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# Ted Cowan
Ted Cowan, being the best known familiar name of Edward George Cowan, was a British comic book writer.
His early career included working as a laboratory assistant prior to World War II when he enlisted firstly in the Royal Air Force and subsequently in the British Army where he was a dispatch rider. After the war he initially continued in the Services in a clerical capacity when he began to make the change to writing.
Having long been fascinated by the comics of the day, it was in response to a friendly challenge that he submitted a story for an amateur writing competition in a newspaper. Shortly afterwards he landed work for The Champion, writing the text story series about schoolboy Ginger Nutt. An increasing number of commissions prompted him to resign his regular job in order to turn professional as a freelance scriptwriter.
This was the start of nearly four decades of working in the British comic industry where at his peak he was considered among the most prolific writers of children's scripts in Fleet Street, London. He not only wrote for comics, but also annuals, "Libraries," and short stories for many publishers including Odhams Press, Fleetway Publications, IPC Media, and extensively in later years DC Thomson of Dundee, Scotland.
Undoubtedly his most famous creation was for Lion, for which he conceptualised Robot Archie (initially known as The Jungle Robot) which he would script for much of the strip's run. Archie, which first appeared in Lion's launch issue published on 23 February 1952, was 'operated' by the fictional Ted Richie and his best friend Ken Dale. Archie has been translated and published in foreign languages including French where he is known as both Archie Le Merveilleux Robot (The Marvellous Robot) and Archie l'homme d'acier (The Man of Steel) and Dutch, Archie de Man van Staal (The Man of Steel).
Another famous creation also for Lion was the anti-hero The Spider, which after the character's conception and first two complete stories was subsequently scripted by Jerry Siegel (though Cowan would return to script "The Bubbles of Doom" for the character's Super Library Stupendous Series). These first two stories by Ted Cowan were reprinted in full in 2005 in a new hardback picture strip book, the King of Crooks, together with other content.
His Tarzanesque jungle story Saber King of the Jungle for Tiger was later reprised in France as Yataca.
Cowan died in the early 1970s.
## Pseudonyms
Edward George Cowan has written under variations of his real name as well as pseudonyms, including (but not limited to):
- Ted Cowan
- E. George Cowan
- Edward G. Cowan
- Denise Cowan (for the girl's story market)
- George Forrest
- Geo. Forrest
There are other unrelated authors who have written under the name of George Forrest. The content will tend to indicate which scripts were written by Ted Cowan, who wrote almost exclusively for the boys / girls / comic market.
## Script accreditations
Script accreditations include (but are not limited to):
- Robot Archie - Lion
- The Spider - Lion
- Paddy Payne - Lion
- Sandy Dean – Lion
- Roy of the Rovers - Tiger
- Saber King of the Jungle - Tiger
- Billy Binns and his wonderful specs - Boys' World
- Smokeman / UFO Agent - Eagle
- Blackbow the Cheyenne - Eagle
- Girls' Crystal Libraries
- Nick Jolly the Flying Highwayman – Hotspur (comic) 1975, DC Thomson & Co. Ltd.
Short Stories in Hard Cover Compilations:
- On the White Fang - Edward G. Cowan: Boy's Choice, (No ISBN); First Published 1965, Golden Pleasure Books Ltd., London
- The Prey – Ted Cowan: Supernatural Stories for Boys, ISBN 978-0-600-38452-6, 1st edition (1968), The Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd.
- Not Our Pigeon – Ted Cowan: Purnell's Book Of Spy Stories
- The Dead Don't Ride – Geo. Forrest: Purnell's Book Of Spy Stories, ISBN 0-361-05769-5; Published 1983, Purnell Books, Bristol
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| 26,724
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{{Hatnote|For the historian, see [[Edward J. Cowan]].}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=October 2021}}{{infobox comics creator
| birth_name = Edward George Cowan
| death_date = Early 1970s
| area = writer
| nationality = British
| notable works = [[Robot Archie]]<br />[[The Spider (British comics)|The Spider]]
| alias = E. George Cowan<br />Edward G. Cowan<br />Denise Cowan (for the [[British girls' comics|girl's story]] market)<br />George Forrest<br />Geo. Forrest
}}
'''Ted Cowan''', being the best known familiar name of '''Edward George Cowan''', was a British [[comic book]] writer.
His early career included working as a laboratory assistant prior to [[World War II]] when he enlisted firstly in the [[Royal Air Force]] and subsequently in the [[British Army]] where he was a dispatch rider. After the war he initially continued in the Services in a clerical capacity when he began to make the change to writing.
Having long been fascinated by the comics of the day, it was in response to a friendly challenge that he submitted a story for an amateur writing competition in a newspaper. Shortly afterwards he landed work for ''[[The Champion (story paper)|The Champion]]'', writing the text story series about schoolboy ''Ginger Nutt''. An increasing number of commissions prompted him to resign his regular job in order to turn professional as a freelance scriptwriter.
This was the start of nearly four decades of working in the [[British comics|British comic]] industry where at his peak he was considered among the most prolific writers of children's scripts in [[Fleet Street]], [[London]]. He not only wrote for comics, but also annuals, "Libraries," and short stories for many publishers including [[Odhams Press]], [[Fleetway Publications]], [[IPC Media]], and extensively in later years [[DC Thomson]] of Dundee, Scotland.
Undoubtedly his most famous creation was for ''[[Lion (comic)|Lion]]'', for which he conceptualised ''[[Robot Archie]]'' (initially known as ''The Jungle Robot'') which he would script for much of the strip's run. Archie, which first appeared in ''Lion''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s launch issue published on 23 February 1952, was 'operated' by the fictional Ted Richie and his best friend Ken Dale. Archie has been translated and published in foreign languages including French where he is known as both ''Archie Le Merveilleux Robot'' (The Marvellous Robot) and ''Archie l'homme d'acier'' (The Man of Steel) and Dutch, ''Archie de Man van Staal'' (The Man of Steel).
Another famous creation also for ''Lion'' was the [[anti-hero]] ''[[The Spider (British comics)|The Spider]]'', which after the character's conception and first two complete stories was subsequently scripted by [[Jerry Siegel]] (though Cowan would return to script "The Bubbles of Doom" for the character's ''Super Library Stupendous Series''). These first two stories by Ted Cowan were reprinted in full in 2005 in a new [[Hardcover|hardback]] picture strip book, the ''King of Crooks'', together with other content.
His ''[[Tarzanesque]]'' jungle story ''Saber King of the Jungle'' for ''[[Tiger (comic)|Tiger]]'' was later reprised in France as ''Yataca''.
Cowan died in the early 1970s.<ref>"Web of Intrigue" by Karl Stock, in ''Judge Dredd Megazine'' #431, May 2021, pp. 42–44</ref>
==Pseudonyms==
'''Edward George Cowan''' has written under variations of his real name as well as pseudonyms, including (but not limited to):
* '''Ted Cowan'''
* '''E. George Cowan'''
* '''Edward G. Cowan'''
* '''Denise Cowan''' (for the girl's story market)
* '''George Forrest'''
* '''Geo. Forrest'''
There are other unrelated authors who have written under the name of George Forrest. The content will tend to indicate which scripts were written by Ted Cowan, who wrote almost exclusively for the boys / girls / comic market.
==Script accreditations==
Script accreditations include (but are not limited to):
* ''[[Robot Archie]]'' - [[Lion (comic)|Lion]]
* ''[[The Spider (comics)|The Spider]]'' - [[Lion (comic)|Lion]]
* ''Paddy Payne'' - [[Lion (comic)|Lion]]
* ''Sandy Dean'' – [[Lion (comic)|Lion]]
* ''Roy of the Rovers'' - [[Tiger (comic)|Tiger]]
* ''Saber King of the Jungle'' - [[Tiger (comic)|Tiger]]
* ''Billy Binns and his wonderful specs'' - [[Boys' World]]
* ''Smokeman / UFO Agent'' - [[Eagle (comic)|Eagle]]
* ''Blackbow the Cheyenne'' - [[Eagle (comic)|Eagle]]
* ''[[Girls' Crystal|Girls' Crystal Libraries]]''
* ''Nick Jolly the Flying Highwayman'' – Hotspur (comic) 1975, DC Thomson & Co. Ltd.
Short Stories in Hard Cover Compilations:
* ''On the White Fang'' - Edward G. Cowan: Boy's Choice, (No ISBN); First Published 1965, Golden Pleasure Books Ltd., London
* ''The Prey'' – Ted Cowan: Supernatural Stories for Boys, {{ISBN|978-0-600-38452-6}}, 1st edition (1968), The Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd.
* ''Not Our Pigeon'' – Ted Cowan: Purnell's Book Of Spy Stories
* ''The Dead Don't Ride'' – Geo. Forrest: Purnell's Book Of Spy Stories, {{ISBN|0-361-05769-5}}; Published 1983, Purnell Books, Bristol
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.comicbookgalaxy.com/review_012306_spiderkoc_JW.html The Spider: King of Crooks - Review]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008003534/http://www.comicsuk.co.uk/ComicInformationPages/LionPages/LionHomePage.asp?ReturnPage=CIP Comics UK - Lion]
* [http://contento.best.vwh.net/paper/s137.htm#A1461 Denise Cowan Pseudonym & Girls' Crystal]
* [[:fr:Yataca|Yataca - Sabre King of the Jungle (Wikipedia France)]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cowan, Ted}}
[[Category:British comics writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
| 1,299,351,743
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[{"title": "Ted Cowan", "data": {"Born": "Edward George Cowan", "Died": "Early 1970s", "Nationality": "British", "Area(s)": "writer", "Pseudonym(s)": "E. George Cowan \u00b7 Edward G. Cowan \u00b7 Denise Cowan (for the girl's story market) \u00b7 George Forrest \u00b7 Geo. Forrest", "Notable works": "Robot Archie \u00b7 The Spider"}}]
| false
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# Sheykh Saleh Qandi
Sheykh Saleh Qandi (Persian: شيخ صالح قندي, also Romanized as Sheykh Şāleḩ Qandī) is a village in Abu Ghoveyr Rural District, Musian District, Dehloran County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 518, in 98 families. The village is populated by Arabs.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheykh_Saleh_Qandi
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2024-11-07T14:48:29Z
|
en
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Q5802669
| 47,442
|
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name =Sheykh Saleh Qandi
|native_name =شيخ صالح قندي
|settlement_type = village
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}}
|subdivision_type1 =[[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 =[[Ilam Province|Ilam]]
|subdivision_type2 =[[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Dehloran County|Dehloran]]
|subdivision_type3 =[[Bakhsh]]
|subdivision_name3 =[[Musian District|Musian]]
|subdivision_type4 =[[Rural Districts of Iran|Rural District]]
|subdivision_name4 =[[Abu Ghoveyr Rural District|Abu Ghoveyr]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_footnotes =
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_total =518
|population_density_km2 =auto
|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset = +3:30
|timezone_DST = [[Iran Daylight Time|IRDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = +4:30
|coordinates =
|elevation_m =
|area_code =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Sheykh Saleh Qandi''' ({{langx|fa|شيخ صالح قندي}}, also [[Romanize]]d as '''Sheykh Şāleḩ Qandī''') is a village in [[Abu Ghoveyr Rural District]], [[Musian District]], [[Dehloran County]], [[Ilam Province]], [[Iran]]. At the 2006 census, its population was 518, in 98 families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|16}}</ref> The village is populated by [[Arabs]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Language distribution: Ilam Province|url=http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.ilam|access-date=24 March 2021|website=Iran Atlas}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Portal|Iran}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Dehloran County}}
{{Coord missing|Ilam Province}}
[[Category:Populated places in Dehloran County]]
[[Category:Arab settlements in llam Province]]
{{Dehloran-geo-stub}}
| 1,255,968,193
|
[{"title": "Sheykh Saleh Qandi \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0642\u0646\u062f\u064a", "data": {"Country": "Iran", "Province": "Ilam", "County": "Dehloran", "Bakhsh": "Musian", "Rural District": "Abu Ghoveyr"}}, {"title": "Population (2006)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "518", "Time zone": "UTC+3:30 (IRST)", "\u2022 Summer (DST)": "UTC+4:30 (IRDT)"}}]
| false
|
# Bench press
The bench press or chest press is a weight training exercise where a person presses a weight upwards while lying horizontally on a weight training bench. The bench press is a compound movement, with the primary muscles involved being the pectoralis major, the anterior deltoids, and the triceps brachii. Other muscles located in the back, legs and core are involved for stabilization. A barbell is generally used to hold the weight, but a pair of dumbbells can also be used.
The barbell bench press is one of three lifts in the sport of powerlifting alongside the deadlift and the squat, and is the only lift in Paralympic powerlifting. The bench press is also extensively used in weight training, bodybuilding, and other types of training to develop upper body muscles, primarily the pectoralis major. To improve upper body strength, power, and endurance for athletic, occupational, and functional performance as well as muscle development, the barbell bench press is frequently used.
## Movement
The person performing the exercise lies on their back on a flat bench with a barbell grasped in both hands. They lower the barbell to chest level until it touches the chest, then press the barbell upwards, extending the arms until their arms are moderately straight. This is one repetition (rep).
PowerliftingPosition yourself on a flat bench with body weight resting on your buttocks and upper traps, an arched back, and feet pressed against the floor. The weight must be lifted at full arm's length, lowered to upper torso, paused, and then lifted to starting position. Improving performance in powerlifting involves powerlifters implementing specific techniques. These include arching, taking deep breaths, and actively pressing their feet into the floor. These methods engage all body parts during the lift, ensuring proper weight distribution across the back, legs, and the floor. While there is criticism of the back arch, it is the safest and most effective way to bench press. The main debate for the use of the back arch during the bench press in powerlifting is how it shortens ones range of motion, thus making the lift easier to perform at higher weights. This shortened range of motion allows the one performing the bench press to ultimately reduce the amount of energy exerted during the lift leading to more weight being put up.
## History
The bench press has evolved over the years, from floor, bridge, and belly toss variations to the methods used by bodybuilders and powerlifters today. It became popular from the late 1950s onwards. Despite the fact the parallel dip is safer (the dip does not require spotters or safety bars), in the 1950s the bench press overtook the dip in popularity and became the standard chest exercise.
At first the strict floor press was the most popular method. In 1899, using a barbell with 48 centimetres (19 in) discs (plates), George Hackenschmidt rolled a barbell over his face (which was turned to the side) and performed a strict floor press with 164 kilograms (362 lb). This stood as a record for 18 years until Joe Nordquest broke it by 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) in 1916.
Around this time, new methods started gaining ground. Lifters began to discover that strong glutes could help them get the bar from the ground to overhead. They would lie on the floor and position the bar over their abdomen, then perform an explosive glute bridge movement, catapulting the bar upwards and catching it at lockout.
Lifting techniques, training, and drugs have improved over the years and the bench press record lift has grown from 164 kilograms (362 lb) to 355 kilograms (783 lb) (raw, record held by Julius Maddox) in approximately 100 years.
## Muscles
A conventional bench press uses the pectoralis major, front deltoids, and triceps brachii to horizontally adduct the shoulder. While flat bench pressing, the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles are activated. The exercise also uses the triceps and anconeus to extend the elbows. The triceps are most crucial around the end of the press to help complete and lock out the elbows. With the right form, parts of the deltoids will be used to help make the lift, including the anterior deltoids. Wider hand spacing places a greater emphasis on shoulder flexion and narrower hand spacing utilizes more elbow extension. Because of this, wider hand spacing is associated with training the pectorals and narrower hand spacing is associated with training the triceps. Both close and wide hand spacing train the deltoid area.
In addition to the major phasic (dynamic) muscles, the bench press also uses tonic (stabilizing) muscles, including the scapular stabilizers (serratus anterior, middle, and inferior trapezius), humeral head stabilizers (rotator cuff muscles), and core (transverse abdominis, obliques, multifidus, erector spinae, quadratus lumborum.)
## Variations
Variations of the bench press involve different groups of muscles, or involve the same muscles in different ways:
- Inclination
- Flat bench press: The flat bench press involves both portions of the pectoralis major muscle but focuses on the lower (sternal) head as well as the anterior deltoid muscle. The term 'bench press' on its own is assumed to refer to a flat bench press.
- Incline bench press: An incline elevates the shoulders and lowers the pelvis as if reclining in a chair; this variation emphasizes the anterior deltoids and the upper (clavicular) head of the pectoralis major. This variation is called the incline bench press or called an incline press.
- Decline bench press: A decline bench press elevates the pelvis and lowers the head and emphasizes the lower portion of the pectoralis major whilst incorporating shoulders and triceps. This variation is known as the decline bench press or the decline press.
- Grip A woman explains how to properly perform the dumbbell bench press and the dumbbell incline bench press
- Reverse grip: A reverse grip bench press utilizes an underhand (supinated) grip on the bar. A supinated grip externally rotates the humerus, which puts the shoulders in a much more favorable position for the lift, decreasing injury potential without compromising the range of motion. It emphasizes the clavicular head of the pectoralis major more than an incline bench press. On the eccentric phase of the lift, the bar path will create a larger arc and eventually touch a point on the chest that is lower compared to the regular bench press, because the upper arms and elbows are closer to the body and the angle between the humerus and the torso is smaller.
- Narrow grip (close grip): A bench press performed with the hands close together. It relies on the triceps to complete the pressing motion.[4] Called the close grip bench press, this variation is best performed with arms in a near-vertical position to reduce strain placed upon the wrists, elbows, and shoulders. A close grip bench press can also be performed with dumbbells or a barbell with neutral grips.
- Wide grip: A bench press performed with the hands far apart. It shortens the range of motion, lessening the contribution of the triceps.
- Suicide grip (false grip, thumbless grip): Instead of the thumb being wrapped underneath the barbell, the thumb is placed next to the index finger where it sits on top of the barbell. Although it has its pros and cons, the suicide grip is sometimes used because it places the wrist in a better position, keeping shoulders safer, and allowing lifters to activate their triceps more.[9] This grip is considered unsafe as it presents the risk of the bar rolling out of the lifters hand which in turn may cause injury by the dropped bar[10]
- Arched Back: Bench press can be performed with an arched back to engage the lower part of the pectoral muscle. This allows the lifter to lift heavier weights[11]
- Different lowering targets
- A lifter can elect to lower the bar to nipple level, to the xiphoid process, or even further, to the abdomen.
- On the other hand, a lifter may lower the bar to a very high point on the chest, or even to the neck; the latter variation is called a guillotine press (also known as a redneck press or neck press) and emphasizes the upper pectorals.
- Altered stability: The bench press can be performed with various modifications to make the lifter or the weight less stable. Examples include lifting on a Swiss ball, using dumbbells instead of a barbell, or lifting with the legs on the bench or in the air. Lifting with the legs on the bench or out in front of the bench held in the air above the ground neutralizes the athlete's ability to arch his back and glutes off of the bench and thereby gain an advantage while lifting. As it forces the glutes to stay anchored on the bench (it also eliminates the ability of the athlete to employ leg drive), this position is more difficult and allows for greater stress of the pectorals.
- Alternating arms: This involves using a pair of dumbbells and lifting and lowering one and then lifting and lowering the other; or lifting one while lowering the other in an alternating sequence.[12]
- Single arm: This involves using a single dumbbell and lifting it with one arm. When both arms are exercised in this unilateral manner, it can help to ensure that the arms perform the same amount of work and any excessive muscle imbalances are reduced. For example, in a standard barbell bench press, the right arm may perform 55% of the work and the left arm 45%. However, if the right or left arm is used singularly, then it can be assured that each arm is performing 100% of the work for that respective lift. This can mean that the strength of the right and left arms develops more evenly.[12] The single-arm bench press can also mean greater levels of core activation.
- Variable resistance: The bench press can be performed with chains or bands which are attached to either end of the barbell. They can be used to strengthen the upper range of motion in the movement and develop explosive power in the bench press.[13] This means that the percentage of 1RM lifted for the stronger phase[a] more closely matches the percentage 1RM for the weaker lower phase e.g., a person can lift 60 kg for one full rep (including the weaker lower phase) but can lift 90 kg for the stronger upper phase. So, by adding resistance they can better meet the respective 1RMs, in percentage terms, for both strength phases. The incorporation of chains and bands can help to develop explosive power in the bench press. An alternative is to combine heavier partial reps with lighter full reps.[14][15]
- Partial rep: A partial rep usually means lowering the bar partially before raising it again i.e., for a half or quarter rep.
- Because this is a stronger ROM, significantly more weight can be lifted. When used in combination with lighter full reps, this can allow a person to better ensure that the percentage of 1RM lifted for the stronger and weaker phases of the movement[a] is more consistent. For example, if 1RM is 100 kg for the lower phase and 150 kg for the upper phase, an 80 kg full ROM press is 80% of someone's 1RM for a full rep and lifting 120 kg for a partial which remains in the stronger phase of the movement is 80% for that phase. Full reps at a 1RM of 100 kg prevents the stronger phase of the lift from being trained at more than about 66% of its respective 1RM of 150 kg. Performing heavier partials can help to increase strength and power and also improve a person's 1RM for a full ROM press.[16]
- A different form of partial rep involves training the lower most difficult part of the movement in order to strengthen it and to avoid it being a ‘sticking point’ that stops the movement of the weight.
- Equipped: An "equipped" bench press is performed with a stiff, supportive shirt that allows greater weights to be used. The materials and cut of the bench shirt, as well as the skill of the lifter and the rules of performance, will determine how much additional weight can be pressed in the shirt as opposed to without it. The contrast between equipped and unequipped (raw) bench press weights is illustrated in the progression of the bench press world records, with the record equipped lift exceeding the unequipped lift by hundreds of pounds.
- With minor injury: People who suffer from shoulder injuries can use a specialized barbell such as the Swiss Bar or Football Bar that allows them to hold the bar in a neutral grip, reducing the amount of internal rotation on the shoulder. It also engages the shoulder more, increasing power in upper body movements. Another variation is the hex press in which two dumbbells are squeezed against each other, with the palms facing inwards. This puts the strain of the exercise on the triceps and inner chest rather than the shoulders. The Floor Press is another variation that puts less strain on the lifter's shoulders, due to the shorter range of motion.
## Possible injuries
Performing the bench press can contribute to multiple types of injuries:
- Torn ligaments / tendons in shoulders
- Injuries to the trapezius muscle
- Elbow / wrist strains
- Cracked or broken ribs, usually the result of bouncing the bar off of the chest to add momentum to the lift, or a loss of strength causing the bar to fall onto the chest.
- Distal clavicular osteolysis: bone spur or erosion at the end of the clavicle. Athletes suffering from this condition should avoid doing bench presses.[17]
- Torn or damaged rotator cuff
- Pectoral muscle tear
- Cervical discopathy or, in extreme cases, spinal cord injury. While the mechanism is not clear, lifting the neck or arching the back and leaning on the lower neck while pressing the weight could stress the area.[18][better source needed]
- Death by asphyxiation by being trapped under the bar (several each year).[19]
- Subclavian vein thrombosis [20]
Many of these possible injuries can be avoided by using dumbbells instead of a barbell since dumbbells can be dropped without hitting the chest or neck, while also allowing greater external rotation of the shoulder which can help prevent shoulder injuries. Studies have also shown dumbbell bench press activates the pectorals more, which can lead to increased muscle growth.
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{{short description|Exercise of the upper body}}
[[File:Bench press 1.jpg|thumb|A man performs a [[barbell]] bench press while another [[Spotting (weight training)|spots]] him.]]
The '''bench press''' or '''chest press''' is a [[weight training]] exercise where a person presses a weight upwards while lying horizontally on a [[weight training bench]]. The bench press is a [[Compound movements|compound movement]], with the primary muscles involved being the [[pectoralis major]], the [[deltoid muscle|anterior deltoids]], and the [[triceps brachii muscle|triceps brachii]]. Other muscles located in the back, legs and core are involved for stabilization. A [[barbell]] is generally used to hold the weight, but a pair of [[dumbbell]]s can also be used.<ref>{{Cite journal|url= http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Citation/2000/08000/Dumbbell_Bench_Press_.22.aspx|title= Dumbbell bench press|last= John F. Graham|date= August 2000|journal= Strength and Conditioning Journal|volume= 22|issue= 4|pages= 71|access-date= 7 September 2014}}</ref>
The barbell bench press is one of three lifts in the sport of [[powerlifting]] alongside the [[deadlift]] and [[Squat (exercise)|the squat]], and is the only lift in [[Paralympic powerlifting]]. The bench press is also extensively used in weight training, [[bodybuilding]], and other types of training to develop upper body muscles, primarily the pectoralis major. To improve upper body strength, power, and endurance for athletic, occupational, and functional performance as well as muscle development, the barbell bench press is frequently used.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Ronai |first=Peter |date=November 2018 |title=The Bench Press Exercise |journal=ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal |language=en-US |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=52–57 |doi=10.1249/FIT.0000000000000432 |issn=1091-5397|doi-access=free }}</ref>
== Movement ==
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2022}}
The person performing the exercise lies on their back on a flat bench with a barbell grasped in both hands. They lower the barbell to chest level until it touches the chest, then press the barbell upwards, extending the arms until their arms are moderately straight. This is one [[Strength training#Principles and training methods|repetition]] (rep).
;Powerlifting: Position yourself on a flat bench with body weight resting on your buttocks and upper traps, an arched back, and feet pressed against the floor. The weight must be lifted at full arm's length, lowered to upper torso, paused, and then lifted to starting position. Improving performance in powerlifting involves powerlifters implementing specific techniques. These include arching, taking deep breaths, and actively pressing their feet into the floor. These methods engage all body parts during the lift, ensuring proper weight distribution across the back, legs, and the floor. While there is criticism of the back arch, it is the safest and most effective way to bench press. The main debate for the use of the back arch during the bench press in powerlifting is how it shortens ones range of motion, thus making the lift easier to perform at higher weights. This shortened range of motion allows the one performing the bench press to ultimately reduce the amount of energy exerted during the lift leading to more weight being put up.
==History==
The bench press has evolved over the years, from floor, bridge, and belly toss variations to the methods used by bodybuilders and powerlifters today. It became popular from the late 1950s onwards.{{sfnp|McRobert|1998|p=210}} Despite the fact the parallel [[Dip (exercise)|dip]] is safer (the dip does not require spotters or safety bars{{sfnp|McRobert|1998|p=210}}), in the 1950s the bench press overtook the dip in popularity and became the standard chest exercise.{{sfnp|McRobert|1998|p=210}}
At first the strict floor press was the most popular method. In 1899, using a barbell with {{convert|48|cm|in}} discs (plates), [[George Hackenschmidt]] rolled a barbell over his face (which was turned to the side) and performed a strict floor press with {{convert|164|kg|lbs}}. This stood as a record for 18 years until Joe Nordquest broke it by {{convert|1|kg|lbs}} in 1916.
Around this time, new methods started gaining ground. Lifters began to discover that strong glutes could help them get the bar from the ground to overhead. They would lie on the floor and position the bar over their abdomen, then perform an explosive glute bridge movement, catapulting the bar upwards and catching it at lockout.<ref name="t-nation1">{{cite web|last=Contreras |first=Bret |url=http://www.t-nation.com/free_online_article/most_recent/the_best_damn_bench_press_article_period |title=The Best Damn Bench Press Article Period |publisher=T Nation |date=2011-12-15 |access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref>
Lifting techniques, training, and [[Anabolic steroid|drugs]] have improved over the years and the bench press record lift has grown from {{convert|164|kg|lbs}} to {{convert|355|kg|lbs}} (raw, record held by [[Julius Maddox]]) in approximately 100 years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Powerlifter Will Barotti benches 1,105 pounds for a new world record |url=https://www.muscleandfitness.com/athletes-celebrities/news/powerlifter-will-barotti-benches-1105-pounds-for-a-new-world-record/ |website=muscleandfitness.com|date=6 July 2020 }}</ref>
==Muscles==
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2022}}
A conventional bench press uses the [[Pectoralis major muscle|pectoralis major]], front [[Deltoid muscle|deltoids]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Parry |first=Alex |date=2022-01-17 |title=What Muscle Does Bench Press Work?: Diagram, Guide and Exercise Variations |url=https://www.characterstrength.co.uk/post/what-muscle-does-bench-press-work |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=characterstrength |language=en}}</ref> and [[triceps brachii]] to horizontally adduct the shoulder. While flat bench pressing, the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles are activated.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rodríguez-Ridao |first1=David |last2=Antequera-Vique |first2=José A. |last3=Martín-Fuentes |first3=Isabel |last4=Muyor |first4=José M. |date=2020-10-08 |title=Effect of Five Bench Inclinations on the Electromyographic Activity of the Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid, and Triceps Brachii during the Bench Press Exercise |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=17 |issue=19 |pages=7339 |doi=10.3390/ijerph17197339 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=7579505 |pmid=33049982 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bhatia |first1=Deepak N. |last2=de Beer |first2=Joe F. |last3=van Rooyen |first3=Karin S. |last4=Lam |first4=Francis |last5=du Toit |first5=Donald F. |date=August 2007 |title=The "bench-presser's shoulder": an overuse insertional tendinopathy of the pectoralis minor muscle |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=e11 |doi=10.1136/bjsm.2006.032383 |issn=1473-0480 |pmc=2465431 |pmid=17138640}}</ref> The exercise also uses the triceps and [[anconeus]] to extend the elbows.<ref name=":0" /> The triceps are most crucial around the end of the press to help complete and lock out the elbows. With the right form, parts of the deltoids will be used to help make the lift, including the anterior deltoids.<ref name=":0" /> Wider hand spacing places a greater emphasis on shoulder flexion and narrower hand spacing utilizes more elbow extension. Because of this, wider hand spacing is associated with training the pectorals and narrower hand spacing is associated with training the triceps. Both close and wide hand spacing train the deltoid area.<ref name=":0" />
In addition to the major phasic (dynamic) muscles, the bench press also uses tonic (stabilizing) muscles, including the scapular stabilizers ([[serratus anterior]], middle, and inferior [[trapezius]]), humeral head stabilizers ([[rotator cuff muscles]]), and core ([[transverse abdominis]], [[Oblique arytenoid|obliques]], [[multifidus]], [[erector spinae]], [[quadratus lumborum]].)[[File:Bench Press- Almog Dayan.JPG|thumb|A female athlete performing a bench press at the IPA world championship 2007, in the "Bench Only" category]]
==Variations==
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2022}}
Variations of the bench press involve different groups of muscles, or involve the same muscles in different ways:
*'''Inclination'''
**'''Flat bench press''': The flat bench press involves both portions of the pectoralis major muscle but focuses on the lower (sternal) head as well as the anterior [[deltoid muscle]]. The term 'bench press' on its own is assumed to refer to a flat bench press.
**'''Incline bench press''': An incline elevates the shoulders and lowers the pelvis as if reclining in a chair; this variation emphasizes the anterior deltoids and the upper (clavicular) head of the pectoralis major. This variation is called the incline bench press or called an incline press.
**'''Decline bench press''': A decline bench press elevates the pelvis and lowers the head and emphasizes the lower portion of the pectoralis major whilst incorporating shoulders and triceps. This variation is known as the decline bench press or the decline press.
*'''Grip''' [[File:Sequence 01.webm|thumb|A woman explains how to properly perform the dumbbell bench press and the dumbbell incline bench press]]
**'''Reverse grip''': A reverse grip bench press utilizes an underhand (supinated) grip on the bar. A supinated grip externally rotates the [[humerus]], which puts the shoulders in a much more favorable position for the lift, decreasing injury potential without compromising the range of motion. It emphasizes the clavicular head of the pectoralis major more than an incline bench press. On the eccentric phase of the lift, the bar path will create a larger arc and eventually touch a point on the chest that is lower compared to the regular bench press, because the upper arms and elbows are closer to the body and the angle between the humerus and the torso is smaller.
**'''Narrow grip''' ('''close grip'''): A bench press performed with the hands close together. It relies on the triceps to complete the pressing motion.<ref name="t-nation1" /> Called the close grip bench press, this variation is best performed with arms in a near-vertical position to reduce strain placed upon the wrists, elbows, and shoulders. A close grip bench press can also be performed with dumbbells or a barbell with neutral grips.
**'''Wide grip''': A bench press performed with the hands far apart. It shortens the range of motion, lessening the contribution of the triceps.
**'''Suicide grip''' ('''false grip''', '''thumbless grip'''): Instead of the thumb being wrapped underneath the barbell, the thumb is placed next to the index finger where it sits on top of the barbell. Although it has its pros and cons, the suicide grip is sometimes used because it places the wrist in a better position, keeping shoulders safer, and allowing lifters to activate their triceps more.<ref>6 Reasons Not To Use The Suicide Grip For Bench Press: https://powerliftingtechnique.com/suicide-grip-for-bench-press/</ref> This grip is considered unsafe as it presents the risk of the bar rolling out of the lifters hand which in turn may cause injury by the dropped bar<ref>{{cite web | url=https://stronglifts.com/bench-press/#No_Thumbless_Grip | title=How to Bench Press with Proper Form: Definitive Guide | date=7 October 2018 }}</ref>
*'''Arched Back:''' Bench press can be performed with an arched back to engage the lower part of the pectoral muscle. This allows the lifter to lift heavier weights<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delavier |first=Frédéric |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm61123117 |title=Strength training anatomy |date=2006 |publisher=Human Kinetics |isbn=978-0-7360-6368-5 |edition=2nd |location=Champaign, IL |pages=52 |oclc=ocm61123117}}</ref>
*'''Different lowering targets'''
**A lifter can elect to lower the bar to nipple level, to the [[xiphoid process]], or even further, to the abdomen.
**On the other hand, a lifter may lower the bar to a very high point on the chest, or even to the neck; the latter variation is called a '''guillotine press''' (also known as a '''redneck press''' or '''neck press''') and emphasizes the upper pectorals.
*'''Altered stability''': The bench press can be performed with various modifications to make the lifter or the weight less stable. Examples include lifting on a Swiss ball, using dumbbells instead of a barbell, or lifting with the legs on the bench or in the air. Lifting with the legs on the bench or out in front of the bench held in the air above the ground neutralizes the athlete's ability to arch his back and glutes off of the bench and thereby gain an advantage while lifting. As it forces the glutes to stay anchored on the bench (it also eliminates the ability of the athlete to employ leg drive), this position is more difficult and allows for greater stress of the pectorals.
*'''Alternating arms''': This involves using a pair of dumbbells and lifting and lowering one and then lifting and lowering the other; or lifting one while lowering the other in an alternating sequence.<ref name="Pro Training Secrets">{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Pete |title=Pro Training Secrets |journal=Men's Health |volume=June 2006 |page=134}}</ref>
*'''Single arm''': This involves using a single dumbbell and lifting it with one arm. When both arms are exercised in this [[Unilateral training|unilateral manner]], it can help to ensure that the arms perform the same amount of work and any excessive muscle imbalances are reduced. For example, in a standard barbell bench press, the right arm may perform 55% of the work and the left arm 45%. However, if the right or left arm is used singularly, then it can be assured that each arm is performing 100% of the work for that respective lift. This can mean that the strength of the right and left arms develops more evenly.<ref name="Pro Training Secrets"/> The single-arm bench press can also mean greater levels of core activation.
*'''Variable resistance''': The bench press can be performed with chains or bands which are attached to either end of the barbell. They can be used to strengthen the upper range of motion in the movement and develop explosive power in the bench press.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lift.net/exercises/how-to-bench-press-with-proper-form/ |title=How to Bench Press like a Pro: A deep look at Bench Press Form |publisher=LIFT |access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> This means that the percentage of 1RM lifted for the stronger phase{{Efn|name=fn1|A movement may be considered as having any number of strength phases but usually is considered as having two main phases: a stronger and a weaker. When the movement becomes stronger during the exercise, this is called an ''ascending strength curve'' i.e. bench press, squat, deadlift. And when it becomes weaker this is called a ''descending strength curve'' i.e. chin ups, upright row, standing lateral raise. Some exercises involve a different pattern of strong-weak-strong. This is called a ''bell shaped strength curve'' i.e. bicep curls where there can be a sticking point roughly midway.}} more closely matches the percentage 1RM for the weaker lower phase e.g., a person can lift 60 kg for one full rep (including the weaker lower phase) but can lift 90 kg for the stronger upper phase. So, by adding resistance they can better meet the respective 1RMs, in percentage terms, for both strength phases. The incorporation of chains and bands can help to develop explosive power in the bench press. An alternative is to combine heavier partial reps with lighter full reps.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hutchison |first1=Dan |title=Using variable resistance for the bench press |url=https://www.perform-x.com/using-variable-resistance-bench-press/ |website=Perform-X.com |date=29 June 2017 |access-date=30 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=John Jaquish |first1=Henry Alkire |title=Weight lifting is a waste of time |date=2020 |publisher=Lioncrest publishing |pages=33–36}}</ref>
*'''Partial rep''': A partial rep usually means lowering the bar partially before raising it again i.e., for a half or quarter rep.
**Because this is a stronger ROM, significantly more weight can be lifted. When used in combination with lighter full reps, this can allow a person to better ensure that the percentage of 1RM lifted for the stronger and weaker phases of the movement{{Efn|name=fn1|A movement may be considered as having any number of strength phases but usually is considered as having two main phases: a stronger and a weaker. When the movement becomes stronger during the exercise, this is called an ''ascending strength curve'' i.e. bench press, squat, deadlift. And when it becomes weaker this is called a ''descending strength curve'' i.e. chin ups, upright row, standing lateral raise. Some exercises involve a different pattern of strong-weak-strong. This is called a ''bell shaped strength curve'' i.e. bicep curls where there can be a sticking point roughly midway.}} is more consistent. For example, if 1RM is 100 kg for the lower phase and 150 kg for the upper phase, an 80 kg full ROM press is 80% of someone's 1RM for a full rep and lifting 120 kg for a partial which remains in the stronger phase of the movement is 80% for that phase. Full reps at a 1RM of 100 kg prevents the stronger phase of the lift from being trained at more than about 66% of its respective 1RM of 150 kg. Performing heavier partials can help to increase strength and power and also improve a person's 1RM for a full ROM press.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dickinson |first1=Josh |title=Full And Partial Repetitions For Massive Gains! |url=https://www.bodybuilding.com/content/full-and-partial-repetitions-for-massive-gains.html |website=bodybuilding.com |date=18 April 2005 |access-date=30 March 2021}}</ref>
**A different form of partial rep involves training the lower most difficult part of the movement in order to strengthen it and to avoid it being a ‘sticking point’ that stops the movement of the weight.
*'''Equipped''': An "equipped" bench press is performed with a [[Bench shirt|stiff, supportive shirt]] that allows greater weights to be used. The materials and cut of the bench shirt, as well as the skill of the lifter and the rules of performance, will determine how much additional weight can be pressed in the shirt as opposed to without it. The contrast between equipped and unequipped (raw) bench press weights is illustrated in the [[progression of the bench press world record]]s, with the record equipped lift exceeding the unequipped lift by hundreds of pounds.
*'''With minor injury''': People who suffer from shoulder injuries can use a specialized barbell such as the Swiss Bar or Football Bar that allows them to hold the bar in a neutral grip, reducing the amount of internal rotation on the shoulder. It also engages the shoulder more, increasing power in upper body movements. Another variation is the hex press in which two dumbbells are squeezed against each other, with the palms facing inwards. This puts the strain of the exercise on the triceps and inner chest rather than the shoulders. The Floor Press is another variation that puts less strain on the lifter's shoulders, due to the shorter range of motion.
==Possible injuries==
[[File:Bench press.png|upright=1.5|thumb|A man (lying down) performs a bench press with a [[spotting (weight training)|spotter]] using a thumbless grip.]]
Performing the bench press can contribute to multiple types of injuries:
*Torn [[ligaments]] / [[tendons]] in shoulders
*Injuries to the [[trapezius muscle]]
*[[Elbow]] / [[wrist]] strains
*Cracked or broken [[human rib cage|ribs]], usually the result of bouncing the bar off of the chest to add momentum to the lift, or a loss of strength causing the bar to fall onto the chest.
*[[Bone spur|Distal clavicular osteolysis]]: bone spur or erosion at the end of the clavicle. Athletes suffering from this condition should avoid doing bench presses.<ref>IOC Sport Medicine Manual 2000 available in .PDF form online</ref>
*Torn or damaged [[rotator cuff]]
*Pectoral muscle tear
*Cervical discopathy or, in extreme cases, spinal cord injury. While the mechanism is not clear, lifting the neck or arching the back and leaning on the lower neck while pressing the weight could stress the area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spinal Cord Injury due to Cervical Disc Herniation Caused by Bench Pressing |url=https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/spinal-cord-injury-due-to-cervical-disc-herniation-caused-by-bench-pressing-2165-7939-3-154.pdf |website=hilarispublisher |publisher=Journal of Spine}}</ref>{{better source needed|Reason=predatory publisher [[OMICS Publishing Group]]|date=February 2022}}
*Death by [[asphyxiation]] by being trapped under the bar (several each year).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cpsc.gov/library/foia/foia04/brief/weightlt.pdf |title=Petition Requesting Labeling of Weightlifting Bench-Press Benches to Reduce or Prevent Deaths Due to Asphyxia/Anoxia |publisher=US Consumer Product Safety Commission |date=May 13, 2004 |access-date=2014-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108110415/http://www.cpsc.gov/library/foia/foia04/brief/weightlt.pdf |archive-date=2013-01-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Subclavian vein thrombosis <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Imai |first1=Eriya |last2=Watanabe |first2=Jun |last3=Okano |first3=Hiromu |last4=Yokozuka |first4=Motoi |date=June 2023 |title=Efficacy and safety of supraclavicular versus infraclavicular approach for subclavian vein catheterisation: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials |journal=Indian Journal of Anaesthesia |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=486–496 |doi=10.4103/ija.ija_837_22 |issn=0019-5049|doi-access=free |pmid=37476443 |pmc=10355348 }}</ref>
Many of these possible injuries can be avoided by using dumbbells instead of a barbell since dumbbells can be dropped without hitting the chest or neck, while also allowing greater external rotation of the shoulder which can help prevent shoulder injuries. Studies have also shown dumbbell bench press activates the pectorals more, which can lead to increased muscle growth.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sgobba|first=Christa|date=2017-07-12|title=This Kind Of Bench Press Will Hit Your Pecs the Hardest|url=https://www.menshealth.com/fitness/a19525230/dumbbell-chest-press-pecs-activation/|access-date=2020-12-17|website=Men's Health|language=en-US}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Overhead press]]
*[[Chin-up bar]]
*[[Deadlift]]
*[[NFL Scouting Combine#Bench press records]]
*[[Progression of the bench press world record]]
*[[Squat (exercise)]]
*[[Pump and run]]
*[[Push up]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
* {{cite book | last = McRobert | first =Stuart | title =Beyond Brawn | publisher =CS Publishing Ltd | year = 1998 | location = US | isbn =9789963916368 }}
{{Strength training exercises}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bench Press}}
[[Category:Powerlifting]]
[[Category:Weight training exercises]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
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# The Vanderbeekers
The Vanderbeekers is a series of seven middle-grade children's novels written and illustrated by Asian American author Karina Yan Glaser. Set primarily in Harlem, the books follow the adventures of a large multiracial family and their friends and neighbors. Although published between 2017 and 2023, reviewers noted that the books evoke older series about large families in urban settings, including Elizabeth Enright's Melendy family books and Sydney Taylor's All-of-a-Kind Family series, as well as Jeanne Birdsall's The Penderwicks and Gertrude Chandler Warner's original Boxcar Children series. By the time of the final book's release in 2023, the Vanderbeekers books had sold more than half a million copies and been translated into 13 languages.
## Background
As a first-generation American child of immigrants, Glaser grew up in a small family without extended family. "I devoured books about big families," she has said, adding that "reading books about big families, especially ones in New York City, always gave me a big thrill." Glaser moved to New York for college and remained there; after she had children, she began writing a blog about being a mother in New York City and was encouraged to continue writing. "As I would walk with my kids and our dog past brownstones in our Harlem neighborhood, I would sometimes think of the cover of one of the All-of-a-Kind Family books, with all the kids spilling out the front door of a brownstone, and that’s when I began thinking about the Vanderbeekers."
Glaser took a writing course and participated in National Novel Writing Month, which she said resulted in the first draft of The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt bought the manuscript and offered Glaser a contract for two standalone books, the latter of which was published in 2022 as A Duet for Home. Prior to publication of The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street, the publisher offered Glaser a contract for a sequel, The Vanderbeekers and the Hidden Garden.
## Books
The books feature the Vanderbeeker family—a biracial family consisting of a mother, father, five children (twins Isa and Jessie, Oliver, Hyacinth and Laney), and a cat, dog and rabbit—along with a large cast of friends and neighbors. The Vanderbeekers live in a brownstone apartment on 141st Street in Harlem where Mr. Vanderbeeker works as a superintendent. The books take place over the course of roughly two years, beginning with Christmas and ending with Christmas.
### The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street(2017)
Shortly before Christmas, the Vanderbeekers' live-in landlord, the reclusive Mr. Beiderman, declines to renew their lease, forcing the Vanderbeeker family to move at the end of the year. The Vanderbeeker children begin a variety of strategies to persuade "the Beiderman," to allow them to stay.
### The Vanderbeekers and the Hidden Garden(2018)
This installment takes place during the summer, six months after the events of the previous book. While Isa is away at camp, the rest of the Vanderbeeker children struggle with the summer heat. After their beloved neighbor Mr. Jeet suffers a stroke, the children plan to transform an abandoned lot on 141st Street into a garden that will welcome him home.
### The Vanderbeekers to the Rescue(2019)
During spring break the following year, the Vanderbeekers prepare for Isa's violin audition, Jessie's science fair project, Oliver's treehouse, Hyacinth's knitting project and Laney's gymnastics practice. When the children accidentally destroy Mrs. Vanderbeeker's baking business, they must race to fix their mistake, against the backdrop of a series of mysterious packages arriving at the door.
### The Vanderbeekers Lost and Found(2020)
During the fall, the Vanderbeekers help Mr. Beiderman train for the New York City Marathon and plan a neighborhood fun run. The plot moves into action when they discover the true identity of the mysterious person living in the community garden.
### The Vanderbeekers Make a Wish(2021)
The following summer, the Vanderbeekers prepare for Mr. Vanderbeeker's surprise 40th birthday party. But after he leaves town to help a good friend, the Vanderbeeker children find surprise guests at the brownstone and learn more than they knew about their paternal grandfather.
### The Vanderbeekers on the Road(2022)
Immediately following the events of the previous book, the Vanderbeekers, Mr. Beiderman, and their friend Orlando set out on a road trip to pick up Mr. Vanderbeeker in the Midwest and surprise him with a birthday trip to the Pacific Coast. The Vanderbeeker family endure breakdowns, make new friends while camping and see America, all while Jessie and Orlando keep a secret about their future plans.
### The Vanderbeekers Ever After(2023)
During the fall after their road trip, amid preparations for the wedding of two dear friends, one of the Vanderbeeker children receives a cancer diagnosis. The family rises to the challenge, befriending patients, staff and parents at the hospital whiles supporting their sick family member.
## Influences
Among works that Glaser has said influenced The Vanderbeekers are Enright's Melendy family books, Taylor's All-of-a-Kind Family series, Eleanor Estes' The Moffats, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler.
## Reception
The Vanderbeekers books have been well-reviewed. In The New York Times Book Review, Jennifer Hubert Swan called the first installment "a warmhearted, multiracial update to the classic big-family novel." She also praised Glaser's decision to "preserve the winsome tone and innocence of the aforementioned classics while updating them with a rich, modern diversity of characters, settings and problems," without resorting to "labeling the cultural or ethnic backgrounds of her characters outright." Instead, Swan writes, "Glaser plants subtle hints in dialogue, descriptions and names that could suggest a number of possibilities. For example, while we learn that the Vanderbeekers are 'a biracial family,' Glaser never explicitly says which races. Instead she sticks to eye color, foot size and hair: 'Isa inherited her mother’s stick-straight black hair, which Isa always wore in a sleek ponytail'; her twin, Jessie, has 'Papa’s wild, untamable hair.' Oliver has 'Mama’s dark eyes' while Hyacinth got 'Papa’s large feet.' This technique allows an array of young readers to come to the text and see themselves, their families and friends."
In 2019, reviewing The Vanderbeekers to the Rescue, Swan described the book as "almost a case study in why these kinds of series are so captivating for young readers: Above all, while the happy ending might be a foregone conclusion, there is great satisfaction in seeing how their favorite characters untangle the knot this time."
The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street was listed as one of The New York Times Book Review's notable children's books for 2017. The Vanderbeekers and the Hidden Garden reached ninth on the New York Times Best Seller list for middle-grade children's books in October 2018.
## Adaptation
In 2018, Amy Poehler's production company optioned The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street for film or television adaptation.
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The Vanderbeekers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vanderbeekers
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{{Short description|Series of children's novels about a large family in New York City}}
{{Infobox book series
| name = ''The Vanderbeekers''
| image =
| image_caption = The cover of the first book in the series
| books = {{plainlist|
* ''[[The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street]]''
* ''The Vanderbeekers and the Hidden Garden''
* ''The Vanderbeekers to the Rescue''
* ''The Vanderbeekers Lost and Found''
* ''The Vanderbeekers Make a Wish''
* ''The Vanderbeekers on the Road''
* ''The Vanderbeekers Ever After''
}}
| author = [[Karina Yan Glaser]]
| illustrator = Karina Yan Glaser
| cover_artist = Karl James Mountford
| language = English
| genre = [[Children's literature]]
| publisher = Clarion Books
| pub_date = 2017–2023
| english_pub_date =
| media_type =
| number_of_books = 7
| list_books =
| oclc =
| preceded by =
| followed by =
| italic title = force
| website = {{URL|harpercollins.com/collections/books-series-the-vanderbeekers}}
}}
'''''The Vanderbeekers''''' is a series of seven middle-grade [[Children's literature|children's novels]] written and illustrated by Asian American author [[Karina Yan Glaser]]. Set primarily in [[Harlem]], the books follow the adventures of a large multiracial family and their friends and neighbors. Although published between 2017 and 2023, reviewers noted that the books evoke older series about large families in urban settings, including [[Elizabeth Enright]]'s Melendy family books and [[Sydney Taylor]]'s ''[[All-of-a-Kind Family]]'' series, as well as [[Jeanne Birdsall]]'s ''[[The Penderwicks]]'' and [[Gertrude Chandler Warner]]'s original ''[[The Boxcar Children|Boxcar Children]]'' series.<ref name="NYT-Swan">{{cite news |last1=Swan |first1=Jennifer Hubert |title=A Warmhearted, Multiracial Update to the Classic Big-Family Novel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/27/books/review/karina-yan-glaser-vanderbeekers-of-141st-street.html |access-date=10 August 2024 |work=New York Times Book Review |date=October 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Citizen-Times">{{cite news |last1=LeClerc |first1=Kirsten |title=Read All About It: Meet 'The Vanderbeekers' |url=https://www.citizen-times.com/story/life/family/2020/02/23/read-all-it-meet-the-vanderbeekers-141st-street/4786516002/ |access-date=10 August 2024 |work=The Citizen-Times |date=February 23, 2020}}</ref><ref name="BookRiot">{{cite news |last1=Moench |first1=Katie |title=15 Delightful Books Like The Vanderbeekers |url=https://bookriot.com/books-like-the-vanderbeekers/ |access-date=10 August 2024 |work=BookRiot |date=September 7, 2021}}</ref> By the time of the final book's release in 2023, the ''Vanderbeekers'' books had sold more than half a million copies and been translated into 13 languages.<ref name="PW-2023">{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Iyana |title=Noteworthy Children's Series Ending in 2023 |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-book-news/article/93947-noteworthy-children-s-and-ya-series-ending-in-2023.html |access-date=12 August 2024 |work=Publishers Weekly |date=December 14, 2023}}</ref>
==Background==
As a first-generation American child of immigrants, Glaser grew up in a small family without extended family. "I devoured books about big families," she has said, adding that "reading books about big families, especially ones in [[New York City]], always gave me a big thrill." Glaser moved to New York for college and remained there; after she had children, she began writing a blog about being a mother in New York City and was encouraged to continue writing. "As I would walk with my kids and our dog past [[brownstone]]s in our Harlem neighborhood, I would sometimes think of the cover of one of the ''All-of-a-Kind Family'' books, with all the kids spilling out the front door of a brownstone, and that’s when I began thinking about the Vanderbeekers."<ref name="PW-2023-QA">{{cite news |last1=Poray Goddu |first1=Krystyna |title=Q & A with Karina Yan Glaser |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-authors/article/93174-q-a-with-karina-yan-glaser.html |access-date=12 August 2024 |work=Publishers Weekly |date=September 14, 2023}}</ref>
Glaser took a writing course and participated in [[National Novel Writing Month]], which she said resulted in the first draft of ''[[The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street]]''. [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] bought the manuscript and offered Glaser a contract for two standalone books, the latter of which was published in 2022 as ''A Duet for Home''. Prior to publication of ''The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street'', the publisher offered Glaser a contract for a sequel, ''The Vanderbeekers and the Hidden Garden''.<ref name="PW-2023-QA" />
==Books==
The books feature the Vanderbeeker family—a biracial family consisting of a mother, father, five children (twins Isa and Jessie, Oliver, Hyacinth and Laney), and a cat, dog and rabbit—along with a large cast of friends and neighbors. The Vanderbeekers live in a brownstone apartment on 141st Street in Harlem where Mr. Vanderbeeker works as a superintendent. The books take place over the course of roughly two years, beginning with Christmas and ending with Christmas.
<!--
Editors: Please keep this section spoiler free. Readers interested in more detail can find it in the individual book articles
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===''The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street'' (2017)===
{{Main|The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street}}
Shortly before Christmas, the Vanderbeekers' live-in landlord, the reclusive Mr. Beiderman, declines to renew their lease, forcing the Vanderbeeker family to move at the end of the year. The Vanderbeeker children begin a variety of strategies to persuade "the Beiderman," to allow them to stay.
===''The Vanderbeekers and the Hidden Garden'' (2018)===
This installment takes place during the summer, six months after the events of the previous book. While Isa is away at camp, the rest of the Vanderbeeker children struggle with the summer heat. After their beloved neighbor Mr. Jeet suffers a stroke, the children plan to transform an abandoned lot on 141st Street into a garden that will welcome him home.
===''The Vanderbeekers to the Rescue'' (2019)===
During spring break the following year, the Vanderbeekers prepare for Isa's violin audition, Jessie's science fair project, Oliver's treehouse, Hyacinth's knitting project and Laney's gymnastics practice. When the children accidentally destroy Mrs. Vanderbeeker's baking business, they must race to fix their mistake, against the backdrop of a series of mysterious packages arriving at the door.
===''The Vanderbeekers Lost and Found'' (2020)===
During the fall, the Vanderbeekers help Mr. Beiderman train for the [[New York City Marathon]] and plan a neighborhood [[fun run]]. The plot moves into action when they discover the true identity of the mysterious person living in the community garden.
===''The Vanderbeekers Make a Wish'' (2021)===
The following summer, the Vanderbeekers prepare for Mr. Vanderbeeker's surprise 40th birthday party. But after he leaves town to help a good friend, the Vanderbeeker children find surprise guests at the brownstone and learn more than they knew about their paternal grandfather.
===''The Vanderbeekers on the Road'' (2022)===
Immediately following the events of the previous book, the Vanderbeekers, Mr. Beiderman, and their friend Orlando set out on a road trip to pick up Mr. Vanderbeeker in the Midwest and surprise him with a birthday trip to the Pacific Coast. The Vanderbeeker family endure breakdowns, make new friends while camping and see America, all while Jessie and Orlando keep a secret about their future plans.
===''The Vanderbeekers Ever After'' (2023)===
During the fall after their road trip, amid preparations for the wedding of two dear friends, one of the Vanderbeeker children receives a cancer diagnosis. The family rises to the challenge, befriending patients, staff and parents at the hospital whiles supporting their sick family member.
==Influences==
[[File:Karina Yan Glaser 5190349.jpg|thumb|right|Karina Yan Glaser speaks about ''The Vanderbeekers'' at the 2018 [[Gaithersburg Book Festival]].]]
Among works that Glaser has said influenced ''The Vanderbeekers'' are Enright's Melendy family books, Taylor's ''All-of-a-Kind Family'' series, [[Eleanor Estes]]' ''[[The Moffats]]'', ''[[A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (novel)|A Tree Grows in Brooklyn]]'', ''[[From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler]]''.<ref name="PW-2023-QA" /><ref name="TB-Glaser">{{cite news |last1=Glaser |first1=Karina Yan |title=Classic Books That Inspired The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street |url=https://forum.teachingbooks.net/2017/10/guest-blogger-karina-yan-glaser/ |access-date=12 August 2024 |work=The TeachingBooks Blog |date=October 9, 2017}}</ref>
==Reception==
''The Vanderbeekers'' books have been well-reviewed. In ''The New York Times Book Review'', Jennifer Hubert Swan called the first installment "a warmhearted, multiracial update to the classic big-family novel." She also praised Glaser's decision to "preserve the winsome tone and innocence of the aforementioned classics while updating them with a rich, modern diversity of characters, settings and problems," without resorting to "labeling the cultural or ethnic backgrounds of her characters outright." Instead, Swan writes, "Glaser plants subtle hints in dialogue, descriptions and names that could suggest a number of possibilities. For example, while we learn that the Vanderbeekers are 'a biracial family,' Glaser never explicitly says which races. Instead she sticks to eye color, foot size and hair: 'Isa inherited her mother’s stick-straight black hair, which Isa always wore in a sleek ponytail'; her twin, Jessie, has 'Papa’s wild, untamable hair.' Oliver has 'Mama’s dark eyes' while Hyacinth got 'Papa’s large feet.' This technique allows an array of young readers to come to the text and see themselves, their families and friends."<ref name="NYT-Swan" />
In 2019, reviewing ''The Vanderbeekers to the Rescue'', Swan described the book as "almost a case study in why these kinds of series are so captivating for young readers: Above all, while the happy ending might be a foregone conclusion, there is great satisfaction in seeing how their favorite characters untangle the knot this time."<ref name="NYT-Swan-2019">{{cite news |last1=Swan |first1=Jennifer Hubert |title=Kids Love Multi-Volume Series About Big Families. No Wonder. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/05/books/review/vanderbeekers-to-the-rescue-karina-yan-glaser.html?searchResultPosition=1 |access-date=12 August 2024 |work=New York Times |date=November 5, 2019}}</ref>
''The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street'' was listed as one of ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'''s notable children's books for 2017.<ref name="NYTBR">{{cite news |title=Notable Children’s Books of 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/27/books/review/notable-childrens-books-2017.html |access-date=10 August 2024 |work=The New York Times Book Review |date=November 27, 2017}}</ref> ''The Vanderbeekers and the Hidden Garden'' reached ninth on the [[The New York Times Best Seller list|New York Times Best Seller list]] for middle-grade children's books in October 2018.<ref name="NYT-Bestseller">{{cite news |title=Children’s Middle Grade Hardcover |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2018/10/14/childrens-middle-grade-hardcover/ |access-date=12 August 2024 |work=New York Times |date=October 14, 2018}}</ref>
==Adaptation==
In 2018, [[Amy Poehler]]'s production company [[Option (filmmaking)|optioned]] ''The Vanderbeekers of 141st Street'' for film or television adaptation.<ref name="Variety">{{cite news |last1=Kroll |first1=Justin |title=Amy Poehler’s Production Company Options Rights to ‘Vanderbeekers of 141st Street’ (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/amy-poehler-vanderbeekers-of-141st-street-1202893416/ |access-date=10 August 2024 |work=Variety |date=August 2, 2018}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Portal|Children's literature}}
* [https://www.harpercollins.com/collections/books-series-the-vanderbeekers Publisher's webpage]
* [https://www.karinaglaser.com/vanderbeekers Author's webpage]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vanderbeekers, The}}
[[Category:Book series introduced in 2017]]
[[Category:American children's book series]]
| 1,263,413,787
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[{"title": "The Vanderbeekers", "data": {"Author": "Karina Yan Glaser", "Illustrator": "Karina Yan Glaser", "Cover artist": "Karl James Mountford", "Language": "English", "Genre": "Children's literature", "Publisher": "Clarion Books", "Published": "2017\u20132023", "No. of books": "7", "Website": "harpercollins.com/collections/books-series-the-vanderbeekers"}}]
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# Beaverhead–Deerlodge National Forest
The Beaverhead–Deerlodge National Forest is the largest of the National Forests in Montana, United States. Covering 3.36 million acres (13,600 km2), the forest is broken into nine separate sections and stretches across eight counties in the southwestern area of the state. President Theodore Roosevelt named the two forests in 1908 and they were merged in 1996. Forest headquarters are located in Dillon, Montana. In Roosevelt's original legislation, the Deerlodge National Forest was called the Big Hole Forest Reserve. He created this reserve because the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, based in Butte, Montana, had begun to clearcut the upper Big Hole River watershed. The subsequent erosion, exacerbated by smoke pollution from the Anaconda smelter, was devastating the region. Ranchers and conservationists alike complained to Roosevelt, who made several trips to the area.
(Munday 2001)
The greatest part of the Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness is located in the larger Beaverhead National Forest portion of 2,130,671 acres (8,622.52 km2), which is 64% of the total area of the forest. The rest of this wilderness extends into the neighboring Deerlodge and Bitterroot National Forests. The Beaverhead section includes most of the Pioneer, Gravelly, and Sapphire Ranges. Both the Centennial and Bitterroot mountain ranges are also located here, with the Continental divide found in the Bitterroot range. Lemhi Pass, at an elevation 7,323 feet (2,232 m) above sea level, is a rounded saddle in the Beaverhead Mountains of the Bitterroot Range, along the Continental Divide, between Montana and Idaho. Here, in 1805, the Lewis and Clark Expedition first saw the headwaters of the Columbia River, which flow to the Pacific Ocean, and crossed what was then the western boundary of the United States. Lemhi Pass was the point at which the members of the expedition realized that there was not a waterway that would lead from east to west across the continent. Lemhi Pass was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. The Lee Metcalf Wilderness, in the Madison mountain range, is a part of what is known as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. However, most of the Lee Metcalf lies in neighboring Gallatin National Forest. The Beaverhead section lies, in descending order of land area, in parts of Beaverhead, Madison, Deer Lodge, and Silver Bow counties. There are local ranger district offices located in Dillon, Ennis, Wisdom, and Wise River.
The smaller Deerlodge National Forest portion of 1,227,155 acres (4,966.12 km2), at 37% of the total area of the forest, encompasses much of the Tobacco Root Mountains and Flint Creek Range and parts of the Elkhorn Mountains; it straddles the Continental Divide in the Boulder and Highland Mountains. A number of ghost towns serve as reminders of the extensive mining history of the region. The Deerlodge portion of the forest, located northwest of the Beaverhead portion, lies in sections of Granite, Jefferson, Silver Bow, Deer Lodge, Powell, and Madison counties. There are local ranger district offices located in Butte, Philipsburg, and Whitehall.
Ponderosa pine, and various species of fir, spruce and juniper are the dominant tree species. Almost a third of the forest lands have no forest at all, and are instead rangeland with sagebrush, grass and the occasional cactus. The forest is also home to grizzly bear, cougar, Canadian lynx, bald eagle, bull trout, Arctic grayling, and gray wolf, the latter being a migrant from northern Montana and the Yellowstone wolf reintroduction program in Wyoming. Elk, mule deer, moose, bighorn sheep, pronghorn, coyote, and black bear are more commonly seen.
The highest mountains in the forest top out at over 11,000 feet (3,400 m). The Continental Divide National Scenic Trail and the Nez Perce National Historical Trail both pass through sections of the forest. In total, there are over 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of hiking trails, 50 campgrounds, dozens of lake and river boating access points and even 250 miles (400 km) of groomed snowmobile trails.
Forest Service offices administering the National Forest are in Butte, Dillon (which is the headquarters location), Philipsburg, Deer Lodge, Whitehall, Boulder, Ennis, Sheridan, Wise River, Wisdom, and Lima. Interstate 15 and Interstate 90, Montana Highway 43 and Montana Highway 278, and the Pioneer Mountains Scenic Byway all provide access to forest service roads, trailheads and local communities near the forest.
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Beaverhead–Deerlodge National Forest
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{{Short description|National Forests in Montana, United States}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2010}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Beaverhead–Deerlodge National Forest
| map = USA
| relief = 1
| map_caption =
| photo = Lemhi Pass.jpg
| photo_caption = Lemhi Pass in the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest
| location = [[Montana]], [[United States|USA]]
| nearest_city = [[Butte, Montana|Butte, MT]]
| coordinates = {{coord|46|08|N|112|50|W|display=inline, title}}
| area_acre = 3,357,826
| area_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Land Areas of the National Forest System |publisher=U.S. Forest Service |date=January 2012 |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/LAR2011/LAR2011_Book_A5.pdf |access-date=June 24, 2012}}</ref>
| established = 1905
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[United States Forest Service|U.S. Forest Service]]
| website = [http://www.fs.usda.gov/r01/beaverhead-deerlodge Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest]
}}
{{maplink|frame=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=3|text=Interactive map of Beaverhead–Deerlodge National Forest}}
The '''Beaverhead–Deerlodge National Forest''' is the largest of the [[United States National Forest|National Forests]] in [[Montana]], United States. Covering {{convert|3.36|e6acre|km2}}, the forest is broken into nine separate sections and stretches across eight counties in the southwestern area of the state. [[U.S. President|President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]] named the two forests in 1908 and they were merged in 1996. Forest headquarters are located in [[Dillon, Montana]]. In Roosevelt's original legislation, the Deerlodge National Forest was called the Big Hole Forest Reserve. He created this reserve because the [[Anaconda Copper Mining Company]], based in [[Butte, Montana]], had begun to clearcut the upper [[Big Hole River]] watershed. The subsequent erosion, exacerbated by smoke pollution from the Anaconda smelter, was devastating the region. Ranchers and conservationists alike complained to Roosevelt, who made several trips to the area.
(Munday 2001)
The greatest part of the [[Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness]] is located in the larger '''Beaverhead National Forest''' portion of {{convert|2130671|acre|km2}}, which is 64% of the total area of the forest. The rest of this wilderness extends into the neighboring Deerlodge and [[Bitterroot National Forest]]s.<ref>[http://www.wilderness.net/index.cfm?fuse=NWPS&sec=acreage&WID=10 Anaconda Pintler Wilderness acreage breakdown, Wilderness.net]</ref> The Beaverhead section includes most of the [[Pioneer Mountains (Montana)|Pioneer]], [[Gravelly Range|Gravelly]], and [[Sapphire Mountains|Sapphire]] Ranges. Both the [[Centennial Mountains|Centennial]] and [[Bitterroot Range|Bitterroot mountain range]]s are also located here, with the [[Continental divide]] found in the Bitterroot range. [[Lemhi Pass]], at an elevation {{convert|7,323|ft|m}} above [[sea level]], is a rounded saddle in the [[Beaverhead Mountains]] of the Bitterroot Range, along the Continental Divide, between Montana and [[Idaho]]. Here, in 1805, the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] first saw the headwaters of the [[Columbia River]], which flow to the [[Pacific Ocean]], and crossed what was then the western boundary of the United States. Lemhi Pass was the point at which the members of the expedition realized that there was not a waterway that would lead from east to west across the continent. Lemhi Pass was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1960. The [[Lee Metcalf Wilderness]], in the [[Madison Range|Madison mountain range]], is a part of what is known as the [[Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem]]. However, most of the Lee Metcalf lies in neighboring [[Gallatin National Forest]].<ref>[http://www.wilderness.net/index.cfm?fuse=NWPS&sec=acreage&WID=316 Lee Metcalf Wilderness acreage breakdown, Wilderness.net]</ref> The Beaverhead section lies, in descending order of land area, in parts of [[Beaverhead County, Montana|Beaverhead]], [[Madison County, Montana|Madison]], [[Deer Lodge County, Montana|Deer Lodge]], and [[Silver Bow County, Montana|Silver Bow]] counties. There are local [[National Park Ranger|ranger]] district offices located in [[Dillon, Montana|Dillon]], [[Ennis, Montana|Ennis]], [[Wisdom, Montana|Wisdom]], and [[Wise River, Montana|Wise River]].
The smaller '''Deerlodge National Forest''' portion of {{convert|1227155|acre|km2}}, at 37% of the total area of the forest, encompasses much of the [[Tobacco Root Mountains]] and [[Flint Creek Range]] and parts of the [[Elkhorn Mountains]]; it straddles the Continental Divide in the [[Boulder Mountains (Montana)|Boulder]] and [[Highland Mountains]]. A number of [[ghost town]]s serve as reminders of the extensive [[mining]] history of the region. The Deerlodge portion of the forest, located northwest of the Beaverhead portion, lies in sections of [[Granite County, Montana|Granite]], [[Jefferson County, Montana|Jefferson]], [[Silver Bow County, Montana|Silver Bow]], [[Deer Lodge County, Montana|Deer Lodge]], [[Powell County, Montana|Powell]], and [[Madison County, Montana|Madison]] counties. There are local [[National Park Ranger|ranger]] district offices located in [[Butte, Montana|Butte]], [[Philipsburg, Montana|Philipsburg]], and [[Whitehall, Montana|Whitehall]].
[[Ponderosa pine]], and various species of [[fir]], [[spruce]] and [[juniper]] are the dominant tree species. Almost a third of the forest lands have no forest at all, and are instead rangeland with [[sagebrush]], [[grass]] and the occasional [[cactus]]. The forest is also home to [[grizzly bear]], [[cougar]], [[Canada lynx|Canadian lynx]], [[bald eagle]], [[bull trout]], [[Arctic grayling]], and [[gray wolf]], the latter being a migrant from northern Montana and the Yellowstone wolf reintroduction program in Wyoming. [[Rocky Mountain elk|Elk]], [[mule deer]], [[moose]], [[bighorn sheep]], [[pronghorn]], [[coyote]], and [[American black bear|black bear]] are more commonly seen.
The highest mountains in the forest top out at over {{convert|11,000|ft|m}}. The [[Continental Divide National Scenic Trail]] and the [[Nez Perce National Historical Trail]] both pass through sections of the forest. In total, there are over {{convert|1,500|mi|km}} of [[hiking]] [[trail]]s, 50 [[campground]]s, dozens of [[lake]] and [[river]] [[boat]]ing access points and even {{convert|250|mi|km}} of groomed [[snowmobile]] trails.
Forest Service offices administering the National Forest are in [[Butte, Montana|Butte]], [[Dillon, Montana|Dillon]] (which is the headquarters location), [[Philipsburg, Montana|Philipsburg]], [[Deer Lodge, Montana|Deer Lodge]], [[Whitehall, Montana|Whitehall]], [[Boulder, Montana|Boulder]], [[Ennis, Montana|Ennis]], [[Sheridan, Montana|Sheridan]], Wise River, [[Wisdom, Montana|Wisdom]], and [[Lima, Montana|Lima]]. [[Interstate 15 in Montana|Interstate 15]] and [[Interstate 90 (Montana)|Interstate 90]], [[Montana Highway 43]] and [[Montana Highway 278]], and the [[Pioneer Mountains Scenic Byway]] all provide access to forest service roads, trailheads and local communities near the forest.
[[File:BeaverheadDeerlodgeNFMap.jpg|thumb|center|A map of Beaverhead–Deerlodge National Forest|alt=A map of Beaverhead–Deerlodge National Forest with ranger districts and surrounding forests labelled]]
{{Clear}}
== See also==
{{Commons category|Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest}}
*[[List of national forests of the United States]]
*[[Big Hole River]]
*[[Butte, Montana]]
* [[List of forests in Montana]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Pat Munday]] 2001. ''Montana's Last Best River: The Big Hole River and its People'' (Lyons Press).
==External links==
* {{cite web | last = U.S. Forest Service | url = http://www.fs.fed.us/r1/b-d | title = Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest | access-date = 2006-07-08 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060703212517/http://www.fs.fed.us/r1/b-d| archive-date= 3 July 2006 | url-status= live}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NNoDAAAAMBAJ&q=586 "1922 Inn in Deer Lodge Nat. Park, Nine Miles From Butte, Mont."] Popular Mechanics, Oct 1922, p. 586.
{{Protected Areas of Montana}}
{{National Forests of the United States}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest}}
[[Category:National forests of Montana]]
[[Category:National forests of the Rocky Mountains]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Beaverhead County, Montana]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Madison County, Montana]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Deer Lodge County, Montana]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Silver Bow County, Montana]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Granite County, Montana]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Jefferson County, Montana]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Powell County, Montana]]
[[Category:Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest| ]]
[[Category:1908 establishments in Montana]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1908]]
| 1,297,835,662
|
[{"title": "Beaverhead\u2013Deerlodge National Forest", "data": {"Location": "Montana, USA", "Nearest city": "Butte, MT", "Coordinates": "46\u00b008\u2032N 112\u00b050\u2032W\ufeff / \ufeff46.133\u00b0N 112.833\u00b0W", "Area": "3,357,826 acres (13,588.64 km2)", "Established": "1905", "Governing body": "U.S. Forest Service", "Website": "Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest"}}]
| false
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# Matt Biondi
Matthew Nicholas Biondi (born October 8, 1965) is an American former competitive swimmer and water polo player. As a swimmer, he is an eleven-time Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder in five events. Biondi competed in the Summer Olympic Games in 1984, 1988 and 1992, winning a total of eleven medals (eight gold, two silver and one bronze). During his career, he set three individual world records in the 50-meter freestyle and four in the 100-meter freestyle.
At the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Biondi won five gold medals, setting world records in the 50-meter freestyle and three relay events.
Biondi is a member of the International Swimming Hall of Fame and the United States Olympic Hall of Fame.
## Early life and athletics
Biondi started his aquatics career as a swimmer and water polo player in his hometown of Moraga, California. As he moved into his teens, his incredible abilities as a sprint swimmer began to emerge. Though he did not start swimming year-round until he started at Campolindo High School, by his senior year in 1983 Biondi was the top prep sprinter in America with a national high school record of 20.40 seconds in the 50-yard freestyle.
## College and international career
### 1983–84 freshman year
Biondi accepted a scholarship to attend the University of California, Berkeley, to swim under Head Coach Nort Thornton and play water polo for coach Pete Cutino, and enrolled in fall of 1983. In his first year, he played on Berkeley's NCAA championship water polo team, and made the consolation finals at the 1984 NCAA Swimming Championships, finishing in ninth place in the 50-yard freestyle and 7th place in both the 100 and 200-yard freestyle events (until 1985 only the top six swimmers advanced to the championship finals) along with a fourth-place finish as part of the 400-yard freestyle relay and a second place in the 800 free relay.
### 1984 Olympics
In the summer of 1984, Biondi surprised the swimming community by qualifying for a spot on the United States 4×100-meter freestyle relay at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics with his fourth-place finish in the 100-meter freestyle at the Olympic Trials held in Indianapolis. He also finished 18th in the preliminaries of the 200-meter freestyle, failing to advance to the finals. At the Los Angeles Olympics, Biondi swam the third leg of the relay, entering the water in second place just barely behind the team from Australia. Thanks to his 49.67 second split time, the U.S. had taken a four-tenths of a second lead by the time that Biondi turned over the race to anchor swimmer Rowdy Gaines. The U.S. won the gold medal in Olympic and World Record time.
### Post-Olympics NCAA swimming and water polo
In 1985, fresh off of his 1984 Olympics success, Biondi won the 100 and 200-yard freestyle events at the NCAA Championships, setting NCAA and American Records in each event, and contributed relay legs on Cal's victorious 400 and 800-yard freestyle relays, with the 400 free relay team also setting NCAA and American records. He finished second to Tom Jager of UCLA in the 50-yard freestyle and was part of Cal's second place 400-yard medley relay team. Thanks in large part to Biondi's efforts, the Cal team finished fourth overall in the team standings.
The next season, 1986, Biondi swept the sprint freestyles, repeating his 1985 victories in the 100 and 200, and adding a win in the 50 with new NCAA and American records in the event. Cal once again finished first in the 400 and 800 free relays with Biondi anchoring both, but once again fell short in the 400 medley relay finishing third. By virtue of his three individual victories, Biondi tied with Stanford's Pablo Morales for high-point scorer in the meet in which Cal finished runner-up to Stanford for the team title.
In his final collegiate season, 1987, Biondi repeated as winner in the 50, 100, and 200-yard freestyle events, breaking his own NCAA and American records in all three. Having broken the 50 free record in both his preliminary heat and again in the final, he became the first swimmer to break four individual NCAA and American records in the same meet. Once again Cal repeated as champions in the 400 and 800 freestyle relays, yet again they finished third in the 400 medley relay, and for the second straight year Biondi shared the high-point individual title with Morales. The Bears finished fifth in the team standings. For his career, Biondi won eight individual NCAA titles and swam on six winning relays. He broke individual NCAA and American records seven times, and was named the NCAA Swimmer of the Year in 1985, 1986, and 1987.
In his other sport, Biondi was named to an All-American College Water Polo team four times: a third-team selection in 1983, 1985, and 1987, and a second-team selection in 1984. Biondi's Cal Water Polo teams won NCAA Championships in 1983, 1984, and 1987, and Biondi was voted the team's most valuable player in 1985.
### International swimming, 1985–88
Biondi set the first of his twelve individual swimming world records in 1985. He was the first man to swim the 100-meter freestyle faster than 49 seconds, and by 1988 he owned the ten fastest times swum in that event and held the world record for nearly nine years. He won a total 24 U.S. Championships in the 50, 100, and 200-meter freestyle events, as well as the 100 butterfly. In two World Championships (1986 and 1991), Biondi won 11 medals including six gold. During his career, he was a finalist for the James E. Sullivan Award, the UPI Sportsman of the Year, the U.S. Olympic Committee Sportsman of the Year, and selected twice as the Swimming World magazine Male Swimmer of the World, in 1986 and 1988.
At the National Championships on August 6, 1985, Biondi set the world record in the 100-meter freestyle twice in a single day, swimming a 49.24 in the prelims and a 48.95 in the finals. On the following day, he won the 200-meter freestyle with an American record time of 1:47.89.
Later that month at the 1985 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Tokyo, Biondi won the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyle, and finished second to teammates Mike Heath and Pablo Morales, respectively, in the 200-meter freestyle and 100-meter butterfly. He won three additional gold medals as a member of all three winning American relay teams. The 4×100-meter free relay team of Scott McCadam, Mike Heath, Paul Wallace, and Biondi set a world record of 3:17.08, and the 4×100-meter medley relay team of Rick Carey, John Moffet, Pablo Morales, and Biondi set a world record of 3:38.28.
Biondi improved his world record in the 100-meter freestyle to 48.74 in June 1986 at the World Championship Trials.
At the 1986 World Aquatics Championships in Madrid, Biondi won seven medals: three gold, one silver, and three bronze. He won gold in the 100-meter freestyle with a time of 48.94, breaking the 49-second barrier for the third time. Individually, he also won a silver medal in the 100-meter butterfly, and bronze medals in the 50-meter and 200-meter freestyle. He won two additional gold medals as a member of the 4×100-meter freestyle and 4×100-meter medley relays, and a third bronze medal as a member of the 4×200-meter freestyle relay.
Returning to the US National Team for the fourth consecutive year, Biondi won four gold medals at the 1987 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Brisbane, Australia, in the 100-meter freestyle and as a member of all three winning American relay teams. In addition, he won silver in the 50-meter freestyle and bronze in the 100-meter butterfly.
At the 1988 Olympic Trials, Biondi qualified to compete in seven events: the three relays, and individually in the 50-, 100-, and 200-meter freestyle and the 100-meter butterfly. He set the world record in the 100-meter freestyle for the fourth time (48.42), and broke his own American record in the 200-meter freestyle (1:47.72).
### 1988 Olympics
Biondi won five gold, one silver, and one bronze medal at the 1988 Seoul Olympics, setting four world records and an Olympic record.
In his first event, the 200-meter freestyle, Biondi faced reigning Olympic Champion, World Champion, and world record-holder Michael Gross. Biondi swam a good race, with a time of 1:47.99, but finished with a bronze medal behind Australian Duncan Armstrong, who won gold with a new world record, and Anders Holmertz of Sweden, who earned the silver.
Biondi's finished second in his next event, the 100-meter butterfly, by the narrowest possible margin. In the finals, he was caught between strokes as he approached the finishing wall. He chose to glide rather than take another stroke, and was edged out by Anthony Nesty of Suriname by just one one-hundredth (0.01) of a second. Biondi's silver medal time of 53.01 was a personal best.
Later that day, Biondi anchored the 4×200-meter freestyle relay, joined by teammates Troy Dalbey, Matt Cetlinski, and Doug Gjertsen. The American team won gold, setting a world record of 7:12.51. Biondi entered the water with the U.S. team in second place .82 seconds behind the East German team, but passed them by swimming the fastest split time of the race with a 1:46.44, which at the time was also the fastest ever 200 freestyle relay split. This started Biondi's remarkable streak of five gold medals in five days of Olympic swimming, each a world or Olympic record.
In the 100-meter freestyle, Biondi won his first individual Olympic gold, setting a new Olympic record of 48.63. This was the second-fastest 100-meter freestyle of all time, eclipsed only by Biondi's effort at the Olympic trials the prior month. Teammate Chris Jacobs won silver, delivering the first one-two finish for the American swim team at the 1988 Olympics.
Next up was the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, in which Biondi was joined by teammates Jacobs, Troy Dalbey, and Tom Jager. The American team won gold with another world record, 3:16.53, anchored by Biondi's blistering split of 47.81.
In his fourth individual event, Biondi faced Jager in the 50-meter freestyle. It was the Olympic debut of the event, in which both Biondi and Jager had previously set world records. It was another one-two finish for the Americans, with Biondi winning gold in a world-record time of 22.14, and Jager winning silver.
The Olympic swimming competition concluded with the 4×100-meter medley relay. Biondi swam the butterfly leg, joined by teammates David Berkoff (backstroke), Richard Schroeder (breaststroke), and Chris Jacobs (freestyle). The American men set another world record of 3:36.93 to complete their gold-medal sweep in the relays.
For his accomplishments in 1988, Biondi was named the United Press International Athlete of the Year, the US Olympic Committee Athlete of the Year, and the Swimming World Swimmer of the Year.
### 1992 Olympics
At the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Biondi won two more gold medals in relays and a silver in the 50-meter freestyle. Following the 1992 Olympics, Biondi retired, which he attributed to multiple factors including lack of financial assistance.
### World Championships
Biondi competed at the World Championships in 1986 and 1991, winning six gold medals.
In 1986, he won three gold medals, one silver and three bronzes to set a record of seven medals at one World Championship meet. This record has since been matched by Michael Phelps, and passed by Caeleb Dressel with eight medals.
## Personal life
Biondi graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1988 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Economy of Industrialized Societies (PEIS).
Biondi married Kirsten Metzger in her home state of Hawaii in 1995. They have three children: Nathaniel (Nate), born in 1998, who swam for the UC Berkeley men's swimming program from 2018–2021; Lucas, born in 2002; and Makena, born in 2007. They divorced in 2014. Kirsten still resides in Hawaii.
Kirsten Biondi persuaded her husband to continue his education, and he earned his master's degree in education in 2000 at Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon.
In recent years, Biondi has worked as a school teacher and swimming coach in Hawaii. As of 2012, he teaches math and coaches at Sierra Canyon School in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Chatsworth.
Biondi has become active within the masters swimming community, launching an annual masters competition that bears his name. The Matt Biondi Masters Classic was held for the first time on March 23, 2014, in Simi Valley, California. The competition is a one-day, short course yards meet held in conjunction with Biondi's masters club, the Conejo Valley Multisport Masters.
Matt Biondi is NOT related to famous Italian jazz, disco, funk and soul singer Mario Biondi.
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{{Short description|American swimmer (born 1965)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox swimmer
| name = Matt Biondi
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| fullname = Matthew Nicholas Biondi
| nicknames = "Matt," "The California Condor"
| national_team = United States
| strokes = [[Freestyle swimming|Freestyle]], [[butterfly swimming|butterfly]]
| club =
| collegeteam = [[California Golden Bears|University of California, Berkeley]]
| coach = [[Nort Thornton]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|10|8|mf=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2022/10/08/Famous-birthdays-for-Oct-8-Bella-Thorne-Chevy-Chase/4741665185464/|title=Famous birthdays for Oct. 8: Bella Thorne, Chevy Chase - UPI.com|website=UPI}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Moraga, California]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height = 6 ft 7 in
| weight = 209 lb
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport | Men's swimming}}
{{MedalCountry |{{USA}}}}
{{MedalCount
|[[Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]|8|2|1
|[[FINA World Aquatics Championships|World Championships (LC)]]|6|2|3
|[[Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|Pan Pacific Games]]|13|3|2
|[[Summer Universiade]]|4|1|0
|'''Total'''|'''31'''|'''8'''|'''6'''
}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Swimming at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}
[[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]]
{{MedalGold | [[Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Los Angeles]] | [[Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988 Seoul]] | [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre freestyle|50 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1988 Seoul | [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle|100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1988 Seoul | [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1988 Seoul | [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1988 Seoul | [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Barcelona]] | [[Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1992 Barcelona | [[Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver | 1988 Seoul | [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre butterfly|100 m butterfly]]}}
{{MedalSilver | 1992 Barcelona | [[Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre freestyle|50 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalBronze | 1988 Seoul | [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre freestyle|200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[FINA World Aquatics Championships|World Championships (LC)]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[1986 World Aquatics Championships|1986 Madrid]] | 100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1986 World Aquatics Championships|1986 Madrid]] | 4×100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1986 World Aquatics Championships|1986 Madrid]] | 4×100 m medley}}
{{MedalGold | [[1991 World Aquatics Championships|1991 Perth]] | 100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1991 World Aquatics Championships|1991 Perth]] | 4×100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1991 World Aquatics Championships|1991 Perth]] | 4×100 m medley}}
{{MedalSilver | [[1986 World Aquatics Championships|1986 Madrid]] | 100 m butterfly}}
{{MedalSilver | [[1991 World Aquatics Championships|1991 Perth]] | 50 m freestyle}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1986 World Aquatics Championships|1986 Madrid]] | 50 m freestyle}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1986 World Aquatics Championships|1986 Madrid]] | 200 m freestyle}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1986 World Aquatics Championships|1986 Madrid]] | 4×200 m freestyle}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|Pan Pacific Games]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[1985 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1985 Tokyo]] | 50 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1985 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1985 Tokyo]] | 100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1985 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1985 Tokyo]] | 4×200 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1985 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1985 Tokyo]] | 4×100 m medley}}
{{MedalGold | [[1987 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1987 Brisbane]] | 100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1987 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1987 Brisbane]] | 4×100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1987 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1987 Brisbane]] | 4×100 m medley}}
{{MedalGold | [[1987 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1987 Brisbane]] | 4×200 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1991 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1991 Brisbane]] | 100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1991 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1991 Brisbane]] | 4×100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[1991 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1991 Brisbane]] | 4×100 m medley}}
{{MedalGold | [[1991 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1991 Brisbane]] | 100 m butterfly}}
{{MedalSilver | [[1985 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1985 Tokyo]] | 200 m freestyle}}
{{MedalSilver | [[1987 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1987 Brisbane]] | 50 m freestyle}}
{{MedalSilver | [[1991 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1991 Brisbane]] | 50 m freestyle}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1985 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1985 Tokyo]] | 100 m butterfly}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1987 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships|1987 Brisbane]] | 100 m butterfly}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Summer Universiade]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[Swimming at the 1985 Summer Universiade|1985 Kobe]] | 100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[Swimming at the 1985 Summer Universiade|1985 Kobe]] | 200 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[Swimming at the 1985 Summer Universiade|1985 Kobe]] | 4×100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold | [[Swimming at the 1985 Summer Universiade|1985 Kobe]] | 4×200 m freestyle}}
{{MedalSilver | [[Swimming at the 1985 Summer Universiade|1985 Kobe]] | 100 m butterfly}}
}}
'''Matthew Nicholas Biondi''' (born October 8, 1965) is an American former competitive swimmer and water polo player. As a swimmer, he is an eleven-time Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder in five events. Biondi competed in the [[Summer Olympic Games]] in [[Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984]], [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988]] and [[Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992]], winning a total of eleven medals (eight gold, two silver and one bronze). During his career, he set three individual world records in the 50-meter freestyle and four in the 100-meter freestyle.<ref name="ISHOF"/>
At the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Biondi won five gold medals, setting world records in the 50-meter freestyle and three relay events.<ref name="ISHOF"/>
Biondi is a member of the [[International Swimming Hall of Fame]] and the [[United States Olympic Hall of Fame]].<ref name="ISHOF"/>
== Early life and athletics ==
Biondi started his aquatics career as a swimmer and [[water polo]] player in his hometown of [[Moraga, California]].<ref name="ISHOF">{{cite web |title=Matt Biondi (USA): 1997 Honor Swimmer |url=http://www.ishof.org/matt-biondi.html |website=ISHOF.org |publisher=[[International Swimming Hall of Fame]] |access-date=November 20, 2016 |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224023732/http://ishof.org/matt-biondi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> As he moved into his teens, his incredible abilities as a sprint swimmer began to emerge. Though he did not start swimming year-round until he started at [[Campolindo High School]], by his senior year in 1983 Biondi was the top prep sprinter in America with a national high school record of 20.40 seconds in the 50-yard freestyle.<ref>Dell, Bill. "Nobody's Better Than Mission or Mercersburg (August 1983),''[[Swimming World]]'', p. 42.</ref>
== College and international career ==
=== 1983–84 freshman year ===
Biondi accepted a scholarship to attend the [[University of California, Berkeley]], to swim under Head Coach [[Nort Thornton]] and play water polo for coach [[Peter J. Cutino|Pete Cutino]], and enrolled in fall of 1983. In his first year, he played on Berkeley's [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] championship water polo team, and made the consolation finals at the 1984 NCAA Swimming Championships, finishing in ninth place in the 50-yard freestyle and 7th place in both the 100 and 200-yard freestyle events (until 1985 only the top six swimmers advanced to the championship finals) along with a fourth-place finish as part of the 400-yard freestyle relay and a second place in the 800 free relay.<ref>"For the Record" (May 1984). ''[[Swimming World]]'', p. 105.</ref><ref name="ISHOF"/>
=== 1984 Olympics ===
In the summer of 1984, Biondi surprised the swimming community by qualifying for a spot on the United States [[Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Men's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100-meter freestyle relay]] at the [[1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Los Angeles Olympics]] with his fourth-place finish in the 100-meter freestyle at the Olympic Trials held in Indianapolis. He also finished 18th in the preliminaries of the 200-meter freestyle, failing to advance to the finals.<ref>"Triumph and Tragedy (July 1984)." ''[[Swimming World]]'', pp, 44-67.</ref> At the Los Angeles Olympics, Biondi swam the third leg of the relay, entering the water in second place just barely behind the team from [[Australia at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Australia]]. Thanks to his 49.67 second split time, the U.S. had taken a four-tenths of a second lead by the time that Biondi turned over the race to anchor swimmer [[Rowdy Gaines]]. The U.S. won the gold medal in Olympic and World Record time.<ref>"Georges, Chris. "Men's 400 Free Relay (September 1984)." ''[[Swimming World]]'', p. 57.</ref><ref name="ISHOF"/>
=== Post-Olympics NCAA swimming and water polo ===
In 1985, fresh off of his 1984 Olympics success, Biondi won the 100 and 200-yard freestyle events at the NCAA Championships, setting NCAA and American Records in each event, and contributed relay legs on Cal's victorious 400 and 800-yard freestyle relays, with the 400 free relay team also setting NCAA and American records. He finished second to [[Tom Jager]] of UCLA in the 50-yard freestyle and was part of Cal's second place 400-yard medley relay team. Thanks in large part to Biondi's efforts, the Cal team finished fourth overall in the team standings.<ref>Muckenfuss, Mark. "The Fastest NCAAs Ever - Biondi Doubt (May 1985)." ''[[Swimming World]]'', pp, 20-9.</ref>
The next season, 1986, Biondi swept the sprint freestyles, repeating his 1985 victories in the 100 and 200, and adding a win in the 50 with new NCAA and American records in the event. Cal once again finished first in the 400 and 800 free relays with Biondi anchoring both, but once again fell short in the 400 medley relay finishing third. By virtue of his three individual victories, Biondi tied with Stanford's [[Pablo Morales]] for high-point scorer in the meet in which Cal finished runner-up to Stanford for the team title.<ref>Crouse, Karen. "United They Stood (May 1986)." ''[[Swimming World]]'', pp, 34-43.</ref>
In his final collegiate season, 1987, Biondi repeated as winner in the 50, 100, and 200-yard freestyle events, breaking his own NCAA and American records in all three. Having broken the 50 free record in both his preliminary heat and again in the final, he became the first swimmer to break four individual NCAA and American records in the same meet. Once again Cal repeated as champions in the 400 and 800 freestyle relays, yet again they finished third in the 400 medley relay, and for the second straight year Biondi shared the high-point individual title with Morales. The Bears finished fifth in the team standings.<ref>Muckenfuss, Mark. "A Year of Records (May 1987)." ''[[Swimming World]]'', pp, 24-39.</ref> For his career, Biondi won eight individual NCAA titles and swam on six winning relays. He broke individual NCAA and American records seven times, and was named the NCAA Swimmer of the Year in 1985, 1986, and 1987.<ref name="CalBears.com"/>
In his other sport, Biondi was named to an All-American College Water Polo team four times: a third-team selection in 1983, 1985, and 1987, and a second-team selection in 1984.<ref name="CWPA">{{cite web |title=Men's Varsity All-America |publisher=College Water Polo Association |url=https://collegiatewaterpolo.org/records/All-America/Men_Varsity_All-America/ |access-date=March 26, 2018}}</ref> Biondi's Cal Water Polo teams won NCAA Championships in 1983, 1984, and 1987, and Biondi was voted the team's most valuable player in 1985.<ref name="CalBears.com">{{cite web |title=2018 Men's Water Polo Record Book |publisher=CalBears.com |url=https://calbears.com/documents/2016/6/1/443134.pdf |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref>
=== International swimming, 1985–88 ===
Biondi set the first of his twelve individual swimming world records in 1985. He was the first man to swim the [[world record progression 100 metres freestyle|100-meter freestyle]] faster than 49 seconds, and by 1988 he owned the ten fastest times swum in that event and held the world record for nearly nine years. He won a total 24 U.S. Championships in the 50, 100, and 200-meter freestyle events, as well as the 100 butterfly. In two World Championships (1986 and 1991), Biondi won 11 medals including six gold. During his career, he was a finalist for the [[James E. Sullivan Award]], the [[UPI]] Sportsman of the Year, the [[U.S. Olympic Committee]] Sportsman of the Year, and selected twice as the ''[[Swimming World magazine]]'' Male Swimmer of the World, in 1986 and 1988.
At the National Championships on August 6, 1985, Biondi set the world record in the 100-meter freestyle twice in a single day, swimming a 49.24 in the prelims and a 48.95 in the finals.<ref>{{cite web | title = InterSportStats | url = https://intersportstats.com/events/1000001670}}</ref><ref name=recordprogressions>{{cite web | title = USA Swimming World/US Record Progressions | url = https://www.usaswimming.org/times/data-hub/record-progressions}}</ref> On the following day, he won the 200-meter freestyle with an American record time of 1:47.89.<ref name=recordprogressions/><ref>{{cite web | title = InterSportStats | url = https://intersportstats.com/events/1000001671}}</ref>
Later that month at the [[1985 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships]] in Tokyo, Biondi won the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyle, and finished second to teammates Mike Heath and Pablo Morales, respectively, in the 200-meter freestyle and 100-meter butterfly. He won three additional gold medals as a member of all three winning American relay teams. The 4×100-meter free relay team of Scott McCadam, Mike Heath, Paul Wallace, and Biondi set a world record of 3:17.08, and the 4×100-meter medley relay team of Rick Carey, John Moffet, Pablo Morales, and Biondi set a world record of 3:38.28.<ref>{{cite web | title = Results of the 1985 Pan Pacific | work = USA Swimming | date = August 19, 1985 | url = http://www.usaswimming.org/_Rainbow/Documents/b7bd5998-7397-422f-a483-1f2fd684a6e2/85_panpacs%5B1%5D.pdf | accessdate = May 20, 2024 | archive-date = November 8, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131108234951/http://www.usaswimming.org/_Rainbow/Documents/b7bd5998-7397-422f-a483-1f2fd684a6e2/85_panpacs%5B1%5D.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ishof.org/library/pdf/medalists.pdf ISHOF list with all medalists in Pan Pacific Championships history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010202854/http://www.ishof.org/library/pdf/medalists.pdf |date=2014-10-10 }}</ref>
Biondi improved his world record in the 100-meter freestyle to 48.74 in June 1986 at the World Championship Trials.<ref>"[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/06/25/Biondi-sets-100-meter-freestyle-record/4152520056000/ Biondi sets 100-meter freestyle record]," ''UPI'' (June 25, 1986)</ref>
At the [[1986 World Aquatics Championships]] in Madrid, Biondi won seven medals: three gold, one silver, and three bronze. He won gold in the 100-meter freestyle with a time of 48.94, breaking the 49-second barrier for the third time. Individually, he also won a silver medal in the 100-meter butterfly, and bronze medals in the 50-meter and 200-meter freestyle. He won two additional gold medals as a member of the 4×100-meter freestyle and 4×100-meter medley relays, and a third bronze medal as a member of the 4×200-meter freestyle relay.<ref name=5thfina>{{cite web | title = 5th Fina World Championships 1986 | url=https://www.worldaquatics.com/competitions/1086/5th-fina-world-championships-1986/results?disciplines=&event=c88a4ff5-d83d-48d3-9248-9f26568c9dd1}}</ref><ref name=1986worlds>{{cite web | title = 1986 World Championship Results | url=https://websitedevsa.blob.core.windows.net/sitefinity/docs/default-source/eventsdocuments/meet-results/international-event-results/world-championships/1986-world-championships.pdf?sfvrsn=cc322a32_4}}</ref>
Returning to the US National Team for the fourth consecutive year, Biondi won four gold medals at the [[1987 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships]] in Brisbane, Australia, in the 100-meter freestyle and as a member of all three winning American relay teams. In addition, he won silver in the 50-meter freestyle and bronze in the 100-meter butterfly.<ref>{{cite web | title = InterSportStats | url = https://intersportstats.com/competitions/3000000059}}</ref>
At the 1988 Olympic Trials, Biondi qualified to compete in seven events: the three relays, and individually in the 50-, 100-, and 200-meter freestyle and the 100-meter butterfly. He set the world record in the 100-meter freestyle for the fourth time (48.42), and broke his own American record in the 200-meter freestyle (1:47.72).<ref name="upi1988">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/08/11/Matt-Biondi-says-he-will-need-help-from-a/1866587275200/]," ''UPI'' (August 11, 1988)</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = InterSportStats | url = https://intersportstats.com/competitions/1000000108}}</ref>
=== 1988 Olympics ===
Biondi won five gold, one silver, and one bronze medal at the [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988 Seoul Olympics]], setting four world records and an Olympic record.
In his first event, the [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics - Men's 200 metre freestyle|200-meter freestyle]], Biondi faced reigning Olympic Champion, World Champion, and world record-holder [[Michael Gross (swimmer)|Michael Gross]]. Biondi swam a good race, with a time of 1:47.99, but finished with a bronze medal behind Australian [[Duncan Armstrong]], who won gold with a new world record, and [[Anders Holmertz]] of Sweden, who earned the silver.<ref name=fina1988>{{cite web | title = Olympic Games Seoul 1988 | url=https://www.worldaquatics.com/competitions/1083/olympic-games-seoul-1988/results?disciplines=&event=db8844a9-504a-4861-847f-a4dd984c165b}}</ref>
Biondi's finished second in his next event, the [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 metre butterfly|100-meter butterfly]], by the narrowest possible margin. In the finals, he was caught between strokes as he approached the finishing wall. He chose to glide rather than take another stroke, and was edged out by [[Anthony Nesty]] of [[Suriname]] by just one one-hundredth (0.01) of a second.<ref name="ISHOF"/> Biondi's silver medal time of 53.01 was a personal best.<ref name=fina1988/>
Later that day, Biondi anchored the [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics - Men's 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200-meter freestyle relay]], joined by teammates [[Troy Dalbey]], [[Matt Cetlinski]], and [[Doug Gjertsen]]. The American team won gold, setting a world record of 7:12.51. Biondi entered the water with the U.S. team in second place .82 seconds behind the East German team, but passed them by swimming the fastest split time of the race with a 1:46.44, which at the time was also the fastest ever 200 freestyle relay split.<ref name=fina1988/> This started Biondi's remarkable streak of five gold medals in five days of Olympic swimming, each a world or Olympic record.
In the [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 metre freestyle|100-meter freestyle]], Biondi won his first individual Olympic gold, setting a new Olympic record of 48.63. This was the second-fastest 100-meter freestyle of all time, eclipsed only by Biondi's effort at the Olympic trials the prior month. Teammate [[Chris Jacobs (swimmer)|Chris Jacobs]] won silver, delivering the first one-two finish for the American swim team at the 1988 Olympics.<ref name=fina1988/>
Next up was the [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics - Men's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100-meter freestyle relay]], in which Biondi was joined by teammates Jacobs, Troy Dalbey, and [[Tom Jager]]. The American team won gold with another world record, 3:16.53, anchored by Biondi's blistering split of 47.81.<ref name=fina1988/>
In his fourth individual event, Biondi faced Jager in the [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics - Men's 50 metre freestyle|50-meter freestyle]]. It was the Olympic debut of the event, in which both Biondi and Jager had previously set world records.<ref name=recordprogressions/> It was another one-two finish for the Americans, with Biondi winning gold in a world-record time of 22.14, and Jager winning silver.<ref name=fina1988/>
The Olympic swimming competition concluded with the [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics - Men's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100-meter medley relay]]. Biondi swam the butterfly leg, joined by teammates [[David Berkoff]] (backstroke), [[Richard Schroeder]] (breaststroke), and Chris Jacobs (freestyle). The American men set another world record of 3:36.93 to complete their gold-medal sweep in the relays.<ref name=fina1988/>
For his accomplishments in 1988, Biondi was named the [[United Press International Athlete of the Year Award|United Press International Athlete of the Year]], the [[USOC Athlete of the Year|US Olympic Committee Athlete of the Year]], and the [[List of Swimming World Swimmers of the Year|Swimming World Swimmer of the Year]].
=== 1992 Olympics ===
At the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Biondi won two more gold medals in relays and a silver in the 50-meter freestyle. Following the 1992 Olympics, Biondi retired, which he attributed to multiple factors including lack of financial assistance.<ref>{{cite news |title=#30 Most Swimfluential: Matt Biondi |url=https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/30mostswimfluential-matt-biondi/ |publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]] |date=July 28, 2015 |access-date=August 3, 2016}}</ref>
=== World Championships ===
Biondi competed at the [[FINA World Aquatics Championships|World Championships]] in 1986 and 1991, winning six gold medals.<ref name="ISHOF"/>
In 1986, he won three gold medals, one silver and three bronzes to set a record of seven medals at one World Championship meet.<ref name="ISHOF"/> This record has since been matched by [[Michael Phelps]], and passed by [[Caeleb Dressel]] with eight medals.
== Personal life ==
Biondi graduated from the [[University of California, Berkeley]], in 1988 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Economy of Industrialized Societies (PEIS).<ref name=Catching/>
Biondi married Kirsten Metzger in her home state of Hawaii in 1995. They have three children: Nathaniel (Nate), born in 1998, who swam for the UC Berkeley men's swimming program from 2018–2021; Lucas, born in 2002; and Makena, born in 2007. They divorced in 2014. Kirsten still resides in Hawaii.<ref name=Catching/>
Kirsten Biondi persuaded her husband to continue his education, and he earned his master's degree in education in 2000 at [[Lewis and Clark College]] in Portland, Oregon.<ref name=Catching>{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/olympics/2008/07/01/biondi.cuw/ |work=CNN |title=Sachin Shenolikar: Catching up with Matt Biondi - 2008 Olympics - SI.com |date=July 29, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805024807/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/olympics/2008/07/01/biondi.cuw/ |archive-date=August 5, 2012}}</ref>
In recent years, Biondi has worked as a school teacher and swimming coach in Hawaii. {{As of|2012}}, he teaches math and coaches at [[Sierra Canyon School]] in the Los Angeles neighborhood of [[Chatsworth, Los Angeles|Chatsworth]].<ref>Erik Boal, "[http://www.dailynews.com/sports/ci_20483669/chatter-sierra-canyon-hires-biondi-swim-coach Chatter: Sierra Canyon hires Biondi as swim coach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623033645/http://www.dailynews.com/sports/ci_20483669/chatter-sierra-canyon-hires-biondi-swim-coach |date=June 23, 2013 }}," ''Los Angeles Daily News'' (April 25, 2012). Retrieved October 10, 2012.</ref>
Biondi has become active within the masters swimming community, launching an annual masters competition that bears his name. The Matt Biondi Masters Classic was held for the first time on March 23, 2014, in Simi Valley, California. The competition is a one-day, short course yards meet held in conjunction with Biondi's masters club, the Conejo Valley Multisport Masters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/masters-swimmers-turn-fast-times-in-inaugural-matt-biondi-classic-ep-459022183-351422791.html |title=Masters swimmers turn fast times in inaugural Matt Biondi Classic |work=[[Ventura County Star]] |date=March 25, 2014 |access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref>
Matt Biondi is NOT related to famous Italian jazz, disco, funk and soul singer Mario Biondi.
== See also ==
{{Portal|Biography|Olympics}}
* [[Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame]]
* [[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists]]
* [[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games]]
* [[List of multiple Olympic medalists at a single Games]]
* [[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event]]
* [[List of multiple Summer Olympic medalists]]
* [[List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)]]
* [[List of University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
* [[List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (men)]]
* [[World record progression 50 metres freestyle]]
* [[World record progression 100 metres freestyle]]
* [[World record progression 4 × 100 metres freestyle relay]]
* [[World record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay]]
* [[World record progression 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{World Aquatics}}
* {{webarchive |title=Matt Biondi (USA) – Honor Swimmer profile at International Swimming Hall of Fame website |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224023732/http://ishof.org/matt-biondi.html |date=February 24, 2017 }}
* {{Team USA Hall of Fame|new_id=matt-biondi|old_id=Matt-Biondi|archive=20230720073221}}
* {{Olympedia|51266}}
* {{Olympics.com profile|matthew-biondi|Matthew Biondi|org_archive=20200920151522}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|rec}}
{{succession box
| before = <br>[[Tom Jager]]<br>[[Tom Jager]]
| title = [[World record progression 50 metres freestyle|Men's 50-meter freestyle<br>world record-holder (long course)]]
| years = June 26, 1986 – August 13, 1987<br>September 24, 1988 – August 20, 1989
| after = <br>[[Tom Jager]]<br>[[Tom Jager]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Rowdy Gaines]]
| title = [[World record progression 100 metres freestyle|Men's 100-meter freestyle<br>world record-holder (long course)]]
| years = August 6, 1985 – June 18, 1994
| after = [[Alexander Popov (swimmer)|Alexander Popov]]
}}
{{s-ach}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Swimming World Swimmers of the Year|''Swimming World''<br>World Swimmer of the Year]]
| before = <br>[[Michael Gross (swimmer)|Michael Gross]]<br>[[Tamás Darnyi]]
| after = <br>[[Tamás Darnyi]]<br>[[Mike Barrowman]]
| years = 1986<br>1988
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)|Ben Johnson]]
| title = [[United Press International Athlete of the Year Award#Male winners|United Press International<br>Athlete of the Year]]
| after = [[Boris Becker]]
| years = 1988
}}
{{s-sports|oly}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before= [[Carl Osburn]]}}
{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=[[United States at the Olympics|Most career Olympic medals<br>by an American]]|years= 1988–2004}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Jenny Thompson]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mark Spitz]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Carl Osburn]]}}
{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=[[United States at the Olympics|Most career Olympic medals<br>by an American man]]|years= 1988–2008}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Michael Phelps]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mark Spitz]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-end}}
{{Navboxes
|title=Matt Biondi – Navigation Templates
|list1=
{{Footer USA Swimming 1984 Summer Olympics}}
{{Footer USA Swimming 1988 Summer Olympics}}
{{Footer USA Swimming 1992 Summer Olympics}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions 50 m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions 100 m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions 4x100 m Freestyle Relay Men}}
{{Olympic Champions Swimming 4x200 m Men Freestyle Relay}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions 4x100 m Medley Relay Men}}
{{Footer World LC Champions 100m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer World LC Champions 4x100m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer World LC Champions 4x100m Medley Men}}
{{Footer Pan Pacific Champions 50m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer Pan Pacific Champions 100m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer Pan Pacific Champions 100m Butterfly Men}}
{{Footer Pan Pacific Champions 4x100m Medley Men}}
{{Footer Pan Pacific Champions 4x100m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer Pan Pacific Champions 4x200m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer Universiade Champions 100m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer Universiade Champions 200m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer Universiade Champions 4x100m Freestyle Men}}
{{Footer Universiade Champions 4x200m Freestyle Men}}
{{Pac-12 Conference Swimmer of the Year navbox}}
}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Biondi, Matt}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American male butterfly swimmers]]
[[Category:American male freestyle swimmers]]
[[Category:California Golden Bears men's swimmers]]
[[Category:World record setters in swimming]]
[[Category:Lewis & Clark College alumni]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in swimming]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for the United States in swimming]]
[[Category:People from Moraga, California]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Contra Costa County, California]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Summer World University Games medalists in swimming]]
[[Category:FISU World University Games gold medalists for the United States]]
[[Category:FISU World University Games silver medalists for the United States]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1985 Summer Universiade]]
[[Category:American people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportsmen]]
| 1,297,735,811
|
[{"title": "Matt Biondi", "data": {"Full name": "Matthew Nicholas Biondi", "Nickname(s)": "\"Matt,\" \"The California Condor\"", "National team": "United States", "Born": "October 8, 1965 \u00b7 Moraga, California, U.S.", "Height": "6 ft 7 in (201 cm)", "Weight": "209 lb (95 kg)"}}, {"title": "Sport", "data": {"Sport": "Swimming", "Strokes": "Freestyle, butterfly", "College team": "University of California, Berkeley", "Coach": "Nort Thornton"}}, {"title": "Representing United States", "data": {"Event": "1st \u00b7 2nd \u00b7 3rd", "Olympic Games": "8 \u00b7 2 \u00b7 1", "World Championships (LC)": "6 \u00b7 2 \u00b7 3", "Pan Pacific Games": "13 \u00b7 3 \u00b7 2", "Summer Universiade": "4 \u00b7 1 \u00b7 0", "Total": "31 \u00b7 8 \u00b7 6"}}, {"title": "Olympic Games", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["1984 Los Angeles \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m freestyle", "1988 Seoul \u00b7 50 m freestyle", "1988 Seoul \u00b7 100 m freestyle", "1988 Seoul \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m freestyle", "1988 Seoul \u00b7 4\u00d7200 m freestyle", "1988 Seoul \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m medley", "1992 Barcelona \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m freestyle", "1992 Barcelona \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m medley"], "Silver medal \u2013 second place": ["1988 Seoul \u00b7 100 m butterfly", "1992 Barcelona \u00b7 50 m freestyle"], "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": "1988 Seoul \u00b7 200 m freestyle"}}, {"title": "World Championships (LC)", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["1986 Madrid \u00b7 100 m freestyle", "1986 Madrid \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m freestyle", "1986 Madrid \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m medley", "1991 Perth \u00b7 100 m freestyle", "1991 Perth \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m freestyle", "1991 Perth \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m medley"], "Silver medal \u2013 second place": ["1986 Madrid \u00b7 100 m butterfly", "1991 Perth \u00b7 50 m freestyle"], "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": ["1986 Madrid \u00b7 50 m freestyle", "1986 Madrid \u00b7 200 m freestyle", "1986 Madrid \u00b7 4\u00d7200 m freestyle"]}}, {"title": "Pan Pacific Games", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["1985 Tokyo \u00b7 50 m freestyle", "1985 Tokyo \u00b7 100 m freestyle", "1985 Tokyo \u00b7 4\u00d7200 m freestyle", "1985 Tokyo \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m medley", "1987 Brisbane \u00b7 100 m freestyle", "1987 Brisbane \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m freestyle", "1987 Brisbane \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m medley", "1987 Brisbane \u00b7 4\u00d7200 m freestyle", "1991 Brisbane \u00b7 100 m freestyle", "1991 Brisbane \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m freestyle", "1991 Brisbane \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m medley", "1991 Brisbane \u00b7 100 m butterfly"], "Silver medal \u2013 second place": ["1985 Tokyo \u00b7 200 m freestyle", "1987 Brisbane \u00b7 50 m freestyle", "1991 Brisbane \u00b7 50 m freestyle"], "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": ["1985 Tokyo \u00b7 100 m butterfly", "1987 Brisbane \u00b7 100 m butterfly"]}}, {"title": "Summer Universiade", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["1985 Kobe \u00b7 100 m freestyle", "1985 Kobe \u00b7 200 m freestyle", "1985 Kobe \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m freestyle", "1985 Kobe \u00b7 4\u00d7200 m freestyle"], "Silver medal \u2013 second place": "1985 Kobe \u00b7 100 m butterfly"}}]
| false
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# West Beirut (film)
West Beirut (French: West Beyrouth (À l'abri les enfants); Arabic: بيروت الغربية (Bayrut El Gharbiyyeh)) is a 1998 Lebanese war comedy-drama film about the Lebanese Civil War, written and directed by Ziad Doueiri. The film was selected as the Lebanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
## Plot
In April 1975, a young Lebanese boy named Tarek witnesses a massacre of Palestinians by the Phalangists. Shortly thereafter, the civil war breaks out; Beirut is partitioned along a line separating the Muslim-Christian mixed West Beirut from the quasi-Christian East Beirut. After the line was created, Tarek is now considered to live in West Beirut, as he is Muslim himself and is in high school, making Super 8 movies with his friend, Omar. At first the war is a lark, Tarek’s school, situated in East Beirut, has closed and is no longer accessible to West Beirut residents, getting from West to East is nearly impossible. His mother wants to leave the country; but his father refuses. Tarek spends time with May, an orphaned Christian girl living in his building. By accident, Tarek goes to an infamous brothel in the war-torn Zeytouni Quarter, meeting its legendary madam, Oum Walid. He then takes Omar and May there. Family tensions rise. Later on and as he comes of age, the war moves inexorably from adventure to a nationwide tragedy. A compilation of films and images from the war plays, showing Yasser Arafat, the Israeli invasion, Hafez al-Assad, and the American intervention. The film ends with Tarek breaking down crying while listening to his father play the oud, and remembering the good times he had before the war.
## Cast
- Rami Doueiri as Tarek
- Mohamad Chamas as Omar
- Rola Al-Amin as May
- Carmen Lebbos as Hala, Tarek's mother
- Joseph Bou Nassar as Riad, Tarek's father
- Liliane Nemri as Nahida (a neighbor)
- Leïla Karam as Brothel Madam (Oum Walid)
- Hassan Farhat as Roadblock Militiaman
- Mahmoud Mabsout as Baker
- Fadi Abou Khalil as Bakery Militiaman
## Critical reception
The film has received critical acclaim since its release.
Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 94% based on 16 reviews.
Critic Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote a glowing review of the film stating "The film’s most resonant pleasure is the thrill Doueiri takes in ripping the veil off of contemporary Arab life... ”West Beirut” does meander a bit, yet it has a fractious, clear-eyed fusion of comedy, innocence, romance, and sudden danger."
## Awards
- Prix François Chalais at the Directors' fortnight of the Cannes Film Festival (1998)
- FIPRESCI International Critics' Award at the Toronto International Film Festival (1998)
- Best First Film at the Carthage Film Festival (1998)
- Youth Jury Award at the Valladolid International Film Festival (1998)
- SAA Script Award at the Fribourg International Film Festival (1999)
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West Beirut (film)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Beirut_(film)
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2025-06-29T22:56:30Z
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en
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Q1423485
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{{use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = West Beirut
| image = West Beirut.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ziad Doueiri]]
| producer =
| writer = Ziad Doueiri
| starring = Rami Doueiri<br />[[Mohamad Chamas]]<br />Rola Al Amin
| music = [[Stewart Copeland]]
| cinematography = [[Ricardo Jacques Gale]]
| editing = [[Dominique Marcombe]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|1998}}
| runtime = 105 minutes
| country = Lebanon
| language = [[Arabic language|Arabic]]<br>[[French language|French]]
| budget = $800,000 (estimated)
| gross =
}}
'''''West Beirut''''' ({{langx|fr|West Beyrouth (À l'abri les enfants)}}; {{langx|ar|بيروت الغربية}} ({{transliteration|ar|''Bayrut El Gharbiyyeh''}})) is a 1998 [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] [[War film|war]] [[comedy drama|comedy-drama film]] about the [[Lebanese Civil War]], written and directed by [[Ziad Doueiri]]. The film was selected as the Lebanese entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[71st Academy Awards]], but was not accepted as a nominee.<ref>Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</ref><ref name="71stSubmissions">{{cite web |title=45 Countries Submit Films for Oscar Consideration |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |date=19 November 1998 |url=//www.oscars.org/pressreleases/98.11.19.html |accessdate=20 October 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990219094343/http://www.oscars.org/pressreleases/98.11.19.html |archivedate=19 February 1999 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
==Plot==
In April 1975, a young Lebanese boy named Tarek witnesses a [[1975 Beirut bus massacre|massacre]] of [[Palestinians]] by the [[Kataeb Regulatory Forces|Phalangists]]. Shortly thereafter, the [[Lebanese Civil War|civil war]] breaks out; [[Beirut]] is partitioned along a [[Green Line (Lebanon)|line]] separating the [[Islam in Lebanon|Muslim]]-[[Christianity in Lebanon|Christian]] mixed [[Beirut|West Beirut]] from the quasi-Christian [[East Beirut canton|East Beirut]]. After the line was created, Tarek is now considered to live in West Beirut, as he is Muslim himself and is in high school, making Super 8 movies with his friend, Omar. At first the war is a lark, Tarek’s school, situated in East Beirut, has closed and is no longer accessible to West Beirut residents, getting from West to East is nearly impossible. His mother wants to leave the country; but his father refuses. Tarek spends time with May, an orphaned Christian girl living in his building. By accident, Tarek goes to an infamous brothel in the war-torn Zeytouni Quarter, meeting its legendary madam, Oum Walid. He then takes Omar and May there. Family tensions rise. Later on and as he comes of age, the war moves inexorably from adventure to a nationwide tragedy. A compilation of films and images from the war plays, showing [[Yasser Arafat]], the [[1982 Lebanon War|Israeli invasion]], [[Hafez al-Assad]], and the [[Multinational Force in Lebanon|American intervention]]. The film ends with Tarek breaking down crying while listening to his father play the oud, and remembering the good times he had before the war.
==Cast==
* Rami Doueiri as Tarek
* [[Mohamad Chamas]] as Omar
* Rola Al-Amin as May
* [[Carmen Lebbos]] as Hala, Tarek's mother
* [[Joseph Bou Nassar]] as Riad, Tarek's father
* [[Liliane Nemri]] as Nahida (a neighbor)
* [[Leïla Karam]] as Brothel Madam (Oum Walid)
* Hassan Farhat as Roadblock Militiaman
* [[Mahmoud Mabsout]] as Baker
* [[Fadi Abou Khalil]] as Bakery Militiaman
==Critical reception==
The film has received critical acclaim since its release.
[[Rotten Tomatoes]] gives a score of 94% based on 16 reviews.<ref name="tomatoes">{{Rotten Tomatoes|west_beirut|West Beirut}}</ref>
Critic [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote a glowing review of the film stating "The film’s most resonant pleasure is the thrill Doueiri takes in ripping the veil off of contemporary Arab life... ”West Beirut” does meander a bit, yet it has a fractious, clear-eyed fusion of comedy, innocence, romance, and sudden danger."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1999/09/10/west-beirut/|title=West Beirut|first=Owen|last=Gleiberman|date=10 September 1999|website=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>
==Awards==
* ''[[Prix François Chalais]]'' at the [[Directors' Fortnight|Directors' fortnight]] of the [[Cannes Film Festival]] (1998)
* ''FIPRESCI International Critics' Award'' at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] (1998)
* ''Best First Film'' at the [[Carthage Film Festival]] (1998)
* ''Youth Jury Award'' at the [[Valladolid International Film Festival]] (1998)
* ''SAA Script Award'' at the [[Fribourg International Film Festival]] (1999)
==See also==
* [[List of submissions to the 71st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]]
* [[List of Lebanese submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0157183|title=West Beirut}}
{{François Chalais Prize}}
{{Lebanese submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film}}
[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1990s war drama films]]
[[Category:1990s Arabic-language films]]
[[Category:Lebanese Civil War films]]
[[Category:Films set in 1975]]
[[Category:Films scored by Stewart Copeland]]
[[Category:Lebanese war drama films]]
[[Category:1998 drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ziad Doueiri]]
{{war-drama-film-stub}}
{{lebanon-film-stub}}
| 1,298,003,601
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[{"title": "West Beirut", "data": {"Directed by": "Ziad Doueiri", "Written by": "Ziad Doueiri", "Starring": "Rami Doueiri \u00b7 Mohamad Chamas \u00b7 Rola Al Amin", "Cinematography": "Ricardo Jacques Gale", "Edited by": "Dominique Marcombe", "Music by": "Stewart Copeland", "Release date": "- 1998", "Running time": "105 minutes", "Country": "Lebanon", "Languages": "Arabic \u00b7 French", "Budget": "$800,000 (estimated)"}}]
| false
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# Hydrangea serratifolia
Hydrangea serratifolia is a species of climbing flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae. It is native to Chile and Argentina.
In its natural habitat, it is parasitized by the gall-forming fungus Austrobasidium pehueldeni.
|
enwiki/25772052
|
enwiki
| 25,772,052
|
Hydrangea serratifolia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrangea_serratifolia
|
2025-06-09T15:55:55Z
|
en
|
Q5954284
| 40,454
|
{{short description|Species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae}}
{{speciesbox
|image = Hydrangea serratifolia (Inao Vásquez) 001.jpg
|genus = Hydrangea
|species = serratifolia
|authority = ([[William Jackson Hooker|Hook.]] & [[George Arnott Walker-Arnott|Arn.]]) [[Federico Philippi|F.Phil.]]
|synonyms =
{{Collapsible list |
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Cornidia integerrima'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
*''Hydrangea integerrima'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) Engl.</small>
*''Hydrangea scandens'' <small>Poepp.</small>
}}
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web
|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:791683-1 |title=''Hydrangea serratifolia'' (Hook. & Arn.) F.Phil. |work=Plants of the World Online
|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=November 10, 2023}}</ref>
}}
'''''Hydrangea serratifolia''''' is a species of climbing [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Hydrangeaceae]]. It is native to [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]].<ref>''Hydrangeas: a gardener's guide'' By Toni Lawson-Hall, Brian Rothera. Page 34. Timber Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0881926698}}/{{ISBN|9780881926699}}</ref>
In its natural habitat, it is parasitized by the gall-forming fungus ''[[Austrobasidium pehueldeni]].''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palfner |first=Götz |date=2006-10-19 |title=Austrobasidium, a new gall-forming genus of Exobasidiaceae (Exobasidiales, Basidiomycota) on Hydrangea serratifolia from Chile |url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/sb/SB05026 |journal=Australian Systematic Botany |language=en |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=431–436 |doi=10.1071/SB05026 |issn=1446-5701|url-access=subscription |hdl=10533/178201 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
==References==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5954284}}
[[Category:Hydrangea|serratifolia]]
[[Category:Flora of Chile]]
[[Category:Flora of Argentina]]
{{Cornales-stub}}
| 1,294,750,656
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Kingdom": "Plantae", "Clade": ["Tracheophytes", "Angiosperms", "Eudicots", "Asterids"], "Order": "Cornales", "Family": "Hydrangeaceae", "Genus": "Hydrangea", "Species": "H. serratifolia"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Hydrangea serratifolia \u00b7 (Hook. & Arn.) F.Phil."}}, {"title": "Synonyms", "data": {"Synonyms": "List - - Cornidia integerrima Hook. & Arn. - Hydrangea integerrima (Hook. & Arn.) Engl. - Hydrangea scandens Poepp."}}]
| false
|
# 1962 Pakistani general election
General elections were held in Pakistan on 28 March 1962. The National Assembly was elected indirectly by the basic democracy electoral college system. Political parties were banned and the elections were held on a non-partisan basis.
## Background
The National Assembly had been suspended in 1958 after President Iskandar Ali Mirza introduced martial law. A new constitution was adopted in 1962, which provided for an indirectly elected 156-seat National Assembly, of which 150 seats were elected from single-member constituencies by electoral colleges under the "basic democracy" system, and six seats reserved for women, who were elected by the 150 elected members. The seats were divided equally between East and West Pakistan. There were 80,000 members of the electoral college, also divided equally between the two wings.
## Campaign
A total of 610 candidates contested the 156 seats. Campaigning took place in male-dominated teashops and candidates' homes, often involving meals to attract voters.
## Aftermath
After the election of the 150 members, the six seats reserved for women were elected on 29 May. The newly elected National Assembly convened for its first meeting on 8 June. Martial law was ended, At the time, the political parties were banned and independent members of the National Assembly formed parliamentary group. The dominating group was Democratic group, led by Mohammad Ali Bogra, which was supported by 41 members. The group was supporter of president Ayub Khan. Another group with 21 members was led by Sardar Bahadur Khan. and political parties were allowed to reform after the passing of the Political Parties Bill on 17 July. After the bill was passed, Several groups including Democratic merged with newly-formed Convention Muslim League and gave the party 105 members. On the other hand, newly-formed Council Muslim League with 10 members gave support to the Pakistan People's group, the opposition group, which had 25 members.
|
enwiki/75860649
|
enwiki
| 75,860,649
|
1962 Pakistani general election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Pakistani_general_election
|
2025-05-03T03:43:13Z
|
en
|
Q124420652
| 104,840
|
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Pakistan
| type = parliamentary
| election_date = 28 March 1962
| seats_for_election = 150 of the 156 seats in the [[National Assembly (Pakistan)|National Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 76
| previous_election = 1955 Pakistani Constituent Assembly election
| previous_year = 1955
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 2nd Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
| next_election = 1965 Pakistani general election
| next_year = 1965
| elected_members = List of members of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mohammad Ali Bogra portrait (cropped).jpg|bSize=70|cWidth=70|cHeight=100|oLeft=|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]]
| leader_since1 = 1962
| colour1 = 008000
| party1 = [[Convention Muslim League|Democratic]]
| leaders_seat1 =
| last_election1 = ''New''
| seats1 = 41
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 41
| image2 =
| leader2 = [[Sardar Bahadur Khan]]
| leader_since2 = 1962
| colour2 = FFFFFF
| party2 = [[Council Muslim League|Opposition]]
| leaders_seat2 =
| last_election2 = ''New''
| seats2 = 21
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 21
| map =
| map_size = 350px
| title = [[President of Pakistan|Head of government]]
| before_election = [[Ayub Khan]]
| before_party = Martial law
| posttitle = [[President of Pakistan|Head of government]] after election
| after_election = [[Ayub Khan]]
| after_party = Independent
}}
{{Politics of Pakistan}}
General elections were held in [[Pakistan]] on 28 March 1962.<ref name=NA>{{cite web|url=https://na.gov.pk/en/content.php?id=75|title=Parliamentary history|website=National Assembly of Pakistan}}</ref> The [[National Assembly (Pakistan)|National Assembly]] was elected indirectly by the [[basic democracy]] [[Electoral College (Pakistan)|electoral college]] system. Political parties were banned and the elections were held on a non-partisan basis.<ref name=CYB/><ref name=HD/>
==Background==
The National Assembly had been suspended in 1958 after President [[Iskandar Ali Mirza]] introduced martial law. A [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1962|new constitution]] was adopted in 1962, which provided for an indirectly elected 156-seat National Assembly, of which 150 seats were elected from single-member constituencies by electoral colleges under the "[[basic democracy]]" system, and six seats reserved for women, who were elected by the 150 elected members. The seats were divided equally between [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]].<ref name=CYB/> There were 80,000 members of the electoral college, also divided equally between the two wings.<ref name=HD>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJfcCPUr0OoC&pg=PR54|title=Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh|author=Syedur Rahman|year=2010|page=liv|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7453-4 }}</ref>
==Campaign==
A total of 610 candidates contested the 156 seats.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2754129.pdf|title=The National Assembly of Pakistan Under the 1962 Constitution|author=M. Rashiduzzaman|journal=Pacific Affairs|volume=42|issue=4|date=1969–1970|pages=481–493|doi=10.2307/2754129 |jstor=2754129 }}</ref> Campaigning took place in male-dominated teashops and candidates' homes, often involving meals to attract voters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/archive/6872464/pakistan-the-basic-democrats/|title=Pakistan: The Basic Democrats|date=11 May 1962|website=Time}}</ref>
==Aftermath==
After the election of the 150 members, the six seats reserved for women were elected on 29 May.<ref name=NA/> The newly elected National Assembly convened for its first meeting on 8 June.<ref name=TK/> Martial law was ended,<ref name=CYB>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOqLi_6ER8IC&pg=PA289|title=The Commonwealth Relations Office Year Book, Volume 13|year=1964|pages=289–291}}</ref> At the time, the political parties were banned and independent members of the National Assembly formed parliamentary group. The dominating group was Democratic group, led by [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]], which was supported by 41 members. The group was supporter of president [[Ayub Khan]]. Another group with 21 members was led by [[Sardar Bahadur Khan]].<ref name=parliament>{{cite journal|title=The National Assembly of Pakistan under the 1962 Constitution|first=M.|last=Rashiduzzaman|page=487|volume=42|issue=4|year=1969|journal=Pacific Affairs|publisher=[[University of British Columbia]]|place=[[Vancouver]]}}</ref> and political parties were allowed to reform after the passing of the Political Parties Bill on 17 July.<ref name=TK>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/studies/PDF-FILES/Artical%20-%205.pdf|title=Electoral Politics in Pakistan (1955-1969)|author=Tahir Kamran|page=91}}</ref> After the bill was passed, Several groups including Democratic merged with newly-formed [[Convention Muslim League]] and gave the party 105 members. On the other hand, newly-formed [[Council Muslim League]] with 10 members gave support to the Pakistan People's group, the opposition group, which had 25 members.<ref name=parliament/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Pakistani elections}}
[[Category:1962 elections in Pakistan|General]]
[[Category:General elections in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1962 elections in Asia|Pakistan]]
[[Category:Non-partisan elections]]
[[Category:Indirect elections in Pakistan]]
| 1,288,514,757
|
[{"title": "1962 Pakistani general election", "data": {"\u2190 1955": "28 March 1962 \u00b7 1965 \u2192"}}, {"title": "150 of the 156 seats in the National Assembly \u00b7 76 seats needed for a majority", "data": {"Leader": "Mohammad Ali Bogra \u00b7 Sardar Bahadur Khan", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Opposition", "Leader since": "1962 \u00b7 1962", "Last election": "New \u00b7 New", "Seats won": "41 \u00b7 21", "Seat change": "41 \u00b7 21", "Head of government before election \u00b7 Ayub Khan \u00b7 Martial law": "Head of government after election \u00b7 Ayub Khan \u00b7 Independent"}}]
| false
|
# MFC Lokomotyv Kharkiv
MFC Lokomotyv Kharkiv (ukr. Міні-Футбольний Клуб «Локомотив» Харків), is a futsal club from Kharkiv, Ukraine, and plays in Ukrainian Men's Futsal Championship.
## Honours
- 2009 Ukrainian Cup[2]
|
enwiki/34581745
|
enwiki
| 34,581,745
|
MFC Lokomotyv Kharkiv
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MFC_Lokomotyv_Kharkiv
|
2025-06-17T15:31:20Z
|
en
|
Q2497896
| 51,007
|
{{Football club infobox |
clubname = Lokomotyv Kharkiv|
image = [[File:MFK Lokomotiv Kharkiv.png|130px|center]]|
fullname = MFC Lokomotyv Kharkiv|
nickname = |
founded = 2005 |
dissolved = 2017 |
ground = [[Palace of Sports "Lokomotyv"|Palace of Sports]],<br>[[Kharkiv]], [[Ukraine]] |
capacity = 1,500|
chairman = {{flagicon|UKR}} Sergey Krylov |
manager = {{flagicon|UKR}} Evgeny Rivkin|
league = [[Ukrainian Men's Futsal Championship|Futsal Championship]]|
season = |
position =
| pattern_la1= |pattern_b1= |pattern_ra1=|pattern_sh1= |pattern_so1=
|leftarm1=FF0000|body1=FF0000|rightarm1=FF0000|shorts1=FF0000|socks1=FF0000
| pattern_la2= |pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=|pattern_sh2= |pattern_so2=
| leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF
}}{{Expand Ukrainian|topic=Локомотив (футзальний клуб, Харків)}}{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}
'''MFC Lokomotyv Kharkiv''' ([[ukraine language|ukr.]] Міні-Футбольний Клуб «Локомотив» Харків), is a [[futsal]] club from [[Kharkiv]], [[Ukraine]], and plays in [[Ukrainian Men's Futsal Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страницы истории футзала в Украине (Владимир Братусь) / Проза.ру |url=https://proza.ru/2011/05/27/744 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126125949/https://proza.ru/2011/05/27/744 |archive-date=2020-11-26 |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=proza.ru}}</ref>
==Honours==
* 2009 Ukrainian Cup<ref>{{Cite web |title=Мини-футбол. Кубок отправился в Харьков |url=https://terrikon.com/posts/22450 |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=Террикон - Футбол и Спорт Украины |language=ru}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[FC Lokomotyv Kharkiv]], an [[association football]] club
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{in lang|uk}} [http://mfk-lokomotiv.com.ua/ Official web site]
* {{in lang|en}} [https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/teams/2601563--lokomotiv/ UEFA profile]
{{Futsal in Ukraine}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lokomotyv Kharkiv, MFC}}
[[Category:Defunct futsal clubs in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Sport in Kharkiv]]
[[Category:Railway sports clubs and teams]]
[[Category:Futsal clubs established in 1991]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Southern Railways (Ukraine)]]
| 1,296,063,596
|
[{"title": "Lokomotyv Kharkiv", "data": {"Full name": "MFC Lokomotyv Kharkiv", "Founded": "2005", "Dissolved": "2017", "Ground": "Palace of Sports, \u00b7 Kharkiv, Ukraine", "Capacity": "1,500", "Chairman": "Sergey Krylov", "Manager": "Evgeny Rivkin", "League": "Futsal Championship", "Home colours": "Away colours"}}]
| false
|
# Poux
Poux is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Gilles Poux (born 1957), French politician
- Jean-Baptiste Poux (born 1979), French rugby union footballer
- Paul Poux (born 1984), French cyclist
|
enwiki/13195954
|
enwiki
| 13,195,954
|
Poux
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poux
|
2022-08-25T14:45:18Z
|
en
|
Q108872096
| 7,871
|
{{wiktionary|poux}}
'''Poux''' is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* [[Gilles Poux]] (born 1957), French politician
* [[Jean-Baptiste Poux]] (born 1979), French rugby union footballer
* [[Paul Poux]] (born 1984), French cyclist
==See also==
* [[Pou (surname)|Pou]]
{{Surname}}
[[Category:French-language surnames]]
| 1,106,618,035
|
[]
| false
|
# Josef Novák (footballer, born 1900)
Josef Novák (20 October 1900 – 1974) was a Czechoslovak footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics. On a club level, he played for SK Židenice.
|
enwiki/58655155
|
enwiki
| 58,655,155
|
Josef Novák (footballer, born 1900)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Nov%C3%A1k_(footballer,_born_1900)
|
2025-06-27T17:23:05Z
|
en
|
Q12026436
| 45,952
|
{{Short description|Czechoslovak footballer (1900–1974)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Josef Novák
|image =
|caption =
|fullname =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1900|10|20|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Kladno]], Austria-Hungary
|death_date = {{death year and age|1974|1900}}
|death_place =
|nationalyears1 = 1924
|nationalteam1 = [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]]
|nationalcaps1 = 1
|nationalgoals1 = 0
}}
'''Josef Novák''' (20 October 1900 – 1974) was a Czechoslovak [[association football|footballer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/27363 |title=Josef Novák |work=Olympedia |access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref> He competed in the [[Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics|men's tournament]] at the [[1924 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/no/josef-novak-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418114156/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/no/josef-novak-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Josef Novák Olympic Results |accessdate=4 October 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://nv.fotbal.cz/reprezentace/reprezentace-a/statistiky/viewstat3.asp?name=NovakJosefI Profile] at Fotbal.cz</ref> On a club level, he played for [[SK Židenice]].<ref name="SportsRef"/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{sports links}}
{{Czechoslovakia football squad 1924 Summer Olympics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Novak, Josef}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:Czech men's footballers]]
[[Category:Czechoslovak men's footballers]]
[[Category:Czechoslovakia men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Olympic footballers for Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1924 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Footballers from Kladno]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:FC Zbrojovka Brno players]]
{{CzechRepublic-footy-bio-stub}}
{{Czechoslovakia-footy-bio-stub}}
| 1,297,661,342
|
[{"title": "Josef Nov\u00e1k", "data": {"Date of birth": "20 October 1900", "Place of birth": "Kladno, Austria-Hungary", "Date of death": "1974 (aged 73\u201374)"}}, {"title": "International career", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "1924": "Czechoslovakia \u00b7 1 \u00b7 (0)"}}, {"title": "Czechoslovakia football squad \u2013 1924 Summer Olympics", "data": {"GK Hochmann GK Sloup-\u0160tapl\u00edk DF A. Hojer DF F. Hojer DF Kuchynka DF Seifert MF \u010cerven\u00fd MF Kolenat\u00fd MF Krombholz MF Mahrer MF Pe\u0161ek MF Pleticha FW \u010capek FW Jel\u00ednek FW Kratochv\u00edl FW Ja. Nov\u00e1k FW Jo. Nov\u00e1k FW O. Nov\u00e1k FW \u0158eh\u00e1k FW Sedl\u00e1\u010dek FW Sloup-\u0160tapl FW Vl\u010dek Coach: Bezecn\u00fd": "Czechoslovakia"}}]
| false
|
# Donsö
Donsö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈdûːnsøː]) is a small island in the Southern Gothenburg Archipelago and a locality situated in Gothenburg Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 1,407 inhabitants in 2010. The local covenant church on Donsö has approximately 500 members.
## Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Donsö:
- Donsö IS
## Shipping
Donsö has a long history of shipping, especially in tanker businesses. The following companies are located or owned by people living on Donsö.
- Donsötank
- Furetank
- Veritas Tankers
- Sirius Rederi
- Swedia Rederi
- Tärntank
- Älvtank
- GotShip (OljOla)
- Donsö Bunker Service
- Kiltank Rederi AB
- BunkerTell Rederi
- Northern Offshore Services
## Neighboring inhabited Islands
- Styrsö
- Vrångö
- Sjumansholmen
|
enwiki/2238228
|
enwiki
| 2,238,228
|
Donsö
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dons%C3%B6
|
2025-05-28T16:12:47Z
|
en
|
Q1016947
| 56,464
|
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Donsö
|image_skyline = DSC 0004 (2) Donso.jpg
|image_caption = Donsö, as seen from the sea
|pushpin_map = Sweden Västra Götaland#Sweden
|pushpin_label_position =
|subdivision_type = [[Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Sweden]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Göteborg Municipality]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Sweden|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Västra Götaland County]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Västergötland]]
|area_footnotes = <ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2005 och 2010 |date=14 December 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=Swedish |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127055525/http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |archivedate=2012-01-27 |url-status=dead |accessdate=10 January 2012 }}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 0.97
|population_as_of = 31 December 2010
|population_footnotes = <ref name=scb />
|population_total = 1,407 <!-- This is the official figure from Statistics Sweden (Statistiska centralbyrån). -->
|population_density_km2 = 1451
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|coordinates = {{coord|57|36|N|11|48|E|region:SE|display=inline,title}}
|website =
}}
'''Donsö''' ({{IPA|sv|ˈdûːnsøː}})<ref>{{cite book|url=https://runeberg.org/ortnamn/0011.html|author1=Jöran Sahlgren|author2=Gösta Bergman|title=Svenska ortnamn med uttalsuppgifter|language=sv|year=1979|page=7}}</ref> is a small island in the [[Southern Göteborg Archipelago|Southern Gothenburg Archipelago]] and a [[Urban areas in Sweden|locality]] situated in [[Göteborg Municipality|Gothenburg Municipality]], [[Västra Götaland County]], [[Sweden]]. It had 1,407 inhabitants in 2010.<ref name=scb /> The local covenant church on Donsö has approximately 500 members.
==Sports==
The following sports clubs are located in Donsö:
* [[Donsö IS]]
==Shipping==
Donsö has a long history of shipping, especially in tanker businesses. The following companies are located or owned by people living on Donsö.
*[[Donsötank]]
*[[Furetank]]
*[[Veritas Tankers]]
*[[Sirius Rederi]]
*[[Swedia Rederi]]
*[[Tärntank]]
*[[Älvtank]]
*[[GotShip (OljOla)]]
*[[Donsö Bunker Service]]
*[[Kiltank Rederi AB]]
*[[BunkerTell Rederi]]
*[[Northern Offshore Services]]
==Neighboring inhabited Islands==
*[[Styrsö]]
*[[Vrångö]]
*[[Sjumansholmen]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Localities in Göteborg Municipality}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Donso}}
[[Category:Populated places in Gothenburg Municipality]]
[[Category:Southern Gothenburg Archipelago]]
[[Category:Islands of Västra Götaland County]]
{{VästraGötaland-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Car-free islands of Europe]]
| 1,292,749,265
|
[{"title": "Dons\u00f6", "data": {"Country": "Sweden", "Province": "V\u00e4sterg\u00f6tland", "County": "V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland County", "Municipality": "G\u00f6teborg Municipality"}}, {"title": "Area", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "0.97 km2 (0.37 sq mi)"}}, {"title": "Population (31 December 2010)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "1,407", "\u2022 Density": "1,451/km2 (3,760/sq mi)", "Time zone": "UTC+1 (CET)", "\u2022 Summer (DST)": "UTC+2 (CEST)"}}]
| false
|
# Davis-White Northeast Neighborhood Park
Davis-White Northeast Neighborhood Park is a 19.694 acres (7.970 ha) public space along Walnut Creek, located at 6705 Crystalbrook Dr. Austin, TX 78724. Renamed in 2007 after two Austin public safety heroes, Captain Willie Ray Davis and Captain Louie White, the park received a new playground in February 2025.
|
enwiki/79360676
|
enwiki
| 79,360,676
|
Davis-White Northeast Neighborhood Park
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis-White_Northeast_Neighborhood_Park
|
2025-05-02T23:27:56Z
|
en
|
Q133289633
| 34,785
|
{{orphan|date=May 2025}}
{{Short description|Park in Austin, Texas}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Davis-White Northeast Neighborhood Park
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map = <!-- or | map_image = -->
| map_width =
| type =
| location =
| nearest_city =
| coordinates = {{coord|30.303784975380424|-97.65511606813449}}
| area = {{convert|19.694|acre}}
| created =
| operator = Austin Parks and Recreation Department
| visitation_num =
| status =
| designation =
| open =
}}
'''Davis-White Northeast Neighborhood Park''' is a {{convert|19.694|acre}} public space along Walnut Creek, located at 6705 Crystalbrook Dr. Austin, TX 78724.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Park Directory {{!}} AustinTexas.gov |url=https://www.austintexas.gov/page/park-directory |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=www.austintexas.gov}}
</ref> Renamed in 2007<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-02-01 |title=Austin park renamed after civic heroes |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2007/01/29/daily37.html |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> after two Austin public safety heroes, Captain Willie Ray Davis<ref>{{Cite web |title=Willie Ray Davis – Austin African-American Firefighters Association |url=https://aaaffa.org/?page_id=381 |access-date=2025-03-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> and Captain Louie White,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Captain Louie W. White |url=https://www.aproa.org/memorial/White,%20Louie%20W.pdf |website=www.aproa.org}}</ref> the park received a new playground in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Davis-White Northeast Neighborhood Park opens up new features |url=https://www.austinmonitor.com/stories/whispers/davis-white-northeast-neighborhood-park-opens-up-new-features/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Austin Monitor |language=en-US}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Parks in Austin, Texas]]
{{Austin-stub}}
| 1,288,485,336
|
[{"title": "Davis-White Northeast Neighborhood Park", "data": {"Coordinates": "30\u00b018\u203214\u2033N 97\u00b039\u203218\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff30.303784975380424\u00b0N 97.65511606813449\u00b0W", "Area": "19.694 acres (7.970 ha)", "Operated by": "Austin Parks and Recreation Department"}}]
| false
|
# Mary Lou E. Van Dreel
Mary Lou E. Van Dreel (née Ambrosius; born March 23, 1935) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. She graduated from Nicolet High School in De Pere, Wisconsin, as well as the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point and the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh. Van Dreel is married with three children.
## Career
Van Dreel was first elected to the Assembly in 1986. Additionally, she was a member of the Ashwaubenon Village Board from 1977 to 1987. She is a Democrat.
|
enwiki/39817123
|
enwiki
| 39,817,123
|
Mary Lou E. Van Dreel
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Lou_E._Van_Dreel
|
2025-05-16T21:59:26Z
|
en
|
Q16097480
| 27,531
|
{{short description|American politician}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{infobox officeholder
|name = Mary Lou E. Van Dreel
|state = Wisconsin
|state_assembly = Wisconsin
|district = [[Wisconsin Assembly, District 90|90th]]
| term_start = January 5, 1987
| term_end = January 4, 1993
| predecessor = [[Sharon Metz]]
| successor = [[John Joseph Ryba]]
|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|birth_name = Mary Lou E. Ambrosius
|birth_date = {{birth date and age |1935|3|23}}
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|residence =
|spouse = Bernard Van Dreel
|children = 3
}}
'''Mary Lou E. Van Dreel''' (''[[née]]'' '''Ambrosius'''; born March 23, 1935<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&entity=WI.WIBlueBk1989.p0095&id=WI.WIBlueBk1989&isize=text|title=Members of State Legislature|publisher=Wisconsin Blue Book|accessdate=2013-06-30}}</ref>) was a member of the [[Wisconsin State Assembly]]. She graduated from [[Nicolet High School]] in [[De Pere, Wisconsin]], as well as the [[University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point]] and the [[University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh]]. Van Dreel is married with three children.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS13928 |title=Van Dreel, Mary Lou E. 1935|website= [[Wisconsin Historical Society]] |accessdate= January 19, 2021}}</ref>
==Career==
Van Dreel was first elected to the Assembly in 1986. Additionally, she was a member of the [[Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin|Ashwaubenon]] Village Board from 1977 to 1987. She is a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-wi-hs}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Sharon Metz]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = {{nobreak|Member of the [[Wisconsin State Assembly]] from the [[Wisconsin Assembly, District 90|90th]] district}} |years= January 5, 1987{{spaced ndash}}January 4, 1993 }}
{{s-aft|after = [[John Joseph Ryba]] }}
{{s-end}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Van Dreel, Mary Lou}}
[[Category:People from Glendale, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:People from Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Women state legislators in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh alumni]]
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Wisconsin Legislature]]
[[Category:20th-century American women politicians]]
{{Wisconsin-WIAssembly-Democratic-stub}}
| 1,290,762,298
|
[{"title": "Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly \u00b7 from the 90th district", "data": {"Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly \u00b7 from the 90th district": "In office \u00b7 January 5, 1987 \u2013 January 4, 1993", "Preceded by": "Sharon Metz", "Succeeded by": "John Joseph Ryba"}}, {"title": "Personal details", "data": {"Born": "Mary Lou E. Ambrosius \u00b7 March 23, 1935", "Political party": "Democratic", "Spouse": "Bernard Van Dreel", "Children": "3"}}]
| false
|
# Ghari (story)
Ghari (Bengali: ঘড়ি) (transl. The Clock) is a work of science fiction written in Bengali by the novelist Premendra Mitra. This story was first published in Chhayapoth (Bengali: ছায়াপথ), the Puja annual of Sarat Sahityo Bhaban, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, in 1948. It was the third story in GhanaDa series portraying Ghanashyam Das alias GhanaDa, the fictional character created by Premendra Mitra, and the protagonist of the GhanaDa series of science-fiction novels.
## Characterization
The character of Ghanashyam Das alias Ghanada was outlined as a bachelor, dark complexioned male with tall, boney and skeletal structure, having age “anywhere between thirty five to fifty five”, as described by the author himself in Mosha, the first story of the Ghanada series. He stayed in the third floor attic of a shared apartment (মেস বাড়ি) at no. 72, Banamali Naskar Lane, Calcutta, West Bengal, India, along with other boarders, who called him Ghana-da, while the term “da” is a suffix added to the name of an elder male in Bengal to convey reverence and affection. Though he was rarely found engaged in any activity or work other than telling fantastic tales to the boarders of the apartment, his stories engaged him with most of the major events happened in the world for last two hundred years and there was no place on earth which he did not visit.
গত দুশো বছর ধরে পৃথিবীর হেন জায়গা নেই যেখানে তিনি যাননি, হেন ঘটনা ঘটেনি যার সঙ্গে তাঁর কোনও যোগ নেই
Premendra Mitra, the creator, described Ghana~da in an interview by A K Ganguly published in SPAN in 1974, as under:
Ghana~da is a teller of tall tales, but the tales always have a scientific basis. I try to keep them as factually correct and as authentic as possible.
## Plot
It was a day of Derby, ie, there was a scheduled football (soccer) match between two big clubs of West Bengal, East Bengal and Mohan Bagan. The four close friends, Shibu, Gaur, Shishir and Sudhir, the author, who were boarders of the shared apartment at no. 72 Banamali Naskar Lane, were getting prepared to leave for the football stadium, keeping a keen watch on the time. Sudhir gave his clock to Gaur and said, “Keep it with yourself. You won't need asking the time repeatedly then.” Here entered GhanaDa, with a warning that clocks should not be accepted without a proper check. It could be disastrous. Getting inquisitive Shibu mentioned that GhanaDa was never seen having a clock. GhanaDa replied, “No, I do not have a clock, but once I received some.” “Received? How many, GhanaDa?” “As far as I remember”, GhanaDa replied indifferently, “Two lakh fifty three thousand three hundred and one only.”
শিবু তা সত্বেও জিজ্ঞাসা করেছে, "সে-সব ঘড়ি গেল কোথায় ঘনাদা? কোথায় রেখেছেন মনে নেই বুঝি?"
"না, মনে থাকবে না কেন, খুব মনে আছে I সেগুলো রেখেছিলাম ১২৫ ডিগ্রী দ্রাঘিমা যেখানে ৩৫ ডিগ্রী অক্ষ্যাংশকে কেটে বেরিয়ে গেছে ঠিক সেইখানেই, তবে সেগুলো এখন অচল"
GhanaDa reminded of a massive Tsunami and cyclone occurred in the South Pacific Ocean on 17 September 1937. GhanaDa's story preceded the event by two months. At that time he was visiting an area covering from Hawaii to Fiji through Samoa, carrying out an import-export business, which was a cover hiding his actual identity. All of a sudden he received two telegrams from Neville and Frank on the same day, requesting him to undertake a secret service mission and to meet the sender at the earliest. They were understood to be Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Franklin Roosevelt, President of the United States. “Were they your friends, GhanaDa?”, asked Shibu.
যেন অত্যন্ত সামান্য ব্যাপার, এইভাবে কথাটা হাত নেড়ে উড়িয়ে দিয়ে ঘনাদা বলেছেন, "যাক সে সব কথা"
The author, Premendra Mitra, addressed the issue of international terrorism in this story. Some agencies in Asia distributed cheap clock attached with explosives with timer which were distributed throughout Europe and the United States, most of which were programmed to explode at a particular time and date destroying major infrastructure of these countries. With timely intervention of GhanaDa a major impending world disaster was averted. However, the crucial Eastbengal club versus Mohanbagan club football match was eventually missed by all.
## Characters
- Ghanashyam Das alias Ghanada
- Gouranga alias Gour
- Shibu
- Shishir
- Author (anonymous in this story. However, now we know it is Sudhir)
- Mr. Okamoto, representative of the Clock manufacturing Company
- Mr. Leyman, Police Chief of Samoa Island
|
enwiki/65841928
|
enwiki
| 65,841,928
|
Ghari (story)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghari_(story)
|
2025-05-28T07:44:23Z
|
en
|
Q104870362
| 53,680
|
{{Short description|1948 GhanaDa story by Premendra Mitra}}
{{About|the story by Premendra Mitra|other references|Ghori (disambiguation){{!}}Ghori}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox book|<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
| name = Ghari (The Clock)
| title_orig = ঘড়ি
| translator =
| image = Ghori GhanaDa Title Cover Shaila Chakraborty 1948.jpg
| caption = Illustration by Shaila Chakraborty in 1948
| author = [[Premendra Mitra]]
| illustrator = Shaila Chakraborty
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| series = GhanaDa
| genre = [[Science fiction]]
| publisher = Sarat Sahitya Bhaban
| release_date = 1948
| media_type = Puja annual
| preceded_by = [[Nuri (story)|নুড়ি (The Pebble)]]
| followed_by = [[Poka (story)|পোকা (The Insect)]]
}}
'''''Ghari ''''' ({{langx|bn|ঘড়ি}}) ({{translation|''' The Clock'''}}) is a work of [[science fiction]] written in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] by the novelist [[Premendra Mitra]]. This story was first published in Chhayapoth ({{langx|bn|ছায়াপথ}}), the Puja annual of Sarat Sahityo Bhaban, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, in 1948. It was the third story in GhanaDa series portraying Ghanashyam Das alias GhanaDa, the fictional [[Character (arts)|character]] created by [[Premendra Mitra]], and the [[protagonist]] of the ''GhanaDa'' series of science-fiction novels.<ref name = tfo>{{cite journal | url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449855.2017.1332676 | title= The Insectesimal tall tale: Historical catachresis and ethics in the science fiction of Premendra Mitra|journal= Journal of Postcolonial Writing | first1= Atanu | last1 = Bhattacharya| first2= Preet |last2 = Hiradhar |access-date = 14 November 2020 | date=13 February 2012| volume= 54| issue= 2| pages= 174–186| doi= 10.1080/17449855.2017.1332676| s2cid= 164349172| url-access= subscription}}</ref>
==Characterization==
The character of Ghanashyam Das alias [[Ghanada]] was outlined as a bachelor, dark complexioned male with tall, boney and skeletal structure, having age “anywhere between thirty five to fifty five”, as described by the author himself in Mosha, the first story of the Ghanada series. He stayed in the third floor attic of a shared apartment (মেস বাড়ি) at no. 72, Banamali Naskar Lane, Calcutta, West Bengal, India, along with other boarders, who called him Ghana-da, while the term “da” is a suffix added to the name of an elder male in Bengal to convey reverence and affection. Though he was rarely found engaged in any activity or work other than telling fantastic tales to the boarders of the apartment, his stories engaged him with most of the major events happened in the world for last two hundred years and there was no place on earth which he did not visit.<ref name=abp1>{{cite book|editor-first=Surajit|editor-last=Dasgupta|chapter= ঘড়ি |title=ঘনাদা সমগ্র - পর্ব ১|publisher=Ananda Publishers|year=2000|isbn=81-7215-395-3}}</ref> {{blockquote|গত দুশো বছর ধরে পৃথিবীর হেন জায়গা নেই যেখানে তিনি যাননি, হেন ঘটনা ঘটেনি যার সঙ্গে তাঁর কোনও যোগ নেই<ref name=abp1/>}}
[[Premendra Mitra]], the creator, described Ghana~da in an interview by A K Ganguly published in SPAN in 1974, as under:<ref name=span >{{cite book|first=A K|last=Ganguly|title= Premendra Mitra's science fiction|publisher=SPAN|year=1974}}</ref> {{blockquote|Ghana~da is a teller of tall tales, but the tales always have a scientific basis. I try to keep them as factually correct and as authentic as possible.<ref name = span /> }}
==Plot==
{{Infobox islands
| name = Samoan Islands
| image_name = Olosega Aerial AKK.jpg
| image_caption = Above: [[Ofu-Olosega|Olosega]] island in the [[Manu'a]] group, eastern Samoa Islands. Below: map of the Samoan Islands
| image_size =
| map_image = Samoa islands 2002.gif
| native_name = Motu o Sāmoa
| native_name_link =
| nickname =
| location = [[Polynesia]]
| coordinates =
| archipelago =
| total_islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 = 3030
| highest_mount = [[Mauga Silisili]]
| elevation_m = 1858
| country = {{flag|Samoa}}
| country_largest_city = [[Apia]]
| country_largest_city_population = 38,800
| country1 = {{flag|American Samoa}}
| country1_largest_city = [[Tafuna, American Samoa|Tafuna]]
| country1_largest_city_population = 9,756
| population = 249,839
| population_as_of = 2012
| density_km2 =
| ethnic_groups =
| additional_info =
}}
It was a day of Derby, ie, there was a scheduled football (soccer) match between two big clubs of West Bengal, East Bengal and Mohan Bagan. The four close friends, Shibu, Gaur, Shishir and Sudhir, the author, who were boarders of the shared apartment at no. 72 Banamali Naskar Lane, were getting prepared to leave for the football stadium, keeping a keen watch on the time. Sudhir gave his clock to Gaur and said, “Keep it with yourself. You won't need asking the time repeatedly then.” Here entered GhanaDa, with a warning that clocks should not be accepted without a proper check. It could be disastrous. Getting inquisitive Shibu mentioned that GhanaDa was never seen having a clock. GhanaDa replied, “No, I do not have a clock, but once I received some.” “Received? How many, GhanaDa?” “As far as I remember”, GhanaDa replied indifferently, “Two lakh fifty three thousand three hundred and one only.” {{blockquote|শিবু তা সত্বেও জিজ্ঞাসা করেছে, "সে-সব ঘড়ি গেল কোথায় ঘনাদা? কোথায় রেখেছেন মনে নেই বুঝি?" <br />"না, মনে থাকবে না কেন, খুব মনে আছে I সেগুলো রেখেছিলাম ১২৫ ডিগ্রী দ্রাঘিমা যেখানে ৩৫ ডিগ্রী অক্ষ্যাংশকে কেটে বেরিয়ে গেছে ঠিক সেইখানেই, তবে সেগুলো এখন অচল" <ref name=abp1/>}}
GhanaDa reminded of a massive Tsunami and cyclone occurred in the South Pacific Ocean on 17 September 1937. GhanaDa's story preceded the event by two months. At that time he was visiting an area covering from [[Hawaii]] to [[Fiji]] through [[Samoa]], carrying out an import-export business, which was a cover hiding his actual identity. All of a sudden he received two telegrams from Neville and Frank on the same day, requesting him to undertake a secret service mission and to meet the sender at the earliest. They were understood to be [[Neville Chamberlain]], Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and [[Franklin Roosevelt]], President of the United States. “Were they your friends, GhanaDa?”, asked Shibu. {{blockquote|যেন অত্যন্ত সামান্য ব্যাপার, এইভাবে কথাটা হাত নেড়ে উড়িয়ে দিয়ে ঘনাদা বলেছেন, "যাক সে সব কথা" <ref name=abp1/>}}
The author, [[Premendra Mitra]], addressed the issue of international terrorism in this story. Some agencies in Asia distributed cheap clock attached with explosives with timer which were distributed throughout Europe and the United States, most of which were programmed to explode at a particular time and date destroying major infrastructure of these countries. With timely intervention of GhanaDa a major impending world disaster was averted. However, the crucial Eastbengal club versus Mohanbagan club football match was eventually missed by all.<ref name=abp1/>
==Characters==
*[[Ghanada|Ghanashyam Das alias Ghanada]]
*Gouranga alias Gour
*Shibu
*Shishir
*Author (anonymous in this story. However, now we know it is Sudhir)
*Mr. Okamoto, representative of the Clock manufacturing Company
*Mr. Leyman, Police Chief of Samoa Island
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Premendra Mitra}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghori (novel)}}
[[Category:1948 short stories]]
[[Category:Indian short stories]]
[[Category:Science fiction short stories]]
[[Category:Short stories set in India]]
[[Category:Ghanada short stories]]
| 1,292,684,532
|
[{"title": "Ghari (The Clock)", "data": {"Author": "Premendra Mitra", "Original title": "\u0998\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf", "Illustrator": "Shaila Chakraborty", "Language": "Bengali", "Series": "GhanaDa", "Genre": "Science fiction", "Publisher": "Sarat Sahitya Bhaban", "Publication date": "1948", "Publication place": "India", "Media type": "Puja annual", "Preceded by": "\u09a8\u09c1\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf (The Pebble)", "Followed by": "\u09aa\u09cb\u0995\u09be (The Insect)"}}, {"title": "Geography", "data": {"Location": "Polynesia", "Area": "3,030 km2 (1,170 sq mi)", "Highest elevation": "1,858 m (6096 ft)", "Highest point": "Mauga Silisili"}}, {"title": "Administration", "data": {"Administration": ["Samoa", "American Samoa"], "Largest settlement": ["Apia (pop. 38,800)", "Tafuna (pop. 9,756)"]}}, {"title": "Demographics", "data": {"Population": "249,839 (2012)"}}]
| false
|
# Majid Isa Zahi
Majid Isa Zahi (Persian: مجيد عيسي زهي, also Romanized as Majīd ʿĪsá Zahī) is a village in Margan Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43 from 10 different families.
|
enwiki/41935404
|
enwiki
| 41,935,404
|
Majid Isa Zahi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majid_Isa_Zahi
|
2024-10-26T04:07:45Z
|
en
|
Q5815719
| 67,007
|
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name =Majid Isa Zahi
|native_name =مجيد عيسي زهي
|settlement_type = village
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}}
|subdivision_type1 =[[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 =[[Sistan and Baluchestan Province|Sistan and Baluchestan]]
|subdivision_type2 =[[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Hirmand County|Hirmand]]
|subdivision_type3 =[[Bakhsh]]
|subdivision_name3 =[[Central District (Hirmand County)|Central]]
|subdivision_type4 =[[Rural Districts of Iran|Rural District]]
|subdivision_name4 =[[Margan Rural District|Margan]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_footnotes =
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_total =43
|population_density_km2 =auto
|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset = +3:30
|timezone_DST = [[Iran Daylight Time|IRDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = +4:30
|coordinates =
|elevation_m =
|area_code =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Majid Isa Zahi''' ({{langx|fa|مجيد عيسي زهي}}, also [[Romanize]]d as '''Majīd ʿĪsá Zahī''') is a village in [[Margan Rural District]], in the [[Central District (Hirmand County)|Central District]] of [[Hirmand County]], [[Sistan and Baluchestan Province]], [[Iran]]. At the 2006 census, its population was 43 from 10 different families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|11}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Portal|Iran}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Hirmand County}}
{{Coord missing|Sistan and Baluchestan Province}}
[[Category:Populated places in Hirmand County]]
{{Hirmand-geo-stub}}
| 1,253,468,173
|
[{"title": "Majid Isa Zahi \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0632\u0647\u064a", "data": {"Country": "Iran", "Province": "Sistan and Baluchestan", "County": "Hirmand", "Bakhsh": "Central", "Rural District": "Margan"}}, {"title": "Population (2006)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "43", "Time zone": "UTC+3:30 (IRST)", "\u2022 Summer (DST)": "UTC+4:30 (IRDT)"}}]
| false
|
# LGDJ
The Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence is the main French publishing house in law, created in 1836.
|
enwiki/48849351
|
enwiki
| 48,849,351
|
LGDJ
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGDJ
|
2022-04-19T13:08:21Z
|
en
|
Q3237911
| 17,530
|
The '''Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence''' is the main [[French language|French]] [[publishing house]] in law, created in 1836.<ref>Jean-Yves Mollier, « Éditer au xixe siècle », Revue d'histoire littéraire de la France, Presses universitaires de France, vol. 107, no 4, 2007, p. 771–790 (DOI 10.3917/rhlf.074.0771).</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Academic publishing]]
{{publish-company-stub}}
| 1,083,561,832
|
[]
| false
|
# Neocollyris celebensis
Neocollyris celebensis is a species in the tiger beetle family Cicindelidae. It was described by Chaudoir in 1860.
|
enwiki/36799232
|
enwiki
| 36,799,232
|
Neocollyris celebensis
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocollyris_celebensis
|
2024-05-26T23:49:09Z
|
en
|
Q13659513
| 29,951
|
{{short description|Species of beetle}}
{{speciesbox
|taxon=Neocollyris celebensis|image = Neocollyris celebensis (Chaudoir, 1860) (3028953187).jpg
|authority=([[Maximilien Chaudoir|Chaudoir]], 1860)
| display_parents = 3
}}
'''''Neocollyris celebensis''''' is a species in the tiger beetle family [[Cicindelidae]].<ref name=catlife/><ref name=Duran2020/> It was [[Species description|described]] by [[Maximilien Chaudoir|Chaudoir]] in 1860.<ref name=catlife/>
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=Duran2020>
{{Cite journal| title = Validation of tiger beetles as distinct family (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), review and reclassification of tribal relationships
| last1 = Duran | first1 = Daniel P.| last2 = Gough | first2 = Harlan M.
| journal = Systematic Entomology| volume = 45| issue = 4| date = 2020| doi = 10.1111/syen.12440
| doi-access = free}}</ref>
<ref name=catlife>{{Cite web| title=Neocollyris celebensis (Chaudoir, 1861) | url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/73WKR | website=Catalogue of Life | access-date=2023-04-08 }}</ref>
}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q13659513}}
[[Category:Neocollyris|Celebensis, Neocollyris]]
[[Category:Beetles described in 1860]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Maximilien Chaudoir]]
{{Neocollyris-stub}}
| 1,225,828,274
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Coleoptera", "Suborder": "Adephaga", "Family": "Cicindelidae", "Tribe": "Collyridini", "Genus": "Neocollyris", "Species": "N. celebensis"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Neocollyris celebensis \u00b7 (Chaudoir, 1860)"}}]
| false
|
# White Hills, Victoria
White Hills is a suburb of the city of Bendigo in central Victoria, Australia. It is located four kilometres immediately north-east of the city centre between North Bendigo and East Bendigo.
"The White Hills" were named for the colour of the clay exposed by gold miners at that part of the Bendigo diggings in the 1850s.
The Bendigo Creek, the site of the area's first gold find, runs through White Hills.
At the 2011 census, White Hills had a population of 3,275.
## Facilities
White Hills Post Office opened on 21 August 1857 during the gold rush.
The Bendigo Jockey Club, a horse racing club, is based at the Bendigo racecourse in White Hills and the Bendigo Cup is run there in mid-November.
White Hills is the home of the White Hills Cricket Club; there is also a public swimming pool.
Weeroona College Bendigo, formerly known as White Hills Technical School, is a co-educational secondary college catering for students in years 7 to 10, is located in the suburb.
The Bendigo Botanic Gardens, formerly known as the White Hills Botanical Gardens, are located in the area.
## Notable people
- Alfred Hampson (1864–1924) Labor MLA for Bendigo East and MHR for Bendigo was born in White Hills
- Thomas Flanagan (1832-1899), who found the first gold in Kalgoorlie in 1893 with his companions Paddy Hannan and Daniel Shea, is buried in the White Hills cemetery
- Michael John Flannigan (1862-1901), nephew of Thomas Flanigan (above), after whom King Island's Lake Flannigan is named
## Gallery
- White Hills Uniting Church Hall
- White Hills Uniting Church
- White Hills Anglican Church
- White Hills Catholic Church
- White Hills Cemetery shady entrance
- White Hills Cemetery Chinese Section
- White Hills Cemetery Section E3
- White Hills' butcher's shop
- Plumridge Street White Hills
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enwiki/22113737
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enwiki
| 22,113,737
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White Hills, Victoria
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Hills,_Victoria
|
2025-02-28T21:47:53Z
|
en
|
Q7994799
| 67,282
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Australian place
| type = suburb
| name = White Hills
| city = [[Bendigo, Victoria|Bendigo]]
| state = vic
| image = WhiteHillsWarMemorial.JPG
| caption = War memorial entry to the [[Bendigo Botanic Gardens]]
| use_lga_map = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|36|44|S|144|18|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_label_position = right
| lga = City of Greater Bendigo
| postcode = 3550
| est =
| pop = 3275
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2011}}
| pop_footnotes=<ref name="ABS"/>
| area =
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Bendigo East|Bendigo East]]
| fedgov = [[Division of Bendigo|Bendigo]]
| near-nw =
| near-n =
| near-ne =
| near-w =
| near-e =
| near-sw =
| near-s =
| near-se =
| dist1 = 4
| dir1 = NE
| location1= [[Bendigo, Victoria|Bendigo]]
| local_map = yes
| zoom = 12
}}
'''White Hills''' is a suburb of the city of [[Bendigo, Victoria|Bendigo]] in central [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]], [[Australia]]. It is located four kilometres immediately north-east of the city centre between [[North Bendigo, Victoria|North Bendigo]] and [[East Bendigo]].
"The White Hills" were named for the colour of the clay exposed by gold miners at that part of the Bendigo diggings in the 1850s.<ref>{{cite web | title=White Hills | publisher=Victorian Places | url=https://www.victorianplaces.com.au/white-hills | accessdate=15 August 2019}}</ref>
The [[Bendigo Creek]], the site of the area's first gold find, runs through White Hills.
At the {{CensusAU|2011}}, White Hills had a population of 3,275.<ref name="ABS">{{Census 2011 AUS
|id=SSC21464
|name=White Hills (State Suburb)
|accessdate=2015-06-23
|quick=on}}</ref>
==Facilities==
White Hills Post Office opened on 21 August 1857 during the gold rush.<ref name = "PostOffice">{{Citation|last = Premier Postal History | title = Post Office List | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=VIC&country= | accessdate = 2008-04-11}}</ref>
The Bendigo Jockey Club, a [[Thoroughbred racing in Australia|horse racing club]], is based at the Bendigo racecourse in White Hills and the Bendigo Cup is run there in mid-November.<ref name="RaceClub">{{Citation|last=Country Racing Victoria |title=Bendigo Jockey Club |url=http://www.countryracing.com.au/index.php?option=com_club_info&club=47&Itemid=80 |accessdate=2009-05-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719063639/http://countryracing.com.au/index.php?option=com_club_info&club=47&Itemid=80 |archivedate=19 July 2008 }}</ref>
White Hills is the home of the White Hills Cricket Club; there is also a public swimming pool.
[[Weeroona College Bendigo]], formerly known as White Hills Technical School, is a co-educational secondary college catering for students in years 7 to 10, is located in the suburb.
The [[Bendigo Botanic Gardens]], formerly known as the White Hills Botanical Gardens, are located in the area.
==Notable people==
*[[Alfred Hampson]] (1864–1924) [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] [[Victorian Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Electoral district of Bendigo East|Bendigo East]] and [[Australian House of Representatives|MHR]] for [[Division of Bendigo|Bendigo]] was born in White Hills
*[[Thomas Flanagan (prospector)|Thomas Flanagan]] (1832-1899), who found the first gold in Kalgoorlie in 1893 with his companions [[Paddy Hannan]] and Daniel Shea, is buried in the White Hills cemetery
*[[Michael John Flannigan]] (1862-1901), nephew of Thomas Flanigan (above), after whom King Island's Lake Flannigan is named
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/ City of Greater Bendigo]
*[http://home.vicnet.net.au/~whitehbg/ White Hills Botanical Gardens]
*[http://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/1641/ White Hills Public Cemetery]
==Gallery==
<Gallery>
File:White_Hills_Uniting_Church_Hall_001.JPG|White Hills Uniting Church Hall
File:White_Hills_Uniting_Church_004.JPG|White Hills Uniting Church
File:White_Hills_Anglican_Church_001.JPG|White Hills Anglican Church
File:White_Hills_Roman_Catholic_Church_004.JPG|White Hills Catholic Church
File:White Hills Cemetery Shady Entrance.jpg|White Hills Cemetery shady entrance
File:White Hills Cemetery Chinese Section.jpg|White Hills Cemetery Chinese Section
File:White Hills Cemetery Section E3.jpg|White Hills Cemetery Section E3
File:White Hills Butcher Shop 003.JPG|White Hills' butcher's shop
File:White Hills Plumridge St.JPG|Plumridge Street White Hills
</gallery>
{{City of Greater Bendigo}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Suburbs of Bendigo]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:Mining towns in Victoria (state)]]
| 1,278,171,182
|
[{"title": "White Hills \u00b7 Bendigo, Victoria", "data": {"Coordinates": "36\u00b044\u2032S 144\u00b018\u2032E\ufeff / \ufeff36.733\u00b0S 144.300\u00b0E", "Population": "3,275 (2011 census)", "Postcode(s)": "3550", "Location": "4 km (2 mi) NE of Bendigo", "LGA(s)": "City of Greater Bendigo", "State electorate(s)": "Bendigo East", "Federal division(s)": "Bendigo"}}]
| false
|
# Stanisław Gościniak
Stanisław Kazimierz Gościniak (born 18 July 1944) is a Polish former volleyball player and coach, a member of the Poland national team from 1965 to 1974, and the 1974 World Champion. He was a participant in the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. Gościniak was inducted into the Volleyball Hall of Fame in 2005.
## Honours
### As a player
- CEV European Champions Cup
- 1972–73 – with Resovia
- Domestic
- 1970–71 Polish Championship, with Resovia
- 1971–72 Polish Championship, with Resovia
- 1973–74 Polish Championship, with Resovia
- 1974–75 Polish Cup, with Resovia
- 1974–75 Polish Championship, with Resovia
### As a coach
- Domestic
- 1989–90 Polish Championship, with AZS Częstochowa
- 1993–94 Polish Championship, with AZS Częstochowa
- 1994–95 Polish Championship, with AZS Częstochowa
- 1995–96 Polish SuperCup, with AZS Częstochowa
- 1996–97 Polish Championship, with AZS Częstochowa
- 1997–98 Polish Cup, with AZS Częstochowa
### Individual awards
- 1974: FIVB World Championship – Most valuable player
### State awards
- 1995: Gold Cross of Merit[1]
- 2012: Officer's Cross of Polonia Restituta[2]
|
enwiki/43706546
|
enwiki
| 43,706,546
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Stanisław Gościniak
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Go%C5%9Bciniak
|
2025-05-01T09:36:55Z
|
en
|
Q4147021
| 97,552
|
{{Short description|Polish volleyball player and coach}}
{{Infobox volleyball biography
| name = Stanisław Gościniak
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| full_name = Stanisław Kazimierz Gościniak
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|7|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Poznań]], Poland
| hometown =
| college =
| position = Setter
| years = 1964–1968<br> 1968–1975
| teams = [[Gwardia Wrocław (men's volleyball)|Gwardia Wrocław]]<br> [[Resovia (volleyball)|Resovia]]
| nationalyears = 1965–1974
| nationalteam = {{vb|POL}} <small>(218)</small>
| coachyears = 1977–1992<br> 1986–1987<br> 1993–1998<br> 2000–2001<br> 2002–2003<br> 2003–2004<br>
| coachteams = [[AZS Częstochowa]]<br> [[Poland men's national volleyball team|Poland]]<br> [[AZS Częstochowa]]<br> [[AZS Częstochowa]]<br> [[AZS Częstochowa]]<br> [[Poland men's national volleyball team|Poland]]
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport| Men's [[volleyball]] }}
{{MedalCountry| {{POL}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship|FIVB World Championship]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1974 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship|1974 Mexico]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's European Volleyball Championship|CEV European Championship]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1967 Men's European Volleyball Championship|1967 Turkey]]|}}
}}
'''Stanisław Kazimierz Gościniak''' (born 18 July 1944) is a Polish former [[volleyball]] player and coach, a member of the [[Poland men's national volleyball team|Poland national team]] from 1965 to 1974, and the [[1974 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship|1974 World Champion]]. He was a participant in the [[1968 Summer Olympics|1968]] and [[1972 Summer Olympics]]. Gościniak was inducted into the [[Volleyball Hall of Fame]] in 2005.
==Honours==
===As a player===
* '''[[CEV Champions League|CEV European Champions Cup]]'''
** [[File:Silver medal europe.svg|16px]] 1972–73 – with [[Resovia (volleyball)|Resovia]]
* '''Domestic'''
** '''1970–71''' [[File:Gold medal with cup.svg|16px]] Polish Championship, with Resovia
** '''1971–72''' [[File:Gold medal with cup.svg|16px]] Polish Championship, with Resovia
** '''1973–74''' [[File:Gold medal with cup.svg|16px]] Polish Championship, with Resovia
** '''1974–75''' [[File:Simple gold cup.svg|16px]] Polish Cup, with Resovia
** '''1974–75''' [[File:Gold medal with cup.svg|16px]] Polish Championship, with Resovia
===As a coach===
* '''Domestic'''
** '''1989–90''' [[File:Gold medal with cup.svg|16px]] Polish Championship, with [[AZS Częstochowa]]
** '''1993–94''' [[File:Gold medal with cup.svg|16px]] Polish Championship, with AZS Częstochowa
** '''1994–95''' [[File:Gold medal with cup.svg|16px]] Polish Championship, with AZS Częstochowa
** '''1995–96''' [[File:Simple gold cup.svg|16px]] Polish SuperCup, with AZS Częstochowa
** '''1996–97''' [[File:Gold medal with cup.svg|16px]] Polish Championship, with AZS Częstochowa
** '''1997–98''' [[File:Simple gold cup.svg|16px]] Polish Cup, with AZS Częstochowa
===Individual awards===
* '''1974:''' FIVB World Championship – Most valuable player
===State awards===
* '''1995:''' [[File:POL Złoty Krzyż Zasługi BAR.svg|60px|Ribbon]] [[Cross of Merit (Poland)|Gold Cross of Merit]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP19950440507 |title=Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 25 maja 1995 r. o nadaniu odznaczeń. |work=isap.sejm.gov.pl |language=pl |date=25 May 1995 |access-date=4 July 2021}}</ref>
* '''2012:''' [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Oficerski BAR.svg|60px|Ribbon]] [[Order of Polonia Restituta|Officer's Cross of Polonia Restituta]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20120000230 |title=Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 21 października 2011 r. o nadaniu orderów |work=isap.sejm.gov.pl |language=pl |date=21 October 2011 |access-date=4 July 2021}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Olympics.com profile|stanislaw-gosciniak|Player profile}}
* {{Olympedia|52881|Player profile}}
* [https://www.volleyhall.org/stanislaw-gosciniak.html Player profile] at ''Volleyhall.org''
* [https://volleybox.net/stanislaw-gosciniak-p8830 Coach/Player profile] at ''Volleybox.net''
{{s-start}}
{{S-sports}}
{{succession box
| before = {{flagicon|POL}} [[Hubert Wagner]]
| after = {{flagicon|POL}} Leszek Milewski
| title = Head coach of [[Poland men's national volleyball team|Poland]]
| years = 1986–1987
}}
{{succession box
| before = {{flagicon|POL}} Waldemar Wspaniały
| after = {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Raúl Lozano (volleyball)|Raúl Lozano]]
| title = Head coach of [[Poland men's national volleyball team|Poland]]
| years = 2003–2004
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Poland squads
|bg = #DC143C
|fg = #FFFFFF
|bordercolor = #Red
|list1 =
{{Poland men volleyball team 1974 FIVB World Championship}}
{{Poland men volleyball team 2004 Olympics}}
}}
{{Volleyball Hall of Fame members}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gosciniak, Stanislaw}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Volleyball players from Poznań]]
[[Category:Polish men's volleyball players]]
[[Category:Olympic volleyball players for Poland]]
[[Category:Polish volleyball coaches]]
[[Category:Olympic volleyball coaches]]
[[Category:Volleyball players at the 1968 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Volleyball players at the 1972 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Gwardia Wrocław (men's volleyball) players]]
[[Category:Resovia (volleyball) players]]
[[Category:AZS Częstochowa coaches]]
[[Category:Setters (volleyball)]]
[[Category:International Volleyball Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish sportsmen]]
| 1,288,230,647
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[{"title": "Personal information", "data": {"Full name": "Stanis\u0142aw Kazimierz Go\u015bciniak", "Born": "18 July 1944 \u00b7 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}}, {"title": "Coaching information", "data": {"Years": "Teams", "1977\u20131992 \u00b7 1986\u20131987 \u00b7 1993\u20131998 \u00b7 2000\u20132001 \u00b7 2002\u20132003 \u00b7 2003\u20132004 \u00b7": "AZS Cz\u0119stochowa \u00b7 Poland \u00b7 AZS Cz\u0119stochowa \u00b7 AZS Cz\u0119stochowa \u00b7 AZS Cz\u0119stochowa \u00b7 Poland"}}, {"title": "Volleyball information", "data": {"Position": "Setter"}}, {"title": "Career", "data": {"Years": "Teams", "1964\u20131968 \u00b7 1968\u20131975": "Gwardia Wroc\u0142aw \u00b7 Resovia"}}, {"title": "National team", "data": {"1965\u20131974": "Poland (218)"}}, {"title": "FIVB World Championship", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": "1974 Mexico"}}, {"title": "CEV European Championship", "data": {"Bronze medal \u2013 third place": "1967 Turkey"}}, {"title": "Poland squad \u2013 1974 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship \u2013 Gold medal", "data": {"Bosek Czaja Gaw\u0142owski Go\u015bciniak Karbarz Rybaczewski Sadalski Skiba Skorek Stefa\u0144ski W\u00f3jtowicz Zarzycki Coach: Wagner": "Poland"}}, {"title": "Poland men's volleyball squad \u2013 2004 Summer Olympics \u2013 5th place", "data": {"1 Stelmach 3 Gruszka 5 Zagumny 6 Murek 8 Ignaczak 11 Kadziewicz 12 Rybak 13 \u015awiderski 14 Gabrych 16 Go\u0142a\u015b 17 B\u0105kiewicz 18 Szczerbaniuk Coach: Go\u015bciniak": "Poland"}}]
| false
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# Yegor Sysoyev
Yegor Olegovich Sysoyev (Russian: Егор Олегович Сысоев; born 24 March 2006) is a Russian footballer who plays as a forward for Torpedo Moscow.
## Club career
He made his debut in the Russian First League for Torpedo Moscow on 6 April 2025 in a game against Rotor Volgograd.
## Career statistics
As of 24 May 2025
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| -------------- | ------------ | -------------------- | ------ | ------ | ---- | ----- | ----------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- |
| Torpedo Moscow | 2024–25 | Russian First League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|
enwiki/79647296
|
enwiki
| 79,647,296
|
Yegor Sysoyev
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yegor_Sysoyev
|
2025-06-08T15:15:39Z
|
en
|
Q132609033
| 71,782
|
{{short description|Russian footballer}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Yegor Sysoyev
| full_name = Yegor Olegovich Sysoyev
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2006|3|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kimry]], [[Tver Oblast]], [[Russia]]
| height = 1.80 m
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| currentclub = [[FC Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]]
| clubnumber = 20
| youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2019 | youthclubs1 = Volna Dubna
| youthyears2 = 2020–2024 | youthclubs2 = [[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow]]
| years1 = 2025– | clubs1 = [[FC Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]] | caps1 = 1 | goals1 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2021–2022 | nationalteam1 = [[Russia national under-16 football team|Russia U-16]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 | nationalgoals1 = 0
| nationalyears2 = 2022–2023 | nationalteam2 = [[Russia national under-17 football team|Russia U-17]] | nationalcaps2 = 7 | nationalgoals2 = 3
| nationalyears3 = 2023 | nationalteam3 = [[Russia national under-18 football team|Russia U-18]] | nationalcaps3 = 3 | nationalgoals3 = 0
| nationalyears4 = 2024– | nationalteam4 = [[Russia national under-19 football team|Russia U-19]] | nationalcaps4 = 2 | nationalgoals4 = 0
| nationalyears5 = 2025– | nationalteam5 = [[Russia national under-20 football team|Russia U-20]] | nationalcaps5 = 2 | nationalgoals5 = 0
| pcupdate = 6 April 2025
| ntupdate = 7 June 2025
}}
'''Yegor Olegovich Sysoyev''' ({{langx|ru|Егор Олегович Сысоев}}; born 24 March 2006) is a Russian [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[FC Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Егор Сысоев: «Попасть в “Спартак” было мечтой детства» |url=https://spartak.com/media/news/0a6d5d91-e8d8-4539-87fa-1b2e47502601 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=spartak.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-14 |title=Сысоев: «Был интерес от «Пари НН», «Динамо». Но когда речь пошла о «Торпедо», пообщался с Кононовым, сделал выбор» |url=https://matchtv.ru/football/matchtvnews_NI2168488_Sysojev_Byl_interes_ot_Pari_NN_Dinamo_No_kogda_rech_poshla_o_Torpedo_poobshhalsa_s_Kononovym_sdelal_vybor |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=matchtv |language=ru-RU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3BUTl7XTTE&feature=youtu.be |title=Егор Сысоев. Юношеская Футбольная Лига. Блиц-интервью. |date=2022-05-14 |last=Красно-Белая Волна |access-date=2025-05-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Футбольный клуб "Торпедо" Москва - Новости ЕГОР СЫСОЕВ ПЕРЕШЁЛ В «ТОРПЕДО» |url=https://torpedo.ru/news/46529 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=torpedo.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-15 |title=Егор Сысоев: Вся команда жаждет выйти в РПЛ |url=https://bookmaker-ratings.ru/news/egor-sy-soev-vsya-komanda-zhazhdet-vy-jti-v-rpl/ |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Рейтинг Букмекеров |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Боев |first=Максим |title=Олег Кононов оценил перспективы экс-капитана молодёжки «Спартака», перешедшего в «Торпедо» |url=https://www.championat.com/football/news-5898978-oleg-kononov-ocenil-perspektivy-eks-kapitana-molodyozhki-spartaka-pereshedshego-v-torpedo.html |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.championat.com |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Футбольный клуб "Торпедо" Москва - Новости ЕГОР СЫСОЕВ: «ЗДОРОВО, ЧТО ТРЕНЕРЫ ОСНОВЫ СЛЕДЯТ ЗА НАМИ. РАД, ЧТО УДАЛОСЬ ЗАБИТЬ И ОТДАТЬ ГОЛЕВУЮ» |url=https://torpedo.ru/news/46571 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=torpedo.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Футбольный клуб "Торпедо" Москва - Новости ЕГОР СЫСОЕВ ДЕБЮТИРОВАЛ ЗА ГЛАВНУЮ КОМАНДУ |url=https://torpedo.ru/news/46638 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=torpedo.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Футбольный клуб "Торпедо" Москва - Новости ЕГОР СЫСОЕВ: «В ЭТОЙ СИТУАЦИИ ГЛАВНОЕ НЕ ОПУСКАТЬ РУКИ. В СЛЕДУЮЩЕМ МАТЧЕ НАМ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНО НУЖНО ВЫИГРЫВАТЬ» |url=https://torpedo.ru/news/46639 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=torpedo.ru}}</ref>
==Club career==
He made his debut in the [[Russian First League]] for [[FC Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]] on 6 April 2025 in a game against [[FC Rotor Volgograd|Rotor Volgograd]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Торпедо Москва - Ротор — счет матча, результаты и статистика |url=https://fnl.pro/melbet/matches/6728 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=fnl.pro}}</ref>
==Career statistics==
{{updated|24 May 2025}}<ref>{{Sportbox.ru|Futbol/Jegor_Olegovich_Sysojev__Futbol___24_03_2006_}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Club
!rowspan=2|Season
!colspan=3|League
!colspan=2|Cup
!colspan=2|Continental
!colspan=2|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[FC Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]]
|[[2024–25 FC Torpedo Moscow season|2024–25]]
|[[Russian First League]]
|1||0||0||0||colspan=2|–||1||0
|-
!colspan=3|Career total
!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0
|}
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Soccerway}}
* [https://fnl.pro/melbet/player/6336 Profile by Russian Football National League]
{{FC Torpedo Moscow squad}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sysoyev, Yegor}}
[[Category:2006 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Russian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Russia men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Tver Oblast]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:FC Torpedo Moscow players]]
[[Category:Russian First League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Russian sportsmen]]
{{Russia-footy-forward-stub}}
| 1,294,579,500
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[{"title": "Yegor Sysoyev", "data": {"Full name": "Yegor Olegovich Sysoyev", "Date of birth": "24 March 2006", "Place of birth": "Kimry, Tver Oblast, Russia", "Height": "1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)", "Position(s)": "Forward"}}, {"title": "Team information", "data": {"Current team": "Torpedo Moscow", "Number": "20"}}, {"title": "Youth career", "data": {"0000\u20132019": "Volna Dubna", "2020\u20132024": "Spartak Moscow"}}, {"title": "Senior career*", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "2025\u2013": "Torpedo Moscow \u00b7 1 \u00b7 (0)"}}, {"title": "International career\u2021", "data": {"2021\u20132022": "Russia U-16 \u00b7 7 \u00b7 (0)", "2022\u20132023": "Russia U-17 \u00b7 7 \u00b7 (3)", "2023": "Russia U-18 \u00b7 3 \u00b7 (0)", "2024\u2013": "Russia U-19 \u00b7 2 \u00b7 (0)", "2025\u2013": "Russia U-20 \u00b7 2 \u00b7 (0)"}}]
| false
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# Brodnici
The Brodnici (Russian: Бродники, Ukrainian: Бродники) were a tribe of disputed origin.
## Etymology
In some opinions, the name, as used by foreign chronicles, means a person in charge of a ford (water crossing) in Slavic language (cf. Slavic brodŭ). The probable reason for the name is that the territory of the Brodniks constituted the link between the mountain passes in the Carpathians and the mouths of the Danube, having a major economical importance, assuring the access to the Genovese colonies. According to other opinions, their name is related to Slavic бродить ("to wander"), probably referring to the nomadic way of life of this population. Other opinions claim that the name came from the river Prut or from its purportedly old name Brutus.
## Territory
The territory of Brodnici consisted of the southwestern part of today's Republic of Moldova, the southern part of today's Vrancea and Galați counties of Romania, the southern part of Budjak in Ukraine and probably the coastline between the Dniester and the Dnieper.
## Ethnicity
Attempts have been made to associate them to better known neighbouring populations, different authors classifying them as Slavs or Iranian, or perhaps mixed ethnic stock: Romanian-Slavic or Turko-Slavic.
Some authors have identified them with the "Bordinians" mentioned by Byzantine chronicler Niketas Choniates as a branch of "Tauroscythians", a term apparently applying to the Rus people in order to distinguish them from the Cumans/Polovtsians and from Vlachs.
## Documentary evidence
In 1216, they were in the service of the knyaz of Suzdal.
In 1222, the Hungarian king Andrew II gave the Burzenland to the Teutonic Knights, delimiting it by the land of the Brodnici. A Papal bull of Pope Honorius III confirmed the charter in the same year; however, in the copy approved by the Vatican, "Brodnicorum" was replaced by "Blacorum" (i.e., "Vlachs" in Latin). While some historians believe that this shows that the terms were equivalent, others claim that this was just an error. The latter base their claim on the fact that the two terms were used together in several Hungarian documents, very unusual if referring to the same population.
In 1238, King Béla IV of Hungary presented himself as: king of "...Ruthenorum, Cumanorum, Brodnicorum...".
The Novgorod First Chronicle says that in 1223 the Brodnici took part in the Battle of Kalka on the side of Mongols ("Tatars").
When speaking about Brodniks, the Chronicle mentions voivode Ploskynya (the name of the voivode is sometimes rendered as Ploscânea in Romanian historiography) who deceived knyaz Mstislav Romanovich and delivered him to "Tatars". Some researchers conclude that Ploskynya was the Brodnik commander. According to some researchers, the Chronicle should be interpreted as "And there Brodniks were with Tatars, and their Voivod Ploskynya [...]". However other disagree, considering that the source should be translated as "And there Brodniks were with Tatars, and Voivod Ploskynya, [...]". After this date, they disappeared from Rus' sources.
In August 1227, Pope Gregory IX wrote a letter to the bishop of Esztergom instructing him to convert to Christianity "in Cumania et Bordinia terra illis vicina".
A November 11, 1250 letter of King Béla IV of Hungary to Pope Innocent IV says that Tatars imposed tribute onto the countries neighboring with his kingdom: "que ex parte Orientis cum regno nostro conterminantur, sicut Ruscia, Cumania, Brodnici, Bulgaria".
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{{Short description|Tribe}}
{{distinguish|Brodniki}}
The '''Brodnici''' ({{langx|ru|Бродники}}, {{langx|uk|Бродники}}) were a tribe of disputed origin.
==Etymology==
In some opinions, the name, as used by foreign chronicles, means a person in charge of a ford (water crossing) in Slavic language (cf. [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] ''brodŭ''). The probable reason for the name is that the territory of the Brodniks constituted the link between the mountain passes in the Carpathians and the mouths of the Danube, having a major economical importance, assuring the access to the [[Genoa|Genovese]] colonies.<ref>Binder Pál: "Antecedente şi consecinţe sud-transilvănene ale formării voievodatului Munteniei (sec. XIII-XIV.) II.",</ref> According to other opinions, their name is related to Slavic ''бродить'' ("to wander"), probably referring to the [[nomad]]ic way of life of this population.<ref name="spinei">Victor Spinei, ''Moldavia in the 11th–14th centuries'', Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România 1986.</ref> Other opinions claim that the name came from the river Prut or from its purportedly old name Brutus.<ref>A. Boldur, Istoria Basarabiei, Editura Victor Frunză, București, 1992, p.101</ref>
==Territory==
The territory of Brodnici consisted of the southwestern part of today's Republic of [[Moldova]], the southern part of today's [[Vrancea County|Vrancea]] and [[Galați County|Galați]] counties of [[Romania]], the southern part of [[Budjak]] in [[Ukraine]] and probably the coastline between the [[Dniester]] and the [[Dnieper]].<ref name=spinei/>
==Ethnicity==
Attempts have been made to associate them to better known neighbouring populations, different authors classifying them as Slavs or [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]], or perhaps mixed ethnic stock: Romanian-Slavic<ref name=spinei/> or [[Turkic peoples|Turko]]-Slavic.<ref>[[Lev Gumilev]]'s opinion; e.g., in his "Discovery of Khazaria"</ref>
Some authors have identified them with the "Bordinians" mentioned by Byzantine chronicler [[Niketas Choniates]] as a branch of "Tauroscythians",<ref>cf. "[[Taurida]]" and "[[Scythians]]"</ref> a term apparently applying to the [[Rus people]] in order to distinguish them from the [[Cumans]]/[[Polovtsians]] and from [[Vlachs]].<ref name=Knyasky>I.O. Knyazky, "Rus and the Steppe", Князький И.О. Русь и степь. – Moscow: Российский научный фонд, 1996., [http://www.auditorium.ru/books/242/gl5.pdf Ch. 5, Polovtsians] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929203924/http://www.auditorium.ru/books/242/gl5.pdf |date=September 29, 2007 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
==Documentary evidence==
In 1216, they were in the service of the [[knyaz]] of [[Vladimir-Suzdal|Suzdal]].{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
In 1222, the Hungarian king [[Andrew II of Hungary|Andrew II]] gave the [[Burzenland]] to the [[Teutonic Knights]], delimiting it by the land of the Brodnici. A [[Papal bull]] of [[Pope Honorius III]] confirmed the charter in the same year; however, in the copy approved by the [[Holy See|Vatican]], "Brodnicorum" was replaced by "Blacorum" (i.e., "Vlachs" in Latin). While some historians believe that this shows that the terms were equivalent, others claim that this was just an error.<ref name=spinei/> The latter base their claim on the fact that the two terms were used together in several [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] documents, very unusual if referring to the same population.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
In 1238, King [[Béla IV of Hungary]] presented himself as: king of "...Ruthenorum, Cumanorum, Brodnicorum...".<ref>Hurmuzaki-Densușianu, Documente, I, 1, pp. 259–262; Doc. C. Trans., I, pp. 345–346</ref><ref>Alexandru Gonța, ''Românii și Hoarda de Aur, 1241–1502'',Editura Demiurg, 2010, p.25</ref>
The [[Novgorod First Chronicle]] says that in 1223 the Brodnici took part in the [[Battle of Kalka]] on the side of [[Mongols]] ("Tatars").<ref>[http://www.krotov.info/acts/12/pvl/novg06.htm Novgorod Chronicle, years 1219-1232]</ref>
When speaking about Brodniks, the Chronicle mentions [[voivode]] Ploskynya (the name of the voivode is sometimes rendered as ''Ploscânea'' in Romanian historiography) who deceived [[knyaz]] [[Mstislav III of Kiev|Mstislav Romanovich]] and delivered him to "Tatars". Some researchers conclude that Ploskynya was the Brodnik commander. According to some researchers, the Chronicle should be interpreted as "And there Brodniks were with Tatars, and ''their'' Voivod Ploskynya [...]". However other disagree, considering that the source should be translated as "And there Brodniks were with Tatars, and Voivod Ploskynya, [...]". After this date, they disappeared from [[Kievan Rus|Rus']] sources.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
In August 1227, [[Pope Gregory IX]] wrote a letter to the bishop of [[Esztergom]] instructing him to convert to Christianity "in [[Cuman]]ia et Bordinia terra illis vicina".<ref name=Knyasky/>
A November 11, 1250 letter of King [[Béla IV of Hungary]] to [[Pope Innocent IV]] says that Tatars imposed tribute onto the countries neighboring with his kingdom: "que ex parte Orientis cum regno nostro conterminantur, sicut Ruscia, [[Cumania]], Brodnici, Bulgaria".<ref name=Knyasky/>
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
* Ghyka, Matila, ''A Documented Chronology of Roumanian History'', Oxford: B. H. Blackwell Ltd. 1941.
[[Category:Medieval ethnic groups of Europe]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Romania]]
[[Category:Medieval Moldavia]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Russia]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Society of Kievan Rus']]
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[]
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# Steve Eise
Steve Eise is a retired American soccer player who played professionally in the American Professional Soccer League.
Eise, brother of David Eise, graduated from Rosary High School in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended St. Louis University, playing on the men's soccer team from 1985 to 1988. On July 9, 1989, the St. Louis Storm selected Eise in the second round of the Major Indoor Soccer League Amateur Draft. He never played a first team game with the Storm. He also played indoors with the Detroit Rockers during the 1990–91 National Professional Soccer League season. In 1990, Eise joined the Colorado Foxes of the American Professional Soccer League. He was a 1990 Second Team All Western Conference and a 1991 All League Honorable Mention defender.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Eise
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2025-05-03T03:18:23Z
|
en
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Q7612469
| 23,977
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{{short description|American soccer player}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Steve Eise
| image =
| caption =
| fullname =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| youthyears1 = 1985–1988
| youthclubs1 = [[Saint Louis Billikens men's soccer|St. Louis Billikens]]
| years1 = 1989–1990
| clubs1 = [[St. Louis Storm]] (indoor)
| caps1 = 0
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 1990–1993
| clubs2 = [[Colorado Foxes]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 1990–1991
| clubs3 = [[Detroit Rockers]] (indoor)
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
}}
'''Steve Eise''' is a retired American [[soccer]] player who played professionally in the [[American Professional Soccer League]].
Eise, brother of [[David Eise]], graduated from Rosary High School in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended [[St. Louis University]], playing on the men's soccer team from 1985 to 1988.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120915200015/http://www.netitor.com/photos/schools/stlo/sports/m-soccer/auto_pdf/history.pdf Billikens alumni]}}</ref> On July 9, 1989, the [[St. Louis Storm]] selected Eise in the second round of the [[MISL I|Major Indoor Soccer League]] Amateur Draft. He never played a first team game with the Storm. He also played indoors with the [[Detroit Rockers]] during the [[1990–91 National Professional Soccer League season]]. In 1990, Eise joined the [[Colorado Foxes]] of the [[American Professional Soccer League]].<ref>[http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1990/statswsa90.htm#Colorado 1990 Colorado Foxes]</ref> He was a [[1990 American Professional Soccer League#West (Western Soccer League) Conference|1990 Second Team All Western Conference]] and a [[1991 American Professional Soccer League#Honors|1991 All League Honorable Mention]] defender.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eise, Steve}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Soccer players from St. Louis]]
[[Category:American men's soccer players]]
[[Category:American Professional Soccer League players]]
[[Category:Colorado Foxes players]]
[[Category:Detroit Rockers players]]
[[Category:Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players]]
[[Category:National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001) players]]
[[Category:Saint Louis Billikens men's soccer players]]
[[Category:St. Louis Storm players]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
{{US-footy-defender-stub}}
| 1,288,512,103
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[{"title": "Steve Eise", "data": {"Position(s)": "Defender"}}, {"title": "Youth career", "data": {"1985\u20131988": "St. Louis Billikens"}}, {"title": "Senior career*", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "1989\u20131990": "St. Louis Storm (indoor) \u00b7 0 \u00b7 (0)", "1990\u20131993": "Colorado Foxes", "1990\u20131991": "Detroit Rockers (indoor)"}}]
| false
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# Łośnica
Łośnica [wɔɕˈnit͡sa] (formerly German Lasbeck) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Połczyn-Zdrój, 24 km (15 mi) east of Świdwin, and 112 km (70 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
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Łośnica
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81o%C5%9Bnica
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2025-07-08T03:08:40Z
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en
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Q345478
| 46,023
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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Łośnica
| settlement_type = Village
| total_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_shield =
| image_map =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Pomeranian Voivodeship|West Pomeranian]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Świdwin County|Świdwin]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój|Połczyn-Zdrój]]
| coordinates = {{coord|53|51|N|16|6|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| website =
}}
'''Łośnica''' {{IPAc-pl|ł|o|ś|'|n|i|c|a}} (formerly German ''Lasbeck'') is a [[village]] in the administrative district of [[Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój]], within [[Świdwin County]], [[West Pomeranian Voivodeship]], in north-western Poland.{{TERYT}} It lies approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north of [[Połczyn-Zdrój]], {{convert|24|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} east of [[Świdwin]], and {{convert|112|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north-east of the regional capital [[Szczecin]].
For the history of the region, see [[History of Pomerania]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój}}
[[Category:Villages in Świdwin County]]
{{Świdwin-geo-stub}}
| 1,299,386,723
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[{"title": "\u0141o\u015bnica", "data": {"Country": "Poland", "Voivodeship": "West Pomeranian", "County": "\u015awidwin", "Gmina": "Po\u0142czyn-Zdr\u00f3j"}}]
| false
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# Libelle of Englyshe Polycye
The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye (or Libel of English Policy) is a fifteenth-century poem written in English. The work exists in two redactions: the first was composed after the siege of Calais in 1436 but before the end of 1438, and a second edition of the work before June 1441. This second edition was probably revised again. Nineteen manuscripts contain the Libelle, which consists of about 1,100 lines in rhyming couplets, with a proem in rhyme-royal and a stanzaic envoi that differs between the poem's two editions.
## Overview
The Libelle combines mercantilism with a jingoistic approach to England's neighbours. It recommends tight control of the British Sea and the Channel in particular to ensure prosperity and tranquility. Given England's waning fortunes in the Hundred Years War following Burgundy's alliance with France after the Treaty of Arras, the Libelle advocates a defence of the wool staple at Calais at any cost, besides "keeping" Wales and Ireland. This staunchly colonial position is complemented by a long list of European territories and countries with an inventory of their commodities. Finally, the poem complains about widespread piracy, the devaluation of English currency, and closes with a meditation on the value of peace.
## Authorship
In 1926, George Warner attributed the poem to Adam Moleyns, but this theory was partly based on Warner's mistaken identification of Moleyns as a member of the family's Lancashire branch. Dismantled by G.A. Holmes in 1961, the theory of Moleyns's authorship has since been abandoned. John Lydgate has also been proposed as the poem's author, but this theory has been rejected by Frank Taylor. William Lyndwood, Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1432 to 1443 and the son of a wool merchant, has also been associated with the poem's production. In 2019, Sebastian Sobecki identified the author as Richard Caudray, Moleyn's immediate predecessor as clerk of the council who stepped down from this role in 1435 and was therefore best placed to compose this poem. Caudray's composition of the Book of the Council, his political views, and a further evidence points to his role behind the poem.
## Reception
Although the poem did not alter foreign policy at the time, it became influential during the formulation of English mercantilism in subsequent centuries. The Paston family appears to have possessed a copy of the work in the fifteenth century. The Libelle was first printed by Hakluyt in the second edition of his Principall Navigations (1598-1600). Another prominent sixteenth-century owner was Elizabeth I's Lord High Treasurer, William Cecil (Lord Burghley). John Selden used the work to mount his case for closed seas in his Mare clausum (1635) and Samuel Pepys, clerk of the acts at the Navy Board, owned a copy, as did the influential seventeenth-century barrister Matthew Hale.
## Critical approaches
Interpretation has focussed on the mercantile aspects of the poem. Carol Meale proposes that the poem's "composition was encouraged by mercantile patronage", whereas John Scattergood suggests that the poem's bullishly colonialist and protectionist outlook offers “a redefinition of the nation” by reference to the “specific sectional interest” of merchants. Sebastian Sobecki draws attention to the use of legal forms in the poem and its interest in documentary authenticity, placing the work in a bureaucratic government context. In his identification of Richard Caudray as the poem's author, Sobecki links the poem's production to Caudray's departure from the council in 1435 and appointment as chief secretary to John Holland, high admiral of England, Ireland, and Aquitaine, and later duke of Exeter.
## Editions
- Warner, George, ed, The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye: A Poem on the Use of Sea-Power, 1436 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926)
- Anthony Bale and Sebastian Sobecki, ed., The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye, in Bale and Sobecki, ed., Medieval English Travel: A Critical Anthology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019), 303-51. ISBN 978-0-19-873378-2
## Bibliography
- Breeze, Andrew, "Sir John Paston, Lydgate, and The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye", Notes and Queries, n.s., 48 (2001), 230-31.
- Edwards, A.S.G., "A New Manuscript of The Libelle of English Policy", Notes and Queries, n.s., 46 (1999), 444-45.
- Henn, Volker, "The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye: Politik und Wirtschaft in England in den 30er Jahren des 15. Jahrhunderts", Hansische Geschichtsblätter, 101 (1983), 43-65.
- Holmes, George, "The Libel of English Policy", The English Historical Review, 76 (1961), 193-216.
- Meale, Carol, "The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye and Mercantile Literary Culture in Late-medieval London", in London and Europe in the Later Middle Ages, ed. by Julia Boffey and Pamela King (London: Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, 1996), 181-228.
- Lester, Godfrey, "The Books of a Fifteenth-Century English Gentleman: Sir John Paston", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 88 (1987), 200-17.
- Scattergood, John, "The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye: the Nation and its Place", in Nation, Court and Culture: New Essays on Fifteenth-Century English Poetry, ed. by Helen Cooney (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001), 28-49.
- Scattergood, John, Politics and Poetry in the Fifteenth Century (London: Blandford Press, 1971).
- Sobecki, Sebastian. “Bureaucratic Verse: William Lyndwood, the Privy Seal, and the Form of the Libelle of Englyshe Polycye.” New Medieval Literatures 12, no. 1 (2011): 251–288. doi: 10.1484/J.NML.1.102188
- Sobecki, Last Words: The Public Self and the Social Author in Late Medieval England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019), 101-26. ISBN 978-0-19-879077-8. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198790778.001.0001
- Sobecki, The Sea and Medieval English Literature (Cambridge: Brewer, 2008), Chapter 6. ISBN 978-1-84615-591-8
- Taylor, Frank. "Some Manuscripts of The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye", John Rylands Library Bulletin, 24 (1940), 376-418.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libelle_of_Englyshe_Polycye
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Q6540497
| 34,098
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{{italic title}}
The '''''Libelle of Englyshe Polycye''''' (or ''Libel of English Policy'') is a fifteenth-century poem written in English. The work exists in two redactions: the first was composed after the [[Siege of Calais (1436)|siege of Calais]] in 1436 but before the end of 1438, and a second edition of the work before June 1441. This second edition was probably revised again.<ref>Frank Taylor has suggested a third edition ("Some Manuscripts of ''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye''").</ref> Nineteen manuscripts contain the ''Libelle'', which consists of about 1,100 lines in rhyming couplets, with a proem in [[Rhyme royal|rhyme-royal]] and a stanzaic envoi that differs between the poem's two editions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sobecki|first=Sebastian|date=2010|title=Bureaucratic Verse: William Lyndwood, the Privy Seal, and the Form of The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye|url=https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/10.1484/J.NML.1.102188|journal=New Medieval Literatures|language=en|volume=12|pages=251–288|doi=10.1484/J.NML.1.102188|issn=1465-3737|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
== Overview ==
The ''Libelle'' combines [[mercantilism]] with a [[jingoistic]] approach to England's neighbours. It recommends tight control of the British Sea and the [[English Channel|Channel]] in particular to ensure prosperity and tranquility. Given England's waning fortunes in the [[Hundred Years War]] following Burgundy's alliance with France after the [[Treaty of Arras (1435)|Treaty of Arras]], the ''Libelle'' advocates a defence of the wool [[The Staple|staple]] at Calais at any cost, besides "keeping" [[Wales]] and [[Ireland]]. This staunchly colonial position is complemented by a long list of European territories and countries with an inventory of their commodities. Finally, the poem complains about widespread [[piracy]], the devaluation of English currency, and closes with a meditation on the value of peace.<ref name="SobeckiBureaucratic">Sobecki, “Bureaucratic Verse", 254.</ref>
== Authorship ==
In 1926, George Warner attributed the poem to [[Adam Moleyns]],<ref>Warner, ''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye'', xxxix-xlvi. Warner first attributed the poem to Moleyns in his review of Hertzberg’s 1878 edition which appeared in ''The Academy'', 14 (1878), 491-92.</ref> but this theory was partly based on Warner's mistaken identification of Moleyns as a member of the family's Lancashire branch. Dismantled by G.A. Holmes in 1961, the theory of Moleyns's authorship has since been abandoned.<ref>Holmes, "''The Libel of English Policy''", 211-12.</ref> [[John Lydgate]] has also been proposed as the poem's author, but this theory has been rejected by Frank Taylor.<ref>Taylor, "Some Manuscripts", 414–18.</ref> [[William Lyndwood]], Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1432 to 1443 and the son of a wool merchant, has also been associated with the poem's production.<ref>Sobecki, “Bureaucratic Verse".</ref> In 2019, Sebastian Sobecki identified the author as Richard Caudray, Moleyn's immediate predecessor as clerk of the council who stepped down from this role in 1435 and was therefore best placed to compose this poem.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sobecki|first=Sebastian|url=https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198790778.001.0001/oso-9780198790778|title=Last Words: The Public Self and the Social Author in Late Medieval England|date=2019-11-28|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-879077-8|edition=1|language=en|doi=10.1093/oso/9780198790778.001.0001}}</ref><ref>Sobecki, ''Last Words'', 101-26.</ref> Caudray's composition of the Book of the Council, his political views, and a further evidence points to his role behind the poem.<ref>Sobecki, ''Last Words'', 101-26.</ref>
== Reception ==
Although the poem did not alter foreign policy at the time, it became influential during the formulation of English mercantilism in subsequent centuries. The [[Paston Letters|Paston]] family appears to have possessed a copy of the work in the fifteenth century. The ''Libelle'' was first printed by [[Richard Hakluyt|Hakluyt]] in the second edition of his ''Principall Navigations'' (1598-1600). Another prominent sixteenth-century owner was Elizabeth I's Lord High Treasurer, [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|William Cecil]] (Lord Burghley). [[John Selden]] used the work to mount his case for [[Mare clausum|closed seas]] in his ''Mare clausum'' (1635) and [[Samuel Pepys]], clerk of the acts at the Navy Board, owned a copy, as did the influential seventeenth-century barrister [[Matthew Hale (jurist)|Matthew Hale]].<ref>Breeze, "Sir John Paston, Lydgate, and ''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye''", Lester, "The Books of a Fifteenth-Century English Gentleman", and Sobecki, “Bureaucratic Verse" 254.</ref>
== Critical approaches ==
Interpretation has focussed on the mercantile aspects of the poem. Carol Meale proposes that the poem's "composition was encouraged by mercantile patronage",<ref>Meale, "The ''Libelle of Englyshe Polycye'' and Mercantile Literary Culture", 216.</ref> whereas John Scattergood suggests that the poem's bullishly colonialist and protectionist outlook offers “a redefinition of the nation” by reference to the “specific sectional interest” of merchants.<ref>Scattergood, "The ''Libelle of Englyshe Polycye'': the Nation and its Place", 33.</ref> Sebastian Sobecki draws attention to the use of legal forms in the poem and its interest in documentary authenticity, placing the work in a bureaucratic government context.<ref>Sobecki, “Bureaucratic Verse", passim.</ref> In his identification of [[Richard Caudray]] as the poem's author, Sobecki links the poem's production to Caudray's departure from the council in 1435 and appointment as chief secretary to [[John_Holland,_2nd_Duke_of_Exeter|John Holland]], high admiral of England, Ireland, and Aquitaine, and later duke of Exeter.<ref>Sobecki, ''Last Words'', 101-26</ref>
== References ==
<references />
== Editions ==
* [https://archive.org/details/the-libelle-of-englyshe-polycye/page/n5/mode/2up Warner, George, ed, ''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye: A Poem on the Use of Sea-Power, 1436'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926)]
* Anthony Bale and Sebastian Sobecki, ed., ''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye'', in Bale and Sobecki, ed., ''Medieval English Travel: A Critical Anthology'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019), 303-51. {{ISBN|978-0-19-873378-2}}
== Bibliography ==
* Breeze, Andrew, "Sir John Paston, Lydgate, and ''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye''", ''Notes and Queries'', n.s., 48 (2001), 230-31.
* Edwards, A.S.G., "A New Manuscript of ''The Libelle of English Policy''", ''Notes and Queries'', n.s., 46 (1999), 444-45.
* Henn, Volker, "''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye'': Politik und Wirtschaft in England in den 30er Jahren des 15. Jahrhunderts", ''Hansische Geschichtsblätter'', 101 (1983), 43-65.
* Holmes, George, "''The Libel of English Policy''", ''The English Historical Review'', 76 (1961), 193-216.
* Meale, Carol, "''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye'' and Mercantile Literary Culture in Late-medieval London", in ''London and Europe in the Later Middle Ages'', ed. by [[Julia Boffey]] and Pamela King (London: Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, 1996), 181-228.
* Lester, Godfrey, "The Books of a Fifteenth-Century English Gentleman: Sir John Paston", ''Neuphilologische Mitteilungen'', 88 (1987), 200-17.
* Scattergood, John, "''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye'': the Nation and its Place", in ''Nation, Court and Culture: New Essays on Fifteenth-Century English Poetry'', ed. by Helen Cooney (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001), 28-49.
* Scattergood, John, ''Politics and Poetry in the Fifteenth Century'' (London: Blandford Press, 1971).
* Sobecki, Sebastian. “Bureaucratic Verse: William Lyndwood, the Privy Seal, and the Form of the ''Libelle of Englyshe Polycye''.” ''New Medieval Literatures'' 12, no. 1 (2011): 251–288. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]: [https://dx.doi.org/10.1484/J.NML.1.102188 10.1484/J.NML.1.102188]
* Sobecki, ''Last Words: The Public Self and the Social Author in Late Medieval England'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019), 101-26. {{ISBN|978-0-19-879077-8}}. {{doi|10.1093/oso/9780198790778.001.0001}}
* Sobecki, ''The Sea and Medieval English Literature'' (Cambridge: Brewer, 2008), Chapter 6. {{ISBN|978-1-84615-591-8}}
* Taylor, Frank. "Some Manuscripts of ''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye"'', ''John Rylands Library Bulletin'', 24 (1940), 376-418.
[[Category:15th-century poems]]
| 1,292,657,297
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[]
| false
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# Smolyansky
Smolyansky is a Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Julie Smolyansky (born 1975), American businesswoman
- Michael Smolyansky (1947–2002), American businessman, father of Julie
|
enwiki/52254371
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enwiki
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Smolyansky
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smolyansky
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2023-09-20T15:23:11Z
|
en
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Q28405118
| 4,667
|
'''Smolyansky''' is a Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* [[Julie Smolyansky]] (born 1975), American businesswoman
* [[Michael Smolyansky]] (1947–2002), American businessman, father of Julie
==See also==
* [[David Smolansky]]
{{surname}}
[[Category:Slavic-language surnames]]
[[Category:Surnames of Jewish origin]]
| 1,176,257,485
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[]
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# Štefan Gerec
Štefan Gerec (born 10 November 1992) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays for Ružomberok.
## Club
### MFK Ružomberok
He made his debut for Ružomberok against Dukla Banská Bystrica on 28 July 2012, in a 1–0 win. In the 86th minute Gerec came on to the pitch, replacing Štefan Pekár, who scored the game's only goal, in the 60th minute. Before the end of the season, Gerec came on as a substitute two more times against Slovan Bratislava and Senica.
|
enwiki/36630581
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enwiki
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Štefan Gerec
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_Gerec
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2025-06-28T21:27:22Z
|
en
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Q4761485
| 42,762
|
{{short description|Slovak footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Štefan Gerec
| image =
| fullname = Štefan Gerec
| height = {{height|meters=1.76|precision=0}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1992|11|10}}
| birth_place = [[Ľubochňa]], [[Czechoslovakia]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=s.r.o [www.esports.cz|first=Project: eSports cz|last2=Strouhová|first2=Graphic: Lucie|last3=Šimr|first3=Coding: Roman|last4=Šimr|first4=Programming: Roman|title=Zavítali sme na športový tábor v Ľubochni|url=https://www.mfkruzomberok.sk/clanek.asp?id=5781|access-date=2021-01-14|website=MFK Ružomberok|language=sk}}</ref>
| currentclub = [[MFK Ružomberok|Ružomberok]]
| clubnumber = 15
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = FK Ľubochňa
| youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = [[MFK Ružomberok|Ružomberok]]
| years1 = 2012–2025 | clubs1 = [[MFK Ružomberok|Ružomberok]] | caps1 = 221 | goals1 = 33
| years2 = 2013 | clubs2 = → [[FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda|DAC Dunajská Streda]] (loan) | caps2 = 12 | goals2 = 4
| years3 = 2013–2014 | clubs3 = → [[ŽP Šport Podbrezová]] (loan) | caps3 = 36 | goals3 = 15
| years4 = 2015–2016 | clubs4 = → [[MFK Tatran Liptovský Mikuláš|Tatran Liptovský Mikuláš]] (loan) | caps4 = 37 | goals4 = 15
| years5 = 2025- | clubs5 = [[FK Dukla Banská Bystrica|Banská Bystrica]] | caps5 = 0| goals5 = 0
| nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = [[Slovakia national under-18 football team|Slovakia U18]] | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 =
| pcupdate = 25 June 2025
| ntupdate =
}}
'''Štefan Gerec''' (born 10 November 1992) is a [[Slovakia|Slovak]] professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays for [[MFK Ružomberok|Ružomberok]].
==Club==
===MFK Ružomberok===
He made his debut for [[MFK Ružomberok|Ružomberok]] against [[FK Dukla Banská Bystrica|Dukla Banská Bystrica]] on 28 July 2012, in a 1–0 win. In the 86th minute Gerec came on to the pitch, replacing [[Štefan Pekár]], who scored the game's only goal, in the 60th minute.<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/07/28/slovakia/super-liga/mfk-ruomberok/fk-dukla-banska-bystrica/1298915/ RUŽOMBEROK VS. DUKLA 1 - 0] 04.08.2012, soccerway.com</ref> Before the end of the season, Gerec came on as a substitute two more times against [[ŠK Slovan Bratislava|Slovan Bratislava]] and [[FK Senica|Senica]].
==External links==
*[http://www.mfkruzomberok.sk/timy/?hrac=hrac.300 MFK Ružomberok profile {{in lang|sk}}]
*{{Soccerway|stefan-gerec/254567}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{MFK Ružomberok squad}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gerec, Stefan}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Ružomberok District]]
[[Category:Footballers from the Žilina Region]]
[[Category:Slovak men's footballers]]
[[Category:Slovakia men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:MFK Ružomberok players]]
[[Category:FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda players]]
[[Category:FK Železiarne Podbrezová players]]
[[Category:MFK Tatran Liptovský Mikuláš players]]
[[Category:Slovak First Football League players]]
[[Category:2. Liga (Slovakia) players]]
[[Category:21st-century Slovak sportsmen]]
{{Slovakia-footy-forward-stub}}
| 1,297,842,115
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[{"title": "\u0160tefan Gerec", "data": {"Full name": "\u0160tefan Gerec", "Date of birth": "10 November 1992", "Place of birth": "\u013duboch\u0148a, Czechoslovakia", "Height": "1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)", "Position(s)": "Forward"}}, {"title": "Team information", "data": {"Current team": "Ru\u017eomberok", "Number": "15"}}, {"title": "Senior career*", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "2012\u20132025": "Ru\u017eomberok \u00b7 221 \u00b7 (33)", "2013": "\u2192 DAC Dunajsk\u00e1 Streda (loan) \u00b7 12 \u00b7 (4)", "2013\u20132014": "\u2192 \u017dP \u0160port Podbrezov\u00e1 (loan) \u00b7 36 \u00b7 (15)", "2015\u20132016": "\u2192 Tatran Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 (loan) \u00b7 37 \u00b7 (15)", "2025-": "Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica \u00b7 0 \u00b7 (0)"}}]
| false
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# Steenwerck
Steenwerck (French pronunciation: [stɛ̃vɛʁk]; Dutch: Steenwerk) is a commune, in French Flanders, in the Nord department in northern France. It is located about 25 km (16 mi) north of Lille. People from Steenwerck are known as Steenwerckois.
It is home to Steenwerck's 100 km à pied race event, which mainly features a 100 km (62 mi) marathon, although most local residents prefer to merely walk one lap (roughly 22 kilometres (14 mi)).
Steenwerck also has its own festival giant, as is the tradition in the Nord Department, which is named Totor and is one of the tallest, measuring 5.70 m (18.7 ft).
Other places of interest include the Museum of Rural Life as well as three Commonwealth war cemeteries, and a German war cemetery, of the First World War.
## Population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| ------------- | ----- | ------- |
| 1968 | 3,172 | — |
| 1975 | 2,990 | −0.84% |
| 1982 | 3,084 | +0.44% |
| 1990 | 3,085 | +0.00% |
| 1999 | 3,263 | +0.63% |
| 2007 | 3,391 | +0.48% |
| 2012 | 3,482 | +0.53% |
| 2017 | 3,673 | +1.07% |
| Source: INSEE | | |
## Heraldry
| Arms of Steenwerck | The arms of Steenwerck are blazoned: Gules, a cross indented argent. (Estourmel and Steenwerck use the same arms.) |
## History
Steenwerck was created by the Franks. The first mention in the 12th century – in 1160 with the invasion by La Becque, from Saint-Jans-Cappel.
Commerce was originally started by the town's founder, la Becque, who built canals with locks right up to Lys. The local weavers were able to deliver their bolts of cloth to the port situated in the town centre from where they would be sent on to the clothes manufacturing town of Armentièrs. The boats used were called martsheps, that is, 'market boats', which were flat bottomed boats. It was by using these boats that local farmers were able to deliver their produce to the neighbouring towns. Boats of this type were used right up until the middle of the 19th century.
## Etymology and evolution of the name
Through the course of history, several variations have appeared: for the period when Middle Dutch was spoken (1150 - 1550) one would see:
- In 1160: Steinwerc
- In 1182: Estenwerck
- In 1260: Stuuinwercke
- In 1331: Steinwerck
- In 1332: Steenwerc
Then in various documents, the name became Stewerc.
In modern Dutch
steen means stone
werk means work, construction
## Transportation
Steenwerck is between Calais and Lille and very close to the Belgian border. It is well-served by road from both cities via the A25 road. Steenwerck is on the Calais Ville section of the Lille-Fontinettes railway to Lille Flanders station.
## Culture and heritage
### Museums
#### The Museum of Rural Life
Built in the central courtyard of an old farm at the start of the 18th century, it shows the activities and trades of a typical Flemish village from 1850 to 1950. With more than 1500 square metres of exhibition space and including more than 6000 objects which bear witness to rural life, the museum allows visitors to rediscover daily life on a farm from that era.
Exhibits show the barn, the granary, the stables, barn, vegetable garden, orchard, pasture, stables, the arboretum. Exhibits to do with the house itself include the kitchen, bedroom, lounge, the bakery, laundry, and the cellar.
Village life is depicted with shops - a tavern, a grocer's, a hatter's, a bakery, a butcher's, a cobbler's, the apothecary, the basket maker, and a hairdresser. There is a school and several businesses including a thatcher, carder, saddler, carpenter, cooper, wheelwright, blacksmith and beekeeper.
#### The Organ Farm
This museum presents a collection of mechanical instruments, mechanical organs, music boxes, phonographs and mechanical pianos. There is also a mechanical violin, of which only a few remain in the world.
### Folk music, dance and celebration
#### Totor: the festival giant
Totor is a processional giant, inaugurated first in 1933, and used on various feast days. His body was made of wood having been made by the local carpenter and cooper; the papier-mâché head was bought in Lille and brought to Steenwerck by bicycle. He measured 4.75 m (15.6 ft) and weighed 60 kg (130 lb). Unfortunately, he disappeared during the Second World War.
Another, much smaller one was made in 1947, but with the public celebration of feast days on the wane, this giant didn't last the humid conditions of storage. Since then, however, two more Totors have been made, one in 1978 and, the one in current use, in 2006. These two are identical to each other in design and measure 5.70 m (18.7 ft), with a weight of 120 kg (260 lb) clothed.
#### Vonchelle: traditional music and dance
In the northern French dialect spoken in Steenwerck "Vonchelle" is a bindweed, a plant which typifies the Flanders volunteer, in that it has very deep roots. Because of this the name has been given to a group which performs traditional dances music at Steenwerck.
The group Vonchelle started in September 1981. Initially it only focused on getting to know and teaching traditional Flemish dances, but a decade later a band was formed and Vonchelle is now involved fully in the Folk circuit.
Their repertoire includes quadrilles, rounds, schottisches, polkas, and waltzes. They also perform from a traditional Flemish heritage, with some borrowings from the Irish repertoire, for example, jigs, circles, and so on, or the centre of France, for example, bourées.
The instruments they use are quite a collection. They have bagpipes, flutes, tin whistles, clarinets, Irish spoons, flutes, violins, guitars, harmonicas, mandolins, derbouhas, bodhrans and accordions.
### Architectural heritage
#### The Church of St John the Baptist
The Church of St John the Baptist is located on the site of a Roman temple, and was mentioned in 1182. It holds a baptismal font from 1587. The church was destroyed during the First World War, but was rebuilt in 1923 to the design of Armand Lemay, an architect from Lille. It consists of a nave and two aisles. In the choir, the stained glass windows of Pierre Turpin, master glass lillois retrace the life of St. John the Baptist. A 1/50 scale model of the church can be seen inside the church which was made in 1951.
### The Church of Our Lady of Sorrows
As early as 1850, the inhabitants of the hamlet of La Croix du Bac, which is included as a part of Steenwerck, but is just over a mile down the road, had designed a project to build a church, despite opposition from the parish priest of Steenwerck, as well as from the town council and local merchants. A plot of land was offered by Mr. Amand Chieux. Some residents of La Croix du Bac gave money, others gave their labour and materials: and, so the Church of Our Lady of Sorrows was built.
When the church was complete, the people asked the diocese for a priest, but the bishop, knowing of local opposition from Steenwerck, refused. So, the people threatened to seek a Protestant pastor, but before a schism could begin the bishop changed his mind and created a new parish, on 26 January 1870, with its own parish priest, Abbé Leleu.
The interior of the church is decorated with 27 devotional statues of popular saints. Because of this, the church is also called "the reliquary of popular devotion".
#### Wayside chapels
As in much of France, wayside shrines and chapels can be seen in and around Steenwerck. Each chapel is a small building with a roof and is designed as a place for people to pray as they pass by. There are 25 chapels scattered around both the town and the hamlet of Steenwerck, "Croix du Bac." The oldest chapel is from the 16th century and the most recent is the chapel of St. Rita, erected in 1979.
#### The Flemish house
The Flemish house was built, in 1890, on the initiative of Pierre Dutrie, in the Gothic Revival style, because of his love of the city of Bruges where he had two friends. He employed the Bruges architect Stephen Timmery, who was known for restoring the monuments of Bruges, to draw the plans and manage the building of the house. All the craftsmen working for the building: bricklayers, stonemasons, carpenters came from this Belgian city.
It was on the death of his mother, in 1982, that her son André Dutrie donated the house to the town for one symbolic franc. It was then made into a museum.
The facade became worn over the years, but it was fully restored in 1994. The interior was completed in late 1999. It has been registered as a historical monument since 1980.
## The Pavillon des Iris
The Pavillon des Iris was successively housing, commerce, industry and convalescent home, it currently houses the office of Tourist information Lys Valley. The pastel-colored facade is adorned with a tree running the entire length of the elevation
## Twinning
- Hemer, Germany, since 1967
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steenwerck
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Steenwerck
|commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image = Steenwerck eglise arr ass.jpg
|caption = The church in Steenwerck
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Steenwerck (Nord).svg
|arrondissement = Dunkerque
|canton = Bailleul
|INSEE = 59581
|postal code = 59181
|mayor = Joël Devos<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|term = 2020–2026
|intercommunality = [[Communauté d'agglomération Cœur de Flandre|CA Cœur de Flandre]]
|coordinates = {{coord|50.701|2.7783|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m = 16
|elevation min m = 13
|elevation max m = 19
|area km2 = 27.47
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
'''Steenwerck''' ({{IPA|fr|stɛ̃vɛʁk}}; Dutch: ''Steenwerk'') is a [[Communes of France|commune]], in [[French Flanders]], in the [[Nord (French department)|Nord]] [[Departments of France|department]] in northern [[France]].<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/59581-steenwerck Commune de Steenwerck (59581)], INSEE</ref> It is located about {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of [[Lille]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bakchich.info/carte-de-france/|title=Carte de France – Bakchich|first=Caion|last=Alves}}</ref> People from Steenwerck are known as ''Steenwerckois''.
It is home to Steenwerck's ''100 km à pied''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://100kmsteenwerck.fr/|title=Accueil - 100km à pied de Steenwerck|website=100kmsteenwerck.fr}}</ref> race event, which mainly features a {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} marathon, although most local residents prefer to merely walk one lap (roughly {{Convert|22|km|mi}}).
Steenwerck also has its own festival giant, as is the tradition in the [[Nord (French department)|Nord Department]], which is named Totor and is one of the tallest, measuring {{convert|5.70|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
Other places of interest include the Museum of Rural Life<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-steenwerck.com/|title=Musée de la Vie Rurale|date=21 March 2024}}</ref> as well as three [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission|Commonwealth war cemeteries]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/20802/LE%20GRAND%20BEAUMART%20BRITISH%20CEMETERY,%20STEENWERCK|title=Le Grand Beaumart British Cemetery, Steenwerck | Cemetery Details | CWGC}}</ref> and a [[German War Graves Commission|German war cemetery]], of the [[First World War]].
==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-59581#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|1968 |3172
|1975 |2990
|1982 |3084
|1990 |3085
|1999 |3263
|2007 |3391
|2012 |3482
|2017 |3673
}}
==Heraldry==
{{Blazon-arms
|img1=Blason ville fr Steenwerck (Nord).svg
|legend1=Arms of Steenwerck
|text=The arms of Steenwerck are [[blazon]]ed:<br />{{SharedArms|Gu.+dent.ar}}
}}
==History==
Steenwerck was created by the [[Franks]]. The first mention in the 12th century – in 1160 with the invasion by La Becque, from Saint-Jans-Cappel.
Commerce was originally started by the town's founder, la Becque, who built canals with locks right up to Lys. The local weavers were able to deliver their bolts of cloth to the port situated in the town centre from where they would be sent on to the clothes manufacturing town of Armentièrs. The boats used were called martsheps, that is, 'market boats', which were flat bottomed boats. It was by using these boats that local farmers were able to deliver their produce to the neighbouring towns. Boats of this type were used right up until the middle of the 19th century.
==Etymology and evolution of the name==
Through the course of history, several variations have appeared: for the period when [[Middle Dutch]] was spoken (1150 - 1550) one would see:
* In 1160: Steinwerc
* In 1182: Estenwerck
* In 1260: Stuuinwercke
* In 1331: Steinwerck
* In 1332: Steenwerc
Then in various documents, the name became Stewerc.
In modern [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
'''steen''' means stone
'''werk''' means work, construction
==Transportation==
[[File:Gare de Steenwerck - 7.JPG|thumb|Steenwerck station]]
Steenwerck is between Calais and Lille and very close to the Belgian border. It is well-served by road from both cities via the A25 road. Steenwerck is on the [[Calais Ville]] section of the [[Lille-Fontinettes railway]] to [[Lille Flanders]] station.
==Culture and heritage==
===Museums===
====The Museum of Rural Life====
Built in the central courtyard of an old farm at the start of the 18th century, it shows the activities and trades of a typical Flemish village from 1850 to 1950. With more than 1500 square metres of exhibition space and including more than 6000 objects which bear witness to rural life, the museum allows visitors to rediscover daily life on a farm from that era.
Exhibits show the barn, the granary, the stables, barn, vegetable garden, orchard, pasture, stables, the arboretum. Exhibits to do with the house itself include the kitchen, bedroom, lounge, the bakery, laundry, and the cellar.
Village life is depicted with shops - a tavern, a grocer's, a hatter's, a bakery, a butcher's, a cobbler's, the apothecary, the basket maker, and a hairdresser. There is a school and several businesses including a thatcher, carder, saddler, carpenter, cooper, wheelwright, blacksmith and beekeeper.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musee-steenwerck.com/v3/|title=Museum of Rural Life - official site}}</ref>
====The Organ Farm====
This museum presents a collection of mechanical instruments, mechanical organs, music boxes, phonographs and mechanical pianos. There is also a mechanical violin, of which only a few remain in the world.
===Folk music, dance and celebration===
====Totor: the festival giant====
[[File:Totor.jpg|thumb|220px|''Totor'' with his trade-mark top-hat, bow-tie and black dinner jacket]]
''Totor'' is a processional giant, inaugurated first in 1933, and used on various feast days. His body was made of wood having been made by the local carpenter and cooper; the papier-mâché head was bought in Lille and brought to Steenwerck by bicycle. He measured {{convert|4.75|m|ft|abbr=on}} and weighed {{convert|60|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Unfortunately, he disappeared during the Second World War.
Another, much smaller one was made in 1947, but with the public celebration of feast days [[Irreligion in France|on the wane]], this giant didn't last the humid conditions of storage. Since then, however, two more Totors have been made, one in 1978 and, the one in current use, in 2006. These two are identical to each other in design and measure {{convert|5.70|m|ft|abbr=on}}, with a weight of {{convert|120|kg|lb|abbr=on}} clothed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://totor-de-steenwerck.e-monsite.com/ |title=Totor of Steenwerck website |access-date=17 August 2012 |archive-date=24 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624021347/http://totor-de-steenwerck.e-monsite.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
====Vonchelle: traditional music and dance====
In the northern French dialect spoken in Steenwerck "Vonchelle" is a bindweed, a plant which typifies the Flanders volunteer, in that it has very deep roots. Because of this the name has been given to a group which performs traditional dances music at Steenwerck.
The group Vonchelle started in September 1981. Initially it only focused on getting to know and teaching traditional Flemish dances, but a decade later a band was formed and Vonchelle is now involved fully in the Folk circuit.
Their repertoire includes quadrilles, rounds, schottisches, polkas, and waltzes. They also perform from a traditional Flemish heritage, with some borrowings from the Irish repertoire, for example, jigs, circles, and so on, or the centre of France, for example, bourées.
The instruments they use are quite a collection. They have bagpipes, flutes, tin whistles, clarinets, Irish spoons, flutes, violins, guitars, harmonicas, mandolins, derbouhas, bodhrans and accordions.<ref>[http://www.valleedelalys.fr/Vonchelle-a-Steenwerck.html Office du Tourisme de la Vallée de la Lys : Vonchelle - STEENWERCK] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130213162511/http://www.valleedelalys.fr/Vonchelle-a-Steenwerck.html |date=2013-02-13 }}</ref>
===Architectural heritage===
====The Church of St John the Baptist====
[[File:Steenwerck-Eglise.jpg|199px|left|thumb|The Church of St John the Baptist at Steenwerck]]The Church of St John the Baptist is located on the site of a Roman temple, and was mentioned in 1182. It holds a baptismal font from 1587. The church was destroyed during the First World War, but was rebuilt in 1923 to the design of Armand Lemay, an architect from Lille. It consists of a nave and two aisles. In the choir, the stained glass windows of Pierre Turpin, master glass lillois retrace the life of St. John the Baptist. A 1/50 scale model of the church can be seen inside the church which was made in 1951.<ref>[http://www.valleedelalys.fr/Eglise-Saint-Jean-Baptiste-a.html Office du Tourisme de la Vallée de la Lys : Eglise Saint Jean Baptiste - STEENWERCK] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130217132703/http://www.valleedelalys.fr/Eglise-Saint-Jean-Baptiste-a.html |date=2013-02-17 }}</ref>
===The Church of Our Lady of Sorrows===
As early as 1850, the inhabitants of the hamlet of La Croix du Bac, which is included as a part of Steenwerck, but is just over a mile down the road, had designed a project to build a church, despite opposition from the parish priest of Steenwerck, as well as from the town council and local merchants. A plot of land was offered by Mr. Amand Chieux. Some residents of La Croix du Bac gave money, others gave their labour and materials: and, so the Church of [[Our Lady of Sorrows]] was built.
When the church was complete, the people asked the diocese for a priest, but the bishop, knowing of local opposition from Steenwerck, refused. So, the people threatened to seek a Protestant pastor, but before a schism could begin the bishop changed his mind and created a new parish, on 26 January 1870, with its own parish priest, Abbé Leleu.
The interior of the church is decorated with 27 devotional statues of popular saints. Because of this, the church is also called "the reliquary of popular devotion".<ref>[http://www.valleedelalys.fr/Eglise-Notre-Dame-des-Sept.html Office du Tourisme de la Vallée de la Lys : L'église Notre-Dame des Sept Douleurs à La Croix du Bac - STEENWERCK] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130213145311/http://www.valleedelalys.fr/Eglise-Notre-Dame-des-Sept.html |date=2013-02-13 }}</ref>
====Wayside chapels====
[[File:Steenwerck-Maison flamande.jpg|199px|right|thumb|The Flemish house]]As in much of France, wayside shrines and chapels can be seen in and around Steenwerck. Each chapel is a small building with a roof and is designed as a place for people to pray as they pass by. There are 25 chapels scattered around both the town and the hamlet of Steenwerck, "Croix du Bac." The oldest chapel is from the 16th century and the most recent is the chapel of St. Rita, erected in 1979.
====The Flemish house====
The Flemish house was built, in 1890, on the initiative of Pierre Dutrie, in the Gothic Revival style, because of his love of the city of Bruges where he had two friends. He employed the Bruges architect Stephen Timmery, who was known for restoring the monuments of Bruges, to draw the plans and manage the building of the house. All the craftsmen working for the building: bricklayers, stonemasons, carpenters came from this Belgian city.
It was on the death of his mother, in 1982, that her son André Dutrie donated the house to the town for one symbolic franc. It was then made into a museum.
The facade became worn over the years, but it was fully restored in 1994. The interior was completed in late 1999. It has been registered as a historical monument since 1980.<ref>[http://www.valleedelalys.fr/Maison-Flamande-STEENWERCK.html Office du Tourisme de la Vallée de la Lys : La Maison Flamande - STEENWERCK] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130213175911/http://www.valleedelalys.fr/Maison-Flamande-STEENWERCK.html |date=2013-02-13 }}</ref>
==The Pavillon des Iris==
[[File:Steenwerck le Pavillon des Iris.JPG|thumb|Tourist information Lys Valley]]
The Pavillon des Iris was successively housing, commerce, industry and convalescent home, it currently houses the office of Tourist information Lys Valley. The pastel-colored facade is adorned with a tree running the entire length of the elevation <ref>'' les Iris de Steenwerck '' by Eric Deghouy and Christian Lalau, 2010, Association steenwerckoise des Amis du Patrimoine</ref>
==Twinning==
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Hemer]], [[Germany]], since 1967
==See also==
*[[Communes of the Nord department]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commons category}}
{{Nord communes}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Communes of Nord (French department)]]
[[Category:French Flanders]]
| 1,292,768,730
|
[{"title": "Steenwerck", "data": {"Country": "France", "Region": "Hauts-de-France", "Department": "Nord", "Arrondissement": "Dunkerque", "Canton": "Bailleul", "Intercommunality": "CA C\u0153ur de Flandre"}}, {"title": "Government", "data": {"\u2022 Mayor (2020\u20132026)": "Jo\u00ebl Devos", "Area1": "27.47 km2 (10.61 sq mi)", "Population (2022)": "3,474", "\u2022 Density": "130/km2 (330/sq mi)", "Time zone": "UTC+01:00 (CET)", "\u2022 Summer (DST)": "UTC+02:00 (CEST)", "INSEE/Postal code": "59581 /59181", "Elevation": "13\u201319 m (43\u201362 ft) \u00b7 (avg. 16 m or 52 ft)"}}]
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# Toshio Kuroda (Islamic professor)
Toshio Kuroda (August 27, 1933 - May 6, 2018) was Professor Emeritus of the International University of Japan of Islamic studies and translated many Islamic texts into Japanese. He was part of a group of academics invited to research Islamic topics at the Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy in Tehran in 1974. There he studied and researched under the guidance of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Toshihiko Izutsu and Henry Corbin.
## Life and academic career
Kuroda was a researcher at the Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy founded in 1974 by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. He returned to Japan after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Kuroda published and translated over twenty works in his career from French, English, and Arabic into Japanese. He translated the works of Henry Corbin, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, W. Montgomery Watt, Al-Ghazali, and Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr.
## Awards and honors
In 1974 received the Japan Translation Culture Award for his contribution of translating the "History of Islamic Philosophy" by Henry Corbin. In 2012 he won the Iran's Book of the Year Awards for the Japanese translation of Badayeh al-Hikmah (The Elements of Islamic Metaphysics) by Allameh Tabataba'i. He's also known for translating the Nahj al-balagha which is a book of sayings attributed to Imam Ali into Japanese.
## Death
Kuroda died in Japan on 6 May 2018 at the age of 84 and funeral was at Yoyogi Cemetery in Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo.
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Toshio Kuroda (Islamic professor)
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{{Distinguish|Toshio Kuroda (Shinto Professor)}}
{{Infobox philosopher
|region = [[Islamic philosophy]]
|era = [[Contemporary philosophy]]
|image =
|caption =
|name = Toshio Kuroda
|death_date = May 6, 2018
|birth_place =
|school_tradition =
|alma_mater =
|main_interests = [[Islamic philosophy]]
|influences =
|influenced =
|notable_ideas =
}}
'''Toshio Kuroda''' (August 27, 1933 - May 6, 2018) was Professor Emeritus of the [[International University of Japan]] of Islamic studies and translated many Islamic texts into Japanese. He was part of a group of academics invited to research Islamic topics at the [[Institute for Research in Philosophy|Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy]] in [[Tehran]] in 1974. There he studied and researched under the guidance of [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]], [[Toshihiko Izutsu]] and [[Henry Corbin]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2018 |title=Prof. Toshio Kuroda's translation of Nahjul Balagha |url=http://iqna.ir/tr/news/3464553 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=International Quran News Agency |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IRIP |title=History of the Institute of Iranian Philosophy |url=https://www.irip.ac.ir/en/about/historyoftheinstitute-History-of-the-Institute-of-Iranian-Philosophy |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=IRIP |language=en}}</ref>
== Life and academic career ==
Kuroda was a researcher at the [[Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy]] founded in 1974 by [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]]. He returned to Japan after the [[Iranian Revolution]] in 1979. Kuroda published and translated over twenty works in his career from French, English, and Arabic into Japanese. He translated the works of [[Henry Corbin]], [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]], [[W. Montgomery Watt]], [[Al-Ghazali]], and [[Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]].<ref name=":0" />
==Awards and honors==
In 1974 received the Japan Translation Culture Award for his contribution of translating the "History of Islamic Philosophy" by [[Henry Corbin]]. In 2012 he won the [[Iran's Book of the Year Awards]] for the Japanese translation of Badayeh al-Hikmah (The Elements of Islamic Metaphysics) by [[Allameh Tabataba'i]].<ref name=":0" /> He's also known for translating the [[Nahj al-balagha]] which is a book of sayings attributed to [[Imam ali|Imam Ali]] into Japanese.
==Death==
Kuroda died in Japan on 6 May 2018 at the age of 84 and funeral was at Yoyogi Cemetery in Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo.<ref name=":0" />
== Further reading ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093228/http://www.glocom.org/opinions/essays/200111_kuroda_islamic2/index.html Islamic Solidarity and Socio-Cultural Tradition, November 2001]
* [http://www.glocom.org/opinions/essays/200110_kuroda_islamic/index.html Islamic Extremists Violating the Islamic Law, October 2001]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuroda, Toshio}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese translators]]
[[Category:Translators of the Quran into Japanese]]
[[Category:Islamic studies scholars]]
[[Category:Iranologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese educators]]
| 1,294,511,912
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[{"title": "Toshio Kuroda", "data": {"Died": "May 6, 2018"}}, {"title": "Philosophical work", "data": {"Era": "Contemporary philosophy", "Region": "Islamic philosophy", "Main interests": "Islamic philosophy"}}]
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# Causey Pike Fault
The Causey Pike Fault or Causey Pike Thrust is a major WSW-ENE trending fault within the Lower Paleozoic rocks of the English Lake District. It is named for Causey Pike, where the fault was first recognised.
## Extent
The Causey Pike Fault has been recognised across the entire outcrop of the Lake District inlier, extending about 35 km from near Ennerdale Bridge in the west, to near Troutbeck in the east. A possible continuation of the fault to the east has been recognised in the Cross Fell inlier, where it also juxtaposes two differing parts of the Skiddaw Group.
## Recognition
It juxtaposes two successions dominated by mudrocks that are of similar age. To the north of the fault, the Ordovician Skiddaw Group is represented by the Kirk Stile Formation, to the south by the Buttermere Formation, both of Arenig age. The younger sequence of volcanic rocks overlying the Skiddaw Group also differs, with the Eycott Volcanic Group to the north and the Borrowdale Volcanic Group to the south. The fault is described as a thrust near Causey Pike, where metasomatised rocks of the Crummock Water Aureole are emplaced over sandstone olistoliths of the Buttermere Formation, but the overall displacement on this structure is oblique, with a significant component of sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip motion.
## Age of movement
The differences in stratigraphy and interpreted depositional environment across the fault may indicate that the fault was originally a normal fault, active during deposition of the Skiddaw Group. The oblique slip movement on the fault occurred during the Acadian Orogeny, at least in part postdating the contact metamorphism that caused the development of the Crummock Water Aureole (dated to about 401 Ma - Emsian), which itself postdates the formation of the regional cleavage seen within the Skiddaw Group.
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Causey Pike Fault
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causey_Pike_Fault
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2025-05-28T16:58:19Z
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en
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Q19587159
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{{Short description|Major fault zone in the English Lake District}}[[File:Causey Pike from Ard Crags.jpg|thumb|The Causey Pike Fault visible at the base of the crags on [[Causey Pike]] and across the flank of [[Scar Crags]], viewed from [[Ard Crags]]]]
[[File:Faulted contact on Causey Pike.JPG|thumb|Rocks of the Crummock Water Aureole, thrust over a sandstone olistolith of the Buttermere Formation, just below the top of Causey Pike]]
The '''Causey Pike Fault''' or '''Causey Pike Thrust''' is a major WSW-ENE trending [[fault (geology)|fault]] within the [[Paleozoic|Lower Paleozoic]] rocks of the English [[Lake District]]. It is named for [[Causey Pike]], where the fault was first recognised.
==Extent==
The Causey Pike Fault has been recognised across the entire outcrop of the Lake District [[inlier]], extending about 35 km from near [[Ennerdale Bridge]] in the west, to near [[Troutbeck, Eden|Troutbeck]] in the east. A possible continuation of the fault to the east has been recognised in the [[Cross Fell]] inlier, where it also juxtaposes two differing parts of the [[Skiddaw Group]].<ref name="Millward&Stone"/>
==Recognition==
It juxtaposes two successions dominated by [[mudrock]]s that are of similar age.<ref name="Millward&Stone">{{cite web | url=https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17965/ | title=Stratigraphical framework for the Ordovician and Silurian sedimentary strata of northern England and the Isle of Man | publisher=[[British Geological Survey]] | work=Research Report RR/12/04 | date=2012 | accessdate=23 December 2014 | author=Millward D. & Stone P.}}</ref> To the north of the fault, the [[Ordovician]] Skiddaw Group is represented by the Kirk Stile Formation, to the south by the Buttermere Formation, both of [[Arenig]] age. The younger sequence of volcanic rocks overlying the Skiddaw Group also differs, with the [[Eycott Volcanic Group]] to the north and the [[Borrowdale Volcanic Group]] to the south. The fault is described as a [[thrust fault|thrust]] near Causey Pike, where [[metasomatism|metasomatised]] rocks of the [[Crummock Water]] [[metamorphic aureole|Aureole]] are emplaced over [[sandstone]] [[olistostrome|olistoliths]] of the Buttermere Formation, but the overall displacement on this structure is oblique, with a significant component of sinistral (left lateral) [[Fault_(geology)#Strike-slip_faults|strike-slip]] motion.<ref name="Stone et al 1999"/>
==Age of movement==
The differences in stratigraphy and interpreted [[sedimentary depositional environment|depositional environment]] across the fault may indicate that the fault was originally a normal fault, active during deposition of the Skiddaw Group. The oblique slip movement on the fault occurred during the [[Acadian Orogeny]], at least in part postdating the [[Metamorphism#Contact (thermal)|contact metamorphism]] that caused the development of the Crummock Water Aureole (dated to about 401 Ma - [[Devonian#subdivisions|Emsian]]), which itself postdates the formation of the regional [[cleavage (geology)|cleavage]] seen within the Skiddaw Group.<ref name="Stone et al 1999">{{cite journal | url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/160/1/325.abstract | title=The Skiddaw Group (English Lake District) reviewed: early Palaeozoic sedimentation and tectonism at the northern margin of Avalonia | author=Stone P., Cooper A.H. & Evans J.A. | journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications | year=1999 | volume=160 | pages=325-336 | doi=10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.21| url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Geology of Cumbria]]
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[]
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# Ethmia joviella
Ethmia joviella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found on the Caribbean islands of Dominica and Grenada.
The length of the forewings is 5.8–6.7 mm (0.23–0.26 in). The ground color of the forewings is white, the costal area broadly dusted with brownish gray. The markings are black. The ground color of the hindwings is gray-brown. Adults are on wing in February, March and July in Dominica. There are multiple generations per year.
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Ethmia joviella
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethmia_joviella
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en
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Q5403885
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{{short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| genus = Ethmia
| species = joviella
| authority = [[Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham|Walsingham]], 1897
| synonyms =
}}
'''''Ethmia joviella''''' is a [[moth]] in the family [[Depressariidae]]. It is found on the Caribbean islands of [[Dominica]] and [[Grenada]].
The length of the forewings is {{cvt|5.8|–|6.7|mm}}. The ground color of the forewings is white, the costal area broadly dusted with brownish gray. The markings are black. The ground color of the hindwings is gray-brown. Adults are on wing in February, March and July in Dominica. There are multiple generations per year.<ref name="Powell 1973">{{cite journal |url=https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/5390 |title=A systematic monograph of New World ethmiid moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) |last=Powell |first=Jerry |date=1973 |journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology |volume=120 |pages=1–302 |doi=10.5479/si.00810282.120 |doi-access=free |hdl=10088/5390 |url-access=subscription }}{{PD-notice}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5403885}}
[[Category:Moths described in 1897]]
[[Category:Ethmia|joviella]]
{{Ethmiinae-stub}}
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[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Lepidoptera", "Family": "Depressariidae", "Genus": "Ethmia", "Species": "E. joviella"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Ethmia joviella \u00b7 Walsingham, 1897"}}]
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# United Nations Security Council Resolution 899
United Nations Security Council resolution 899, adopted unanimously on 4 March 1994, after recalling Resolution 833 (1993) and considering a letter by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali concerning the matter of the Iraqi private citizens and their assets which remained on Kuwaiti territory following the demarcation of the international boundary between Iraq and Kuwait, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, decided that compensation payments may be remitted to the private citizens concerned in Iraq, notwithstanding the provisions of Resolution 661 (1991).
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 899
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_899
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2025-01-22T12:36:28Z
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Q3268999
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox UN resolution
|number = 899
|organ = SC
|date = 4 March
|year = 1994
|meeting = 3,343
|code = S/RES/899
|document = https://undocs.org/S/RES/899(1994)
|for = 15
|abstention = 0
|against = 0
|subject = Iraq–Kuwait
|result = Adopted
|image = Kuwait's boundaries and other features.png
|caption = Kuwait
}}
'''United Nations Security Council resolution 899''', adopted unanimously on 4 March 1994, after recalling [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 833|Resolution 833]] (1993) and considering a letter by the Secretary-General [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]] concerning the matter of the [[Iraq]]i private citizens and their assets which remained on Kuwaiti territory following the [[Demarcation line|demarcation]] of the international boundary between Iraq and [[Kuwait]], the council, acting under [[Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter]], decided that compensation payments may be remitted to the private citizens concerned in Iraq, notwithstanding the provisions of [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 661|Resolution 661]] (1991).<ref>{{cite book|last=Boutros-Ghali|first=Boutros|title=The United Nations and the Iraq–Kuwait conflict, 1990–1996|publisher=United Nations, Dept. of Public Information|date=1996|page=135|isbn=978-92-1-100596-7}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Gulf War]]
* [[Invasion of Kuwait]]
* [[Kuwait–Iraq barrier]]
* [[List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 801 to 900]] (1993–1994)
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{wikisource-inline}}
*[https://undocs.org/S/RES/899(1994) Text of the Resolution at undocs.org]
{{UNSCR 1994}}
[[Category:1994 United Nations Security Council resolutions| 0899]]
[[Category:United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq| 0899]]
[[Category:1994 in Iraq]]
[[Category:1994 in Kuwait]]
[[Category:March 1994]]
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[{"title": "UN Security Council \u00b7 Resolution 899", "data": {"Date": "4 March 1994", "Meeting no.": "3,343", "Code": "S/RES/899 (Document)", "Subject": "Iraq\u2013Kuwait", "Voting summary": "- 15 voted for - None voted against - None abstained", "Result": "Adopted"}}, {"title": "Security Council composition", "data": {"Permanent members": "- China - France - Russia - United Kingdom - United States", "Non-permanent members": "- Argentina - Brazil - Czech Republic - Djibouti - New Zealand - Nigeria - Oman - Pakistan - Rwanda - Spain"}}]
| false
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# 1973 in India
These are the events that happened during 1973 in the Republic of India:
## Incumbents
- President of India – V. V. Giri
- Prime Minister of India – Indira Gandhi
- Vice President of India – Gopal Swarup Pathak
- Chief Justice of India – Sarv Mittra Sikri (until 26 April), Ajit Nath Ray (starting 26 April)
### Governors
- Andhra Pradesh – Khandubhai Kasanji Desai
- Assam – Braj Kumar Nehru (until 19 September), L. P. Singh (starting 19 September)
- Bihar – Dev Kant Baruah (until 4 February), Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare (starting 4 February)
- Gujarat –
- until 17 March: Shriman Narayan
- 17 March-4 April: P.N. Bhagwati
- starting 4 April: Kambanthodath Kunhan Vishwanatham
- Haryana – Birendra Narayan Chakraborty
- Himachal Pradesh – S. Chakravarti
- Jammu and Kashmir – Bhagwan Sahay (until 3 July), L. K. Jha (starting 3 July)
- Karnataka – Mohanlal Sukhadia
- Kerala – V. Viswanathan (until 1 April), N. N. Wanchoo (starting 1 April)
- Madhya Pradesh – Satya Narayan Sinha
- Maharashtra – Ali Yavar Jung
- Manipur – B. K. Nehru (until 20 September), L.P. Singh (starting 21 September)
- Meghalaya – B.K. Nehru (until 18 September), L.P. Singh (starting 18 September)
- Nagaland – B.K. Nehru (until 18 September), L.P. Singh (starting 18 September)
- Odisha – Basappa Danappa Jatti
- Punjab – Dadappa Chintappa Pavate (until 21 May), Mahendra Mohan Choudhry (starting 21 May)
- Rajasthan – Sardar Jogendra Singh
- Tamil Nadu – Kodardas Kalidas Shah
- Tripura – B. K. Nehru (until 23 September), L. P. Singh (starting 23 September)
- Uttar Pradesh – Akbar Ali Khan
- West Bengal – Anthony Lancelot Dias
## Events
- National income — ₹672,407 million
- 10 January — P. V. Narasimha Rao resigns as Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh following the resignation of ministers from Coastal Andhra post the 1972 Jai Andhra movement.
- 1 April – Government campaign to save the tiger from extinction.
- 24 April –
- Verdict of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala pronounced. Supreme Court of India upholds basic structure doctrine.[1][2]
- Chipko movement in Garhwal division against logging under the leadership of Chandi Prasad Bhatt.[3][4]
- 24 May — Provincial Armed Constabulary revolt in Lucknow claims more than 40 lives.[5][6]
- 31 May – Indian Airlines Flight 440 crash at Palam International Airport killing 48 of the 65 on board.[7]
- 27 October — Indira Gandhi inaugurates world's first Women Police Station in the world at Kozhikode.[8]
- 1 November – State of Mysore is renamed Karnataka State.[9]
- 12 November — Bharatiya Jana Sangh leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee and two other leaders drove a Bullock cart to the Parliament of India on the first day of winter session to protest against fuel price hike in India following the oil crisis.[10][11]
- 27 November — Aruna Shanbaug case.
## Law
Foreign Exchange Regulation Act was passed.
Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) was enacted.
## Births
### January to June
- 4 January – D. J. Gokulakrishnan, cricketer. (d. 2023)
- 5 January – Uday Chopra, actor.
- Rahul Dravid11 January – Rahul Dravid, cricketer.
- 12 January – Saakshi Tanwar, actress.
- 20 February – Priyanshu Chatterjee, film actor, previously model.
- 14 March – Rohit Shetty, film director.
- 20 March – Arjun Atwal, golfer.
- 3 April – Prabhu Deva, actor, choreographer and director.
- 6 April – Prashanth, actor.
- Sachin Tendulkar24 April – Sachin Tendulkar, cricketer.[12]
- 26 April – Samuthirakani, actor and film director.
- 1 May – Diana Hayden, Miss World and actress
- Leander Paes17 June – Leander Paes, tennis player.
- 13 June – Arunabha Sengupta, novelist and sports writer
- 18 June – Baljit Singh Dhillon, field hockey player.
- 29 June – Samir Choughule, actor and writer
### July to December
- 30 July – Sonu Sood, actor and philanthropist.
- 1 September – Ram Kapoor, actor.
- 5 October – Vishwas Nangare Patil, Indian police officer.
- 10 October – S. S. Rajamouli, film director.
- Aishwarya Rai1 November – Aishwarya Rai, actress.
- 27 November – Satyendra Dubey, LATE Indian Engineering Service (IES) officer. (d. 2003)
## Deaths
- 31 May – Mohan Kumaramangalam, politician.[13]
- 14 October – Siddavanahalli Krishna Sarma, writer, translator, freedom fighter, journalist, social worker and educationist (b. 1904)
- 20 November – Prabodhankar Thackeray, Politician, Social Activist in the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, Author (b. 1885)
- 24 December - Periyar social reformer who started Self-Respect Movement and laid the rock bed of Dravidian movement.(b.1879)
- 30 December – V. Nagayya, actor, composer, director, producer, writer and playback singer (b. 1904).
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Q4575805
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2022}}
{{Year in India|1973}}
These are the events that happened during 1973 in the Republic of India:
==Incumbents==
* [[President of India]] – [[V. V. Giri]]
* [[Prime Minister of India]] – [[Indira Gandhi]]
* [[Vice President of India]] – [[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]
* [[Chief Justice of India]] – [[Sarv Mittra Sikri]] (until 26 April), [[Ajit Nath Ray]] (starting 26 April)
===Governors===
* [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] – [[Khandubhai Kasanji Desai]]
* [[List of governors of Assam|Assam]] – [[Braj Kumar Nehru]] (until 19 September), [[L. P. Singh]] (starting 19 September)
* [[List of governors of Bihar|Bihar]] – [[Dev Kant Baruah]] (until 4 February), [[Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare]] (starting 4 February)
* [[List of governors of Gujarat|Gujarat]] –
** until 17 March: [[Shriman Narayan]]
** 17 March-4 April: [[P.N. Bhagwati]]
** starting 4 April: [[Kambanthodath Kunhan Vishwanatham]]
* [[List of governors of Haryana|Haryana]] – [[Birendra Narayan Chakraborty]]
* [[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]] – S. Chakravarti
* [[List of governors of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]] – [[Bhagwan Sahay]] (until 3 July), [[L. K. Jha]] (starting 3 July)
* [[List of governors of Karnataka|Karnataka]] – [[Mohanlal Sukhadia]]
* [[List of governors of Kerala|Kerala]] – [[V. Viswanathan]] (until 1 April), [[N. N. Wanchoo]] (starting 1 April)
* [[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] – [[Satya Narayan Sinha]]
* [[List of governors of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] – [[Ali Yavar Jung]]
* [[List of governors of Manipur|Manipur]] – [[B. K. Nehru]] (until 20 September), [[L.P. Singh]] (starting 21 September)
* [[List of governors of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]] – [[B.K. Nehru]] (until 18 September), [[L.P. Singh]] (starting 18 September)
* [[List of governors of Nagaland|Nagaland]] – [[B.K. Nehru]] (until 18 September), [[L.P. Singh]] (starting 18 September)
* [[List of governors of Odisha|Odisha]] – [[Basappa Danappa Jatti]]
* [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[D. C. Pavate|Dadappa Chintappa Pavate]] (until 21 May), [[Mahendra Mohan Choudhry]] (starting 21 May)
* [[List of governors of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] – [[Sardar Jogendra Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] – [[Kodardas Kalidas Shah]]
* [[List of governors of Tripura|Tripura]] – [[B. K. Nehru]] (until 23 September), [[L. P. Singh]] (starting 23 September)
* [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] – [[Akbar Ali Khan (politician)|Akbar Ali Khan]]
* [[List of governors of West Bengal|West Bengal]] – [[Anthony Lancelot Dias]]
==Events==
* National income — {{INR}}672,407 million
* 10 January — [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] resigns as [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh]] following the resignation of ministers from [[Coastal Andhra]] post the [[1972 Jai Andhra movement]].
* 1 April – Government campaign to save the [[tiger]] from extinction.
* 24 April –
** Verdict of [[Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala]] pronounced. [[Supreme Court of India]] upholds [[basic structure doctrine]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-13|title=Explained: In SC reading of basic structure, the signature of Kesavananda Bharati|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/kesavananda-bharati-case-basic-structure-of-the-constitution-supreme-court-6585110/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Austin |first=Granville |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r42bAAAAMAAJ |title=Working a Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0195648889 |pages=264 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Chipko movement]] in [[Garhwal division]] against [[logging]] under the leadership of [[Chandi Prasad Bhatt]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=FRONTLINE |first=TEAM |date=2022-08-14 |title=1973: Chipko movement starts |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/india-at-75-epochal-moments-1973-chipko-movement-starts/article65722688.ece |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-26 |title=What is the Chipko movement? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/what-is/what-is-the-chipko-movement-google-doodle-5111644/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 24 May — [[1973 Provincial Armed Constabulary revolt|Provincial Armed Constabulary revolt]] in [[Lucknow]] claims more than 40 lives.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-06-01 |title=When LU became ground zero for PAC revolt |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/when-lu-became-ground-zero-for-pac-revolt/articleshow/64417667.cms |access-date=2023-10-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1973-05-24 |title=Death Toll Is 40 in Indian State As Revolt by Police Continues |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/24/archives/death-toll-is-40-in-indian-state-as-revolt-by-police-continues.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* 31 May – [[Indian Airlines Flight 440]] crash at [[Palam International Airport]] killing 48 of the 65 on board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lodi News-Sentinel – Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_pszAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5529,2776816&dq=new+delhi+indian+airlines+crash&hl=en |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=news.google.com}}</ref>
* 27 October — [[Indira Gandhi]] inaugurates world's first [[Women in law enforcement|Women Police Station]] in the world at [[Kozhikode]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first=|date=2023-10-17 |title=Asia’s first women’s police station, in Kozhikode, set to celebrate golden jubilee |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/asias-first-womens-police-station-in-kozhikode-set-to-celebrate-golden-jubilee/article67430281.ece |access-date=2023-10-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 1 November – [[State of Mysore]] is renamed [[Karnataka|Karnataka State]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=What happened in 1973? |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-what-happened-in-1973-2138759 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
* 12 November — [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] leader [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and two other leaders drove a [[Bullock cart]] to the [[Parliament of India]] on the first day of winter session to protest against fuel price hike in [[India]] following the [[1973 oil crisis|oil crisis]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1973-11-13 |title=BOTH RIGHT AND LEFT ASSAIL MRS. GANDHI |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/13/archives/both-right-and-left-assail-mrs-gandhi.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Photos: When Vajpayee arrived in Parliament on a bullock cart, and more |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/india-news/photos-former-prime-minister-atal-bihari-vajpayee-dies-at-93/photo-09LU3euLsaKffSdawR6lyO.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* 27 November — [[Aruna Shanbaug case]].
==Law==
Foreign Exchange Regulation Act was passed.
Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) was enacted.
==Births==
===January to June===
*4 January – [[D. J. Gokulakrishnan]], cricketer. (d. 2023)
*5 January – [[Uday Chopra]], actor.
*[[File:Former Indian captain Rahul Dravid at play.jpg|thumb|172x172px|[[Rahul Dravid]]]]11 January – [[Rahul Dravid]], cricketer.
*12 January – [[Saakshi Tanwar]], actress.
*20 February – [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]], film actor, previously model.
*14 March {{ndash}} [[Rohit Shetty]], film director.
*20 March – [[Arjun Atwal]], golfer.
*3 April {{ndash}} [[Prabhu Deva]], actor, choreographer and director.
*6 April – [[Prashanth]], actor.
*[[File:Sachin Tendulkar at MRF Promotion Event.jpg|thumb|119x119px|[[Sachin Tendulkar]]]]24 April – [[Sachin Tendulkar]], cricketer.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/sachin-tendulkar-birthday-turns-46-1508795-2019-04-24 |date=24 April 2019 |title=Happy Birthday Sachin Tendulkar: Master Blaster turns 46 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=11 May 2019}}</ref>
*26 April {{ndash}} [[Samuthirakani]], actor and film director.
*1 May – [[Diana Hayden]], [[Miss World]] and actress
*[[File:Leander Paes (19209244146).jpg|thumb|147x147px|[[Leander Paes]]]]17 June – [[Leander Paes]], tennis player.
*13 June – [[Arunabha Sengupta]], novelist and sports writer
*18 June – [[Baljit Singh Dhillon]], field hockey player.
*29 June – [[Samir Choughule]], actor and writer
===July to December===
* 30 July {{ndash}} [[Sonu Sood]], actor and philanthropist.
* 1 September – [[Ram Kapoor]], actor.
*5 October – [[Vishwas Nangare Patil]], Indian police officer.
*10 October {{ndash}} [[S. S. Rajamouli]], film director.
*[[File:Aishwarya International Dance Congress Meet.jpg|thumb|150x150px|[[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]]]]1 November – [[Aishwarya Rai]], actress.
*27 November – [[Satyendra Dubey]], LATE Indian Engineering Service (IES) officer. (d. 2003)
==Deaths==
* 31 May – [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]], politician.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lUpQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ulcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5720,127936&dq=new+delhi+indian+airlines+crash&hl=en 3 Americans survive, but 4 die in New Delhi crash]</ref>
* 14 October – [[Siddavanahalli Krishna Sarma]], writer, translator, freedom fighter, journalist, social worker and educationist (b. 1904)
*20 November – [[Prabodhankar Thackeray]], Politician, Social Activist in the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Movement]], Author (b. 1885)
*24 December - [[Periyar]] social reformer who started [[Self-Respect Movement]] and laid the rock bed of [[Dravidian movement]].(b.1879)
*30 December – [[V. Nagayya]], actor, composer, director, producer, writer and playback singer (b. 1904).
== See also ==
* [[List of Bollywood films of 1973]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commonscatinline}}
{{Years in India}}
{{Year in Asia|1973}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1973 in India}}
[[Category:1973 in India| ]]
[[Category:1973 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in India]]
[[Category:1970s in India]]
[[Category:1973 in Asia]]
| 1,292,651,682
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1972 - 1971 - 1970": "1973 \u00b7 in \u00b7 India \u00b7 \u2192 - 1974 - 1975 - 1976", "Centuries": "18th 19th 20th 21st", "Decades": "1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s", "See also": "List of years in India \u00b7 Timeline of Indian history"}}]
| false
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# Platanthera cristata
Platanthera cristata, commonly known as the crested yellow orchid or the crested orange bog orchid, is a species of orchid, a flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to North America. It was first formally described in 1835 by English botanist, John Lindley.
It produces 2–4 stem leaves and bears a dense inflorescence of multiple showy, bright orange flowers. The labellum is often highly fringed, and a spur protrudes from the back of the flower with a triangular or key-hole shaped opening. It can be found growing in moist meadows, marshes, and prairies, as well as in sphagnum bogs and wooded flats across the southeastern United States from Texas to Florida and up the east coast to New Hampshire.
|
enwiki/61319803
|
enwiki
| 61,319,803
|
Platanthera cristata
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanthera_cristata
|
2025-06-28T06:44:15Z
|
en
|
Q15436490
| 39,985
|
{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Orange yellow crested orchid platanthera cristata blossoms on stem.jpg
| image_caption =
| genus = Platanthera
| species = cristata
| authority = ([[Michx.]]) [[Lindl.]]
| synonyms = ''Blephariglottis cristata''
| range_map =
| range_map_caption =
}}
'''''Platanthera cristata''''', commonly known as the '''crested yellow orchid''' or the '''crested orange bog orchid''', is a species of [[Orchidaceae|orchid]], a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Orchidaceae]], native to North America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.southeasternflora.com/view_flora.php?plantid=1080|title=Platanthera cristata|website=www.southeasternflora.com|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/plant-profile?symbol=PLCR|title=Plants Profile for Platanthera cristata (crested yellow orchid)|website=plants.usda.gov|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant.aspx?id=3780|title=Platanthera cristata – Species Details|website=Atlas of Florida Plants|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref> It was first [[species description|formally described]] in 1835 by English botanist, [[John Lindley]].
It produces 2–4 stem leaves and bears a dense [[inflorescence]] of multiple showy, bright orange flowers. The [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] is often highly fringed, and a spur protrudes from the back of the flower with a triangular or key-hole shaped opening. It can be found growing in moist [[meadow]]s, [[marsh]]es, and [[prairie]]s, as well as in [[sphagnum]] [[bog]]s and wooded flats across the southeastern United States from Texas to Florida and up the east coast to New Hampshire.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15436490}}
[[Category:Orchids of the United States]]
[[Category:Platanthera|cristata]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1835]]
[[Category:Flora of Northern America]]
{{Orchidoideae-stub}}
| 1,297,745,700
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Kingdom": "Plantae", "Clade": ["Tracheophytes", "Angiosperms", "Monocots"], "Order": "Asparagales", "Family": "Orchidaceae", "Subfamily": "Orchidoideae", "Genus": "Platanthera", "Species": "P. cristata"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Platanthera cristata \u00b7 (Michx.) Lindl."}}, {"title": "Synonyms", "data": {"Synonyms": "Blephariglottis cristata"}}]
| false
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# Order of Merit of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
The Order of Merit of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (German: Verdienstorden des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) is a civil order of merit, and the highest award of the German State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The award is presented to men and women for exceptional performance over a long period of time, or an extraordinary individual performance for the benefit of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Founded in 2001 and first presented in 2002, the order may be presented to up to 20 persons per year.
## Notable recipients
- Reinhart Kny, President of FC Anker Wismar
- Horst Klinkmann
- Berthold Beitz
- Solveig Leo
|
enwiki/35340884
|
enwiki
| 35,340,884
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Order of Merit of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|
2024-10-30T19:52:02Z
|
en
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Q474419
| 28,417
|
{{infobox order
| name = Order of Merit of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern<br />''Verdienstorden des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern''
| image = [[File:Verdienstorden Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.jpg|200px]]
| caption = Badge and ribbon of the order
| awarded_by = the [[List of ministers-president of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|Minister-President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]
| country = [[Germany]]
| type = Civil order of merit
| eligibility =
| for = Outstanding service to the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
| campaign =
| status =
| description =
| motto =
| clasps =
|head_title = Grand Master
|head = [[Manuela Schwesig]]
| grades = Member
| post-nominals =
| established = 23 April 2001
| last_award =
| total =
| posthumous =
| recipients =
| precedence_label =
| individual =
| higher =
| same =
| lower =
| related =
| image2 = [[File:DE-MV Der Verdienstorden des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern BAR.png|100px]]
| caption2 = Ribbon bar of the order
}}
The '''Order of Merit of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern''' ({{langx|de|Verdienstorden des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern}}) is a civil [[Order (honour)|order of merit]], and the highest award of the [[Germany|German]] [[States of Germany|State]] of [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]. The award is presented to men and women for exceptional performance over a long period of time, or an extraordinary individual performance for the benefit of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Founded in 2001 and first presented in 2002, the order may be presented to up to 20 persons per year.<ref name=statute>{{cite web |url=https://beck-online.beck.de/Dokument?vpath=bibdata%2Fges%2Fmvlordeng%2Fcont%2Fmvlordeng.htm&anchor=Y-100-G-MVLORDENG |title=Gesetz über den Verdienstorden des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |date=23 April 2001 |website=beck-online |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref>
==Notable recipients==
*Reinhart Kny, President of [[FC Anker Wismar]]
*[[Horst Klinkmann]]
*[[Berthold Beitz]]
*[[Solveig Leo]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://ordensmuseum.de/landesverdienstorden/1355-2/ Der Verdienstorden des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]
{{Orders of merit of Germany}}
[[Category:Awards established in 2001|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]
[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the states of Germany|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]
[[Category:Culture of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Germany]]
| 1,254,391,795
|
[{"title": "Awarded by the Minister-President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern", "data": {"Type": "Civil order of merit", "Established": "23 April 2001", "Country": "Germany", "Awarded for": "Outstanding service to the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern", "Grand Master": "Manuela Schwesig", "Grades": "Member"}}]
| false
|
# Matthew Guthrie
Matthew Guthrie (1743 – 30 August 1807) was a Scottish physician, mineralogist and traveller who rose to be councillor to the Russian royal family. He made extensive studies of Russian history and folklore, and did much to foster international relationships between Russia and Scotland and promote Russian culture. He was one of the founders of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
His life closely paralleled that of Dr John Grieve and they were undoubtedly acquainted and probably friends. He was also a friend of John Howard who had also visited Russia.
## Life
He was born in Edinburgh in 1743, son of Henry (Harie) Guthrie, 9th Baron Haukerton (Halkerton) (1709–1794) and Rachel (née Milne, 1719–1746), and grandson of Rev Gideon Guthrie of Fetteresso and later Bishop of Brechin. His mother died when he was young. His father abandoned his title as Baron in 1747 following the Jacobite Rising of 1745 to avoid ill-feeling. His father remarried, to Elizabeth Tytler of Woodhouselee, younger sister of William Tytler. The family lived in the Nicholson area of Edinburgh, where the father worked as a lawyer in "Durie's Office".
Guthrie attended the High School in Edinburgh then studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He matriculated in 1764, there is no record of his graduation. He does appear to have trained as a surgeon. He went to Russia in 1769 and stayed there for most of his life. His initial role was as physician to the 1st and 2nd Imperial Corps of Noble Cadets in Saint Petersburg. He was granted an MD in Saint Petersburg in 1776. He later became a personal Councillor to both Tsar Alexander I and his wife, Empress Elizabeth.
In 1782 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London. In 1783 he was a Founding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
He died in Saint Petersburg, Russia on 30 August 1807.
## Family
He was married to Marie or Maria Dunant (of French descent and sometimes called Marie de Romaud-Survesnes) on 31 May 1781 at the British Chaplaincy in Saint Petersburg in Russia. She had previously directed a convent school responsible for educating the female nobility of Russia. They had two daughters, Anastasia Jessie Guthrie (1782–1855) and Mary Elizabeth Guthrie (1789–1850). Anastasia married 59-year-old Charles Gascoigne in 1797 when she was 15.
Following Gascoigne's death in 1809 she married Thomson Bonar of Campden. Their daughter Anastasia Bonar (1812–1857) was the second wife of her cousin, Patrick Fraser Tytler.
Guthrie's second daughter, Mary Elizabeth, married General Sir James Hay KCH.
Guthrie's older sister Euphan married Charles Wright and was mother-in-law to Professor John Robison.
## Publications
- Original Anecdotes of Peter the Great (1793)
- Dissertation on the Antiquities of Russia (1795)[6]
- Noctes Russicae - Russian Evening Recreations
## Literature
- Anthony Glenn Cross: By the Banks of the Neva
- K.A. Papmehl: Matthew Guthrie -- The Forgotten Student of 18th Century Russia (1969)[7]
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enwiki/51375694
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enwiki
| 51,375,694
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Matthew Guthrie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Guthrie
|
2025-05-28T10:22:28Z
|
en
|
Q21166679
| 40,717
|
{{Short description|Scottish physician, mineralogist and traveller}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Matthew Guthrie
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRS|FRSE|FSA}}
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office =
| term_start =
| term_end =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1743
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1807|08|30|1743|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation = Physician, [[mineralogist]], traveller
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Matthew Guthrie''' (1743 – 30 August 1807) was a Scottish physician, mineralogist and traveller who rose to be councillor to the Russian royal family. He made extensive studies of Russian history and folklore, and did much to foster international relationships between Russia and Scotland and promote Russian culture. He was one of the founders of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]].
His life closely paralleled that of [[John Grieve (physician)|Dr John Grieve]] and they were undoubtedly acquainted and probably friends. He was also a friend of [[John Howard (prison reformer)|John Howard]] who had also visited Russia.
==Life==
He was born in [[Edinburgh]] in 1743, son of Henry (Harie) Guthrie, 9th Baron Haukerton (Halkerton) (1709–1794) and Rachel (née Milne, 1719–1746), and grandson of Rev Gideon Guthrie of Fetteresso and later Bishop of [[Brechin]]. His mother died when he was young. His father abandoned his title as Baron in 1747 following the Jacobite Rising of 1745 to avoid ill-feeling. His father remarried, to Elizabeth Tytler of Woodhouselee, younger sister of [[William Tytler]]. The family lived in the Nicholson area of Edinburgh, where the father worked as a lawyer in "Durie's Office".<ref>Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory 1773–74</ref>
Guthrie attended the [[Royal High School, Edinburgh|High School in Edinburgh]] then studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh]]. He matriculated in 1764, there is no record of his graduation. He does appear to have trained as a surgeon.<ref name="auto">{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/00033796400203104 | volume=20 | title=Matthew Guthrie (1743–1807): An eighteenth-century gemmologist | journal=Annals of Science | pages=245–302 | pmid=11615679 | year=1964 | last1 = Sweet | first1 = JM| issue=4 | doi-access=free }}</ref> He went to Russia in 1769 and stayed there for most of his life.<ref>Musical Cultures in 17th Century Russia, by Claudia R Jensen</ref> His initial role was as physician to the 1st and 2nd Imperial Corps of Noble Cadets in [[Saint Petersburg]]. He was granted an [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]] in Saint Petersburg in 1776. He later became a personal Councillor to both Tsar [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] and his wife, [[Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden)|Empress Elizabeth]].
In 1782 he was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of London]]. In 1783 he was a Founding Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://rse.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/RSE-Fellows-BiographicalIndex-1.pdf}}</ref>
He died in Saint Petersburg, Russia on 30 August 1807.
==Family==
He was married to Marie or Maria Dunant (of French descent and sometimes called Marie de Romaud-Survesnes) on 31 May 1781 at the British Chaplaincy in Saint Petersburg in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XTFY-3YM|title=FamilySearch|website=Familysearch.org|access-date=1 November 2021}}</ref> She had previously directed a convent school responsible for educating the female nobility of Russia. They had two daughters, Anastasia Jessie Guthrie (1782–1855) and Mary Elizabeth Guthrie (1789–1850). Anastasia married 59-year-old [[Charles Gascoigne]] in 1797 when she was 15.<ref name="auto"/>
Following Gascoigne's death in 1809 she married Thomson Bonar of [[Campden]]. Their daughter Anastasia Bonar (1812–1857) was the second wife of her cousin, [[Patrick Fraser Tytler]].
Guthrie's second daughter, Mary Elizabeth, married [[James Hay (British Army officer)|General Sir James Hay]] KCH.
Guthrie's older sister Euphan married Charles Wright and was mother-in-law to [[John Robison (physicist)|Professor John Robison]].
==Publications==
*''Original Anecdotes of Peter the Great'' (1793)
*''Dissertation on the Antiquities of Russia'' (1795)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guthrie |first1=Matthew |title=Dissertations sur les antiquités de Russie |date=1795 |location=St. Petersburg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=859bAAAAQAAJ&q=gudok |access-date=2021-10-10}}</ref>
*''Noctes Russicae - Russian Evening Recreations''
==Literature==
*Anthony Glenn Cross: ''By the Banks of the Neva''
*K.A. Papmehl: ''Matthew Guthrie -- The Forgotten Student of 18th Century Russia'' (1969)<ref name="10.1080_00085006.1969.11091151">{{cite journal |last1=Papmehl |first1=K.A. |title=Matthew Guthrie -- The Forgotten Student of 18th Century Russia |journal=Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne des Slavistes |date=1969 |volume=11 |issue=2 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. |pages= 167–181 |doi=10.1080/00085006.1969.11091151 |jstor=40866225 |edition=Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne des Slavistes Vol. 11, No. 2 (Summer, 1969)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40866225|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guthrie, Matthew}}
[[Category:1743 births]]
[[Category:1807 deaths]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:18th-century Scottish medical doctors]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
| 1,292,702,028
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[{"title": "Personal details", "data": {"Born": "1743 \u00b7 Edinburgh, Scotland", "Died": "30 August 1807 (aged 63\u201364) \u00b7 Saint Petersburg, Russia", "Occupation": "Physician, mineralogist, traveller"}}]
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# Laurentius of Echternach
Laurentius of Echternach, fl. 704–722, was a scribe from Echternach in modern Luxembourg.
Laurentius wrote the Echternach martyrology in minuscule, and charters for the town of Echternach between 704 and 722.
His name may be a Latin rendering of the Irish personal name, Lorcán, so there is a possibility he was Irish
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enwiki/14276794
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enwiki
| 14,276,794
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Laurentius of Echternach
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurentius_of_Echternach
|
2023-10-20T21:45:26Z
|
en
|
Q6501315
| 22,795
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Laurentius of Echternach''', {{fl.|704–722}}, was a [[scribe]] from [[Echternach]] in modern [[Luxembourg]].
Laurentius wrote the Echternach [[martyrology]] in [[Minuscule cursive|minuscule]], and charters for the town of Echternach between 704 and 722.
His name may be a Latin rendering of the Irish personal name, Lorcán, so there is a possibility he was [[Irish people|Irish]]
==References==
* "Manuscripts and palaeography, p.525, "A New History of Ireland", volume one, Dublin, 2006.
{{Hiberno-Latin authors}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Laurentius Of Echternach}}
[[Category:Irish writers]]
[[Category:8th-century Irish people]]
[[Category:8th-century writers in Latin]]
[[Category:Medieval Irish writers]]
[[Category:8th-century Frankish writers]]
{{Ireland-writer-stub}}
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[]
| false
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# Valentin Bădoi
Valentin Emanoil Bădoi (born 16 December 1975) is a Romanian professional football manager and former player.
## International career
Valentin Bădoi played 10 games for Romania, making his debut under coach Victor Pițurcă on 9 February 2005, when he came as a substitute and replaced Mirel Rădoi in the 81st minute of a friendly match, which ended 2–2 against Slovakia. His following two games were a 2–0 home victory against Czech Republic and a 1–0 away victory against Finland at the 2006 World Cup qualifiers. Bădoi's last appearance for the national team was on 16 August 2006 in a friendly against Cyprus which ended with a 2–0 victory.
## Career statistics
### International
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| ------------- | ----- | ---- | ----- |
| Romania | | | |
| 2005 | 5 | 0 | |
| 2006 | 5 | 0 | |
| Total | Total | 10 | 0 |
## Honours
### Player
Rulmentul Alexandria
- Divizia C: 1997–98
Rapid București
- Divizia A: 2002–03[1]
- Cupa României: 2005–06, 2006–07[1]
- Supercupa României: 2002, 2003
Politehnica Timișoara
- Cupa României runner-up: 2009[1]
Sporting Turnu Măgurele
- Liga IV – Teleorman County: 2014–15
### Coach
Clinceni
- Liga III: 2011–12
Sporting Turnu Măgurele
- Liga IV – Teleorman County: 2014–15
Carmen București
- Liga IV – Bucharest: 2018–19
|
enwiki/5209570
|
enwiki
| 5,209,570
|
Valentin Bădoi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_B%C4%83doi
|
2025-04-14T20:23:54Z
|
en
|
Q980340
| 74,193
|
{{short description|Romanian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Valentin Bădoi
| image =Valentin Bădoi.png
| fullname = Valentin Emanoil Bădoi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|12|16}}
| birth_place = [[Turnu Măgurele]], Romania
| height = 1.82 m
| position = [[Right back]]
| currentclub =
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[CS Dunărea Turris Turnu Măgurele|Chimia Turnu Măgurele]]
| years1 = 1996–2000
| years2 = 1997–1998
| years3 = 2000–2002
| years4 = 2002–2007
| years5 = 2007
| years6 = 2008–2009
| years7 = 2009–2010
| years8 = 2010
| years9 = 2011–2012
| years10= 2012
| years11= 2014–2016
| years12= 2016–2017
| clubs1 = [[CS Dunărea Turris Turnu Măgurele|Chimia Turnu Măgurele]]
| clubs2 = → [[CSM Alexandria|Rulmentul Alexandria]] (loan)
| clubs3 = [[FCM Bacău]]
| clubs4 = [[FC Rapid București|Rapid București]]
| clubs5 = [[FCSB|Steaua București]]
| clubs6 = [[FC Politehnica Timișoara|Politehnica Timişoara]]
| clubs7 = [[FC Universitatea Craiova|Universitatea Craiova]]
| clubs8 = [[FC Brașov (1936)|FC Brașov]]
| clubs9 = Viitorul Domnești
| clubs10= [[CS Conpet Ploiești|Conpet Ploiești]]
| clubs11= [[ACS Sporting Turnu Măgurele|Sporting Turnu Măgurele]]
| clubs12= Voința Crevedia
| caps1 =
| caps2 =
| caps3 = 59
| caps4 = 151
| caps5 = 10
| caps6 = 45
| caps7 = 15
| caps8 = 11
| caps9 =
| caps10=
| caps11=
| caps12=
| totalcaps = 291
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| goals3 = 13
| goals4 = 23
| goals5 = 0
| goals6 = 3
| goals7 = 0
| goals8 = 0
| goals9 =
| goals10=
| goals11=
| goals12=
| totalgoals = 39
| nationalyears1 = 2005–2007
| nationalteam1 = [[Romania national football team|Romania]]
| nationalcaps1 = 10
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| manageryears1 = 2012–2014
| managerclubs1 = [[FC Clinceni|Clinceni]]
| manageryears2 = 2014–2016
| managerclubs2 = [[ACS Sporting Turnu Măgurele|Sporting Turnu Măgurele]] (player/coach)
| manageryears3 = 2016
| managerclubs3 = [[FC Academica Clinceni|Academica Clinceni]] (assistant)
| manageryears4 = 2016–2017
| managerclubs4 = Voința Crevedia (player/coach)
| manageryears5 = 2018–2019
| managerclubs5 = [[FC Carmen București|Carmen București]]
| manageryears6 = 2020
| managerclubs6 = [[ACSF Comuna Recea|Comuna Recea]] (assistant)
| manageryears7 = 2021–2023
| managerclubs7 = [[FC Petrolul Ploiești|Petrolul Ploiești]] (assistant)
| manageryears8 = 2023–2024
| managerclubs8 = [[CSM Cetatea Turnu Măgurele|Cetatea Turnu Măgurele]]
| manageryears9 = 2024–2025
| managerclubs9 = [[FC Gloria Buzău|Gloria Buzău]] (assistant)
| pcupdate =
}}
'''Valentin Emanoil Bădoi''' (born 16 December 1975) is a Romanian professional [[Association football|football]] [[Manager (association football)|manager]] and former player.<ref name=RS>{{RomanianSoccer|122/valentin-emanoil-badoi}}</ref><ref>{{WorldFootball.net|valentin-bdoi}}</ref><ref>{{NFT|6008}}</ref>
==International career==
Valentin Bădoi played 10 games for [[Romania national football team|Romania]], making his debut under coach [[Victor Pițurcă]] on 9 February 2005, when he came as a substitute and replaced [[Mirel Rădoi]] in the 81st minute of a friendly match, which ended 2–2 against [[Slovakia national football team|Slovakia]].<ref name=EU>{{cite web|url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=1038|title=Valentin Bădoi|publisher=European Football|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=26154|title=Romania – Slovakia 2:2|publisher=European Football|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> His following two games were a 2–0 home victory against [[Czech Republic national football team|Czech Republic]] and a 1–0 away victory against [[Finland national football team|Finland]] at the [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 1|2006 World Cup qualifiers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=26282|title=Romania – Czech Republic 2:0|publisher=European Football|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=26283|title=Finland – Romania 0:1|publisher=European Football|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> Bădoi's last appearance for the national team was on 16 August 2006 in a friendly against [[Cyprus national football team|Cyprus]] which ended with a 2–0 victory.<ref name=EU/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=26291|title=Romania – Cyprus 2:0|publisher=European Football|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref>
==Career statistics==
===International===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Romania national football team|Romania]]
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
!colspan=2|Total||10||0
|}
==Honours==
===Player===
'''Rulmentul Alexandria'''
*[[Liga III|Divizia C]]: 1997–98
'''Rapid București'''
*[[Liga I|Divizia A]]: [[2002–03 Divizia A|2002–03]]<ref name=RS/>
*[[Cupa României]]: [[2006 Cupa României Final|2005–06]], [[2007 Cupa României Final|2006–07]]<ref name=RS/>
*[[Supercupa României]]: [[2002 Supercupa României|2002]], [[2003 Supercupa României|2003]]
'''Politehnica Timișoara'''
*[[Cupa României]] runner-up: [[2009 Cupa României Final|2009]]<ref name=RS/>
'''Sporting Turnu Măgurele'''
*[[Liga IV|Liga IV – Teleorman County]]: [[2014–15 Liga IV Teleorman|2014–15]]
===Coach===
'''Clinceni'''
*[[Liga III]]: [[2011–12 Liga III|2011–12]]
'''Sporting Turnu Măgurele'''
*[[Liga IV|Liga IV – Teleorman County]]: [[2014–15 Liga IV Teleorman|2014–15]]
'''Carmen București'''
*[[Liga IV|Liga IV – Bucharest]]: [[2018–19 Liga IV|2018–19]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Navboxes
|title= Valentin Bădoi managerial positions
|list1=
{{FC Academica Clinceni managers}}
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Badoi, Valentin}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Turnu Măgurele]]
[[Category:Romanian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Romania men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Liga I players]]
[[Category:Liga II players]]
[[Category:Liga III players]]
[[Category:Liga II managers]]
[[Category:CSM Alexandria footballers]]
[[Category:FCM Bacău players]]
[[Category:FC Politehnica Timișoara players]]
[[Category:FCSB players]]
[[Category:FC Rapid București players]]
[[Category:FC U Craiova 1948 players]]
[[Category:FC Brașov (1936) players]]
[[Category:Romanian football managers]]
[[Category:LPS HD Clinceni managers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Teleorman County]]
{{Romania-footy-midfielder-1970s-stub}}
| 1,285,627,648
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[{"title": "Personal information", "data": {"Full name": "Valentin Emanoil B\u0103doi", "Date of birth": "16 December 1975", "Place of birth": "Turnu M\u0103gurele, Romania", "Height": "1.82 m (6 ft 0 in)", "Position(s)": "Right back"}}, {"title": "Senior career*", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "1996\u20132000": "Chimia Turnu M\u0103gurele", "1997\u20131998": "\u2192 Rulmentul Alexandria (loan)", "2000\u20132002": "FCM Bac\u0103u \u00b7 59 \u00b7 (13)", "2002\u20132007": "Rapid Bucure\u0219ti \u00b7 151 \u00b7 (23)", "2007": "Steaua Bucure\u0219ti \u00b7 10 \u00b7 (0)", "2008\u20132009": "Politehnica Timi\u015foara \u00b7 45 \u00b7 (3)", "2009\u20132010": "Universitatea Craiova \u00b7 15 \u00b7 (0)", "2010": "FC Bra\u0219ov \u00b7 11 \u00b7 (0)", "2011\u20132012": "Viitorul Domne\u0219ti", "2012": "Conpet Ploie\u0219ti", "2014\u20132016": "Sporting Turnu M\u0103gurele", "2016\u20132017": "Voin\u021ba Crevedia", "Total": "291 \u00b7 (39)"}}, {"title": "International career", "data": {"2005\u20132007": "Romania \u00b7 10 \u00b7 (0)"}}, {"title": "Managerial career", "data": {"2012\u20132014": "Clinceni", "2014\u20132016": "Sporting Turnu M\u0103gurele (player/coach)", "2016": "Academica Clinceni (assistant)", "2016\u20132017": "Voin\u021ba Crevedia (player/coach)", "2018\u20132019": "Carmen Bucure\u0219ti", "2020": "Comuna Recea (assistant)", "2021\u20132023": "Petrolul Ploie\u0219ti (assistant)", "2023\u20132024": "Cetatea Turnu M\u0103gurele", "2024\u20132025": "Gloria Buz\u0103u (assistant)"}}]
| false
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# Nandi Bushell
Nandi Lily Bushell (/ˈnændiː ˈbʊʃəl/ NAN-dee BUSH-əl; born 28 April 2010) is a South African-born British musician, singer, songwriter, and social media personality. She became known for her drumming skills by posting cover versions of popular rock songs to her YouTube and Instagram accounts, and her online drum battle with Dave Grohl received international coverage in 2020. By age ten, Bushell's videos had earned the attention of musicians including Grohl, Lenny Kravitz, Anderson .Paak, and Questlove, and led to numerous television appearances.
Bushell was the youngest artist featured on the cover of Modern Drummer magazine and is the first-ever musician-in-residence at Cartoon Network. She has performed with Kravitz and in concert with Grohl's band Foo Fighters, and was a featured guest at the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II in London.
Bushell has been writing and recording her own music since age ten. Three of those songs, in which she performs all parts, were offered as singles ahead of her first EP, Into the Abyss, set for 2023. Its first single, "The Shadows", was released in September 2022.
## Early life
Bushell was born in Durban; her mother Lungile is from KwaZulu-Natal, whilst her father John is British. Her family moved from Durban to Ipswich, Suffolk, when she was two. Bushell describes herself as "British and Zulu".
I was better than my dad in, like, two weeks.
—Nandi Bushell
I was extremely happy that Nandi was so good. But, at the same time, I was feeling quite inferior ... to a five-year-old.
Her parents are not musicians, though her father played in bands during his university years. When John showed his children a video for The Beatles' "Hey Jude", Bushell was fascinated by Ringo Starr's performance and showed an interest in playing the drums. Her parents bought her first drum kit as a reward for good grades at school; whilst accompanying his daughter on guitar, he saw that his five-year-old daughter had strong skills at keeping a beat. At age six, Bushell began taking lessons with a local drum teacher; her first week was "really hard, but then I just got it." With her dad's help, Bushell began posting to social media her covers of various songs, including a music video he created with an alien theme as seven-year-old Nandi drummed along to "Toxicity" by System of a Down. She also attended jam sessions at a local pub, where she played with adult musicians as part of the Ipswich Rock Project.
## Career
### Music
#### Viral videos; Dave Grohl drum battle (2018–2021)
Bushell's videos on social media were spotted by established musicians, many of whom offered gifts. After Questlove saw one of her Instagram videos, he sent her a custom child-sized drum kit. Her cover of "Use Me" caught the attention of Anderson .Paak, and Lenny Kravitz invited Bushell to meet and accompany him during a sound check at The O2 Arena whilst on tour in June 2019. Kravitz and drummer Nate Smith later sent Bushell a custom drum kit. In July 2019, she was invited to meet with Questlove at the On Blackheath festival at Blackheath. After her multi-instrument cover of "Plug In Baby" was seen by Muse's Matt Bellamy, he gifted her one of his signature guitars.
Her drum cover of Nirvana's "In Bloom" went viral in November 2019, gaining over 10 million views via Twitter within a week. Dave Grohl, the drummer on Nevermind, learned of the video from album producer Butch Vig, and was amazed by her "joy and energy". In August 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bushell uploaded a cover of "Everlong" by Foo Fighters, another of Grohl's bands, and challenged him to a drum-off, calling him her favourite drummer. Grohl thought it was "adorable", but his friends kept texting him, "dude, you need to step up and respond to this. You have to represent." Grohl responded by drumming along with "Dead End Friends" by his supergroup Them Crooked Vultures to return the challenge to Bushell. After she posted a video drumming to the same song, Grohl conceded defeat. He subsequently performed an original song inspired by Bushell; she responded by writing and recording a song dedicated to Grohl. The remote drum battle received international coverage, drew millions of views, and bolstered Bushell's presence on social media: within six months, she had over 800,000 followers on Instagram and 250,000 followers on YouTube.
Grohl cited their drum-off as the reason he chose February 2021 to release Medicine at Midnight, which Foo Fighters had been holding back during the pandemic. "I hope our record can make people feel the same [joy] as my drum battle with Nandi."
#### Foo Fighters concert
During a video chat with Bushell in November 2020, Grohl invited her to perform with him and Foo Fighters on stage once they were able to tour again. They met in person for the first time on 26 August 2021 at The Forum in California, where Grohl introduced his "arch nemesis" on drums to perform "Everlong" and close the sold-out show. In her review for Variety, Jessica Shalvoy wrote that Bushell was "absolutely shredding ... [she] sounded like she'd been touring with Foos for the past 26 years", despite having met in person that same night. Kelli Skye Fadroski of The Orange County Register called it "epic"; Billboard's Gil Kaufman wrote, "the band's ecstatic preteen protégé flawlessly played them home like a pro."
Bushell's viral appearance led to the return in September of "Everlong" to the music charts. The 1997 song also made Billboard's Hot Hard Rock Songs (#2), Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (#11), and Hot Alternative Songs (#17) lists, none of which existed when it was released.
#### Musicianship (2021–present)
Bushell and Roman Morello wrote and performed the song "The Children Will Rise Up" in October 2021 to warn of the dangers of climate change. The music video features Roman's father Tom Morello, along with Jack Black and Greta Thunberg.
In addition to drums, Bushell plays lead and bass guitar and piano; her videos include covers of rock songs in which she performs all parts using both video synchronization and a loop station. She also plays saxophone, including for her covers of songs by Bill Withers and John Coltrane.
Bushell has written and recorded an EP, Into the Abyss, and performs all parts; its first single, "The Shadows", was released on 30 September 2022. The song is "quite dark", and Bushell said she wrote it to help her father and others going through depression. Gen Handley of Spin magazine called the song "incredibly moving and mature"; Matt Owen of Guitar World wrote that whilst her musical inspirations are present in the "haunting, riff-heavy" song, "it also introduces us to a nuanced Nandi flair, one that showcases her approach to melody and arrangement."
Bushell's live appearances in 2022 included the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II in June, where she participated in both the Platinum Party at the Palace and the Platinum Jubilee Pageant. In September, Bushell was one of dozens of artists invited to join Foo Fighters on stage for the Taylor Hawkins tribute concert at Wembley Stadium, where she performed "Learn to Fly" using drumsticks given to her by Hawkins the year before. Dave Grohl introduced her as "our friend, the coolest fucking drummer in the world" and added, "she's the biggest rock star on the bill. I know we got Queen and Rush and all that shit, but we got Nandi tonight." Bushell called it both epic and bittersweet to play Wembley "under very sad circumstances".
Bushell released another original song, "Sweet Nightmares", in October 2023, which was produced with help from Carl Restivo. The song is remininecent of the style of Slipknot, whom she called "her favorite band". The song features Josh Brolin on some backing vocals, and who appears thanks to a common friendship with photographer Brian Bowen Smith.
In March 2025, Bushell announced that she started a band called Blu Reflection with two of her friends. The band released their first single titled “The Only One” that same month.
### Television
#### Advertising
Bushell was one of four young musicians who recorded "Bohemian Rhapsody" for a John Lewis & Partners advertisement in 2018. The casting process required that she audition three times.
In November 2019, Bushell portrayed a young girl performing "Don't You (Forget About Me)" in an award-winning Christmas advertisement for Argos alongside actor and drummer Omar Abidi as her father. Creative director Danny Hunt said casting the daughter role was "actually really stressful", and he worried that the ad wouldn't work until they saw Bushell. Argos marketing manager Becky Desert said Bushell was "the obvious choice" out of more than 100 children, "being upbeat, fun and celebrating the excitement of dream fulfillment at Christmas".
Argos featured Bushell in its 2020 campaign, "Drum From Home". The adverts encouraged viewers to improvise drum kits during the COVID-19 lockdown.
#### Other appearances
That December, she made her first trip to the United States to be a guest on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. After Bushell told DeGeneres that she wanted to learn bass guitar, DeGeneres presented one as a gift.
Still age nine, Bushell appeared on the Scandinavian chat show Skavlan in 2020. During the interview, Dua Lipa invited her to go on tour.
Bushell and her brother Thomas appeared as animated versions of themselves in the seventh-season episode of Teen Titans Go!, "Jump City Rock" which premiered on 12 September 2022.
Bushell plays character Emerald in the third season of Andy and the Band on CBeebies. She is the Goddaughter of the Godfather of Rock Brian May, and assists the band in saving Planet Rock by posing as their new manager to help them win the Battle of the Bands.
### Film
Director Kay Cannon cast Bushell as a drummer girl in the 2021 American film Cinderella after convincing Bushell's father that she would be perfect for the role. She has since become friends with Cannon and co-star Camila Cabello.
## Accolades
Cartoon Network named Bushell their first official musician-in-residence in February 2021. She was featured on the cover of the June 2021 issue of Modern Drummer, the magazine's youngest cover artist to date. Hit Like a Girl named Bushell one of its ambassador heroes for 2021.
In February 2022, Drumeo presented her with their inaugural Tony Williams award for her "infectious energy and passion [that] encourages and inspires people to get excited about drumming and about music". She was named the winner following an online poll.
During the 7 October 2022 episode of Blue Peter, Bushell was awarded the Gold badge for her musical achievements and for "raising awareness about inequality". The Gold badge is the programme's highest honour; past winners include Ed Sheeran, Madonna, and Queen Elizabeth II.
Bushell was voted #2 by readers of MusicRadar in December 2022 for its annual list of "best online drum personalities". It was her third straight year in that spot.
She is portrayed, along with 24 other woman musicians, in the book Rebel Girls Rock, the latest edition of the Rebel Girls series, released in the week of International Women's Day 2023.
## Personal life and advocacy
Many social movements have been started and sustained by young people. Nandi and Roman [Morello] used music as a way to share their compelling message about why we need to take action on climate change.
Bushell lives with her parents and her younger brother Thomas in Ipswich. She has been involved in numerous local and international humanitarian causes including the annual fireworks display at Christchurch Park, which raises funds for Scouting and other organisations.
In October 2021, Bushell was one of dozens of drummers and other musicians invited by Ringo Starr to perform a cover of The Beatles' "Come Together" for the WhyHunger project. Her and Roman Morello's climate song "The Children Will Rise Up" was praised by Lenny Kravitz and Simon Pegg, and Barack Obama lauded their "compelling message" from the COP26 summit.
Also in October, she took part in "Redraw Your World" for Cartoon Network and made a video for its long-running "Stop Bullying: Speak Up" campaign. She performs "live drums" in the Netflix COVID-19 documentary Convergence: Courage in a Crisis.
## Discography
### Singles
- "Rock and Grohl – The EPIC Battle" (2020)
- "Gods and Unicorns" (2020)
- "The Children Will Rise Up!" (2021)
- "The Shadows" (2022)
- "Sweet Nightmares" (2023)
- “The Only One” (2025)
### Albums
- Into the Abyss (TBD)
### Soundtracks
- Convergence (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (2021; featured performer on "I Am Here and I Am Breathing")
## Filmography
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 2018 | "When you're part of it, you put your heart into it" | Drumming girl | John Lewis & Partners Christmas advert |
| 2019 | "The Book of Dreams" | Daughter | Argos Christmas advert |
| 2019 | Blue Peter | Herself | British chat show |
| 2019 | The Ellen DeGeneres Show | Herself | American chat show |
| 2020 | Skavlan | Herself | Scandinavian chat show |
| 2020 | "Drum From Home" | Herself | Argos advert series |
| 2020 | Tamron Hall | Herself | American chat show |
| 2021 | "Redraw Your World" | Herself | Cartoon Network promo |
| 2021 | "Stop Bullying: Speak Up" | Herself | Cartoon Network promo |
| 2022 | Saturday Mash-Up! | Herself | Children's entertainment programme |
| 2022 | Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II | Herself | Took part in both the Platinum Party at the Palace and the Platinum Jubilee Pageant |
| 2022 | Access Hollywood | Herself | American chat show |
| 2022 | Teen Titans Go! | Herself (cartoon) | Episode: "Jump City Rock" (season seven) |
| 2022 | Good Morning Britain | Herself | British chat show |
| 2022 | Blue Peter | Herself | Awarded Gold badge |
| 2023 | | | |
| Andy and the Band | Emerald | Goddaughter to the Godfather of Rock (Brian May) Season 3 | |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| ---- | -------------------------------- | ------------ | ----------------------------------------------- |
| 2021 | Cinderella | Drummer Girl | Drums on various items during "Let's Get Loud!" |
| 2021 | Convergence: Courage in a Crisis | Herself | Drums to "I Am Here and I Am Breathing" |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| ---- | ----------------- | -------------- | ------------------------ |
| 2022 | "Motivate Me Mix" | Herself (host) | Programme on BBC Radio 1 |
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{{Short description|British–South African musician and social media personality}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{use British English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Nandi Bushell
| image = Nandi Bushell Dec 2022.jpg
| caption = Bushell in 2022
| birth_name = Nandi Lily Bushell
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2010|4|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Durban]], South Africa
| death_date =
| death_place =
| origin = [[Ipswich]], [[Suffolk]], England
| background = person
| website =
| pseudonym =
| years_active = 2018–present
| genre = [[Rock music|Rock]]<!-- as categorised by https://music.apple.com/us/album/the-shadows-single/1646002941 and ref "consequence" -->
| instrument = {{hlist|Drums|guitar|bass guitar|piano|saxophone|vocals}}
| module =
{{Infobox YouTube personality
| embed = yes
| channel_id = UCbMg1QLaHBzmww35QK-mHEQ
| channel_display_name = Nandi Bushell
| subscribers = 445 thousand
| subscriber_date = 16 February 2023<!-- https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCbMg1QLaHBzmww35QK-mHEQ -->
| views = 67.4 million
| view_date = 16 February 2023<!-- https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCbMg1QLaHBzmww35QK-mHEQ -->
| network =
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'''Nandi Lily Bushell''' ({{IPAc-en|'|n|æ|n|d|iː|nbsp|'|b|ʊ|ʃ|ə|l}} {{respell|NAN|dee|_|BUSH|əl}}; born 28 April 2010)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.radiox.co.uk/artists/foo-fighters/video-8-year-old-girl-drums-everlong/|title=VIDEO: 8-Year-Old Girl Drums To Foo Fighters' Everlong In Bid To Jam With Band|publisher=[[Global Media & Entertainment|RadioX]]|location=[[London]]|date=14 January 2019|access-date=24 October 2022|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024013404/https://www.radiox.co.uk/artists/foo-fighters/video-8-year-old-girl-drums-everlong/|url-status=live}} Cites middle name; see also her early social media posts.{{indent|2}}{{cite web|last=Bushell|first=Nandi|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CPDzrrnhEPQ/|title=I am so proud to announce ...|publisher=Instagram (official)|date=19 May 2021|access-date=4 September 2022|archive-date=4 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904163956/https://www.instagram.com/p/CPDzrrnhEPQ/|url-status=live}} Cites pronunciation.{{indent|2}}{{cite news|last=Bedirian|first=Razmig|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music/2021/09/12/who-is-nandi-bushell-the-drummer-aged-11-who-has-made-fans-out-of-rock-stars/|title=Who is Nandi Bushell? The drummer aged 11 who has rock stars for fans|newspaper=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|location=[[Abu Dhabi]]|date=12 September 2021|access-date=4 September 2022|archive-date=4 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904164010/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music/2021/09/12/who-is-nandi-bushell-the-drummer-aged-11-who-has-made-fans-out-of-rock-stars/|url-status=live}} Cites birth date.</ref> is a South African-born British musician, singer, songwriter, and social media personality. She became known for her drumming skills by posting cover versions of popular rock songs to her [[YouTube]] and [[Instagram]] accounts, and her online drum battle with [[Dave Grohl]] received international coverage in 2020. By age ten, Bushell's videos had earned the attention of musicians including Grohl, [[Lenny Kravitz]], [[Anderson .Paak]], and [[Questlove]], and led to numerous television appearances.
Bushell was the youngest artist featured on the cover of ''[[Modern Drummer]]'' magazine and is the first-ever musician-in-residence at [[Cartoon Network]]. She has performed with Kravitz and in concert with Grohl's band [[Foo Fighters]], and was a featured guest at the [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II]] in London.
Bushell has been writing and recording her own music since age ten. Three of those songs, in which she performs all parts, were offered as singles ahead of her first EP, ''Into the Abyss'', set for 2023. Its first single, "The Shadows", was released in September 2022.<!-- all above cited in main body -->
==Early life==
Bushell was born in [[Durban]]; her mother Lungile is from [[KwaZulu-Natal]], whilst her father John is British.<ref name="variety"/><ref name="sunday times sa">{{cite news|last=Benghu|first=Lwandile|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2019-12-01-sa-born-little-drummer-girl-nandi-bushell-wows-international-stars/|title=SA-born little drummer girl Nandi Bushell jams with Lenny Kravitz|newspaper=[[Sunday Times (South Africa)|Sunday Times]]|location=[[Parktown, Johannesburg]]|date=1 December 2019|access-date=5 September 2022|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905223956/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2019-12-01-sa-born-little-drummer-girl-nandi-bushell-wows-international-stars/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her family moved from Durban to [[Ipswich]], [[Suffolk]], when she was two.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jones|first=Brad|url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/ipswich-drummer-nandi-bushell-donates-drumsticks-to-auction-6526836|title=Drumming star Nandi backs Ed Sheeran: Made in Suffolk Legacy Auction|newspaper=[[East Anglian Daily Times]]|location=[[East Suffolk District|East Suffolk]]|date=27 November 2020|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018232421/https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/ipswich-drummer-nandi-bushell-donates-drumsticks-to-auction-6526836|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- also: YouTube 34iaQ7levvE at 1:26 --> Bushell describes herself as "British and [[Zulu people|Zulu]]".<ref name="times2019"/>
{{quote box
| width = 24em
| quote = I was better than my dad in, like, two weeks.
<div style="text-align:right">—Nandi Bushell</div>
I was extremely happy that Nandi was so good. But, at the same time, I was feeling quite inferior ... to a five-year-old.
| salign = right
| source = —John Bushell<br/>''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', 4 February 2021<ref name="variety"/>
}}
Her parents are not musicians, though her father played in bands during his university years. When John showed his children a video for [[The Beatles]]' "[[Hey Jude]]", Bushell was fascinated by [[Ringo Starr]]'s performance and showed an interest in playing the drums. Her parents bought her first drum kit as a reward for good grades at school; whilst accompanying his daughter on guitar, he saw that his five-year-old daughter had strong skills at keeping a beat.<ref name="variety"/><ref name="sunday times sa"/><ref name="nytimes grohl"/><!-- combined refs cite 3 sentences --> At age six, Bushell began taking lessons with a local drum teacher;<ref name="md"/> her first week was "really hard, but then I just got it."<ref>''[[Skavlan]]'' (10 March 2020). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-egx9IOAZI&t=136s Season 23 Episode 10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221212729/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-egx9IOAZI&t=136s |date=21 December 2022 }}. YouTube (''Skavlan'' [official]). Retrieved 21 December 2022</ref> With her dad's help, Bushell began posting to social media her covers of various songs,<ref name="rs">{{cite magazine | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/nandi-bushell-interview-dave-grohl-1128629/ | title = Nandi Bushell Lives Out Her Rock & Roll Dreams | first = Hank | last = Shteamer | date = 1 March 2021 | access-date = 15 April 2021 | magazine = [[Rolling Stone]] | archive-date = 15 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210415154008/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/nandi-bushell-interview-dave-grohl-1128629/ | url-status = live }}</ref> including a music video he created with an alien theme as seven-year-old Nandi drummed along to "[[Toxicity (song)|Toxicity]]" by [[System of a Down]].<ref name="eadt">{{cite news|last=Vincent|first=David|url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/things-to-do/seven-year-ipswich-drummer-girl-s-drum-and-air-base-2413042|title=Watch Ipswich seven-year-old drummer Nandi in action in her own music video|newspaper=[[East Anglian Daily Times]]|location=[[Ipswich]]|date=15 January 2018|access-date=9 September 2022|archive-date=9 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909005835/https://www.eadt.co.uk/things-to-do/seven-year-ipswich-drummer-girl-s-drum-and-air-base-2413042|url-status=live}}</ref> She also attended jam sessions at a local pub, where she played with adult musicians as part of the Ipswich Rock Project.<ref name="eadt"/><ref name="ipstar">{{cite web | url = https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/nandi-bushell-from-john-lewis-advert-drummed-with-kravitz-2851016 | title = Watch: Nine-year-old Nandi jam with Lenny Kravitz | first = Suzanne | last = Day | date = 18 June 2019 | access-date = 15 April 2021 | work = [[Ipswich Star]] | archive-date = 15 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210415154015/https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/nandi-bushell-from-john-lewis-advert-drummed-with-kravitz-2851016 | url-status = live }}</ref>
==Career==
===Music===
====Viral videos; Dave Grohl drum battle (2018–2021)====
Bushell's videos on social media were spotted by established musicians, many of whom offered gifts.<!-- cited in graf --> After [[Questlove]] saw one of her [[Instagram]] videos, he sent her a custom child-sized drum kit.<ref name="variety"/> Her cover of "[[Use Me (Bill Withers song)|Use Me]]" caught the attention of [[Anderson .Paak]], and [[Lenny Kravitz]] invited Bushell to meet and accompany him during a sound check at [[The O2 Arena]] whilst on tour in June 2019.<ref name="times2019">{{cite news|last=Malvern|first=Jack|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/music/article/drummer-girl-9-whos-already-played-with-lenny-kravitz-rlj3s6nb3|title=Little drummer girl Nandi Bushell on the march|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=30 November 2019|access-date=4 November 2022|archive-date=29 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529000041/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/drummer-girl-9-whos-already-played-with-lenny-kravitz-rlj3s6nb3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ipstar"/> Kravitz and drummer [[Nate Smith (drummer)|Nate Smith]] later sent Bushell a custom drum kit.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.spin.com/2020/12/lenny-kravitz-nate-smith-nandi-bushell-custom-ludwig-legacy-mahogany-drumkit/ | title = Lenny Kravitz and Nate Smith Gift Nandi Bushell a Custom Ludwig Legacy Mahogany Drum Kit | first = Katrina | last = Nattress | date = 13 December 2020 | access-date = 15 April 2021 | work = [[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] | location = New York City | archive-date = 18 February 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210218092001/https://www.spin.com/2020/12/lenny-kravitz-nate-smith-nandi-bushell-custom-ludwig-legacy-mahogany-drumkit/ | url-status = live }}</ref> In July 2019, she was invited to meet with Questlove at the On Blackheath festival at [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]].<ref name="npr">{{cite web | url = https://www.npr.org/2019/11/14/779342662/watch-this-9-year-old-girl-drum-her-heart-out-to-nirvanas-in-bloom | title = Watch This 9-Year-Old Girl Drum Her Heart Out To Nirvana's 'In Bloom' | first = Marissa | last = Lorusso | date = 14 November 2019 | access-date = 15 April 2021 | work = [[NPR]] | archive-date = 15 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210415154009/https://www.npr.org/2019/11/14/779342662/watch-this-9-year-old-girl-drum-her-heart-out-to-nirvanas-in-bloom | url-status = live }}</ref> After her multi-instrument cover of "[[Plug In Baby]]" was seen by [[Muse (band)|Muse]]'s [[Matt Bellamy]], he gifted her one of his signature guitars.<ref name="altpress">{{cite news|last=Carter|first=Josh|url=https://www.altpress.com/nandi-bushell-linkin-park-cover-numb/|title=Nandi Bushell shreds on new cover of Linkin Park's 'Numb'–watch|magazine=[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]]|location=[[Los Angeles]]|date=14 June 2021|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008215300/https://www.altpress.com/nandi-bushell-linkin-park-cover-numb/|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- date: YouTube 5ifVx6_okeQ -->
Her drum cover of [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]'s "[[In Bloom]]" went [[viral phenomenon|viral]] in November 2019, gaining over 10 million views via [[Twitter]] within a week.<ref name="abcnews 2019"/> [[Dave Grohl]], the drummer on ''[[Nevermind]]'', learned of the video from album producer [[Butch Vig]], and was amazed by her "joy and energy".<ref name="nytimes grohl">{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/arts/music/dave-grohl-nandi-bushell-drums.html | title = Dave Grohl, 10-Year-Old Nandi Bushell and One Very Epic Drum Battle | first = Jeremy | last = Gordon | date = 9 November 2020 | access-date = 15 April 2021 | work = [[The New York Times]] | archive-date = 17 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210417210254/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/arts/music/dave-grohl-nandi-bushell-drums.html | url-status = live }} "[Grohl:] I watched it in amazement, not only because she was nailing all of the parts, but the way that she would scream when she did her drum rolls. ... There's something about seeing the joy and energy of a kid in love with an instrument. She just seemed like a force of nature."</ref> In August 2020, in the midst of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Bushell uploaded a cover of "[[Everlong]]" by [[Foo Fighters]], another of Grohl's bands, and challenged him to a drum-off, calling him her favourite drummer.<ref name="nytimes grohl"/> Grohl thought it was "adorable", but his friends kept texting him, "dude, you need to step up and respond to this. You have to represent."<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O0ZF84JZUs&t=201s|title=Dave Grohl Finally Conceded Defeat In His Drum Battle With A 10-Year-Old|id=[[YouTube]] (''[[The Late Show with Stephen Colbert]]'' [official])|time=3:21–3:31|date=20 November 2020|access-date=16 December 2022}}</ref> Grohl responded by drumming along with "Dead End Friends" by his [[Supergroup (music)|supergroup]]<!-- "supergroup": https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/them-crooked-vultures-reunion-taylor-hawkins-tribute-concert-homme-grohl-watch-1234586632/ --> [[Them Crooked Vultures]] to return the challenge to Bushell. After she posted a video drumming to the same song, Grohl conceded defeat.<ref name="reilly">{{cite news|last=Reilly|first=Nick|url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/foo-fighters-cover-interview-2021-medicine-at-midnight-2872365|title=Foo Fighters: "Our connection is beyond music"|magazine=[[NME]]|location=London|date=5 February 2021|access-date=14 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114151452/https://www.nme.com/big-reads/foo-fighters-cover-interview-2021-medicine-at-midnight-2872365|url-status=live}} "[Grohl:] I didn't just concede because she's a 10-year-old girl. I conceded because she kicked my fucking ass! I wasn't being a nice guy—fuck no! She beat me fair and square."</ref> He subsequently performed an original song inspired by Bushell; she responded by writing and recording a song dedicated to Grohl.<ref name="nytimes grohl"/><!-- cites 3 sentences --> The remote drum battle received international coverage,<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22nandi+bushell%22+%22drum+battle%22&tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A8%2F1%2F2020%2Ccd_max%3A12%2F31%2F2020&tbm=nws Nandi Bushell drum battle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222184217/https://www.google.com/search?q=%22nandi+bushell%22+%22drum+battle%22&tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A8%2F1%2F2020%2Ccd_max%3A12%2F31%2F2020&tbm=nws |date=22 December 2022 }} (August 1, 2020–December 31, 2020). [[Google News]] search. Retrieved 22 December 2022.</ref> drew millions of views, and bolstered Bushell's presence on social media: within six months, she had over 800,000 followers on Instagram and 250,000 followers on YouTube.<ref name="variety">{{cite web | url = https://variety.com/2021/music/news/nandi-bushell-drummer-dave-grohl-family-interview-1234898483/ | title = This 10-Year-Old Drummer Stole Dave Grohl's Heart — and Ours, Too | first = Niall | last = Doherty | date = 4 February 2021 | access-date = 15 April 2021 | work = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | archive-date = 14 April 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220414165603/https://variety.com/2021/music/news/nandi-bushell-drummer-dave-grohl-family-interview-1234898483/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
Grohl cited their drum-off as the reason he chose February 2021 to release ''[[Medicine at Midnight]]'', which Foo Fighters had been holding back during the pandemic. "I hope our record can make people feel the same [joy] as my drum battle with Nandi."<ref name="mam1">{{cite news|last=Ryan|first=Patrick|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2021/02/09/dave-grohl-nirvana-smells-like-teen-spirit-30th-anniversary-nandi-bushell-drum-battle/4433063001/|title=''Smells Like Teen Spirit'' at 30: Dave Grohl recalls 'bananas' first time Nirvana played it live|periodical=[[USA Today]]|date=9 February 2021|access-date=14 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114150513/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2021/02/09/dave-grohl-nirvana-smells-like-teen-spirit-30th-anniversary-nandi-bushell-drum-battle/4433063001/|url-status=live}} "[Grohl: The drum battle was] the deciding factor ... here's two people [who have] never met, thousands of miles apart, connecting virtually ... ultimately its sole purpose was to bring joy at a time where everyone was in desperate need of that. I realised, what are we waiting for? Why are we sitting on this album? We write these songs to be heard, whether it's in a stadium or your living room."</ref>
====Foo Fighters concert====
During a video chat with Bushell in November 2020, Grohl invited her to perform with him and Foo Fighters on stage once they were able to tour again.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2020-11-10/dave-grohl-nandi-bushell-drum-battle-foo-fighters | title = Dave Grohl finally meets his No. 1 rock hero: 10-year-old drummer Nandi Bushell | first = Christi | last = Carras | date = 10 November 2020 | access-date = 15 April 2021 | work = [[Los Angeles Times]] | archive-date = 6 February 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210206233116/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2020-11-10/dave-grohl-nandi-bushell-drum-battle-foo-fighters | url-status = live }}</ref> They met in person for the first time on 26 August 2021 at [[Kia Forum|The Forum]]<!-- not the Kia Forum at the time --> in California, where Grohl introduced his "arch nemesis" on drums to perform "[[Everlong]]" and close the sold-out show. In her review for ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', Jessica Shalvoy wrote that Bushell was "absolutely shredding ... [she] sounded like she'd been touring with Foos for the past 26 years", despite having met in person that same night.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shalvoy|first=Jessica|url=https://variety.com/2021/music/news/foo-fighters-nandi-bushell-los-angeles-forum-concert-1235050726/|title=Foo Fighters Bring Rock Back to the Forum But 11-Year-Old Drummer Nandi Bushell Steals the Show: Concert Review|periodical=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|location=[[Los Angeles]]|date=27 August 2021|access-date=14 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114021227/https://variety.com/2021/music/news/foo-fighters-nandi-bushell-los-angeles-forum-concert-1235050726/|url-status=live}} Cites "sold-out" and "arch nemesis".</ref> Kelli Skye Fadroski of ''[[The Orange County Register]]'' called it "epic";<ref>{{cite news|last=Fadroski|first=Kelli Skye|url=https://www.dailybreeze.com/2021/08/27/foo-fighters-celebrate-26th-anniversary-at-the-forum-with-hits-new-songs-deep-cuts-and-surprises/|title=Foo Fighters celebrate 26th anniversary at The Forum with hits, new songs, deep cuts and surprises|newspaper=[[The Orange County Register]]|via=[[Daily Breeze]]|date=27 August 2021|access-date=29 January 2023|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129231340/https://www.dailybreeze.com/2021/08/27/foo-fighters-celebrate-26th-anniversary-at-the-forum-with-hits-new-songs-deep-cuts-and-surprises/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'}}s Gil Kaufman wrote, "the band's ecstatic preteen protégé flawlessly played them home like a pro."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/foo-fighters-nandi-bushell-jam-concert-video-9621200/|title=Watch Foo Fighters Finally Jam on Stage With 11-Year-Old Drum Phenom Nandi Bushell|magazine=Billboard|date=27 August 2021|access-date=29 January 2023|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129204716/https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/foo-fighters-nandi-bushell-jam-concert-video-9621200/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bushell's viral appearance led to the return in September of "Everlong" to the music charts. The 1997 song also made ''Billboard''{{'}}s [[Billboard charts#Rock|Hot Hard Rock Songs]] (#2), [[Hot Rock & Alternative Songs]] (#11), and Hot Alternative Songs (#17) lists, none of which existed when it was released.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Rutherford|first=Kevin|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/foo-fighters-everlong-climbs-rock-charts-after-nandi-bushell-performance/|title=Foo Fighters' 'Everlong' Scales Rock Charts After Performance With 11-Year-Old Nandi Bushell|magazine=Billboard|date=9 September 2021|access-date=29 January 2023|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129204712/https://www.billboard.com/pro/foo-fighters-everlong-climbs-rock-charts-after-nandi-bushell-performance/|url-status=live}} Cites "returns" (to older charts) and "viral".</ref>
====Musicianship (2021–present)====
[[File:TaylorHawkTributeWemb030922 (223 of 281) (52334696949) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Nandi Bushell (r) joins [[Dave Grohl]] (l) and [[Foo Fighters]] for the [[Taylor Hawkins#Tribute concerts|Taylor Hawkins tribute concert]] at [[Wembley Stadium]] in September 2022.]]
Bushell and Roman Morello wrote and performed the song "The Children Will Rise Up" in October 2021 to warn of the dangers of [[climate change]]. The music video features Roman's father [[Tom Morello]], along with [[Jack Black]] and [[Greta Thunberg]].<ref>{{cite magazine | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nandi-bushell-the-children-will-rise-up-song-video-1239192/ | title = Nandi Bushell Rocks Against Global Warming in 'The Children Will Rise Up' Video | first = Althea | last = Legaspi | date = October 8, 2021 | access-date = October 15, 2021 | magazine = [[Rolling Stone]] | archive-date = 16 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211016034719/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nandi-bushell-the-children-will-rise-up-song-video-1239192/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
In addition to drums, Bushell plays lead and bass guitar and piano; her videos include covers of rock songs in which she performs all parts using both video synchronization and a [[Live looping|loop station]].<ref name="rs"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Whitaker|first=Marisa|url=https://www.spin.com/2021/11/nandi-bushell-rolling-stones-gimme-shelter-cover-charlie-watts-tribute/|title=Nandi Bushell pays tribute to Charlie Watts with 'Gimme Shelter' cover|magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|location=New York City|date=4 November 2021|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009104637/https://www.spin.com/2021/11/nandi-bushell-rolling-stones-gimme-shelter-cover-charlie-watts-tribute/|url-status=live}}</ref> She also plays saxophone, including for her covers of songs by [[Bill Withers]] and [[John Coltrane]].<ref name="altpress"/><ref name="consequence">{{cite news|last=Kaufman|first=Spencer|url=https://consequence.net/2022/04/nandi-bushell-john-coltrane-cover/|title=All That Jazz: Watch Nandi Bushell Play Guitar, Bass, Drums and Saxophone on John Coltrane Cover|magazine=[[Consequence (publication)|Consequence]]|location=New York City|date=4 April 2022|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008215252/https://consequence.net/2022/04/nandi-bushell-john-coltrane-cover/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bushell has written and recorded an [[extended play|EP]], ''Into the Abyss'', and performs all parts; its first single, "The Shadows", was released on 30 September 2022. The song is "quite dark", and Bushell said she wrote it to help her father and others going through depression.<ref name="abyss">{{cite news|last=Fossett|first=Abygail|url=https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-nandi-bushell-on-new-single-9282354|title=Pride of Ipswich Nandi Bushell on upcoming EP and chasing her dreams|newspaper=[[Ipswich Star]]|date=21 September 2022|access-date=22 September 2022|archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921080845/https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-nandi-bushell-on-new-single-9282354|url-status=live}}{{indent|2}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-63051044|title=Nandi Bushell releases debut single written to 'cheer up Dad'|publisher=[[BBC]]|location=London|date=30 September 2022|access-date=30 September 2022|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930054920/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-63051044|url-status=live}} "[Bushell:] ... because his autoimmune disease was worsening. He told me and he was really upset so I made a song about it."</ref><!-- cites all previous --> Gen Handley of ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' magazine called the song "incredibly moving and mature";<ref name="spin">{{cite news|last=Handley|first=Gen|url=https://www.spin.com/2022/09/nandi-bushell-makes-beautiful-noise/|title=Nandi Bushell Makes Beautiful Noise|magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|location=New York City|date=30 September 2022|access-date=30 September 2022|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930140443/https://www.spin.com/2022/09/nandi-bushell-makes-beautiful-noise/|url-status=live}}</ref> Matt Owen of ''[[Guitar World]]'' wrote that whilst her musical inspirations are present in the "haunting, riff-heavy" song, "it also introduces us to a nuanced Nandi flair, one that showcases her approach to melody and arrangement."<ref name="gw">{{cite news|last=Owen|first=Matt|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/news/nandi-bushell-the-shadows|title=Nandi Bushell ushers in the next era of her musical journey with new original single, 'The Shadows'|magazine=[[Guitar World]]|location=New York City|date=30 September 2022|access-date=30 September 2022|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930105323/https://www.guitarworld.com/news/nandi-bushell-the-shadows|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bushell's live appearances in 2022 included the [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II]] in June, where she participated in both the [[Platinum Party at the Palace]] and the [[Platinum Jubilee Pageant]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carter |first1=Dolly |title='Wow!' - Ipswich drummer Nandi on performing at Buckingham Palace Jubilee party |url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/nandi-bushell-performs-at-party-at-the-palace-9015872 |access-date=5 June 2022 |work=East Anglian Daily Times |date=5 June 2022 |language=en-UK |archive-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605091427/https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/nandi-bushell-performs-at-party-at-the-palace-9015872 |url-status=live }}</ref> In September, Bushell was one of dozens of artists invited to join Foo Fighters on stage for the [[Taylor Hawkins#Tribute concerts|Taylor Hawkins tribute concert]] at [[Wembley Stadium]], where she performed "[[Learn to Fly]]" using drumsticks given to her by Hawkins the year before.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-62793175|title=Foo Fighters: Girl, 12, drums at Taylor Hawkins memorial gig|publisher=[[BBC]]|location=London|date=5 September 2022|access-date=5 September 2022|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905085855/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-62793175|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Grohl introduced her as "our friend, the coolest fucking drummer in the world" and added, "she's the biggest rock star on the bill. I know we got [[Queen (band)|Queen]] and [[Rush (band)|Rush]] and all that shit, but we got Nandi tonight."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Daly|first=Rhian|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/watch-foo-fighters-play-paul-mccartney-travis-barker-taylor-hawkins-tribute-concert-3303893|title=Watch Foo Fighters play with Paul McCartney and Travis Barker at Taylor Hawkins tribute concert|magazine=[[NME]]|location=London|date=3 September 2022|access-date=4 September 2022|archive-date=4 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904153312/https://www.nme.com/news/music/watch-foo-fighters-play-paul-mccartney-travis-barker-taylor-hawkins-tribute-concert-3303893|url-status=live}}</ref> Bushell called it both epic and bittersweet to play Wembley "under very sad circumstances".<ref>{{cite news|last=Sanderson|first=David|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/music/article/drummer-nandi-bushell-on-a-roll-with-foo-fighters-cameo-6s9jt08pb|title=Drummer Nandi Bushell on a roll with Foo Fighters cameo|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=5 September 2022|access-date=9 December 2022|archive-date=9 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209204726/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/drummer-nandi-bushell-on-a-roll-with-foo-fighters-cameo-6s9jt08pb|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bushell released another original song, "Sweet Nightmares", in October 2023, which was produced with help from [[Carl Restivo]]. The song is remininecent of the style of [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]], whom she called "her favorite band". The song features [[Josh Brolin]] on some backing vocals, and who appears thanks to a common friendship with photographer [[Brian Bowen Smith]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.spin.com/2023/10/nandi-bushells-releases-sweet-nightmares-just-in-time-for-scary-season/ | title = Nandi Bushell's Releases "Sweet Nightmares" Just in Time for Scary Season | first = Gen | last = Handley | date = October 13, 2023 | accessdate = October 15, 2023 | work = [[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] }}</ref>
In March 2025, Bushell announced that she started a band called Blu Reflection with two of her friends. The band released their first single titled “The Only One” that same month.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nme.com/news/music/nandi-bushell-shares-single-the-only-one-with-new-band-blu-reflection-3843917 | title = Nandi Bushell shares dreamy single 'The Only One' with new band Blu Reflection | first = Emma | last = Wilkes | date = March 5, 2025 | work = [[NME (magazine)|NME]] }} </ref>
===Television===
====Advertising====
[[File:Bushell Abidi Argos 2019.png|thumb|upright=1.25|Nandi Bushell and Omar Abidi (l-r) perform in "The Book of Dreams" advert for [[Argos (retailer)|Argos]] (Christmas 2019).]]
Bushell was one of four young musicians who recorded "[[Bohemian Rhapsody]]" for a [[John Lewis & Partners]] advertisement in 2018. The casting process required that she audition three times.<ref name="lewis">{{cite news|last=Aldous|first=Megan|url=https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/things-to-do/ipswich-drummer-nandi-bushell-john-lewis-2818464|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927231646/https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/things-to-do/ipswich-drummer-nandi-bushell-john-lewis-2818464|title=Watch – Nandi Bushell, 8, performs Queen's 'Bohemian Rhapsody' for new John Lewis advert|newspaper=[[Ipswich Star]]|date=12 September 2018|archive-date=27 September 2022|access-date=14 November 2022}}</ref>
In November 2019, Bushell portrayed a young girl performing "[[Don't You (Forget About Me)]]" in an award-winning Christmas advertisement for [[Argos (retailer)|Argos]] alongside actor and drummer [[Fightstar|Omar Abidi]] as her father.<ref name="abcnews 2019"/><!-- cites all except awards --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adforum.com/award-organization/6650245/showcase/2020/winners|title=2020 British Arrows Award Winners|publisher=[[AdForum]]|location=[[Paris]]|date=2020|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120032818/https://www.adforum.com/award-organization/6650245/showcase/2020/winners|url-status=live}} Cites award-winning (British Arrows).{{indent|2}}{{cite web|url=https://www.adforum.com/award-organization/6650246/showcase/2020/winners?brand=Argos|title=Advertising Creative Circle Awards Award Winners Overview 2020|publisher=AdForum|location=Paris|date=2020|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-date=10 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110074044/https://www.adforum.com/award-organization/6650246/showcase/2020?login|url-status=live}} Cites award-winning (Advertising Creative Circle).</ref> Creative director Danny Hunt said casting the daughter role was "actually really stressful", and he worried that the ad wouldn't work until they saw Bushell.<ref>{{cite news|last=Griner|first=David|url=https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/one-of-the-best-holiday-ads-in-years-just-kicked-off-christmas-season/|url-access=subscription|title=One of the Best Holiday Ads in Years Just Kicked Off Christmas Season|publisher=[[Adweek]]|location=New York City|date=1 November 2019|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018222814/https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/one-of-the-best-holiday-ads-in-years-just-kicked-off-christmas-season/|url-status=live}}{{indent|2}}{{cite news|url=https://blog.filmsupply.com/articles/winning-christmas-creative-director-danny-hunt-argos-book-of-dreams-campaign/|title=Winning Christmas: Creative Director Danny Hunt on Developing Argos' "Book of Dreams" Campaign|publisher=Filmsupply<!-- WP:RS: site conducted the interview -->|location=[[Fort Worth, Texas]]|date=11 May 2021|access-date=4 November 2022|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703023402/https://blog.filmsupply.com/articles/winning-christmas-creative-director-danny-hunt-argos-book-of-dreams-campaign/|url-status=live}} "[Hunt: after her audition], I just went to the pub. Literally me and the producer, Andy Roberts, left the casting and we went for a pint. ... It was the best pint ever."</ref> Argos marketing manager Becky Desert said Bushell was "the obvious choice" out of more than 100 children, "being upbeat, fun and celebrating the excitement of dream fulfillment at Christmas".<ref name="abcnews 2019">{{cite web | url = https://abcnews.go.com/International/meet-incredible-year-drumming-viral-fame/story?id=67105244 | title = We're not worthy: Meet the incredible 9-year-old social media sensation drumming her way to viral fame | first = Owen | last = Jones | date = 19 November 2019 | access-date = 15 April 2021 | publisher = ABC News | archive-date = 15 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210415154008/https://abcnews.go.com/International/meet-incredible-year-drumming-viral-fame/story?id=67105244 | url-status = live }}</ref><!-- cites 2 sentences -->{{efn|Also in November, [[Simple Minds]] drummer [[Cherisse Osei]] invited Bushell to meet up at Wembley Drum Centre;<ref>{{cite news|last=Murray|first=James|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1206636/Argos-Christmas-advert-drummer-girl-Nandi-bushell|title=Argos Christmas advert: Meet drummer Nandi – star of the ad|newspaper=[[Daily Express|Express]]|location=London|date=20 November 2019|access-date=21 October 2022|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021215237/https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1206636/Argos-Christmas-advert-drummer-girl-Nandi-bushell|url-status=live}}</ref> Osei later posted a video of her and Bushell playing along to the same song.<ref>{{cite AV media|last=Osei|first=Cherisse|author-link=Cherisse Osei|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMyfCk6fBx0|title=Cherisse Osei & Nandi Bushell Argos Christmas advert play Simple Minds Don't You Forget About Me|publisher=[[YouTube]] (official)|date=27 November 2019|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018222812/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMyfCk6fBx0|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
Argos featured Bushell in its 2020 campaign, "Drum From Home". The adverts encouraged viewers to improvise drum kits during the [[COVID-19]] lockdown.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ashton|first=Izzy|url=https://www.creativebrief.com/bite/hot-pick/argos-brings-fun-little-bit-noise-homes-around-uk|title=Argos brings fun, a little bit of noise, into homes around the UK|publisher=Creativebrief|location=London|date=4 June 2020|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125224616/https://www.creativebrief.com/bite/hot-pick/argos-brings-fun-little-bit-noise-homes-around-uk|url-status=live}}</ref>
====Other appearances====
That December, she made her first trip to the United States to be a guest on ''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]''. After Bushell told DeGeneres that she wanted to learn bass guitar, DeGeneres presented one as a gift.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-50733150 | title = Ellen DeGeneres gives Ipswich drumming ace, 9, a guitar | date = 10 December 2019 | access-date = 15 April 2021 | work = [[BBC]] | archive-date = 5 December 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201205170208/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-50733150 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Still age nine, Bushell appeared on the Scandinavian chat show ''[[Skavlan]]'' in 2020. During the interview, [[Dua Lipa]] invited her to go on tour.<ref>''[[Skavlan]]'' (10 March 2020). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-egx9IOAZI&t=196s Season 23 Episode 10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221212730/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-egx9IOAZI&t=196s |date=21 December 2022 }}. YouTube (''Skavlan'' [official]). Retrieved 21 December 2022. "[Dua Lipa:] You're absolutely amazing. What do I have to do to get you to come on tour with me?"</ref>
Bushell and her brother Thomas appeared as animated versions of themselves in the seventh-season episode of ''[[Teen Titans Go!]]'', "Jump City Rock" which premiered on 12 September 2022.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Zemler|first=Emily|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nandi-bushell-the-joker-cartoon-network-teen-titans-go-1234588592/|title=Watch Nandi Bushell Face the Joker in Cartoon Network's ''Teen Titans Go!''|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=9 September 2022|archive-date=8 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908163100/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nandi-bushell-the-joker-cartoon-network-teen-titans-go-1234588592/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bushell plays character Emerald in the third season of Andy and the Band on CBeebies. She is the Goddaughter of the Godfather of Rock [[Brian May]], and assists the band in saving Planet Rock by posing as their new manager to help them win the Battle of the Bands.
===Film===
Director [[Kay Cannon]] cast Bushell as a drummer girl<!-- role: https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/nandi-bushell/3000927139/ et al. --> in the 2021 American film ''[[Cinderella (2021 American film)|Cinderella]]'' after convincing Bushell's father that she would be perfect for the role. She has since become friends with Cannon and co-star [[Camila Cabello]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Barnett|first=Sophie|url=https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-drummer-nandi-in-cinderella-movie-6525628|title=Nandi, 10, to star in James Corden's Cinderella movie with Camila Cabello|newspaper=[[Ipswich Star]]|date=6 October 2020|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=19 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019011728/https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-drummer-nandi-in-cinderella-movie-6525628|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Accolades==
[[Cartoon Network]] named Bushell their first official musician-in-residence in February 2021.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/tv-film/nandi-bushell-drumming-cartoon-network-redraw-your-world-promotion-9648712/|title=Nandi Bushell's Drumming Drives Cartoon Network 'Redraw Your World' Promo|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=21 October 2021|access-date=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910213550/https://www.billboard.com/culture/tv-film/nandi-bushell-drumming-cartoon-network-redraw-your-world-promotion-9648712/|url-status=live}}</ref> She was featured on the cover of the June 2021 issue of ''[[Modern Drummer]]'', the magazine's youngest cover artist to date.<ref name="md">{{cite magazine|last=Molenda|first=Michael|url=https://www.moderndrummer.com/wp-content/embed-files/Magazine/2021/06_June/index.html#page=40|title=Nandi Bushell: Pre-teen drumming evangelist spreads the joy of playing across the planet|magazine=[[Modern Drummer]]|page=38|volume=45|number=6|date=June 2021|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018001351/https://www.moderndrummer.com/wp-content/embed-files/Magazine/2021/06_June/index.html#page=40|url-status=live}} Cites lessons.{{indent|2}}{{cite magazine|last=Amendola|first=Billy|url=https://www.moderndrummer.com/wp-content/embed-files/Magazine/2021/08_August/index.html#page=6|title=Burn, Baby, Burn!|magazine=Modern Drummer|page=4|volume=45|number=8|date=August 2021|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918004424/https://www.moderndrummer.com/wp-content/embed-files/Magazine/2021/08_August/index.html#page=6|url-status=live}} Cites youngest.</ref> Hit Like a Girl named Bushell one of its ambassador heroes for 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hitlikeagirlcontest.com/ambassadors/heroes/|title=Heroes|publisher=Hit Like a Girl Contest|date=3 March 2021|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022064121/https://hitlikeagirlcontest.com/ambassadors/heroes/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In February 2022, Drumeo presented her with their inaugural [[Tony Williams (drummer)|Tony Williams award]] for her "infectious energy and passion [that] encourages and inspires people to get excited about drumming and about music".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drumeo.com/beat/drumeo-awards-2021-winners/|title=The winners of the 2021 Drumeo Awards|publisher=Drumeo|location=[[Abbotsford, British Columbia]]|date=4 February 2022|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008192215/https://www.drumeo.com/beat/drumeo-awards-2021-winners/|url-status=live}}</ref> She was named the winner following an online poll.<ref>{{cite news|last=Earth|first=Matthew|url=https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-nandi-bushell-international-drumeo-award-8676580|title=Ipswich drumming sensation Nandi Bushell scoops international award|newspaper=[[Ipswich Star]]|date=8 February 2022|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008192214/https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-nandi-bushell-international-drumeo-award-8676580|url-status=live}}</ref>
During the 7 October 2022 episode of ''[[Blue Peter]]'', Bushell was awarded the [[Blue Peter badge|Gold badge]] for her musical achievements and for "raising awareness about inequality". The Gold badge is the programme's highest honour; past winners include [[Ed Sheeran]], [[Madonna]], and [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/63184167|title=Drummer Nandi Bushell gets gold Blue Peter badge|publisher=[[BBC]]|location=London|date=8 October 2022|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008155959/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/63184167|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bushell was voted #2 by readers of [[MusicRadar]] in December 2022 for its annual list of "best online drum personalities". It was her third straight year in that spot.<ref>{{cite web|last=Groves|first=Will|url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/2022-online-drum-personality-of-the-year-according-to-you|title=2022 online drum personality of the year, according to you|publisher=[[MusicRadar]]|location=[[Bath, Somerset]]|date=6 December 2022|access-date=7 December 2022|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207005817/https://www.musicradar.com/news/2022-online-drum-personality-of-the-year-according-to-you|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- 2021: https://www.musicradar.com/news/the-10-best-online-drum-personalities-in-the-world-right-now-decided-by-you | 2020: https://www.musicradar.com/news/the-8-best-online-drum-personalities-in-the-world-right-now-as-voted-for-by-you -->
She is portrayed, along with 24 other woman musicians, in the book ''Rebel Girls Rock'', the latest edition of the [[Rebel Girls]] series, released in the week of [[International Women's Day]] 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=She has performed at the largest of arenas in the UK. |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-64893371 |access-date=15 March 2023 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>
==Personal life and advocacy==
{{quote box
| width = 24em
| quote = Many social movements have been started and sustained by young people. Nandi and Roman [Morello] used music as a way to share their compelling message about why we need to take action on [[climate change]].
| salign = right
| source = —[[Barack Obama]]<br/>[[Facebook]], 10 November 2021<ref>{{cite web|author-link=Barack Obama|last=Obama|first=Barack|url=https://www.facebook.com/100044322825129/posts/444734070347350/|title=Many social movements have been started ...|publisher=[[Facebook]] (official)|date=10 November 2021|access-date=21 December 2022|archive-date=21 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221164332/https://www.facebook.com/100044322825129/posts/444734070347350/|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
Bushell lives with her parents and her younger brother Thomas in [[Ipswich]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Hume|first=Holly|url=https://www.suffolklive.com/news/suffolk-news/ipswich-drummer-nandi-bushell-profile-5988277|title=Nandi Bushell: The 11-year-old drummer from Ipswich who stole the nation's heart|publisher=[[Reach plc|SuffolkLive]]|date=1 October 2021|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924230427/https://www.suffolklive.com/news/suffolk-news/ipswich-drummer-nandi-bushell-profile-5988277|url-status=live}}</ref> She has been involved in numerous local and international humanitarian causes including the annual fireworks display at [[Christchurch Park]], which raises funds for [[Scouting]] and other organisations.<ref>{{cite news|last=Amos|first=Johnny|url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/23097656.ipswich-nandi-bushell-launch-christchurch-park-fireworks/|title=Ipswich: Nandi Bushell to launch Christchurch Park fireworks|newspaper=[[East Anglian Daily Times]]|location=Ipswich|date=3 November 2022|access-date=3 November 2022|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103100756/https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/23097656.ipswich-nandi-bushell-launch-christchurch-park-fireworks/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In October 2021, Bushell was one of dozens of drummers and other musicians invited by [[Ringo Starr]] to perform a cover of [[The Beatles]]' "[[Come Together]]" for the [[WhyHunger]] project.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/ringo-starr-nandi-bushell-come-together-combat-hunger-9640460/|title=Ringo Starr Jams With Nandi Bushell, Chad Smith & More on Beatles Classic to Drum Out Hunger|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=5 October 2021|access-date=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910220724/https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/ringo-starr-nandi-bushell-come-together-combat-hunger-9640460/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her and Roman Morello's climate song "The Children Will Rise Up" was praised by [[Lenny Kravitz]] and [[Simon Pegg]], and [[Barack Obama]] lauded their "compelling message" from the [[2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference|COP26]] summit.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-59251172 | title = COP26: Barack Obama praises Nandi Bushell's climate change song | date = 11 November 2021 | access-date = 24 November 2021 | work = [[BBC News]] | archive-date = 25 November 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211125004316/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-59251172 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Also in October,<!-- source: "available Tuesday, Oct. 11" --> she took part in "Redraw Your World" for [[Cartoon Network]] and made a [[public service announcement|video]] for its long-running "[[Stop Bullying: Speak Up]]" campaign.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2022/09/cartoon-network-unveils-new-anti-bullying-psa-campaign/|title=Cartoon Network Unveils New Anti-Bullying PSA Campaign|magazine=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=30 September 2021|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003190327/https://www.animationmagazine.net/2022/09/cartoon-network-unveils-new-anti-bullying-psa-campaign/|url-status=live}}</ref> She performs "live drums"<!-- credits: 1:51:15 --> in the [[Netflix]] [[COVID-19]] documentary ''[[Convergence: Courage in a Crisis]]''.<ref name="CCiaC"/>
==Discography==
===Singles===<!-- all listed as singles at https://music.apple.com/us/artist/nandi-bushell/1531581603 and https://open.spotify.com/artist/3fQOB2VPSOikPxNSOGHJfZ/discography/single -->
* "Rock and Grohl – The EPIC Battle" (2020)
* "Gods and Unicorns" (2020)
* "The Children Will Rise Up!" (2021)
* "The Shadows" (2022)
* "Sweet Nightmares" (2023)
* “The Only One” (2025)
===Albums===
* ''Into the Abyss'' (TBD)<!-- https://www.instagram.com/p/Cly43fxPkPZ/ -->
===Soundtracks===
* ''[[Convergence: Courage in a Crisis|Convergence]] (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)'' (2021; featured performer on "I Am Here and I Am Breathing")<!-- https://music.apple.com/ca/album/convergence-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1621505865 -->
==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Television<!-- cited in body unless noted -->
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2018
| "When you're part of it, you put your heart into it"
| Drumming girl
| [[John Lewis & Partners]] Christmas advert
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2019
| "The Book of Dreams"
| Daughter
| [[Argos (retailer)|Argos]] Christmas advert
|-
| ''[[Blue Peter]]''<!-- YouTube xXEncypafO8 -->
| rowspan="10"| Herself
| British chat show
|-
|''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]''
| American chat show
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2020
| ''[[Skavlan]]''
| Scandinavian chat show
|-
| "Drum From Home"
| Argos advert series
|-
| ''[[Tamron Hall (talk show)|Tamron Hall]]''
| American chat show
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2021
| "Redraw Your World"
| rowspan="2"| [[Cartoon Network]] promo
|-
| "[[Stop Bullying: Speak Up]]"
|-
| rowspan="6"| 2022
| ''[[Saturday Mash-Up!]]''
| Children's entertainment programme
|-
| [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II]]
| Took part in both the [[Platinum Party at the Palace]] and the [[Platinum Jubilee Pageant]]
|-
|''[[Access Hollywood]]''<!-- YouTube wb3aPFu21Ls -->
| American chat show
|-
| ''[[Teen Titans Go!]]''
| Herself (cartoon)
| Episode: "Jump City Rock" (season seven)
|-
| ''[[Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)|Good Morning Britain]]''<!-- YouTube nZfcwyzhmO8&t -->
| rowspan="2"| Herself
| British chat show
|-
| ''[[Blue Peter]]''
| Awarded Gold badge
|-
| rowspan="6"| 2023
|-
| ''[[Andy and the Band]]''
| Emerald
| Goddaughter to the Godfather of Rock ([[Brian May]]) Season 3
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Film<!-- cited in body -->
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2021
| ''[[Cinderella (2021 American film)|Cinderella]]''
| Drummer Girl<!-- cited in body -->
| Drums on various items during "Let's Get Loud!"<ref>''[[Cinderella (2021 American film)|Cinderella]]'' (2021). Amazon Prime Video. Event occurs at 1:42:33–1:42:57.</ref>
|-
| ''[[Convergence: Courage in a Crisis]]''
| Herself
| Drums to "I Am Here and I Am Breathing"<ref name="CCiaC">''[[Convergence: Courage in a Crisis]]'' (2021). Netflix. Event occurs at 1:33:01–1:33:08. Retrieved 21 November 2022.</ref><!-- confirms: https://www.air-edel.co.uk/air-edel-records-release-convergence-courage-in-a-crisis/ -->
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Radio
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2022
| "Motivate Me Mix"
| Herself (host)
| Programme on [[BBC Radio 1]]<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001g7s7 "Motivate Me Mix"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226140759/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001g7s7 |date=26 December 2022 }} (26 December 2022). "Nandi Bushell takes over Radio 1 to play the tunes that inspire her ..." [[BBC Radio 1]]. Retrieved on 26 December 2022.</ref>
|-
|}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|auto=yes}}
* {{discogs artist}}
* {{IMDb name|11423680}}
* {{Instagram|id=nandi_bushell}}
* {{twitter|nandi_bushell}}
* {{YouTube|c=UCbMg1QLaHBzmww35QK-mHEQ}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Music|Rock music|United Kingdom}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bushell, Nandi}}
[[Category:2010 births]]
[[Category:British YouTubers]]
[[Category:Child rock musicians]]
[[Category:English rock drummers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Durban]]
[[Category:Musicians from Ipswich]]
[[Category:South African emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
| 1,288,297,802
|
[{"title": "Background information", "data": {"Birth name": "Nandi Lily Bushell", "Born": "28 April 2010 \u00b7 Durban, South Africa", "Origin": "Ipswich, Suffolk, England", "Genres": "Rock", "Instruments": "Drums guitar bass guitar piano saxophone vocals", "Years active": "2018\u2013present"}}]
| false
|
# Amorphoscelis punctata
Amorphoscelis punctata is a species of praying mantis native to Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Congo Basin, and Sierra Leone.
|
enwiki/18488161
|
enwiki
| 18,488,161
|
Amorphoscelis punctata
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphoscelis_punctata
|
2024-11-06T16:54:48Z
|
en
|
Q4747767
| 26,243
|
{{Short description|Species of praying mantis}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = ''Amorphoscelis pulchra''
| taxon = Amorphoscelis punctata
| authority = Bolivar, 1908
}}
'''''Amorphoscelis punctata''''' is a [[species]] of [[praying mantis]] native to Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, [[Congo Basin]], and Sierra Leone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tolweb.org/tree?group%3DAmorphoscelis |title=Amorphoscelis |accessdate=July 18, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606044208/http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Amorphoscelis |archivedate=June 6, 2011 }} Tree of Life Web Project. 2005</ref><ref>[http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Arthropoda/Insects/Mantodea/Family/Amorphoscelidae.txt] Texas A&M University</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of mantis genera and species]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4747767}}
[[Category:Amorphoscelis]]
[[Category:Mantodea of Africa]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1908]]
{{Mantodea-stub}}
| 1,255,779,218
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Mantodea", "Family": "Amorphoscelidae", "Genus": "Amorphoscelis", "Species": "A. punctata"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Amorphoscelis punctata \u00b7 Bolivar, 1908"}}]
| false
|
# Western Front (Soviet Union)
The Western Front was a front of the Red Army, one of the Red Army Fronts during World War II.
The Western Front was created on 22 June 1941 from the Western Special Military District (which before July 1940 was known as Belorussian Special Military District). The first Front Commander was Dmitry Pavlov (continuing from his position as District Commander since June 1940).
The western boundary of the Front in June 1941 was 470 km (290 mi) long, from the southern border of Lithuania to the Pripyat River and the town of Włodawa. It connected with the adjacent North-Western Front, which extended from the Lithuanian border to the Baltic Sea, and the Southwestern Front in Ukraine.
## Operational history
### Front dispositions 22 June 1941
The 1939 partition of Poland according to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact established a new western border with no permanent defense installations, and the army deployment within the Front created weak flanks.
At the outbreak of war with Germany, the Western Special Military District was, in accordance with Soviet pre-war planning, immediately converted into the Western Front, under the District's commander, Army General Dmitry Pavlov. The main forces of the Western Front were concentrated forward along the frontier, organized in three armies. To defend the Białystok salient, the front fielded the 10th Army, under Lieutenant General Konstantin Golubev, supported by the 6th Mechanized Corps and 13th Mechanized Corps, under Major Generals Mikhail Khatskilevich and Pyotr Akhliustin. On the 10th Army's left flank was 4th Army, under Lieutenant General Aleksandr Korobkov, supported by the 14th Mechanized Corps, under Major General Stepan Oborin; and on the right the 3rd Army, under Lieutenant General Vasily Kuznetsov supported by the 11th Mechanized Corps, under Major General Dmitry Karpovich Mostovenko. To the rear was the 13th Army, under Lieutenant General Pyotr Filatov. This army initially existed as a headquarters unit only, with no assigned combat forces.
Among forces of Frontal designation were the 2nd Rifle Corps (100th, 161st Rifle Divisions), 21st Rifle Corps (17th, 24th, 37th Rifle Division), 44th Rifle Corps (64th, 108th Rifle Divisions), 47th Rifle Corps (55th, 121st, 143rd Rifle Divisions), 50th Rifle Division, 4th Airborne Corps (7th, 8th, 214th Airborne Brigades) commanded by Alexey Zhadov at Minsk, and the 58th (Sebezh), 61st (Polotsk), 63rd (Minsk-Slutsky), 64th (Zambrow) and 65th (Mozyr) Fortified Regions. Mechanised forces in reserve included the 20th Mechanized Corps under Major General Andrey Nikitin at Minsk and the 17th Mechanized Corps, under Major General Mikhail Petrov, slightly further forward at Slonim. Altogether, on 22 June the Western Special Military District fielded 671,165 men, 14,171 guns and mortars, 2,900 tanks and 1,812 combat aircraft.
The Western Front was on the main axis of attack by the German Army Group Centre, commanded by Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. German plans for Operation Barbarossa called for the Army Group Centre's Second Panzer Group, under Colonel General Heinz Guderian, to attack south of Brest, advance through Slonim and Baranovichi, turning north-east towards Minsk where it would be met by Colonel General Hermann Hoth's Third Panzer Group, which would attack Vilnius, to the north of the Białystok salient, and then turn south-east. In addition to the two panzer groups. The Army Group Centre also included Field Marshal Günther von Kluge's Fourth Army and Colonel General Adolf Strauss' Ninth Army. Air support was provided by Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's Luftflotte 2 which contained more than half the German aircraft committed to the attack on the Soviet Union.
### Defeat on the Frontiers 22–28 June
The war started disastrously for the Western Front with the Battle of Białystok-Minsk. The German Ninth and Fourth Armies of Army Group Centre penetrated the border north and south of the Białystok salient. The Front's tanks and aviation at airfields were annihilated by German air strikes.
Soviet command and control suffered almost complete breakdown. Worst hit was the 4th Army, which failed to establish communications with headquarters both above and below it. Attempts to launch a counter-attack with the 10th Army on 23 June were unsuccessful. That same day the German Third Panzer Group captured Vilnius after outflanking the 3rd Army. On 24 June, Pavlov again attempted to organize a counter-attack, assigning his deputy Lieutenant General Ivan Boldin the command of the 6th and 11th Mechanized Corps and the 6th Cavalry Corps, commanded by Major General Ivan Semenovich Nikitin. With this mobile force Boldin was to attack northward from the Białystok region towards Grodno to prevent encirclement of Soviet forces in the salient.
This attempted counter-attack was also fruitless. Almost without any interference from Soviet fighters, the close support aircraft of Germany's 8th Air Corps were able to break the backbone of Western Front's counter-attack at Grodno. The 6th Cavalry Corps was so badly mauled by this aerial onslaught against its columns that it was unable to deploy for attack. Jagdgeschwader 53's Hermann Neuhoff recalled:
We found the main roads in the area heavily congested with Russian vehicles of all kinds, but no fighter opposition and very little flak. We made one firing pass after another and caused terrible destruction on the ground. Literally everything was ablaze by the time we turned for home. This air operation continued until nightfall on 24th June, resulting in 105 tanks reportedly destroyed by German aircraft. Particularly successful attacks were made by the Dornier Do 17's of KG 2. In effect Pavlov's counter-attack was completely routed.
Of the 6th Mechanized Corps' 1,212 tanks, only about 200 reached their assembly areas due to air attacks and mechanical breakdowns, and even they ran out of fuel by the end of the day. The same fate awaited the 243 tanks of the 11th Mechanized Corps, ordered to attack towards Grodno on 25 June. The 6th Cavalry Corps suffered 50% casualties and its commander, Nikitin, was captured. The attempted attack allowed many Soviet forces to escape from the Białystok region towards Minsk, but this brought only temporary relief. With both the German Second and Third Panzer Groups racing towards Minsk on the Western Front's southern and northern flanks, a new encirclement threatened.
In the evening of 25 June, the German 47th Panzer Corps cut between Slonim and Vawkavysk, forcing the attempted withdrawal of troops in the salient to avoid encirclement and opening the southern approaches to Minsk.
Pavlov dispatched orders to disengage and withdraw into new defences behind the Shchara River, but the few units receiving the orders were unable to break contact with the enemy. Hounded by constant air attacks, Pavlov's forces fled eastward on foot. Most of the 10th Army was not able to cross the river because the bridges over the Shchara were destroyed by air attacks. Further east, the 13th Army, which had received orders to assemble various withdrawing forces into the defence of Minsk, had its headquarters ambushed by German spearheads and its defence plans captured. Pavlov then ordered his 20th Mechanized and 4th Airborne Corps, until then held in reserve, to halt the Germans at Slutsk. However the 20th Mechanized Corps had only 93 older tanks and the 4th Airborne had to deploy on foot from lack of aircraft. Neither proved any threat to the advancing Second Panzer Group.
On 27 June 1941, the German Second and Third Panzer Groups striking from south and north linked up near Minsk, surrounding and eventually destroying the Soviet 3rd, 10th and 13th Armies, and portions of the 4th Army, in total about 20 divisions, while the remainder of the 4th Army fell back eastwards toward the Berezina River. On 28 June 1941, the Ninth and Fourth German Armies linked east of Białystok splitting the encircled Soviet forces into two pockets: a larger Białystok pocket containing the Soviet 10th Army and a smaller Navahrudak pocket.
In the first 18 days of the war, the Western Front had suffered 417,790 casualties, lost 9,427 guns and mortars, 4,799 tanks and 1,777 combat aircraft, and practically ceased to exist as a military force.
The Front commander, General of the Army Dmitry Pavlov, and the Front Staff were recalled to Moscow. There they were accused of intentional disorganization of defense and retreat without battle, sentenced as traitors, and executed. The families of the traitors were repressed according to NKVD Order no. 00486. This order dealt with families of traitors of the Motherland. (They were rehabilitated in 1956.)
### Western Front reorganized 28 June – 2 July
Furious over the loss of Minsk on 28 June, Stalin replaced the disgraced Pavlov with Colonel General Andrey Yeryomenko as commander of the Western Front. Arriving at Front headquarters at Mogilev on the morning of 29 June, Yeryomenko was faced with the daunting task of restoring order to the Western Front's defences. To accomplish this task he had initially only the remnants of the 4th and 13th Armies, of which the former had been reduced to the equivalent of a division in strength. On 1 July, he ordered the 13th Army to fall back to the Berezina River and defend the sectors between the towns of Kholkolnitza, Borisov and Brodets. Further south, the 4th Army were to defend the Berezina from Brodets through Svisloch to Bobruisk. To reinforce the Front's defences the elite 1st Moscow Motor Rifle Division was rushed from Moscow Military District to Borisov. This division, commanded by Colonel Yakov Kreizer, was at full strength with two motorized regiments, one tank regiment and 229 tanks. However, by that date Yeryomenko's defense line on the Berezina had already been rendered obsolete by Guderian's Panzer Divisions. On 29 June, the 3rd Panzer Division captured a bridgehead at Bobruisk from the 4th Army's 47th Rifle Corps, and on 30 June, the 4th Panzer Division seized the railroad bridge at Svisloch from the 4th Airborne Corps, cutting off one of that corps' three brigades and most of the 20th Mechanized Corps.
Then on 2 July Stalin appointed Semyon Timoshenko, Marshal of the Soviet Union and People's Commissar for Defence, to command the Western Front, with Yeryomenko and Marshal Semyon Budyonny as his deputies. At the same time Stalin transferred four armies, the 19th Army, 20th Army, 21st Army and 22nd Army, from Marshal Budyonny's Group of Reserve Armies to the Western Front. After a telephone conversation with Timoshenko, Stalin added a fifth reserve army, the weak 16th Army, as well.
Timoshenko's orders were to defend the Western Dvina River-Dniepr River line. To this end the front deployed on its northern flank the 22nd Army under Lieutenant General Filipp Yershakov to defend the sector from Sebezh southward to the Western Dvina, and then south along that river from north of Polotsk to Beshenkovichi. South of the 22nd Army, the 20th Army, under Lieutenant General Pavel Kurochkin, was to defend the gap between the rivers from Beshenkovichi on the Western Dvina to Shklov on the Dnepr, supported by the 5th Mechanized Corps, under Major General Ilya Alekseyenko, and the 7th Mechanized Corps, under Major General Vasilii Ivanovich Vinogradov. The 19th Army, under Lieutenant General Ivan Konev, that time regrouping northward from the Kiev region, was to defend the Vitebsk region to the rear of 22nd and 20th Armies. The 19th Army included the 23rd Mechanized Corps under Major General Mikhail Akimovich Miasnikov. On the front's southern flank the 21st Army, under Lieutenant General Vasyl Herasymenko, including the 25th Mechanized Corps under Major General Semyon Krivoshein, was to defend the sector from Rogachev to Rechitsa. The remnants of the 4th and 13th Armies were to fall back and regroup at the Sozh River at the rear of the 21st Army. In early July Stalin relieved Korobkov, the commander of the 4th Army, and had him executed for treason. He was replaced by Colonel Leonid Sandalov Finally the 16th Army, under Lieutenant General Mikhail Fedorovich Lukin, was kept in reserve in the Smolensk region.
### German advance to the Dniepr 2–9 July
The Western Front had been given a brief respite to erect new defences while the Germans reduced the pockets created during the Białystok-Minsk battles. With the Minsk pocket nearly disintegrated, the German Panzer Groups resumed their offensive against the Western Front on 2 July. On the Front's northern flank, the advance of Hoth's forces was hampered by poor weather. The LVII Motorised Corps made the best progress, but encountered heavy resistance from the Soviet 22nd Army's 62nd Rifle Corps on the approaches to Polotsk, which led the German corps commander, Adolf-Friedrich Kuntzen, to reroute his 19th Panzer Division northward to Disna on the southern bank of the Western Dvina. The XXXIX Motorised Corps, hindered by poor road conditions and resistance from the Soviet 20th Army and 5th and 7th Mechanized Corps, only advanced only as far as Lepel in two days. Further south Borisov, defended by the remnants of the 13th Army and the Borisov Tank School, fell to the 18th Panzer Division of the 2nd Panzer Group's XXXXVII Motorised Corps on 2 July. The Germans captured the road bridge intact despite Yeryomenko's personal instructions that it be destroyed. Timoshenko was ordered by the Stavka (the Soviet High Command) to restore the situation with Kreizer's 1st Moscow Motor Rifle Division. The XXXXVI Motorised Corps also captured a bridgehead across the Berezina on 2 July when the SS Motorized Division Das Reich captured Pogost, but were then for two days hindered by the 13th Army and 4th Army's 4th Airborne and 20th Mechanized Corps. On the southern flank, the remnants of the 4th Army's Rifle Divisions were only able to offer light resistance to the German XXIV Motorised Corps; instead the attackers were repeatedly halted by destroyed bridges at the Berezina, Ola, Dobosna and Drut Rivers.
Kreizer launched his counter-attack against the German bridgehead at Borisov on 3 July, but the defenders had been forewarned by radio intercepts and air reconnaissance, and with their superior tactics beat back this isolated Soviet attack. Defeated, Kreizer accordingly retreated behind the Nacha River and fought during the withdrawal towards Orsha, where his troops were aided by the arrival of the 20th Army. Also on 3 July, the spearheads of the XXIV Motorised Corps reached the rain-swollen Dniepr, with the 3rd Panzer Division arriving at the river north of Rogachev and the 4th Panzer Division advancing to Bykhov. By nightfall the Western Front could report that remnants of the 4th and 13th Armies had been able to retreat across the Dniepr, however hardly anything of the 3rd and 10th Armies remained. Moreover, parts of the 13th Army and 17th Mechanized Corps were still west of the Dniepr. Accordingly, Timoshenko ordered his 21st Army to shore up its defences along the river and help the withdrawal by sending out forces to spoil the German advance. On 4 July, the 19th Panzer Division seized a bridgehead across the Western Dvina at Disna from the defending 51st Rifle Corps of the Soviet 22nd Army, where it was reinforced by the German 18th Motorised Division.
### The Smolensk pocket
The Front took part in the fierce Battle of Smolensk (1941), which managed to disrupt the German blitzkrieg for two months. The Germans successfully encircled and destroyed large parts of the Soviet 16th, 19th, and 20th Armies.
During July the Western Front's area of responsibility was reduced by the formation of the new Central and Reserve Fronts.
Stiffening Soviet resistance in the centre convinced Hitler to put a temporary halt to the advance towards Moscow and divert the Army Group Centre's armour towards Leningrad and Kiev.
### The Soviet Dukhovshchina Offensive
On 17 August, the Western Front launched an offensive towards Dukhovshchina as part of a larger Soviet attempt to counter-attack. However, despite some local successes, the offensive failed to breach the German defenses and the offensive was called off 10 September.
Newly promoted Colonel General Ivan Konev took over command in September when Timoshenko was transferred south to restore the situation in the then ongoing Battle of Kiev.
### The Vyazma pocket
On 2 October, German forces resumed their advance on Moscow with the launch of Operation Typhoon. The Western Front again suffered immense losses when large parts of its forces were encircled near Vyazma.
### Assault on Moscow
When Zhukov took over on 10 October, the Soviet Reserve Front had just been disbanded and its forces incorporated into Western Front, but given the pounding that Soviet forces had suffered, the force numbered only 90,000 men. The 16th Army under Konstantin Rokossovsky held at Volokolamsk, and General L. A. Govorov had the 5th Army, recently raised from 1st Guards Rifle Corps, and soon to include the 32nd Rifle Division at Mozhaisk. The 43rd Army was under General K. D. Golubev at Maloyaroslavets, and the 49th Army was near Kaluga under General I. G. Zakharin. The 49th Army had been formed in August 1941 and was initially assigned to the Reserve Front. On 1 September 1941, the 49th Army comprised the 194th, 220th, and 248th Rifle Divisions, and the 4th Division of the People's Militia. Meanwhile, the 33rd Army was forming at Naro-Fominsk under General Lieutenant M. G. Yefremov, and was to be assigned to Zhukov's command.
The Soviets just managed to halt the German advance in the Battle of Moscow, leading to further furious fighting in the Battles of Rzhev just to the west. In May 1942 the Front's air forces became the 1st Air Army.
### Later operations in World War II
The Front appears to have controlled the three armies - the 5th Army, 33rd Army, and 10th Guards Army - which formed the assault force in the Battle of Smolensk (1943). On 1 August 1943, the 70th Rifle Corps was listed on the Soviet order of battle, as a headquarters with no troops assigned, directly subordinate to the front.
On 24 April 1944, the Front was divided into the 2nd Belorussian Front and 3rd Belorussian Front.
### Status today
Russian ground troops continue the Soviet Army's organizational arrangement of having military districts that have both a wartime territorial administration role and the capability to generate formation headquarters (HQs) to command fronts. This was emphasized by reports of a Moscow Military District exercise in April 2001, when the district's units were to be divided into two groups, "one operating for the western front and the other for the wartime military district".
## Commanders
- General of the Army Dmitri G. Pavlov (to 28 June 1941; executed)
- Andrey Yeryomenko (28 June – 2 July 1941)
- Marshal Semyon K. Timoshenko (2 July – September, 1941)
- Lt. General Ivan S. Konev [promoted to Colonel General in September 1941] (September–October 1941; August 1942 – February 1943)
- General Georgy K. Zhukov (October 1941 – August 1942)
- Colonel General V. D. Sokolovsky [promoted to full General in August 1943] (February 1943 – April 1944)
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{{Short description|WW2 Soviet Red Army formation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2008}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Western Front
| image = [[File:Red Army Badge.svg|220px]]
| caption =
| dates = 22 June 1941 – March, 1944
| country = {{country|USSR}}
| allegiance = [[Red Army|Soviet Red Army]]
| branch =
| type =
| role = Organize strategic operations
| size = Frontal area
| command_structure =
| garrison =
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors =
| colors_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles = [[Battle of Białystok–Minsk]], <br /> [[Battle of Smolensk (1941)]], <br /> [[Battle of Moscow]], <br /> [[Rzhev-Sychyovka-Vyazma Front]], <br /> [[Battle of Smolensk (1943)]]
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| notable_commanders = [[Dmitry Pavlov (general)|Dmitry Pavlov]], <br />[[Andrey Yeryomenko]], <br />[[Semyon Timoshenko]], <br />[[Ivan Konev]], <br />[[Georgy Zhukov]], <br />[[Vasily Sokolovsky]]
}}
[[File:Eastern Front 1941-06 to 1941-09.png|right|300px|thumb|World War II Eastern Front at the beginning of [[Operation Barbarossa]] ]]
The '''Western Front''' was a [[Front (military formation)|front]] of the [[Red Army]], one of the [[Soviet Fronts in World War II|Red Army Front]]s during [[World War II]].
The Western Front was created on 22 June 1941 from the '''Western Special Military District''' (which before July 1940 was known as [[Belarussian Military District|Belorussian Special Military District]]). The first Front Commander was [[Dmitry Pavlov (general)|Dmitry Pavlov]] (continuing from his position as District Commander since June 1940).
The western boundary of the Front in June 1941 was {{cvt|470|km}} long, from the southern border of [[Lithuania]] to the [[Pripyat River]] and the town of [[Włodawa]]. It connected with the adjacent [[North-Western Front]], which extended from the Lithuanian border to the Baltic Sea, and the [[Soviet Southwestern Front|Southwestern Front]] in Ukraine.
==Operational history==
===Front dispositions 22 June 1941===
The 1939 partition of Poland according to the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]] established a new western border with no permanent defense installations, and the army deployment within the Front created weak flanks.
At the outbreak of war with Germany, the Western Special Military District was, in accordance with Soviet pre-war planning, immediately converted into the Western Front, under the District's commander, Army General Dmitry Pavlov. The main forces of the Western Front were concentrated forward along the frontier, organized in three armies. To defend the [[Białystok]] salient, the front fielded the [[10th Army (Soviet Union)|10th Army]], under Lieutenant General [[Konstantin Golubev]], supported by the [[6th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|6th Mechanized Corps]] and [[13th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|13th Mechanized Corps]], under Major Generals [[Mikhail Khatskilevich]] and [[Pyotr Akhlyustin|Pyotr Akhliustin]]. On the 10th Army's left flank was [[4th Army (Soviet Union)|4th Army]], under Lieutenant General [[Aleksandr Korobkov]], supported by the [[14th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|14th Mechanized Corps]], under Major General [[Stepan Oborin]]; and on the right the [[3rd Army (Soviet Union)|3rd Army]], under Lieutenant General [[Vasily Kuznetsov (general)|Vasily Kuznetsov]] supported by the [[11th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|11th Mechanized Corps]], under Major General [[Dmitry Karpovich Mostovenko]]. To the rear was the [[13th Army (Soviet Union)|13th Army]], under Lieutenant General [[Pyotr Filatov]].{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|pp=29–31}} This army initially existed as a headquarters unit only, with no assigned combat forces.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
Among forces of Frontal designation were the [[2nd Rifle Corps]] ([[100th Rifle Division|100th]], [[161st Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|161st Rifle Division]]s), [[21st Rifle Corps]] ([[17th Rifle Division|17th]], [[24th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|24th]], [[37th Rifle Division]]), [[44th Rifle Corps]] (64th, 108th Rifle Divisions), [[47th Rifle Corps]] ([[55th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|55th]], [[121st Rifle Division|121st]], 143rd Rifle Divisions), [[50th Rifle Division]], [[4th Airborne Corps]] (7th, 8th, 214th Airborne Brigades) commanded by [[Aleksei Semenovich Zhadov|Alexey Zhadov]] at [[Minsk]], and the 58th (Sebezh), 61st (Polotsk), [[63rd Fortified Region|63rd (Minsk-Slutsky)]], 64th (Zambrow) and 65th (Mozyr) Fortified Regions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tashv.nm.ru/BoevojSostavSA/1941/19410622.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128020019/www.tashv.nm.ru/BoevojSostavSA/1941/19410622.html|archive-date=2009-11-28|title=Боевой состав Советской Армии на 22 июня 1941 г. (eng trans:The combat composition of the Soviet Army on June 22, 1941)|language=ru}}</ref> Mechanised forces in reserve included the [[20th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|20th Mechanized Corps]] under Major General [[Andrey Nikitin (general)|Andrey Nikitin]] at Minsk and the [[17th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|17th Mechanized Corps]], under Major General [[Mikhail Petrovich Petrov (general)|Mikhail Petrov]], slightly further forward at [[Slonim]]. Altogether, on 22 June the Western Special Military District fielded 671,165 men, 14,171 guns and mortars, 2,900 tanks and 1,812 combat aircraft.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=37n30}}
The Western Front was on the main axis of attack by the German [[Army Group Centre]], commanded by Field Marshal [[Fedor von Bock]]. German plans for [[Operation Barbarossa]] called for the Army Group Centre's [[Second Panzer Group]], under Colonel General [[Heinz Guderian]], to attack south of [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]], advance through Slonim and Baranovichi, turning north-east towards Minsk where it would be met by Colonel General [[Hermann Hoth]]'s [[3rd Panzer Group|Third Panzer Group]], which would attack [[Vilnius]], to the north of the Białystok salient, and then turn south-east. In addition to the two panzer groups. The Army Group Centre also included Field Marshal [[Günther von Kluge]]'s [[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fourth Army]] and Colonel General [[Adolf Strauss (general)|Adolf Strauss]]' [[9th Army (Wehrmacht)|Ninth Army]]. Air support was provided by Field Marshal [[Albert Kesselring]]'s [[Luftflotte 2]] which contained more than half the German aircraft committed to the attack on the Soviet Union.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=29}}
=== Defeat on the Frontiers 22–28 June ===
The war started disastrously for the Western Front with the [[Battle of Białystok-Minsk]]. The German Ninth and Fourth Armies of Army Group Centre penetrated the border north and south of the Białystok salient. The Front's tanks and aviation at airfields were annihilated by German air strikes.
Soviet command and control suffered almost complete breakdown. Worst hit was the 4th Army, which failed to establish communications with headquarters both above and below it. Attempts to launch a counter-attack with the 10th Army on 23 June were unsuccessful. That same day the German Third Panzer Group captured Vilnius after outflanking the 3rd Army.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=29}} On 24 June, Pavlov again attempted to organize a counter-attack, assigning his deputy Lieutenant General [[Ivan Boldin]] the command of the 6th and 11th Mechanized Corps and the [[6th Cavalry Corps (Soviet Union)|6th Cavalry Corps]], commanded by Major General [[Ivan Semenovich Nikitin]]. With this mobile force Boldin was to attack northward from the [[Białystok]] region towards [[Grodno]] to prevent encirclement of Soviet forces in the salient.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|pp=31–32}}
This attempted counter-attack was also fruitless. Almost without any interference from Soviet fighters, the close support aircraft of Germany's [[8th Air Corps (Germany)|8th Air Corps]] were able to break the backbone of Western Front's counter-attack at Grodno. The 6th Cavalry Corps was so badly mauled by this aerial onslaught against its columns that it was unable to deploy for attack. [[Jagdgeschwader 53]]'s [[Hermann Neuhoff]] recalled: {{blockquote|We found the main roads in the area heavily congested with Russian vehicles of all kinds, but no fighter opposition and very little flak. We made one firing pass after another and caused terrible destruction on the ground. Literally everything was ablaze by the time we turned for home. This air operation continued until nightfall on 24th June, resulting in 105 tanks reportedly destroyed by German aircraft. Particularly successful attacks were made by the [[Dornier Do 17]]'s of [[Kampfgeschwader 2|KG 2]]. In effect Pavlov's counter-attack was completely routed.<ref>''Barbarossa - The Air Battle: July–December 1941'' by Christer Bergstrom, 2007 pp. 20-23.</ref>}}
Of the 6th Mechanized Corps' 1,212 tanks, only about 200 reached their assembly areas due to air attacks and mechanical breakdowns, and even they ran out of fuel by the end of the day. The same fate awaited the 243 tanks of the 11th Mechanized Corps, ordered to attack towards Grodno on 25 June.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=37n34}} The 6th Cavalry Corps suffered 50% casualties and its commander, Nikitin, was captured. The attempted attack allowed many Soviet forces to escape from the Białystok region towards Minsk, but this brought only temporary relief. With both the German Second and Third Panzer Groups racing towards Minsk on the Western Front's southern and northern flanks, a new encirclement threatened.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=32}}
In the evening of 25 June, the German 47th Panzer Corps cut between [[Slonim]] and [[Vawkavysk]], forcing the attempted withdrawal of troops in the salient to avoid encirclement and opening the southern approaches to Minsk.
Pavlov dispatched orders to disengage and withdraw into new defences behind the [[Shchara River]], but the few units receiving the orders were unable to break contact with the enemy. Hounded by constant air attacks, Pavlov's forces fled eastward on foot. Most of the 10th Army was not able to cross the river because the bridges over the Shchara were destroyed by air attacks. Further east, the 13th Army, which had received orders to assemble various withdrawing forces into the defence of Minsk, had its headquarters ambushed by German spearheads and its defence plans captured. Pavlov then ordered his 20th Mechanized and 4th Airborne Corps, until then held in reserve, to halt the Germans at [[Slutsk]].{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=32}} However the 20th Mechanized Corps had only 93 older tanks and the 4th Airborne had to deploy on foot from lack of aircraft. Neither proved any threat to the advancing Second Panzer Group.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=38n39}}
On 27 June 1941, the German Second and Third Panzer Groups striking from south and north linked up near Minsk, surrounding and eventually destroying the Soviet 3rd, 10th and 13th Armies, and portions of the 4th Army, in total about 20 divisions, while the remainder of the 4th Army fell back eastwards toward the [[Berezina River]]. On 28 June 1941, the Ninth and Fourth German Armies linked east of Białystok splitting the encircled Soviet forces into two pockets: a larger Białystok pocket containing the Soviet 10th Army and a smaller [[Navahrudak]] pocket.
In the first 18 days of the war, the Western Front had suffered 417,790 casualties, lost 9,427 guns and mortars, 4,799 tanks and 1,777 combat aircraft, and practically ceased to exist as a military force.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|pp=32–33}}
The Front commander, [[Army General (Soviet rank)|General of the Army]] [[Dmitry Pavlov (general)|Dmitry Pavlov]], and the Front Staff were recalled to Moscow. There they were accused of intentional disorganization of defense and retreat without battle, sentenced as traitors, and executed. The families of the traitors were repressed according to [[NKVD Order no. 00486]]. This order dealt with families of traitors of the Motherland. (They were rehabilitated in 1956.)
===Western Front reorganized 28 June – 2 July===
Furious over the loss of Minsk on 28 June, Stalin replaced the disgraced Pavlov with Colonel General [[Andrey Yeryomenko]] as commander of the Western Front. Arriving at Front headquarters at [[Mogilev]] on the morning of 29 June, Yeryomenko was faced with the daunting task of restoring order to the Western Front's defences. To accomplish this task he had initially only the remnants of the 4th and 13th Armies, of which the former had been reduced to the equivalent of a division in strength. On 1 July, he ordered the 13th Army to fall back to the Berezina River and defend the sectors between the towns of [[Kholkolnitza]], [[Barysaw|Borisov]] and [[Brodets]]. Further south, the 4th Army were to defend the Berezina from Brodets through Svisloch to [[Bobruisk]]. To reinforce the Front's defences the elite [[1st Guards Motor Rifle Division|1st Moscow Motor Rifle Division]] was rushed from [[Moscow Military District]] to Borisov. This division, commanded by Colonel [[Yakov Kreizer]], was at full strength with two motorized regiments, one tank regiment and 229 tanks. However, by that date Yeryomenko's defense line on the Berezina had already been rendered obsolete by Guderian's Panzer Divisions.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|pp=56–57}} On 29 June, the [[3rd Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|3rd Panzer Division]] captured a bridgehead at Bobruisk from the 4th Army's [[47th Rifle Corps]], and on 30 June, the [[4th Panzer Division]] seized the railroad bridge at Svisloch from the 4th Airborne Corps, cutting off one of that corps' three brigades and most of the 20th Mechanized Corps.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=60}}
Then on 2 July Stalin appointed [[Semyon Timoshenko]], Marshal of the Soviet Union and People's Commissar for Defence, to command the Western Front, with Yeryomenko and Marshal [[Semyon Budyonny]] as his deputies. At the same time Stalin transferred four armies, the [[19th Army (Soviet Union)|19th Army]], [[20th Army (Soviet Union)|20th Army]], [[21st Army (Soviet Union)|21st Army]] and [[22nd Army (Soviet Union)|22nd Army]], from Marshal Budyonny's [[Group of Reserve Armies]] to the Western Front. After a telephone conversation with Timoshenko, Stalin added a fifth reserve army, the weak [[16th Army (Soviet Union)|16th Army]], as well.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=58}}
Timoshenko's orders were to defend the [[Western Dvina River]]-[[Dniepr River]] line. To this end the front deployed on its northern flank the 22nd Army under Lieutenant General [[Filipp Yershakov]] to defend the sector from [[Sebezh]] southward to the Western Dvina, and then south along that river from north of [[Polotsk]] to [[Beshenkovichi]]. South of the 22nd Army, the 20th Army, under Lieutenant General [[Pavel Kurochkin]], was to defend the gap between the rivers from Beshenkovichi on the Western Dvina to [[Shklov]] on the Dnepr, supported by the [[5th Mechanised Corps (Soviet Union)|5th Mechanized Corps]], under Major General [[Ilya Alekseyenko]], and the [[7th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|7th Mechanized Corps]], under Major General [[Vasilii Ivanovich Vinogradov]]. The 19th Army, under Lieutenant General [[Ivan Konev]], that time regrouping northward from the [[Kiev]] region, was to defend the [[Vitebsk]] region to the rear of 22nd and 20th Armies. The 19th Army included the [[23rd Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|23rd Mechanized Corps]] under Major General [[Mikhail Akimovich Miasnikov]]. On the front's southern flank the 21st Army, under Lieutenant General [[Vasyl Herasymenko]], including the [[25th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|25th Mechanized Corps]] under Major General [[Semyon Krivoshein]], was to defend the sector from [[Rogachev]] to [[Rechitsa]]. The remnants of the 4th and 13th Armies were to fall back and regroup at the [[Sozh River]] at the rear of the 21st Army. In early July Stalin relieved Korobkov, the commander of the 4th Army, and had him executed for treason. He was replaced by Colonel [[Leonid Sandalov]] Finally the 16th Army, under Lieutenant General [[Mikhail Fedorovich Lukin]], was kept in reserve in the [[Smolensk]] region.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=59}}
===German advance to the Dniepr 2–9 July===
The Western Front had been given a brief respite to erect new defences while the Germans reduced the pockets created during the Białystok-Minsk battles. With the Minsk pocket nearly disintegrated, the German Panzer Groups resumed their offensive against the Western Front on 2 July. On the Front's northern flank, the advance of Hoth's forces was hampered by poor weather. The [[LVII Motorised Corps (Germany)|LVII Motorised Corps]] made the best progress, but encountered heavy resistance from the Soviet 22nd Army's [[62nd Rifle Corps]] on the approaches to Polotsk, which led the German corps commander, [[Adolf-Friedrich Kuntzen]], to reroute his [[19th Panzer Division]] northward to [[Disna]] on the southern bank of the Western Dvina. The [[XXXIX Motorised Corps (Germany)|XXXIX Motorised Corps]], hindered by poor road conditions and resistance from the Soviet 20th Army and 5th and 7th Mechanized Corps, only advanced only as far as [[Lepel]] in two days.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|pp=63–64}} Further south Borisov, defended by the remnants of the 13th Army and the Borisov Tank School, fell to the [[18th Panzer Division]] of the 2nd Panzer Group's [[XXXXVII Motorised Corps (Germany)|XXXXVII Motorised Corps]] on 2 July. The Germans captured the road bridge intact despite Yeryomenko's personal instructions that it be destroyed. Timoshenko was ordered by the [[Stavka]] (the Soviet High Command) to restore the situation with Kreizer's 1st Moscow Motor Rifle Division.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=65}} The [[XXXXVI Motorised Corps (Germany)|XXXXVI Motorised Corps]] also captured a bridgehead across the Berezina on 2 July when the [[2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich|SS Motorized Division ''Das Reich'']] captured [[Pogost]], but were then for two days hindered by the 13th Army and 4th Army's 4th Airborne and 20th Mechanized Corps.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=67}} On the southern flank, the remnants of the 4th Army's Rifle Divisions were only able to offer light resistance to the German [[XXIV Motorised Corps (Germany)|XXIV Motorised Corps]]; instead the attackers were repeatedly halted by destroyed bridges at the Berezina, [[Ola River|Ola]], [[Dobosna River|Dobosna]] and [[Drut River]]s.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|pp=67–68}}
Kreizer launched his counter-attack against the German bridgehead at Borisov on 3 July, but the defenders had been forewarned by radio intercepts and air reconnaissance, and with their superior tactics beat back this isolated Soviet attack. Defeated, Kreizer accordingly retreated behind the [[Nacha River]] and fought during the withdrawal towards [[Orsha]], where his troops were aided by the arrival of the 20th Army.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|pp=66–67}} Also on 3 July, the spearheads of the XXIV Motorised Corps reached the rain-swollen Dniepr, with the 3rd Panzer Division arriving at the river north of Rogachev and the 4th Panzer Division advancing to [[Bykhov]]. By nightfall the Western Front could report that remnants of the 4th and 13th Armies had been able to retreat across the Dniepr, however hardly anything of the 3rd and 10th Armies remained. Moreover, parts of the 13th Army and 17th Mechanized Corps were still west of the Dniepr. Accordingly, Timoshenko ordered his 21st Army to shore up its defences along the river and help the withdrawal by sending out forces to spoil the German advance.{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=68}} On 4 July, the 19th Panzer Division seized a bridgehead across the Western Dvina at Disna from the defending [[51st Rifle Corps]] of the Soviet 22nd Army, where it was reinforced by the German [[18th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|18th Motorised Division]].{{Sfn|Glantz|2010|p=64}}
===The Smolensk pocket===
The Front took part in the fierce [[Battle of Smolensk (1941)]], which managed to disrupt the German ''[[blitzkrieg]]'' for two months. The Germans successfully encircled and destroyed large parts of the Soviet 16th, 19th, and 20th Armies.
During July the Western Front's area of responsibility was reduced by the formation of the new [[Central Front (Soviet Union)|Central]] and [[Reserve Front]]s.
Stiffening Soviet resistance in the centre convinced Hitler to put a temporary halt to the advance towards Moscow and divert the Army Group Centre's armour towards Leningrad and Kiev.
===The Soviet Dukhovshchina Offensive===
On 17 August, the Western Front launched an offensive towards [[Dukhovshchina, Smolensk Oblast|Dukhovshchina]] as part of a larger Soviet attempt to counter-attack. However, despite some local successes, the offensive failed to breach the German defenses and the offensive was called off 10 September.
Newly promoted Colonel General [[Ivan Konev]] took over command in September when Timoshenko was transferred south to restore the situation in the then ongoing [[Battle of Kiev (1941)|Battle of Kiev]].
===The Vyazma pocket===
On 2 October, German forces resumed their advance on Moscow with the launch of Operation Typhoon. The Western Front again suffered immense losses when large parts of its forces were encircled near [[Vyazma]].
===Assault on Moscow===
When Zhukov took over on 10 October, the [[Soviet Reserve Front]] had just been disbanded and its forces incorporated into Western Front,<ref name=GeorgyZhukov>{{Cite book |last=Zhukov |first=Georgy |title=Marshal of Victory, Volume II |publisher=Pen and Sword Books Ltd. |year=1974 |ISBN=9781781592915 |page=19}}</ref> but given the pounding that Soviet forces had suffered, the force numbered only 90,000 men.<ref>Erickson, ''The Road to Stalingrad'', 1975, p. 218</ref> The [[16th Army (Soviet Union)|16th Army]] under [[Konstantin Rokossovsky]] held at [[Volokolamsk]], and General L. A. Govorov had the [[5th Army (Soviet Union)|5th Army]], recently raised from 1st Guards Rifle Corps, and soon to include the [[32nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|32nd Rifle Division]] at [[Mozhaisk]]. The [[43rd Army (Soviet Union)|43rd Army]] was under General K. D. Golubev at Maloyaroslavets, and the [[49th Army (Soviet Union)|49th Army]] was near Kaluga under General I. G. Zakharin. The 49th Army had been formed in August 1941 and was initially assigned to the Reserve Front. On 1 September 1941, the 49th Army comprised the 194th, 220th, and 248th Rifle Divisions, and the 4th Division of the [[Narodnoe Opolcheniye|People's Militia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tashv.nm.ru/BoevojSostavSA/1941/19410901.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226082342/www.tashv.nm.ru/BoevojSostavSA/1941/19410901.html|archive-date=2010-02-26|title=Боевой состав Советской Армии на 1 сентября 1941 г. (Eng. trans: The combat composition of the Soviet Army on September 1, 1941)|language=ru}}</ref> Meanwhile, the [[33rd Army (Soviet Union)|33rd Army]] was forming at [[Naro-Fominsk]] under General Lieutenant M. G. Yefremov, and was to be assigned to Zhukov's command.
The Soviets just managed to halt the German advance in the [[Battle of Moscow]], leading to further furious fighting in the [[Battles of Rzhev]] just to the west. In May 1942 the Front's air forces became the [[1st Air Army]].
===Later operations in World War II===
The Front appears to have controlled the three armies - the [[5th Army (Soviet Union)|5th Army]], [[33rd Army (Soviet Union)|33rd Army]], and [[10th Guards Army (Soviet Union)|10th Guards Army]] - which formed the assault force in the [[Battle of Smolensk (1943)]]. On 1 August 1943, the [[70th Rifle Corps]] was listed on the Soviet [[order of battle]], as a headquarters with no troops assigned, directly subordinate to the front.
On 24 April 1944, the Front was divided into the [[2nd Belorussian Front]] and [[3rd Belorussian Front]].
===Status today===
Russian ground troops continue the Soviet Army's organizational arrangement of having military districts that have both a wartime territorial administration role and the capability to generate formation headquarters (HQs) to command fronts. This was emphasized by reports of a Moscow Military District exercise in April 2001, when the district's units were to be divided into two groups, "one operating for the western front and the other for the wartime military district".<ref>AVN Military News Agency 16 April 2001, via BBC Monitoring Global Newsline FSU Political File 17 April 2001.</ref>
==Commanders==
* [[Army General (Soviet rank)|General of the Army]] [[Dmitry Pavlov (general)|Dmitri G. Pavlov]] (to 28 June 1941; executed)
* [[Andrey Yeryomenko]] (28 June – 2 July 1941)
* [[Semyon Timoshenko|Marshal Semyon K. Timoshenko]] (2 July – September, 1941)
* [[Ivan Konev|Lt. General Ivan S. Konev]] [promoted to Colonel General in September 1941] (September–October 1941; August 1942 – February 1943)
* [[Georgy Zhukov|General Georgy K. Zhukov]] (October 1941 – August 1942)
* [[Vasily Sokolovsky|Colonel General V. D. Sokolovsky]] [promoted to full General in August 1943] (February 1943 – April 1944)
==References==
{{reflist | 2}}
* {{cite book|first=David |last=Glantz |title=Barbarossa Derailed: The Battle For Smolensk |volume=1 |year=2010 |publisher=Helion & Company |isbn=978-1-906033-72-9}}
*Steven J. Main "The Belarusian Armed Forces: a Military-Political Analysis 1991-2003", G126, Conflict Studies Research Centre, October 2003, available via CSRC website
{{Fronts of the Red Army in World War II}}
[[Category:Soviet fronts|Western Front]]
| 1,211,424,679
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[{"title": "Western Front", "data": {"Active": "22 June 1941 \u2013 March, 1944", "Country": "Soviet Union", "Allegiance": "Soviet Red Army", "Role": "Organize strategic operations", "Size": "Frontal area", "Engagements": "Battle of Bia\u0142ystok\u2013Minsk, \u00b7 Battle of Smolensk (1941), \u00b7 Battle of Moscow, \u00b7 Rzhev-Sychyovka-Vyazma Front, \u00b7 Battle of Smolensk (1943)"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Notable \u00b7 commanders": "Dmitry Pavlov, \u00b7 Andrey Yeryomenko, \u00b7 Semyon Timoshenko, \u00b7 Ivan Konev, \u00b7 Georgy Zhukov, \u00b7 Vasily Sokolovsky"}}]
| false
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# The Dennisons
The Dennisons were an English Merseybeat band, that emerged from the Liverpool scene in the early 1960s. Despite their background, and a couple of minor hit singles, they failed to achieve more than a local following and were unable to find a footing on the British Invasion. However, in 1963, Bob Wooler stated that "The Dennisons have created the biggest impact in Liverpool since the Beatles." The band's drummer, Clive Hornby, later became the actor best known for portraying Jack Sugden in British soap opera Emmerdale.
## Career
The Dennisons were formed in July 1961, at Liverpool Collegiate, and took their name from a Liverpool street.
They were inspired by another early Merseybeat band The Ravens, who later became Faron's Flamingos. The Dennisons advanced from learning the Ravens' chord patterns, to building a local reputation at the BICC club in Melling, Liverpool. They signed with Kennedy Street Enterprises in 1963, which ensured that they appeared at The Cavern Club, sharing bills with other aspiring acts such as The Beatles. Their original bass guitarist, Alan Willis, was then replaced in December 1962 by Terry Carson (1946–1991).
Their debut single was "Be My Girl" (1963), written by group members Steve McLaren and Eddie Parry. "Be My Girl", released by Decca Records reached number 46 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1963. Offered the opportunity to record Lennon–McCartney's "All My Loving", they declined and lost the potential momentum to make a bigger impact on the burgeoning Merseybeat scene. Their next release was a cover version of Rufus Thomas' "Walking the Dog", with the B-side "You Don't Know What Love Is", written by Ben E. King. It was released in May 1964, and peaked at number 36 in the UK chart. The Dennisons final single release was "Nobody Like Me Baby", in November 1964.
Other tracks they recorded included "Little Latin Lupe Lu", "Devoted to You", "You Better Move On", "Lucy (You Sure Did It This Time)", "My Girl" and "Tutti Frutti". Their lead singer, Eddie Parry (1946–1995), left the group in March 1965. The Dennisons continued as a four piece before disbanding in 1967.
1n 1991, they reunited to perform at a memorial concert for Terry Carson. Former drummer Clive Hornby recorded a solo album, This Is Your Life in 1997, which included musical contributions from fellow former Dennisons, Steve McLaren (1946–2007) and Ray Scragg (born Raymond Arthur Scragg, 4 August 1946, Walton, Liverpool, Lancashire died 7 February 2001). Scragg's death from lung cancer in February 2001 ended all final attempts to relive former days.
## Members
- Clive Hornby – drums (1961–1967; died 2008)[16]
- Steve McLaren – lead guitar, backing vocals (1961–1967; died 2007)[4]
- Ray Scragg – rhythm guitar, lead vocals (1961–1967; died 2001)[15]
- Eddie Parry – lead vocals (1961–1965; died 1995)[17]
- Alan Willis – bass (1961–1962)[3]
- Terry "Tex" Carson – bass (1962–1967; died 1991)[18]
## Discography
### Singles
| Year | Title | UK Singles Chart |
| ---- | --------------------- | ---------------- |
| 1963 | "Be My Girl" | 46 |
| 1964 | "Walking the Dog" | 36 |
| 1964 | "Nobody Like My Babe" | - |
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{{Short description|English Merseybeat band}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = The Dennisons
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| alias =
| origin = [[Liverpool]], England
| genre = Pop, [[Beat music|beat]]
| years_active = 1961–1967<br><small>(reunion: 1991)</small>
| label = [[Decca Records|Decca]]
| associated_acts =
| website =
| past_members = [[Clive Hornby]]<br/>Steve McLaren<br/>Ray Scragg<br/>Eddie Parry<br/>Alan Willis<br/>Terry Carson
}}
'''The Dennisons''' were an English [[beat music|Merseybeat]] band, that emerged from the [[Liverpool]] scene in the early 1960s.<ref name="AMG"/> Despite their background, and a couple of minor [[hit single]]s, they failed to achieve more than a local following and were unable to find a footing on the [[British Invasion]]. However, in 1963, [[Bob Wooler]] stated that "The Dennisons have created the biggest impact in Liverpool since [[the Beatles]]."<ref name="Discogs">{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/artist/Dennisons%2C+The |title=Dennisons, The Discography at Discogs |publisher=discogs |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref> The band's drummer, [[Clive Hornby]], later became the actor best known for portraying [[Jack Sugden]] in [[British Empire|British]] soap opera ''[[Emmerdale]]''.
==Career==
The Dennisons were formed in July 1961,<ref name="Billharry">{{cite web|url=http://sixtiescity.net/Mbeat/mbfilms152.htm |title=Bill Harry's Sixties – articles from the creator of iconic 60s music paper ''Mersey Beat'' |publisher=Sixties City |accessdate=27 August 2014}}</ref> at Liverpool Collegiate, and took their name from a Liverpool street.<ref name="Beat">{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolbeat.com/rocknroll/2012/04/09/the-dennisons-story/ |title=The Dennisons Story |publisher=Liverpoolbeat.com |accessdate=7 April 2014}}</ref>
They were inspired by another early Merseybeat band The Ravens, who later became [[Faron's Flamingos]]. The Dennisons advanced from learning the Ravens' chord patterns, to building a local reputation at the [[British Insulated Callender's Cables|BICC]] [[nightclub|club]] in [[Melling, Merseyside|Melling]], Liverpool. They signed with Kennedy Street Enterprises in 1963, which ensured that they appeared at [[The Cavern Club]], sharing bills with other aspiring acts such as [[The Beatles]].<ref name="AMG"/> Their original bass guitarist, Alan Willis, was then replaced in December 1962 by Terry Carson (1946–1991).<ref name="Beat"/>
Their debut single was "Be My Girl" (1963), written by group members Steve McLaren and Eddie Parry.<ref name="AMG"/><ref name="discogs1">{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/viewimages?release=2121453 |title=Images for Dennisons, The – Be My Girl |publisher=discogs |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref> "Be My Girl", released by [[Decca Records]] reached number 46 in the [[UK Singles Chart]] in August 1963.<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book
| first= David
| last= Roberts
| year= 2006
| title= [[British Hit Singles & Albums]]
| edition= 19th
| publisher= Guinness World Records Limited
| location= London
| isbn= 1-904994-10-5
| page= 150}}</ref> Offered the opportunity to [[sound recording and reproduction|record]] [[Lennon–McCartney]]'s "[[All My Loving]]", they declined and lost the potential momentum to make a bigger impact on the burgeoning Merseybeat scene.<ref name="AMG"/> Their next release was a [[cover version]] of [[Rufus Thomas]]' "[[Walking the Dog]]", with the [[A-side and B-side|B-side]] "You Don't Know What Love Is", written by [[Ben E. King]].<ref name="discogs2">{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Dennisons-Walking-The-Dog/release/2695812 |title=Dennisons, The – Walking The Dog (Vinyl) at Discogs |date=1964 |publisher=discogs |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref> It was released in May 1964, and peaked at number 36 in the UK chart.<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums"/> The Dennisons final single release was "Nobody Like Me Baby", in November 1964.
Other tracks they recorded included "[[Little Latin Lupe Lu]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Dennisons-Be-My-Girl/release/2121453 |title=Dennisons, The – Be My Girl (Vinyl) at Discogs |date=1963 |publisher=discogs |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref> "[[Devoted to You (song)|Devoted to You]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Various-At-The-Cavern/release/4250386 |title=Various – At The Cavern (Vinyl, LP) at Discogs |date=1964 |publisher=discogs |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref> "[[You Better Move On (song)|You Better Move On]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Various-At-The-Cavern/master/511992 |title=Various – At The Cavern at Discogs |date=1964 |publisher=discogs |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref> "Lucy (You Sure Did It This Time)",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Various-Liverpool-1963-1964-Volume-Two/release/3853834 |title=Various – Liverpool 1963–1964 Volume Two (Vinyl, LP) at Discogs |date=1983 |publisher=discogs |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref> "[[My Girl (The Temptations song)|My Girl]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Various-Mersey-Sounds/release/3126128 |title=Various – Mersey Sounds (Vinyl, LP) at Discogs |date=1980 |publisher=discogs |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref> and "[[Tutti Frutti (song)|Tutti Frutti]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Various-Unearthed-Merseybeat-Vol1-From-The-Birth-Of-Merseybeat-To-Psychedelia-1957-1968/release/4088930 |title=Various – Unearthed Merseybeat Vol.1 – From The Birth of Merseybeat To Psychedelia 1957–1968 (CD) at Discogs |publisher=discogs |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref> Their lead singer, Eddie Parry (1946–1995), left the group in March 1965.<ref name="Beat"/> The Dennisons continued as a four piece before disbanding in 1967.<ref name="AMG"/>
1n 1991, they reunited to perform at a memorial concert for Terry Carson. Former drummer [[Clive Hornby]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolbeat.com/The-Dennisons.html |title=The Beatles were just one of over 300 bands in 1960 – The Dennisons |publisher=Liverpool Beat |accessdate=7 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531195458/http://www.liverpoolbeat.com/The-Dennisons.html |archivedate=31 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> recorded a solo album, ''This Is Your Life'' in 1997, which included musical contributions from fellow former Dennisons, Steve McLaren (1946–2007) and Ray Scragg (born Raymond Arthur Scragg, 4 August 1946, Walton, Liverpool, [[Lancashire]] died 7 February 2001). Scragg's death from lung cancer in February 2001 ended all final attempts to relive former days.<ref name="AMG">{{cite web|last=Harris |first=Craig |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-dennisons-mn0001003441 |title=The Dennisons – Music Biography, Credits and Discography |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Doc Rock">{{cite web|author=Doc Rock |url=http://thedeadrockstarsclub.com/2001.html |title=The Dead Rock Stars Club 2001 |publisher=Thedeadrockstarsclub.com |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref>
==Members==
*[[Clive Hornby]] – drums <small>(1961–1967; died 2008)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/Soaps/emmerdale/newsandgossip/CliveHornbyhasdied786/default.html|title=Clive Hornby has died|date=4 July 2008|publisher=ITV|accessdate=15 January 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627112514/http://www.itv.com/Soaps/emmerdale/newsandgossip/CliveHornbyhasdied786/default.html|archivedate=27 June 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*Steve McLaren – lead guitar, backing vocals <small>(1961–1967; died 2007)</small><ref name="Beat"/>
*Ray Scragg – rhythm guitar, lead vocals <small>(1961–1967; died 2001)</small><ref name="Doc Rock"/>
*Eddie Parry – lead vocals <small>(1961–1965; died 1995)</small><ref>{{cite web|author=Doc Rock |url=http://thedeadrockstarsclub.com/1995.html |title=The Dead Rock Stars Club 1994 – 1995 |publisher=Thedeadrockstarsclub.com |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref>
*Alan Willis – bass <small>(1961–1962)</small><ref name="Billharry"/>
*Terry "Tex" Carson – bass <small>(1962–1967; died 1991)</small><ref>{{cite web|author=Doc Rock |url=http://thedeadrockstarsclub.com/1990.html |title=The Dead Rock Stars Club 1990 – 1991 |publisher=Thedeadrockstarsclub.com |accessdate=7 February 2013}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of Decca Records artists]]
*[[List of bands and artists from Merseyside]]
==Discography==
===Singles===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!Year !!Title !![[UK Singles Chart]]<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums"/>
|-
!| 1963
| "Be My Girl"<ref name="discogs1"/> || align=center|46
|-
! rowspan=2| 1964
| "[[Walking the Dog]]"<ref name="discogs2"/> || align=center|36
|-
| "Nobody Like My Babe"<ref name="Beat"/> || align=center|-
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{discogs artist|artist=Dennisons, The}}
* {{Allmusic|http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-dennisons-mn0001003441}}
* [http://www.merseybeatnostalgia.co.uk/html/the_dennisons.html Fansite]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dennisons, The}}
[[Category:English pop music groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1961]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Liverpool]]
[[Category:Beat groups]]
[[Category:Decca Records artists]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in England]]
| 1,178,026,852
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[{"title": "The Dennisons", "data": {"Origin": "Liverpool, England", "Genres": "Pop, beat", "Years active": "1961\u20131967 \u00b7 (reunion: 1991)", "Labels": "Decca"}}]
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# Morgan Oey
Handi Morgan Winata, colloquially known as Morgan Oey (born 25 May 1990) is an Indonesian actor, model and singer of mixed Dayak and Chinese descent. He was a member of the pop group SM*SH from 2010 to 2013.
## Discography
### As SM*SH Member
- SM*SH (2011)
- Step Forward (2012)
### Solo albums
- TBA (TBA)
## Filmography
### Film
| Year | Title | Role |
| ---- | -------------------------------------------- | ----------------- |
| 2014 | Assalamualaikum Beijing | Zhong Wen |
| 2015 | Air Mata Surga (Heaven of Tears) | Hamzah |
| 2015 | Ngenest | Patrick |
| 2016 | Dreams | Rama |
| 2016 | Jilbab Traveler: Love Sparks in Korea | Hyun Geun |
| 2016 | Winter in Tokyo | Akira Kitano |
| 2016 | Melbourne Rewind | Max |
| 2017 | Mooncake Story | David |
| 2017 | Sweet 20 | Alan |
| 2018 | Arini | Nick |
| 2018 | Koki-Koki Cilik (Junior Chefs) | Chef Rama |
| 2018 | Belok Kanan Barcelona (Turn Right Barcelona) | Francis Lim |
| 2018 | Generasi Micin | Trisno Anggara |
| 2018 | The Night Comes for Us | Arian's Assistant |
| 2018 | Love is a Bird | Remi |
| 2019 | My Stupid Boss 2 | Nguyen |
| 2019 | Mahasiswi Baru (New Student) | Danny |
| 2019 | Eggnoid | Eggy |
| 2021 | Ibu | Morgan |
| 2021 | Terlambat Pergi | Derek |
| 2021 | Will | Morgan |
| 2021 | Tali Mati (Death Knot) | Mario |
| 2022 | Mertua Vs. Menantu | Menantu |
| 2022 | Srimulat: Hil yang Mustahal | Paul |
| 2022 | Teka Teki Tika | Andre |
| 2022 | Cek Toko Sebelah | Asui |
| 2023 | Puisi Cinta Yang Membunuh | Rendy |
| 2023 | Romeo Ingkar Janji | Romeo |
| 2023 | Sleep Call | Artist |
| 2023 | Because I Hate Korea | Morgan |
| 2025 | The Siege at Thorn High | Edwin |
### Television Drama
| Year | Title | Role |
| --------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| 2011 | Cinta Cenat Cenut (TV Series) | Morgan Rusdiantoro |
| 2011–2012 | Cinta Cenat Cenut 2 (TV Series) | Morgan Rusdiantoro |
| 2012 | Cinta Cenat Cenut 3 (TV Series) | Morgan Rusdiantoro |
| 2012 | Putih Abu-Abu (White and Grey) | Morgan Oey (special appearance) |
| 2013 | Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan: The Series (Sinetron) | Dokter Morgan |
| 2013 | My Lovely Brother (TVM) | Lorie |
| 2013 | Merpati Tak Pernah Ingkar Janji (TVM) | Guntur |
| 2014 | Kau Yang Berasal Dari Bintang (Sinetron) | Profesor Morgan |
| 2015 | Lagu Rindu untuk Airin (TVM) | Tristan |
| 2016 | Selamanya Cinta (Forever Love) (TVM) | Gio |
| 2017 | SWITCH (VIU) | Richard |
| 2019 | Cek Toko Sebelah Series 2 (HOOQ) | Asui |
### Music Video Appearances
| 2010 | Sepasang Hati | Salute Band | 2024 | Rahasia #1 | RAN | | 2024 | Rahasia #2 | |
## Awards and nominations
| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result |
| ---- | -------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ----------------------- | --------- |
| 2015 | 4th Maya Awards | Best New Actor | Assalamualaikum Beijing | Won |
| 2016 | 1st Indonesian Box Office Movie Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Air Mata Surga | Nominated |
| 2016 | 1st Indonesian Box Office Movie Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Ngenest | Nominated |
| 2017 | 30th Bandung Film Festival | Best Film Actor | MoonCake Story | Nominated |
| 2018 | 31st Bandung Film Festival | Best Film Supporting Actor | Koki-Koki Cilik | Won |
| 2019 | 13th Indonesian Movie Actors Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Koki-Koki Cilik | Nominated |
| 2019 | 13th Indonesian Movie Actors Awards | Favorite Supporting Actor | Koki-Koki Cilik | Won |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}{{family name hatnote|[[Huang (surname)|Winata (黃)]]||lang=Chinese Indonesian}}{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Morgan Oey
| image =Morgan Oey.JPG
| caption =
| birth_name = Handi Morgan Winata
| alias = Morgan Oey
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|5|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Singkawang]], [[West Kalimantan]], [[Indonesia]]
| genre = [[Pop music|Pop]] <br>[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]<br>[[Soul music|Soul]]
| occupation = [[Actor]]<br>[[Model (person)|Model]]<br>[[Singer]]
| years_active = 2010 - present
}}
'''Handi Morgan Winata,''' colloquially known as '''Morgan Oey''' (born 25 May 1990) is an Indonesian [[actor]], [[model (person)|model]] and [[singer]] of mixed [[Dayak people|Dayak]] and [[Chinese people|Chinese]] descent. He was a member of the pop group SM*SH from 2010 to 2013.
== Discography ==
=== As SM*SH Member ===
* SM*SH (2011)
* Step Forward (2012)
=== Solo albums ===
* TBA (TBA)
== Filmography ==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
|-
| 2014
| ''Assalamualaikum Beijing''
| Zhong Wen
|-
| rowspan="2"|2015
| ''Air Mata Surga'' (Heaven of Tears)
| Hamzah
|-
| ''Ngenest''
| Patrick
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2016
| ''Dreams''
| Rama
|-
| ''Jilbab Traveler: Love Sparks in Korea''
| Hyun Geun
|-
| ''[[Winter in Tokyo]]''
| Akira Kitano
|-
| ''Melbourne Rewind''
| Max
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2017
| ''Mooncake Story''
| David
|-
| ''[[Sweet 20]]''
| Alan<ref name="Gasella">{{cite news|last1=Gasella|first1=Shandy|title=Sweet 20: Versi Buat Ulang Miss Granny yang Layak Dirayakan!|url=https://hot.detik.com/new-release/3542502/sweet-20-versi-buat-ulang-miss-granny-yang-layak-dirayakan/219|accessdate=12 August 2017|work=[[Detik.com|detikHOT]]|date=26 June 2017|language=id}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6"|2018
| ''Arini''
| Nick
|-
| ''Koki-Koki Cilik'' (Junior Chefs)
| Chef Rama
|-
| ''Belok Kanan Barcelona'' (Turn Right Barcelona)
| Francis Lim
|-
| ''Generasi Micin''
| Trisno Anggara
|-
| ''[[The Night Comes for Us]]''
| Arian's Assistant
|-
| ''Love is a Bird''
| Remi
|-
| rowspan="3"|2019
| ''My Stupid Boss 2''
| Nguyen
|-
| ''Mahasiswi Baru'' (New Student)
| Danny
|-
| ''[[Eggnoid]]''
| Eggy
|-
| rowspan="4"|2021
| ''Ibu''
| Morgan
|-
| ''Terlambat Pergi''
| Derek
|-
| ''Will''
| Morgan
|-
| ''Tali Mati (Death Knot)''
| Mario
|-
| rowspan="4"|2022
| ''Mertua Vs. Menantu''
| Menantu
|-
| ''[[Srimulat: Hil yang Mustahal]]''
| Paul
|-
| ''Teka Teki Tika''
| Andre
|-
| ''Cek Toko Sebelah''
| Asui
|-
| rowspan="4"|2023
| ''Puisi Cinta Yang Membunuh''
| Rendy
|-
| ''Romeo Ingkar Janji''
| Romeo
|-
| ''[[Sleep Call]]''
| Artist
|-
| ''[[Because I Hate Korea]]''
| Morgan
|-
| 2025
| ''[[The Siege at Thorn High]]''
| Edwin
|}
=== Television Drama ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
|-
| 2011
| ''Cinta Cenat Cenut (TV Series)''
| Morgan Rusdiantoro
|-
| 2011–2012
| ''Cinta Cenat Cenut 2 (TV Series)''
| Morgan Rusdiantoro
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2012
| ''Cinta Cenat Cenut 3 (TV Series)''
| Morgan Rusdiantoro
|-
| ''Putih Abu-Abu (White and Grey)''
| Morgan Oey (special appearance)
|-
| rowspan="3"|2013
| ''Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan: The Series (Sinetron)''
| Dokter Morgan
|-
| ''My Lovely Brother (TVM)''
| Lorie
|-
| ''Merpati Tak Pernah Ingkar Janji (TVM)''
| Guntur
|-
| 2014
| ''Kau Yang Berasal Dari Bintang (Sinetron)''
| Profesor Morgan
|-
| 2015
| ''Lagu Rindu untuk Airin (TVM)''
| Tristan
|-
| 2016
| ''Selamanya Cinta (Forever Love) (TVM)''
| Gio
|-
| 2017
| '' SWITCH (VIU)''
| Richard
|-
| 2019
| ''Cek Toko Sebelah Series 2 (HOOQ)''
| Asui
|-
|}
=== Music Video Appearances ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !!Role
|-
| 2010 || ''Sepasang Hati'' || Salute Band
| 2024 || ''Rahasia #1'' || RAN ||
| 2024 || ''Rahasia #2'' || RAN |
|}
==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Nominated work
! Result
|-
| 2015
| {{center|[[4th Annual Maya Awards|4th]] [[Maya Awards (Indonesia)|Maya Awards]]}}
| Maya Award for Best New Actor|Best New Actor
| style="text-align:center;"|''Assalamualaikum Beijing''
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016
| rowspan="2"|{{center|1st Indonesian Box Office Movie Awards }}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:enter;"|Best Supporting Actor
| ''Air Mata Surga''
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''Ngenest''
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2017
| {{center|30th Bandung Film Festival}}
| Best Film Actor
| style="text-align:enter;"|''MoonCake Story''
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2018
| {{center|31st Bandung Film Festival}}
| Best Film Supporting Actor
| style="text-align:enter;"|''Koki-Koki Cilik''
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019
| rowspan="2"|{{center|13th [[Indonesian Movie Actor Awards|Indonesian Movie Actors Awards]]}}
| Best Supporting Actor
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:enter;"|''Koki-Koki Cilik''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Favorite Supporting Actor
| {{won}}
|-
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{Twitter}}
* {{Instagram|morganoey}}
* {{Facebook|themorganoey}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oey, Morgan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indonesian male singers]]
[[Category:Indonesian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indonesian pop singers]]
[[Category:Indonesian rhythm and blues singers]]
[[Category:Indonesian soul singers]]
[[Category:Indonesian people of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:People from Singkawang]]
| 1,288,143,655
|
[{"title": "Background information", "data": {"Birth name": "Handi Morgan Winata", "Also known as": "Morgan Oey", "Born": "25 May 1990 \u00b7 Singkawang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia", "Genres": "Pop \u00b7 R&B \u00b7 Soul", "Occupation(s)": "Actor \u00b7 Model \u00b7 Singer", "Years active": "2010 - present"}}]
| false
|
# Ao: The Last Hunter
Ao: The Last Hunter (French: Ao, le dernier Néandertal) is a 2010 French prehistoric paleoanthropological fiction film directed by Jacques Malaterre. It is loosely based on the first novel of the Marc Klapczynski trilogy Aô, l'homme ancien (2010).
## Plot
The film takes place approximately 30,000 years BP, and focuses on the period of co-existence between Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons, where the two populations shared some parts of the Eurasian landscape.
The film begins in Northern Siberia with two Neanderthals; Aō (Simon Paul Sutton) and Boorh (Craig Morris) delivering food to their clan after hunting herbivores (likely elk). Once they reach their cave, they realize that Ao's wife is in the midst of giving birth to their daughter, whom Ao names Néā. One day, a polar bear attacks and kills a man guarding their cave. Ao and Boorh go after it to avenge their fellow hunter. Ao successfully kills the bear, but Boorh is killed in the process. After returning from the hunt, Ao finds that his clan, including his wife and their young Néa, were massacred in their cave (for a reason which shall go unknown) by the anatomically modern humans that had arrived on the landscape. While Ao mourns for his family, a band of Cro-Magnon hunters attack him. Ao manages to overpower them, but decides to spare their lives and allow them to escape. As Ao continues to mourn, he plays his bone flute and reminisces about his childhood with his original clan near the ocean in Southern Iberia. With his clan dead, Ao decides to leave his outpost in the frigid, barren tundra in Siberia, to reunite with his brother Oā in the South where he was born. Throughout his journey, he sees visions of his twin brother playing a log drum.
During the course of his travel near Northern Europe, Ao falls into a dug pit covered in leaves while hunting a wild boar. He encounters a hunting party of Cro-Magnon hunters who help him out, but then Ao is knocked out cold by the head woman Unāk (Vesela Kazakova). Ao is held captive by the band of modern humans who participate in human sacrifices. They lock him inside a storage room filled with dead bodies from past sacrifices. He encounters a pregnant Homo Sapiens woman from a different tribe, named Āki (Aruna Shields). Aki and her husband Āka (Yavor Vesselinov) were stolen from their homeland. Aka is executed (or sacrificed) by the headman Agūk (Helmi Dridi) with the powerless Aki looking on, screaming for him. After witnessing Aka’s murder, Ao decides to escape with the help of a wasp's nest he found on a tree within his enemies' campsite. Covering himself with mud after breaking from his bonds, he knocks off the wasp's nest to let the angry swarm distract his enemies long enough for him to escape. Unbeknownst to him, Aki followed him quietly until he falls asleep in a cave. Ao wakes up after hearing strange sounds. Afraid that it might be his pursuers, he puts out his campfire and goes to investigate. He discovers Aki moaning and screaming in a secluded part of the cave as she is giving birth to her daughter Wāmā. Witnessing this, Ao believes that the newborn infant is the reincarnation of his deceased daughter, Néa. Both stay in the cave for a short while but remain distant from the other. As Aki observes Ao's interest in her daughter, not understanding why due to the language barrier, she grows wary of Ao. In the middle of the night, Ao takes Wama while Aki is sleeping. In the morning, The distressed Aki vows to take back her daughter and follows Ao’s trail to retrieve her stolen child. Ao does his best to care for the infant, but realizes he can’t keep a newborn alive without her mother to breastfeed Wama. Aki arrives at Ao’s resting place and hides behind a hill, waiting for the right time to attack Ao. Unbeknownst to both of them, Agūk, Unāk, and a handful of the tribe’s warriors are on both their trails. While Ao is resting with Wama, Aki runs towards him with her spear in order to kill him. Ao manages to evade her strike by rolling away. Aki then grabs her baby and bolts, but her path is blocked by Agūk and his men. As Ao fights off the warriors, Aki squares off with Unāk who knocks her out. Before she can kill Aki and the baby, Ao comes to her and Wama’s defense and knocks Unāk unconscious. Agūk sees this and takes Ao head on, fist to fist. The stronger Neanderthal man wins the fight and sends the defeated warriors retreating.
After defeating the marauding Cro-Magnon warriors, Ao continues his journey to his birthplace with a captive Aki. Realizing Wama needs her mother in order to stay alive, Ao allows Aki to feed her daughter, but he keeps the baby close to him at all times as to keep Aki from running off with the baby. He pushes Aki in front of him as they travel so he can keep an eye on her. Over time, Ao becomes very ill. As the pair trek through a swampy area, Ao has a coughing spell and nearly drowns in the water. Aki manages to grab Wama from Ao, but he holds onto her and bids her to dry land. As they make it to the shore, Ao is even sicker and too weak to stop Aki from fleeing with her child. She heads back into the water in the direction of her homeland, but then, out of pity for the gravely ill stranger, decides not to leave Ao to die, who is now collapsed on the ground. Aki carries the unconscious man to an abandoned campsite and begins to nurse Ao back to health. In the camp, she finds a spear thrower as well as other provisions she will need. Some time later, Ao awakes feeling better than ever thanks to Aki’s care and shows more respect towards the woman. On the same day. Aguk’s men catch up with them and chase the pair into a cave with multiple passages. Aki manages to kill one with her spear thrower and Ao manages to kill the rest in a narrow tunnel by stuffing the tiny exit with a burning piece of his polar bear pelt, thus suffocating the warriors who are unable to crawl back out. Aki guides Ao into a chamber decorated with cave drawings. Ao, who has never seen cave drawings before, mistakes a painting for a real rhinoceros, but Aki reassures him it’s just a painting. She teaches him how to make handprints by spitting yellow paint over her hand to creat a negative handprint and then dips his hand in red paint. She then places it on top of her painting. This painting lesson plants the seeds for their unconventional relationship to grow. Aki and Ao, over time, learn to understand each other as well as trust one another. Aki even teaches him how to use the spear thrower and allows him to bond with Wama, whom he still calls Nēa.
As they reach Central Europe, they come across a gigantic cavern filled with mammoth skeletons which are perfectly intact and are used as housings by another Cro-Magnon tribe. The mammoth bone housings are filled with human skulls; Neanderthal skulls. While Ao investigates the camp, Aki washes herself in a shallow pool, naked. Ao gets aroused by this and wants to mate with her, but she rejects him. Before anything can happen, an old Neanderthal man who was watching them knocks Ao out. The old man is clearly alone. He also appears to be losing his grip on sanity as he seems desperate for companionship. When Ao wakes up, the small tribe has come back with their recent hunt. The old man goes up to them in hopes to be welcomed in. He is rejected, however, due to his strange features and his odd behavior. Aki introduces herself to the leader and is welcomed into the tribe along with Wama. The people of the tribe then take offense to Ao’s presence and throw stones at him. Aki, feeling betrayed by Ao’s advances towards her, angrily throws his polar bear wrap at him and screams at him to leave and that Wama belongs to her. Realizing what he did to her was wrong and that Wama is not really Nēa, Ao slowly stumbles out of the cave in shame along with the old man who also throws stones at him during the night, above the tribe's cavern. Ao camps for the night. The old man hands Ao a Neanderthal skull and then laughs maniacally as he slips into the dark. Ao then sadly plays his bone flute to the vision of Oa playing his log drum. Back at the camp, Aki is almost taken advantage of by the tribe leader. She fights him off and storms out of the tent with her baby. She feels deep regret for sending Ao away and misses him. Ao, out of frustration and yearning for Aki, throws his polar bear wrap down a shaft which drops back down into the camp in front of Aki. Aki sadly rests on top of it to feel close to Ao. In the morning, Aki notices that the younger members of the tribe as well as the old man have taken Ao’s wrap and are reenacting the other day's events. She feels resentment towards the tribe and decides to chase after Ao. Ao, trying to catch a rabbit, is surprised by Aki’s return, but is still conflicted about her intentions. He tries to walk away from her, but Aki desperately runs after him while begging him not to go without her. She even places Wama in his arms in order to show she forgives him. The two then reconcile and continue their journey.
Ao and Aki make their way through a vast desert towards Southern Iberia, Ao’s homeland. Further into the trip, the pair come across a wild steppe horse herd. With the desert heat taking its toll on them, Aki and Ao take a rest to feed Wama, but Aki discovers she lost her milk due to dehydration. With no way to keep Wama alive, Aki slips into despair and Ao is wracked with fear for Aki and the baby. Out of desperation, Ao goes off to look for a way to save them and finds a mare with a nursing colt. Ao is able to coerce the animals to where Aki is. The two are able to feed Wama as well as themselves with the mare's milk. When they’ve had their fill, Ao thanks the mare and sends the animals off. As Aki and Ao watch the horses leave, it starts to rain. During the thunderstorm, the two make love in the rain and become a mated pair.
As they reach Southern Europe, Ao finally finds his birthplace. However, he soon learns that his twin brother Oa, along with his entire clan, have already been consumed by an illness that had entered their cave. Ao is, at least symbolically, the sole survivor of the Neanderthals. Ao is grief stricken and contemplates jumping from a cliff to his death. Aki, desperate to stop him, tells him that Nēa needs him. As he turns to go to her, a gust of wind pushes him over the side while Aki screams in despair; believing he has fallen to his death. Ao, however, has held on to edge and manages to pull himself back up. Ao rushes to Aki and Wama, and the couple happily embrace and kiss.
Four years later, ostracized by other tribes, Ao and Aki reach Southern Iberia to settle and raise their family in solitude, close to the last known signs of Neanderthal life on Earth. Ao is carrying the now four-year old child renamed Nēa on his shoulders towards the beach with Aki walking behind them, heavily pregnant with Ao's child, Nēa’s half-sibling. As the small family enjoy relaxing on the rocky beach, both Ao and Nėa rest their heads on Aki’s large belly, listening to the heartbeat of the unborn child.
## Filming
The movie was filmed on multiple locations in Europe; France (including Murat-le-Quaire, Calanque de Sugiton, Vercors, Camargue, and Font d'Urle), Bulgaria (notably the Prohodna Cave), and Ukraine.
## Cast
- Simon Paul Sutton as Ao, the main protagonist of the film. He is the chieftain of a small Neanderthal clan in Northern Siberia. After his clan was exterminated by early modern humans, Ao embarks on a journey to find his native tribe in southern Europe, and his twin brother Oa, from whom he was separated when he was eleven.[citation needed]
- Aruna Shields as Aki, the second protagonist who dominates the plot. She is a female Homo Sapiens who is captured by the same tribe of modern humans who imprisoned Ao. The film repeatedly depicts her as an independent female character.
- Helmi Dridi as Aguk, the main antagonist of the film. He is the headman of a tribe of early modern humans.
- Craig Morris as Boorh, Ao's friend and a member of his clan.
- Vesela Kazakova as Unak, Ao's wife.
- Yavor Vesselinov as Aka, Aki's husband.
- Sara Malaterre as the four year old Wama, the daughter of Aki and her late husband. She became Ao's stepdaughter after her mother and him decided to become a couple nearing the end of the film.
|
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enwiki
| 48,366,995
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Ao: The Last Hunter
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ao:_The_Last_Hunter
|
2024-11-06T00:43:16Z
|
en
|
Q773070
| 49,091
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{{more citations needed|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ao: The Last Hunter
| image = Ao- The Last Hunter.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| native_name = {{Infobox name module|fr|Ao, le dernier Néandertal}}
| director = [[Jacques Malaterre]]
| producer = Yves Marmion<br />Patrick Sandrin
| based_on = {{Based on|''Ao, l'homme ancien: L'Odyssée du dernier Neandertal''|Marc Klapczynski}}
| writer = Michel Fessler<br />Philippe Isard<br />Jacques Malaterre<br />Pierre Pelot
| starring = Simon Paul Sutton<br />[[Aruna Shields]]<br />Craig Morris<br />Vesela Kazakova<br />Sara Malaterre<br />Helmi Dridi<br />Ilian Ivanov<br />Yavor Vesselinov
| music = [[Armand Amar]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|09|29}}
| runtime = 84 minutes
| country = France
| language = [[Artistic language|Invented languages]]<br />French
| budget = $13.4 million
| gross = $1.7 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=11312|title = AO, le dernier Néandertal (2010) - JPBox-Office}}</ref>
}}
'''Ao: The Last Hunter''' ({{langx|fr|Ao, le dernier Néandertal}}) is a 2010 French [[prehistoric fiction|prehistoric paleoanthropological fiction]] film directed by [[Jacques Malaterre]]. It is loosely based on the first novel of the [[Marc Klapczynski]] trilogy ''Aô, l'homme ancien'' (2010).<ref name="sourcebook">Klapczynski, M. (2010). Ao, l'homme ancien: L'odyssée du dernier neandertal. Paris: Aubéron.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AO Le dernier Néandertal |url=http://www.ao-neandertal.fr/Le_Film.php |website=AO Le dernier Néandertal |accessdate=2019-09-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115051828/http://www.ao-neandertal.fr/Le_Film.php |archivedate=2010-11-15 }}</ref>
==Plot==
The film takes place approximately 30,000 years [[Before Present|BP]], and focuses on the period of co-existence between [[Neanderthals]] and [[Cro-Magnons]], where the two populations shared some parts of the Eurasian landscape.
The film begins in [[Siberia|Northern Siberia]] with two Neanderthals; ''Aō'' (Simon Paul Sutton) and ''Boorh'' (Craig Morris) delivering food to their clan after hunting herbivores (likely elk). Once they reach their cave, they realize that Ao's wife is in the midst of giving birth to their daughter, whom Ao names ''Néā''. One day, a polar bear attacks and kills a man guarding their cave. Ao and Boorh go after it to avenge their fellow hunter. Ao successfully kills the bear, but Boorh is killed in the process. After returning from the hunt, Ao finds that his clan, including his wife and their young Néa, were massacred in their cave (for a reason which shall go unknown) by the anatomically modern humans that had arrived on the landscape. While Ao mourns for his family, a band of Cro-Magnon hunters attack him. Ao manages to overpower them, but decides to spare their lives and allow them to escape. As Ao continues to mourn, he plays his bone flute and reminisces about his childhood with his original clan near the ocean in Southern Iberia. With his clan dead, Ao decides to leave his outpost in the frigid, barren tundra in Siberia, to reunite with his brother ''Oā'' in the South where he was born. Throughout his journey, he sees visions of his twin brother playing a log drum.
During the course of his travel near Northern Europe, Ao falls into a dug pit covered in leaves while hunting a wild boar. He encounters a hunting party of Cro-Magnon hunters who help him out, but then Ao is knocked out cold by the head woman ''Unāk'' (Vesela Kazakova). Ao is held captive by the band of modern humans who participate in human sacrifices. They lock him inside a storage room filled with dead bodies from past sacrifices. He encounters a pregnant Homo Sapiens woman from a different tribe, named ''Āki'' ([[Aruna Shields]]). Aki and her husband ''Āka <big>(</big>''Yavor Vesselinov) were stolen from their homeland. Aka is executed (or sacrificed) by the headman ''Agūk'' (Helmi Dridi) with the powerless Aki looking on, screaming for him. After witnessing Aka’s murder, Ao decides to escape with the help of a wasp's nest he found on a tree within his enemies' campsite. Covering himself with mud after breaking from his bonds, he knocks off the wasp's nest to let the angry swarm distract his enemies long enough for him to escape. Unbeknownst to him, Aki followed him quietly until he falls asleep in a cave. Ao wakes up after hearing strange sounds. Afraid that it might be his pursuers, he puts out his campfire and goes to investigate. He discovers Aki moaning and screaming in a secluded part of the cave as she is giving birth to her daughter ''Wāmā''. Witnessing this, Ao believes that the newborn infant is the reincarnation of his deceased daughter, Néa. Both stay in the cave for a short while but remain distant from the other. As Aki observes Ao's interest in her daughter, not understanding why due to the language barrier, she grows wary of Ao. In the middle of the night, Ao takes Wama while Aki is sleeping. In the morning, The distressed Aki vows to take back her daughter and follows Ao’s trail to retrieve her stolen child. Ao does his best to care for the infant, but realizes he can’t keep a newborn alive without her mother to breastfeed Wama. Aki arrives at Ao’s resting place and hides behind a hill, waiting for the right time to attack Ao. Unbeknownst to both of them, Agūk, Unāk, and a handful of the tribe’s warriors are on both their trails. While Ao is resting with Wama, Aki runs towards him with her spear in order to kill him. Ao manages to evade her strike by rolling away. Aki then grabs her baby and bolts, but her path is blocked by Agūk and his men. As Ao fights off the warriors, Aki squares off with Unāk who knocks her out. Before she can kill Aki and the baby, Ao comes to her and Wama’s defense and knocks Unāk unconscious. Agūk sees this and takes Ao head on, fist to fist. The stronger Neanderthal man wins the fight and sends the defeated warriors retreating.
After defeating the marauding Cro-Magnon warriors, Ao continues his journey to his birthplace with a captive Aki. Realizing Wama needs her mother in order to stay alive, Ao allows Aki to feed her daughter, but he keeps the baby close to him at all times as to keep Aki from running off with the baby. He pushes Aki in front of him as they travel so he can keep an eye on her. Over time, Ao becomes very ill. As the pair trek through a swampy area, Ao has a coughing spell and nearly drowns in the water. Aki manages to grab Wama from Ao, but he holds onto her and bids her to dry land. As they make it to the shore, Ao is even sicker and too weak to stop Aki from fleeing with her child. She heads back into the water in the direction of her homeland, but then, out of pity for the gravely ill stranger, decides not to leave Ao to die, who is now collapsed on the ground. Aki carries the unconscious man to an abandoned campsite and begins to nurse Ao back to health. In the camp, she finds a spear thrower as well as other provisions she will need. Some time later, Ao awakes feeling better than ever thanks to Aki’s care and shows more respect towards the woman. On the same day. Aguk’s men catch up with them and chase the pair into a cave with multiple passages. Aki manages to kill one with her spear thrower and Ao manages to kill the rest in a narrow tunnel by stuffing the tiny exit with a burning piece of his polar bear pelt, thus suffocating the warriors who are unable to crawl back out. Aki guides Ao into a chamber decorated with cave drawings. Ao, who has never seen cave drawings before, mistakes a painting for a real rhinoceros, but Aki reassures him it’s just a painting. She teaches him how to make handprints by spitting yellow paint over her hand to creat a negative handprint and then dips his hand in red paint. She then places it on top of her painting. This painting lesson plants the seeds for their unconventional relationship to grow. Aki and Ao, over time, learn to understand each other as well as trust one another. Aki even teaches him how to use the spear thrower and allows him to bond with Wama, whom he still calls Nēa.
As they reach Central Europe, they come across a gigantic cavern filled with mammoth skeletons which are perfectly intact and are used as housings by another Cro-Magnon tribe. The mammoth bone housings are filled with human skulls; Neanderthal skulls. While Ao investigates the camp, Aki washes herself in a shallow pool, naked. Ao gets aroused by this and wants to mate with her, but she rejects him. Before anything can happen, an old Neanderthal man who was watching them knocks Ao out. The old man is clearly alone. He also appears to be losing his grip on sanity as he seems desperate for companionship. When Ao wakes up, the small tribe has come back with their recent hunt. The old man goes up to them in hopes to be welcomed in. He is rejected, however, due to his strange features and his odd behavior. Aki introduces herself to the leader and is welcomed into the tribe along with Wama. The people of the tribe then take offense to Ao’s presence and throw stones at him. Aki, feeling betrayed by Ao’s advances towards her, angrily throws his polar bear wrap at him and screams at him to leave and that Wama belongs to her. Realizing what he did to her was wrong and that Wama is not really Nēa, Ao slowly stumbles out of the cave in shame along with the old man who also throws stones at him during the night, above the tribe's cavern. Ao camps for the night. The old man hands Ao a Neanderthal skull and then laughs maniacally as he slips into the dark. Ao then sadly plays his bone flute to the vision of Oa playing his log drum. Back at the camp, Aki is almost taken advantage of by the tribe leader. She fights him off and storms out of the tent with her baby. She feels deep regret for sending Ao away and misses him. Ao, out of frustration and yearning for Aki, throws his polar bear wrap down a shaft which drops back down into the camp in front of Aki. Aki sadly rests on top of it to feel close to Ao. In the morning, Aki notices that the younger members of the tribe as well as the old man have taken Ao’s wrap and are reenacting the other day's events. She feels resentment towards the tribe and decides to chase after Ao. Ao, trying to catch a rabbit, is surprised by Aki’s return, but is still conflicted about her intentions. He tries to walk away from her, but Aki desperately runs after him while begging him not to go without her. She even places Wama in his arms in order to show she forgives him. The two then reconcile and continue their journey.
Ao and Aki make their way through a vast desert towards Southern Iberia, Ao’s homeland. Further into the trip, the pair come across a wild steppe horse herd. With the desert heat taking its toll on them, Aki and Ao take a rest to feed Wama, but Aki discovers she lost her milk due to dehydration. With no way to keep Wama alive, Aki slips into despair and Ao is wracked with fear for Aki and the baby. Out of desperation, Ao goes off to look for a way to save them and finds a mare with a nursing colt. Ao is able to coerce the animals to where Aki is. The two are able to feed Wama as well as themselves with the mare's milk. When they’ve had their fill, Ao thanks the mare and sends the animals off. As Aki and Ao watch the horses leave, it starts to rain. During the thunderstorm, the two make love in the rain and become a mated pair.
As they reach Southern Europe, Ao finally finds his birthplace. However, he soon learns that his twin brother Oa, along with his entire clan, have already been consumed by an illness that had entered their cave. Ao is, at least symbolically, the sole survivor of the Neanderthals. Ao is grief stricken and contemplates jumping from a cliff to his death. Aki, desperate to stop him, tells him that ''Nēa'' needs him. As he turns to go to her, a gust of wind pushes him over the side while Aki screams in despair; believing he has fallen to his death. Ao, however, has held on to edge and manages to pull himself back up. Ao rushes to Aki and Wama, and the couple happily embrace and kiss.
Four years later, ostracized by other tribes, Ao and Aki reach [[Iberia|Southern Iberia]] to settle and raise their family in solitude, close to the last known signs of Neanderthal life on Earth. Ao is carrying the now four-year old child renamed Nēa on his shoulders towards the beach with Aki walking behind them, heavily pregnant with Ao's child, Nēa’s half-sibling. As the small family enjoy relaxing on the rocky beach, both Ao and Nėa rest their heads on Aki’s large belly, listening to the heartbeat of the unborn child.
==Filming==
The movie was filmed on multiple locations in Europe; France (including [[Murat-le-Quaire]], [[Calanque de Sugiton]], [[Vercors Massif|Vercors]], [[Camargue]], and Font d'Urle), Bulgaria (notably the [[Prohodna|Prohodna Cave]]), and [[Ukraine]].{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
==Cast==
* [[Simon Paul Sutton]] as Ao, the main protagonist of the film. He is the chieftain of a small Neanderthal clan in Northern Siberia. After his clan was exterminated by early modern humans, Ao embarks on a journey to find his native tribe in southern Europe, and his twin brother Oa, from whom he was separated when he was eleven.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}
* [[Aruna Shields]] as Aki, the second protagonist who dominates the plot. She is a female Homo Sapiens who is captured by the same tribe of modern humans who imprisoned Ao. The film repeatedly depicts her as an independent female character.
* Helmi Dridi as Aguk, the main antagonist of the film. He is the [[Village head|headman]] of a tribe of early modern humans.
* Craig Morris as Boorh, Ao's friend and a member of his clan.
* [[Vesela Kazakova]] as Unak, Ao's wife.
* Yavor Vesselinov as Aka, Aki's husband.
* Sara Malaterre as the four year old Wama, the daughter of Aki and her late husband. She became Ao's stepdaughter after her mother and him decided to become a couple nearing the end of the film.
==See also==
*[[Jacques Malaterre]]
==References==
{{Reflist|1}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.ugcdistribution.fr/ao/le-film/ Official site of the film ''AO, le dernier Néandertal'' by Jacques Malaterre]
* {{IMDb title|1526578}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:French historical adventure films]]
[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:Films set in prehistory]]
[[Category:French novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:Fiction about Neanderthals]]
[[Category:Films set in Siberia]]
[[Category:2010s French films]]
[[Category:Early European modern humans]]
[[Category:Films scored by Armand Amar]]
| 1,255,656,618
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[{"title": "Ao: The Last Hunter", "data": {"French": "Ao, le dernier N\u00e9andertal", "Directed by": "Jacques Malaterre", "Written by": "Michel Fessler \u00b7 Philippe Isard \u00b7 Jacques Malaterre \u00b7 Pierre Pelot", "Based on": "Ao, l'homme ancien: L'Odyss\u00e9e du dernier Neandertal \u00b7 by Marc Klapczynski", "Produced by": "Yves Marmion \u00b7 Patrick Sandrin", "Starring": "Simon Paul Sutton \u00b7 Aruna Shields \u00b7 Craig Morris \u00b7 Vesela Kazakova \u00b7 Sara Malaterre \u00b7 Helmi Dridi \u00b7 Ilian Ivanov \u00b7 Yavor Vesselinov", "Music by": "Armand Amar", "Release date": "- 29 September 2010", "Running time": "84 minutes", "Country": "France", "Languages": "Invented languages \u00b7 French", "Budget": "$13.4 million", "Box office": "$1.7 million"}}]
| false
|
# Precursor (religion)
In religion, a precursor, also known as forerunner, predecessor, harbinger or herald, is a holy person who announced the approaching appearance of a central figure of the religion or who identified a central figure of the religion during the latter's childhood.
## List of precursors
- Asita in Buddhism[2]
- John the Baptist in Christianity[3]
- Bahira or Sergius in Islam[4]
- Shaykh Ahmad, forerunner of Bábism (in the Bábí-Bahá'í view)[5]
- Sayyid Kazim Rashti, forerunner of Bábism (in the Bábí-Bahá'í view)[5]
- Báb, forerunner and herald of the Bahá'í Faith (in the Bahá'í view)[6]
|
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enwiki
| 42,638,557
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Precursor (religion)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precursor_(religion)
|
2025-07-06T23:12:20Z
|
en
|
Q17000994
| 31,916
|
{{short description|Holy person who announced the approaching appearance of a prophet}}
In religion, a '''precursor''', also known as '''forerunner''', '''predecessor''', '''harbinger''' or '''herald''', is a holy person who announced the approaching appearance of a central figure of the religion or who identified a central figure of the religion during the latter's childhood.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Momen|first = Moojan|authorlink= Moojan Momen|year = 2009|orig-date = Originally published as ''The Phenomenon of Religion'' in 1999
|title = Understanding Religion: A Thematic Approach|publisher = Oneworld Publications|place = Oxford, UK|isbn = 978-1-85168-599-8
|ol = 25434252M|pages=304–5}}</ref>
==List of precursors==
*[[Asita]] in Buddhism<ref>Kohn, Sherab Chodzin (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fFoDA8VRnvkC A Life of the Buddha]''. Shambhala Publications. {{ISBN|0834822512}}. pp. 5-6.</ref>
*[[John the Baptist]] in Christianity<ref name="marginal">{{cite book|last=Meier|first=John|author-link=John P. Meier|title=Mentor, Message, and Miracles (A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, Vol. 2)|publisher=Anchor Bible|year=1994|volume=2|isbn=0-385-46992-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mentormessagemir00john}}</ref>
*[[Bahira]] or Sergius in Islam<ref name="Bahira">Abel, A. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=p5U3AAAAIAAJ Baḥīrā]". ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]''. Brill. Brill Online, 2007</ref>
*[[Shaykh Ahmad]], forerunner of Bábism (in the Bábí-Bahá'í view)<ref name="smith-shaykhism">{{cite encyclopedia |last= Smith |first= Peter |authorlink= Peter Smith (historian) |encyclopedia= A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith |title= Shaykhism |year= 2000 |publisher= Oneworld Publications |location= Oxford |isbn= 1-85168-184-1 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/312 312] |url= https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/312 }}</ref>
*[[Sayyid Kazim Rashti]], forerunner of Bábism (in the Bábí-Bahá'í view)<ref name="smith-shaykhism" />
*[[Báb]], forerunner and herald of the Bahá'í Faith (in the Bahá'í view)<ref name="smith-bab">{{cite encyclopedia |last= Smith |first= Peter |authorlink= Peter Smith (historian) |encyclopedia= A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith |title= The Bahai View of the Bab |year= 2000 |publisher= Oneworld Publications |location= Oxford |isbn= 1-85168-184-1 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/58 58-59] |url= https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/58 }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of founders of religious traditions]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Precursors in religion}}
[[Category:Precursors in religion| ]]
| 1,299,175,283
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[]
| false
|
# Natjav Dariimaa
Natjav Dariimaa (born 19 May 1950) is a Mongolian archer who competed in archery for Mongolia in the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympic Games.
## Olympics
Dariimaa competed in the women's individual event and finished fourteenth with a total of 2341 points.
In Montreal she finished 22nd in the women's individual event with a total of 2209 points.
|
enwiki/62330705
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enwiki
| 62,330,705
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Natjav Dariimaa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natjav_Dariimaa
|
2024-12-27T00:31:38Z
|
en
|
Q74809018
| 26,513
|
{{Short description|Mongolian archer (born 1950)}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| nationality = {{MGL}}
| birth_date = 19 May 1950
| birth_place =
| height =
| weight =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| sport = [[Archery]]
| event = [[Recurve bow|recurve]]
| <!-- Medal record -->
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates =
| updated =
}}
'''Natjav Dariimaa''' (born 19 May 1950) is a Mongolian archer who competed in archery for [[Mongolia]] in the [[1972 Summer Olympics|1972]] and [[1976 Summer Olympic Games]].<ref>{{cite web |title=DARIMAA NATJAV |url=https://www.olympic.org/darimaa-natjav |website=www.olympic.org |accessdate=13 November 2019}}</ref>
== Olympics ==
Dariimaa competed in the [[Archery at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's individual|women's individual]] event and finished fourteenth with a total of 2341 points.
In [[Montreal]] she finished 22nd in the [[Archery at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Women's individual|women's individual]] event with a total of 2209 points.<ref>{{cite web |title=Natjavyn Dariimaa |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/na/natjavyn-dariimaa-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111809/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/na/natjavyn-dariimaa-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |website=www.sports-reference.com |accessdate=13 November 2019}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Sports links}}
* [https://worldarchery.org/athlete/18587/natjav-dariimaa Profile on worldarchery.org]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dariimaa, Natjav}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mongolian female archers]]
[[Category:Olympic archers for Mongolia]]
[[Category:Archers at the 1972 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Archers at the 1976 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:20th-century Mongolian sportswomen]]
{{Mongolia-archery-bio-stub}}
| 1,265,450,564
|
[{"title": "Natjav Dariimaa", "data": {"Nationality": "Mongolia", "Born": "19 May 1950"}}, {"title": "Sport", "data": {"Sport": "Archery", "Event": "recurve"}}]
| false
|
# Murtoa railway station
Murtoa was a disused railway station on the Serviceton railway line. The station is no longer used as a passenger stop; it is however still an important location for Pacific National as it is where the Hopetoun line junctioned off the main line.
The station is now one of three attractions that make up the Murtoa Museum Precinct, along with the Water Tower Museum and Concordia Cottage.
The station has been brought back to its former glory and is still occasionally used by specialist train trips as a stop.
Inside is a range of memorabilia from its working days and a large model of the station and surrounds at their peak.
The pedestrian bridge over the line was rescued by local residents and is now a feature at nearby Rabl Park.
Much of the station was extensively altered in the 1980s, following the introduction of CTC between Ararat and Serviceton. The signal box was abolished, the number of roads in the yard was reduced and the local signal panel was only switched in if needed, with the former staff depot closing by the end of 1988. Also during 1988, the former turntable was moved to Dimboola.
The station used to have a dock platform for the Hopetoun branch. People in Murtoa have called on The Overland, the interstate rail journey that runs from Adelaide to Melbourne, to make Murtoa an additional stop for the train service.
|
enwiki/22307454
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enwiki
| 22,307,454
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Murtoa railway station
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtoa_railway_station
|
2024-09-13T23:16:58Z
|
en
|
Q6939749
| 45,653
|
{{Short description|Former railway station in Victoria, Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Murtoa
| type =
| style = Australian closed station
| image = Murtoa Railway Station.JPG
| image_caption = Station entrance, February 2018
| address =
| country =
| coordinates = {{Coord|36|36|53|S|142|28|14|E|type:railwaystation_region:AU-VIC|display=inline,title}}
| line = [[Western standard gauge line|Western SG]]<br/> Hopetoun
| other =
| structure =
| platform = 1
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 4
| parking =
| bicycle =
| opened = 1878
| closed = 1993
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible =
| code =
| owned = [[VicTrack]]
| operator =
| zone =
| status = '''Closed'''
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services =
{{s-rail|title=Disused}}
{{rail line|col={{rcr|Australian closed station}}
| route=[[Western standard gauge line|Western SG]] line
| previous={{rws|Stawell}}| next=[[Horsham railway station, Victoria|Horsham]]
}}
{{rail line|col={{rcr|Australian closed station}}
| route=Hopetoun line
| previous=Junction| next={{rws|Minyip}}
}}
{{s-note|text=[[List of closed railway stations in Victoria]]}}
| map_locator =
| Melway =
| web =
}}
'''Murtoa''' was a disused railway station on the [[Serviceton railway line]]. The station is no longer used as a passenger stop; it is however still an important location for [[Pacific National]] as it is where the [[Hopetoun railway line|Hopetoun line]] junctioned off the main line.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-11|title=Plan to restore railway station|url=https://www.murtoa.net/2014/08/plan-to-restore-railway-station|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Murtoa Progress Association|language=en}}</ref>
The station is now one of three attractions that make up the Murtoa Museum Precinct, along with the Water Tower Museum and Concordia Cottage.
The station has been brought back to its former glory and is still occasionally used by specialist train trips as a stop.
Inside is a range of memorabilia from its working days and a large model of the station and surrounds at their peak.
The pedestrian bridge over the line was rescued by local residents and is now a feature at nearby Rabl Park.
Much of the station was extensively altered in the 1980s, following the introduction of [[Centralized traffic control|CTC]] between [[Ararat railway station|Ararat]] and [[Serviceton railway station|Serviceton]]. The signal box was abolished, the number of roads in the yard was reduced and the local signal panel was only switched in if needed,<ref>{{cite magazine|date=April 1980|title=Works|magazine=Newsrail|publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society|page=76}}</ref> with the former staff depot closing by the end of 1988.<ref name="newsrail">{{cite magazine|date=October 1988|title=Works|magazine=Newsrail|publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society|page=314}}</ref> Also during 1988, the former [[Railway turntable|turntable]] was moved to [[Dimboola railway station|Dimboola]].<ref name="newsrail"/>
The station used to have a dock platform for the Hopetoun branch. People in [[Murtoa, Victoria|Murtoa]] have called on ''[[The Overland]]'', the interstate rail journey that runs from [[Adelaide]] to [[Melbourne]], to make Murtoa an additional stop for the train service.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} {{By whom|date=July 2022}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Cite web|title=Murtoa|url=https://www.railgeelong.com/gallery/western-line/murtoa/|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Rail Geelong|language=en}}
*{{Citation|last=Ian|title=Disused Rail Station, Murtoa, Victoria. Entrance from street.|date=2012-07-10|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/57437622@N04/7649127862/|access-date=2021-08-22}}
*{{Cite web|title=Murtoa Railway Station, c1909 |url=https://www.victorianplaces.com.au/node/65973|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Victorian Places}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Murtoa Railway Station, Victoria}}
[[Category:Disused railway stations in Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Australia opened in 1878]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Australia closed in 1993]]
{{VictoriaAU-railstation-stub}}
| 1,245,598,079
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[{"title": "General information", "data": {"Coordinates": "36\u00b036\u203253\u2033S 142\u00b028\u203214\u2033E\ufeff / \ufeff36.61472\u00b0S 142.47056\u00b0E", "Owned by": "VicTrack", "Line(s)": "Western SG \u00b7 Hopetoun", "Platforms": "1", "Tracks": "4"}}, {"title": "Other information", "data": {"Status": "Closed"}}, {"title": "History", "data": {"Opened": "1878", "Closed": "1993"}}, {"title": "Services", "data": {"Preceding station": "Disused railways \u00b7 Following station", "Stawell": "Western SG line \u00b7 Horsham", "Junction": "Hopetoun line \u00b7 Minyip"}}]
| false
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# Henk Vonhoff
Hendrik "Henk" Johan Lubert Vonhoff (22 June 1931 – 25 July 2010) was a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and teacher.
## Biography
Vonhoff attended the State Civic School of Amsterdam in Amsterdam from April 1950 until May 1957 majoring in Education obtaining a Bachelor of Education degree. Vonhoff worked as a history teacher in Amsterdam from June 1957 until February 1967 and as a political consultant for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy from January 1952 until February 1967 and as a political pundit for De Telegraaf and Elsevier from March 1959 until February 1967.
Vonhoff was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1967, taking office on 23 February 1967 serving as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Education, Social Work, Military Personnel and deputy spokesperson for Culture, Media and Kingdom Relations. After the election of 1971 Vonhoff was appointed as State Secretary for Culture, Recreation and Social Work in the Cabinet Biesheuvel I, taking office on 28 July 1971. The Cabinet Biesheuvel I fell just one year later on 19 July 1972 after the Democratic Socialists '70 (DS'70) retracted their support following there dissatisfaction with the proposed budget memorandum to further reduce the deficit and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the first cabinet formation of 1972 when it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Biesheuvel II with Vonhoff continuing as State Secretary for Culture, Recreation and Social Work, taking office on 9 August 1972. After the election of 1972 Westerterp returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 23 January 1973 but he was still serving in the cabinet and because of dualism customs in the constitutional convention of Dutch politics he couldn't serve a dual mandate he subsequently resigned as State Secretary for Culture, Recreation and Social Work on 23 April 1973 and he continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a frontbencher chairing the parliamentary committee for Education and Sciences and spokesperson for Education, Social Work and Culture.
In August 1974 Vonhoff was nominated as Mayor of Utrecht, he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives the same day he was installed as Mayor, taking office on 6 September 1974. In November 1980 he was nominated as Queen's Commissioner of Groningen, he resigned as Mayor the same day he was installed as Queen's Commissioner, serving from 16 December 1980 until 1 July 1996. Vonhoff also became active in the private sector and public sector and occupied numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards (Groninger Museum, University Medical Center Groningen, Radio Netherlands Worldwide, Noordelijk Scheepvaartmuseum and the Royal Library) and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government (Advisory Council for Spatial Planning, Raad voor Cultuur, Cadastre Agency, Hoge Veluwe National Park, Natuurbeschermingsraad, Institute for Sound and Vision and the Public Pension Funds PFZW) and worked as a trade association executive for the Beer and Mineral Water Manufacturers association (BBM) serving as chairman of the executive board from February 1977 until May 1992 and for the Techniek Nederland (MKB) serving as chairman of the executive board from August 1982 until October 1996 and as a sport administrator for the National Olympic Committee (NOC) serving as President of the Dutch Olympic Committee from 21 May 1985 until 27 January 1989. After the election of 1986 Vonhoff was approached as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Lubbers II but per his own request asked not to be considered for a cabinet post in the new cabinet.
Vonhoff was known for his abilities as a debater and consensus builder. Vonhoff continued to comment on political affairs until his is death at the age of 79 and holds the distinction as the longest-serving Queen's Commissioner of Groningen after World War II with 15 years, 198 days.
## Decorations
| Ribbon bar | Honour | Country | Date | Comment |
| ---------- | ------------------------------------------- | ----------- | ---------------- | ------- |
| | Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion | Netherlands | 8 June 1973 | |
| | Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau | Netherlands | 29 April 1987 | |
| | Commander of the Order of the Crown | Belgium | 12 December 1988 | |
| | Officer of the Order of the Oak Crown | Luxembourg | 14 October 1992 | |
| Ribbon bar | Awards | Organization | Date | Comment |
| ---------- | --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ----------- | ------- |
| | Honorary Member | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy | 15 May 1998 | |
|
enwiki/23690160
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enwiki
| 23,690,160
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Henk Vonhoff
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henk_Vonhoff
|
2025-07-06T16:46:56Z
|
en
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Q470866
| 111,146
|
{{Short description|Dutch politician (1931–2010)}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
|name = Henk Vonhoff
|image = Henk Vonhoff 1971 (1).jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|caption = Henk Vonhoff in 1971
|office = [[NOC*NSF|President of the Dutch <br/> Olympic Committee]]
|term_start = 21 May 1985
|term_end = 27 January 1989
|predecessor = Jaap van der Krol
|successor = Wouter Huibregtsen
|office1 = [[King's commissioner|Queen's Commissioner]] of [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]]
|term_start1 = 16 December 1980
|term_end1 = 1 July 1996
|monarch1 = [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]]
|predecessor1 = [[Edzo Toxopeus]]
|successor1 = [[Hans Alders]]
|office2 = [[List of mayors of Utrecht|Mayor of Utrecht]]
|term_start2 = 6 September 1974
|term_end2 = 16 December 1980
|predecessor2 = [[Henk Zeevalking]] <small>(''Acting'')</small>
|successor2 = James van Lidth <br/> de Jeude <small>(''Ad interim'')</small>
|office3 = [[List of Ministers of Education of the Netherlands#List of State Secretaries for Social Work|State Secretary for Culture, <br/> Recreation and Social Work]]
|term_start3 = 28 July 1971
|term_end3 = 23 April 1973
|alongside3 = [[Fia van Veenendaal-van Meggelen|Fia van Veenendaal- <br/> van Meggelen]] <small>(1971–1972)</small>
|primeminister3 = [[Barend Biesheuvel]]
|predecessor3 = [[Hein van de Poel]]
|successor3 = [[Wim Meijer (Labour Party)|Wim Meijer]]
|office4 = [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]]
|term_start4 = 23 January 1973
|term_end4 = 6 September 1974
|term_start5 = 23 February 1967
|term_end5 = 28 July 1971
|parliamentarygroup5= [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|People's Party for <br/> Freedom and Democracy]]
|birthname = Hendrik Johan Lubert Vonhoff
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1931|06|22}}
|birth_place = [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2010|07|25|1931|06|22}}
|death_place = [[Hilversum]], Netherlands
|nationality = Dutch
|party = [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|People's Party for <br/> Freedom and Democracy]] <br/> <small>(from 1948)</small>
|otherparty = [[Freedom Party (Netherlands)|Freedom Party]] <small>(1946–1948)</small>
|spouse = {{marriage|{{ill|Louise Vonhoff-Luijendijk|nl}}|4 April 1953}}
|children = 2 daughter and 1 son
|relatives = [[Theo van Gogh (film director)|Theo van Gogh]] (nephew)
|residence =
|alma_mater = [[Hogeschool van Amsterdam|State Civic School of Amsterdam]] <br/> <small>([[Bachelor of Education]])</small>
|occupation = [[Politician]] · [[Civil service|Civil servant]] · [[Historian]] · [[Teacher]] · [[Businessperson|Businessman]] · [[Board of directors|Corporate director]] · [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit director]] · [[Trade association|Trade association executive]] · [[Sport management|Sport administrator]] · [[Lobbying|Lobbyist]] · [[Author]] · [[Professor]]
|signature =
}}
'''Hendrik''' "'''Henk'''" '''Johan Lubert Vonhoff''' (22 June 1931 – 25 July 2010) was a Dutch politician of the [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]] (VVD) and teacher.
== Biography ==
Vonhoff attended the [[Hogeschool van Amsterdam|State Civic School of Amsterdam]] in [[Amsterdam]] from April 1950 until May 1957 [[Major (academic)|majoring]] in [[Education]] obtaining a [[Bachelor of Education]] degree. Vonhoff worked as a history teacher in Amsterdam from June 1957 until February 1967 and as a political consultant for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy from January 1952 until February 1967 and as a political pundit for ''[[De Telegraaf]]'' and ''[[Elsevier (magazine)|Elsevier]]'' from March 1959 until February 1967.
Vonhoff was elected as a [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]] after the [[1967 Dutch general election|election of 1967]], taking office on 23 February 1967 serving as a [[frontbencher]] and [[spokesperson]] for [[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)|Education]], [[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)|Social Work]], [[Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)|Military Personnel]] and deputy spokesperson for [[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)|Culture]], [[List of newspapers in the Netherlands|Media]] and [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Kingdom Relations]]. After the [[1971 Dutch general election|election of 1971]] Vonhoff was appointed as [[List of Ministers of Education of the Netherlands#List of State Secretaries for Social Work|State Secretary for Culture, Recreation and Social Work]] in the [[First Biesheuvel cabinet|Cabinet Biesheuvel I]], taking office on 28 July 1971. The Cabinet Biesheuvel I fell just one year later on 19 July 1972 after the [[Democratic Socialists '70]] (DS'70) retracted their support following there dissatisfaction with the proposed [[Budget Memorandum (Netherlands)|budget memorandum]] to further [[Government budget balance|reduce the deficit]] and continued to serve in a [[Demissionary cabinet|demissionary]] capacity until the [[1972 Dutch cabinet formation|first cabinet formation of 1972]] when it was replaced by the [[caretaker government|caretaker]] [[Second Biesheuvel cabinet|Cabinet Biesheuvel II]] with Vonhoff continuing as State Secretary for Culture, Recreation and Social Work, taking office on 9 August 1972. After the [[1972 Dutch general election|election of 1972]] Westerterp returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 23 January 1973 but he was still serving in the cabinet and because of [[Dualism (politics)|dualism]] customs in the [[Constitutional convention (political custom)|constitutional convention]] of Dutch politics he couldn't serve a [[dual mandate]] he subsequently resigned as State Secretary for Culture, Recreation and Social Work on 23 April 1973 and he continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a frontbencher chairing the parliamentary committee for Education and Sciences and spokesperson for Education, Social Work and Culture.
In August 1974 Vonhoff was nominated as [[List of mayors of Utrecht|Mayor of Utrecht]], he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives the same day he was installed as Mayor, taking office on 6 September 1974. In November 1980 he was nominated as [[King's commissioner|Queen's Commissioner]] of [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]], he resigned as Mayor the same day he was installed as Queen's Commissioner, serving from 16 December 1980 until 1 July 1996. Vonhoff also became active in the [[private sector]] and [[public sector]] and occupied numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards ([[Groninger Museum]], [[University Medical Center Groningen]], [[Radio Netherlands Worldwide]], [[Noordelijk Scheepvaartmuseum]] and the [[Royal Library of the Netherlands|Royal Library]]) and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government ([[Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)|Advisory Council for Spatial Planning]], [[Raad voor Cultuur]], [[Cadastre Agency]], [[Hoge Veluwe National Park]], [[Natuurbeschermingsraad]], [[Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision|Institute for Sound and Vision]] and the [[Stichting Pensioenfonds Zorg en Welzijn|Public Pension Funds PFZW]]) and worked as a trade association executive for the [[Beer and Mineral Water Manufacturers association]] (BBM) serving as chairman of the executive board from February 1977 until May 1992 and for the [[Techniek Nederland]] (MKB) serving as chairman of the executive board from August 1982 until October 1996 and as a sport administrator for the [[National Olympic Committee]] (NOC) serving as [[NOC*NSF|President of the Dutch Olympic Committee]] from 21 May 1985 until 27 January 1989. After the [[1986 Dutch general election|election of 1986]] Vonhoff was approached as [[List of Ministers of Defence of the Netherlands|Minister of Defence]] in the [[Second Lubbers cabinet|Cabinet Lubbers II]] but per his own request asked not to be considered for a cabinet post in the new [[Second Lubbers cabinet|cabinet]].
Vonhoff was known for his abilities as a [[debate]]r and [[Consensus decision-making|consensus builder]]. Vonhoff continued to comment on political affairs until his is death at the age of 79 and holds the distinction as the longest-serving Queen's Commissioner of Groningen after [[World War II]] with {{Age in years and days|1980|12|16|1996|07|01}}.
==Decorations==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
|+ Honours
|-
! style="width:80px;"| Ribbon bar !! Honour !! Country !! Date !! Comment
|-
| [[File:Order of the Netherlands Lion ribbon - Knight.svg|80px]]
| [[Order (distinction)|Knight]] of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
| Netherlands
| 8 June 1973
|
|-
| [[File:Order of Orange-Nassau ribbon - Commander.svg|80px]]
| [[Order (distinction)|Commander]] of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]]
| Netherlands
| 29 April 1987
|
|-
| [[File:BEL Kroonorde Commandeur BAR.svg|80px]]
| [[Order (distinction)|Commander]] of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]
| [[Belgium]]
| 12 December 1988
|
|-
| [[File:Ordre de la couronne de Chene Officier ribbon.svg|80px]]
| [[Order (distinction)|Officer]] of the [[Order of the Oak Crown]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| 14 October 1992
|
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;"
|+ Awards
|-
! style="width:80px;"| Ribbon bar !! Awards !! Organization !! Date !! Comment
|-
| [[File:VVD logo (2009–2020).svg|50px]]
| Honorary Member
| [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|People's Party for <br/> Freedom and Democracy]]
| 15 May 1998
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{in lang|nl}} [https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llc6der5/h_j_l_henk_vonhoff H.J.L. (Henk) Vonhoff] Parlement & Politiek
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hein van de Poel]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Ministers of Education of the Netherlands#List of State Secretaries for Social Work|State Secretary for Culture, <br/> Recreation and Social Work]]|years=1971–1973|alongside= <br/> [[Fia van Veenendaal-van Meggelen|Fia van Veenendaal- <br/> van Meggelen]] <small>(1971–1972)</small>}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wim Meijer (Labour Party)|Wim Meijer]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Henk Zeevalking]] <br/> <small>''Acting''</small>}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of mayors of Utrecht|Mayor of Utrecht]]|years=1974–1980}}
{{s-aft|after=James van Lidth <br/> de Jeude <br/> <small>''Ad interim''</small>}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Edzo Toxopeus]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[King's commissioner|Queen's Commissioner]] of <br/> [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]]|years=1980–1996}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Hans Alders]]}}
{{s-sports}}
{{s-bef|before=Jaap van der Krol}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[NOC*NSF|President of the Dutch <br/> Olympic Committee]]|years=1985–1989}}
{{s-aft|after=Wouter Huibregtsen}}
{{s-end}}
{{King's and Queen's Commissioners of Groningen}}
{{State Secretaries for Social Work of the Netherlands}}
{{Second Biesheuvel cabinet}}
{{First Biesheuvel cabinet}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vonhoff, Henk}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:Dutch corporate directors]]
[[Category:Dutch nonprofit directors]]
[[Category:Dutch nonprofit executives]]
[[Category:Dutch sports executives and administrators]]
[[Category:Dutch trade association executives]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Erasmus University Rotterdam]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
[[Category:King's and Queen's commissioners of Groningen]]
[[Category:Mayors of Utrecht]]
[[Category:Politicians from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:People from Hilversum]]
[[Category:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians]]
[[Category:State secretaries for social work of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Writers from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch civil servants]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch civil servants]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch historians]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch male writers]]
[[Category:Dutch MPs 1967–1971]]
| 1,299,110,896
|
[{"title": "President of the Dutch \u00b7 Olympic Committee", "data": {"President of the Dutch \u00b7 Olympic Committee": "In office \u00b7 21 May 1985 \u2013 27 January 1989", "Preceded by": "Jaap van der Krol", "Succeeded by": "Wouter Huibregtsen"}}, {"title": "Queen's Commissioner of Groningen", "data": {"Queen's Commissioner of Groningen": "In office \u00b7 16 December 1980 \u2013 1 July 1996", "Monarch": "Beatrix", "Preceded by": "Edzo Toxopeus", "Succeeded by": "Hans Alders"}}, {"title": "Mayor of Utrecht", "data": {"Mayor of Utrecht": "In office \u00b7 6 September 1974 \u2013 16 December 1980", "Preceded by": "Henk Zeevalking (Acting)", "Succeeded by": "James van Lidth \u00b7 de Jeude (Ad interim)"}}, {"title": "State Secretary for Culture, \u00b7 Recreation and Social Work", "data": {"State Secretary for Culture, \u00b7 Recreation and Social Work": "In office \u00b7 28 July 1971 \u2013 23 April 1973Serving with Fia van Veenendaal- \u00b7 van Meggelen (1971\u20131972)", "Prime Minister": "Barend Biesheuvel", "Preceded by": "Hein van de Poel", "Succeeded by": "Wim Meijer"}}, {"title": "Member of the House of Representatives", "data": {"Member of the House of Representatives": ["In office \u00b7 23 January 1973 \u2013 6 September 1974", "In office \u00b7 23 February 1967 \u2013 28 July 1971"], "Parliamentary group": "People's Party for \u00b7 Freedom and Democracy"}}, {"title": "Personal details", "data": {"Born": "Hendrik Johan Lubert Vonhoff \u00b7 22 June 1931 \u00b7 Amsterdam, Netherlands", "Died": "25 July 2010 (aged 79) \u00b7 Hilversum, Netherlands", "Political party": "People's Party for \u00b7 Freedom and Democracy \u00b7 (from 1948)", "Other political \u00b7 affiliations": "Freedom Party (1946\u20131948)", "Spouse": "Louise Vonhoff-Luijendijk \u200b (m. 1953)\u200b", "Children": "2 daughter and 1 son", "Relatives": "Theo van Gogh (nephew)", "Alma mater": "State Civic School of Amsterdam \u00b7 (Bachelor of Education)", "Occupation": "Politician \u00b7 Civil servant \u00b7 Historian \u00b7 Teacher \u00b7 Businessman \u00b7 Corporate director \u00b7 Nonprofit director \u00b7 Trade association executive \u00b7 Sport administrator \u00b7 Lobbyist \u00b7 Author \u00b7 Professor"}}]
| false
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# Kiping
Kiping is a traditional Filipino leaf-shaped wafer made from glutinous rice. It originates from the city of Lucban, Quezon. It is celebrated annually in the Pahiyas Festival. It can be eaten grilled or fried and can be dipped in sugar, vinegar, or other sauces.
## Etymology
The name kiping is an alternate form of kinipi, meaning "pressed", from the verb kipi, "to press dough to squeeze out the water".
## Description
Kiping is characteristically leaf-shaped. It is made with molds made from real leaves of various plants that are non-toxic and do not have unusual tastes. The most commonly used are leaves from the kabal tree, Fagraea racemosa. Other plants used include coffee, talisay (Terminalia catappa), cacao, antipolo (Artocarpus blancoi), and saba banana.
The rice paste is made from glutinous rice (usually older harvests) that have been soaked for a few hours before being ground into a paste. It is mixed with water, a little bit of coarse salt, and various food dyes. The paste is then spread on the chosen leaf molds and steamed for around half an hour. After steaming, the leaves are then air-dried in shade and peeled off. They are piled on top of each other and weighted down for half a day. They are then separated and dried again, then again compressed under a weight for another half day. They are traditionally hung on strings for storage. There is a traditional superstition that in order to prevent the kiping from cracking, silence must be observed during the entire preparation.
Kiping is usually eaten grilled or fried. It can be dipped in sugar or vinegar or other kinds of dips. Kiping can also be used as decorations, especially during the Pahiyas Festival, where bundles of kiping are shaped into colorful chandeliers (called arangya), giant flowers, and other ornaments. These are used to decorate individual houses which are then judged by festival organizers.
## Similar dishes
Kiping is also another name for kabkab, a similar cassava-based wafer from other parts of the country.
|
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enwiki
| 60,333,371
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Kiping
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiping
|
2024-12-21T02:36:04Z
|
en
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Q65086205
| 161,109
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{{Short description|Filipino wafer made from glutinous rice}}
{{About|the rice wafer|the cassava-based wafer|Kabkab}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name = Kiping
| image = Grampa Beside Kiping Lantern.jpg
| image_size = 240px
| caption = An ''arangya'', a lantern made from kiping wafers during the 2003 [[Pahiyas Festival]] of [[Lucban]], [[Quezon]]
| alternate_name =
| place_of_origin = [[Philippines]]
| region =
| creator =
| course = [[Dessert]]
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[glutinous rice]]
| variations =
| similar_dish = [[kabkab]]
| calories =
| other =
}}
'''Kiping''' is a traditional [[Philippine cuisine|Filipino]] leaf-shaped wafer made from [[glutinous rice]]. It originates from the city of [[Lucban]], [[Quezon]]. It is celebrated annually in the [[Pahiyas Festival]]. It can be eaten grilled or fried and can be dipped in sugar, vinegar, or other sauces.<ref>{{cite web |title=KIPING ng Lucban |url=http://jelalee.blogspot.com/2010/04/claiming-of-graduation-gown.html |website=Star: Piece of Me |date=April 22, 2010 |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref>
==Etymology==
The name ''kiping'' is an alternate form of ''kinipi'', meaning "pressed", from the verb ''kipi'', "to press dough to squeeze out the water".<ref>{{cite web |title=Quezon: Kiping the Pahiyas Tradition in Lucban |url=https://www.ironwulf.net/2009/05/19/quezon-lucban-san-isidro-pahiyas-festival/ |website=Ironwulf En Route |date=May 18, 2009 |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref>
==Description==
[[File:Fried Kiping Vendor.jpg|thumb|left|A vendor selling colorful fried kiping]]
Kiping is characteristically leaf-shaped. It is made with molds made from real leaves of various plants that are non-toxic and do not have unusual tastes. The most commonly used are leaves from the kabal tree, ''[[Fagraea racemosa]]''. Other plants used include [[coffee tree|coffee]], talisay (''[[Terminalia catappa]]''), [[cacao tree|cacao]], antipolo (''[[Artocarpus blancoi]]''), and [[saba banana]].<ref name="pfc">{{cite web |title=Kiping Lucban San Isidro Pahiyas Festival > Kiping |url=http://www.pahiyasfestival.com/2017/kiping/ |website=PahiyasFestival.com |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name="wq">{{cite web |title=Kiping Completes Lucban Pahiyas Festival |url=http://www.wowquezon.com/features/festivals/kiping-completes-lucban-pahiyas-festival/ |website=WowQuezon.com |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref>
The rice paste is made from [[glutinous rice]] (usually older harvests) that have been soaked for a few hours before being ground into a paste. It is mixed with water, a little bit of coarse salt, and various food dyes. The paste is then spread on the chosen leaf molds and [[steaming|steamed]] for around half an hour. After steaming, the leaves are then air-dried in shade and peeled off. They are piled on top of each other and weighted down for half a day. They are then separated and dried again, then again compressed under a weight for another half day. They are traditionally hung on strings for storage. There is a traditional superstition that in order to prevent the kiping from cracking, silence must be observed during the entire preparation.<ref name="pfc"/><ref name="wq"/>
Kiping is usually eaten grilled or fried. It can be dipped in sugar or vinegar or other kinds of dips. Kiping can also be used as decorations, especially during the [[Pahiyas Festival]], where bundles of kiping are shaped into colorful chandeliers (called ''arangya''), giant flowers, and other ornaments. These are used to decorate individual houses which are then judged by festival organizers.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Kiping of Pahiyas |url=https://www.choosephilippines.com/eat/local-flavors/683/The-Kiping-of-Pahiyas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003152550/http://www.choosephilippines.com/eat/local-flavors/683/The-Kiping-of-Pahiyas/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=October 3, 2013 |website=ChoosePhilippines |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lucban and its Pahiyas |url=https://boyplakwatsa.com/tag/kiping/ |website=Lakwatsa |date=April 2014 |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name="pdi">{{cite news |last1=Mallari |first1=Delfin T. Jr. |title='Pahiyas' color risks fading as Lucban youth's interest in local culture wanes |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/897188/pahiyas-color-risks-fading-as-lucban-youths-interest-in-local-culture-wanes |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref>
==Similar dishes==
Kiping is also another name for [[kabkab]], a similar [[cassava]]-based wafer from other parts of the country.
==See also==
*[[Aparon]]
*[[Barquillos]]
*[[Krupuk]]
*[[Kropek]]
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Philippine cuisine}}
{{Rice dishes}}
{{Flatbreads}}
[[Category:Philippine desserts]]
[[Category:Glutinous rice dishes]]
[[Category:Philippine rice dishes]]
[[Category:Vegetarian dishes of the Philippines]]
| 1,264,211,461
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[{"title": "Kiping", "data": {"Course": "Dessert", "Place of origin": "Philippines", "Main ingredients": "glutinous rice", "Similar dishes": "kabkab"}}]
| false
|
# Cromford Mill
Cromford Mill is the world's first water-powered cotton spinning mill, developed by Richard Arkwright in 1771 in Cromford, Derbyshire, England. The mill structure is classified as a Grade I listed building. It is now the centrepiece of the Derwent Valley Mills UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is a multi-use visitor centre with shops, galleries, restaurants and cafes.
## History
Following the invention of the flying shuttle for weaving cotton in 1733, the demand for spun cotton increased enormously in England. Machines for carding and spinning had already been developed but were inefficient. Spun cotton was also produced by means of the spinning jenny but was insufficiently strong to form the warp of a fabric, for which it was the practice to use linen thread, producing a type of cloth known as fustian. In 1769, Richard Arkwright patented a water frame to use the extra power of a water mill after he had set up a horse-powered mill in Nottingham.
He chose the site at Cromford because it had year-round supply of warm water from the Cromford Sough which drained water from nearby Wirksworth lead mines, together with Bonsall Brook. Here he built a five-storey mill, with the backing of Jedediah Strutt (whom he met in a Nottingham bank via Ichabod Wright), Samuel Need and John Smalley. Starting in 1772, he ran the mills day and night with two twelve-hour shifts.
He started with 200 workers, more than the locality could provide, so he built housing for them nearby, one of the first manufacturers to do so. Most of the employees were women and children, the youngest being only seven years old. Later, the minimum age was raised to ten and the children were given six hours of education a week, so that they could do the record-keeping that their illiterate parents could not.
A large part of the village was built to house the mill workers. Stuart Fisher states that these are now considered to be "the first factory housing development in the world". Employees were provided with shops, pubs, chapels and a school.
The gate to Cromford Mill was shut at precisely 6 am and 6 pm every day, and any worker who failed to get through it not only lost a day's pay but also was fined another day's pay.
### Cromford dollars
In 1801 and 1802, during a national shortage of silver, Spanish real coins were overstamped for use as coinage at Cromford.
### Closure and further use
The cotton mill ceased operation in the 19th century and the buildings were used for other purposes, finally a dyeing plant. In 1979, the Grade I listed site was bought by the Arkwright Society, who began the long task of restoring it to its original state.
The importance of this site is not that it was the first but that it was the first successful cotton spinning factory. It showed unequivocally the way ahead and was widely emulated.
### World Heritage Site
The Cromford mill complex, owned and being restored by the Arkwright Society, was declared by Historic England as "one of the country’s 100 irreplaceable sites". In 2018, the "Cromford Mills Creative Cluster and World Heritage Site Gateway Project" was listed as a finalist for the "Best Major Regeneration of a Historic Building or Place" in the Historic England Angel Awards.
In 2019, the Arkwright Society employed 100 people; by that time, the restoration expenditure had reached £48 million.
The mill and other buildings are open to the public every day, and has attracted visitors from all over the world. Facilities include a visitors' centre, shops and a café.
The nearby Cromford Canal towpath to High Peak Junction, and onwards towards Ambergate, is listed as a Biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
In 2024 the site has been used as a venue for BBC One's Antiques Roadshow.
### Restoration
#### Condition in 1995
The 1771 building had been reduced by two storeys in 1929. Access was forbidden due to the toxic residue from the 20th-century paintmaking usage; the later tank with its toxic sediment obscured the foundations of the 1775 mill and the breast-shot waterwheel chamber. Only one remaining mill building was usable and suitable for guided tours.
- The original 1771 mill seen on the approach along Mill Road from the village
- The first mill viewed from the yard in 1995
- The tank over the waterwheel chamber
- The usable mill building undergoing work to replace many stone lintels and reinstate the original Georgian windows
#### Restoration in progress 2009
- Existing three of five storeys showing the extent of the original mill. Initially there was an undershot waterwheel to the right outside of the picture.
- The 1771 mill as extended in 1785
- The foundations of the 1775 mill, which was destroyed by fire in 1890, with wheel chamber on the right
- Weavers' housing, North Street, Cromford
#### Restoration of hydropower capacity
Installation of a water wheel, accompanied by a modern 20 kW hydro-turbine to power the buildings, was approved in 2022.
## Buildings and structures
### Waterworks
Originally the sough drained into the brook back in the village, and both powered the original mill. The sough was separated and brought along a channel on the south side of Mill Road to the aqueduct. Both then supplied the second mill. In 1785 the mill was extended to its present length with a culvert beneath for the Bonsall Brook. The sough was separated from the brook and brought from the village along the south side of Mill Lane which it crossed by way of the aqueduct to a new overshot wheel. A complicated set of channels and sluices controlled the supply to the mill, or, on Sundays to the canal, with the surplus draining into the river.
Arkwright's use of the Bonsall Brook and Cromford Sough for his mills had been opposed by other local water users in a number of legal cases. In 1772, however, a new sough, Meerbrook Sough, had been started nearby, some 30m lower than Cromford Sough. By 1813 the new sough was affecting the water volumes in Cromford Sough, leading Arkwright's son (also Richard Arkwright) and the other users to negotiate with the Meerbrook proprietors to place stop boards so as to keep Cromford water levels up. Further legal cases followed, but by 1836 the stop boards had decayed and the negotiated leases had expired, so Cromford Sough was again reduced in flow. Finally Arkwright sued for his water in a landmark legal suit, but the case was lost, and soon after 1847 the Cromford Mills were obliged to cease cotton manufacturing, being turned over to other uses.
- The sluice in the mill yard used to control the water supply
- Location of the breastshot wheel for the 1775 mill
- The culvert carrying the Bonsall Brook under the mill extension
- The 1771 mill showing the end of the aqueduct on the left and the hole in the wall where the wheel was located
- This shuttle in the village, known locally as the "Bear Pit", controlled the water from the sough.
- Cromford Pond built in 1785 as the mill pound
### Housing
The mill manager had a house on site. Although the first workers were brought in from outside the area, workers' housing was later built in Cromford.
### Cromford Canal and wharf
The opening of the Cromford Canal and the associated Cromford Wharf in 1793 linked Arkwright's Mill to the major Midland and northern cities, although use of the canal was to decline as traffic moved onto the railways.
## Machinery
### Water frame
Initially the first stage of the process was hand carding, but in 1775 he took out a second patent for a water-powered carding machine and this led to increased output and the fame of his factory rapidly spread. He was soon building further mills on this site and others and eventually employed 1,000 workers at Cromford. Many other mills were built under licence, including mills in Lancashire, Scotland and Germany. Samuel Slater, an apprentice of Jedediah Strutt, took the secrets of Arkwright's machines to Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA, where he founded a cotton industry. Arkwright's success led to his patents being challenged in court and his second patent was overturned as having no originality. Nonetheless, by the time of his death in 1792 he was the wealthiest untitled person in Britain.
Cromford Mill has commissioned a replica water frame which was installed in April 2013. Considerable problems occurred in obtaining suitable roving, which had to be a low-twist 0.8 count cotton: there are no companies spinning cotton today in the United Kingdom. Roving was supplied eventually by Rieter in Switzerland, who had some experimental stock. Rieter are the world's largest manufacturer of textile manufacturing machines.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromford_Mill
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2025-07-07T06:41:35Z
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en
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Q2566525
| 140,895
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{{Short description|Grade I listed mill in Derbyshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Mill building
|name =
| building_name = Cromford Mill
| native_building_name=
| alternate_names =
| image = Arkright's Mill - Cromford 29-04-06.jpg
| caption = Cromford Mill
| textile_type = Cotton
| mill-process =
| building_type = Spinning Mill (Water frame)
| architectural_style =
| structural_system = Stone
| cost =
| location = Cromford, Derbyshire
| serving_canal =
| serving_railway =
| owner = Arkwright
| owner_2 =
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|altitude=
|map_type=Derbyshire
| coordinates = {{coord|53.1090|-1.5560|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| start_date = {{Start date and age|1772|df=yes}}
| completion_date =
| employees = 200
| renovation_date =
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| references =
| embedded =
{{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Grade I
| designation1_offname = Cromford Mill
| designation1_date = 22 June 1950 | designation1_number = 1248010<ref name="NHLE1248010">{{National Heritage List for England| num=1248010 |desc=Cromford Mill|grade=I |accessdate=2 April 2019}}</ref> }}
}}
'''Cromford Mill''' is the world's first [[Hydropower|water-powered]] [[cotton mill|cotton spinning mill]], developed by [[Richard Arkwright]] in 1771 in [[Cromford]], [[Derbyshire]], England. The mill structure is classified as a [[Grade I listed building]].<ref name="NHLE1248010" /> It is now the centrepiece of the [[Derwent Valley Mills]] [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]], and is a multi-use visitor centre with shops, galleries, restaurants and cafes.
==History==
Following the invention of the [[flying shuttle]] for weaving cotton in 1733, the demand for spun cotton increased enormously in England. Machines for [[carding]] and [[Spinning (textiles)|spinning]] had already been developed but were inefficient. Spun cotton was also produced by means of the [[spinning jenny]] but was insufficiently strong to form the [[warp (weaving)|warp]] of a fabric, for which it was the practice to use linen thread, producing a type of cloth known as [[fustian]]. In 1769, Richard Arkwright patented a [[water frame]] to use the extra power of a [[water mill]] after he had set up a horse-powered mill in [[Nottingham]].{{sfn|Cooper|1983|p=65}}
He chose the site at Cromford because it had year-round supply of warm water from the Cromford [[Sough]] which drained water from nearby [[Wirksworth]] [[lead]] mines, together with Bonsall Brook. Here he built a five-storey mill,<!-- similar to the [[Derby Industrial Museum|silk mill]] in nearby [[Derby]], --> with the backing of [[Jedediah Strutt]] (whom he met in a Nottingham bank via [[Ichabod Wright]]), Samuel Need and John Smalley. Starting in 1772, he ran the mills day and night with two twelve-hour shifts.{{sfn|Cooper|1983|p=68}}
He started with 200 workers, more than the locality could provide, so he built housing for them nearby, one of the first manufacturers to do so.{{sfn|Cooper|1983|p=66}} Most of the employees were women and children, the youngest being only seven years old. Later, the minimum age was raised to ten and the children were given six hours of education a week, so that they could do the record-keeping that their illiterate parents could not.
A large part of the village was built to house the mill workers. Stuart Fisher states that these are now considered to be "the first factory housing development in the world".<ref>
{{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Stuart |date=12 January 2017 |title=The Canals of Britain: The Comprehensive Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nFh5DQAAQBAJ&q=Arkwright%2C+built+in+cromford&pg=PA77 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |page=77|isbn=9781472940025 }}</ref> Employees were provided with shops, pubs, chapels and a school.
[[File:Cromford Mill Gateway.jpg|right|thumb|Gateway to Arkwright's Mill]]
The gate to Cromford Mill was shut at precisely 6 am and 6 pm every day, and any worker who failed to get through it not only lost a day's pay but also was fined another day's pay.
=== Cromford dollars ===
[[File:Post-medieval coin hoard, Coin 3, Cromford dollar (FindID 808673) (cropped).jpg|thumb|A "Cromford dollar". The figures "4<nowiki>|</nowiki>9" show a value of 4 [[shilling]]s and 9 pence]]
In 1801 and 1802, during a national shortage of silver, [[Spanish real]] coins were overstamped for use as coinage at Cromford.<ref name="Willis">{{cite web |last1=Willis |first1=Alastair |title=Rare Cromford Dollars acquired by Derby Museums |url=https://finds.org.uk/counties/derbyshire/cromford-dollars/ |publisher=[[Portable Antiquities Scheme]] |access-date=3 December 2020 |date=20 March 2018}}</ref>
===Closure and further use===
The cotton mill ceased operation in the 19th century and the buildings were used for other purposes, finally a dyeing plant. In 1979, the Grade I listed site was bought by the [[Arkwright Society]], who began the long task of restoring it to its original state.
The importance of this site is not that it was the first but that it was the first successful cotton spinning factory. It showed unequivocally the way ahead and was widely emulated.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
===World Heritage Site===
The Cromford mill complex, owned and being restored by the [[Arkwright Society]],<ref name="About Us">[https://www.cromfordmills.org.uk/about About Us]</ref> was declared by [[Historic England]] as "one of the country’s 100 irreplaceable sites".<ref name="cluster">[https://historicengland.org.uk/get-involved/angel-awards/best-major-regeneration-historic-building/cromford-mills/ The Cromford Mills Creative Cluster and World Heritage Site Gateway Project, Derbyshire]</ref> In 2018, the "Cromford Mills Creative Cluster and World Heritage Site Gateway Project" was listed as a finalist for the "Best Major Regeneration of a Historic Building or Place" in the Historic England Angel Awards.<ref name="cluster" />
In 2019, the Arkwright Society employed 100 people;<ref name="About Us"/> by that time, the restoration expenditure had reached £48 million.<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/622816a8-3d1f-11ea-a01a-bae547046735 Inside the £130m ‘conservation challenge of the century]</ref>
The mill and other buildings are open to the public every day,<ref>[https://www.cromfordmills.org.uk/visit-us Welcome to Cromford Mills Visit US]</ref> and has attracted visitors from all over the world. Facilities include a visitors' centre, shops and a café.<ref>[https://www.cromfordmills.org.uk/sites/default/files/attachments/AS_map1_whole%20site.pdf Site Map]{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The nearby [[Cromford Canal]] towpath to [[High Peak Junction]], and onwards towards Ambergate, is listed as a Biological [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] (SSSI).<ref name="SSSI">{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000209.pdf |title=Cromford: SSSI citation |publisher=Natural England |date=22 August 1986 |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230759/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000209.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref>
In 2024 the site has been used as a venue for BBC One's ''[[Antiques Roadshow]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3CZl8XN5r0WfkJbtM9ZgDF3/cromford-mills-derbyshire |title=Antiques Roadshow Venues for 2024: Cromford Mills, Derbyshire |publisher=BBC One |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite episode |title=Cromford Mills 2 |episode-link= |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0024831 |access-date=21 October 2024 |series=Antiques Roadshow |network=BBC One |date=20 October 2024 |series-no=47}}</ref>
===Restoration===
==== Condition in 1995 ====
The 1771 building had been reduced by two storeys in 1929. Access was forbidden due to the toxic residue from the 20th-century paintmaking usage; the later tank with its toxic sediment obscured the foundations of the 1775 mill and the breast-shot waterwheel chamber. Only one remaining mill building was usable and suitable for guided tours.
<gallery>
Image:Cromford mill approach 1995.jpg|The original 1771 mill seen on the approach along Mill Road from the village
Image:Cromford mill one 1995.jpg|The first mill viewed from the yard in 1995
Image:Cromford mill 1995 toxic tank.jpg|The tank over the waterwheel chamber
Image:Cromford mill two 1995.jpg|The usable mill building undergoing work to replace many stone lintels and reinstate the original Georgian windows</gallery>
==== Restoration in progress 2009 ====
<gallery>
Image:Arkwright's_first_mill,_Cromford.jpg|Existing three of five storeys showing the extent of the original mill. Initially there was an undershot waterwheel to the right outside of the picture.
Image:Cromford _1771_mill.jpg|The 1771 mill as extended in 1785
Image:Cromford 1775 mill.jpg|The foundations of the 1775 mill, which was destroyed by fire in 1890, with wheel chamber on the right
Image:North_St,_Cromford.jpg|Weavers' housing, North Street, Cromford
</gallery>
==== Restoration of hydropower capacity ====
Installation of a [[water wheel]], accompanied by a modern 20 kW [[Water turbine|hydro-turbine]] to power the buildings, was approved in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kataria |first1=Sonia |last2=Massey |first2=Christina |date=2022-08-01 |title=Cromford Mill: Historic site secures cash for hydro power |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-62371562 |access-date=2022-08-12}}</ref>
==Buildings and structures==
===1771 mill===
[[File:Cromford 1771 mill.jpg|thumb|left|The remaining three storeys of the first mill]]
{{Clear}}
===1775 mill===
[[File:Cromford 1775 mill.jpg|thumb|left|The location of the 1775 mill]]
{{Clear}}
===Waterworks===
[[File:Cromford mill watercourses.jpg|thumb|upright|A composite diagram of the watercourses]] Originally the [[sough]] drained into the brook back in the village, and both powered the original mill. The sough was separated and brought along a channel on the south side of Mill Road to the [[Aqueduct (bridge)|aqueduct]]. Both then supplied the second mill. In 1785 the mill was extended to its present length with a [[culvert]] beneath for the Bonsall Brook. The sough was separated from the brook and brought from the village along the south side of Mill Lane which it crossed by way of the aqueduct to a new [[overshot wheel]]. A complicated set of channels and sluices controlled the supply to the mill, or, on Sundays to the canal, with the surplus draining into the river.
Arkwright's use of the Bonsall Brook and Cromford Sough for his mills had been opposed by other local water users in a number of legal cases.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vallerani|first1=Francesco|last2=Visentin|first2=Francesco|title=Waterways and the Cultural Landscape|date=2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781138226043|ref=Vallerani+Visentin}}</ref> In 1772, however, a new sough, [[Meerbrook Sough]], had been started nearby, some 30m lower than Cromford Sough. By 1813 the new sough was affecting the water volumes in Cromford Sough, leading Arkwright's son (also Richard Arkwright) and the other users to negotiate with the Meerbrook proprietors to place stop boards so as to keep Cromford water levels up. Further legal cases followed, but by 1836 the stop boards had decayed and the negotiated leases had expired, so Cromford Sough was again reduced in flow. Finally Arkwright sued for his water in a landmark legal suit,<ref name="Easements">{{cite book|last1=Gale|first1=C.J.|last2=Whatley|first2=T.D.|title=A Treatise on the Law of Easements|date=1839|publisher=S.Sweet|location=1 Chancery Lane, London|pages=182–190}}</ref> but the case was lost, and soon after 1847 the Cromford Mills were obliged to cease cotton manufacturing, being turned over to other uses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Key Sites – Cromford Mill|url=http://www.derwentvalleymills.org/derwent-valley-mills-history/derwent-valley-mills-key-sites/key-sites-cromford-mill/|website=Derwent Valley Mills|publisher=Derwent Valley Mills, ETE, County Hall, Matlock|access-date=10 May 2018}}</ref>
<gallery>
Image:Cromford mill sluice1.jpg|The [[sluice]] in the mill yard used to control the water supply
Image:Cromford 1775 wheel.jpg|Location of the [[breastshot wheel]] for the 1775 mill
Image:Cromford 1771 mill detail 1.jpg|The culvert carrying the Bonsall Brook under the mill extension
Image:Cromford 1771 mill detail 2.jpg|The 1771 mill showing the end of the [[Aqueduct (bridge)|aqueduct]] on the left and the hole in the wall where the wheel was located
Image:Cromford mill sluice2.jpg|This shuttle in the village, known locally as the "Bear Pit", controlled the water from the sough.
Image:Cromford Pond 2.jpg|Cromford Pond built in 1785 as the mill pound</gallery>
===Housing===
The mill manager had a house on site. Although the first workers were brought in from outside the area, workers' housing was later built in Cromford.
===Cromford Canal and wharf===
The opening of the [[Cromford Canal]] and the associated [[Cromford Wharf]] in 1793 linked Arkwright's Mill to the major Midland and northern cities, although use of the canal was to decline as traffic moved onto the railways.<ref name="derbysguide">{{cite web |url=http://www.derbyshireguide.co.uk/travel/cromford.htm |title=Cromford Mill and Sir Richard Arkwright |publisher=Derbyshire Guide website |access-date=5 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721070509/http://www.derbyshireguide.co.uk/travel/cromford.htm |archive-date=21 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Machinery==
===Water frame===
Initially the first stage of the process was hand carding, but in 1775 he took out a second patent for a water-powered carding machine and this led to increased output and the fame of his factory rapidly spread. He was soon building further mills on this site and others and eventually employed 1,000 workers at Cromford. Many other mills were built under licence, including mills in Lancashire, Scotland and Germany. [[Samuel Slater]], an apprentice of Jedediah Strutt, took the secrets of Arkwright's machines to [[Pawtucket, Rhode Island]],<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-derbyshire-15002318 |title=Samuel Slater: American hero or British traitor? |first=Neil |last=Heath |publisher=BBC News |date=22 September 2011 |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> USA,<ref name="slater">{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/slater.mill |title=Old Slater Mill National Historic Landmark |website=[[Facebook]] |type=Facebook page |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> where he founded a cotton industry. Arkwright's success led to his patents being challenged in court and his second patent was overturned as having no originality. Nonetheless, by the time of his death in 1792 he was the wealthiest untitled person in Britain.<ref name="thornber">{{cite web |url=http://www.thornber.net/cheshire/ideasmen/arkwright.html |title=Richard Arkwright (1732–1792) |publisher=thornber.net |access-date=5 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026223950/http://www.thornber.net/cheshire/ideasmen/arkwright.html |archive-date=26 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Cromford Mill has commissioned a replica water frame which was installed in April 2013. Considerable problems occurred in obtaining suitable roving, which had to be a low-twist 0.8 count cotton: there are no companies spinning cotton today in the United Kingdom. Roving was supplied eventually by Rieter in Switzerland, who had some experimental stock. Rieter are the world's largest manufacturer of textile manufacturing machines.<ref name="roving">{{cite web |url=http://www.arkwrightsociety.org.uk/content/cotton-rovings-saga |title=The Cotton Rovings Saga |work=Sir Richard Arkwright's Cromford Mills |publisher=Arkwright Society |date=March 2013 |access-date=5 August 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505134126/http://www.arkwrightsociety.org.uk/content/cotton-rovings-saga |archive-date=5 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Grade I listed buildings in Derbyshire]]
*[[Listed buildings in Cromford]]
*[[Kirk Mill]]
*[[Masson Mill]]
*[[New Lanark]]
==References==
;Notes
{{reflist|colwidth=35em}}
;Bibliography
*{{citation |last=Cooper |first=Brian |title=Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent |publisher=Heinemann |location=London |year=1983|edition=New, Scarthin 1997 Reprint|isbn=0-907758-17-7}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Cromford Mill}}
*[https://www.cromfordmills.org.uk/ Arkwright Society - Cromford Mill] - with tour information
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417220331/http://www.derbyshireuk.net/cromford.html Cromford village website]
{{Derbyshire Places of interest}}
{{Lists of mills in England}}
[[Category:Museums in Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Cotton mills in Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Industry museums in England]]
[[Category:Textile museums in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Watermills in Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Brick buildings and structures in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Former textile mills in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:History of the textile industry]]
[[Category:Industrial Revolution in England]]
[[Category:Spinning]]
[[Category:Industrial buildings completed in 1772]]
[[Category:Textile mills completed in the 18th century]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Grade I listed industrial buildings]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Derbyshire]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in England]]
[[Category:1772 establishments in England]]
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[{"title": "Spinning Mill (Water frame)", "data": {"Structural system": "Stone", "Location": "Cromford, Derbyshire", "Owner": "Arkwright", "Coordinates": "53\u00b006\u203232\u2033N 1\u00b033\u203222\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff53.1090\u00b0N 1.5560\u00b0W"}}, {"title": "Construction", "data": {"Built": "1772", "Employees": "200", "Floor count": "5"}}, {"title": "Listed Building \u2013 Grade I", "data": {"Official name": "Cromford Mill", "Designated": "22 June 1950", "Reference no.": "1248010"}}]
| false
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# Sandra L. Pack
Sandra Lee "Sandy" Pack was United States Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller) from 2001 to 2003 and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Management & Chief Financial Officer from 2005 to 2006.
## Biography
Sandy Pack was educated at the College of Notre Dame of Maryland. After college, she worked at the accounting firm of Ernst & Young.
In February 1999, Pack became director of treasury / chief financial officer for George W. Bush's 2000 presidential campaign, reporting to campaign manager Joe Allbaugh. Following George W. Bush's victory in the 2000 U.S. presidential campaign, President Bush nominated Pack to be Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller) and, after Senate confirmation, Pack held this office from November 2001 to December 2003.
In December 2003, Pack resigned from her office in the United States Department of the Army to become CFO of George W. Bush's 2004 presidential campaign, reporting to campaign manager Ken Mehlman. After Bush's victory in the 2004 U.S. presidential election, Bush nominated Pack to be Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Management & Chief Financial Officer. Pack subsequently held this office from August 2005 to December 2006.
From December 2006 to December 2008, Pack was the CFO of the Rudy Giuliani U.S. presidential campaign. From April 2008 to September 2009, she was the John McCain presidential campaign's senior advisor to treasury and accounting.
Since September 2009, Pack has been the chief audit executive of the United States Army Corps of Engineers.
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{{no footnotes|date=August 2017}}
[[Image:Sandy Pack.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sandra L. Pack]]
'''Sandra Lee "Sandy" Pack''' was [[United States]] [[Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller)]] from 2001 to 2003 and [[Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Management|Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Management & Chief Financial Officer]] from 2005 to 2006.
==Biography==
Sandy Pack was educated at the [[College of Notre Dame of Maryland]]. After college, she worked at the [[accounting]] firm of [[Ernst & Young]].
In February 1999, Pack became director of treasury / [[chief financial officer]] for [[George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000|George W. Bush's 2000 presidential campaign]], reporting to [[campaign manager]] [[Joe Allbaugh]]. Following [[George W. Bush]]'s victory in the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 U.S. presidential campaign]], [[President of the United States|President]] Bush nominated Pack to be [[Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller)]] and, after [[Senate confirmation]], Pack held this office from November 2001 to December 2003.
In December 2003, Pack resigned from her office in the [[United States Department of the Army]] to become CFO of [[George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2004|George W. Bush's 2004 presidential campaign]], reporting to campaign manager [[Ken Mehlman]]. After Bush's victory in the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 U.S. presidential election]], Bush nominated Pack to be [[Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Management|Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Management & Chief Financial Officer]]. Pack subsequently held this office from August 2005 to December 2006.
From December 2006 to December 2008, Pack was the CFO of the [[Rudy Giuliani presidential campaign, 2008|Rudy Giuliani U.S. presidential campaign]]. From April 2008 to September 2009, she was the [[John McCain 2008 presidential campaign|John McCain presidential campaign]]'s senior advisor to treasury and accounting.
Since September 2009, Pack has been the chief audit executive of the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]].
==References==
*[http://restoringsanity.org/politics/bush_appointments.html "The Bush Appointees", from restoringsanity.com]
*[http://www.dougfeith.com/docs/2001_06_05_SASC_Feith_Confirmation_Hearing.pdf 2001 Hearings on Pack's Nomination as Assistant Secretary of the Army]
{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box|
before=Helen T. McCoy|
title=[[Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller)]]|
after=[[Valerie L. Baldwin]]|
years=November 2001 – December 2003
}}
{{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pack, Sandra Lee}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:United States Army women civilians]]
[[Category:American accountants]]
[[Category:American women accountants]]
[[Category:Notre Dame of Maryland University alumni]]
[[Category:George W. Bush administration personnel]]
[[Category:Women chief financial officers]]
[[Category:American chief financial officers]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]
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# Dancing Dolls
Dancing Dolls are a Japanese female idol group. The group originally consisted of five childhood friends from Osaka: Hono (Honoka Kadomoto - 門元穂果), Mii (Misaki Nakajima - 中島弥咲), Misaki (Misaki Sakurada - 桜田美咲), and twins Asuka (Asuka Nagayama - 永山飛鳥) and Kyoka (Kyouka Nagayama - 永山杏佳).
## History
The group was formed in Osaka by childhood friends. They started performing in the street in Osaka Castle Park, which is a local haven for street performances. The girls wrote and composed their own songs; Misaki choreographed the dances. Dancing Dolls also began uploading dance covers to video sharing websites Nico Nico Douga and YouTube and achieved some notability there. Their videos became popular, and totaled over 10 million views by the time of their professional debut in 2012.
Dancing Dolls were signed by Sony Music Entertainment Japan and on September 12, 2012, released their debut single, titled "Touch -A.S.A.P.- / Shanghai Darling". At the time, the group's average age was 16. The single reached the 38th place in the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart. Also, the CD single was preceded by "Shanghai Darling", which was released on August 1 for digital download and peaked at the 8th spot in the daily Recochoku chart. The song "Touch -A.S.A.P-" is a cover of a theme song from the anime Touch, originally sung by Yoshimi Iwasaki and released as a single in 1985. They too made a cover of ECHO, a single by Circrush who is sung by Megpoid English, what is the English version of Megpoid.
In May 2014, the twin sisters Kyoka and Asuka left the group and Dancing Dolls became inactive for several months.
At the end of January 2015, Miu and Kanon were recruited as new Dancing Dolls members. Both girls have started dance practice and song recording. The staff of the idol group published a picture of the new members and a video in which their faces are hidden in order to keep the identities of the new members a mystery until February 14. They were officially introduced and made their debut during Dancing Dolls’ live performance on February 14 in Tokyo. At the same time, they revealed that their new single My Way / Love Me, Love Me is planned to be released on March 25, 2015. This is the group's first album in 10 months with new members Miu and Kanon. The next Dancing Dolls’ single features a cover of the song Melo Melo Bakkyun sung by Miu and Kanon.
They haven't officially disbanded, but haven't been active since 2015 and members have focused on pursuing other activities. In 2019 Mii released a solo album, HIME.
## Members
| Name | Birth date | Age | Position |
| ------------ | --------------- | --- | ------------------------------- |
| Hono | June 30, 1997 | 28 | Vocal, dance |
| Mii | April 6, 1996 | 29 | Main vocal, dance |
| Misaki | July 24, 1995 | 29 | Vocal, rap, dance, choreography |
| Past members | | | |
| Asuka | August 31, 1995 | 29 | Dance, chorus |
| Kyoka | August 31, 1995 | 29 | Dance, chorus |
## Discography
### Singles
| # | Title | Release date | Charts | Charts | Track listing | Catalog nr. |
| # | Title | Release date | Oricon Weekly Singles Chart | Billboard Japan Hot 100 | Track listing | Catalog nr. |
| - | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------ | --------------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1 | "Touch -A.S.A.P.- / Shanghai Darling" (タッチ-A.S.A.P.-/上海ダーリン) | September 12, 2012 | 38 | 37 | Touch -A.S.A.P.- Shanghai Darling Melomelo Bakkyun Touch -A.S.A.P.- (Instrumental) | SRCL-8100/1 (Limited Edition) SRCL-8102 (Regular Edition) |
| 2 | "Wangan Wonder Darling / Raspberry Love" (湾岸ワンダーダーリン/ラズベリーラブ) | January 30, 2013 | 32 | | Wangan Wonder Darling Raspberry Love Kyōhan no Melody Hello | SRCL-8174/5 (Limited Edition) SRCL-8176 (Regular Edition) |
| 3 | "DD Jump" (DD JUMP) | July 24, 2013 | 39 | | DD Jump Sunshine Oneway Love Friends | SRCL-8312/3 (Limited Edition) SRCL-8314 (Regular Edition) |
| 4 | "Ring Dong" | November 13, 2013 | 58 | | | SRCL-8391/2 (Limited Edition) SRCL-8393 (Regular Edition) |
| 5 | "Monochrome" (monochrome) | May 21, 2014 | 41 | 86 | monochrome XX Mirai Star Road monochrome (Instrumental) | SRCL-8544/5 (Limited Edition) SRCL-8543 (Regular Edition) |
| 6 | "My Way / Love Me, Love Me" | March 25, 2015 | | | | |
| 7 | "Michi no Sekai e / Odoru Kokoro" (ミチノセカイヘ / オドルココロ) | August 26, 2015 | | | Michi no Sekai e Odoru Kokoro Koi no Memory | SRCL-8868/9 (Limited Edition) SRCL-8870 (Regular Edition) |
## Videography
### Music videos
| Single # | Title | Official YouTube link |
| -------- | ------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1 | "Touch -A.S.A.P.-" | Video on YouTube (The video is available only in Japan.) |
| 1 | "Shanghai Darling" | Video on YouTube (The video is available only in Japan.) |
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{{Short description|Japanese female idol group}}
{{Update|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Dancing Dolls
| alias = Dandol
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| origin = [[Osaka]], [[Japan]]
| genre = [[J-pop]], [[pop music|pop]]
| years_active = 2012–present
| label = [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]
| associated_acts =
| website = {{URL|http://dancingdolls.jp}}
| current_members = Hono<br />Mii<br>Misaki<br />Miu<br />Kanon
| past_members = Asuka<br />Kyoka
}}
'''Dancing Dolls''' are a Japanese female [[japanese idol|idol]] group.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chunichi.co.jp/chuspo/article/entertainment/news/CK2012091702000142.html |title=振り付けは「竹の子族」 「Dancing Dolls」 |publisher=[[Chunichi Sports]] |date=2012-09-17 |accessdate=2012-10-14 |language=Japanese |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920055617/http://www.chunichi.co.jp/chuspo/article/entertainment/news/CK2012091702000142.html |archivedate=2012-09-20 }}</ref> The group originally consisted of five childhood friends from Osaka: Hono (Honoka Kadomoto - 門元穂果), Mii (Misaki Nakajima - 中島弥咲), Misaki (Misaki Sakurada - 桜田美咲), and twins Asuka (Asuka Nagayama - 永山飛鳥) and Kyoka (Kyouka Nagayama - 永山杏佳).
== History ==
The group was formed in [[Osaka]] by childhood friends. They started performing in the street in [[Osaka Castle Park]], which is a local haven for street performances. The girls wrote and composed their own songs; Misaki choreographed the dances. Dancing Dolls also began uploading dance covers to [[video sharing]] websites [[Nico Nico Douga]] and [[YouTube]] and achieved some notability there. Their videos became popular, and totaled over 10 million views by the time of their professional debut in 2012.<ref name="oricon20120808">{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/deview/2015419/|title=大阪出身の5人組ダンスヴォーカルユニット"Dancing Dolls"がデビュー。MVにはダチョウ倶楽部・上島竜兵が出演|publisher=[[De View]] ([[Oricon]])|date=2012-08-08|accessdate=2012-10-13|language=Japanese}}</ref>
Dancing Dolls were signed by [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]] and on September 12, 2012, released their debut single, titled "Touch -A.S.A.P.- / Shanghai Darling".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/music/news/76767|title=Dancing Dolls、原宿で竹の子族風ダンスをレクチャー|publisher=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|date=2012-09-19|accessdate=2012-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/deview/2016920/|title=竹の子族風"原宿ダンス"も披露！大阪出身ダンスユニット・Dancing Dollsが原宿でクレープ屋さんに体験入店|publisher=[[De View]] ([[Oricon]])|date=2012-09-21|accessdate=2012-10-13}}</ref> At the time, the group's average age was 16.<ref name="oricon20120808" /> The single reached the 38th place in the [[Oricon]] Weekly Singles Chart. Also, the CD single was preceded by "Shanghai Darling", which was released on August 1 for digital download and peaked at the 8th spot in the daily [[Recochoku]] chart.<ref name="oricon20120808" /> The song "Touch -A.S.A.P-" is a cover of a theme song from the anime ''[[Touch (manga)|Touch]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjKGxH7KyTc|title=【FULL】Dancing Dolls 『タッチ-A.S.A.P.- (Music Video)』|date=22 August 2012 |publisher=[[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]|accessdate=2012-10-14}}</ref> originally sung by [[Yoshimi Iwasaki]] and released as a single in 1985. They too made a cover of [[Echo (magazine)|ECHO]], a single by [[Circrush]] who is sung by [[Megpoid English]], what is the English version of [[Megpoid]].
In May 2014, the twin sisters Kyoka and Asuka left the group and Dancing Dolls became inactive for several months.
At the end of January 2015, Miu and Kanon were recruited as new Dancing Dolls members. Both girls have started dance practice and song recording. The staff of the idol group published a picture of the new members and a video in which their faces are hidden in order to keep the identities of the new members a mystery until February 14. They were officially introduced and made their debut during Dancing Dolls’ live performance on February 14 in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000112037|title= Dancing Dolls、新メンバーはMiuとKanon|publisher=Barks|date=January 24, 2015|accessdate=February 10, 2015|language=japanese}}</ref> At the same time, they revealed that their new single ''My Way / Love Me, Love Me'' is planned to be released on March 25, 2015. This is the group's first album in 10 months with new members Miu and Kanon. The next Dancing Dolls’ single features a cover of the song Melo Melo Bakkyun sung by Miu and Kanon.
They haven't officially disbanded, but haven't been active since 2015 and members have focused on pursuing other activities. In 2019 Mii released a solo album, ''HIME''.
== Members ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; margin-right:0px;"
|- style="white-space:nowrap;"
! Name
! Birth date<ref name="officialsiteprofile">{{cite web|url=http://dancingdolls.jp/artist_info/biography.php|title=BIOGRAPHY|publisher=Dancing Dolls Official Site|accessdate=2012-10-13|language=Japanese|archive-date=2012-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028173057/http://dancingdolls.jp/artist_info/biography.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! Age
! Position<ref name="officialsiteprofile" />
|-
|align="center"| Hono
|align="right"| {{birth date|1997|6|30}}
|align="center"| {{age|1997|6|30}}
| Vocal, dance
|-
|align="center"| Mii
|align="right"| {{birth date|1996|4|6}}
|align="center"| {{age|1996|4|6}}
| Main vocal, dance
|-
|align="center"| Misaki
|align="right"| {{birth date|1995|7|24}}
|align="center"| {{age|1995|7|24}}
| Vocal, rap, dance, choreography
|-
!colspan="4"| Past members
|-
|align="center"| Asuka
|align="right"| {{birth date|1995|8|31}}
|align="center"| {{age|1995|8|31}}
| Dance, chorus
|-
|align="center"| Kyoka
|align="right"| {{birth date|1995|8|31}}
|align="center"| {{age|1995|8|31}}
| Dance, chorus
|}
== Discography ==
=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:;"
!rowspan="2"| #
!rowspan="2"| Title
!rowspan="2"| Release date
!colspan="2"| Charts
!rowspan="2"| Track listing
!rowspan="2"| Catalog nr.
|-
! <small>[[Oricon]]<br />Weekly<br />Singles<br />Chart<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/artist/572426/ranking/cd_single/|title=Dancing DollsのCDシングルランキング、Dancing Dollsのプロフィールならオリコン芸能人事典|publisher=[[オリコン]]|accessdate=2012-10-14|language=Japanese}}</ref></small>
! <small>''[[Billboard Japan|Billboard<br />Japan]]''<br />Hot<br />100</small>
|-
|align="center"| 1
| {{nihongo|"Touch -A.S.A.P.- / Shanghai Darling"<br /> |タッチ-A.S.A.P.-/上海ダーリン}}
|align="right"| {{start date|2012|9|12}}
|align="center" width="45"| 38
|align="center" width="45"| 37
| Touch -A.S.A.P.-<br />Shanghai Darling<br />Melomelo Bakkyun<br />Touch -A.S.A.P.- (Instrumental)
| SRCL-8100/1 (Limited Edition)<br />SRCL-8102 (Regular Edition)
|-
|align="center"| 2
| {{nihongo|"Wangan Wonder Darling / Raspberry Love"<br /> |湾岸ワンダーダーリン/ラズベリーラブ}}
|align="right"| {{start date|2013|1|30}}
|align="center" width="45"| 32
|align="center" width="45"|
| Wangan Wonder Darling<br />Raspberry Love<br />Kyōhan no Melody<br />Hello
| SRCL-8174/5 (Limited Edition)<br />SRCL-8176 (Regular Edition)
|-
|align="center"| 3
| {{nihongo|"DD Jump"<br /> |DD JUMP}}
|align="right"| {{start date|2013|7|24}}
|align="center" width="45"| 39
|align="center" width="45"|
| DD Jump<br />Sunshine<br />Oneway Love<br />Friends
| SRCL-8312/3 (Limited Edition)<br />SRCL-8314 (Regular Edition)
|-
|align="center"| 4
| "Ring Dong"
|align="right"| {{start date|2013|11|13}}
|align="center" width="45"| 58
|align="center" width="45"|
|
| SRCL-8391/2 (Limited Edition)<br />SRCL-8393 (Regular Edition)
|-
|align="center"| 5
| {{nihongo|"Monochrome"<br /> |monochrome}}
|align="right"| {{start date|2014|5|21}}
|align="center"| 41<!--<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/js/w/2014-06-02/more/6/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529015702/http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/js/w/2014-06-02/more/6/|title=2014年05月19日～2014年05月25日のCDシングル週間ランキング（2014年06月02日付）|archivedate=2014-05-29}}</ref>-->
|align="center"| 86<!--http://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=hot100&year=2014&month=06&day=2-->
| monochrome<br />XX<br />Mirai Star Road<br />monochrome (Instrumental)
| SRCL-8544/5 (Limited Edition)<br />SRCL-8543 (Regular Edition)
|-
|-
|align="center"| 6
| "My Way / Love Me, Love Me"
|align="right"| {{start date|2015|3|25}}
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|
|
|-
|align="center"| 7
| {{nihongo|"Michi no Sekai e / Odoru Kokoro"<br /> |ミチノセカイヘ / オドルココロ}}
|align="right"| {{start date|2015|8|26}}
|
|
| Michi no Sekai e<br />Odoru Kokoro<br />Koi no Memory
| SRCL-8868/9 (Limited Edition)<br />SRCL-8870 (Regular Edition)
|}
== Videography ==
=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Single #
! Title
! Official [[YouTube]] link
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"| 1
| "Touch -A.S.A.P.-"
| align="center"| {{YouTube|vjKGxH7KyTc}} <small>(The video is available only in Japan.)</small>
|-
| "Shanghai Darling"
| align="center"| {{YouTube|Ln3-9iuSQrk}} <small>(The video is available only in Japan.)</small>
|}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://dancingdolls.jp Dancing Dolls' official site]
* [https://www.youtube.com/dancingdollsSMEJ Dancing Dolls' channel] on [[YouTube]] (The channel is available in Japan only.)
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Japanese pop music groups]]
[[Category:Japanese girl groups]]
[[Category:Japanese-language singers]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 2012]]
[[Category:Sony Music Entertainment Japan artists]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Child musical groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Osaka]]
| 1,301,474,593
|
[{"title": "Dancing Dolls", "data": {"Also known as": "Dandol", "Origin": "Osaka, Japan", "Genres": "J-pop, pop", "Years active": "2012\u2013present", "Labels": "Sony Music Entertainment Japan"}}, {"title": "Dancing Dolls", "data": {"Members": "Hono \u00b7 Mii \u00b7 Misaki \u00b7 Miu \u00b7 Kanon"}}, {"title": "Dancing Dolls", "data": {"Past members": "Asuka \u00b7 Kyoka"}}]
| false
|
# Pempelia cirtensis
Pempelia cirtensis is a species of snout moth. It is found on Cyprus, Turkey, Israel and North Africa, including Algeria.
|
enwiki/34976628
|
enwiki
| 34,976,628
|
Pempelia cirtensis
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pempelia_cirtensis
|
2023-01-12T12:13:50Z
|
en
|
Q7162016
| 26,683
|
{{Short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Pempelia cirtensis
| authority = ([[Émile Louis Ragonot|Ragonot]], 1890)
| synonyms =
*''Salebria cirtensis'' <small>Ragonot, 1890</small>
*''Salebria cirtensis commagensis'' <small>Osthelder, 1940</small>
}}
'''''Pempelia cirtensis''''' is a species of [[Pyralidae|snout moth]]. It is found on [[Cyprus]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210428/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=442300 Fauna Europaea]</ref> [[Turkey]], [[Israel]] and [[North Africa]], including [[Algeria]].<ref name="Pyraloidea db">{{cite web|url=http://globiz.pyraloidea.org/Pages/Reports/TaxonReport.aspx |title=World Pyraloidea Database |publisher=Globiz.pyraloidea.org |date= |accessdate=2012-03-05}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7162016}}
[[Category:Moths described in 1890]]
[[Category:Phycitini]]
[[Category:Insects of Turkey]]
{{Phycitini-stub}}
| 1,133,142,970
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Lepidoptera", "Family": "Pyralidae", "Genus": "Pempelia", "Species": "P. cirtensis"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Pempelia cirtensis \u00b7 (Ragonot, 1890)"}}, {"title": "Synonyms", "data": {"Synonyms": "- Salebria cirtensis Ragonot, 1890 - Salebria cirtensis commagensis Osthelder, 1940"}}]
| false
|
# Góra, Mońki County
Góra [ˈɡura] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krypno, within Mońki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) south of Mońki and 25 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Białystok.
|
enwiki/18655754
|
enwiki
| 18,655,754
|
Góra, Mońki County
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3ra,_Mo%C5%84ki_County
|
2025-05-02T08:27:42Z
|
en
|
Q5626118
| 39,403
|
{{other places|Góra}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Góra
| settlement_type = Village
| total_type =
| image_flag =
| image_shield =
| image_map =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Podlaskie Voivodeship|Podlaskie]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mońki County|Mońki]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Krypno|Krypno]]
| coordinates = {{coord|53|13|50|N|22|51|30|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| website =
}}
'''Góra''' {{IPAc-pl|'|g|u|r|a}} is a [[village]] in the administrative district of [[Gmina Krypno]], within [[Mońki County]], [[Podlaskie Voivodeship]], in north-eastern Poland.{{TERYT}} It lies approximately {{convert|20|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south of [[Mońki]] and {{convert|25|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north-west of the regional capital [[Białystok]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Gmina Krypno}}
[[Category:Villages in Mońki County]]
{{Mońki-geo-stub}}
| 1,288,385,509
|
[{"title": "G\u00f3ra", "data": {"Country": "Poland", "Voivodeship": "Podlaskie", "County": "Mo\u0144ki", "Gmina": "Krypno"}}]
| false
|
# Dairy Shorthorn
The Dairy Shorthorn is a British breed of dairy cattle.: 132 : 59 It derives from the Shorthorn cattle of Teesside, in the North Riding of Yorkshire and in Northumbria (now divided between County Durham and Northumberland) in north-eastern England. The Shorthorn was for this reason at first known as the Durham or Teeswater.
Selective breeding for a dairy type began in the late eighteenth century.: 162 This is known as the Dairy Shorthorn in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and South Africa, and as the Milking Shorthorn in Canada, New Zealand and the United States. The Illawarra Shorthorn of Australia is largely descended from the Dairy Shorthorn.
Worldwide, the conservation status of the Dairy Shorthorn, the Illawarra Shorthorn and the Milking Shorthorn is "not at risk".: 144 In the United Kingdom the small remainder of the breed not affected by indiscriminate cross-breeding in the twentieth century is known as the Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population).: 163 : 132 It is critically endangered. Both it and the Northern Dairy Shorthorn are listed as "priority" – the highest category of risk – on the watchlist of the Rare Breeds Survival Trust.
In the nineteenth century the Durham – as it was then usually known – was very extensively used for cross-breeding in many countries of the world; it has contributed to the development of more than forty different breeds.
## History
Short-horned cattle of good quality are documented on the Yorkshire estates of the Dukes and Earls of Northumberland in the late sixteenth century.: 59 The first significant attempts at selective breeding of these cattle were made by Charles and Robert Colling in County Durham, who based their work on that of Robert Bakewell of Dishley, in Leicestershire.: 59 The principal work of selection for dairy qualities in the Durham/Shorthorn was done in the early nineteenth century by Thomas Bates of Kirklevington (now in Stockton-on-Tees, North Yorkshire), building principally on stock bought from the Colling brothers.: 162 A herd-book for all types of Shorthorn cattle – the Coates Herd Book – was begun by George Coates in 1822,: 59 and initially listed 850 cows and 710 bulls; it was later taken over by the breed society, the Shorthorn Society of Great Britain and Ireland, which was formed in 1874. Thomas Bates's herd was auctioned off piecemeal in 1850, which led to an expansion of interest in cattle of this type.: 163 For the next hundred years the Shorthorn held a dominant position in British agriculture: in 1937–1938, just before the outbreak of the Second World War, the number of Shorthorn bulls registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries was 23 730, not far from double the number of all registered bulls of other cattle breeds (12 917). Breed numbers reached a peak in 1949, after which increasing competition from the Friesian caused them to decline rapidly. The number of registered bulls, already much lower than before the war at about 35% of the national total in 1949, fell to little over 10% in 1960.: 163 Separate sections for beef and dairy strains within the Shorthorn breed were created in 1958.
In 1969 the breed society approved a programme of cross-breeding of the Dairy Shorthorn with a variety of other European breeds. Initially these were the Danish Red, the Meuse-Rhine-Yssel, the Red Friesian, the Red Holstein and the Simmental;: 132 later, introgression from Angeln, Ayrshire, Norwegian Red and Swedish Red-and-White was also permitted, as was the use of any bull that the Society had approved. Animals with no more than 25% Shorthorn heritage could be registered in the Dairy Shorthorn herd-book.: 163 The programme led to the development of a new composite breed, the Blended Red-and-White Shorthorn. It also led to the virtual extinction of the Dairy Shorthorn: by about 2009 there fewer than 100 breeding cows, and by 2012 there were no more than 50; in that year six purebred calves were added to the herd-book. The remnants of the breed were renamed to Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population): 163 : 132 It is a critically endangered breed; both it and the Northern Dairy Shorthorn are listed as "priority" – the highest category of risk – on the watchlist of the Rare Breeds Survival Trust.
## In other countries
Shorthorns of both beef and dairy type were first exported to Maryland and Virginia in the United States in 1783. With further imports through the 1800s the breed spread across the whole country.
The first dairy cows imported into New Zealand were Shorthorns, when in 1814, they were shipped from New South Wales. Shorthorns were used as draught animals in bullock teams, were good milkers and provided good meat. Shorthorn herds were established by the early 1840s, and for a long time Shorthorns were New Zealand's most popular cattle breed.
The breed has served as part of the foundation for other red dairy breeds, including Swedish Red cattle, Angeln cattle and Illawarra cattle in Australia (with some Ayrshire ancestry). The Ayrshire cattle breed was originally formed from dairy-type Shorthorn cattle in Scotland.
The Milking/Dairy Shorthorn breed has seen population growth in several countries in the past decade after many years of population decline. The Canadian Milking Shorthorn Society had their highest registration and membership totals in over 25 years in 2012. All major populations have seen an increase in interest in Milking Shorthorns by dairy producers, artificial insemination organisations, and crossbreeders.
## Characteristics
The Dairy Shorthorn is an average-sized breed, with mature cows averaging 140 cm (55 in) tall at the tailhead, and weighing 640 to 680 kg (1,410 to 1,500 lb). They are red, red with white markings, white, or roan. Red and white coat colour genes in purebred Milking Shorthorns are co-dominant, resulting in the roan coloration and unique colour patterns seen in the breed. Average milk production for the breed is about 7,000 kg (15,000 lb) in an annual lactation of 305 days, with 3.8% butterfat and 3.3% protein.
Milking/Dairy Shorthorn cattle are also known for high levels of fertility, grazing efficiency, and ease of management that result in the breed being highly suitable for low-input dairy operations in various production environments. Milking Shorthorns are known for their durability, longevity, and ease of calving as well as their versatility in a number of production environments.
### Original strains
There are small groups of Milking/Dairy Shorthorns that have not been affected by cross-breeding and so remain true to the conformation and production levels of Shorthorns from the early twentieth century. These include the Dairy Shorthorn population in Australia, the Native Milking Shorthorns of the United States and the Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population) in the United Kingdom. In some countries, these animals may be known as Dual Purpose Shorthorns.
|
enwiki/969670
|
enwiki
| 969,670
|
Dairy Shorthorn
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_Shorthorn
|
2025-06-08T14:10:01Z
|
en
|
Q6858093
| 126,274
|
{{Short description|British breed of dairy cattle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name = Dairy Shorthorn
| image = Dairy Shorthorn cow at Tullamore Show.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A cow at the [[Tullamore Show]] in Ireland
| status = {{ubl|[[FAO]] (2007): not listed{{r|barb|p=120}}|[[DAD-IS]] (2021): critical{{r|dad}}|[[Rare Breeds Survival Trust|RBST]] (2021–2022): priority{{r|rbst3}}}}
| altname = {{ubl|Milking Shorthorn|Durham|Teeswater}}
| country = [[England]]
| distribution =
| standard =
| use =
| weight =
| maleweight =
| femaleweight = 640–680 kg{{r|cabi|p=163}}
| height =
| maleheight =
| femaleheight = average 140 cm{{r|cabi|p=163}}
| skincolour =
| coat = red, red-and-white, roan or white
| horn =
| subspecies = taurus
| note =
}}
[[File:Milking shorthorns.JPG|thumb|Milking Shorthorn cows in Prince Edward Island, Canada]]
The '''Dairy Shorthorn''' is a British [[list of cattle breeds|breed]] of [[dairy cattle]].{{r|felius|p=132|friend|p2=59}} It derives from the [[Shorthorn]] cattle of [[Teesside]], in the [[North Riding of Yorkshire]] and in [[Northumbria]] (now divided between [[County Durham]] and [[Northumberland]]) in north-eastern [[England]].{{r|ssuki}} The Shorthorn was for this reason at first known as the '''Durham''' or '''Teeswater'''.{{r|ssuki}}
Selective breeding for a dairy type began in the late eighteenth century.{{r|cabi|p=162}} This is known as the Dairy Shorthorn in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and South Africa, and as the '''Milking Shorthorn''' in Canada, New Zealand and the United States. The [[Illawarra Shorthorn]] of Australia is largely descended from the Dairy Shorthorn.
Worldwide, the [[conservation status]] of the Dairy Shorthorn, the Illawarra Shorthorn and the Milking Shorthorn is "not at risk".{{r|barb|p=144}} In the United Kingdom the small remainder of the breed not affected by indiscriminate cross-breeding in the twentieth century is known as the '''Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population)'''.{{r|cabi|p=163|felius|p2=132}} It is critically endangered.{{r|dad|rbst}} Both it and the '''Northern Dairy Shorthorn''' are listed as "priority" – the highest category of risk – on the watchlist of the [[Rare Breeds Survival Trust]].{{r|rbst2|rbst3}}
In the nineteenth century the Durham – as it was then usually known – was very extensively used for cross-breeding in many countries of the world; it has contributed to the development of more than forty different breeds.{{r|ssuki}}
== History ==
Short-horned cattle of good quality are documented on the Yorkshire estates of the [[Duke of Northumberland|Dukes]] and [[Earl of Northumberland|Earls of Northumberland]] in the late sixteenth century.{{r|friend|p=59}} The first significant attempts at [[selective breeding]] of these cattle were made by Charles and Robert Colling in [[County Durham]], who based their work on that of [[Robert Bakewell (agriculturalist)|Robert Bakewell]] of [[Dishley Grange|Dishley]], in [[Leicestershire]].{{r|friend|p=59}} The principal work of selection for dairy qualities in the Durham/Shorthorn was done in the early nineteenth century by Thomas Bates of [[Kirklevington]] (now in [[Stockton-on-Tees]], [[North Yorkshire]]),{{r|ssuki}} building principally on stock bought from the Colling brothers.{{r|cabi|p=162}} A [[herd-book]] for all types of Shorthorn cattle – the Coates Herd Book – was begun by George Coates in 1822,{{r|friend|p=59}} and initially listed 850 cows and 710 bulls;{{r|rbst}}{{efn|name=a}} it was later taken over by the [[breed society]], the Shorthorn Society of Great Britain and Ireland, which was formed in 1874.{{r|ssuki}} Thomas Bates's herd was auctioned off piecemeal in 1850, which led to an expansion of interest in cattle of this type.{{r|cabi|p=163}} For the next hundred years the Shorthorn held a dominant position in British agriculture: in 1937–1938, just before the outbreak of the [[Second World War]], the number of Shorthorn bulls registered with the [[Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries]] was {{nowrap|23 730}}, not far from double the number of all registered bulls of other cattle breeds ({{nowrap|12 917}}).{{r|rbst}} Breed numbers reached a peak in 1949, after which increasing competition from the [[Holstein-Friesian|Friesian]] caused them to decline rapidly. The number of registered bulls, already much lower than before the war at about 35% of the national total in 1949, fell to little over 10% in 1960.{{r|cabi|p=163}} Separate sections for beef and dairy strains within the Shorthorn breed were created in 1958.{{r|ssuki}}
In 1969 the breed society approved a programme of [[cross-breeding]] of the Dairy Shorthorn with a variety of other European breeds. Initially these were the [[Danish Red]], the [[Meuse-Rhine-Yssel]], the [[Red Friesian]], the [[Red Holstein]] and the [[Simmental (cattle)|Simmental]];{{r|felius|p=132}} later, introgression from [[Angeln (cattle)|Angeln]], [[Ayrshire (cattle)|Ayrshire]], [[Norwegian Red]] and [[Swedish Red-and-White]] was also permitted, as was the use of any bull that the Society had approved. Animals with no more than 25% Shorthorn heritage could be registered in the Dairy Shorthorn herd-book.{{r|cabi|p=163}} The programme led to the development of a new composite breed, the '''Blended Red-and-White Shorthorn'''. It also led to the virtual extinction of the Dairy Shorthorn: by about 2009 there fewer than 100 breeding cows, and by 2012 there were no more than 50; in that year six purebred calves were added to the herd-book. The remnants of the breed were renamed to Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population){{r|cabi|p=163|felius|p2=132}} It is a [[rare breed|critically endangered]] breed;{{r|dad|rbst}} both it and the '''Northern Dairy Shorthorn''' are listed as "priority" – the highest category of risk – on the watchlist of the [[Rare Breeds Survival Trust]].{{r|rbst2|rbst3}}
== In other countries ==
Shorthorns of both beef and dairy type were first exported to [[Maryland]] and [[Virginia]] in the United States in 1783.<ref>[http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/milkingshorthorn/index.htm Oklahoma State University breed profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426211653/http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/milkingshorthorn/index.htm |date=26 April 2008 }}</ref> With further imports through the 1800s the breed spread across the whole country.
The first dairy cows imported into New Zealand were Shorthorns, when in 1814, they were shipped from New South Wales. Shorthorns were used as draught animals in bullock teams, were good milkers and provided good meat.<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/TheSettledLandscape/AnimalFarming/DairyingAndDairyProducts/1/en Beginnings of New Zealand’s dairy industry] Retrieved 7 February 2009</ref> Shorthorn herds were established by the early 1840s, and for a long time Shorthorns were New Zealand's most popular cattle breed.
The breed has served as part of the foundation for other red dairy breeds, including [[Swedish Red-and-White|Swedish Red cattle]], [[Angeln]] cattle and [[Illawarra cattle]] in Australia (with some Ayrshire ancestry). The [[Ayrshire cattle]] breed was originally formed from dairy-type Shorthorn cattle in Scotland.
The Milking/Dairy Shorthorn breed has seen population growth in several countries in the past decade after many years of population decline. The Canadian Milking Shorthorn Society had their highest registration and membership totals in over 25 years in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://issuu.com/cmss/docs/cmss_improver_2013|title=CMSS Improver 2013 by Ryan Barrett - Issuu}}</ref> All major populations have seen an increase in interest in Milking Shorthorns by dairy producers, artificial insemination organisations, and crossbreeders.
== Characteristics ==
The Dairy Shorthorn is an average-sized breed, with mature cows averaging {{Convert|140|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall at the [[Rump (croup)|tailhead]], and weighing {{Convert|640|to|680|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. They are red, red with white markings, white, or roan. Red and white coat colour genes in purebred Milking Shorthorns are co-dominant, resulting in the roan coloration and unique colour patterns seen in the breed. Average milk production for the breed is about {{Convert|7000|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in an annual lactation of 305 days, with 3.8% butterfat and 3.3% protein.
Milking/Dairy Shorthorn cattle are also known for high levels of fertility, grazing efficiency, and ease of management that result in the breed being highly suitable for low-input dairy operations in various production environments.<ref>http://www.cmss.on.ca {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224031249/http://cmss.on.ca/ |date=24 February 2018 }} Canadian Milking Shorthorn Society web site</ref> Milking Shorthorns are known for their durability, longevity, and ease of calving as well as their versatility in a number of production environments.
=== Original strains ===<!-- A template links here. When changing or deleting section title, please add {{anchor|Original strains}} according to Template:Anchor -->
There are small groups of Milking/Dairy Shorthorns that have not been affected by cross-breeding and so remain true to the conformation and production levels of Shorthorns from the early twentieth century. These include the Dairy Shorthorn population in Australia,<ref>[[FAO]], [[DAD-IS]]: “[http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=bb757fae9abf0ec06c95f695b69330fc,reportsreport8a_50000505 Dairy Shorthorn/Australia]”. Accessed 15 August 2016.</ref> the Native Milking Shorthorns of the United States<ref>[[The Livestock Conservancy]]: “[https://livestockconservancy.org/index.php/heritage/internal/milking-shorthorn Milking Shorthorn - Native] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801210208/https://www.livestockconservancy.org/index.php/heritage/internal/milking-shorthorn |date=1 August 2021 }}”. Accessed 15 August 2016.</ref> and the Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population) in the United Kingdom.{{r|rbst}} In some countries, these animals may be known as Dual Purpose Shorthorns.
== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=a|It is sometimes claimed that this is the "oldest" or "first" cattle herd-book; elsewhere it is suggested that the first cattle herd-book is that kept for the [[Braunvieh]] by the monks of the [[Monastery of Einsiedeln]] in Switzerland from 1775 to 1782.{{r|felius2|p=718}} }}
}}
== References ==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist|45em|refs=
<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>
<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.</ref>
<ref name=dad>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.web.app/?country=GBR&specie=Cattle&breed=Dairy%20Shorthorn%20(Original%20Population)&lang=en Breed data sheet: Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population) / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2021.</ref>
<ref name=felius>Marleen Felius (1995). [https://books.google.com/books?id=iXImAQAAMAAJ ''Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia'']. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. {{ISBN|9789054390176}}.</ref>
<ref name=felius2>Marleen Felius, Marie-Louise Beerling, David S. Buchanan, Bert Theunissen, Peter A. Koolmees and Johannes A. Lenstra (2014). [http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/6/4/705/pdf On the History of Cattle Genetic Resources]. ''Diversity'' '''6''' (4): 705–750. {{doi|10.3390/d6040705|doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name=friend>John B. Friend (1978). [https://archive.org/details/cattleofworld00frie/ ''Cattle of the World'']. Poole, Dorset: Blandford Press. {{isbn|0713708565}}.</ref>
<ref name=rbst>[https://www.rbst.org.uk/dairy-shorthorn-original-population Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population)]. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed November 2021.</ref>
<ref name=rbst2>[https://www.rbst.org.uk/northern-dairy-shorthorn2 Northern Dairy Shorthorn]. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed November 2021.</ref>
<ref name=rbst3>[https://www.rbst.org.uk/watchlist-overview Watchlist overview]. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed November 2021.</ref>
<ref name=ssuki>[http://shorthorn.co.uk/the-breed/ History of the Shorthorn Breed]. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: The Shorthorn Society of United Kingdom and Ireland. Accessed 20 November 2021.</ref>
}}
==External links==
*[http://www.milkingshorthorn.com American Milking Shorthorn Society]
*[http://www.cmss.on.ca Canadian Milking Shorthorn Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224031249/http://cmss.on.ca/ |date=24 February 2018 }}
*[http://www.milkingshorthorn.co.nz NZ Milking Shorthorn Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804184655/http://www.milkingshorthorn.co.nz/ |date=4 August 2019 }}
{{British livestock|R.}}
{{North American heritage cattle}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in England]]
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in the United Kingdom|England]]
[[Category:Dairy cattle breeds]]
| 1,294,570,342
|
[{"title": "Dairy Shorthorn", "data": {"Conservation status": "- FAO (2007): not listed: 120 - DAD-IS (2021): critical - RBST (2021\u20132022): priority", "Other names": "- Milking Shorthorn - Durham - Teeswater", "Country of origin": "England"}}, {"title": "Traits", "data": {"Weight": "- Female: 640\u2013680 kg: 163", "Height": "- Female: average 140 cm: 163", "Coat": "red, red-and-white, roan or white"}}]
| false
|
# Sobarocephala flava
Sobarocephala flava is a species of fly in the family Clusiidae. This species was first described in 1924 by Axel Leonard Melander and Naomi George Argo.
|
enwiki/57238444
|
enwiki
| 57,238,444
|
Sobarocephala flava
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobarocephala_flava
|
2024-01-29T23:23:42Z
|
en
|
Q13905820
| 41,522
|
{{Short description|Species of fly}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Druid fly (Sobarocephala flava) grooming.webm
| genus = Sobarocephala
| species = flava
| authority = [[Axel Leonard Melander|Melander]] & [[Naomi George Argo|Argo]], 1924
| synonyms = {{Species list
| Sobarocephala populi | Steyskal, 1951
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=itis/>
}}
'''''Sobarocephala flava''''' is a species of [[fly]] in the family [[Clusiidae]].<ref name=itis>{{Cite web| title=''Sobarocephala flava'' Report| url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=143321| website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System| access-date=2019-09-23}}</ref><ref name=gbif>{{Cite web| title=''Sobarocephala flava''| url=https://www.gbif.org/species/1550647| website=GBIF| access-date=2019-09-23}}</ref><ref name=buglink>{{Cite web| title=''Sobarocephala flava'' species Information| url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/584417| website=BugGuide.net| access-date=2019-09-23}}</ref> This species was first described in 1924 by [[Axel Leonard Melander]] and [[Naomi George Argo]].<ref name=MelanderArgo1924>{{Cite Q|Q56208714|pages=40}}</ref>
==References==
{{Commons}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q13905820}}
[[Category:Clusiidae]]
[[Category:Articles created by Qbugbot]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1924]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Axel Leonard Melander]]
{{Opomyzoidea-stub}}
| 1,200,637,274
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Diptera", "Family": "Clusiidae", "Genus": "Sobarocephala", "Species": "S. flava"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Sobarocephala flava \u00b7 Melander & Argo, 1924"}}, {"title": "Synonyms", "data": {"Synonyms": "- Sobarocephala populi Steyskal, 1951"}}]
| false
|
# Robert E. Newnham
Robert E. Newnham, also known as Bob Newnham, (28 March 1929 – 16 April 2009) was an American academic and writer who was a Alcoa Professor Emeritus of Solid State Science at the Pennsylvania State University. He is known for his contributions in the field of ferroelectrics.
## Biography
Newnham was born on 28 March 1929 in Amsterdam, New York, United States. He married with Patricia Friss Newnham and they have two children.
Newnham completed his bachelor's of science degree in mathematics in 1950 at Hartwick College and master's of science degree in physics at Colorado State University in 1952. For further study, he went to Penn State University and did a Ph.D. in physics and mineralogy in 1956, where he studied under George W. Brindley. Newnham went to Cambridge University for a second Ph.D. in crystallography in 1960, supervised by Helen Megaw.
Robert E. Newnham Ferroelectrics Award, awarded by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, is named after him.
In April 2009, he died at the age of 80.
## Awards and honors
- Jeppson Medal[4]
- E.C. Henry Award[4]
- Bleininger Award[4]
- W. David Kingery Award of the American Ceramic Society[4]
- Ultrasonics Achievement Award of the IEEE[4]
- Centennial Award of the Japan Ceramics Society[4]
- Adaptive Structures Prize of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers[4]
- Benjamin Franklin Medal for Electrical Engineering from the Franklin Institute (2004)[5]
- Basic Research Award of the World Academy of Ceramics[4]
|
enwiki/70199165
|
enwiki
| 70,199,165
|
Robert E. Newnham
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Newnham
|
2025-05-28T01:03:44Z
|
en
|
Q59631527
| 39,241
|
{{Short description|American academic and writer}}
'''Robert E. Newnham''', also known as '''Bob Newnham''', (28 March 1929 – 16 April 2009) was an American [[academic]] and writer who was a Alcoa Professor Emeritus of Solid State Science at the [[Pennsylvania State University]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book|url=https://www.nap.edu/read/12884/chapter/44|title=Read "Memorial Tributes: Volume 14" at NAP.edu|website=Nap.edu|date=2011 |doi=10.17226/12884 |isbn=978-0-309-15218-1 }}</ref> He is known for his contributions in the field of [[ferroelectrics]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00150190600854357|title=Tribute to Professor Robert E. Newnham|first=George W.|last=Taylor|date=March 1, 2006|journal=Ferroelectrics|volume=331|issue=1|page=7|doi=10.1080/00150190600854357|bibcode=2006Fer...331....7T |s2cid=119822043 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
== Biography ==
Newnham was born on 28 March 1929 in [[Amsterdam, New York]], United States.<ref name="auto1"/> He married with Patricia Friss Newnham and they have two children.<ref name="auto1"/>
Newnham completed his bachelor's of science degree in mathematics in 1950 at [[Hartwick College]] and master's of science degree in physics at [[Colorado State University]] in 1952.<ref name="auto1"/> For further study, he went to [[Penn State University]] and did a Ph.D. in physics and mineralogy in 1956, where he studied under [[George W. Brindley]]. Newnham went to [[Cambridge University]] for a second Ph.D. in crystallography in 1960, supervised by [[Helen Megaw]].<ref name="auto1"/>
Robert E. Newnham Ferroelectrics Award, awarded by the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]], is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rug.nl/fse/news/ieee-robert-e-newnham-ferroelectrics-award-for-prof-beatriz-noheda/ |title=IEEE Robert e. Newnham Ferroelectrics Award for Prof. Beatriz Noheda | Faculty of Science and Engineering | University of Groningen |access-date=2022-03-01 |archive-date=2022-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301212359/https://www.rug.nl/fse/news/ieee-robert-e-newnham-ferroelectrics-award-for-prof-beatriz-noheda |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In April 2009, he died at the age of 80.<ref name="auto1"/>
== Awards and honors ==
* Jeppson Medal<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://ceramics.org/memoriam/robert-newnham|title=Robert Newnham (1929-2009)|website=The American Ceramic Society}}</ref>
* E.C. Henry Award<ref name="auto"/>
* Bleininger Award<ref name="auto"/>
* [[W. David Kingery Award]] of the American Ceramic Society<ref name="auto"/>
* Ultrasonics Achievement Award of the IEEE<ref name="auto"/>
* Centennial Award of the Japan Ceramics Society<ref name="auto"/>
* Adaptive Structures Prize of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers<ref name="auto"/>
* Benjamin Franklin Medal for Electrical Engineering from the [[Franklin Institute]] (2004)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fi.edu/laureates/robert-e-newnham|title=Robert E. Newnham|date=15 January 2014|website=Fi.edu|access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref>
* Basic Research Award of the World Academy of Ceramics<ref name="auto"/>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Newnham, Robert E}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania State University faculty]]
[[Category:Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania State University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Hartwick College alumni]]
[[Category:Colorado State University alumni]]
[[Category:Presidents of the American Crystallographic Association]]
| 1,292,632,540
|
[]
| false
|
# Jesus predicts his betrayal
Jesus predicts his betrayal three times in the New Testament, a narrative which is included in all four Canonical Gospels. This prediction takes place during the Last Supper in Matthew 26:24–25, Mark 14:18–21, Luke 22:21–23, and John 13:21–30.
Before that, in John 6:70, Jesus warns his disciples that one among them is "a devil". In the next verse, the author affirms that Jesus is talking about Judas Iscariot.
## Biblical narrative
In the Gospel of John, the prediction is preceded by the assertion in 13:17–18 that Jesus knew that Judas Iscariot would betray him: "If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them. I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled: He who eats my bread lifted up his heel against me." The blessing in John 13:17 is thus not directed at the Iscariot.
In Matthew 26:23–25, Jesus confirms the identity of the traitor:
"The Son of Man goes, even as it is written of him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for that man if he had not been born." Judas, who betrayed him, answered: "It isn't me, is it, Rabbi?" He said to him: "You said it."
The attribution of the title Rabbi to Jesus by the Iscariot in this episode is unique to him, for one after another the other Apostles say "Surely it is not I, Lord", using the Lord (Kyrios) title. The Iscariot again calls Jesus Rabbi in Matthew 26:49 when he betrays him to the Sanhedrin in the Kiss of Judas episode.
## In popular culture
Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper depicts the precise moment following Jesus's dinner prediction. According to art historian Helen Gardner, this artwork is the most reproduced religious painting of all time.
|
enwiki/31518049
|
enwiki
| 31,518,049
|
Jesus predicts his betrayal
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_predicts_his_betrayal
|
2025-05-16T22:52:27Z
|
en
|
Q1152029
| 27,195
|
{{Short description|Christian biblical narrative}}
[[File:Vitrail Cathédrale de Moulins 160609 59.jpg|thumb|240px|Detail of [[stained glass]] window depicting [[Judas Iscariot]] turning away from the [[Last Supper]], [[Moulins Cathedral]], France]]
'''Jesus predicts his betrayal''' three times in the [[New Testament]], a narrative which is included in all four [[Canonical Gospel]]s.<ref name=Cox >Steven L. Cox, Kendell H. Easley, 2007 ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QjmwuFUksOQC Harmony of the Gospels]'' {{ISBN|0-8054-9444-8}} page 182</ref> This prediction takes place during the [[Last Supper]] in [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#26:24|Matthew 26:24–25]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#14:18|Mark 14:18–21]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#22:21|Luke 22:21–23]], and [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#13:21|John 13:21–30]].<ref name=Cox />
Before that, in [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#6|John 6:70]], Jesus warns his disciples that one among them is ''"a devil"''. In the next verse, the author affirms that Jesus is talking about [[Judas Iscariot]].
== Biblical narrative ==
In the [[Gospel of John]], the prediction is preceded by the assertion in [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#13:17|13:17–18]] that [[Jesus]] knew that [[Judas Iscariot]] would betray him: "If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them. I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled: He who eats my bread lifted up his heel against me."<ref name= Craig122 >[[Craig A. Evans]] 2005 ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=UzWD61mgp7EC The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John's Gospel, Hebrews-Revelation]'' {{ISBN|0-7814-4228-1}} page 122</ref> The blessing in [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#13:17|John 13:17]] is thus not directed at the Iscariot.<ref name= Craig122 />
In [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#26:23|Matthew 26:23–25]], Jesus confirms the identity of the traitor:
<blockquote>"The Son of Man goes, even as it is written of him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for that man if he had not been born." Judas, who betrayed him, answered: "It isn't me, is it, Rabbi?" He said to him: "You said it."</blockquote>
The [[Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament|attribution of the title Rabbi]] to Jesus by the Iscariot in this episode is unique to him, for one after another the other Apostles say "Surely it is not I, Lord", using the Lord ([[Kyrios]]) title.<ref name=Anthony >Anthony Cane 2005 ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=P2hx1FCnNEYC The Place of Judas Iscariot in Christology]'' {{ISBN|0-7546-5284-X}} page 35</ref> The Iscariot again calls Jesus Rabbi in [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#26:49|Matthew 26:49]] when he betrays him to the [[Sanhedrin]] in the [[Kiss of Judas]] episode.<ref name=Anthony />
[[File:The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16.jpg|thumb|upright=2|''[[The Last Supper (Leonardo)|The Last Supper]]'' by [[Leonardo da Vinci]]]]
==In popular culture==
[[Italian Renaissance]] artist [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[The Last Supper (Leonardo)|The Last Supper]]'' depicts the precise moment following Jesus's dinner prediction.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bianchini|first=Riccardo|date=2021-03-24|title=The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci – Santa Maria delle Grazie – Milan|url=https://www.inexhibit.com/mymuseum/last-supper-leonardo-da-vinci-santa-maria-delle-grazie-milan/|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-10-19|website=Inexhibit|archive-date=2021-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019170245/https://www.inexhibit.com/mymuseum/last-supper-leonardo-da-vinci-santa-maria-delle-grazie-milan/}}</ref> According to art historian [[Helen Gardner (art historian)|Helen Gardner]], this artwork is the most reproduced religious painting of all time.<ref name="HG">{{cite book|last=Gardner|first=Helen|url=https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthro000gard|title=Art through the Ages|publisher=New York, Harcourt, Brace & World|year=1970|isbn=9780155037526|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthro000gard/page/450 450]–56|url-access=registration}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Bargain of Judas]]
* [[Gospel harmony]]
* [[Jesus predicts his death]]
* [[Life of Jesus in the New Testament]]
* [[Thirty pieces of silver]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Last Supper]]
| 1,290,767,748
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[]
| false
|
# Frederick Suppe
Frederick Suppe (/sʌp/; born 1940 in Los Angeles, California) is an American philosopher who is a professor Emeritus of philosophy at the University of Maryland. He has prominent work in the philosophy of science including much work with the semantic view of theories.
## Biography
Suppe received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan and has research interests in the philosophy of science, epistemology and metaphysics, philosophical theology and philosophy of gender.
In 2000 he moved to Texas Tech University where he became chair of the philosophy department. In 2002 he moved to the department of Classical and Modern Languages and Literatures where he was chair from 2002 to 2010. He is currently Professor of Classics, stationed at the Texas Tech Center in Seville, Spain, which he helped develop.
His works on the semantic view of theories include Suppe, Frederick, ed. (1974), The Structure of Scientific Theories and (1989), The Semantic Conception of Theories and Scientific Realism.
|
enwiki/12831077
|
enwiki
| 12,831,077
|
Frederick Suppe
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Suppe
|
2025-06-28T03:45:59Z
|
en
|
Q1453014
| 37,793
|
{{short description|American philosopher}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=June 2018}}
'''Frederick Suppe''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ʌ|p}}; born 1940 in [[Los Angeles, California]]){{citation needed|date=June 2018}} is an American philosopher who is a [[professor Emeritus]] of [[philosophy]] at the [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]]. He has prominent work in the [[philosophy of science]] including much work with the [[semantic view of theories]].
==Biography==
Suppe received his Ph.D. from the [[University of Michigan]] and has research interests in the philosophy of science, [[epistemology]] and [[metaphysics]], [[philosophical theology]] and [[philosophy of gender]].
In 2000 he moved to [[Texas Tech University]] where he became chair of the philosophy department. In 2002 he moved to the department of Classical and Modern Languages and Literatures where he was chair from 2002 to 2010. He is currently Professor of Classics, stationed at the [[Texas Tech Center]] in [[Seville, Spain]], which he helped develop.
His works on the semantic view of theories include Suppe, Frederick, ed. (1974), ''The Structure of Scientific Theories''<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Suppe|editor-first1=Frederick|year=1977|orig-year=1974|title=The Structure of Scientific Theories|location=Urbana|publisher=University of Illinois Press}}</ref> and (1989), ''The Semantic Conception of Theories and Scientific Realism''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Suppe|first1=Frederick|year=1989|title=The Semantic Conception of Theories and Scientific Realism|location=Urbana|publisher=University of Illinois Press}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[American philosophy]]
*[[List of American philosophers]]
*[[Structuralism (philosophy of science)|Scientific structuralism]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Suppe, Frederick}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:20th-century American philosophers]]
[[Category:Christian philosophers]]
[[Category:American philosophers of science]]
[[Category:University of Michigan alumni]]
[[Category:Texas Tech University faculty]]
[[Category:University of Maryland, College Park faculty]]
[[Category:People from Los Angeles]]
{{US-philosopher-stub}}
{{Christian-philosopher-stub}}
| 1,297,728,968
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[]
| false
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# Apatelodes firmiana
Apatelodes firmiana is a moth in the family Apatelodidae first described by Caspar Stoll in 1782. It is found from Mexico to Guyana
|
enwiki/42442745
|
enwiki
| 42,442,745
|
Apatelodes firmiana
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apatelodes_firmiana
|
2024-02-22T22:59:53Z
|
en
|
Q16829248
| 29,282
|
{{Short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Sepp-Surinaamsche vlinders - pl 136 plate Apatelodes firmiana (cropped).jpg
| image_caption =
| taxon = Apatelodes firmiana
| authority = ([[Caspar Stoll|Stoll]], [1782])
| synonyms = *''Phalaena firmiana'' <small>Stoll, [1782]</small>
}}
'''''Apatelodes firmiana''''' is a [[moth]] in the family [[Apatelodidae]] first described by [[Caspar Stoll]] in 1782. It is found from [[Mexico]] to [[Guyana]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/bombycoidea/apatelodidae/apatelodinae/apatelodes/#firmiana |title=''Apatelodes firmiana'' (Stoll, [1782]) |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/bulletinofmuseum90harv/bulletinofmuseum90harv_djvu.txt ''Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College'']</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite web |last1=Pitkin |first1=Brian |last2=Jenkins |first2=Paul |name-list-style=amp|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/butmoth/search/GenusList3.dsml?&FAMILY=Arctiidae&sort=GENUS |title=Search results Family: Arctiidae |website=Butterflies and Moths of the World |publisher=Natural History Museum, London}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q16829248}}
[[Category:Apatelodidae]]
[[Category:Moths described in 1782]]
{{Apatelodes-stub}}
| 1,209,647,750
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Lepidoptera", "Family": "Apatelodidae", "Genus": "Apatelodes", "Species": "A. firmiana"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Apatelodes firmiana \u00b7 (Stoll, [1782])"}}, {"title": "Synonyms", "data": {"Synonyms": "- Phalaena firmiana Stoll, [1782]"}}]
| false
|
# 1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
A presidential election was held in Pennsylvania on October 30, 1840 as part of the 1840 United States presidential election. Voters chose 30 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.
Pennsylvania voted for Whig challenger William Henry Harrison over Democratic incumbent Martin Van Buren by just 334 votes, a margin of 0.12%. It is the narrowest margin of victory in a presidential election in Pennsylvania history, with Donald Trump's 2016 win following close behind at 0.72%.
## Results
| 1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania | 1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania | 1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania | 1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania | 1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania | 1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania |
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| | Whig | William Henry Harrison | 144,010 | 49.99% | 30 |
| | Democratic | Martin Van Buren (incumbent) | 143,676 | 49.89% | 0 |
| | Liberty | James G. Birney | 340 | 0.12% | 0 |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | 288,026 | 100.0% | 30 |
|
enwiki/36632613
|
enwiki
| 36,632,613
|
1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania
|
2025-06-08T05:33:35Z
|
en
|
Q7893023
| 218,113
|
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Main|1840 United States presidential election}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
| country = Pennsylvania
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1836 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
| previous_year = 1836
| next_election = 1844 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
| next_year = 1844
| election_date = October 30, 1840
| image_size = x200px
| image1 = William Henry Harrison crop.jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[William Henry Harrison]]'''
| party1 = Whig Party (United States)
| home_state1 = [[Ohio]]
| running_mate1 = '''[[John Tyler]]'''
| electoral_vote1 = '''30'''
| popular_vote1 = '''144,010'''
| percentage1 = '''49.99%'''
| image2 = Martin Van Buren circa 1837 crop.jpg
| nominee2 = [[Martin Van Buren]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| home_state2 = [[New York (state)|New York]]
| running_mate2 = ''none''
| electoral_vote2 = 0
| popular_vote2 = 143,676
| percentage2 = 49.88%
| map_image = Pennsylvania Presidential Election Results 1840.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = County Results
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
'''Harrison'''
{{legend|#FED463|50–60%}}{{legend|#FE9929|60–70%}}{{legend|#ec7014|70–80%}}
{{col-2}}
'''Van Buren'''
{{legend|#86B6F2|50–60%}}{{legend|#4389E3|60–70%}}{{legend|#1666CB|70–80%}}{{legend|#0645B4|80–90%}}
{{col-end}}
| title = President
| before_election = [[Martin Van Buren]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[William Henry Harrison]]
| after_party = Whig Party (United States)
| outgoing_members = [[1840 United States presidential election in Ohio|OH]]
| elected_members = [[1840 United States presidential election in Arkansas|AR]]
}}
{{Elections in Pennsylvania sidebar}}
A [[United States presidential election|presidential election]] was held in [[Pennsylvania]] on October 30, 1840 as part of the [[1840 United States presidential election]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dubin |first1=Michael J. |title=United States Presidential Elections, 1788–1860: The Official Results by County and State |date=2002 |publisher=McFarland & Co. |location=Jefferson, NC |page=xvi}}</ref> Voters chose 30 representatives, or electors to the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]], who voted for [[President of the United States|President]] and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]].
[[Pennsylvania]] voted for [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] challenger [[William Henry Harrison]] over [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] incumbent [[Martin Van Buren]] by just 334 votes, a margin of 0.12%. It is the narrowest margin of victory in a presidential election in Pennsylvania history, with [[Donald Trump]]'s [[2016 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|2016]] win following close behind at 0.72%.
==Results==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="6" | 1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania<ref name=results>{{cite web|title=1840 Presidential General Election Results - Pennsylvania|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1840&fips=42&f=1&off=0&elect=0&minper=0|publisher=U.S. Election Atlas|access-date=4 August 2012}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party
! style="width: 17em" |Candidate
! style="width: 5em" |Votes
! style="width: 7em" |Percentage
! style="width: 5em" |Electoral votes
|-
! style="background-color:#E3FF2A; width: 3px" |
| style="width: 130px" | '''[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]'''
| '''[[William Henry Harrison]]'''
| align="right" | '''144,010'''
| align="right" | '''49.99%'''
| align="right" | '''30'''
|-
! style="background-color:#3333FF; width: 3px" |
| style="width: 130px" | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| [[Martin Van Buren]] (incumbent)
| align="right" | 143,676
| align="right" | 49.89%
| align="right" | 0
|-
! style="background-color:#CCCC66; width: 3px" |
| style="width: 130px" | [[Liberty Party (United States, 1840)|Liberty]]
| [[James G. Birney]]
| align="right" | 340
| align="right" | 0.12%
| align="right" | 0
|-
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| colspan="3" align="right" | '''Totals'''
| align="right" | '''288,026'''
| align="right" | '''100.0%'''
| align="right" | '''30'''
|-
|}
==See also==
* [[List of United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{State Results of the 1840 U.S. presidential election}}
[[Category:1840 United States presidential election by state|Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania|1840]]
[[Category:1840 Pennsylvania elections]]
{{Pennsylvania-election-stub}}
| 1,294,517,813
|
[{"title": "1840 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania", "data": {"\u2190 1836": "October 30, 1840 \u00b7 1844 \u2192", "Nominee": "William Henry Harrison \u00b7 Martin Van Buren", "Party": "Whig \u00b7 Democratic", "Home state": "Ohio \u00b7 New York", "Running mate": "John Tyler \u00b7 none", "Electoral vote": "30 \u00b7 0", "Popular vote": "144,010 \u00b7 143,676", "Percentage": "49.99% \u00b7 49.88%", "Harrison 50\u201360% 60\u201370% 70\u201380%": "Van Buren 50\u201360% 60\u201370% 70\u201380% 80\u201390%", "President before election \u00b7 Martin Van Buren \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected President \u00b7 William Henry Harrison \u00b7 Whig"}}]
| false
|
# Center for Retirement Research at Boston College
| Type | Research center |
| Established | 1998 |
| Location | Boston College, Haley House Chestnut Hill, MA, USA |
| Director | Andrew D. Eschtruth |
| Board of Advisors | Stuart Altman, Brandeis University, Barbara Bovbjerg, Government Accountability Office, Peter Diamond, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, J. Mark Iwry, Brookings Institution, Michael Orszag, Towers Watson, Angela O'Rand, Duke University |
| Website | https://crr.bc.edu/ |
The Center for Retirement Research at Boston College (CRR) was founded in 1998 by Alicia Munnell through a grant from the U.S. Social Security Administration. The center is a non-profit research institute, affiliated with the Carroll School of Management at Boston College. All of the CRR's research and publications are available to the public on its website.
The center sponsors multiple research projects and disseminates the findings, trains new scholars, and provides access to data on retirement.
## Dissemination and publications
The Center distributes its research findings to an audience of government, corporate and labor leaders, the media, and the general public through a variety of publications.
- Issues in Brief:[11] – analyses of topical issues.
- Working Papers:[12] – in-depth review of research issues.
- Squared Away Blog:[13] – blog on financial behavior and money culture.
- Special Projects:[14] – initiatives that go beyond the scope of the center's standard research studies. The most recent special projects include: Public Plans Data website,[15] the National Retirement Risk Index,[16] Measuring and Mitigating Retirement Risks,[17] Closing the Coverage Gap,[18]The Social Security Claiming Guide,[19] and The Social Security Fix-It Book.[20]
|
enwiki/36188621
|
enwiki
| 36,188,621
|
Center for Retirement Research at Boston College
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Retirement_Research_at_Boston_College
|
2025-04-30T14:58:15Z
|
en
|
Q5059863
| 70,323
|
<div style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 2em; width: 27em; text-align: right; font-size: 0.86em; "><!-- start of floated right section -->
<div style="border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;"><!-- start of slate grey box -->
{| style="text-align:left; table-layout:auto; border-collapse:collapse; padding:0; font-size:100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
! style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; margin: 0 0 1em 2em; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Type
| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | [[Research center]]
|-
! style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Established
| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | 1998
|-
! style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Location
| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | Boston College, Haley House [[Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts|Chestnut Hill, MA, USA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crr.bc.edu/about-us/ |title=About Us |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2025-04-15}}</ref>
|-
! style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Director
| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | Andrew D. Eschtruth<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crr.bc.edu/person/andrew-d-eschtruth// |title=Andrew D. Eschtruth |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College|accessdate=2025-04-15}}</ref>
|-
! style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Board of Advisors
| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | [[Stuart Altman]], [[Brandeis University]], Barbara Bovbjerg, [[Government Accountability Office]], [[Peter Diamond]], [[MIT|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], J. Mark Iwry, [[The Brookings Institution|Brookings Institution]], Michael Orszag, [[Towers Watson]], Angela O'Rand, [[Duke University]]
|-
! style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Website
| style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | [http://crr.bc.edu/ https://crr.bc.edu/]
|-
|}
</div><!-- end of slate box -->
</div><!-- end of floated right section; article starts here -->
[[File:Haley House at Boston College.png|thumb|Haley House, Boston College is the center's location.]]
The '''Center for Retirement Research at [[Boston College]]''' (CRR) was founded in 1998 by [[Alicia Munnell]] through a grant from the U.S. Social Security Administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crr.bc.edu/sponsor/u-s-social-security-administration-retirement-and-disability-research-consortium/|title= U.S. Social Security Administration |publisher=Center for Retirement research at Boston College|accessdate=2025-04-15}}</ref> The center is a non-profit research institute, affiliated with the [[Carroll School of Management]] at Boston College.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bc.edu/schools/csom/research.html |title=CSOM - Research centers and forums |publisher=Bc.edu |date=2010-08-27 |accessdate=2012-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008171603/http://www.bc.edu/schools/csom/research.html |archive-date=2012-10-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> All of the CRR's research and publications are available to the public on its website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crr.bc.edu/ |title=The Center for Retirement Research |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref>
The center sponsors multiple research projects and disseminates the findings, trains new scholars, and provides access to data on [[retirement]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Farrell |first=Chris |url=http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/jan2011/pi20110110_369336.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114132752/http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/jan2011/pi20110110_369336.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 14, 2011 |title=Rethinking the Public-Pension Punching Bag |publisher=Business Week |date=2011-01-11 |accessdate=2012-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/01/01/132490242/boomers-take-the-retire-out-of-retirement |title=Boomers Take The 'Retire' Out Of Retirement |publisher=NPR |date=2011-01-01 |accessdate=2012-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=E.S. Browning |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703959604576152792748707356 |title=Boomers Find 401(k) Plans Come Up Short|work=The Wall Street Journal |date=2011-02-19 |accessdate=2012-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Pear |first=Robert |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/health/policy/22care.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss |title=Long Term Care Program Needs Change |work=New York Times |date=2011-02-21 |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Greenhouse |first=Steven |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/business/retirementspecial/03SOCIAL.html?pagewanted=all |title=Making the Most of Less |work=New York Times |date=2011-03-02 |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref>
==Dissemination and publications==
The Center distributes its research findings to an audience of government, corporate and labor leaders, the media, and the general public through a variety of publications.
* Issues in Brief:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crr.bc.edu/category/briefs/ |title=Issues in Brief |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref> – analyses of topical issues.
* Working Papers:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crr.bc.edu/category/working-papers/ |title=Working Papers |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref> – in-depth review of research issues.
* Squared Away Blog:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crr.bc.edu/publication-type/squared-away-blog/|title=Squared Away Blog |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2025-04-30}}</ref> – blog on financial behavior and money culture.
* Special Projects:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crr.bc.edu/special-projects/ |title=Special Projects |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref> – initiatives that go beyond the scope of the center's standard research studies. The most recent special projects include: Public Plans Data website,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publicplansdata.org/ |title=Public Plans Data Home |publisher=Public Plans Data |accessdate=2018-12-07}}</ref> the National Retirement Risk Index,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crr.bc.edu/special-projects/national-retirement-risk-index/ |title=National Retirement Risk Index |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref> Measuring and Mitigating Retirement Risks,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crr.bc.edu/project-page/measuring-and-mitigating-retirement-risks/ |title=Measuring and Mitigating Retirement Risks |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2025-04-30}}</ref> Closing the Coverage Gap,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crr.bc.edu/project-page/closing-the-coverage-gap/ |title=Closing the Coverage Gap |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2025-04-30}}</ref>The Social Security Claiming Guide,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crr.bc.edu/special-projects/books/the-social-security-claiming-guide/ |title=The Social Security Claiming Guide |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref> and The Social Security Fix-It Book.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crr.bc.edu/special-projects/books/the-social-security-fix-it-book/ |title=The Social Security Fix-It Book |publisher=Center for Retirement Research at Boston College |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Coord|42.332327|-71.171591|display=title}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Boston College]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Retirement in the United States]]
| 1,288,114,737
|
[]
| false
|
# Lotus germanicus
Lotus germanicus is a species of plant in the genus Lotus native to Central and Southeastern Europe.
## Description
This species is a perennial subshrub. This species is identified by cream white flowers, in large full-moon bunches, atop semi hairy long leaves.
## Conservation status
This species is considered Not Threatened by the Kew database.
|
enwiki/77648211
|
enwiki
| 77,648,211
|
Lotus germanicus
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_germanicus
|
2025-04-14T04:02:04Z
|
en
|
Q92654798
| 39,975
|
{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Lotus_germanicus,_Weiden_an_der_March,_Austria.jpg
|image_caption =
|genus = Lotus
|species = germanicus
|authority = (Gremli) Peruzzi
}}
'''''Lotus germanicus''''' is a species of plant in the genus ''[[Lotus (genus)|Lotus]]'' native to Central and Southeastern [[Europe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lotus germanicus (Gremli) Peruzzi {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77110166-1 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ACIR Community |url=https://acir.aphis.usda.gov/s/cird-taxon/a0u3d000000Do0kAAC/lotus-germanicus |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=acir.aphis.usda.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lotus germanicus (Gremli) Peruzzi GRIN-Global |url=https://genebank.ilri.org/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=477749 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=genebank.ilri.org}}</ref>
==Description==
This species is a perennial [[subshrub]]. This species is identified by cream white flowers, in large full-moon bunches, atop semi hairy long leaves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Data - Legume Data Portal |url=https://www.legumedata.org/data/?entity=3455962981&taxonKey=7450947 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=www.legumedata.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Data - Legume Data Portal |url=https://www.legumedata.org/data/?entity=3428221990&taxonKey=7450947 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=www.legumedata.org}}</ref>
==Conservation status==
This species is considered Not Threatened by the Kew database.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lotus germanicus (Gremli) Peruzzi {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77110166-1/general-information |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q92654798}}
[[Category:Lotus (genus)|germanicus]]
{{Loteae-stub}}
| 1,285,511,122
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Kingdom": "Plantae", "Clade": ["Tracheophytes", "Angiosperms", "Eudicots", "Rosids"], "Order": "Fabales", "Family": "Fabaceae", "Subfamily": "Faboideae", "Genus": "Lotus", "Species": "L. germanicus"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Lotus germanicus \u00b7 (Gremli) Peruzzi"}}]
| false
|
# Kew Siang Tong
Dato' Kew Siang Tong, also rendered as Siang Tong Kew, is a Malaysian physician, academic administrator and health bureaucrat.
She is currently Professor in Internal Medicine and was the former Dean of the School of Medicine at the International Medical University in Kuala Lumpur. She has formerly been Head of Gastroenterology at Kuala Lumpur Hospital and worked in the Ministry of Health from 1999 to 2002. She has been Master of the Academy of Medicine of Malaysia, President of the College of Physicians and President of the Malaysian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
She completed her studies in medicine at the University of Singapore in 1969. She became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1996 and of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow in the same year. She also became a Fellow of the Academy of Medicine of Malaysia in 1996, an Honorary Fellow of the American College of Physicians in 1997, an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians in 1997, a Fellow of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore in 2004 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland in 2004.
## Honours
- Malaysia :
- Officer of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (KMN) (1982)
- Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia (JSD) (1984)
- Companion of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (JMN) (1999)
- Pahang :
- Companion of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SAP)
- Perak :
- Commander of the Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (PCM) (1986)[3]
- Knight Commander of the Order of the Perak State Crown (DPMP) – Dato' (1989)[4]
- Selangor :
- Knight Companion of the Order of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (DSSA) – Datin Paduka (1992)[5]
|
enwiki/51629315
|
enwiki
| 51,629,315
|
Kew Siang Tong
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Siang_Tong
|
2025-05-02T00:32:37Z
|
en
|
Q28112791
| 47,872
|
{{Short description|Mr Ajaharul Ahmed 505}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=December 2016}}
{{family name hatnote|Kew|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Malay styles and titles|Yang Berbahagia Professor Dato']]
| name = Kew Siang Tong
| honorific-suffix = [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Perak|DPMP]] [[List of post-nominal letters (Selangor)|DSSA]] [[Order of the Defender of the Realm#Companion|JMN]] [[Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia#Companion|JSD]] [[Order of the Defender of the Realm#Officer|KMN]] [[List of post-nominal letters (Perak)|PCM]] [[Pahang honours list|SAP]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Malaysian
| education =
| alma_mater =
| employer =
| occupation = Physician
| known_for =
| office =
| term_start =
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
}}
Dato' '''Kew Siang Tong''', also rendered as '''Siang Tong Kew''', is a [[Malaysians|Malaysian]] physician, academic administrator and health bureaucrat.
She is currently Professor in Internal Medicine and was the former Dean of the School of Medicine at the [[International Medical University]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. She has formerly been Head of Gastroenterology at [[Kuala Lumpur Hospital]] and worked in the [[Ministry of Health (Malaysia)|Ministry of Health]] from 1999 to 2002. She has been Master of the [[Academy of Medicine of Malaysia]], President of the College of Physicians and President of the Malaysian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.<ref>[http://www.imu.edu.my/imu/corporate/principal-officer-senior-management/ Principal Officers & Senior Management], IMU</ref>
She completed her studies in medicine at the [[University of Singapore]] in 1969. She became a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]] in 1996 and of the [[Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow]] in the same year. She also became a Fellow of the Academy of Medicine of Malaysia in 1996, an Honorary Fellow of the [[American College of Physicians]] in 1997, an Honorary Fellow of the [[Royal Australasian College of Physicians]] in 1997, a Fellow of the [[Academy of Medicine, Singapore]] in 2004 and a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians of Ireland]] in 2004.<ref>[http://www.tsim.org.tw/article/A95/abstract/12-afternoon/Rm101/CV_DatoKew.pdf Kew Siang Tong], TSIM</ref>
==Honours==
*{{Flag|Malaysia}} :
**[[File:Kesatria Mangku Negara.png|50px]] Officer of the [[Order of the Defender of the Realm]] (KMN) (1982)
**[[File:MY Panglima Setia Diraja - Order of the Royal Household - PSD.svg|50px]] Companion of the [[Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia]] (JSD) (1984)
**[[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg|50px]] Companion of the [[Order of the Defender of the Realm]] (JMN) (1999)
*{{Flag|Pahang}} :
**[[File:MY-PAH Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang - Companion - SAP.svg|50px]] Companion of the [[Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang]] (SAP)
*{{Flag|Perak}} :
**[[File:MY-PERA Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (before 2001).svg|50px]] Commander of the [[Order of Cura Si Manja Kini]] (PCM) (1986)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pingat.perak.gov.my/carian-thn.php?m=1&tahun=1986&kod_pingat=PCM|title=PCM 1986|website=pingat.perak.gov.my|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref>
**[[File:MY-PERA_Order_of_the_Perak_State_Crown_(before_2001).svg|50px]] Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Perak State Crown]] (DPMP) – '''Dato'''' (1989)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pingat.perak.gov.my/carian-thn.php?m=2&tahun=1989&kod_pingat=DPMP|title=DPMP 1989|website=pingat.perak.gov.my|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Selangor}} :
**[[File:MY-SEL_Order_of_Sultan_Salahuddin_Abdul_Aziz_Shah_-_Knight_Companion_-_DSSA.svg|50px]] Knight Companion of the [[Order of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah]] (DSSA) – '''Datin Paduka''' (1992)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=27&subcat=D.S.S.A.&offset=5|title=DSSA 1992|website=awards.selangor.gov.my|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kew, Siang Tong}}
[[Category:Gastroenterologists]]
[[Category:Malaysian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the International Medical University]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the Defender of the Realm]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Defender of the Realm]]
{{Malaysia-med-bio-stub}}
| 1,288,340,533
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[{"title": "Personal details", "data": {"Nationality": "Malaysian", "Occupation": "Physician"}}]
| false
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# A. S. P. Woodhouse
Arthur Sutherland Pigott Woodhouse (1895–1964) was a Canadian professor of English at the University of Toronto, a leading authority on the works and times of the English Poet John Milton.
## Biography
Woodhouse was born in Port Hope, Ontario 27 September 1895. As a boy he spent 10 years in England, before returning to Ontario and completed his secondary education at the Collegiate Institute, Barrie. He attended University of Toronto and graduated with a B.A. in 1919. He was a Townsend Scholar at Harvard Graduate School and graduated with an A.M. in 1922. Although he studied for a doctorate, due to teaching commitments and a lack of interest in some of the modules he failed to obtain one from Harvard.
Woodhouse spent five years at the Department of English at the University of Manitoba where he taught eighteenth-century literature, the literature of Milton, Victorian Thought and the History of Criticism. In 1944 he joined the University of Toronto as head of both the college and the graduate departments. He edited The University of Toronto Quarterly for 13 years. He died on 31 October 1964.
Woodhouse was a leading authority on the work and times of the English Poet John Milton. He received many honours, including a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1942 and an honorary Dr. Litt. from Acadia University in 1948.
## Bibliography
Woodhose published two books:
- Woodhouse, A.S.P., ed. (1950) [1938], Puritanism and liberty: being the Army Debates (1647–9) from the Clarke Manuscripts with supplementary documents (2nd ed.), London: University of Chicago Press, foreword by A.D. Lindsay.
- Milton the Poet, Toronto: J.M. Dent, 1955
Other publications include:
- Crawford, A.W.; Perry, and, Aaron J.; Woodhouse, A.S.P., eds. (1929), Greater English poets, Toronto: Macmillan
- Kirkconnell, Watson; Woodhouse, A.S.P. (1947), The humanities in Canada, Ottawa: Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Woodhouse, A.S.P. (1949), Nature and grace in The faerie queene, Baltimore{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Woodhouse, A.S.P. (1949), Notes on Milton's views on the creation: the initial phases, Iowa City State University{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Woodhouse, A.S.P. (1951), Romanticism and the history of ideas, vol. Section 2, London: Oxford University Press
- Woodhouse, A.S.P.; et al. (1960), Four essays, University of Toronto Press
- Woodhouse, A.S.P. (1965), The poet and his faith: religion and poetry in England from Spenser to Eliot and Auden, University of Chicago Press
- Woodhouse, A.S.P. (1972), MacCallum, Hugh (ed.), The heavenly muse; a preface to Milton, University of Toronto Press
See also:
- MacLure, Millar; Watt, F.W., eds. (1964), Essays in English literature from the Renaissance to the Victorian Age: presented to A.S.P. Woodhouse, Toronto University Press
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A. S. P. Woodhouse
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._S._P._Woodhouse
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2025-07-06T19:01:42Z
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en
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Q64026217
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{{Short description|Canadian academic}}
'''Arthur Sutherland Pigott Woodhouse''' (1895–1964) was a Canadian professor of English at the [[University of Toronto]], a leading authority on the works and times of the English Poet [[John Milton]].
==Biography==
Woodhouse was born in [[Port Hope, Ontario]] 27 September 1895. As a boy he spent 10 years in England, before returning to Ontario and completed his secondary education at the [[Barrie Central Collegiate Institute|Collegiate Institute, Barrie]]. He attended University of Toronto and graduated with a B.A. in 1919. He was a [[Townsend Scholar]] at [[Harvard University|Harvard Graduate School]] and graduated with an [[Master of Arts|A.M.]] in 1922. Although he studied for a doctorate, due to teaching commitments and a lack of interest in some of the modules he failed to obtain one from Harvard.<ref name="Editors of UoT">{{citation |title=A.S.P. Woodhouse (1895–1964) |publisher=University of Toronto Libraries |url=https://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/content/s-p-woodhouse-1895-1964}}</ref>
Woodhouse spent five years at the Department of English at the [[University of Manitoba]] where he taught eighteenth-century literature, the literature of Milton, Victorian Thought and the History of Criticism. In 1944 he joined the University of Toronto as head of both the college and the graduate departments. He edited ''The University of Toronto Quarterly'' for 13 years.<ref name="Editors of UoT"/> He died on 31 October 1964.<ref name="NYT 1964">{{citation |author=NYT Staff |date=2 November 1964 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/03/a-s-p-woodhouse-milton-scholar-69.html |title=A.S.P. Woodhose, Milton Scholar, 69 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
Woodhouse was a leading authority on the work and times of the English Poet John Milton.<ref name="NYT 1964"/> He received many honours, including a [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] in 1942 and an honorary Dr. Litt. from [[Acadia University]] in 1948.<ref name="Editors of UoT"/>
==Bibliography==
Woodhose published two books:<ref name="Editors of UoT"/><ref name="NYT 1964"/>
*{{citation |title=Puritanism and liberty: being the Army Debates (1647–9) from the Clarke Manuscripts with supplementary documents |editor-last=Woodhouse |editor-first=A.S.P.|location=London |orig-date=1938 |edition=2nd |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1950|ref=none}}, foreword by [[A.D. Lindsay]].
*{{citation |title=Milton the Poet |location=Toronto |publisher=J.M. Dent |year=1955 |ref=none}}
Other publications include:<ref name="Editors of UoT"/>
*{{citation |title=Greater English poets |editor-first=A.W. |editor-last=Crawford |editor2-first=Aaron J. |editor2-last=Perry, and |editor3-first=A.S.P. |editor3-last=Woodhouse |year=1929 |location= Toronto |publisher=Macmillan |ref=none}}
*{{citation |last1=Kirkconnell |first1=Watson |first2=A.S.P. |last2=Woodhouse |year=1947 |title=The humanities in Canada |location=Ottawa |publisher=Humanities Research Council of Canada |ref=none}}
*{{citation |last=Woodhouse |first=A.S.P. |year=1949 |title=Nature and grace in The faerie queene |location=Baltimore |ref=none}}
*{{citation |last=Woodhouse |first=A.S.P. |year=1949 |title=Notes on Milton's views on the creation: the initial phases |location=Iowa City State University |ref=none}}
*{{citation |last=Woodhouse |first=A.S.P. |year=1951 |title=Romanticism and the history of ideas |volume=Section 2 |location=London |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref=none}}
*{{citation |last=Woodhouse |first=A.S.P. |display-authors=etal |year=1960 |title=Four essays |publisher=University of Toronto Press |ref=none}}
*{{citation |last=Woodhouse |first=A.S.P. |year=1965 |title=The poet and his faith: religion and poetry in England from Spenser to Eliot and Auden |publisher=University of Chicago Press |ref=none}}
*{{citation |last=Woodhouse |first=A.S.P. |year=1972 |title=The heavenly muse; a preface to Milton |editor-first=Hugh |editor-last=MacCallum |publisher=University of Toronto Press |ref=none}}
See also:<ref name="Editors of UoT"/>
*{{citation|title=Essays in English literature from the Renaissance to the Victorian Age: presented to A.S.P. Woodhouse |editor-first=Millar |editor-last=MacLure |editor2-first=F.W. |editor2-last=Watt |publisher=Toronto University Press |year=1964 |ref=none}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
*{{citation |title=The Canadian Who's Who |volume=IX, for 1961-1963 |location=Toronto |publisher=Trans-Canada Press |ref=none}}
*{{citation |last=Priestley |first=F.E.L. |title=A. S. P. Woodhouse 1895–1964 |journal=Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada |volume=III |date=June 1965 |pages=183–188 |ref=none}}
== External links ==
{{Archival records|title=A. S. P. Woodhouse fonds}}
* [https://discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/a-s-p-woodhouse-fonds A. S. P. Woodhouse archival papers] held at the [https://utarms.library.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodhouse, A. S. P.}}
[[Category:University of Toronto alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Toronto]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Manitoba]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Canadian academics of English literature]]
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]
| 1,299,131,305
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[{"title": "Location", "data": {"Location": "University of Toronto Archives & Records Management Services", "Source": "A. S. P. Woodhouse fonds"}}]
| false
|
# The Old Willis Place
The Old Willis Place: A Ghost Story is a children's novel written by Mary Downing Hahn. It was first published in 2004 and is found in 9001 libraries.
## Synopsis
Diana and her younger brother Georgie live in the woods near Oak Hill Manor, known locally as the Old Willis Place after its last inhabitant, a cruel old woman named Lilian Willis. Diana and Georgie have many rules they must follow, including never going beyond the property's boundaries, never speaking to anyone, and never allowing themselves to be seen. The county hires caretakers to live in a mobile home on the Willis property; however, Diana and Georgie always manage to drive them away with their childish pranks.
Diana is excited to see that the latest caretaker has a daughter named Lissa, a lonely, imaginative girl whose mother died when she was five. Diana imagines becoming friends with Lissa, even though the rules forbid it. Soon after her arrival, Lissa goes exploring and is the verge of entering the house when Diana steps out of the woods to stop her. Diana is so filthy and ragged that Lissa mistakes her for a monster and flees.
Upset by Lissa's reaction, Diana writes an apology for frightening Lissa and asks if they can be friends. Lissa confides that she plans to sneak into the house and explore while her father is away, inviting Diana to go with her. Diana is wary, as entering the house is against the rules, but she is so desperate to have Lissa for a friend that she agrees. The following day, Diana and Lissa enter the Old Willis Place, where Lissa feels compelled to see the locked parlor where Lilian Willis died. In spite of Diana's attempts to stop her, she opens the parlor door, freeing Miss Lilian's malevolent spirit.
Knowing that Miss Lilian will come after them, Diana and Georgie finally admit to Lissa that they themselves are ghosts. Sixty years ago, Miss Lilian caught them playing in her cellar and locked them in as punishment, intending to free them later that day when their parents returned. Before she could do so, Miss Lilian suffered a stroke and was taken to hospital, leaving the children trapped. Paralyzed by the stroke, Miss Lilian was unable to tell anyone what she had done, and by the time she recovered, several weeks had passed and the children had starved to death. Miss Lilian left the bodies hidden in the cellar and pretended to have no knowledge of what became of the missing children. For decades afterwards, the children's ghosts tormented Miss Lilian until she, too, died and became a ghost who pursued and tormented the children who once tormented her. The children managed to trap her ghost in the parlor and made strict rules to prevent her from ever being freed.
Lissa tells her father to search the cellar, where he finds Diana and Georgie's bodies. The bodies are at last given proper burials, while Diana and Georgie wonder what will become of them now. They are soon found by Miss Lilian, who wants to punish them for revealing her secret. Diana realizes that all of them are bound to the Old Willis Place by the terrible grudges they hold for things that happened long ago and that unless they can forgive one another, none of them will ever leave. The children forgive Miss Lilian for leaving them to die and apologize for tormenting her in her final years, while Miss Lilian, in turn, expresses remorse for her role in the children's deaths. A beautiful silver light descends, and from it, the ghosts of the children's parents arrive to take them to the afterlife. The children's forgiveness allows Miss Lilian to join them there.
Lissa, witnessing the whole scene in secret, is happy for her friends and takes comfort in the idea that her mother also resides within the beautiful light, waiting to reunite with Lissa once again.
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enwiki/11130490
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enwiki
| 11,130,490
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The Old Willis Place
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Willis_Place
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2025-03-29T21:02:33Z
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en
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Q7754936
| 18,122
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{{Short description|Book by Mary Downing Hahn}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2008}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox book | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
| name = The Old Willis Place
| title_orig = The Old Willis Place : A Ghost Story
| image = File:TheOldWillisPlace.jpg
| cover_artist = Ericka O'Rourke
| caption = First edition
| author = [[Mary Downing Hahn]]
| language = English
| genre = Horror/Ghost Story/Mystery
| publisher = Clarion Books
| media_type = Paperback, Hardcover
| pub_date = 20 September 2004
}}
'''''The Old Willis Place: A Ghost Story''''' is a children's novel written by [[Mary Downing Hahn]]. It was first published in 2004 and is found in 9001 libraries.<ref>[[WorldCat]]</ref>
==Synopsis==
Diana and her younger brother Georgie live in the woods near Oak Hill Manor, known locally as the Old Willis Place after its last inhabitant, a cruel old woman named Lilian Willis. Diana and Georgie have many rules they must follow, including never going beyond the property's boundaries, never speaking to anyone, and never allowing themselves to be seen. The county hires caretakers to live in a [[mobile home]] on the Willis property; however, Diana and Georgie always manage to drive them away with their childish pranks.
Diana is excited to see that the latest caretaker has a daughter named Lissa, a lonely, imaginative girl whose mother died when she was five. Diana imagines becoming friends with Lissa, even though the rules forbid it. Soon after her arrival, Lissa goes exploring and is the verge of entering the house when Diana steps out of the woods to stop her. Diana is so filthy and ragged that Lissa mistakes her for a monster and flees.
Upset by Lissa's reaction, Diana writes an apology for frightening Lissa and asks if they can be friends. Lissa confides that she plans to sneak into the house and explore while her father is away, inviting Diana to go with her. Diana is wary, as entering the house is against the rules, but she is so desperate to have Lissa for a friend that she agrees. The following day, Diana and Lissa enter the Old Willis Place, where Lissa feels compelled to see the locked parlor where Lilian Willis died. In spite of Diana's attempts to stop her, she opens the parlor door, freeing Miss Lilian's [[malevolent spirit]].
Knowing that Miss Lilian will come after them, Diana and Georgie finally admit to Lissa that they themselves are ghosts. Sixty years ago, Miss Lilian caught them playing in her cellar and locked them in as punishment, intending to free them later that day when their parents returned. Before she could do so, Miss Lilian suffered a [[stroke]] and was taken to hospital, leaving the children trapped. Paralyzed by the stroke, Miss Lilian was unable to tell anyone what she had done, and by the time she recovered, several weeks had passed and the children had starved to death. Miss Lilian left the bodies hidden in the cellar and pretended to have no knowledge of what became of the missing children. For decades afterwards, the children's ghosts tormented Miss Lilian until she, too, died and became a ghost who pursued and tormented the children who once tormented her. The children managed to trap her ghost in the parlor and made strict rules to prevent her from ever being freed.
Lissa tells her father to search the cellar, where he finds Diana and Georgie's bodies. The bodies are at last given proper burials, while Diana and Georgie wonder what will become of them now. They are soon found by Miss Lilian, who wants to punish them for revealing her secret. Diana realizes that all of them are bound to the Old Willis Place by the terrible grudges they hold for things that happened long ago and that unless they can forgive one another, none of them will ever leave. The children forgive Miss Lilian for leaving them to die and apologize for tormenting her in her final years, while Miss Lilian, in turn, expresses remorse for her role in the children's deaths. A beautiful silver light descends, and from it, the ghosts of the children's parents arrive to take them to the [[afterlife]]. The children's forgiveness allows Miss Lilian to join them there.
Lissa, witnessing the whole scene in secret, is happy for her friends and takes comfort in the idea that her mother also resides within the beautiful light, waiting to reunite with Lissa once again.
==References==
<references/>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Old Willis Place}}
[[Category:2004 American novels]]
[[Category:2004 children's books]]
[[Category:Children's fantasy novels]]
[[Category:American children's novels]]
[[Category:Ghost novels]]
[[Category:Children's books about ghosts]]
| 1,282,999,895
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[{"title": "The Old Willis Place", "data": {"Author": "Mary Downing Hahn", "Original title": "The Old Willis Place : A Ghost Story", "Cover artist": "Ericka O'Rourke", "Language": "English", "Genre": "Horror/Ghost Story/Mystery", "Publisher": "Clarion Books", "Publication date": "20 September 2004", "Media type": "Paperback, Hardcover"}}]
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# Werkhausen
Werkhausen is a municipality in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany.
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enwiki/11774696
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enwiki
| 11,774,696
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Werkhausen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkhausen
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2021-08-03T14:04:49Z
|
en
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Q562619
| 83,353
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{{Infobox German location
|image_coa =
|coordinates = {{coord|50|43|22|N|7|32|08|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Werkhausen in AK.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Altenkirchen
|Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld
|elevation = 270
|area = 5.76
|postal_code = 57635
|area_code = 02686
|licence = AK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 114
|divisions = 5
|website = {{url|https://www.vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de/gemeinde-politik/uebersicht-ortsgemeinden/werkhausen|vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de}}
|mayor = Otmar Orfgen<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
|party =
}}
'''Werkhausen''' is a municipality in the [[Altenkirchen (district)|district of Altenkirchen]], in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], in western [[Germany]].
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Cities and towns in Altenkirchen (district)}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Altenkirchen (district)]]
{{Altenkirchen-geo-stub}}
| 1,036,924,566
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[{"title": "Werkhausen", "data": {"Country": "Germany", "State": "Rhineland-Palatinate", "District": "Altenkirchen", "Municipal assoc.": "Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld", "Subdivisions": "5"}}, {"title": "Government", "data": {"\u2022 Mayor (2019\u201324)": "Otmar Orfgen"}}, {"title": "Area", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "5.76 km2 (2.22 sq mi)", "Elevation": "270 m (890 ft)"}}, {"title": "Population (2022-12-31)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "241", "\u2022 Density": "42/km2 (110/sq mi)", "Time zone": "UTC+01:00 (CET)", "\u2022 Summer (DST)": "UTC+02:00 (CEST)", "Postal codes": "57635", "Dialling codes": "02686", "Vehicle registration": "AK", "Website": "vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de"}}]
| false
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# Death Flies East
Death Flies East is a 1935 American mystery film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Conrad Nagel, Florence Rice and Raymond Walburn. The action takes place on an airline flight with a murderer aboard. The film was an early example of the aviation "disaster film" genre.
## Plot
On a transcontinental flight from California to New York, a police detective (Fred Kelsey), found slumped in his seat is, dead, poisoned. The passengers include Evelyn Vail (Florence Rice), a nurse on parole for a murder she did not commit. The victim had also died of poisoning. The elderly doctor she worked for is still in prison. Evelyn is attempting to clear her name and bring the real killer to trial, a convict on death row at Sing Sing who can confess to the killing, if only she can get there in time.
Another passenger is John Robinson Gordon (Conrad Nagel), a college instructor who becomes involved in Evelyn's plight. He is carrying a secret armament formula to deliver to the Secretary of the Navy in Washington, D.C. He protects the valuable secret formula, clutching a briefcase at all times. John begins to suspect Evelyn but other passengers appear suspicious; who, among the other passengers, is the real murderer?
## Cast
- Conrad Nagel as John Robinson Gordon
- Florence Rice as Evelyn Vail
- Raymond Walburn as Evans
- Geneva Mitchell as Helen Gilbert
- Robert Allen as Baker
- Oscar Apfel as Wallace P. Burroughs
- Miki Morita as Satu
- Purnell Pratt as Dr. Landers
- Irene Franklin as Mrs. Laura Madison
- George Irving as Dr. Jim Moffat
- Adrian Rosley as Pastoli
- Fred Kelsey as Police Lieutenant O'Brien
- George "Gabby" Hayes as Wotkyns
## Production
Principal photography on Death Flies East took place from December 27, 1934 to January 15, 1935. American Airlines loaned a Douglas DC-2 airliner that was featured in . Interiors and flight-deck scenes, however, were shot in a studio using a mock-up.
## Reception
Aviation historian Michael Paris equated Death Flies East as a progenitor of the "disaster film". He wrote, "... the stereotyped collection of passengers, essential in the disaster movie, were first created in the 1930s in films such as Thirteen Hours by Air and Death Flies East.
|
enwiki/47277918
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enwiki
| 47,277,918
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Death Flies East
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Flies_East
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2025-04-12T01:29:29Z
|
en
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Q20715530
| 35,773
|
{{short description|1935 film by Phil Rosen}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Death Flies East
| image = Death Flies East -- poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Phil Rosen]]
| producer = [[Sid Rogell]]
| writer = {{ubl|[[Albert DeMond]]|[[Fred Niblo Jr.]]|[[Philip Wylie]]}}
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Conrad Nagel]]|[[Florence Rice]]|[[Raymond Walburn]]}}
| music =
| cinematography = Allen G. Siegler
| editing = [[John Rawlins (director)|John Rawlins]]
| studio = [[Columbia Pictures]]
| distributor = Columbia Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1935|02|28}}
| runtime = 65 minutes
| country = United States
| language = [[English language|English]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Death Flies East''''' is a 1935 American [[mystery film]] directed by [[Phil Rosen]] and starring [[Conrad Nagel]], [[Florence Rice]] and [[Raymond Walburn]].<ref>Parish 1978, p. 270.</ref> The action takes place on an airline flight with a murderer aboard.<ref>[http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=6532 Details" 'Death Flies East'."] ''[[American Film Institute|AFI]]'' (afi.com). Retrieved: May 21, 2019.</ref> The film was an early example of the [[aviation]] "[[disaster film]]" genre.<ref>Pendo 1985, p. 15.</ref>
==Plot==
On a transcontinental flight from California to New York, a police detective ([[Fred Kelsey]]), found slumped in his seat is, dead, poisoned. The passengers include Evelyn Vail ([[Florence Rice]]), a nurse on parole for a murder she did not commit. The victim had also died of poisoning. The elderly doctor she worked for is still in prison. Evelyn is attempting to clear her name and bring the real killer to trial, a convict on death row at [[Sing Sing]] who can confess to the killing, if only she can get there in time.
Another passenger is John Robinson Gordon ([[Conrad Nagel]]), a college instructor who becomes involved in Evelyn's plight. He is carrying a secret armament formula to deliver to the [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] He protects the valuable secret formula, clutching a briefcase at all times. John begins to suspect Evelyn but other passengers appear suspicious; who, among the other passengers, is the real murderer?
==Cast==
{{div col}}
* [[Conrad Nagel]] as John Robinson Gordon
* [[Florence Rice]] as Evelyn Vail
* [[Raymond Walburn]] as Evans
* [[Geneva Mitchell]] as Helen Gilbert
* [[Robert Allen (actor)|Robert Allen]] as Baker
* [[Oscar Apfel]] as Wallace P. Burroughs
* [[Miki Morita]] as Satu
* [[Purnell Pratt]] as Dr. Landers
* [[Irene Franklin]] as Mrs. Laura Madison
* [[George Irving (American actor)|George Irving]] as Dr. Jim Moffat
* Adrian Rosley as Pastoli
* [[Fred Kelsey]] as Police Lieutenant O'Brien
* [[George "Gabby" Hayes]] as Wotkyns
{{div col end}}
[[File:De Uiver (1984).jpg|thumb|Douglas DC-2]]
==Production==
Principal photography on ''Death Flies East'' took place from December 27, 1934 to January 15, 1935.<ref>[https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/72616/death-flies-east#film-details "Original film information: 'Death Flies East'."] ''[[Turner Classic Movies|TCM]]''. Retrieved: May 21. 2019.</ref> [[American Airlines]] loaned a [[Douglas DC-2]] airliner that was featured in . Interiors and flight-deck scenes, however, were shot in a studio using a [[mock-up]].<ref name="Beck">Beck 2016, p. 73.</ref>{{#tag:ref|The Douglas DC-2-120 s/n 1316 (NC14283) was delivered in December 1934, later sold to [[Indian Airlines]] and eventually used by the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] as DG470.<ref name="Beck"/>|group=N}}
==Reception==
Aviation historian Michael Paris equated ''Death Flies East'' as a progenitor of the "disaster film". He wrote, "... the stereotyped collection of passengers, essential in the disaster movie, were first created in the 1930s in films such as ''[[13 Hours by Air|Thirteen Hours by Air]]'' and ''Death Flies East''.<ref>Paris 1995, p. 198.</ref>
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=N}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Beck, Simon D. ''The Aircraft-Spotter's Film and Television Companion''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2016. {{ISBN|9-781476-663494}}.
* Paris, Michael. ''From the Wright Brothers to Top Gun: Aviation, Nationalism, and Popular Cinema.'' Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1995. {{ISBN|978-0-7190-4074-0}}.
* Parish, James Robert. ''Hollywood Character Actors''. New Rochelle, New York: Arlington House, 1978. {{ISBN| 978-0-870-00384-4}}.
* Pendo, Stephen. ''Aviation in the Cinema''. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1985. {{ISBN|0-8-1081-746-2}}.
{{Refend}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0026268|Death Flies East}}
* {{TCMDb title|72616|Death Flies East}}
[[Category:1935 films]]
[[Category:1935 mystery films]]
[[Category:American aviation films]]
[[Category:American mystery films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Phil Rosen]]
[[Category:Columbia Pictures films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1930s English-language films]]
[[Category:1930s American films]]
[[Category:English-language mystery films]]
| 1,285,158,169
|
[{"title": "Death Flies East", "data": {"Directed by": "Phil Rosen", "Written by": "- Albert DeMond - Fred Niblo Jr. - Philip Wylie", "Produced by": "Sid Rogell", "Starring": "- Conrad Nagel - Florence Rice - Raymond Walburn", "Cinematography": "Allen G. Siegler", "Edited by": "John Rawlins", "Production \u00b7 company": "Columbia Pictures", "Distributed by": "Columbia Pictures", "Release date": "- February 28, 1935", "Running time": "65 minutes", "Country": "United States", "Language": "English"}}]
| false
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# List of submarines of the Swedish Navy
This is a list of Swedish submarines since 1904.
## Active service
Gotland class (1992-1997)
- HSwMS Gotland (Gtd)
- HSwMS Halland (Hnd)
- HSwMS Uppland (Upd)
Västergötland class (1983-1990) (Sold to Singapore)
- HSwMS Västergötland (Vgd)
- HSwMS Hälsingland (Hgd)
Södermanland class (2003-2004)
- HSwMS Södermanland (Söd) - previous Västergötland class
### Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle
- URF
## Decommissioned
Svärdfisken class
- HSwMS Svärdfisken (1914) (S), stricken 1936, broken up 1946
- HSwMS Tumlaren (1914) (T), stricken 1936, broken up 1946
Laxen class
- HSwMS Laxen (1914), stricken 1935
- HSwMS Gäddan (1915), stricken 1931
Abborren class
- HSwMS Abborren (1916), stricken 1937
- HSwMS Braxen (1916), stricken 1937
Hajen class
- HSwMS Hajen (1917), stricken 1943, broken up 1944
- HSwMS Sälen (1918), stricken 1942, broken up 1946
- HSwMS Valrossen (1918), stricken 1943, broken up 1944
Bävern class
- HSwMS Bävern (1921), stricken 1944, broken up 1956
- HSwMS Illern (1921), sunk 1943, salvaged, broken up 1944
- HSwMS Uttern (1921), stricken 1944, broken up
Valen class
- HSwMS Valen (1925), stricken 1944
Draken class
- HSwMS Draken (1926), stricken 1948
- HSwMS Gripen (1928), stricken 1947
- HSwMS Ulven (1930), stricken 1943
Delfinen class
- HSwMS Delfinen (1934), sold 1957, broken up
- HSwMS Nordkaparen (1935), sold 1958, broken up
- HSwMS Springaren (1935), sold 1956, broken up
Sjölejonet class
- HSwMS Sjölejonet (1936), stricken 1959
- HSwMS Sjöbjörnen (1937), stricken 1964
- HSwMS Sjöhunden (1938), stricken 1960
- HSwMS Svärdfisken (1940), stricken 1959
- HSwMS Tumlaren (1940), stricken 1964
- HSwMS Dykaren, stricken 1959
- HSwMS Sjöhästen (1940), stricken 1963
- HSwMS Sjöormen (1941), stricken 1964
- HSwMS Sjöborren (1941), stricken 1959
Neptun class
- HSwMS Neptun (1942), stricken 1966
- HSwMS Najad (1942), stricken 1966
- HSwMS Näcken (1942), stricken 1966
Kust class (1941-1944)
- HSwMS U1 (1941), stricken 1960
- HSwMS U2 (1942), stricken 1960
- HSwMS U3 (1942), stricken 1964
- HSwMS U4 (1943) - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS Forellen, stricken 1970
- HSwMS U5 (1943) - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS Aborren, stricken 1976
- HSwMS U6 (1943) - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS Siken, stricken 1975
- HSwMS U7 (1943) - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS Gäddan, stricken 1973
- HSwMS U8 (1944) - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS Laxen, stricken 1976
- HSwMS U9 (1944) - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS Makrillen, stricken 1976
Hajen class (1954-1958)
- HSwMS Hajen (1954)
- HSwMS Sälen (Säl)
- HSwMS Valen (Val)
- HSwMS Bävern (1958)
- HSwMS Illern (1957)
- HSwMS Uttern (1958)
Draken class (1960-1961)
- HSwMS Draken (Dra)
- HSwMS Gripen (Gri)
- HSwMS Vargen (Vgn)
- HSwMS Delfinen (Del)
- HSwMS Nordkaparen (Nor)
- HSwMS Springaren (Spr)
Sjöormen class (1967-1968)
- HSwMS Sjöormen (Sor)
- HSwMS Sjölejonet (Sle)
- HSwMS Sjöhunden (Shu)
- HSwMS Sjöbjörnen (Sbj)
- HSwMS Sjöhästen (Shä)
Näcken class (1978-1979)
- HSwMS Näcken (Näk)
- HSwMS Najad (Nad)
- HSwMS Neptun (Nep)
Södermanland class (2003-2004)
- HSwMS Östergötland (Ögd) - previous Västergötland class, decommissioned 2021, in material reserve.
### Other
- HSwMS Hajen (1904), stricken 1922
- HSwMS Hvalen, sunk as target 1924
- HSwMS Delfinen (1914), stricken 1930
- HSwMS Spiggen (1958)
- HSwMS Spiggen (1990)
## Citations
1. ↑ Saunders, p. 698
## Bibliography
- Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2004). Jane's Fighting Ships 2004–2005. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-2623-1.
|
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List of submarines of the Swedish Navy
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Swedish_Navy
|
2024-11-21T21:42:49Z
|
en
|
Q4302189
| 68,457
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{{Short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Royal Swedish Navy ship types}}
This is a list of [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[submarine]]s since 1904.
==Active service==
;{{sclass|Gotland|submarine|4}} (1992-1997)<ref>Saunders, p. 698</ref>
* {{HSwMS|Gotland|Gtd}}
* {{HSwMS|Halland|Hnd}}
* {{HSwMS|Uppland|Upd}}
;{{sclass|Västergötland|submarine|4}} (1983-1990) (Sold to Singapore)
* {{HSwMS|Västergötland|Vgd}}
* {{HSwMS|Hälsingland|Hgd}}
;{{sclass|Södermanland|submarine|4}} (2003-2004)
* {{HSwMS|Södermanland|Söd}} - previous ''Västergötland'' class
===Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle===
*[[URF (submarine)|URF]]
==Decommissioned==
;{{sclass|Svärdfisken|submarine|4}}
* {{HSwMS|Svärdfisken|1914}} (S), stricken 1936, broken up 1946
* {{HSwMS|Tumlaren|1914}} (T), stricken 1936, broken up 1946
;{{sclass|Laxen|submarine|4}}
* {{HSwMS|Laxen|1914}}, stricken 1935
* {{HSwMS|Gäddan|1915}}, stricken 1931
;{{sclass|Abborren|submarine|4}}
* {{HSwMS|Abborren|1916}}, stricken 1937
* {{HSwMS|Braxen|1916}}, stricken 1937
;{{sclass|Hajen |submarine|4}}
* {{HSwMS|Hajen|1917}}, stricken 1943, broken up 1944
* {{HSwMS|Sälen|1918}}, stricken 1942, broken up 1946
* {{HSwMS|Valrossen|1918}}, stricken 1943, broken up 1944
;{{sclass|Bävern|submarine|4}}
* {{HSwMS|Bävern|1921}}, stricken 1944, broken up 1956
* {{HSwMS|Illern|1921}}, sunk 1943, salvaged, broken up 1944
* {{HSwMS|Uttern|1921}}, stricken 1944, broken up
;{{sclass|Valen|submarine|4}}
* {{HSwMS|Valen|1925}}, stricken 1944
;{{sclass|Draken |submarine|4}}
* {{HSwMS|Draken|1926}}, stricken 1948
* {{HSwMS|Gripen|1928}}, stricken 1947
* {{HSwMS|Ulven|1930}}, stricken 1943
;[[Swedish Delfinen-class submarine|''Delfinen'' class]]
* {{HSwMS|Delfinen|1934}}, sold 1957, broken up
* {{HSwMS|Nordkaparen|1935}}, sold 1958, broken up
* {{HSwMS|Springaren|1935}}, sold 1956, broken up
;{{sclass|Sjölejonet|submarine|4}}
* {{HSwMS|Sjölejonet|1936}}, stricken 1959
* {{HSwMS|Sjöbjörnen|1937}}, stricken 1964
* {{HSwMS|Sjöhunden|1938}}, stricken 1960
* {{HSwMS|Svärdfisken|1940}}, stricken 1959
* {{HSwMS|Tumlaren|1940}}, stricken 1964
* {{HSwMS|Dykaren}}, stricken 1959
* {{HSwMS|Sjöhästen|1940}}, stricken 1963
* {{HSwMS|Sjöormen|1941}}, stricken 1964
* {{HSwMS|Sjöborren|1941}}, stricken 1959
;{{sclass|Neptun|submarine|4}}
* {{HSwMS|Neptun|1942}}, stricken 1966
* {{HSwMS|Najad|1942}}, stricken 1966
* {{HSwMS|Näcken|1942}}, stricken 1966
;{{sclass|Kust|submarine|4}} (1941-1944)
* {{HSwMS|U1|1941}}, stricken 1960
* {{HSwMS|U2|1942}}, stricken 1960
* {{HSwMS|U3|1942}}, stricken 1964
* {{HSwMS|U4|1943}} - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS ''Forellen'', stricken 1970
* {{HSwMS|U5|1943}} - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS ''Aborren'', stricken 1976
* {{HSwMS|U6|1943}} - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS ''Siken'', stricken 1975
* {{HSwMS|U7|1943}} - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS ''Gäddan'', stricken 1973
* {{HSwMS|U8|1944}} - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS ''Laxen'', stricken 1976
* {{HSwMS|U9|1944}} - rebuilt as the attack submarine HMS ''Makrillen'', stricken 1976
;{{sclass|Hajen|submarine|4}} (1954-1958)
* {{HSwMS|Hajen|1954}}
* {{HSwMS|Sälen|Säl}}
* {{HSwMS|Valen|Val}}
* {{HSwMS|Bävern|1958}}
* {{HSwMS|Illern|1957}}
* {{HSwMS|Uttern|1958}}
;{{sclass|Draken|submarine|4}} (1960-1961)
* {{HSwMS|Draken|Dra}}
* {{HSwMS|Gripen|Gri}}
* {{HSwMS|Vargen|Vgn}}
* {{HSwMS|Delfinen|Del}}
* {{HSwMS|Nordkaparen|Nor}}
* {{HSwMS|Springaren|Spr}}
;{{sclass|Sjöormen|submarine|4}} (1967-1968)
* {{HSwMS|Sjöormen|Sor}}
* {{HSwMS|Sjölejonet|Sle}}
* {{HSwMS|Sjöhunden|Shu}}
* {{HSwMS|Sjöbjörnen|Sbj}}
* {{HSwMS|Sjöhästen|Shä}}
;{{sclass|Näcken|submarine|4}} (1978-1979)
* {{HSwMS|Näcken|Näk}}
* {{HSwMS|Najad|Nad}}
* {{HSwMS|Neptun|Nep}}
;{{sclass|Södermanland|submarine|4}} (2003-2004)
* {{HSwMS|Östergötland|Ögd}} - previous ''Västergötland'' class, decommissioned 2021, in material reserve.
===Other===
* {{HSwMS|Hajen|1904}}, stricken 1922
* {{HSwMS|Hvalen}}, sunk as target 1924
* {{HSwMS|Delfinen|1914}}, stricken 1930
* {{HSwMS|Spiggen|1958}}
* {{HSwMS|Spiggen|1990}}
==Citations==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Saunders |editor1-first=Stephen |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2004–2005 |date=2004 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Coulsdon, UK |isbn=0-7106-2623-1}}
==External links==
{{Commonscat|Submarines of Sweden}}
[[Category:Submarines of the Swedish Navy|*]]
[[Category:Lists of ships of Sweden|Submarines]]
[[Category:Swedish Navy lists|Submarines]]
[[Category:Lists of submarines|Sweden]]
| 1,258,831,165
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[]
| false
|
# Oedaleosia nigricosta
Oedaleosia nigricosta is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1900. It is found in Sierra Leone and the Gambia.
|
enwiki/42031413
|
enwiki
| 42,031,413
|
Oedaleosia nigricosta
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedaleosia_nigricosta
|
2024-07-29T21:23:13Z
|
en
|
Q13530932
| 25,800
|
{{Short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Oedaleosia nigricosta
| authority = [[George Hampson|Hampson]], 1900
| synonyms =
}}
'''''Oedaleosia nigricosta''''' is a [[moth]] of the subfamily [[Arctiinae (moth)|Arctiinae]]. It was described by [[George Hampson]] in 1900. It is found in [[Sierra Leone]] and [[the Gambia]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=De Prins |first1=J. |last2=De Prins |first2=W. |name-list-style=amp |date=2018 |url=http://www.afromoths.net/species_by_code/OEDANIGR |title=''Oedaleosia nigricosta'' Hampson, 1900 |website=Afromoths |accessdate=October 30, 2018}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar |from=Q13530932}}
[[Category:Lithosiini]]
[[Category:Moths described in 1900]]
{{Lithosiini-stub}}
| 1,237,450,657
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[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Lepidoptera", "Superfamily": "Noctuoidea", "Family": "Erebidae", "Subfamily": "Arctiinae", "Genus": "Oedaleosia", "Species": "O. nigricosta"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Oedaleosia nigricosta \u00b7 Hampson, 1900"}}]
| false
|
# Zoran Antonijević
Zoran "Žota" Antonijević (Serbian Cyrillic: Зоран Антонијевић; 21 October 1945 – 5 February 2008) was a Serbian professional footballer who played as a midfielder for SFR Yugoslavia.
## Club career
Antonijević scored 65 goals in 429 matches in all competitions for Red Star Belgrade between 1967 and 1975, winning 4 league titles and 3 domestic cups.
## International career
Aćimović made his debut for Yugoslavia in a November 1970 friendly match against West Germany and earned a total of 8 caps. His final international was a May 1972 European Championship qualification match away against the Soviet Union.
## Honours
Red Star Belgrade
- Yugoslav First League: 4
1968, 1969, 1970, 1973
- Yugoslav Cup: 3
1968, 1970, 1971
|
enwiki/17838086
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enwiki
| 17,838,086
|
Zoran Antonijević
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoran_Antonijevi%C4%87
|
2024-10-22T14:07:31Z
|
en
|
Q8074327
| 36,203
|
{{short description|Serbian footballer}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Zoran Antonijević
| image =
| fullname =
| birth_date = 21 October 1945
| birth_place = [[Belgrade]], [[Democratic Federal Yugoslavia|DF Yugoslavia]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2008|2|5|1945|10|21}}
| death_place = [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]]
| position = [[Midfielder (association football)|Midfielder]]
| youthyears1=
| youthclubs1= [[21.maj Rakovica]]
| years1 = 1966–1967 | years2 = 1967–1975 | years3 =1975–1977
| clubs1 = [[FK IM Rakovica|IM Rakovica]] | clubs2 = [[Red Star Belgrade]] | clubs3 = [[Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C.|Iraklis]]
| caps1 = | goals1 = | caps2 = 154 | goals2 = 18 | caps3 = 56 | goals3 = 1
| nationalyears1= 1970–1972
| nationalteam1= [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]]
| nationalcaps1= 8 | nationalgoals1 = 0
| manageryears1=
| managerclubs1=
}}
'''Zoran "Žota" Antonijević''' ([[Serbian Cyrillic]]: Зоран Антонијевић; 21 October 1945 – 5 February 2008) was a [[Serbia]]n professional [[Association football|footballer]] who played as a midfielder for [[SFR Yugoslavia national football team|SFR Yugoslavia]].
==Club career==
Antonijević scored 65 goals in 429 matches in all competitions for [[Red Star Belgrade]] between 1967 and 1975, winning 4 league titles and 3 domestic cups.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reprezentacija.rs/antonijevic-zoran/|title=Zoran Antonijević|website=Reprezentacija|language=sr|date=23 November 2009|access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>
==International career==
Aćimović made his debut for [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]] in a November 1970 [[Exhibition game|friendly match]] against [[West Germany national football team|West Germany]] and earned a total of 8 caps. His final international was a May 1972 [[UEFA Euro 1972 qualifying|European Championship qualification]] match away against the [[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=687|title=Zoran Antonijević, international football player|access-date=3 March 2024|website=EU-football.info}}</ref>
==Honours==
;Red Star Belgrade
*'''[[Yugoslav First League]]: 4'''
:: [[1967–68 Yugoslav First League|1968]], [[1968–69 Yugoslav First League|1969]], [[1969–70 Yugoslav First League|1970]], [[1972–73 Yugoslav First League|1973]]
*'''[[Yugoslav Cup]]: 3'''
:: [[1967–68 Yugoslav Cup|1968]], [[1969–70 Yugoslav Cup|1970]], [[1970–71 Yugoslav Cup|1971]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140314000249/http://www.reprezentacija.rs/index.php/sr/statistika/reprezentativci/873-antonijevic-zoran Profile at Serbian federation site]
* [http://www.b92.net/sport/vesti.php?yyyy=2008&mm=02&dd=05&nav_id=283725 Necrology]
* {{sports links}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Antonijevic, Zoran}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Footballers from Belgrade]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Yugoslav men's footballers]]
[[Category:Yugoslavia men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Red Star Belgrade footballers]]
[[Category:Iraklis F.C. (Thessaloniki) players]]
[[Category:Yugoslav First League players]]
[[Category:Super League Greece players]]
[[Category:Red Star Belgrade non-playing staff]]
[[Category:Yugoslav expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Greece]]
[[Category:Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Greece]]
{{Serbia-footy-midfielder-stub}}
| 1,252,682,285
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[{"title": "Zoran Antonijevi\u0107", "data": {"Date of birth": "21 October 1945", "Place of birth": "Belgrade, DF Yugoslavia", "Date of death": "February 5, 2008 (aged 62)", "Place of death": "Belgrade, Serbia", "Position(s)": "Midfielder"}}, {"title": "Senior career*", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "1966\u20131967": "IM Rakovica", "1967\u20131975": "Red Star Belgrade \u00b7 154 \u00b7 (18)", "1975\u20131977": "Iraklis \u00b7 56 \u00b7 (1)"}}, {"title": "International career", "data": {"1970\u20131972": "Yugoslavia \u00b7 8 \u00b7 (0)"}}]
| false
|
# Dualizing sheaf
In algebraic geometry, the dualizing sheaf on a proper scheme X of dimension n over a field k is a coherent sheaf {\displaystyle \omega _{X}} together with a linear functional
{\displaystyle t_{X}:\operatorname {H} ^{n}(X,\omega _{X})\to k}
that induces a natural isomorphism of vector spaces
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Hom} _{X}(F,\omega _{X})\simeq \operatorname {H} ^{n}(X,F)^{*},\,\varphi \mapsto t_{X}\circ \varphi }
for each coherent sheaf F on X (the superscript * refers to a dual vector space). The linear functional {\displaystyle t_{X}} is called a trace morphism.
A pair {\displaystyle (\omega _{X},t_{X})}, if it is exists, is unique up to a natural isomorphism. In fact, in the language of category theory, {\displaystyle \omega _{X}} is an object representing the contravariant functor {\displaystyle F\mapsto \operatorname {H} ^{n}(X,F)^{*}} from the category of coherent sheaves on X to the category of k-vector spaces.
For a normal projective variety X, the dualizing sheaf exists and it is in fact the canonical sheaf: {\displaystyle \omega _{X}={\mathcal {O}}_{X}(K_{X})} where {\displaystyle K_{X}} is a canonical divisor. More generally, the dualizing sheaf exists for any projective scheme.
There is the following variant of Serre's duality theorem: for a projective scheme X of pure dimension n and a Cohen–Macaulay sheaf F on X such that {\displaystyle \operatorname {Supp} (F)} is of pure dimension n, there is a natural isomorphism
{\displaystyle \operatorname {H} ^{i}(X,F)\simeq \operatorname {H} ^{n-i}(X,\operatorname {{\mathcal {H}}om} (F,\omega _{X}))^{*}}.
In particular, if X itself is a Cohen–Macaulay scheme, then the above duality holds for any locally free sheaf.
## Relative dualizing sheaf
Given a proper finitely presented morphism of schemes {\displaystyle f:X\to Y}, (Kleiman 1980) defines the relative dualizing sheaf {\displaystyle \omega _{f}} or {\displaystyle \omega _{X/Y}} as the sheaf such that for each open subset {\displaystyle U\subset Y} and a quasi-coherent sheaf {\displaystyle F} on {\displaystyle U}, there is a canonical isomorphism
{\displaystyle (f|_{U})^{!}F=\omega _{f}\otimes _{{\mathcal {O}}_{Y}}F},
which is functorial in {\displaystyle F} and commutes with open restrictions.
Example:
If {\displaystyle f} is a local complete intersection morphism between schemes of finite type over a field, then (by definition) each point of {\displaystyle X} has an open neighborhood {\displaystyle U} and a factorization {\displaystyle f|_{U}:U{\overset {i}{\to }}Z{\overset {\pi }{\to }}Y}, a regular embedding of codimension {\displaystyle k} followed by a smooth morphism of relative dimension {\displaystyle r}. Then
{\displaystyle \omega _{f}|_{U}\simeq \wedge ^{r}i^{*}\Omega _{\pi }^{1}\otimes \wedge ^{k}N_{U/Z}}
where {\displaystyle \Omega _{\pi }^{1}} is the sheaf of relative Kähler differentials and {\displaystyle N_{U/Z}} is the normal bundle to {\displaystyle i}.
## Examples
### Dualizing sheaf of a nodal curve
For a smooth curve C, its dualizing sheaf {\displaystyle \omega _{C}} can be given by the canonical sheaf {\displaystyle \Omega _{C}^{1}}.
For a nodal curve C with a node p, we may consider the normalization {\displaystyle \pi :{\tilde {C}}\to C} with two points x, y identified. Let {\displaystyle \Omega _{\tilde {C}}(x+y)} be the sheaf of rational 1-forms on {\displaystyle {\tilde {C}}} with possible simple poles at x and y, and let {\displaystyle \Omega _{\tilde {C}}(x+y)_{0}} be the subsheaf consisting of rational 1-forms with the sum of residues at x and y equal to zero. Then the direct image {\displaystyle \pi _{*}\Omega _{\tilde {C}}(x+y)_{0}} defines a dualizing sheaf for the nodal curve C. The construction can be easily generalized to nodal curves with multiple nodes.
This is used in the construction of the Hodge bundle on the compactified moduli space of curves: it allows us to extend the relative canonical sheaf over the boundary which parametrizes nodal curves. The Hodge bundle is then defined as the direct image of a relative dualizing sheaf.
### Dualizing sheaf of projective schemes
As mentioned above, the dualizing sheaf exists for all projective schemes. For X a closed subscheme of Pn of codimension r, its dualizing sheaf can be given as {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Ext}}_{\mathbf {P} ^{n}}^{r}({\mathcal {O}}_{X},\omega _{\mathbf {P} ^{n}})}. In other words, one uses the dualizing sheaf on the ambient Pn to construct the dualizing sheaf on X.
## Note
1. 1 2 Hartshorne 1977, Ch. III, § 7.
2. ↑ Kollár & Mori 1998, Theorem 5.71.
3. ↑ Kleiman 1980, Definition 6
4. ↑ Arbarello, Cornalba & Griffiths 2011, Ch. X., near the end of § 2.
|
enwiki/47021614
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enwiki
| 47,021,614
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Dualizing sheaf
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualizing_sheaf
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2025-06-28T22:42:12Z
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en
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Q55610054
| 85,939
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{{short description|Concept from algebraic geometry}}
In [[algebraic geometry]], the '''dualizing sheaf''' on a [[proper scheme|proper]] [[scheme (mathematics)|scheme]] ''X'' of dimension ''n'' over a field ''k'' is a [[coherent sheaf]] <math>\omega_X</math> together with a linear functional
:<math>t_X: \operatorname{H}^n(X, \omega_X) \to k</math>
that induces a natural isomorphism of vector spaces
:<math>\operatorname{Hom}_X(F, \omega_X) \simeq \operatorname{H}^n(X, F)^*, \, \varphi \mapsto t_X \circ \varphi</math>
for each coherent sheaf ''F'' on ''X'' (the superscript * refers to a [[dual vector space]]).<ref name=Hartshorne1977Ch.III§7>{{harvnb|Hartshorne|1977|loc=Ch. III, § 7.}}</ref> The linear functional <math>t_X</math> is called a '''trace morphism'''.
A pair <math>(\omega_X, t_X)</math>, if it is exists, is unique up to a natural isomorphism. In fact, in the language of [[category theory]], <math>\omega_X</math> is an [[representing object|object representing]] the contravariant functor <math>F \mapsto \operatorname{H}^n(X, F)^*</math> from the category of coherent sheaves on ''X'' to the category of ''k''-vector spaces.
For a [[normal variety|normal]] projective variety ''X'', the dualizing sheaf exists and it is in fact the [[canonical sheaf]]: <math>\omega_X = \mathcal{O}_X(K_X)</math> where <math>K_X</math> is a [[canonical divisor]]. More generally, the dualizing sheaf exists for any projective scheme.
There is the following variant of [[Serre's duality theorem]]: for a projective scheme ''X'' of pure dimension ''n'' and a [[Cohen–Macaulay sheaf]] ''F'' on ''X'' such that <math>\operatorname{Supp}(F)</math> is of pure dimension ''n'', there is a natural isomorphism<ref>{{harvnb|Kollár|Mori|1998|loc=Theorem 5.71.}}</ref>
:<math>\operatorname{H}^i(X, F) \simeq \operatorname{H}^{n-i}(X, \operatorname{\mathcal{H}om}(F, \omega_X))^*</math>.
In particular, if ''X'' itself is a [[Cohen–Macaulay scheme]], then the above duality holds for any locally free sheaf.<!--==Generalization==
Given a ''S''-scheme ''X'', the '''trace morphism''' is
:<math>f_* \mathcal{O}_X \to \mathcal{O}_S</math>
<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1112/S0010437X15007435 |title=Vanishing of the higher direct images of the structure sheaf |year=2015 |last1=Chatzistamatiou |first1=Andre |last2=Rülling |first2=Kay |journal=Compositio Mathematica |volume=151 |issue=11 |pages=2131–2144 |s2cid=119713757|arxiv=1404.1827 }}</ref>-->
==Relative dualizing sheaf ==
Given a proper finitely presented morphism of schemes <math>f: X \to Y</math>, {{harv|Kleiman|1980}} defines the '''relative dualizing sheaf''' <math>\omega_f</math> or <math>\omega_{X/Y}</math> as<ref>{{harvnb|Kleiman|1980|loc=Definition 6}}</ref> the sheaf such that for each open subset <math>U \subset Y</math> and a quasi-coherent sheaf <math>F</math> on <math>U</math>, there is a canonical isomorphism
:<math>(f|_U)^! F = \omega_f \otimes_{\mathcal{O}_Y} F</math>,
which is functorial in <math>F</math> and commutes with open restrictions.
'''Example''':<ref>{{harvnb|Arbarello|Cornalba|Griffiths|2011|loc=Ch. X., near the end of § 2.}}</ref>
If <math>f</math> is a [[local complete intersection morphism]] between schemes of finite type over a field, then (by definition) each point of <math>X</math> has an open neighborhood <math>U</math> and a factorization <math>f|_U: U \overset{i}\to Z \overset{\pi}\to Y</math>, a [[regular embedding]] of codimension <math>k</math> followed by a [[smooth morphism]] of relative dimension <math>r</math>. Then
:<math>\omega_f |_U \simeq \wedge^r i^* \Omega^1_{\pi} \otimes \wedge^k N_{U/Z}</math>
where <math>\Omega^1_{\pi}</math> is the [[sheaf of relative Kähler differentials]] and <math>N_{U/Z}</math> is the [[normal bundle]] to <math>i</math>.
==Examples==
===Dualizing sheaf of a nodal curve===
For a smooth curve ''C'', its dualizing sheaf <math>\omega_C</math> can be given by the [[canonical sheaf]] <math>\Omega^1_C</math>.
For a nodal curve ''C'' with a node ''p'', we may consider the normalization <math>\pi:\tilde C\to C</math> with two points ''x'', ''y'' identified. Let <math>\Omega_{\tilde C}(x+y)</math> be the sheaf of rational 1-forms on <math>\tilde C</math> with possible simple poles at ''x'' and ''y'', and let <math>\Omega_{\tilde C}(x+y)_0</math> be the subsheaf consisting of rational 1-forms with the sum of residues at ''x'' and ''y'' equal to zero. Then the direct image <math>\pi_*\Omega_{\tilde C}(x+y)_0</math> defines a dualizing sheaf for the nodal curve ''C''. The construction can be easily generalized to nodal curves with multiple nodes.
This is used in the construction of the [[Hodge bundle]] on the compactified [[moduli space of curves]]: it allows us to extend the relative canonical sheaf over the boundary which parametrizes nodal curves. The Hodge bundle is then defined as the direct image of a relative dualizing sheaf.
===Dualizing sheaf of projective schemes===
As mentioned above, the dualizing sheaf exists for all projective schemes. For ''X'' a closed subscheme of '''P'''<sup>''n''</sup> of codimension ''r'', its dualizing sheaf can be given as <math>\mathcal{Ext}^r_{\mathbf{P}^n}(\mathcal{O}_X,\omega_{\mathbf{P}^n})</math>. In other words, one uses the dualizing sheaf on the ambient '''P'''<sup>''n''</sup> to construct the dualizing sheaf on ''X''.{{R|Hartshorne1977Ch.III§7}}
== See also ==
*[[coherent duality]]
*[[reflexive sheaf]]
*[[Gorenstein ring]]
*[[Dualizing module]]
== Note ==
{{reflist}}
== References ==
*{{cite book |last1=Arbarello |first1=E. |last2=Cornalba |first2=M. |last3=Griffiths |first3=P.A.|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-69392-5 |title=Geometry of Algebraic Curves |series=Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften |year=2011 |volume=268 |isbn=978-3-540-42688-2|mr=2807457}}
*{{cite journal |url=http://www.numdam.org/item/CM_1980__41_1_39_0.pdf|title=Relative duality for quasi-coherent sheaves |journal=Compositio Mathematica |year=1980 |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=39–60 |last1=Kleiman |first1=Steven L.|mr=578050}}
*{{Citation | last1=Kollár | first1=János | last2=Mori | first2=Shigefumi | title=Birational geometry of algebraic varieties | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | series=Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics | isbn=978-0-521-63277-5 |mr=1658959 | year=1998 | volume=134}}
*{{Hartshorne AG}}
== External links ==
*{{cite web |last1=Vakil |first1=Ravi |title=FOUNDATIONS OF ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY CLASSES 53 AND 54 |url=http://math.stanford.edu/~vakil/0506-216/216class5354.pdf |website=Math 216: Foundations of algebraic geometry 2005-06}}
*[https://mathoverflow.net/q/211158 Relative dualizing sheaf (reference, behavior)]
[[Category:Algebraic geometry]]
{{algebraic-geometry-stub}}
| 1,297,852,346
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[]
| true
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# Messaoud Berkous
Messaoud Berkous (Arabic: مسعود بركوس, born 20 July 1989) is an Algerian handball player for the Qatari club Al Arabi.
## Career
Messaoud Berkous started his career with JPA Aïn El Bia in the town of Aïn Bya, Oran Province.
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enwiki/41866157
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enwiki
| 41,866,157
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Messaoud Berkous
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messaoud_Berkous
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2025-06-17T04:22:55Z
|
en
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Q16198986
| 50,041
|
{{short description|Algerian handball player (born 1989)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox handball biography
| name = Messaoud Berkous
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|7|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bethioua]], Algeria
| nationality = Algerian
| height = 1.92 m
| position = Left back/ center back
| currentclub = [[Al Arabi SC (handball)|Al Arabi]]
| clubnumber =
| youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2007 | youthclubs1 = JPA Aïn El Bia
| years1 = 2007–2013 | clubs1 = [[GS Pétroliers (handball)|MC Alger / GS Pétroliers]] | caps1 = | goals1 =
| years2 = 2013 | clubs2 = →[[Al Sadd Handball Team|Al Sadd]] (loan) | caps2 = | goals2 =
| years3 = 2013–2014 | clubs3 = [[GS Pétroliers (handball)|GS Pétroliers]] | caps3 = | goals3 =
| years4 = 2014 | clubs4 = →Al-Qurain (loan) | caps4 = | goals4 =
| years5 = 2015–2017 | clubs5 = [[GS Pétroliers (handball)|GS Pétroliers]] | caps5 = | goals5 =
| years6 = 2017 | clubs6 = →[[Zamalek SC (handball)|Zamalek SC]] (loan) | caps6 = | goals6 =
| years7 = 2018 | clubs7 = →CS Sakiet Ezzit (loan) | caps7 = | goals7 =
| years8 = 2018–2020 | clubs8 = [[GS Pétroliers (handball)|GS Pétroliers]] | caps8 = | goals8 =
| years9 = 2021–2023 | clubs9 = [[Istres Provence Handball|Istres]] | caps9 = | goals9 =
| years10 = 2023–2024 | clubs10 = [[Dijon Métropole Handball|Dijon MH]] | caps10 = | goals10 =
| years11 = 2024– | clubs11 = [[Al Arabi SC (handball)|Al Arabi]] | caps11 = | goals11 =
| nationalyears1 = 2007– | nationalteam1 = [[Algeria men's national handball team|Algeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 175 | nationalgoals1 = 763<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ihf.info/files/CompetitionData/153/pdf/ALG.pdf |title=2015 World Championship Roster |publisher=[[International Handball Federation|IHF]] |accessdate=15 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218194641/http://www.ihf.info/files/CompetitionData/153/pdf/ALG.pdf |archivedate=18 December 2014 }}</ref>
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalCompetition|[[African Men's Handball Championship|African Championship]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2014 African Men's Handball Championship|2014 Algeria]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2012 African Men's Handball Championship|2012 Morocco]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2024 African Men's Handball Championship|2024 Egypt]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2008 African Men's Handball Championship|2008 Angola]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2010 African Men's Handball Championship|2010 Egypt]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2020 African Men's Handball Championship|2020 Tunisia]]|}}
}}
'''Messaoud Berkous''' ({{langx|ar|مسعود بركوس}}, born 20 July 1989) is an Algerian [[handball]] player for the [[Qatar]]i club [[Al Arabi SC (handball)|Al Arabi]].
==Career==
Messaoud Berkous started his career with JPA Aïn El Bia in the town of [[Aïn Bya]], [[Oran Province]].
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Sports links}}
* [http://www.eurosport.fr/handball/messaoud-berkous_prs264221/person.shtml Player's profile] – ''[[Eurosport]]''
{{Algeria squad 2015 World Men's Handball Championship}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Berkous, Messaoud}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Algerian male handball players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Oran]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Mediterranean Games competitors for Algeria]]
[[Category:Handball players at the 2009 Mediterranean Games]]
[[Category:Handball players at the 2018 Mediterranean Games]]
[[Category:Handball players at the 2022 Mediterranean Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Algerian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Expatriate handball players in France]]
[[Category:Algerian expatriate handball players]]
[[Category:Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Egypt]]
[[Category:Algerian expatriate sportspeople in France]]
[[Category:Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar]]
{{Algeria-handball-bio-stub}}
| 1,295,995,302
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[{"title": "Personal information", "data": {"Born": "20 July 1989 \u00b7 Bethioua, Algeria", "Nationality": "Algerian", "Height": "1.92 m (6 ft 4 in)", "Playing position": "Left back/ center back"}}, {"title": "Club information", "data": {"Current club": "Al Arabi"}}, {"title": "Youth career", "data": {"Years": "Team", "0000\u20132007": "JPA A\u00efn El Bia"}}, {"title": "Senior clubs", "data": {"Years": "Team", "2007\u20132013": "MC Alger / GS P\u00e9troliers", "2013": "\u2192Al Sadd (loan)", "2013\u20132014": "GS P\u00e9troliers", "2014": "\u2192Al-Qurain (loan)", "2015\u20132017": "GS P\u00e9troliers", "2017": "\u2192Zamalek SC (loan)", "2018": "\u2192CS Sakiet Ezzit (loan)", "2018\u20132020": "GS P\u00e9troliers", "2021\u20132023": "Istres", "2023\u20132024": "Dijon MH", "2024\u2013": "Al Arabi"}}, {"title": "National team", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "2007\u2013": "Algeria \u00b7 175 \u00b7 (763)"}}, {"title": "African Championship", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": "2014 Algeria", "Silver medal \u2013 second place": ["2012 Morocco", "2024 Egypt"], "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": ["2008 Angola", "2010 Egypt", "2020 Tunisia"]}}, {"title": "Algeria squad \u2013 Men's handball \u2013 2015 World Championship \u2013 24th place", "data": {"5 Chentout 6 Berkous 7 Daoud 10 Boultif 12 Benmenni 13 Chahbour 14 Soudani 15 Boukhmis 16 Bousmal 17 Berriah 18 Kaabeche 19 Hamoud 20 Biloum 21 Mokrani 22 Slahdji 24 Layadi 25 Filah Coach: Zeguili": "Algeria"}}]
| false
|
# Hargrave, Suffolk
Hargrave is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England, located about 7 miles (10 km) away from south west of Bury St Edmunds. It lies at the crossroads from Ousden and Lady's Green (west), Chevington (east), Barrow, Suffolk (north), and Wickhambrook (in the south).
The village has approximately 120 dwellings, two churches and a village hall (built and funded by the village).
## History
Around the turn of the first millennium, East Anglia was continuously being ravaged by invading Danes, leading to questions as to whether the nineteen local residents recorded in the Domesday Survey (1086) were surviving East Angles or were of Scandinavian origin. Prior to the Norman Conquest, the manor lands of Haragraua (Hares Grove) had been held by Aluiet, one of four freewomen of West Suffolk. The Anglo Saxon form of the name is Haran-grafa with Haran meaning "hare" and grafa meaning "grave" or "trench". It is recorded that she held 480 acres (1.9 km2) of land and the church. Some four fifths of the medieval churches of Suffolk were already in existence at the time of the Conquest, and it is probable that Hargrave was one of them, although the oldest surviving fabric of the building dates from the Norman period of architecture. It is also probable that a medieval hall existed in the vicinity of the present church and hall (although the existing Hargrave Hall dates from mid-sixteenth century), and that its nineteen early residents also lived in that area. These residents predominantly worked in sheep and pig farming.
Following the Conquest, the manor became one of more than three hundred holdings of the abbey, held at the time of Domesday by William De Waterville and subsequently, by the monks, Ralph the Falconer of Barrow and Robert Payne. At the time of the dissolution of the monasteries, it passed to Sir Thomas Kitson, and in 1717 was sold to the Earl of Bristol to become part of the Ickworth Estate.
In 1912, the area of land under cultivation in Hargrave was 1,781 acres (7.21 km2), a mere twenty percent increase in the eight hundred years that had elapsed since Domesday. The population of the village developed equally slowly, and for the first five hundred years following the Domesday record, it was virtually static. It then grew to 324 during the next three hundred years, due to the change in agriculture towards corn farming, and reached its peak of 520 in 1861. From then, the great depression in agriculture caused an exodus from the villages to the towns. Hargrave's population decreased to 264 by 1931, and has remained approximately the same since.
There has been a marked change in the occupations of the residents of the village. Two hundred years ago, 86 people from 64 families were engaged in agriculture, and in 1931, 77% of the families were similarly employed. Today, less than one tenth of its residents are employed on the farms in the village. More than double that number are employed outside the village in retail and services industries, and in public sector and local government occupations. Almost three-quarters of its working residents commute to their place of work.
## Demography
According to the Office for National Statistics, at the time of the 2001 United Kingdom census, Hargrave had a population of 273 with 110 households. increasing to a population of 310 in 120 households at the 2011 census.
### Population change
| Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891 |
| Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1881 | 1891 | | |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Population | 324 | 313 | 360 | 394 | 457 | 489 | 420 | 378 | | |
| Source: A Vision of Britain Through Time | | | | | | | | | | |
| Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 | Population growth in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001 |
| Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1951 | 1961 | 2001 | 2011 | | | |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Population | 337 | 304 | 252 | 264 | 238 | 228 | 273 | 310 | | | |
| Source: A Vision of Britain Through Time | | | | | | | | | | | |
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enwiki/3026691
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enwiki
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Hargrave, Suffolk
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hargrave,_Suffolk
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2025-06-18T18:11:34Z
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en
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Q2606826
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2025}}
[[File:UK Hargrave (Suffolk).jpg|thumb|left|Signpost in Hargrave]]
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name= Hargrave
| country= England
| region= East of England
| os_grid_reference=
| coordinates = {{coord|52.206|0.589|display=inline,title}}
| population= 310
| population_ref= (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11124235&c=Hargrave&d=16&e=62&g=6466899&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1471857010778&enc=1|title=Civil Parish population 2011|access-date=22 August 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}</ref>
| post_town= [[Bury St Edmunds]]
| postcode_area= IP
| postcode_district= IP29
| dial_code=
| shire_county= [[Suffolk]]
| shire_district= [[West Suffolk (district)|West Suffolk]]
| hide_services= Yes
| static_image_name= Hargrave Church - geograph.org.uk - 336337.jpg
| static_image_width=
| static_image_caption= St Edmund Church
}}
'''Hargrave''' is a village and [[civil parish]] in the [[West Suffolk (district)|West Suffolk]] district of [[Suffolk]] in eastern England, located about 7 miles (10 km) away from south west of [[Bury St Edmunds]]. It lies at the crossroads from [[Ousden]] and Lady's Green (west), [[Chevington, Suffolk|Chevington]] (east), [[Barrow, Suffolk]] (north), and [[Wickhambrook]] (in the south).
The village has approximately 120 dwellings, two churches and a village hall (built and funded by the village).
==History==
Around the turn of the first millennium, East Anglia was continuously being ravaged by invading Danes, leading to questions as to whether the nineteen local residents recorded in the [[Domesday Survey]] (1086) were surviving East Angles or were of Scandinavian origin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Hargrave, in St Edmundsbury and Suffolk {{!}} Map and description|url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/7246|access-date=2020-07-22|website=www.visionofbritain.org.uk}}</ref> Prior to the [[Norman Conquest]], the manor lands of Haragraua (Hares Grove) had been held by Aluiet, one of four freewomen of West Suffolk. The Anglo Saxon form of the name is Haran-grafa with ''Haran'' meaning "hare" and ''grafa'' meaning "grave" or "trench".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/placenamesofsuff00skearich#page/40/mode/2up|title = The place-names of Suffolk|year = 1913}}</ref> It is recorded that she held {{convert|480|acre|km2}} of land and the church. Some four fifths of the medieval churches of Suffolk were already in existence at the time of the Conquest, and it is probable that Hargrave was one of them, although the oldest surviving fabric of the building dates from the Norman period of architecture. It is also probable that a medieval hall existed in the vicinity of the present church and hall (although the existing Hargrave Hall dates from mid-sixteenth century), and that its nineteen early residents also lived in that area. These residents predominantly worked in sheep and pig farming.
Following the Conquest, the manor became one of more than three hundred holdings of the abbey, held at the time of Domesday by William De Waterville and subsequently, by the monks, Ralph the Falconer of Barrow and Robert Payne. At the time of the [[dissolution of the monasteries]], it passed to Sir Thomas Kitson, and in 1717 was sold to the Earl of Bristol to become part of the Ickworth Estate.
In 1912, the area of land under cultivation in Hargrave was {{convert|1781|acre|km2}}, a mere twenty percent increase in the eight hundred years that had elapsed since Domesday. The population of the village developed equally slowly, and for the first five hundred years following the Domesday record, it was virtually static. It then grew to 324 during the next three hundred years, due to the change in agriculture towards corn farming, and reached its peak of 520 in 1861. From then, the great depression in agriculture caused an exodus from the villages to the towns. Hargrave's population decreased to 264 by 1931, and has remained approximately the same since.
There has been a marked change in the occupations of the residents of the village. Two hundred years ago, 86 people from 64 families were engaged in agriculture, and in 1931, 77% of the families were similarly employed. Today, less than one tenth of its residents are employed on the farms in the village. More than double that number are employed outside the village in retail and services industries, and in public sector and local government occupations. Almost three-quarters of its working residents commute to their place of work.
==Demography==
According to the [[Office for National Statistics]], at the time of the [[2001 United Kingdom census]], Hargrave had a population of 273 with 110 households.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suffolk.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/A546F6B2-3218-4537-9398-384E6BA430C5/0/CensusParishdata.pdf|title=Suffolk County Council - 2001 Census Profiles|access-date=2011-02-22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928072020/http://www.suffolk.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/A546F6B2-3218-4537-9398-384E6BA430C5/0/CensusParishdata.pdf|archive-date=2011-09-28}}</ref> increasing to a population of 310 in 120 households at the 2011 census.
===Population change===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:70%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;"
! colspan="11" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|[[Population growth]] in Hargrave from 1801 to 1891
|-
! style="background: #99CCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Year
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1801
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1811
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1821
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1831
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1841
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1851
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1881
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1891
|- Align="center"
! style="background: #99CCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Population
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 324
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 313
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 360
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 394
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 457
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 489
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 420
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 378
|-
| colspan="11" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>'''Source: ''A Vision of Britain Through Time'''''<ref name="usual resident population">{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10256525&c_id=10001043&add=N |title=A Vision of Britain Through Time |publisher=University of Portsmouth & others |access-date=2011-02-22}}</ref></small>
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:70%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;"
! colspan="12" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|[[Population growth]] in Hargrave from 1901 to 2001
|-
! style="background: #99CCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Year
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1901
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1911
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1921
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1931
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1951
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1961
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2001
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2011
|- Align="center"
! style="background: #99CCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Population
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 337
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 304
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 252
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 264
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 238
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 228
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 273
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 310
|-
| colspan="12" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>'''Source: ''A Vision of Britain Through Time'''''</small><ref name="usual resident population"/>
|}
==Location grid==
{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Neighbouring villages, and hamlets'''
|Northwest = [[Denham, St Edmundsbury|Denham]]
|North = [[Barrow, Suffolk|Barrow]]
|Northeast = [[Great Saxham]]
|West = [[Ousden]]
|Centre = Hargrave
|East = [[Chevington, Suffolk|Chevington]]
|Southwest = [[Wickhambrook]]
|South = [[Depden]]
|Southeast = [[Chedburgh]]
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Hargrave, Suffolk|Hargrave}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080820001335/http://www.onesuffolk.co.uk/HargravePC/ onesuffolk website]
*[http://www.suffolkchurches.co.uk/hargrave.htm St Edmund's Church]
{{West Suffolk|state=expanded}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Villages in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Borough of St Edmundsbury]]
| 1,296,229,906
|
[{"title": "Hargrave", "data": {"Population": "310 (2011)", "District": "- West Suffolk", "Shire county": "- Suffolk", "Region": "- East", "Country": "England", "Sovereign state": "United Kingdom", "Post town": "Bury St Edmunds", "Postcode district": "IP29"}}]
| false
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# Tanya Schmoller
Tanya Schmoller (3 March 1918 – 14 January 2016) was a Uruguayan-born British historian of graphic art, and the personal assistant to Allen Lane, the co-founder of Penguin Books.
She was born in Conchillas, Uruguay on 3 March 1918.
In 1950, she married Hans Schmoller, Penguin's typographer, and had one step-daughter and one son.
Schmoller died in Sheffield, England, on 14 January 2016.
## Collection
- Manchster, Manchester Metropolitan University Special Collection Museum: Schmoller Collection of Decorated Papers[4]
## Notable publications
- Hans Schmoller ; Tanya Schmoller ; Henry Morris: Chinese decorated papers. "Chinoiserie for three". Bird & Bull Press, Newtown, Pa. 1987.
- Remondini and Rizzi. A chapter in Italian decorated paper history. Oak Knoll Books, New Castle, Del. 1990.
- Sheffield papermakers. 3 centuries of papermaking in the Sheffield area. Allenholme Press, Wylam 1992.
- To Brighten Things Up. The Schmoller Collection of Decorated Papers. With a foreword by Mirjam Foot, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. ISBN 978-1-905476-27-5.
|
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Q24844449
| 27,794
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Tanya Schmoller''' (3 March 1918 – 14 January 2016) was a Uruguayan-born British historian of graphic art, and the personal assistant to [[Allen Lane]], the co-founder of [[Penguin Books]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/tanya-schmoller-penguin-books-devotee-who-was-pa-to-its-co-founder-allen-lane-and-later-a-historian-a6871026.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/tanya-schmoller-penguin-books-devotee-who-was-pa-to-its-co-founder-allen-lane-and-later-a-historian-a6871026.html |archive-date=26 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|publisher=independent.co.uk|title=Tanya Schmoller: Penguin Books devotee who was PA to its co-founder Allen Lane and later a historian of graphic art | The Independent|accessdate=2016-09-09}}</ref><ref name="sheffieldtelegraph">{{cite web|url=http://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/news/local/sheffield-art-expert-and-passionate-luis-suarez-fan-dies-at-97-1-7699874|publisher=sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk|title=Sheffield art expert and passionate Luis Suarez fan dies at 97 - Sheffield Telegraph|accessdate=2016-09-09}}</ref>
She was born in [[Conchillas]], Uruguay on 3 March 1918.<ref name="independent"/>
In 1950, she married [[Hans Schmoller]], Penguin's typographer, and had one step-daughter and one son.<ref name="independent"/><ref name="telegraph">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/7926458/A-touch-of-Frost-the-story-of-Penguins-secret-editor.html|publisher=telegraph.co.uk|title=A touch of Frost: the story of Penguin's secret editor - Telegraph|accessdate=2016-09-09}}</ref>
Schmoller died in Sheffield, England, on 14 January 2016.<ref name="independent"/>
== Collection ==
* Manchster, Manchester Metropolitan University Special Collection Museum: Schmoller Collection of Decorated Papers<ref>Schmoller Collection of Decorated Papers [https://www.mmu.ac.uk/special-collections-museum/collections/schmoller-collection-of-decorated-papers]</ref>
==Notable publications==
* Hans Schmoller ; Tanya Schmoller ; Henry Morris: ''Chinese decorated papers. "Chinoiserie for three"''. Bird & Bull Press, Newtown, Pa. 1987.
* Remondini and Rizzi. A chapter in Italian decorated paper history. Oak Knoll Books, New Castle, Del. 1990.
* Sheffield papermakers. 3 centuries of papermaking in the Sheffield area. Allenholme Press, Wylam 1992.
* ''To Brighten Things Up. The Schmoller Collection of Decorated Papers.'' With a foreword by Mirjam Foot, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. ISBN 978-1-905476-27-5.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schmoller, Tanya}}
[[Category:British women historians]]
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Penguin Books people]]
[[Category:Uruguayan emigrants]]
[[Category:Uruguayan emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
| 1,288,610,205
|
[]
| false
|
# Kieran O'Reilly (performer)
Kieran O'Reilly (born 13 September 1979) is an Irish actor, musician and producer. He is also the songwriter and lead vocalist of the Irish alternative rock band, Hail The Ghost and his solo project, Kopium. He is best known for his controversial role as Detective Garda Ciarán Madden in RTÉ's hit crime drama, Love/Hate, and his role as 'White Hair' in the Emmy Award-winning television show, Vikings.
## Early life and career
O'Reilly was born Kieran Mark O'Reilly and is a twin. He grew up in Dublin, Ireland, and was educated at St. Kilians National School in Tallaght and Synge Street CBS in Dublin's City Centre. On leaving school, he worked as a clerk in the Special Detective Unit in Dublin and in 2000, he enrolled in the Garda Síochána (Ireland's National Police Force). He was stationed at Pearse Street Garda Station in the city centre where he worked in uniform and then in the District Drug Unit. He was then transferred to the National Drug Unit based in Dublin Castle, where he sometimes worked undercover.
## Law enforcement
Kieran O'Reilly is reported to have worked on more than 500 police investigations and was the lead investigating detective in the D.P.P. - vs - Sunny Idah case. Idah was convicted of conspiracy to import controlled drugs into Ireland from Brazil and was sentenced to 13 years in prison. O'Reilly also infiltrated 'Gangland Limerick' whilst living as a heroin addict, in one of the most high profile long-term undercover drugs operations in An Garda Siochana's history. He was also involved in the seizure of €29 million worth of cocaine which resulted in lengthy prison sentences for both Gareth Hopkins and Abraham Shodiya.
## Acting
In 2013, O'Reilly auditioned for a part in the RTÉ crime drama, Love/Hate, securing the role of Detective Ciarán Madden. He first appeared on Irish television screens on 12 October 2013 as part of the opening sequence to Episode 2 (Love/Hate Season 4) playing the part of an undercover cop posing as a drug addict ("Heggo"). This role caused some controversy amongst top ranking officers, in particular, the then Commissioner, Martin Callinan. He ordered an inquiry into O'Reilly's appearance in the show, despite the fact that O'Reilly had not infringed any regulations of the Police Code of Conduct. O'Reilly featured in Irish newspapers for several months and despite being transferred to The National Immigration Bureau, was cleared of all matters in 2014.
O'Reilly's acting debut was well received by the Irish public and he was credited as a natural talent. His Love/Hate co-star, actor, Brían F. O'Byrne, praised O'Reilly's acting, stating, "He has a rare natural talent. As an actor, Kieran possesses an ease, a fluency and creativity on set that belies his novice status". He was also described by Love/Hate creator, Stuart Carolan, as "a pretty amazing actor". The Sunday Times journalist Liam Fay wrote: "...but its initial believability has been enhanced by a strikingly rough-edged performance from Kieran O'Reilly, a real-life undercover Garda". O'Reilly filmed Love/Hate Season 5 in 2014. He is currently a member of the Bow Street Academy for Screen Acting.
O'Reilly joined the cast of Vikings in 2017 playing the role of 'White Hair' across Seasons 5 and 6. O'Reilly's character met his demise in what has been described as the best one-on-one fight in the history of the show, when 'White Hair' took on lead actress Katheryn Winnick who played 'Lagertha', in what would be 'Lagertha's' last battle before being killed herself by 'Hvitserk'. The fight sequence was shot on location in Ireland over several days with both actors reportedly doing all the stunts themselves.
## Music
### Doris
Kieran O'Reilly began playing music in 2003, teaching himself how to play the drums. That same year, he joined Dublin pop/rock band, Doris. O'Reilly was a central figure in the band's development and assisted in the releasing of the band's first two singles, "Will I Ever Learn" and "Stop". During O'Reilly's time in the band, they were selected by Hot Press Magazine to have a music video shot for "Will I Ever Learn" in conjunction with the Tisch School of the Arts, New York University. O'Reilly left the band in 2007.
### White McKenzie
O'Reilly formed White McKenzie in 2010 with a group of friends. He was the sole vocalist and songwriter for the band. In 2011, in only the band's third live performance, they played in the final of the Shercock Battle of the Bands competition, competing for a place to play in the Glastonbury Festival in the UK; however they missed out on the top prize to Irish blues band, Crow Black Chicken. O'Reilly and friends later released a 7 track Mini Album/E.P. entitled Absence. The sleeve image for this E.P. was provided by Rob Hann (New York City). In November 2011, Jackie Hayden of Hot Press Magazine chose Absence as his "Pick of the Fortnight". White McKenzie also opened the Kildare leg of the First Music Contact Tour on 9 November 2012, sharing the stage with Squarehead, We Cut Corners and The Lost Brothers. White McKenzie released their single, 'Heatseeker' in late 2012, shortly before the band broke up. Sensing band members were moving in different directions, O'Reilly decided to leave the band. "I just felt that I didn't really want to pursue it any longer, and I wanted to preserve the friendships that were there. Which we did, we're all still great friends. I just felt that we didn't know what we were doing, and I think the lads felt the same". The band were described by Today FM presenter, Ian Dempsey, as "really top quality". In 2016, several White McKenzie tracks were featured in the Irish film, "Coming Home" by Cathal Kenna.
### Hail The Ghost
In 2014 O'Reilly formed Hail The Ghost which includes two former White McKenzie members, Ian Corr (piano/keys) and Eamon Young (guitars). O'Reilly spent 2014 writing and producing the band's debut album Forsaken with Corr, Young and Martin Quinn of JAM Studios who co-produced and engineered the album. The album features O'Reilly playing drums, guitar and vocals. He credits The National, The Antlers and Elbow as influences when he was composing the album's songs which would be: "a piece that would have that cohesive feel to it, we would have that thematic thing and we would also have a story, beginning to end. Though it's not necessarily a story [in a book] sense, but like an actual journey." The band's song, 'LAZISE' was used by the G.A.A. in their advertising campaign for the 'GAA NOW' initiative throughout the 2017 All-Ireland Championships. The online video was played 700,000 times in four weeks."
Hail The Ghost released their second studio album, 'Arrhythmia' on 6 December 2019 with The Irish Times referring to the album as a "smart collection of intelligent and sensitive rock... [that will] do the heart and soul good". Hot Press Magazine reported: "Last time round, we described them as "atmospheric indie", but 'Arrhythmia' is composed of bleaker soundscapes, more reminiscent of Joy Division".
### Kieran O'Reilly & Ragga Ragnars
On 5 February 2020, Kieran O'Reilly released "Broken Wings" with his on-screen Vikings co-star and former double Olympian, Ragga Ragnars. The pair co-wrote the track before recording the song in JAM Studios in Ireland with Martin Quinn recording, mixing and mastering. The track was produced by Kieran O'Reilly and Martin Quinn. Hot Press Magazine described the song as "an absolute pearler". The music video for the track was filmed on location in Iceland by Ragnars' brother and filmmaker, Gudjon Ragnarsson.
### Kopium
2025 saw the release of Kieran O'Reilly's first solo material under the moniker, 'Kopium'. His debut single, 'Sail' featured on RTÉ_2XM's 'The London Ear' as the recommended track of the week. Rotate Magazine wrote: "Sail" introduces listeners to this tonal shift with its delicate melodies and introspective lyrics. The track is steeped in melancholy, weaving O’Reilly’s evocative vocals with a subtle instrumental backdrop that underscores the vulnerability of his storytelling. It’s a mesmerizing start, promising a cohesive yet varied journey through, The Weeping Willow".
Kopium's debut album, 'The Weeping Willow' was released on February 28th 2025 on O'Reilly's White Heart Records. In reviewing the album for 'The Irish Post', Tony Clayton-Lea stated: "As implied by the album title, the mellow music hints towards the sombre and reflective; the song narratives, too, outline a rare poignancy that occasionally nods to the melancholy yields of Nick Cave and Richard Hawley, and the spooky spirit of Roy Orbison". Hotpress Magazine wrote on the release of the single 'No Thorns': "'No Thorns' is a mellow yet incredibly transporting ballad, both reflective and conversational in nature. With the musician’s buttery-smooth voice and the warmth of the song’s arrangements, 'No Thorns' makes for a poignant and terribly exciting new number from the Irish musician and actor."
## Writing
O'Reilly wrote the screenplay for the Irish feature film, 'For Molly', which premiered on October 4, 2018. He wrote the film in just four months and when asked about how he began writing, O'Reilly credited Love/Hate writer, Stuart Carolan with being the primary inspiration - stating, "I have been writing ever since I picked up Stuart Carolan’s script [for Love/Hate] because when I picked up that script, I thought: I want to be a writer." O'Reilly is reported to have written numerous screenplays since starting to write in 2013.
## Sport
O’Reilly was a member of the Sportsworld A.C. in Dublin. He competed in both track and cross-country. In 1999, at just 19 years of age, O’Reilly finished 7th in the National Under 23 Irish Championships in the 400m, with Olympians Paul Oppermann taking gold and James Nolan taking bronze.
O’Reilly joined Mount Tallant Boxing Club in 1996 where he was trained by former double Olympian, Mick Dowling. In 1998 O’Reilly won the Dublin and Leinster Novice Middleweight Boxing Titles. In 1999 he won the Dublin and Leinster Intermediate Light-Heavyweight Boxing Titles, defeating Martin Sweeney of Phoenix Boxing Club in the Leinster final. In 2002, O’Reilly was defeated by Jamie Power of St. Francis Boxing Club in the quarter-finals of the National Irish Junior Championships. In 2003, O’Reilly won gold at the World Police and Fire Games in Barcelona in the Intermediate Light-Heavyweight division.
## Filmography
### Film/Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| 2013–2014 | Love/Hate | Heggo/Det. Ciaran Madden | TV drama – 11 episodes |
| 2014 | Hail The Ghost: Headstoned | Himself | (Music Video) Writer |
| 2015 | Little Bear | Man | Short film |
| 2015 | Battlefield Hardline | Gamer | Promo |
| 2015 | Bully | Mr Fallon | Film |
| 2016 | Prodigy | News Reporter | Short film |
| 2016 | Rebellion | Captain Robert Barton | TV drama - 3 episodes |
| 2017–2020 | Vikings | White Hair | TV drama - 10 episodes |
| 2017 | The Professor and the Madman | Minor's Father | Film |
| 2018 | For Molly | Evan Brady | Film (Writer) |
| 2018 | Her Name Is | Male Addict | Short Film |
| 2020 | Bloomsday Lock-In | Bloom | Film |
| 2020 | Broken Wings | Himself | (Music Video) Writer |
| 2020 | Poster Boys | Dermot | Film |
| 2021 | Save Me From Everything | Martin Von | Film |
| 2021 | Wanna Hang Out? | Brian | Short Film |
| 2021 | Dalgliesh | Henry Yates | TV show - 1 episode |
| 2022 | North Sea Connection | James | TV show - 1 episode |
| 2023 | Missing | Frankie | Short Film |
| 2025 | El Turco | Skeletwolf | TV Drama - 5 episodes |
## Discography
### Albums
| Year | Album details |
| ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| 2011 | White McKenzie – Absence - Released: 30 September 2011 - Label: Independent - Formats: CD/Digital - Band: White McKenzie |
| 2015 | Hail The Ghost – Forsaken - Released: 6 March 2015 - Label: Independent - Formats: CD/Digital - Band: Hail The Ghost |
| 2019 | Hail The Ghost – Arrhythmia - Released: 6 December 2019 - Label: Independent - Formats: CD/Vinyl/Digital Download - Band: Hail The Ghost |
| 2020 | White McKenzie – Dust on the Attic Floor - Released: 11 May 2020 - Label: White Heart Records - Formats: Digital Download - Band: White McKenzie |
| 2022 | Ears Have Walls – Ears Have Walls - Released: 30 September 2022 - Label: Independent - Formats: Digital Download - Band: Ears Have Walls |
| 2025 | Kopium - The Weeping Willow - Released: 28 February 2025 - Label: White Heart Records - Formats: Digital Download/Streaming - Band: Kopium |
### Singles
| Year | Single | Band | Peak chart positions |
| Year | Single | Band | IRE |
| ---- | ------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| 2006 | "Will I Ever Learn" | Doris | 22 |
| 2007 | "Stop" | Doris | 32 |
| 2012 | "Heatseeker" | White McKenzie | – |
| 2014 | "Headstoned" | Hail The Ghost | 1 |
| 2015 | "Colony of Ants" | Hail The Ghost | 16 |
| 2019 | "Sweet Samurai" | Hail The Ghost | n/a |
| 2020 | "Broken Wings" | Kieran O'Reilly & Ragga Ragnars | n/a |
| 2020 | "Kalta" | Ears Have Walls | n/a |
| 2020 | "Ouden" | Ears Have Walls | n/a |
| 2020 | "Mercury Falls" | Hail the Ghost | n/a |
| 2020 | "Petrichor" | Ears Have Walls | n/a |
| 2020 | "Wishbone" | Hail the Ghost | n/a |
| 2020 | "Reflection" | Magellanic Cloud | n/a |
| 2020 | "Saint Jude" | Ears Have Walls | n/a |
| 2020 | "Up River" | Ears Have Walls | n/a |
| 2023 | "Bloodflow" | Eurelle & Hail The Ghost | n/a |
| 2023 | "Lovesong" | Hail The Ghost | n/a |
| 2025 | "Sail" | Kopium | n/a |
| 2025 | "Blue Child Gypsy Dancer" | Kopium | n/a |
| 2025 | "No Thorns" | Kopium | n/a |
## Awards and nominations
| Year | Work | Award | Result |
| ---- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | --------- |
| 2016 | Little Bear | Discovery Award, Dublin International Film Festival | Nominated |
| 2021 | Save Me From Everything | Best Actor in Male Role, Richard Harris Film Festival | Nominated |
| 2022 | Save Me From Everything | Best Actor, Massachusetts Indie Film Festival | Nominated |
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{{Short description|Irish actor and musician}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Kieran O Reilly
| image = Kieran O'Reilly in Dublin, Jan 2017.jpg
| image_size =
| landscape =
| alt =
| caption = O'Reilly in Dublin, Ireland in 2017
| background = solo_singer
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1979|09|13}}
| birth_place = Ireland
| origin =
| genre = Alternative, indie, rock
| occupation = Musician, producer, actor, writer, police officer
| instrument = Vocals, drums, guitar
| years_active = 2003–present
| label = Independent
| associated_acts = Doris, White McKenzie, Kieran O'Reilly & [[Ragnheiður Ragnarsdóttir|Ragga Ragnars]],<ref name=unratedmag>{{cite web|url=https://www.unratedmag.com/vikings-season-5-stars-kieran-oreilly-ragga-ragnars/ |title=Vikings (season 5 & 6) Stars Kieran O'Reilly & Ragga Ragnars |publisher=unratedmag.com |date=5 March 2020 |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=jam_ragna>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamstudios.ie/listNews.php |title=Kieran O'Reilly and Ragga Ragnars release their debut single 'Broken Wings' |publisher=jamstudios.ie |date=6 February 2020 |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref> Ears Have Walls,<ref name=lostlane_ehw>{{cite web|url=https://lostlane.ie/gig/ears-have-walls/ |title=Ears Have Walls |publisher=lostlanes.ie |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref> & [[Hail The Ghost]]
}}
'''Kieran O'Reilly''' (born 13 September 1979) is an Irish actor, musician and producer. He is also the songwriter and lead vocalist of the Irish [[alternative rock]] band, [[Hail The Ghost]] and his solo project, Kopium.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goldenplec.com/vikings-actor-kieran-oreilly-delivers-first-solo-single-under-the-moniker-kopium/ |title=Vikings actor Kieran O’Reilly delivers first solo single under the moniker KOPIUM |publisher=GoldenPlec |date=22 January 2025 |accessdate=11 April 2025}}</ref> He is best known for his controversial role as Detective [[Garda Síochána|Garda]] Ciarán Madden in [[RTÉ]]'s hit crime drama, ''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]'',<ref>''The Star'', 15 October 2013, p. 1.</ref> and his role as 'White Hair' in the [[Emmy Award]]-winning television show, ''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]''.<ref name=ind_location /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a30547475/vikings-season-6-bloodbath-episode-6-katheryn-winnick-kieran-reilly/ |title=Vikings star reveals what was "very difficult" about epic bloodbath scene |publisher=digitalspy.com |date=16 January 2020 |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/vikings-season-6-how-spoilers-fate-could-have-been-avoided.html/ |title='Vikings' Season 6: How [SPOILER'S] Fate Could Have Been Avoided |publisher=cheatsheet.com |date=25 January 2020 |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref>
== Early life and career ==
O'Reilly was born Kieran Mark O'Reilly and is a twin. He grew up in [[Dublin]], Ireland, and was educated at St. Kilians National School in [[Tallaght]] and [[Synge Street CBS]] in Dublin's City Centre. On leaving school, he worked as a clerk in the Special Detective Unit in Dublin and in 2000, he enrolled in the [[Garda Síochána]] (Ireland's National Police Force).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irishecho.com/2011/02/the-finest-garda-pugs-prove-quicker-to-punch-2/ |title=The Finest? Garda pugs prove quicker to punch |publisher=irishecho.com |date=16 February 2000 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref> He was stationed at Pearse Street Garda Station in the city centre where he worked in uniform and then in the District Drug Unit.<ref>''The Irish Times'', 24 June 2005, p. 23.</ref> He was then transferred to the National Drug Unit based in [[Dublin Castle]], where he sometimes worked undercover.<ref>''The Irish Independent'', 14 October 2013, pp. 2–3.</ref>
== Law enforcement ==
Kieran O'Reilly is reported to have worked on more than 500 police investigations<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/whats-on/film-and-tv/lovehate-garda-kieran-oreilly-moved-3010840 |title=Love/Hate: Garda Kieran O'Reilly moved from drugs unit over TV role |publisher=irishmirror.com |date=11 January 2014 |accessdate=13 July 2022}}</ref> and was the lead investigating detective in the D.P.P. - vs - Sunny Idah case.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/trafficker-jailed-for-13-year-after-soliciting-garda-to-act-as-drug-mule-26854891.html |title=Trafficker jailed for 13 year after soliciting garda to act as drug mule |publisher=independent.ie |date=18 May 2012 |accessdate=15 July 2022}}</ref> Idah was convicted of conspiracy to import controlled drugs into Ireland from Brazil and was sentenced to 13 years in prison.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-30545302.html |title=Drug accused had several international phone numbers, court hears |publisher=irishexaminer.com |date=28 March 2012 |accessdate=13 July 2022}}</ref> O'Reilly also infiltrated 'Gangland Limerick' whilst living as a heroin addict,<ref>''The Irish Independent'', 14 October 2013, pp. 2–3.</ref> in one of the most high profile long-term undercover drugs operations in An Garda Siochana's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-10088979.html |title=Six arrested in major Limerick heroin raid |publisher=irishexaminer.com |date=3 February 2005 |accessdate=13 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/gardai-arrest-six-in-limerick-drugs-raid-1.411757 |title=Gardai arrest six in Limerick drugs raid |publisher=irishtimes.com |date=3 February 2005 |accessdate=13 July 2022}}</ref> He was also involved in the seizure of €29 million worth of cocaine which resulted in lengthy prison sentences for both Gareth Hopkins and Abraham Shodiya. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/ireland/the-irish-mail-on-sunday/20131222/281616713192332 |title=€29m drugs trial was threatened over garda's acting role in Love/Hate |publisher=The Irish Mail |date=22 December 2013 |accessdate=15 July 2022}}</ref>
== Acting ==
In 2013, O'Reilly auditioned for a part in the RTÉ crime drama, ''Love/Hate'', securing the role of Detective Ciarán Madden. He first appeared on Irish television screens on 12 October 2013 as part of the opening sequence to Episode 2 (''Love/Hate'' Season 4) playing the part of an undercover cop posing as a drug addict ("Heggo").<ref>''The Star'', 16 October 2013, p. 8.</ref> This role caused some controversy amongst top ranking officers, in particular, the then Commissioner, Martin Callinan. He ordered an inquiry into O'Reilly's appearance in the show, despite the fact that O'Reilly had not infringed any regulations of the Police Code of Conduct.<ref>''The Herald'', 21 October 2013, p. 1.</ref> O'Reilly featured in Irish newspapers for several months and despite being transferred to The National Immigration Bureau,<ref>''Irish Independent'', 11 January 2014, p. 7.</ref> was cleared of all matters in 2014.
O'Reilly's acting debut was well received by the Irish public and he was credited as a natural talent. His ''Love/Hate'' co-star,<ref>''Irish Independent'', 15 October 2014, p. 6.</ref> actor, [[Brían F. O'Byrne]], praised O'Reilly's acting, stating, "He has a rare natural talent. As an actor, Kieran possesses an ease, a fluency and creativity on set that belies his novice status". He was also described by ''Love/Hate'' creator, [[Stuart Carolan]], as "a pretty amazing actor".<ref>''The Star'', 15 October 2014, pp. 1–3.</ref> The Sunday Times journalist Liam Fay wrote: "...but its initial believability has been enhanced by a strikingly rough-edged performance from Kieran O'Reilly, a real-life undercover Garda".<ref>''The Sunday Times – Culture'', 20 October 2013, p. 28.</ref> O'Reilly filmed ''Love/Hate'' Season 5 in 2014.<ref>''The Star'', 5 April 2014, p. 17.</ref><ref>''The Sunday World'', 13 April 2014, p. 1.</ref><ref>''The Daily Mirror'', 2 May 2014, p. 25.</ref> He is currently a member of the Bow Street Academy for Screen Acting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.herald.ie/going-out/take-a-bow-screen-stars-pay-tribute-as-new-acting-academy-opens-its-doors-31001318.html/ |title=Take a Bow |publisher=herald.ie |date=18 February 2015 |accessdate=26 February 2015}}</ref>
O'Reilly joined the cast of Vikings in 2017 playing the role of 'White Hair' across Seasons 5 and 6. O'Reilly's character met his demise in what has been described as the best one-on-one fight in the history of the show, when 'White Hair' took on lead actress [[Katheryn Winnick]] who played '[[Lagertha]]', in what would be 'Lagertha's' last battle before being killed herself by '[[Hvitserk]]'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2020/01/08/vikings-season-6-episode-6-recap-and-review-death-and-the-serpent-and-a-big-farewell/ |title='Vikings' Season 6, episode 6 Recap And Review: 'Death And The Serpent' And A Sad Farewell |work=forbes.com |date=8 January 2020 |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/features/vikings-season-6-episode-6-death-and-the-serpent-michael-hirst-katheryn-winnick-interview-spoilers-1203456576/ |title='Vikings' Team Talks Season 6's Most 'Significant and Powerful' Death |publisher=variety.com |date=8 January 2020 |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2020/01/08/vikings-recap-season-6-episode-6-lagertha-dies-katheryn-winnick-interview/ |title=Vikings' Katheryn Winnick Opens Up About the 'Epic' Outcome of Lagertha's Brutal Battle With White Hair |publisher=tvline.com |date=8 January 2020 |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> The fight sequence was shot on location in Ireland over several days with both actors reportedly doing all the stunts themselves.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/01/15/vikings-katheryn-winnick-kieran-oreilly-refused-stunt-doubles-exhausting-bloodbath-12064031/ |title=Vikings' Katheryn Winnick and Kieran O'Reilly refused stunt doubles for 'exhausting bloodbath' |publisher=metro.co.uk |date=15 January 2020 |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref>
== Music ==
=== Doris ===
Kieran O'Reilly began playing music in 2003, teaching himself how to play the drums. That same year, he joined Dublin pop/rock band, Doris. O'Reilly was a central figure in the band's development and assisted in the releasing of the band's first two singles, "Will I Ever Learn" and "Stop". During O'Reilly's time in the band, they were selected by ''[[Hot Press]]'' Magazine to have a music video shot for "Will I Ever Learn" in conjunction with the [[Tisch School of the Arts]], [[New York University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotpress.com/Hot-Press-video-heaven/2864000.html |title=Hot Press Video Heaven |publisher=hotpress.com |date=9 May 2006 |accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> O'Reilly left the band in 2007.
=== White McKenzie ===
[[File:Kieran O'Reilly in Dublin with members of the American Band, Other Lives.jpg|thumb|right|Kieran O'Reilly pictured in Dublin with members of the American Band, [[Other Lives (band)|Other Lives.]]]]
O'Reilly formed White McKenzie in 2010 with a group of friends. He was the sole vocalist and songwriter for the band. In 2011, in only the band's third live performance, they played in the final of the [[Shercock]] Battle of the Bands competition, competing for a place to play in the [[Glastonbury Festival]] in the UK; however they missed out on the top prize to Irish blues band, [[Crow Black Chicken]].<ref>''The Irish Times'', 4 March 2011, p. 33.</ref> O'Reilly and friends later released a 7 track Mini Album/E.P. entitled ''Absence''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldenplec.com/review-white-mckenzie-absence/ |title=Review: White McKenzie – Absence |publisher=goldenplec.com |date=13 December 2011 |accessdate=17 May 2014}}</ref><ref>''Hot Press'', vol: 35, issue: 23, 30 November 2011, p. 83.</ref> The sleeve image for this E.P. was provided by Rob Hann (New York City). In November 2011, Jackie Hayden of Hot Press Magazine chose ''Absence'' as his "Pick of the Fortnight".<ref>''Hotpress Magazine – Pick of the Fortnight'', 2 November 2012, vol: 35, issue: 21, p. 30.</ref> White McKenzie also opened the Kildare leg of the First Music Contact Tour on 9 November 2012, sharing the stage with [[Squarehead (band)|Squarehead]], [[We Cut Corners]] and [[The Lost Brothers]].<ref>''The Irish Times – The Ticket'', 26 October 2012, p. 35.</ref> White McKenzie released their single, 'Heatseeker'<ref>{{cite news|url=http://headphonejacks.net/2012/10/17/review-white-mckenzie-heatseeker/ |title=Review: White McKenzie – Heatseeker |newspaper=Headphone Jacks |publisher=headphonejacks.net |date=7 October 2012 |accessdate=17 May 2014}}</ref> in late 2012, shortly before the band broke up. Sensing band members were moving in different directions, O'Reilly decided to leave the band. "I just felt that I didn't really want to pursue it any longer, and I wanted to preserve the friendships that were there. Which we did, we're all still great friends. I just felt that we didn't know what we were doing, and I think the lads felt the same".<ref>{{cite web|title=Interviews Hail the Ghost|url=http://www.scenepointblank.com/features/interviews/hail-the-ghost/|publisher=Scenepoint.com|accessdate=7 April 2015}}</ref> The band were described by [[Today FM]] presenter, [[Ian Dempsey]], as "really top quality".<ref>''Today FM – Breakfast Show'', broadcast 16 September 2011.</ref> In 2016, several White McKenzie tracks were featured in the Irish film, "Coming Home" by Cathal Kenna.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Irish Documentary 'Coming Home' explores Irish Emigration|url=http://www.iftn.ie/distribution/news/?act1=record&only=1&aid=73&rid=4289852&tpl=archnews&force=1|date=8 November 2016|publisher=iftn.ie|accessdate=23 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Irish Film Review: Coming Home|url=http://filmireland.net/2016/11/18/irish-film-review-coming-home/|publisher=filmireland.net|date=8 November 2016|accessdate=23 November 2016}}</ref>
=== Hail The Ghost ===
In 2014 O'Reilly formed Hail The Ghost which includes two former White McKenzie members, Ian Corr (piano/keys) and Eamon Young (guitars). O'Reilly spent 2014 writing and producing the band's debut album ''[[Forsaken (album)|Forsaken]]'' with Corr, Young and Martin Quinn of JAM Studios<ref>{{Twitter|_OMERTA_/status/524303182915067905 |Kieran O'Reilly's Twitter Page}}</ref> who co-produced and engineered the album. The album features O'Reilly playing drums, guitar and vocals. He credits The National, The Antlers and Elbow as influences when he was composing the album's songs which would be: "a piece that would have that cohesive feel to it, we would have that thematic thing and we would also have a story, beginning to end. Though it's not necessarily a story [in a book] sense, but like an actual journey."<ref>{{cite news|title=Interviews Hail the Ghost|newspaper=Scene Point Blank|url=http://www.scenepointblank.com/features/interviews/hail-the-ghost/|publisher=Scenepoint|accessdate=7 April 2015}}</ref> The band's song, 'LAZISE' was used by the [[Gaelic Athletic Association|G.A.A.]] in their advertising campaign for the 'GAA NOW' initiative throughout the 2017 [[All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|All-Ireland Championships]]. The online video was played 700,000 times in four weeks."<ref>{{cite web|title=Fifty-Three Six|website=Fifty-Three Six|url=http://www.fiftythreesix.com/|accessdate=28 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Music Supervision|website=rmrmusic|date=24 August 2017 |url=http://rmrmusic.com/workshop/| publisher=RMR Music| accessdate=28 September 2017}}</ref>
Hail The Ghost released their second studio album, '[[Arrhythmia (Hail the Ghost album)|Arrhythmia]]' on 6 December 2019 with [[The Irish Times]] referring to the album as a "smart collection of intelligent and sensitive rock... [that will] do the heart and soul good".<ref>{{cite web|title=Hail the Ghost review - Arrhythmia that does the heart good| website=irishtimes.com| url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/hail-the-ghost-review-arrhythmia-that-does-the-heart-good-1.4109408| publisher= The Irish Times| accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> Hot Press Magazine reported: "Last time round, we described them as "atmospheric indie", but 'Arrhythmia' is composed of bleaker soundscapes, more reminiscent of Joy Division".<ref>{{cite web|title=Album Review: Hail The Ghost - Arrhythmia| website=hotpress.com| url=https://www.hotpress.com/music/album-review-hail-ghost-arrhythmia-22800037| publisher=Hot Press Magazine| accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref>
=== Kieran O'Reilly & Ragga Ragnars ===
On 5 February 2020, Kieran O'Reilly released "Broken Wings" with his on-screen Vikings co-star and former double Olympian, [[Ragnheiður Ragnarsdóttir|Ragga Ragnars]]. The pair co-wrote the track before recording the song in JAM Studios in Ireland with Martin Quinn recording, mixing and mastering. The track was produced by Kieran O'Reilly and Martin Quinn. Hot Press Magazine described the song as "an absolute pearler".<ref>{{cite web| title=Vikings Actors Release Single| website=hotpress.com| url=https://www.pressreader.com/ireland/hot-press/20200219/281762746248166| publisher=Hot Press Magazine| accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> The music video for the track was filmed on location in Iceland by Ragnars' brother and filmmaker, Gudjon Ragnarsson.<ref>{{cite web| title=Kieran O'Reilly and Ragga Ragnars release new single 'Broken Wings'| website=hotpress.com| url=https://www.hotpress.com/music/kieran-oreilly-ragga-ragnars-release-new-single-broken-wings-22803501| publisher=Hot Press Magazine| accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref>
=== Kopium ===
2025 saw the release of Kieran O'Reilly's first solo material under the moniker, 'Kopium'. His debut single, 'Sail' featured on [[RTÉ_2XM]]'s 'The London Ear' as the recommended track of the week.<ref>{{cite web| title=Kieran O'Reilly and Ragga Ragnars release new single 'Broken Wings'| website=rte.ie| url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/2xm/clips/11686912/?fbclid=PAY2xjawIUs-hleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABpi28A_FyBaognSeULlMjJXuL1BgFSEdZ3xF330wkNTRkmMo4lBXaeVr1Dw_aem_UsWsw176Y6ciELNmOh2byQ| publisher=RTÉ| date=11 January 2025| accessdate=11 April 2025}}</ref> Rotate Magazine wrote: "Sail" introduces listeners to this tonal shift with its delicate melodies and introspective lyrics. The track is steeped in melancholy, weaving O’Reilly’s evocative vocals with a subtle instrumental backdrop that underscores the vulnerability of his storytelling. It’s a mesmerizing start, promising a cohesive yet varied journey through, The Weeping Willow".<ref>{{cite web| title=KOPIUM's Debut Single 'Sail': A Haunting Prelude to Debut Album 'The Weeping Willow'| website=rotatemagazine.com| url=https://rotatemagazine.com/kopiums-debut-single-sail-a-haunting-prelude-to-debut-album-the-weeping-willow/| publisher=Rotate Magazine| date=17 January 2025| accessdate=11 April 2025}}</ref>
Kopium's debut album, 'The Weeping Willow' was released on February 28th 2025 on O'Reilly's White Heart Records. In reviewing the album for 'The Irish Post', Tony Clayton-Lea stated: "As implied by the album title, the mellow music hints towards the sombre and reflective; the song narratives, too, outline a rare poignancy that occasionally nods to the melancholy yields of [[Nick Cave]] and [[Richard Hawley]], and the spooky spirit of [[Roy Orbison]]".<ref>{{cite web| title=ON THE RECORD: Some of the best new music releases in Ireland this month| website=irishpost.com| url=https://www.irishpost.com/entertainment/on-the-record-some-of-the-best-new-music-releases-in-ireland-this-month-284779| publisher=The Irish Post| date=31 January 2025| accessdate=11 April 2025}}</ref> Hotpress Magazine wrote on the release of the single 'No Thorns': "'No Thorns' is a mellow yet incredibly transporting ballad, both reflective and conversational in nature. With the musician’s buttery-smooth voice and the warmth of the song’s arrangements, 'No Thorns' makes for a poignant and terribly exciting new number from the Irish musician and actor."<ref>{{cite web| title=New Irish Songs To Hear This Week| website=hotpress.com| url=https://www.hotpress.com/music/new-irish-songs-to-hear-this-week-196-23071340| publisher=Hot Press| date=21 February 2025| accessdate=11 April 2025}}</ref>
== Writing ==
O'Reilly wrote the screenplay for the Irish feature film, 'For Molly', which premiered on October 4, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=IrishFilm: Cathal Kenna's independent drama For Molly hits cinemas on October 5th|website=Scannain|date=14 September 2018 |url=https://scannain.com/irish/for-molly-release/|accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Love/Hate star brings cancer drama to cinemas|website=RTÉ|date=22 September 2018 |url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2018/0922/995232-love-hate-star-brings-cancer-drama-to-cinemas/|accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref> He wrote the film in just four months and when asked about how he began writing, O'Reilly credited Love/Hate writer, [[Stuart Carolan]] with being the primary inspiration - stating, "I have been writing ever since I picked up Stuart Carolan’s script [for Love/Hate] because when I picked up that script, I thought: I want to be a writer."<ref>{{cite web|title='People had the most heartbreaking, tragic stories' – Love/Hate actor on researching role of young man with terminal cancer for Irish film|website=independent.ie|date=2 October 2018 |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/people-had-the-most-heartbreaking-tragic-stories-lovehate-actor-on-researching-role-of-young-man-with-terminal-cancer-for-irish-film-37375970.html|accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ex-garda 'inspired to write by scripts for Love/Hate'|website=herald.ie|url=https://www.herald.ie/news/exgarda-inspired-to-write-by-scripts-for-lovehate-37379121.html|accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref> O'Reilly is reported to have written numerous screenplays since starting to write in 2013.<ref>{{cite interview |last=O'Reilly |first=Kieran |interviewer=Ryan Tubridy |title=For Molly - Kieran O'Reilly and Maura Foley |url=https://player.fm/series/series-2281708/for-molly-kieran-oreilly-and-maura-foley |publisher=Player FM |date=4 October 2018 |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite podcast |url=http://nearfm.ie/podcast/?p=28705 |title=Lifeline:For Molly Irish Film |publisher=Near fm 90.3 |host=Debbie Mc Mahon |date=3 October 2018 |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref>
== Sport ==
O’Reilly was a member of the Sportsworld A.C. in Dublin. He competed in both track and cross-country. In 1999, at just 19 years of age, O’Reilly finished 7th in the National Under 23 Irish Championships in the 400m, with Olympians [[Paul Oppermann]] taking gold and [[James Nolan (athlete)|James Nolan]] taking bronze.<ref>{{cite web|title=Detailed Results - U23 Championships|website=Athletics Ireland|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/JUNTRK/ALL99.HTM#B12|accessdate=10 February 2018}}</ref>
O’Reilly joined Mount Tallant Boxing Club in 1996 where he was trained by former double Olympian, [[Mick Dowling]]. In 1998 O’Reilly won the Dublin and Leinster Novice Middleweight Boxing Titles. In 1999 he won the Dublin and Leinster Intermediate Light-Heavyweight Boxing Titles, defeating Martin Sweeney of Phoenix Boxing Club in the Leinster final. In 2002, O’Reilly was defeated by Jamie Power of St. Francis Boxing Club in the quarter-finals of the National Irish Junior Championships. In 2003, O’Reilly won gold at the [[World Police and Fire Games]] in Barcelona in the Intermediate Light-Heavyweight division.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Police and Fire Games Results|website=California Police Athletics Federation|url=http://www.cpaf.org/5/users/cpaf/documents/results/WPFG%20Results/2003.pdf|publisher=World Police and Fire Games|accessdate=10 February 2018|archive-date=26 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726103807/http://www.cpaf.org/5/users/cpaf/documents/results/WPFG%20Results/2003.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Filmography ==
=== Film/Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class = "unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]''
| Heggo/Det. Ciaran Madden
| TV drama – 11 episodes
|-
|-
| 2014
| Hail The Ghost: Headstoned
| Himself
| (Music Video) Writer
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Little Bear (film)|Little Bear]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.image.ie/Living/Culture/Kieran-OReilly-Man-of-Many-Talents/ |title=Kieran O'Reilly: Man of Many Talents |publisher=image.ie |date=9 December 2015 |accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Twitter|KojiiHelnwein/status/560404174786289665 |Kojii Helnwein's Twitter Page}}</ref>
| Man
| Short film
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Battlefield Hardline]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/love-hate-stars-take-the-battle-to-the-streets-1.2141675 |title=Love/Hate stars take the battle to the streets |publisher=irishtimes.com |date=9 December 2015 |accessdate=16 March 2015}}</ref>
| Gamer
| Promo
|-
| 2015
| ''Bully''<ref>{{Twitter|_omerta_/status/580292652521930752 |Kieran O'Reilly's Twitter Page}}</ref>
| Mr Fallon
| Film
|-
| 2016
| '' Prodigy ''
| News Reporter
| Short film
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Rebellion (miniseries)|Rebellion]]''<ref name=imdb>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6032063/ |title=Official IMDB Page of Kieran O'Reilly |publisher=imdb.com |date=9 August 2015 |accessdate=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.herald.ie/news/cop-kierans-1916-role-as-an-officer-youll-love-to-hate-31338885.html |title=Cop Kieran's 1916 role as an officer you'll love to hate |publisher=herald.ie |date=30 June 2015 |accessdate=9 August 2015}}</ref>
| Captain Robert Barton
| TV drama - 3 episodes
|-
| 2017–2020
| ''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]''<ref name=ind_location>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/how-do-we-pitch-ireland-as-a-movie-location-to-hollywood-35197395.html |title=How do we pitch Ireland as a movie location to Hollywood? |publisher=independent.ie |date=17 November 2016 |accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref>
| White Hair
| TV drama - 10 episodes
|-
| 2017
| ''[[The Professor and the Madman (film)|The Professor and the Madman]]''<ref name=ind_location />
| Minor's Father
| Film
|-
| 2018
| ''For Molly''
| Evan Brady
| Film (Writer)
|-
| 2018
| ''Her Name Is''<ref name=imdb />
| Male Addict
| Short Film
|-
| 2020
| Bloomsday Lock-In <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotpress.com/music/aidan-gillen-on-how-ulysses-was-the-never-mind-the-bollocks-of-its-day-22819102 |title=Aidan Gillen on how Ulysses was the Never Mind The Bollocks of its day |publisher=hotpress.ie |date=16 June 2020 |accessdate=20 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotpress.com/music/shane-macgowan-to-be-involved-with-bloomsday-lock-in-celebration-of-james-joyce-22818809 |title=Shane MacGowan to be involved with Bloomsday Lock-In celebration of James Joyce |publisher=hotpress.ie |date=13 June 2020 |accessdate=20 July 2020}}</ref>
| Bloom
| Film
|-
| 2020
| Broken Wings
| Himself
| (Music Video) Writer
|-
| 2020
| [[Poster Boys (2020 film)|Poster Boys]]
| Dermot
| Film
|-
| 2021
| Save Me From Everything<ref>{{cite web|url=https://baintrain08.wixsite.com/bainsfilmreviews/post/save-me-from-everything-2021 |title=Save Me From Everything film review |publisher=Bain's film reviews |date=22 October 2021 |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref>
| Martin Von
| Film
|-
| 2021
| Wanna Hang Out?<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/movie-news/wereover-the-moon-we-cant-believe-it-abbie-sparkles-as-young-irish-stars-bag-double-gold-at-cannes-film-festival-40635848.html |title=Abbie sparkles as young Irish stars bag double gold at Cannes film festival |publisher=independent.ie |date=10 July 2021 |accessdate=29 July 2021}}</ref>
| Brian
| Short Film
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Dalgliesh (TV series)|Dalgliesh]]''<ref name=cwpodcast /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tellyvisions.org/2021/09/29/acorn-tvs-dalgliesh-trailer-introduces-fans-poet-detective |title=Acorn TV's 'Dalgliesh' Trailer Introduces Fans To The Poet-Detective |publisher=tellyvisions.org |date=29 September 2021 |accessdate=28 October 2021}}</ref>
| Henry Yates
| TV show - 1 episode
|-
| 2022
| North Sea Connection<ref>{{cite web|url=https://about.rte.ie/2021/10/15/new-irish-drama-north-sea-connection-now-filming-in-roundstone-co-galway/ |title=New Irish Drama North Sea Connection Now Filming in Roundstone, Co. Galway |publisher=rte.ie |date=15 October 2021 |accessdate=28 October 2021}}</ref>
| James
| TV show - 1 episode
|-
| 2023
| Missing
| Frankie
| Short Film
|-
| 2025
| El Turco<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/global/can-yaman-mipcom-el-turco-launch-english-language-action-series-1236166977/ |title=Turkish Star Can Yaman Set for Mipcom Launch of English-Language Action Series 'El Turco' |publisher=variety.com |date=October 2024 |accessdate=5 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diezminutos.es/telenovela/turcas/g42773663/actores-serie-el-turco-can-yaman/ |title=Todos los actores de la serie 'El Turco' |publisher=diezminutos.es |date=7 February 2023 |accessdate=2 March 2023}}</ref>
| Skeletwolf
| TV Drama - 5 episodes
|-
|}
== Discography ==
=== Albums ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! style="width:250px;"| Album details
|-
|2011
| '''''White McKenzie''''' – '''''Absence'''''
* Released: 30 September 2011
* Label: Independent
* Formats: CD/Digital
* Band: White McKenzie
|-
|2015
| '''''Hail The Ghost''''' – '''''[[Forsaken (album)|Forsaken]]'''''
* Released: 6 March 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dublinconcerts.ie/44248-hail-the-ghosts-new-single-headstoned-reviewed/ |title=Hail The Ghost's new single 'Headstoned' reviewed |publisher=dublinconcerts.ie |date=3 December 2014 |accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref>
* Label: Independent
* Formats: CD/Digital
* Band: Hail The Ghost
|-
|2019
| '''''Hail The Ghost''''' – '''''[[Arrhythmia (Hail the Ghost album)|Arrhythmia]]'''''
* Released: 6 December 2019<ref name=whelans_gig>{{cite web|title=Hail the Ghost|website=whelanslive|date=25 September 2019 |url=http://www.whelanslive.com/index.php/hail-the-ghost-3/|publisher=Whelan's|accessdate=26 November 2019}}</ref>
* Label: Independent
* Formats: CD/Vinyl/Digital Download
* Band: Hail The Ghost
|-
|-
|2020
| '''''White McKenzie''''' – '''''Dust on the Attic Floor'''''
* Released: 11 May 2020<ref>{{cite web|title=Dust on the Attic Floor Demo |website=distrokid |url=https://distrokid.com/hyperfollow/whitemckenzie/dust-on-the-attic-floor-demos |publisher=Distro Kid |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref>
* Label: White Heart Records
* Formats: Digital Download
* Band: White McKenzie
|-
|2022
| '''''Ears Have Walls''''' – '''''Ears Have Walls'''''
* Released: 30 September 2022<ref>{{cite web|title=Ears Have Walls Album Launch |website=entertainment |url=https://entertainment.ie/events/event/show-dublin/the-sugar-club/ears-have-walls/all-24845/ |publisher=entertainment ireland |accessdate=21 October 2022}}</ref>
* Label: Independent
* Formats: Digital Download
* Band: Ears Have Walls
|-
|2025
| '''''Kopium''''' - '''''The Weeping Willow'''''
* Released: 28 February 2025
* Label: White Heart Records
* Formats: Digital Download/Streaming
* Band: Kopium
|-
|}
=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Year
!rowspan="2" width="210"|Single
!rowspan="2" width="130"|Band
!colspan="1"|Peak chart positions
|-
!style="width:3em;font-size:75%"| [[Irish Singles Chart|IRE]]<br />
|-
|rowspan="1"|2006
|align="left"| "Will I Ever Learn"
|Doris
| 22<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acharts.us/song/7698# |title=aCharts |publisher=acharts.us |date=1 June 2006 |accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2007
|align="left"| "Stop"
|Doris
| 32
|-
|rowspan="1"|2012
|align="left"| "Heatseeker"
|White McKenzie
| –
|-
|rowspan="1"|2014
|align="left"| "Headstoned"
|Hail The Ghost
| 1<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.her.ie/entertainment/watch-lovehates-kieran-oreilly-debuts-video-for-new-track/205661 |title=Watch: Love/Hate's Kieran O'Reilly debut video for new track 'Headstoned' |newspaper=her.ie |date=10 December 2014 |accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2015
|align="left"| "Colony of Ants"
|Hail The Ghost
| 16
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2019
|align="left"| "Sweet Samurai"
|Hail The Ghost
| n/a<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hailtheghost.com/ |title=Hail The Ghost |publisher=hailtheghost.com |accessdate=26 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|align="left"| "Broken Wings"
|Kieran O'Reilly & Ragga Ragnars<ref name=unratedmag /><ref name=jam_ragna />
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|align="left"| "Kalta"
|Ears Have Walls<ref name=lostlane_ehw />
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|align="left"| "Ouden"
|Ears Have Walls
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|align="left"| "Mercury Falls"<ref>{{Twitter|TonyClaytonLea/status/1271428279283724288 |Tony Clayton-Lea's Twitter Page}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://distrokid.com/hyperfollow/hailtheghost/mercury-falls |title=Mercury Falls by Hail the Ghost |publisher=distrokid.com |accessdate=20 July 2020}}</ref>
|Hail the Ghost
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|align="left"| "Petrichor"<ref>{{Twitter|TonyClaytonLea/status/1258724432534740992 |Tony Clayton-Lea's Twitter Page}}</ref>
|Ears Have Walls
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|align="left"| "Wishbone"<ref>''Echo Newspaper – Elife Magazine'', 10 September 2020, pp. 49-50.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://echo.ie/show/article/hail-the-ghost-indie-band-release-their-new-single-wishbone-this-month |title=Hail The Ghost: Indie band release their new single 'Wishbone' this month |publisher=echo.ie |date=16 September 2020 |accessdate=18 September 2020}}</ref>
|Hail the Ghost
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|align="left"| "Reflection"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://liport.ru/shou-biznes/443517-magellanovo-oblako-sdelali-otrazhenie-s-liderom-hail-the-ghost-slushat-video.html |title=Магелланово облако сделали Отражение с лидером Hail the Ghost |publisher=liport.ru |date=25 September 2020 |accessdate=26 September 2020}}</ref>
|Magellanic Cloud
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|align="left"| "Saint Jude"<ref>{{Twitter|TonyClaytonLea/status/1334796441601138694 |Tony Clayton-Lea's Twitter Page}}</ref>
|Ears Have Walls
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|align="left"| "Up River"<ref name=cwpodcast>{{cite podcast |url=http://www.collectivewhisper.com/podcast-1/episode/260d0235/collective-whisper-gets-to-knowkieran-oreilly |title=Collective Whisper gets to know Kieran O'Reilly |publisher=Collective Whisper |host=Simon Kelly |date=6 May 2021 |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|Ears Have Walls
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2023
|align="left"| "Bloodflow"
|Eurelle & Hail The Ghost
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2023
|align="left"| "Lovesong"
|Hail The Ghost
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2025
|align="left"| "Sail"
|Kopium
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2025
|align="left"| "Blue Child Gypsy Dancer"
|Kopium
| n/a
|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2025
|align="left"| "No Thorns"
|Kopium
| n/a
|-
|}
==Awards and nominations==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Work
!Award
!Result
|-
| 2016
|''Little Bear''
|Discovery Award, [[Jameson Dublin International Film Festival|Dublin International Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diff.ie/DIFF_2016_Programme.pdf |title=Dublin International Film Festival Programme |page=64/65 |accessdate=7 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207205457/http://www.diff.ie/DIFF_2016_Programme.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|{{Nom}}
|-
| 2021
| rowspan="2"| ''Save Me From Everything''
|Best Actor in Male Role, [[Richard Harris|Richard Harris Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.richardharrisfilmfestival.com/2021-nominees |title=Richard Harris Film Festival 2021 Nominees |accessdate=11 March 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118163341/https://richardharrisfilmfestival.com/2021-nominees/ }}</ref>
|{{Nom}}
|-
| 2022
|Best Actor, Massachusetts Indie Film Festival<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.shawnafoundation.org/mass-indie-2022-nominations |title=Massachusetts Indie Film Festival 2022 Nominees |accessdate=8 April 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329152648/https://www.shawnafoundation.org/mass-indie-2022-nominations }}</ref>
|{{Nom}}
|}
==External links==
* {{IMDb name|6032063}}
* [http://www.hailtheghost.com Hail The Ghost's official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803201408/http://www.hailtheghost.com/ |date=3 August 2015 }}
* {{Twitter |_OMERTA_}}
* {{URL|www.spotlight.com/1971-1277-9275|Kieran O'Reilly on Spotlight}}
*{{URL|https://boxrec.com/en/box-am/1011798|Kieran O'Reilly on Boxrec}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oreilly, Kieran}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Irish male songwriters]]
[[Category:Musicians from Dublin (city)]]
[[Category:Irish male television actors]]
[[Category:Irish baritones]]
[[Category:21st-century Irish male actors]]
[[Category:People educated at Synge Street CBS]]
[[Category:21st-century Irish male singers]]
[[Category:People from Tallaght]]
[[Category:Male actors from County Dublin]]
[[Category:Musicians from County Dublin]]
| 1,296,070,938
|
[{"title": "Background information", "data": {"Born": "13 September 1979 \u00b7 Ireland", "Genres": "Alternative, indie, rock", "Occupation(s)": "Musician, producer, actor, writer, police officer", "Instrument(s)": "Vocals, drums, guitar", "Years active": "2003\u2013present", "Labels": "Independent"}}]
| false
|
# Lahnus
Lahnus is a district in the city of Espoo and administratively belongs to the Northern Espoo area. It is located near the municipality of Nurmijärvi and its largest village, Klaukkala. The most famous places in Lahnus are the Serena Waterpark and Hotel Korpilampi.
Finnish regional road 120 (Vihdintie) between Helsinki and Vihti, one of the most important road connections from Lahnus to the capital, passes through the district. Along the road, at the intersection near the Shell filling station, the north branch road to Klaukkala is Lahnuksentie (Mt 1324). There are also several nature reserves in Lahnus: Tremanskärr Nature Reserve and Luukki Nature Reserve, as well as part of Nuuksio National Park.
Lahnus is an old village name and has been spelled, among others: Lanoxby (1540), Lanos (1541), Lanas (1547), Lora (1558), Loureby (1559), Lahcnus (1563) and Lahnås (1594). The name is probably of Finnish origin, but the meaning is unclear. The highest daily rainfall in Finland was measured in Lahnus: on July 21, 1944, it was 198 millimeters.
|
enwiki/61515210
|
enwiki
| 61,515,210
|
Lahnus
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahnus
|
2024-05-07T17:10:15Z
|
en
|
Q11874410
| 57,808
|
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = {{lang|fi|Lahnus}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = sv<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "sv" for Swedish -->
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Espoo|District of Espoo]]
| image_skyline = Serenan ulkoallas panorama.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Serena Waterpark]] in Lahnus
| image_map = Espoo districts Lahnus.png
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Lahnus within [[Espoo]]
| pushpin_map = <!-- Finland -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Lahnus within Finland
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Finland]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of Finland|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Espoo]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of Finland|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uusimaa]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Sub-regions of Finland|Sub-region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Greater Helsinki]]
| subdivision_type4 = Main District
| subdivision_name4 = Pohjois-Espoo
| subdivision_type5 = Inner District(s)
| subdivision_name5 = Lahnus
| established_title =
| established_date =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 762
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| demographics1_title1 = Finnish
| demographics1_info1 = 93.6 %
| demographics1_title2 = Swedish
| demographics1_info2 = 5.2 %
| demographics1_title3 = Other
| demographics1_info3 = 1.2 %
|blank_name_sec1 = Jobs
| blank_info_sec1 =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}
'''Lahnus''' is a [[Districts of Espoo|district]] in the city of [[Espoo]] and administratively belongs to the [[Pohjois-Espoo|Northern Espoo area]]. It is located near the municipality of [[Nurmijärvi]] and its largest village, [[Klaukkala]]. The most famous places in Lahnus are the [[Serena Waterpark]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.serena.fi/en/|title=Serena - Home|accessdate=August 14, 2019}}</ref> and [[Hotel Korpilampi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.korpilampi.fi/en/|title=Hotel Korpilampi - Home|accessdate=August 14, 2019}}</ref>
[[Finnish regional road 120]] (''Vihdintie'') between [[Helsinki]] and [[Vihti]], one of the most important road connections from Lahnus to the capital, passes through the district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vayla.fi/uudellamaalla-rakenteilla/mt-120-lahnuksen-liittyman-parantaminen|title=Vihdintien, Lahnuksentien ja Vanhan Lahnuksentien liittymä, Espoo|publisher=Väylä|access-date=March 12, 2020|language=fi}}</ref> Along the road, at the intersection near the [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] [[filling station]], the north branch road to Klaukkala is ''Lahnuksentie'' (Mt 1324).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espoo.fi/fi-FI/Asuminen_ja_ymparisto/Kadut_ja_liikenne/Liikennesuunnittelu/Liikennehankkeet/Ajankohtaiset_hankkeet/Lahnuksentie/Maantien_1324_Lahnuksentie_vali_LahnusKl(153553)|title=Maantien 1324 Lahnuksentie, väli Lahnus-Klaukkala, esisuunnitelman laatiminen jalankulku- ja pyöräilyväylästä|publisher=Espoon kaupunki|access-date=March 12, 2020|language=fi}}</ref> There are also several nature reserves in Lahnus: Tremanskärr Nature Reserve and Luukki Nature Reserve, as well as part of [[Nuuksio National Park]].
Lahnus is an old village name and has been spelled, among others: Lanoxby (1540), Lanos (1541), Lanas (1547), Lora (1558), Loureby (1559), Lahcnus (1563) and Lahnås (1594).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espoo.fi/fi-FI/Asuminen_ja_ymparisto/Kaavoitus/Nimisto/Nakokulmia_nimistoon/Lahnus(98052)|title=Espoo - Lahnus|accessdate=September 14, 2019|language=fi}}</ref> The name is probably of Finnish origin, but the meaning is unclear.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espoo.fi/default.asp?path=1;28;11866;17468;17633;17653;17715;17716|title=Esbo stadsdelsnamn|accessdate=August 14, 2019|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224804/http://www.espoo.fi/default.asp?path=1%3B28%3B11866%3B17468%3B17633%3B17653%3B17715%3B17716|archive-date=September 30, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The highest daily rainfall in Finland was measured in Lahnus: on July 21, 1944, it was 198 millimeters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/sade-ennatyksia|title=Sade-ennätyksiä - Ilmatieteen laitos|publisher=ilmatieteenlaitos.fi|accessdate=August 14, 2019|language=fi}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Röylä]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{SouthernFinland-geo-stub}}
{{Espoo}}
[[Category:Districts of Espoo]]
| 1,222,740,689
|
[{"title": "Lahnus", "data": {"Country": "Finland", "Municipality": "Espoo", "Region": "Uusimaa", "Sub-region": "Greater Helsinki", "Main District": "Pohjois-Espoo", "Inner District(s)": "Lahnus"}}, {"title": "Population (2006)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "762"}}, {"title": "Languages", "data": {"\u2022 Finnish": "93.6 %", "\u2022 Swedish": "5.2 %", "\u2022 Other": "1.2 %"}}]
| false
|
# SiriusXM Canada
Sirius XM Canada Holdings Inc. (commonly referred to as Sirius XM Canada; normally stylized SiriusXM) is a Canadian broadcasting company which distributes the services of American satellite radio provider Sirius XM in Canada.
The current company was formed on June 21, 2011, following the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission's April 2011 approval to merge the formerly distinct XM Radio Canada and Sirius Canada services. This followed the 2008 merger of XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio in the United States.
Following a subsequent privatization transaction, majority voting control was split between Slaight Communications and John Bitove, two of the primary Canadian investors of the original Sirius Canada and XM Canada services respectively; Slaight Communications' interest was later inherited by Gary Slaight. Due to Canadian broadcasting ownership regulations, the U.S. company Sirius XM Holdings is limited to a 33% voting interest in the Canadian firm, but holds 70% of the equity.
## History
### Predecessors
Sirius Canada was a Canadian-based partnership between Slaight Communications, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and U.S.-based Sirius Satellite Radio. XM Satellite Radio Canada was the operating name of Canadian Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., a company formed in 2002 by John Bitove in partnership with Sirius' U.S. competitor, XM Satellite Radio.
Following the receipt of applications in 2003 and 2004, in June 2005, the CRTC issued six-year licenses to three companies to introduce subscription radio service to Canada: Sirius Canada, XM Canada, and a partnership between CHUM Limited and Astral Media. The CHUM/Astral partnership proposed a service fed by terrestrial transmitters instead of satellites, and never launched. Both Sirius Canada and XM Canada launched in late 2005.
### Merger
Following the 2008 merger of Sirius and XM in the U.S., the two Canadian companies did not immediately announce plans to merge, and continued to compete in the Canadian marketplace. A complicating factor in any Canadian merger talks was that Sirius Canada had far more than half of the total satellite radio subscriber base in Canada, and felt they deserved greater than a 50/50 split of the new company, whereas XM Canada felt that their deal with the National Hockey League — a particularly lucrative prize in Canadian sports broadcasting — warranted a larger share of value in the new company than its subscriber base would suggest.
However, in their eventual application to the CRTC, XM Canada and Sirius Canada noted that following the U.S. merger, they found it increasingly difficult to remain in operation as distinct, competing services in Canada even as the parent services increasingly integrated and amalgamated their programming. In an interview with The Globe and Mail before the merger was approved, Bitove also noted the difficulties that arose from the merged American service becoming a minority shareholder in both of the Canadian companies simultaneously, such as conflicts of interest that forced the American company to leave its Canadian partners out of strategic planning discussions which would have given each company power over decisions affecting the other.
On November 24, 2010, XM Radio Canada and Sirius Canada announced that they had reached a deal to merge their services.
John Bitove's Canadian Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. held 30.4% and effective control of the new company. Slaight Communications and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the primary shareholders in the former Sirius, each held 20.4%, and the American parent Sirius XM held 25%. Both Bitove and Mark Redmond, the former president and CEO of Sirius Canada, hold executive roles with the new company.
As of 2011, Sirius and XM in the United States offered nearly identical programming lineups, with the Canadian-produced channels being among the few remaining distinctions between the two services; eventually the Canadian channels were also harmonized between services. Premier packages became available in Canada on October 1, 2012.
### 2017 privatization
In 2016, Sirius XM Canada, which had had its shares publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange, announced a privatization ("go-private") and recapitalization transaction whereby three of the broadcaster's largest shareholders – Slaight Communications, John Bitove's Obelysk Media, and Sirius XM U.S. – would buy out the remaining public shareholders. The transaction was completed the next year, following CRTC approval, following which Sirius XM took a 70% equity interest in the Canadian firm but only 33% of voting shares, with the remainder split between Slaight and Obelysk.
The CBC exited its ownership position as a result of the transaction, though CBC channels continued to be broadcast on the SiriusXM platform.
### 2020—present
In October 2022, CBC-programmed music channels were removed from SiriusXM and replaced with Canadian music channels programmed directly by SiriusXM Canada; feeds of CBC Radio One and Ici Radio-Canada Première continue to air on SiriusXM.
In October 2024, the CRTC approved the transfer of shares owned by Slaight Communications—owned by Allan Slaight, who died in 2021—directly to Allan's son Gary Slaight.
In March 2025, SiriusXM Canada launched SiriusXM Dhamaka, a South Asian music channel produced in-house, taking over the channel position (796) of the discontinued ATN-Asian Radio, which had been produced by Canadian broadcaster Asian Television Network since 2007.
## Services
Sirius XM Canada is the Canadian distributor of the namesake SiriusXM satellite radio and streaming platforms. Officially, Sirius Canada and XM Canada remain separate satellite radio services, though since 2012 operated under a single licence, under the authority of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). This distinction is due to technical differences between the two platforms which may result in minor programming variations between the two services, despite the fact that most programming has been harmonized since the U.S. and Canadian mergers.
As it uses the same infrastructure as SiriusXM U.S., the Canadian service cannot program a full set of channels that adheres to the same Canadian content rules as traditional radio stations. Instead, under the terms of its CRTC licence, SiriusXM Canada must offer a minimum of 10% Canadian-produced channels (i.e., at least one Canadian channel for every nine channels originating from the U.S. or elsewhere) in each of its packages, of which at least one must be an Indigenous channel, and several must be French-language channels. On these channels, at least 85% of musical selections and 85% of spoken-word content must be Canadian content. The service must also make significant ongoing financial contributions to Canadian content development.
From time to time, these rules have resulted in certain American channels being unavailable on satellite radio to SiriusXM Canada subscribers. These channel restrictions do not apply to SiriusXM's streaming platforms, and (subject to program rights conflicts) all are available through the SiriusXM app, as are all of SiriusXM's "Xtra" channels.
Packaging generally mirrors that of the American service. As of April 2024, available plans consist of three tiers of cross-platform (satellite and streaming) channels and functionality, as well as an app-only "All Access" plan. Certain plans include streaming "artist stations", which until late 2023 were branded as being powered by Pandora, a streaming service that is not otherwise available in Canada.
### Current Canadian channels
As of March 2025, the Canadian channels produced or supplied by SiriusXM Canada, ordered by their channel numbers, are as follows. Some channels, particularly those in the 600s and up, may only be available in the SiriusXM app, and/or on SiriusXM's 360L platform (available on select vehicles produced since 2019) which can also stream content through vehicles' cellular data modems.
- Attitude Franco (163) – French-language rock music
- Mixtape North (164) – Canadian hip-hop and R&B
- The Indigiverse (165) – Indigenous music and talk programming
- Racines Musicales (166) – "homegrown" French-language and Indigenous music
- Canada Talks (167) – Canadian talk radio
- SiriusXM Comedy Club (168) – Canadian stand-up comedy sets
- CBC Radio One (169) – English-language public radio; special satellite radio feed
- Ici Radio-Canada Première (170) – French-language public radio; simulcast of CBF-FM Montreal
- Top of the Country Radio (171) – Canadian country music
- SiriusXM Scoreboard (172) – continuous sports results service
- The Verge (173) – Canadian alternative and indie rock
- Influence Franco (174) – French-language alternative and indie music
- North Americana (359) – Americana and roots music
- Noël Incontournable (640) – French-language Christmas and holiday music (available throughout the year)
- Poplandia (754) – Canadian pop hits of the 1990s and 2000s
- Les Tubes 80-90 (756) – French-language 1980s-90s pop-rock hits
- The Tragically Hip Radio (757) – devoted to the music of The Tragically Hip and associated acts and influences
- Iceberg (758) – Canadian rock music
- Les Tubes Franco (759) – French-language hit music
- SiriusXM Dhamaka (796) – South Asian music
|
enwiki/31968105
|
enwiki
| 31,968,105
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SiriusXM Canada
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SiriusXM_Canada
|
2025-07-14T05:50:38Z
|
en
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Q7530403
| 97,101
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{{Short description|Canadian radio broadcasting company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sirius XM Canada Holdings Inc.
| logo =
| type = [[Joint venture]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2011}}
| location = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| industry = [[Broadcasting]]
| key_people = {{plainlist|
* Anthony Viner ([[chairman]])
* Mark Redmond ([[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]])
}}
| subscribers =
| products = [[Satellite radio]]<br>[[Telematics]]<br>[[Internet radio]]
| owner = [[Sirius XM]] (33.0%)<ref name="ownership-chart-214-sirius-xm-canada">{{cite web |title=Ownership Chart 214 - Sirius XM - Subscription Satellite Radio |date=November 1, 2024 |publisher=Canadian Radio-television Communications Commission |url=https://crtc.gc.ca/ownership/eng/cht214.pdf |access-date=November 14, 2024}}</ref><br>[[Gary Slaight]] (33.5%)<ref name="ownership-chart-214-sirius-xm-canada"/><br>[[John Bitove]] (33.5%)<ref name="ownership-chart-214-sirius-xm-canada"/>
| revenue = [[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|12px]] $303 million [[Canadian dollar|CAD]] <small>(2014)</small><ref name="Newswire Release">[http://archive.newswire.ca/en/story/1437079/siriusxm-canada-reports-fiscal-2014-year-end-and-fourth-quarter-results "Sirius XM Canada Holdings Inc Reports Fiscal 2014 Results,"] ''[[Newswire]]'', October 30, 2014.</ref>
| net_income =
| num_employees =
| market cap =
| homepage = {{URL|www.siriusxm.ca}}
}}
'''Sirius XM Canada Holdings Inc.'''<ref name="ownership-chart-214-sirius-xm-canada"/> (commonly referred to as '''Sirius XM Canada'''; normally stylized '''SiriusXM''') is a Canadian broadcasting company which distributes the services of American [[satellite radio]] provider [[Sirius XM]] in Canada.
The current company was formed on June 21, 2011, following the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]]'s April 2011 approval to merge the formerly distinct [[XM Radio Canada]] and [[Sirius Canada]] services.<ref name=broadcaster>[http://www.broadcastermagazine.com/news/sirius-canada-and-xm-canada-complete-merger/1000486539/ "Sirius Canada and XM Canada Complete Merger"]. ''Broadcaster'', June 21, 2011.</ref><ref name=crtc>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2011/2011-240.htm CRTC Decision 2011-240].</ref> This followed the 2008 merger of [[XM Satellite Radio]] and [[Sirius Satellite Radio]] in the United States.
Following a subsequent privatization transaction, majority voting control was split between [[Slaight Communications]] and [[John Bitove]], two of the primary Canadian investors of the original Sirius Canada and XM Canada services respectively; Slaight Communications' interest was later inherited by [[Gary Slaight]]. Due to Canadian broadcasting ownership regulations, the U.S. company Sirius XM Holdings is limited to a 33% voting interest in the Canadian firm, but holds 70% of the equity.<ref name="ownership-chart-214-sirius-xm-canada" /><ref name="crtc-2017-recap" />
==History==
===Predecessors===
{{mainarticle|Sirius Canada|XM Radio Canada}}
Sirius Canada was a Canadian-based partnership between Slaight Communications, the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]], and U.S.-based Sirius Satellite Radio. XM Satellite Radio Canada was the operating name of Canadian Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., a company formed in 2002 by [[John Bitove]] in partnership with Sirius' U.S. competitor, XM Satellite Radio.
Following the receipt of applications in 2003 and 2004, in June 2005, the CRTC issued six-year licenses to three companies to introduce subscription radio service to Canada: Sirius Canada, XM Canada, and a partnership between [[CHUM Limited]] and [[Astral Media]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2005/pb2005-61.htm|title=Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2005-61|author=Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission|date=June 16, 2005|access-date=May 22, 2024}}</ref> The CHUM/Astral partnership proposed a service fed by terrestrial transmitters instead of satellites, and never launched. Both Sirius Canada and XM Canada launched in late 2005.
===Merger===
Following the 2008 merger of Sirius and XM in the U.S., the two Canadian companies did not immediately announce plans to merge, and continued to compete in the Canadian marketplace. A complicating factor in any Canadian merger talks was that Sirius Canada had far more than half of the total satellite radio subscriber base in Canada, and felt they deserved greater than a 50/50 split of the new company, whereas XM Canada felt that their deal with the [[National Hockey League]] — a particularly lucrative prize in Canadian sports broadcasting — warranted a larger share of value in the new company than its subscriber base would suggest.<ref name=vlessing>{{cite news|first=Etan|last=Vlessing|title=XM-Sirius merger not replicated in Canada|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=July 29, 2008}}</ref>
However, in their eventual application to the CRTC, XM Canada and Sirius Canada noted that following the U.S. merger, they found it increasingly difficult to remain in operation as distinct, competing services in Canada even as the parent services increasingly integrated and amalgamated their programming.<ref name=crtc /> In an interview with ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' before the merger was approved, Bitove also noted the difficulties that arose from the merged American service becoming a minority shareholder in both of the Canadian companies simultaneously, such as [[conflict of interest|conflicts of interest]] that forced the American company to leave its Canadian partners out of strategic planning discussions which would have given each company power over decisions affecting the other.<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/xm-sirius-move-closer-to-merger-in-canada/article1912257/ "XM, Sirius move closer to merger in Canada"]. ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', February 17, 2011.</ref>
On November 24, 2010, XM Radio Canada and Sirius Canada announced that they had reached a deal to merge their services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radio-info.com/news/finally-sirius-canada-and-xm-canada-are-merging |title=Finally, Sirius Canada and XM Canada are merging |date=November 24, 2010 |work=Radio-Info.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127164557/http://www.radio-info.com/news/finally-sirius-canada-and-xm-canada-are-merging |archive-date=November 27, 2010 }}</ref>
[[John Bitove]]'s Canadian Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. held 30.4% and effective control of the new company. [[Slaight Communications]] and the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC), the primary shareholders in the former Sirius, each held 20.4%, and the American parent Sirius XM held 25%.<ref name="crtc" /> Both Bitove and Mark Redmond, the former president and CEO of Sirius Canada, hold executive roles with the new company.<ref>[http://www.marketnews.ca/content/index/page?pid=8905 "CRTC Approves XM Canada & Sirius Canada Merger"]. ''Marketnews'', April 12, 2011.</ref>
As of 2011, Sirius and XM in the United States offered nearly identical programming lineups, with the Canadian-produced channels being among the few remaining distinctions between the two services; eventually the Canadian channels were also harmonized between services. Premier packages became available in Canada on October 1, 2012.
===2017 privatization===
In 2016, Sirius XM Canada, which had had its shares publicly traded on the [[Toronto Stock Exchange]], announced a [[privatization]] ("go-private") and recapitalization transaction whereby three of the broadcaster's largest shareholders – Slaight Communications, John Bitove's Obelysk Media, and Sirius XM U.S. – would buy out the remaining public shareholders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/sirius-xm-canada-to-be-taken-private-in-351m-deal-led-by-u-s-parent-1.488969|title=Sirius XM Canada to be taken private in $351M deal led by U.S. parent|agency=Reuters / Canadian Press|work=BNNBloomberg.ca|date=May 13, 2016|access-date=August 6, 2023}}</ref> The transaction was completed the next year, following CRTC approval, following which Sirius XM took a 70% equity interest in the Canadian firm but only 33% of voting shares, with the remainder split between Slaight and Obelysk.<ref name="crtc-2017-recap">{{Cite web|last=Government of Canada|first=Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)|date=2017-04-26|title=Sirius Canada and XM Canada – Transfer of shares|url=https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2017/2017-114.htm|access-date=2021-06-06|website=crtc.gc.ca}}</ref>
The CBC exited its ownership position as a result of the transaction, though CBC channels continued to be broadcast on the SiriusXM platform.<ref name="crtc-2017-recap" />
===2020—present===
In October 2022, CBC-programmed music channels were removed from SiriusXM and replaced with Canadian music channels programmed directly by SiriusXM Canada; feeds of [[CBC Radio One]] and [[Ici Radio-Canada Première]] continue to air on SiriusXM.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-24 |title=CBC Music Channels Depart SiriusXM - RadioInsight |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/244282/cbc-music-channels-depart-siriusxm/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>
In October 2024, the CRTC approved the transfer of shares owned by Slaight Communications—owned by [[Allan Slaight]], who died in 2021—directly to Allan's son [[Gary Slaight]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://applications.crtc.gc.ca/demradbroadappl/Default-Defaut.aspx?Lang=e|title=Broadcasting Applications Report|publisher=Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission|access-date=2024-11-14}} (filter by application number 2024-0429-2)</ref>
In March 2025, SiriusXM Canada launched SiriusXM Dhamaka, a South Asian music channel produced in-house, taking over the channel position (796) of the discontinued [[ATN-Asian Radio]], which had been produced by Canadian broadcaster [[Asian Television Network]] since 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/297427/siriusxm-launches-south-asian-channel/|title=SiriusXM Launches South Asian Channel|first=Lance|last=Venta|work=RadioInsight|date=March 26, 2025|access-date=March 26, 2025}}</ref>
==Services==
Sirius XM Canada is the Canadian distributor of the namesake SiriusXM satellite radio and streaming platforms. Officially, Sirius Canada and XM Canada remain separate satellite radio services, though since 2012 operated under a single licence, under the authority of the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]] (CRTC). This distinction is due to technical differences between the two platforms which may result in minor programming variations between the two services, despite the fact that most programming has been harmonized since the U.S. and Canadian mergers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2012/2012-629.htm|title=Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2012-629|author=Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission|date=November 16, 2012|access-date=August 6, 2023}}</ref>
As it uses the same infrastructure as SiriusXM U.S., the Canadian service cannot program a full set of channels that adheres to the same [[Canadian content]] rules as traditional radio stations. Instead, under the terms of its CRTC licence, SiriusXM Canada must offer a minimum of 10% Canadian-produced channels (i.e., at least one Canadian channel for every nine channels originating from the U.S. or elsewhere) in each of its packages, of which at least one must be an Indigenous channel, and several must be French-language channels. On these channels, at least 85% of musical selections and 85% of spoken-word content must be Canadian content. The service must also make significant ongoing financial contributions to Canadian content development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2019/2019-431.htm|title=Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2019-431|date=December 19, 2019|access-date=August 6, 2023}}</ref>
From time to time, these rules have resulted in certain American channels being unavailable on satellite radio to SiriusXM Canada subscribers. These channel restrictions do not apply to SiriusXM's streaming platforms, and (subject to program rights conflicts) all are available through the SiriusXM app, as are all of SiriusXM's "Xtra" channels.
Packaging generally mirrors that of the American service. {{As of|April 2024}}, available plans consist of three tiers of cross-platform (satellite and streaming) channels and functionality, as well as an app-only "All Access" plan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.siriusxm.ca/plans/|title=Get the plan that's right for you|work=SiriusXM.ca|access-date=April 12, 2024}}</ref> Certain plans include streaming "artist stations", which until late 2023 were branded as being powered by [[Pandora (service)|Pandora]], a streaming service that is not otherwise available in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://listenercare.siriusxm.ca/prweb/PRRestService/seoCa/km/help/SupportCenterExCA/KC-241219|title=Why can't I locate my Pandora Stations in the new SiriusXM app?|work=SiriusXM Canada Support Center|access-date=April 12, 2024}}</ref>
===Current Canadian channels===
{{As of|March 2025}}, the Canadian channels produced or supplied by SiriusXM Canada, ordered by their channel numbers, are as follows.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.siriusxm.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/SiriusXM-Channel-Guide.pdf|title=SiriusXM Channel Lineup|work=SiriusXM.ca|date=March 16, 2023|access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.siriusxm.ca/canadian-music-channels/|title=SiriusXM is Canada|work=SiriusXM.ca|access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> Some channels, particularly those in the 600s and up, may only be available in the SiriusXM app, and/or on SiriusXM's 360L platform (available on select vehicles produced since 2019) which can also stream content through vehicles' cellular data modems.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motortrend.com/features/what-is-siriusxm-with-360l-streaming-audio/|title=What Is SiriusXM with 360L? A Breakdown of the New Audio Platform|first=Kelly|last=Lin|work=MotorTrend|date=July 29, 2020|access-date=August 6, 2023}}</ref>
* '''Attitude Franco''' (163) – French-language rock music
* '''Mixtape North''' (164) – Canadian hip-hop and R&B
* '''The Indigiverse''' (165) – Indigenous music and talk programming
* '''Racines Musicales''' (166) – "homegrown" French-language and Indigenous music
* '''[[Canada Talks]]''' (167) – Canadian talk radio
* '''[[SiriusXM Comedy Club]]''' (168) – Canadian stand-up comedy sets
* '''[[CBC Radio One]]''' (169) – English-language public radio; special satellite radio feed
* '''[[Ici Radio-Canada Première]]''' (170) – French-language public radio; simulcast of [[CBF-FM]] Montreal
* '''Top of the Country Radio''' (171) – Canadian country music
* '''SiriusXM Scoreboard''' (172) – continuous sports results service
* '''[[The Verge (XM)|The Verge]]''' (173) – Canadian alternative and indie rock
* '''Influence Franco''' (174) – French-language alternative and indie music
* '''North Americana''' (359) – Americana and roots music
* '''Noël Incontournable''' (640) – French-language Christmas and holiday music (available throughout the year)
* '''Poplandia''' (754) – Canadian pop hits of the 1990s and 2000s
* '''Les Tubes 80-90''' (756) – French-language 1980s-90s pop-rock hits
* '''The Tragically Hip Radio''' (757) – devoted to the music of [[The Tragically Hip]] and associated acts and influences
* '''Iceberg''' (758) – Canadian rock music
* '''Les Tubes Franco''' (759) – French-language hit music
* '''SiriusXM Dhamaka''' (796) – South Asian music
==See also==
*[[List of Sirius XM Radio channels]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
* {{Official website|www.siriusxm.ca}}
{{Audio broadcasting}}
[[Category:Canadian radio networks]]
[[Category:SiriusXM|Canada]]
[[Category:Radio broadcasting companies of Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]
[[Category:Slaight Communications]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in 2011]]
[[Category:Companies based in Toronto]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange]]
| 1,300,416,700
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[{"title": "Sirius XM Canada Holdings Inc.", "data": {"Company type": "Joint venture", "Industry": "Broadcasting", "Founded": "2011", "Headquarters": "Toronto, Ontario, Canada", "Key people": "- Anthony Viner (chairman) - Mark Redmond (CEO)", "Products": "Satellite radio \u00b7 Telematics \u00b7 Internet radio", "Revenue": "$303 million CAD (2014)", "Owner": "Sirius XM (33.0%) \u00b7 Gary Slaight (33.5%) \u00b7 John Bitove (33.5%)", "Website": "www.siriusxm.ca"}}]
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# Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium
The Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium, or ARG, is a coeducational gymnasium in Heusenstamm, Germany, established in 1966. It has about 1400 pupils from ages 10 to 19.
## History
The Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium opened on 1 December 1966 at the beginning of a shortened school year, which changed its start date from Easter to the Summer.
In 1970, the school building was completed, so that provisional accommodation was no longer used.
In 1973, the school began student exchanges with the Judd School, later also with Tonbridge Grammar School.
## Curriculum
### Languages
Five languages are taught at ARG. German is a compulsory native language, whilst English, French, Spanish and Latin as foreign languages. Students must take English, and one other foreign language.
### Religious Education
Students may choose between Catholic and Protestant religious education. Worship takes place at the nearby Maria Himmelskron church after each holiday.
### Other subjects
The school also offers:
- Art
- Biology (Y5+)
- Chemistry (Y8+)
- Geography
- Music
- Physics (Y7+)
- Theatre (Y11+)
### Extracurricular activities
The school offers a variety of clubs and societies, including musical bands and orchestras.
## Campus
The ARG-Campus has a gym and four teaching buildings.
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{{More citations needed|date=June 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium
| native_name = Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium
| logo =
| motto =
| location = [[Heusenstamm]], [[Germany]]
| schooltype = [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]
| founded = 1966
| founder =
| authority =
| head =
| grades = 5 to 13, currently no year 13
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Co-Educational]]
| avg_class_size =
| system =
| houses =
| mascot =
| accreditation =
| fees =
| language = [[German language|German]]
| enrolment = 1150
| homepage = http://arg-heusenstamm.de
}}
The '''Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium''', or '''ARG''', is a coeducational [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] in [[Heusenstamm]], Germany, established in 1966.<ref name=Stadt>{{Cite web | title =Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium | work =Rund um die Schule - Weiterführende Schulen | publisher =Stadt Heusenstamm | url =http://www.stadt-heusenstamm.de/FamilieinHeusenstamm/RundumdieSchule/tabid/146/cmod/628/article/242-Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium/Default.aspx | accessdate =7 October 2010 }}</ref> It has about 1400 pupils from ages 10 to 19.{{As of?|date=May 2023}}
==History==
The Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium opened on 1 December 1966 at the beginning of a shortened school year, which changed its start date from Easter to the Summer.<ref name=Stadt/>
In 1970, the school building was completed, so that provisional accommodation was no longer used.<ref name=Stadt/>
In 1973, the school began student exchanges with [[the Judd School]], later also with [[Tonbridge Grammar School]].<ref>{{Cite web | last =Fischer | first =Bernd | title =1984: Borough of Tonbridge & Malling | work =Heusenstamms Partnerstädte | publisher =Golden Bridge - Offenbach-Post | date =2 July 1991 | url =http://www.goldenbridge.eu/heusenstamm/heusenstamms-partnerst%C3%A4dte | accessdate =7 October 2010 | archive-url =https://archive.today/20120805002929/http://www.goldenbridge.eu/heusenstamm/heusenstamms-partnerst%C3%A4dte | archive-date =2012-08-05 | url-status =dead }}</ref>
== Curriculum ==
=== Languages ===
Five languages are taught at ARG. German is a compulsory native language, whilst English, French, Spanish and Latin as foreign languages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arg-heusenstamm.de/fachbereich-1.html|title=Fachbereich 1 - Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium Heusenstamm|website=arg-heusenstamm.de|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> Students must take English, and one other foreign language.
=== Religious Education ===
Students may choose between [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[Protestantism|Protestant]] religious education. Worship takes place at the nearby Maria Himmelskron church after each holiday. {{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
=== Other subjects ===
The school also offers:
* Art
* Biology (Y5+)
* Chemistry (Y8+)
* Geography
* Music
* Physics (Y7+)
* Theatre (Y11+)
=== Extracurricular activities ===
The school offers a variety of clubs and societies, including musical bands and orchestras. {{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
== Campus ==
The ARG-Campus has a gym and four teaching buildings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arg-heusenstamm.de/gebaeude.html|title=Gebäude - Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium Heusenstamm|website=arg-heusenstamm.de|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.arg-heusenstamm.de/portal/willkommen.php}}{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|de}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|50.054702|8.785707|display=title}}
[[Category:Schools in Hesse]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1966]]
[[Category:Gymnasiums in Germany]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in West Germany]]
| 1,291,053,263
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[{"title": "Location", "data": {"Location": "Heusenstamm, Germany"}}, {"title": "Information", "data": {"School type": "Gymnasium", "Founded": "1966", "Grades": "5 to 13, currently no year 13", "Gender": "Co-Educational", "Enrolment": "1150", "Language": "German", "Website": "http://arg-heusenstamm.de"}}]
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# Geoffrey Goodwin
Geoffrey Goodwin is a television and digital executive who has worked in both the United Kingdom and in his native Canada. He was head of strategy for drama, entertainment, comedy, children’s and film at the BBC from 2003 to 2007, and wrote the BBC's under-18s strategy with Andy Parfitt in 2007. In that year, 2007 Goodwin set up BBC Switch, a multi-platform brand aimed at teenagers, which he ran for four years. In January 2013, after working for the then CEO of BBC Worldwide John Smith, Goodwin founded his own production and talent management company, 40 Partners Ltd.
## Career
### BBC head of strategy, DEC
After working as a media consultant in London at IXL and BBC Ventures for various blue chip companies, Goodwin took on the role of head of strategy for BBC Drama, Entertainment, Comedy, Children's and Film ("DEC"), reporting to Alan Yentob. During this time, Goodwin worked closely with BBC programme department heads and other BBC executive directors to develop editorial, business, and financial strategy across DEC programme genres - a circa £500 million production entity that included two digital TV channels and BBC Films.
Goodwin also lead several pan-BBC projects, including the BBC Creative Futures Under-18s workstream with Andy Parfitt.
During his time as head of strategy for DEC, Goodwin drove strategy of digital investment into DEC-related programme areas, helping launch some of the first and most successful digital brands of the BBC, including BBC Fictionlab, BBC Collective, and the BBC Film Network.
In February 2006 Goodwin wrote the BBC's film strategy for Alan Yentob, which included a £100 million boost for the British film industry, in the hope of producing more hits like Billy Elliot.
### BBC Switch
In 2007, in a return to programme-making, Geoff set up BBC Switch, a new BBC brand which was aimed at teenagers.
BBC Switch represented a step forward for the BBC, not only in that it reached out to the underserved age group of 12- to 17-year-olds, but also in that it was multi-platform to a degree not seen at the BBC before. BBC Switch spanned television and radio, but at its heart was an online presence. Switch had its own website, www.bbc.co.uk/switch, but, importantly, also hosted content on external third party sites, including Facebook and YouTube.
Switch's television slot was Saturdays 12pm-2pm on BBC Two. On radio, Switch occupied 7pm onwards on Sunday evenings, and online daily from 5pm.
The team that Goodwin assembled for the development of BBC Switch included Emma Smithwick and Daniel Heaf. The team reported to Jana Bennett, director of TV, and Andy Parfitt, who at that time was the controller of Radio 1, BBC 1 Xtra and BBC Popular Music. At the time, Goodwin described BBC Switch as "committed to offering the best entertainment for British teens in a way that's authentic and fresh".
### Television
Four programmes originally filled the BBC Two slot of Saturdays 12pm-2pm. Sound was a weekly music entertainment and chat show presented by Annie Mac and Nick Grimshaw. Falcon Beach was a coming-of-age drama about teenagers, their passions, relationships, friends, families and enemies. Them was a documentary series that explored the different teenage tribes that exist in Britain today. The Surgery, presented by Jeff Leach, was a chat show for BBC Switch. The Surgery was the television version of The Sunday Surgery, a radio show presented by Kelly Osbourne, which aimed to help teenagers with everyday problems
Switch's flagship programme, and one of the first British dramas to air online, The Cut, premiered in 2010. The Cut was unique in that it aired in five-minute webisodes on the Switch website and via YouTube, before showing in an omnibus on BBC Two. Goodwin commissioned and produced The Cut, which ran for forty episodes with great success. Goodwin created The Cut with director/producer Sarah Walker, producer Pete Gibbons and the award-winning writer Al Smith. He also worked with directors Laura Smith, Alex Kalymnios and Amy Neil and writers Anna McCleery, Grant Black, Emma Smithwick and Vicki Lutas.
In 2008, Goodwin commissioned Class Of 2008 for BBC Switch; an observational documentary that featured the fashion model Daisy Lowe. This was a collaboration with Monkey Kingdom Productions, who later went on to make Made in Chelsea.
In 2009, Goodwin and the Switch team collaborated with Sarah Dillistone at Lime Pictures to make The Season, a constructed reality programme that followed the lives of a group of "saisonnieres" working in the "party capital of the Alps", Val-d'Isère. Lime Pictures later developed the hugely successful The Only Way is Essex.
Revealed..., a journalism and current affairs show which looked at the lives of teens in the UK, presented by Anthony Baxter and Charlotte Ashton, also aired that year, as did Scene Stealers, a "life swap" style format in which teenagers pretend they belong to a different "teen tribe", which Charlie Brooker described as ‘harmless fun’; and docusoap Mission Beach, which followed eight British teenagers taking part in California's renowned Junior Lifeguard Programme.
Meta4orce was an animated interactive detective series about a team of four genetically altered investigators solving high-profile crime cases in the flooded city of London in 2034. It was written by Peter Milligan, a veteran graphic novel writer for DC Comics and Marvel.
Off the Hook was a comedy series about a group of first year university students getting their first taste of independence, starring Jonathan Bailey.
The following year, BBC Switch teamed up with Firecracker Productions to create Single, Together, Whatever, a factual programme which followed a group of teenagers over a three-month period, taking a look at their relationships. The same year, Goodwin’s team collaborated with RSA (Ridley Scott’s production company) to produce Myths, a series of five-minute episodes which told the story of the classic Greek Myths in a modern setting. Popatron, a sitcom based behind the scenes of a celebrity entertainment show also aired that year, as did Shelfstackers, another comedy about four teenagers working at a supermarket.
The last BBC Switch programme was the feature-length musical, Rules of Love, which premiered on 18 December 2010, which was the first modern British urban musical to be made.
### Online
The BBC Switch website was a portal linking teens to content across the BBC including BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 1Xtra, BBC Blast, and EastEnders.
BBC Switch was an innovative brand within the BBC in that several of its shows were broadcast across television, radio and online. The 5:19 Show, for example, (a television show hosted by Tom Deacon and AJ Odudu) aired online from Monday to Friday at 5:19pm, but then also had a slot on BBC Two. The show was named 5:19 in recognition of the time most teenagers log-on.
In 2008, Goodwin commissioned Benched, a quickfire teen match-making show that took place on a park bench. The programme aired as a series of five-minute "webisodes", filmed on different park benches starring teens from the local area. It was available to watch on the BBC Switch website.
In 2009, Goodwin commissioned and executive produced the BAFTA and international Emmy nominated TV and web series, The Well, a teenage thriller starring Karen Gillan (who later played Amy Pond, assistant to Peter Capaldi’s Doctor Who). The Well aired on BBC Two and extended online to bbc.co.uk/switch, where the audience could immerse themselves further in the story, exploring a spookily atmospheric recreation of the main drama location in a multi-level game.
On Saturday 12 September 2009, the cross-platform Chartjackers aired on BBC 2. This was a documentary that followed four YouTube sensations trying to crowd-source a new track, and get it to number 1. Viewers followed their progress via Twitter and online video blogs, and the result was aired over a half hour on BBC Two. All profits made from the single were donated to Children in Need to help disadvantaged children and young people in the UK.
The Switch brand also included Slink, an online magazine for teenage girls.
### Radio
Switch radio programmes that Goodwin and his team oversaw include The Surgery with Aled and Dr Rhada, a discussion show which focused on issues faced by teenagers and BBC Switch Road Trip with Annie Mac, Nick Grimshaw and Aled Haydn Jones, a musical road trip which took place in live music venues all over the country.
Grimshaw proved a popular choice, largely due to his natural affinity with young people.
Switch was unique in the fact that younger viewers' contributions were also aired. Some were even involved in pre- and post-production roles.
### Closure of BBC Switch
Director general Mark Thompson's strategic review of the corporation's scope and activities included proposals to close the cross media brands BBC Switch and BBC Blast!, which were both aimed at teenagers. In February 2010, The Guardian and The Times newspapers both reported that the BBC Switch website was under threat of closure, in a review of the BBC's online presence.
On 18 December 2010, BBC Switch closed due to a 25% cut in the BBC Online budget, reducing it by £34 million.
### BBC Worldwide
In 2011, following BBC Switch’s closure, Goodwin joined BBC Worldwide to devise a new commercial culture brand, the BBC Culture Club. Under the working title of 'The BBC Culture Club' this project aimed to build a new global BBC Worldwide consumer brand in the Arts, Culture and Film space. Essentially, this new brand was a highly editorialised video on demand service. In this initiative, Goodwin reported to John Smith, who was then Head of BBC Worldwide, and is now Chief Operating Officer for Burberry.
The proposal for BBC Culture Club was that credible key talent would be used to present originated, short-form authoritative pieces to introduce and provide context for the long-form films, TV, radio programming and 3rd party partner content such as exhibitions, festivals and other live events. It was characterised as a high quality British heritage brand (similar to, for example, Burberry or The Economist).
### 40 Partners
In January 2013, after a summer of seed funding, Goodwin set up his own production company come talent agency with chairman Bob Benton, Producer Emma Smithwick and Lawyer Adrian Faulkner.
40 Partners credits include 40 Kids by 20 Women (Channel 5 observational documentary), Witness: Confessions of a Hitman (C&I documentary), Being Mum, and 30 Something (both series of online shorts for AOL with Tess Daly, Rochelle Humes and Richard Bacon).
### AOL
In winter 2016, as head of originals and brand funded video, Goodwin and his 40 Partners non-fiction team were brought in-house to supercharge AOL UK's video ambitions, producing and / or commissioning a range of original series.
### OATH / Verizon Media
In June 2017 Goodwin was director, Video EMEA at Oath (Verizon-owned company that merged AOL and Yahoo!)
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{{for|the Australian cricketer|Geoffrey Goodwin (cricketer)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Geoffrey Goodwin''' is a television and digital executive who has worked in both the United Kingdom and in his native Canada. He was head of strategy for drama, entertainment, comedy, children’s and film at the [[BBC]] from 2003 to 2007, and wrote the BBC's under-18s strategy with [[Andy Parfitt]] in 2007. In that year, 2007 Goodwin set up [[BBC Switch]], a multi-platform brand aimed at teenagers, which he ran for four years. In January 2013, after working for the then CEO of [[BBC Worldwide]] [[John Smith (BBC executive)|John Smith]], Goodwin founded his own production and talent management company, 40 Partners Ltd.
==Career==
===BBC head of strategy, DEC===
After working as a media consultant in London at IXL and BBC Ventures for various blue chip companies, Goodwin took on the role of head of strategy for [[BBC]] Drama, Entertainment, Comedy, Children's and Film ("DEC"), reporting to [[Alan Yentob]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/insidethebbc/managementstructure/biographies/yentob_alan |title=BBC - Alan Yentob, Former Creative Director - Inside the BBC |access-date=2019-12-20 |archive-date=2019-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106222049/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/insidethebbc/managementstructure/biographies/yentob_alan |url-status=dead }}</ref> During this time, Goodwin worked closely with BBC programme department heads and other BBC executive directors to develop editorial, business, and financial strategy across DEC programme genres - a circa £500 million production entity that included two digital TV channels and [[BBC Films]].{{cn|date=July 2025}}
Goodwin also lead several pan-BBC projects, including the [[Creative Futures (BBC)|BBC Creative Futures]] Under-18s workstream with [[Andy Parfitt]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.brunel.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/112711/andyparfitt.pdf |author-link= Andy Parfitt|first=Andy |last=Parfitt|title=Andy Parfitt, BBC, 5 November 2007 |access-date=2015-07-14 |archive-date=2015-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723172058/http://www.brunel.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/112711/andyparfitt.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
During his time as head of strategy for DEC, Goodwin drove strategy of digital investment into DEC-related programme areas, helping launch some of the first and most successful digital brands of the BBC, including BBC Fictionlab, BBC Collective, and the BBC Film Network.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
In February 2006 Goodwin wrote the BBC's film strategy for Alan Yentob, which included a £100 million boost for the [[British film industry]], in the hope of producing more hits like ''[[Billy Elliot]]''.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
===BBC Switch===
In 2007, in a return to programme-making, Geoff set up [[BBC Switch]], a new BBC brand which was aimed at teenagers.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
BBC Switch represented a step forward for the BBC, not only in that it reached out to the underserved age group of 12- to 17-year-olds, but also in that it was multi-platform to a degree not seen at the BBC before. BBC Switch spanned television and radio, but at its heart was an online presence. Switch had its own website, www.bbc.co.uk/switch, but, importantly, also hosted content on external third party sites, including [[Facebook]] and [[YouTube]].{{cn|date=July 2025}}
Switch's television slot was Saturdays 12pm-2pm on [[BBC Two]]. On radio, Switch occupied 7pm onwards on Sunday evenings,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/content-focus-bbc-switch/706945.article|title=Content Focus: BBC Switch}}</ref> and online daily from 5pm.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
The team that Goodwin assembled for the development of BBC Switch included [[Emma Smithwick]] and Daniel Heaf. The team reported to [[Jana Bennett]], director of TV, and [[Andy Parfitt]], who at that time was the controller of [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]], [[BBC 1 Xtra]] and [[BBC Popular Music]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/insidethebbc/managementstructure/biographies/parfitt_andy.html |title=BBC - Andy Parfitt - Inside the BBC |access-date=2019-12-20 |archive-date=2016-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410202235/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/insidethebbc/managementstructure/biographies/parfitt_andy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the time, Goodwin described BBC Switch as "committed to offering the best entertainment for British teens in a way that's authentic and fresh".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/dec/11/ridley-scott-bbc|title = Ridley Scott firm makes BBC2 teen series based on Greek myths|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 11 December 2008}}</ref>
===Television===
Four programmes originally filled the BBC Two slot of Saturdays 12pm-2pm. ''Sound'' was a weekly music entertainment and chat show presented by [[Annie Mac]] and [[Nick Grimshaw]]. ''Falcon Beach'' was a coming-of-age drama about teenagers, their passions, relationships, friends, families and enemies. ''Them'' was a documentary series that explored the different teenage tribes that exist in Britain today. ''The Surgery'', presented by [[Jeff Leach]], was a chat show for BBC Switch. ''The Surgery'' was the television version of ''The Sunday Surgery'', a radio show presented by [[Kelly Osbourne]], which aimed to help teenagers with everyday problems<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/08_august/21/switch.shtml|title = BBC - Press Office - BBC Switch announces activity for Autumn 2008}}</ref>
Switch's flagship programme, and one of the first British dramas to air online, ''[[The Cut (UK TV series)|The Cut]]'', premiered in 2010. ''The Cut'' was unique in that it aired in five-minute webisodes on the Switch website and via YouTube, before showing in an omnibus on BBC Two. Goodwin commissioned and produced ''The Cut'', which ran for forty episodes with great success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/05_may/14/cut.shtml|title = BBC - Press Office - BBC launches multi-platform soap for teens}}</ref> Goodwin created ''The Cut'' with director/producer Sarah Walker, producer Pete Gibbons and the award-winning writer [[Al Smith]]. He also worked with directors Laura Smith, [[Alex Kalymnios]] and Amy Neil and writers Anna McCleery, Grant Black, [[Emma Smithwick]] and Vicki Lutas.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
In 2008, Goodwin commissioned ''Class Of 2008'' for BBC Switch; an observational documentary that featured the fashion model [[Daisy Lowe]]. This was a collaboration with [[Monkey Kingdom Productions]], who later went on to make ''[[Made in Chelsea]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc-switch-to-take-on-teen-problems/921383.article|title = BBC Switch to take on teen problems}}</ref>
In 2009, Goodwin and the Switch team collaborated with Sarah Dillistone at [[Lime Pictures]] to make ''The Season'', a constructed reality programme that followed the lives of a group of "saisonnieres" working in the "party capital of the Alps", [[Val-d'Isère]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/10_october/23/season.shtml|title=BBC - Press Office - BBC announces new constructed reality series, the Season}}</ref> [[Lime Pictures]] later developed the hugely successful [[The Only Way is Essex]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.limepictures.com/our-programmes/the-only-way-is-essex/ |title=Lime Pictures – the Only Way is Essex |access-date=2015-07-14 |archive-date=2015-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723175251/http://www.limepictures.com/our-programmes/the-only-way-is-essex/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
''Revealed...'', a journalism and current affairs show which looked at the lives of teens in the UK, presented by [[Anthony S. Baxter|Anthony Baxter]] and [[Charlotte Ashton]], also aired that year, as did ''Scene Stealers'', a "life swap" style format in which teenagers pretend they belong to a different "teen tribe", which [[Charlie Brooker]] described as ‘harmless fun’;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2008/sep/06/television.television|title=Television: Charlie Brooker's Screen Burn|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=5 September 2008}}</ref> and docusoap ''Mission Beach'', which followed eight British teenagers taking part in California's renowned Junior Lifeguard Programme.
''Meta4orce'' was an animated interactive detective series about a team of four genetically altered investigators solving high-profile crime cases in the flooded city of London in 2034. It was written by [[Peter Milligan]], a veteran graphic novel writer for [[DC Comics]] and [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/03_march/13/switch.shtml|title = BBC - Press Office - BBC Switch announces launch of new content}}</ref>
''[[Off the Hook (TV series)|Off the Hook]]'' was a comedy series about a group of first year university students getting their first taste of independence, starring [[Jonathan Bailey]].{{cn|date=July 2025}}
The following year, BBC Switch teamed up with Firecracker Productions to create ''Single, Together, Whatever'', a factual programme which followed a group of teenagers over a three-month period, taking a look at their relationships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2010/02_february/18/single.shtml|title = BBC - Press Office - BBC Switch orders teen relationships documentary series}}</ref> The same year, Goodwin’s team collaborated with [[Ridley Scott Associates|RSA]] (Ridley Scott’s production company) to produce Myths, a series of five-minute episodes which told the story of the classic Greek Myths in a modern setting. ''Popatron'', a sitcom based behind the scenes of a celebrity entertainment show also aired that year, as did ''Shelfstackers'', another comedy about four teenagers working at a supermarket.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
The last BBC Switch programme was the feature-length musical, ''Rules of Love'', which premiered on 18 December 2010, which was the first modern British urban musical to be made.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
===Online===
The BBC Switch website was a portal linking teens to content across the BBC including [[BBC Radio 1]], [[BBC Radio 1Xtra]], BBC Blast, and ''[[EastEnders]]''.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
BBC Switch was an innovative brand within the [[BBC]] in that several of its shows were broadcast across television, radio and online. ''The 5:19 Show'', for example, (a television show hosted by [[Tom Deacon (comedian)|Tom Deacon]] and [[AJ Odudu]]) aired online from Monday to Friday at 5:19pm, but then also had a slot on [[BBC Two]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/online-switch-show-to-be-glue-for-bbc2-strand/1946543.article|title = Online Switch show to be 'glue' for BBC2 strand}}</ref> The show was named 5:19 in recognition of the time most teenagers log-on.<ref name="theguardian1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/aug/21/bbc.digitalmedia|title = Teen content initiative BBC Switch to show freshers comedy|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 21 August 2008}}</ref>
In 2008, Goodwin commissioned ''Benched'', a quickfire teen match-making show that took place on a park bench. The programme aired as a series of five-minute "webisodes", filmed on different park benches starring teens from the local area. It was available to watch on the BBC Switch website.
In 2009, Goodwin commissioned and executive produced the BAFTA and international Emmy nominated TV and web series, ''The Well'', a teenage thriller starring [[Karen Gillan]] (who later played Amy Pond, assistant to [[Peter Capaldi]]’s ''[[Doctor Who]]''). ''The Well'' aired on BBC Two and extended online to bbc.co.uk/switch, where the audience could immerse themselves further in the story, exploring a spookily atmospheric recreation of the main drama location in a multi-level game.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
On Saturday 12 September 2009, the cross-platform ''Chartjackers'' aired on BBC 2. This was a documentary that followed four YouTube sensations trying to crowd-source a new track, and get it to number 1. Viewers followed their progress via [[Twitter]] and online video blogs, and the result was aired over a half hour on BBC Two. All profits made from the single were donated to [[Children in Need]] to help disadvantaged children and young people in the UK.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
The Switch brand also included ''[[Slink]]'', an online magazine for teenage girls.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
===Radio===
Switch radio programmes that Goodwin and his team oversaw include ''The Surgery'' with Aled and Dr Rhada, a discussion show which focused on issues faced by teenagers and BBC Switch Road Trip with [[Annie Mac]], [[Nick Grimshaw]] and [[Aled Haydn Jones]], a musical road trip which took place in live music venues all over the country.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
Grimshaw proved a popular choice, largely due to his natural affinity with young people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jul/11/radio-1-nick-grimshaw|title = Radio 1's Nick Grimshaw: Young pretender to the breakfast throne|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 11 July 2012}}</ref>
Switch was unique in the fact that younger viewers' contributions were also aired. Some were even involved in pre- and post-production roles.<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/>
===Closure of BBC Switch===
Director general [[Mark Thompson (media executive)|Mark Thompson]]'s strategic review of the corporation's scope and activities included proposals to close the cross media brands BBC Switch and BBC Blast!, which were both aimed at teenagers. In February 2010, [[The Guardian]] and [[The Times]] newspapers both reported that the BBC Switch website was under threat of closure, in a review of the BBC's online presence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/feb/26/bbc-media-radio-internet-website|title=BBC 'to axe radio stations and halve website' in strategic review|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=26 February 2010}}</ref><ref>Foster, Patrick (26 February 2010). "BBC signals an end to era of expansion". The Times (London)</ref>
On 18 December 2010, BBC Switch closed due to a 25% cut in the BBC Online budget, reducing it by £34 million.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
===BBC Worldwide===
In 2011, following BBC Switch’s closure, Goodwin joined BBC Worldwide to devise a new commercial culture brand, the BBC Culture Club. Under the working title of 'The BBC Culture Club' this project aimed to build a new global BBC Worldwide consumer brand in the Arts, Culture and Film space. Essentially, this new brand was a highly editorialised video on demand service. In this initiative, Goodwin reported to [[John Smith (BBC executive)|John Smith]], who was then Head of [[BBC Worldwide]], and is now Chief Operating Officer for [[Burberry]].{{cn|date=July 2025}}
The proposal for BBC Culture Club was that credible key talent would be used to present originated, short-form authoritative pieces to introduce and provide context for the long-form films, TV, radio programming and 3rd party partner content such as exhibitions, festivals and other live events. It was characterised as a high quality British heritage brand (similar to, for example, [[Burberry]] or ''[[The Economist]]'').
===40 Partners===
In January 2013, after a summer of seed funding, Goodwin set up his own production company come talent agency with chairman Bob Benton, Producer [[Emma Smithwick]] and Lawyer Adrian Faulkner.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.40partners.com/ |title=Home |website=40partners.com |access-date=14 July 2015 |archive-date=1 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801025913/http://www.40partners.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
40 Partners credits include ''40 Kids by 20 Women'' ([[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel 5]] observational documentary), ''Witness: Confessions of a Hitman'' ([[C&I]] documentary), ''Being Mum'', and ''30 Something'' (both series of online shorts for AOL with [[Tess Daly]], [[Rochelle Humes]] and [[Richard Bacon (broadcaster)|Richard Bacon]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.advertising.aol.co.uk/2014/10/17/aol-uk-announces-new-original-shows-at-the-iab-digital-upfront/ |title=AOL UK ANNOUNCES NEW ORIGINAL SHOWS AT THE IAB DIGITAL UPFRONTS - AOL Advertising UK |access-date=2015-07-14 |archive-date=2015-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723174721/http://www.advertising.aol.co.uk/2014/10/17/aol-uk-announces-new-original-shows-at-the-iab-digital-upfront/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===AOL===
In winter 2016, as head of originals and brand funded video, Goodwin and his 40 Partners non-fiction team were brought in-house to supercharge [[AOL UK]]'s video ambitions, producing and / or commissioning a range of original series.
===OATH / Verizon Media===
In June 2017 Goodwin was director, Video EMEA at [[Oath (company)|Oath]] (Verizon-owned company that merged AOL and Yahoo!)
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goodwin, Geofrey}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:BBC people]]
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[]
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# Valle de Lierp
Valle de Lierp (Spanish: [ˈbaʎe ðe ˈljeɾp]), in Ribagorçan and Aragonese: Val de Lierp, is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, in Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 49 inhabitants.
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enwiki/13170336
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enwiki
| 13,170,336
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Valle de Lierp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valle_de_Lierp
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2024-08-20T01:49:55Z
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en
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Q984621
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{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| type = [[municipalities of Spain|municipality]]
| official_name = {{native name|es|Valle de Lierp|italic=no}}
| native_name = {{lang|ca|Val de Lierp}} <span style="font-size:81%; font-weight:normal;">([[Ribagorçan]])</span><br>{{native name|an|Val de Lierp}}
| image_skyline= 139.Egea (Valle de Lierp) - Iglesia de San Esteban + Turbón.jpg
| caption = Romanesque church in Valle de Lierp
| nickname =
| image_flag =
| image_shield =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Aragon]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Huesca (province)|Huesca]]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 32
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_note =
| population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| latitude =
| longitude =
| website =
| footnotes =
| }}
'''Valle de Lierp''' ({{IPA|es|ˈbaʎe ðe ˈljeɾp|lang}}), in [[Ribagorçan dialect|Ribagorçan]] and [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]]: '''Val de Lierp''', is a municipality located in the [[Huesca (province)|province of Huesca]], in [[Aragon]], [[Spain]]. According to the 2004 [[census]] ([[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]), the municipality has a population of 49 inhabitants.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{coord|42.380|N|0.489|E|display=title|source:cawiki}}
{{Ribagorza}}
{{Municipalities in Huesca}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Municipalities in the Province of Huesca]]
{{huesca-geo-stub}}
| 1,241,228,162
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[{"title": "Valle de Lierp (Spanish) Val de Lierp (Ribagor\u00e7an) \u00b7 Val de Lierp (Aragonese)", "data": {"Country": "Spain", "Autonomous community": "Aragon", "Province": "Huesca"}}, {"title": "Area", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "32 km2 (12 sq mi)"}}, {"title": "Population (2018)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "46", "\u2022 Density": "1.4/km2 (3.7/sq mi)", "Time zone": "UTC+1 (CET)", "\u2022 Summer (DST)": "UTC+2 (CEST)"}}]
| false
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# Attack of the Smithereens
| Review scores | Review scores |
| Source | Rating |
| ------------- | ------------- |
| AllMusic | [ 2 ] |
Attack of the Smithereens is a rarities compilation album by The Smithereens, released in 1995 by Capitol Records. It contains a number of B-sides and rare tracks as well as previously unreleased demos and live recordings.
## Track listing
Adapted from the album's liner notes.
All songs by Pat DiNizio, except where noted.
1. "Here Come the Smithereens" – 0:28
- 1945 Smith College women's choir
2. "Girl Don't Tell Me" (Live) (Brian Wilson) – 2:32
- Previously unreleased; recorded live in March 1980 at Englander's Bar, Hillside, New Jersey.
3. "Girls About Town" – 2:48
- From the Girls About Town EP; released 31 October 1980; recorded August–September 1980 at Chelsea Sound Studios, New York City, New York.
4. "Time and Time Again" (Band demo) – 2:31
- Previously unreleased; recorded February 1980 at Quality Sound Studio, Plainfield, New York.
5. "Don't Be Cruel" (Live) (Otis Blackwell, Elvis Presley) – 2:41
- Otis Blackwell backed by The Smithereens; previously unreleased; recorded live 1983 at Folk City, New York City.
6. "Hang Ten High" (Dominic Frontiere) – 2:15
- From the various artists compilation album The East Coast 60's Rock & Roll Experiment; released in 1986; recorded summer 1982 at Rock Bite Studios, New York City.
7. "Tracey's World" (Live) – 4:24
- Previously unreleased; in-store live performance recorded 1 October 1983 at Capitol Records record store, Hartford, Connecticut.
8. "Blood and Roses" (Demo) – 1:18
- Previously unreleased; recorded January 1985 at Pat's apartment, New York City
9. "Blood and Roses" (Band demo) – 3:23
- Previously unreleased; recorded 1985 at Pat's Dad's house, Scotch Plains, New Jersey
10. "Just a Little" (Live) (Ron Elliott, Bob Durand) – 2:43
- Sal Valentino and Declan Mulligan of The Beau Brummels backed by The Smithereens; previously unreleased; recorded live autumn 1985 at Irving Plaza, New York City
11. "The Seeker" (Pete Townshend) – 3:20
- B-side to "Only a Memory", released 6 April 1988; recorded spring 1987 at the Record Plant, New York City.
12. "Yesterday Girl" (4-track home demo) – 2:08
- Previously unreleased; recorded 1988 at Pat's house, Upstate New York.
13. "Poor Little Pitiful One" – 3:33
- B-side to "Top of the Pops", released 23 September 1991; recorded during sessions for Blow Up, spring 1991 at A&M Studios and Brooklyn Recording Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.
14. "Maria Elena" (Acoustic) – 2:44
- B-side to "Blues Before and After", released 24 January 1990; recorded summer 1989 at Rumbo Recorders, Los Angeles; original version from 11.
15. "You Really Got Me" (Live) (Ray Davies) – 3:46
- Ray and Dave Davies backed by The Smithereens; previously unreleased; recorded live 22 November 1991 at Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts.
16. "One After 909" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 3:36
- B-side to "Top of the Pops", released 23 September 1991; recorded during sessions for Green Thoughts in December 1987 at Capitol Studio B, Hollywood, Los Angeles.
17. "World Keeps Going 'Round" (Ray Davies) – 2:40
- B-side to "Too Much Passion", released 10 February 1992; recorded during sessions for Blow Up, spring 1991 at A&M Studios and Brooklyn Recording Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles.
18. "Behind the Wall of Sleep" (Live) – 4:02
- B-side to "Yesterday Girl", released 20 June 1990; recorded 13 December 1989 at National Video Center, New York City for MTV Unplugged.[4]
19. "Something Stupid" (C. Carson Parks) – 2:46
- B-side to "Get a Hold of My Heart", released 18 May 1992; recorded during sessions for Green Thoughts in December 1987 at Capitol Studio B, Hollywood, Los Angeles.
20. "Shakin' All Over" (Johnny Kidd) – 4:06
- B-side to "Top of the Pops", released 23 September 1991; recorded during sessions for Blow Up, spring 1991 at A&M Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles.
21. "Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer" (Johnny Marks) – 3:03
- Released as promotion only CD single on 30 November 1992 and on the various artists compilation album, Classic Rockin' Christmas, in 1993; recorded summer 1992 at the Chicago Recording Company, Chicago, Illinois.
22. "Ruler of My Heart" (Naomi Neville) – 3:03
- B-side to "House We Used to Live In", released 1988; recorded during sessions for Green Thoughts in December 1987 at Capitol Studio B, Hollywood, Los Angeles.
23. "It Don't Come Easy" (Richard Starkey) – 3:12
- B-side to "Too Much Passion", released 10 February 1992; recorded during sessions for Blow Up, spring 1991 at A&M Studios and Brooklyn Recording Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles.
24. "Lust For Life" (Iggy Pop, David Bowie) – 5:08
- B-side to "Only a Memory", released 1988; recorded during sessions for Green Thoughts in December 1987 at Capitol Studio B, Hollywood, Los Angeles.
25. "Like Someone in Love" – 3:59
- B-side to "A Girl Like You", released 18 October 1989; recorded during sessions for 11, spring-summer 1989 at American Recorders and Rumbo Recorders, Los Angeles.
26. "A Girl Like You" (Strip Club Version) – 3:29
- B-side to "A Girl Like You", released 18 October 1989; recorded summer 1989 at Crystal Studios, New York City.
## Personnel
Adapted from the album's liner notes and Discogs.
The Smithereens
- Pat DiNizio – lead vocals, guitar
- Jim Babjak – guitar, vocals, co-lead vocals (16), lead vocals (17), drums (26)
- Dennis Diken – drums, vocals, lead vocals (2)
- Mike Mesaros – bass, vocals
Additional musicians
- Ken Jones – bass (2, 4)[7]
- Otis Blackwell – lead vocals (5)
- Sal Valentino – lead vocals (10)
- Declan Mulligan – guitar (10)
- Ray Davies – lead vocals, guitar (15)
- Dave Davies – guitar (15)
- Kenny Margolis – accordion (14), electric piano (16), piano (23)
- Graham Parker – lead vocals (18)
- Marti Jones – co-lead vocal (19)
- Don Dixon – piano (22)
- Ray Anderson – trombone (26)
- Michael 'Tone' Hamilton – guitar (26)
Technical
- The Smithereens – production (3, 4, 6, 11, 13, 17, 20, 23, 26)
- Andy Shernoff – production (6)
- Jim T. Bradt – recorded by (7)
- Ed Stasium – production (13, 14, 20, 25)
- Don Dixon – production (16, 19, 22, 24)
- Michael 'Tone' Hamilton – production (17, 23)
- Kevin Reeves – mastering
- Wayne Watkins – project director
- Cheryl Pawelski – compilation producer, compiled by
- Dan Stout – sonic restoration
- Tommy Steele – art direction
- Everett Peck – illustrations
- Jeffrey Fey – design
- Pat DiNizio – liner notes
- Dennis Diken – liner notes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_of_the_Smithereens
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2025-05-17T16:33:02Z
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en
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Q48816431
| 69,354
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{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Attack of the Smithereens
| type = compilation
| artist = [[The Smithereens]]
| cover = Attack_of_The_Smithereens.jpg
| alt =
| released = 21 November 1995<ref>[https://officialsmithereens.com/music/attack-of-the-smithereens/ ''Attack of The Smithereens'']. Officialsmithereens.com. Retrieved on 30 January 2018.</ref>
| recorded = 1980–1992
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Rock music|Rock]]
| length = 79:40
| label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
| producer = [[The Smithereens]], [[Don Dixon (musician)|Don Dixon]], [[Ed Stasium]], [[Andy Shernoff]], Michael Hamilton
| prev_title = [[A Date with The Smithereens]]
| prev_year = 1994
| next_title = [[The Best of The Smithereens]]
| next_year = 1997
}}
{{Music ratings
|rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
|rev1score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web |first=Stephen Thomas |last=Erlewine |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=https://www.allmusic.com/album/attack-of-the-smithereens-mw0000176308|pure_url=yes}} |title=Attack of The Smithereens - review on AllMusic |publisher=Allmusic.com |access-date=30 January 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
}}
'''''Attack of the Smithereens''''' is a rarities [[compilation album]] by [[The Smithereens]], released in 1995 by [[Capitol Records]]. It contains a number of B-sides and rare tracks as well as previously unreleased demos and live recordings.<ref name="allmusic"/>
==Track listing==
Adapted from the album's liner notes.<ref name="auto">{{cite AV media notes |title=Attack of The Smithereens|type=CD liner notes|others=[[The Smithereens]]|publisher=[[Capitol Records]]|year=1995}}</ref>
All songs by [[Pat DiNizio]], except where noted.
#"Here Come the Smithereens" – 0:28
#*<small>1945 [[Smith College]] women's choir</small>
#"[[Girl Don't Tell Me]]" (Live) ([[Brian Wilson]]) – 2:32
#*<small>Previously unreleased; recorded live in March 1980 at Englander's Bar, [[Hillside, New Jersey]].</small>
#"Girls About Town" – 2:48
#*<small>From the ''[[Girls About Town (EP)|Girls About Town]]'' EP; released 31 October 1980; recorded August–September 1980 at Chelsea Sound Studios, [[New York City, New York]].</small>
#"Time and Time Again" (Band demo) – 2:31
#*<small>Previously unreleased; recorded February 1980 at Quality Sound Studio, [[Plainfield, New York]].</small>
#"[[Don't Be Cruel]]" (Live) ([[Otis Blackwell]], [[Elvis Presley]]) – 2:41
#*<small>Otis Blackwell backed by The Smithereens; previously unreleased; recorded live 1983 at [[Gerde's Folk City|Folk City]], New York City.</small>
#"[[Hang 'Em High (composition)|Hang Ten High]]" ([[Dominic Frontiere]]) – 2:15
#*<small>From the various artists compilation album ''The East Coast 60's Rock & Roll Experiment''; released in 1986; recorded summer 1982 at Rock Bite Studios, New York City.</small>
#"Tracey's World" (Live) – 4:24
#*<small>Previously unreleased; in-store live performance recorded 1 October 1983 at Capitol Records record store, [[Hartford, Connecticut]].</small>
#"[[Blood and Roses (song)|Blood and Roses]]" (Demo) – 1:18
#*<small>Previously unreleased; recorded January 1985 at Pat's apartment, New York City</small>
#"Blood and Roses" (Band demo) – 3:23
#*<small>Previously unreleased; recorded 1985 at Pat's Dad's house, [[Scotch Plains, New Jersey]]</small>
#"[[Just a Little (The Beau Brummels song)|Just a Little]]" (Live) ([[Ron Elliott (musician)|Ron Elliott]], Bob Durand) – 2:43
#*<small>[[Sal Valentino]] and [[Declan Mulligan]] of [[The Beau Brummels]] backed by The Smithereens; previously unreleased; recorded live autumn 1985 at [[Irving Plaza]], New York City</small>
#"[[The Seeker (The Who song)|The Seeker]]" ([[Pete Townshend]]) – 3:20
#*<small>B-side to "[[Only a Memory]]", released 6 April 1988; recorded spring 1987 at the [[Record Plant]], New York City.</small>
#"[[Yesterday Girl (song)|Yesterday Girl]]" ([[Portastudio|4-track]] home demo) – 2:08
#*<small>Previously unreleased; recorded 1988 at Pat's house, [[Upstate New York]].</small>
#"Poor Little Pitiful One" – 3:33
#*<small>B-side to "[[Top of the Pops (The Smithereens song)|Top of the Pops]]", released 23 September 1991; recorded during sessions for ''[[Blow Up (The Smithereens album)|Blow Up]]'', spring 1991 at [[A&M Studios]] and Brooklyn Recording Studios, [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California]].</small>
#"Maria Elena" (Acoustic) – 2:44
#*<small>B-side to "[[Blues Before and After]]", released 24 January 1990; recorded summer 1989 at [[Rumbo Recorders]], Los Angeles; original version from ''[[11 (The Smithereens album)|11]]''.</small>
#"[[You Really Got Me]]" (Live) ([[Ray Davies]]) – 3:46
#*<small>Ray and [[Dave Davies]] backed by The Smithereens; previously unreleased; recorded live 22 November 1991 at [[Boston Garden]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]].</small>
#"[[One After 909]]" ([[John Lennon]], [[Paul McCartney]]) – 3:36
#*<small>B-side to "Top of the Pops", released 23 September 1991; recorded during sessions for ''[[Green Thoughts]]'' in December 1987 at [[Capitol Studios|Capitol Studio B]], [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], Los Angeles.</small>
#"World Keeps Going 'Round" (Ray Davies) – 2:40
#*<small>B-side to "[[Too Much Passion]]", released 10 February 1992; recorded during sessions for ''Blow Up'', spring 1991 at A&M Studios and Brooklyn Recording Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles.</small>
#"[[Behind the Wall of Sleep (The Smithereens song)|Behind the Wall of Sleep]]" (Live) – 4:02
#*<small>B-side to "Yesterday Girl", released 20 June 1990; recorded 13 December 1989 at [[National Video Center]], New York City for [[MTV Unplugged]].</small><ref>[[List of artists featured on MTV Unplugged#Performances by performance date|List of artists featured on MTV Unplugged]]</ref>
#"[[Somethin' Stupid|Something Stupid]]" ([[Carson Parks|C. Carson Parks]]) – 2:46
#*<small>B-side to "Get a Hold of My Heart", released 18 May 1992; recorded during sessions for ''Green Thoughts'' in December 1987 at Capitol Studio B, Hollywood, Los Angeles.</small>
#"[[Shakin' All Over]]" ([[Johnny Kidd (singer)|Johnny Kidd]]) – 4:06
#*<small>B-side to "Top of the Pops", released 23 September 1991; recorded during sessions for ''Blow Up'', spring 1991 at A&M Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles.</small>
#"[[Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song)|Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer]]" ([[Johnny Marks]]) – 3:03
#*<small>Released as promotion only CD single on 30 November 1992 and on the various artists compilation album, ''Classic Rockin' Christmas'', in 1993; recorded summer 1992 at the [[Chicago Recording Company]], [[Chicago, Illinois]].</small>
#"Ruler of My Heart" ([[Naomi Neville]]) – 3:03
#*<small>B-side to "[[House We Used to Live In]]", released 1988; recorded during sessions for ''Green Thoughts'' in December 1987 at Capitol Studio B, Hollywood, Los Angeles.</small>
#"[[It Don't Come Easy]]" ([[Ringo Starr|Richard Starkey]]) – 3:12
#*<small>B-side to "Too Much Passion", released 10 February 1992; recorded during sessions for ''Blow Up'', spring 1991 at A&M Studios and Brooklyn Recording Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles.</small>
#"[[Lust for Life (Iggy Pop song)|Lust For Life]]" ([[Iggy Pop]], [[David Bowie]]) – 5:08
#*<small>B-side to "[[Only a Memory]]", released 1988; recorded during sessions for ''Green Thoughts'' in December 1987 at Capitol Studio B, Hollywood, Los Angeles.</small>
#"Like Someone in Love" – 3:59
#*<small>B-side to "[[A Girl Like You (The Smithereens song)|A Girl Like You]]", released 18 October 1989; recorded during sessions for ''11'', spring-summer 1989 at American Recorders and Rumbo Recorders, Los Angeles.</small>
#"[[A Girl Like You (The Smithereens song)|A Girl Like You]]" (Strip Club Version) – 3:29
#*<small>B-side to "A Girl Like You", released 18 October 1989; recorded summer 1989 at Crystal Studios, New York City.</small>
==Personnel==
Adapted from the album's liner notes and [[Discogs]].<ref name="auto"/><ref name="discogs1">{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/The-Smithereens-Too-Much-Passion/release/4506075 |title=''Too Much Passion''|publisher=Discogs.com|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="discogs2">{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Various-East-Coast-60s-Rock-Roll-Experiment/release/3786697 |title=''The East Coast 60's Rock & Roll Experiment''|publisher=Discogs.com|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref>
;The Smithereens
*[[Pat DiNizio]] – lead vocals, guitar
*[[Jim Babjak]] – guitar, vocals, co-lead vocals (16), lead vocals (17), drums (26)
*[[Dennis Diken]] – drums, vocals, lead vocals (2)
*Mike Mesaros – bass, vocals
;Additional musicians
*Ken Jones – bass (2, 4)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goldminemag.com/articles/the-smithereens-are-still-rocking-after-30-years|title=The Smithereens are still rocking after 30 years|publisher=[[Goldmine (magazine)|Goldmine]]|first=Patrick|last=Prince|date=May 31, 2010|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[Otis Blackwell]] – lead vocals (5)
*[[Sal Valentino]] – lead vocals (10)
*[[Declan Mulligan]] – guitar (10)
*[[Ray Davies]] – lead vocals, guitar (15)
*[[Dave Davies]] – guitar (15)
*Kenny Margolis – accordion (14), electric piano (16), piano (23)
*[[Graham Parker]] – lead vocals (18)
*[[Marti Jones]] – co-lead vocal (19)
*[[Don Dixon (musician)|Don Dixon]] – piano (22)
*[[Ray Anderson (musician)|Ray Anderson]] – trombone (26)
*Michael 'Tone' Hamilton – guitar (26)
;Technical
*The Smithereens – production (3, 4, 6, 11, 13, 17, 20, 23, 26)
*[[Andy Shernoff]] – production (6)
*Jim T. Bradt – recorded by (7)
*[[Ed Stasium]] – production (13, 14, 20, 25)
*Don Dixon – production (16, 19, 22, 24)
*Michael 'Tone' Hamilton – production (17, 23)
*Kevin Reeves – mastering
*Wayne Watkins – project director
*[[Cheryl Pawelski]] – compilation producer, compiled by
*Dan Stout – sonic restoration
*Tommy Steele – art direction
*Everett Peck – illustrations
*Jeffrey Fey – design
*Pat DiNizio – liner notes
*Dennis Diken – liner notes
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://www.discogs.com/The-Smithereens-Attack-Of-The-Smithereens/release/3086707 ''Attack of The Smithereens'' on Discogs.com]. Retrieved on 30 January 2018.
{{The Smithereens}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:The Smithereens albums]]
[[Category:1995 compilation albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Don Dixon (musician)]]
| 1,290,870,820
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[{"title": "Compilation album by The Smithereens", "data": {"Released": "21 November 1995", "Recorded": "1980\u20131992", "Genre": "Rock", "Length": "79:40", "Label": "Capitol", "Producer": "The Smithereens, Don Dixon, Ed Stasium, Andy Shernoff, Michael Hamilton"}}, {"title": "The Smithereens chronology", "data": {"A Date with The Smithereens \u00b7 (1994)": "Attack of the Smithereens \u00b7 (1995) \u00b7 The Best of The Smithereens \u00b7 (1997)"}}, {"title": "The Smithereens", "data": {"Studio albums": "Especially for You Green Thoughts 11 Blow Up A Date with The Smithereens God Save The Smithereens Meet The Smithereens! Christmas with The Smithereens B-Sides The Beatles The Smithereens Play Tommy 2011 The Smithereens Play The Beatles Washington, D.C. February 11, 1964 Concert The Lost Album", "Extended plays": "Girls About Town Beauty and Sadness", "Live albums": "Live Instant Live: Music Midtown Festival Atlanta, GA 5/1/04 Extended Versions Live in Concert! Greatest Hits and More", "Compilation albums": "Blown to Smithereens: Best of The Smithereens Attack of the Smithereens The Best of The Smithereens From Jersey It Came! The Smithereens Anthology Especially for You - 30th Anniversary Covers", "Singles": "\" Blood and Roses \" \" In a Lonely Place \" \" Behind the Wall of Sleep \" \" Strangers When We Meet \" \" Only a Memory \" \" House We Used to Live In \" \" Drown in My Own Tears \" \" A Girl Like You \" \" Blues Before and After \" \" Yesterday Girl \" \" Blue Period \" \" Top of the Pops \" \" Too Much Passion \" \" Miles from Nowhere \"", "Other songs": "\" Tell Me When Did Things Go So Wrong \""}}]
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# Lovely Mount
Lovely Mount is an extinct unincorporated community in Radford, Virginia. Before 1854, and the arrival of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, Lovely Mount had a population of 30, but grew to more than 100 within 2 years. By 1890 the town had grown to more than 3000 and was eventually absorbed into the town of Radford in 1891.
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Lovely Mount
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovely_Mount
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2025-06-19T15:45:14Z
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en
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Q17109601
| 14,982
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'''Lovely Mount''' is an extinct [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in [[Radford, Virginia|Radford]], [[Virginia]].<ref name="HMDB">{{cite web|title=Lovely Mount Tavern|website=HMdb.org The Historical Marker Database|url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=108119}}</ref> Before 1854, and the arrival of the [[Virginia and Tennessee Railroad]], Lovely Mount had a population of 30, but grew to more than 100 within 2 years. By 1890 the town had grown to more than 3000 and was eventually absorbed into the town of [[Radford, Virginia|Radford]] in 1891.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitradford.com/162/The-History-of-Radford|title=The History of Radford|author=Radford Visitor's Center Staff}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{coord|37|7.101|N|80|33.193|W|type:city_region:US-VA_source:HMdb|display=title}}
[[Category:Former municipalities in Virginia]]
[[Category:1854 establishments in Virginia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1854]]
[[Category:1891 disestablishments in Virginia]]
[[Category:Populated places disestablished in 1891]]
| 1,296,369,557
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[]
| false
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# Jesse A. Shipp
Jesse Allison Shipp, Sr. (March 24, 1864, in Cincinnati, Ohio – May 1, 1934, in Jamaica, Queens, New York) was an American actor, playwright, and theatrical director, who is best remembered as a pioneer African-American writer of musical theater in the United States, and as the author of the book upon which the landmark play In Dahomey was based. Shipp played an influential role in expanding black theater beyond its minstrel show origins and is recalled as perhaps the first African-American director of a Broadway performance.
## Biography
### Early years
Born in 1864 in Cincinnati, his father Thomas Shipp was born about 1821 in the slave state of South Carolina. His mother Ellen Shipp was of biracial heritage, and was born around 1830 in the slave state of Kentucky. Sometime prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War both had managed to leave the Southern United States to live in freedom in Ohio.
Shipp attended public school in Cincinnati, graduating from high school at the age of 16. Upon graduation he immediately entered the work force, working as a retail clerk and driving a laundry wagon. In his free time Shipp got together with three of his peers and formed a musical quartet, which sang evenings in the German section of Cincinnati.
### Career
Shipp joined a minstrel show based in Indianapolis, Indiana, but left after three weeks. In 1887 he took his own quartet on the road, and they remained together for the next seven years, achieving success playing in conjunction with a variety of traveling minstrel companies.
Following the disbanding of his quartet in 1894, Shipp became an actor in the traveling black theater of the day, including roles in such popular performance as Uncle Tom's Cabin from 1894 to 1895, John William Isham's Oriental America in 1896 and 1897, and A Trip to Coon-Town from 1897 to 1899.
Shipp was hired by the vaudeville team of Bert Williams and George Walker in 1900 as a stage manager, writer, and performer for their troupe's productions. A series of plays were written in subsequent years for Williams and Walker including books from which the seminal plays In Dahomey and Abyssinia, works noted for better plot development and character development than had been typical of black theatre in the era. Unfortunately for historians of American black theatre, some of Shipp's original treatments have not been preserved, with the book for In Dahomey surviving only in fragments.
Around 1908 Shipp went to work for Robert T. Motts and his Pekin Stock Company of Chicago. Shipp was hired as the resident playwright for the non-touring company. Shipp authored a number of critically acclaimed plays during this interval, but the demands of his employer for a constant stream of fresh fare forced Shipp to increasingly make use of traditional vaudeville forms. Motts would die in July 1911.
By 1910 the Pekin Stock Company was in decline, wracked by competition from other theatres in Chicago, which had begun to supplement their dramatic performances with the showing of movies. Jesse Shipp took over the operation, renaming it the Jesse Shipp Stock Company, employing Sam Corker as permanent stage manager, and making use of many of the remaining Pekin players. A number of plays were staged by the company in the Pekin Theatre, including several written by Shipp. The Jesse Shipp Stock Company was itself disbanded in 1911, however. In 1913, Shipp produced and directed a performance of Gilbert and Sullivan's Mikado for the Howard Theatre in Washington, D.C. The production featured the well-known contralto, Daisy Tapley singing Katisha and Dr. Charles Sumner Wormley playing the title character.
In 1921 Shipp established the second key African-American dramatic club in New York City's Harlem district, the Dressing Room Club. Located at the Harlem Community House on 7th Avenue, the Dressing Room Club declared as its official goals the impressing of the world with "the dignity and economic value of the Negro element of the profession" and preservation of the history of the Negro in theatricals. Over 250 members of New York's black theatre leaders were members of this organization headed by Shipp, including writers, performers, composers, and musicians.
Ship was intimately involved with the Harlem Productions Company in 1925 and 1926 — a group first organized to produce the musical farce Lucky Sambo. Debuting June 6, 1925, nine performances were staged on Broadway at the Colonial Theatre, with Shipp playing the key supervisory role of stage manager.
### Death and legacy
Jesse A. Shipp, Sr. died on May 1, 1934, in Jamaica Hospital in Jamaica, Queens, New York. He had lived with his wife in Richmond Hill, Queens, New York; he was buried at St. Michael's Cemetery in Astoria, Queens, New York.
Shipp has been lauded as a pioneer in moving black theatre beyond its minstrel origins towards a more fully developed artistic form and is remembered as one of the first, if not the first, African-American director of a Broadway performance.
Shipp's son, Jesse A. Shipp, Jr. (1886-1922), followed his father's footsteps into the world of show business as the founder of the Shipp Association, a dramatic booking agency based in Harlem in New York City.
## Footnotes
1. 1 2 3 4 National Cyclopedia of American Biography: Volume 14. New York: James T. White and Co., 1910; pg. 244.
2. 1 2 3 "Ellen Shipp," Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, University of Kentucky, www.uky.edu/
3. ↑ Jim Beckerman, "Piecing Together a Lost Art," Bergen County Record, July 11, 1999. (Subscription required.)
4. 1 2 3 4 Bernard L. Peterson, Jr., "Dressing Room Club," in The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960: A Comprehensive Guide to Early Black Theatre Organizations, Companies, Theatres, and Performing Groups. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997; pg. 164.
5. 1 2 3 4 Peterson, "Jesse Shipp Stock Company," in The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960, pg. 181.
6. 1 2 3 Peterson, "Dressing Room Club," in The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960, pg. 59.
7. 1 2 Peterson, "Harlem Productions Company," in The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960, pg. 90.
8. ↑ "Jesse Shipp Dies; Actor Noted as Negro Dramatist", Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 3, 1934, 17
9. ↑ Peterson, "Williams and Walker Company," The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960, pg. 203.
## Selected plays
- Policy Players (1899)
- The Sons of Ham (1900)
- In Dahomey (1902)
- Abyssinia (1905)
- In Bandana Land (1907)
- No Place Like Home (1910)
- A Night in New York's Chinatown (1910)
- Dr. Herb's Prescription, or, It Happened in a Dream (1911)
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Jesse A. Shipp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_A._Shipp
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Q6186084
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{{Short description|American writer (1864–1934)}}
{{distinguish|Jesse Shipp (baseball)}}
[[File:Shipp-Jesse-A-1910.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Jesse A. Shipp, Sr., American playwright.]]
'''Jesse Allison Shipp, Sr.''' (March 24, 1864, in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]] – May 1, 1934, in [[Jamaica, Queens, New York]])<ref name="NCAB">[https://archive.org/details/nationalcyclopae14newy ''National Cyclopedia of American Biography: Volume 14.''] New York: James T. White and Co., 1910; pg. 244.</ref> was an American actor, [[playwright]], and [[theatrical director]], who is best remembered as a pioneer [[African-American]] writer of [[musical theatre|musical theater]] in the United States, and as the author of the book upon which the landmark play ''[[In Dahomey]]'' was based. Shipp played an influential role in expanding black theater beyond its [[minstrel show]] origins and is recalled as perhaps the first African-American director of a Broadway performance.
==Biography==
===Early years===
Born in 1864 in Cincinnati, his father Thomas Shipp was born about 1821 in the [[slavery in the United States|slave]] state of [[South Carolina]]. His mother Ellen Shipp was of biracial heritage, and was born around 1830 in the slave state of [[Kentucky]].<ref name=UK>[http://www.uky.edu/Libraries/NKAA/record.php?note_id=2224 "Ellen Shipp,"] Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, University of Kentucky, www.uky.edu/</ref> Sometime prior to the outbreak of the [[American Civil War]] both had managed to leave the [[Southern United States]] to live in freedom in Ohio.<ref name=UK />
Shipp attended [[state school|public school]] in Cincinnati, graduating from high school at the age of 16. Upon graduation he immediately entered the work force, working as a [[retail clerk]] and driving a laundry wagon. In his free time Shipp got together with three of his peers and formed a [[quartet|musical quartet]], which sang evenings in the German section of Cincinnati.
===Career===
Shipp joined a [[minstrel]] show based in [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], but left after three weeks.<ref name=NCAB /> In 1887 he took his own quartet on the road, and they remained together for the next seven years, achieving success playing in conjunction with a variety of traveling minstrel companies.
Following the disbanding of his quartet in 1894, Shipp became an actor in the traveling black theater of the day, including roles in such popular performance as ''Uncle Tom's Cabin'' from 1894 to 1895, [[John William Isham]]'s ''Oriental America'' in 1896 and 1897, and ''A Trip to Coon-Town'' from 1897 to 1899.
Shipp was hired by the [[vaudeville]] team of [[Bert Williams]] and [[George Walker (vaudeville)|George Walker]] in 1900 as a stage manager, writer, and performer for their troupe's productions.<ref name=NCAB /> A series of plays were written in subsequent years for Williams and Walker including books from which the seminal plays ''[[In Dahomey]]'' and ''[[Abyssinia (1906 musical)|Abyssinia]]'', works noted for better plot development and character development than had been typical of black theatre in the era.<ref name=NCAB /> Unfortunately for historians of American black theatre, some of Shipp's original treatments have not been preserved, with the book for ''In Dahomey'' surviving only in fragments.<ref>Jim Beckerman, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160314211200/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22253835.html "Piecing Together a Lost Art,"] ''Bergen County Record,'' July 11, 1999. (Subscription required.)</ref>
Around 1908 Shipp went to work for [[Robert T. Motts]] and his Pekin Stock Company of [[Chicago]].<ref name=AATD164>Bernard L. Peterson, Jr., "Dressing Room Club," in ''The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960: A Comprehensive Guide to Early Black Theatre Organizations, Companies, Theatres, and Performing Groups.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997; pg. 164.</ref> Shipp was hired as the resident playwright for the non-touring company.<ref name=AATD164 /> Shipp authored a number of critically acclaimed plays during this interval, but the demands of his employer for a constant stream of fresh fare forced Shipp to increasingly make use of traditional vaudeville forms.<ref name=AATD164 /> Motts would die in July 1911.<ref name=AATD164 />
By 1910 the Pekin Stock Company was in decline, wracked by competition from other theatres in Chicago, which had begun to supplement their dramatic performances with the showing of movies.<ref name=AATD181>Peterson, "Jesse Shipp Stock Company," in ''The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960,'' pg. 181.</ref> Jesse Shipp took over the operation, renaming it the Jesse Shipp Stock Company, employing Sam Corker as permanent stage manager, and making use of many of the remaining Pekin players.<ref name=AATD181 /> A number of plays were staged by the company in the [[Pekin Theatre]], including several written by Shipp.<ref name=AATD181 /> The Jesse Shipp Stock Company was itself disbanded in 1911, however.<ref name=AATD181 /> In 1913, Shipp produced and directed a performance of Gilbert and Sullivan's ''Mikado'' for the Howard Theatre in Washington, D.C. The production featured the well-known contralto, [[Daisy Tapley]] singing Katisha and Dr. Charles Sumner Wormley playing the title character.
In 1921 Shipp established the second key African-American dramatic club in New York City's [[Harlem]] district, the Dressing Room Club.<ref name=AATD59>Peterson, "Dressing Room Club," in ''The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960,'' pg. 59.</ref> Located at the Harlem Community House on 7th Avenue, the Dressing Room Club declared as its official goals the impressing of the world with "the dignity and economic value of the Negro element of the profession" and preservation of the history of the Negro in theatricals.<ref name=AATD59 /> Over 250 members of New York's black theatre leaders were members of this organization headed by Shipp, including writers, performers, composers, and musicians.<ref name=AATD59 />
Ship was intimately involved with the Harlem Productions Company in 1925 and 1926 — a group first organized to produce the musical farce ''[[Lucky Sambo]].''<ref name=AATD90>Peterson, "Harlem Productions Company," in ''The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960,'' pg. 90.</ref> Debuting June 6, 1925, nine performances were staged on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] at the [[Colonial Theatre (Broadway)|Colonial Theatre]], with Shipp playing the key supervisory role of stage manager.<ref name=AATD90 />
===Death and legacy===
Jesse A. Shipp, Sr. died on May 1, 1934, in [[Jamaica Hospital]] in [[Jamaica, Queens]], [[New York City|New York]]. He had lived with his wife in [[Richmond Hill, Queens]], [[New York City|New York]]; he was buried at [[St. Michael's Cemetery (New York)|St. Michael's Cemetery]] in [[Astoria, Queens, New York]].<ref> "Jesse Shipp Dies; Actor Noted as Negro Dramatist", Brooklyn ''Daily Eagle,'' May 3, 1934, 17</ref>
Shipp has been lauded as a pioneer in moving black theatre beyond its [[minstrel]] origins towards a more fully developed artistic form and is remembered as one of the first, if not the first, African-American director of a Broadway performance.<ref>Peterson, "Williams and Walker Company," ''The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960,'' pg. 203.</ref>
Shipp's son, Jesse A. Shipp, Jr. (1886-1922), followed his father's footsteps into the world of show business as the founder of the Shipp Association, a dramatic booking agency based in [[Harlem]] in [[New York City]].<ref name=UK />
==Footnotes==
{{reflist|2}}
==Selected plays==
* ''Policy Players'' (1899)
* ''The Sons of Ham'' (1900)
* ''[[In Dahomey]]'' (1902)
* ''[[Abyssinia (1906 musical)|Abyssinia]]'' (1905)
* ''In Bandana Land'' (1907)
* ''No Place Like Home'' (1910)
* ''A Night in New York's Chinatown'' (1910)
* ''Dr. Herb's Prescription, or, It Happened in a Dream'' (1911)
==Further reading==
* Lynn Abbott and Doug Seroff, ''Out of Sight: The Rise of African American Popular Music, 1889-1895.'' Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi Press, 2002.
* James Haskins, ''Black Theatre in America.'' New York: Harper Collins, 1982.
* James V. Hatch and Ted Shine (eds.), ''Black Theatre USA: Plays By African Americans.'' In Two Volumes. New York: Free Press, 1996.
* Bernard L. Peterson, Jr., ''The African American Theatre Directory, 1816-1960: A Comprehensive Guide to Early Black Theatre Organizations, Companies, Theatres, and Performing Groups.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997.
* Bernard L. Peterson, Jr., ''A Century of Musicals in Black and White: An Encyclopedia of Musical Stage Works By, About, or Involving African Americans.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993.
* Olivia Schultz, [http://dc.cod.edu/essai/vol7/iss1/41/ "Black Musicals in the Golden Age of American Theatre,"] ''Essai,'' volume 7, article 41 (April 1, 2010).
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shipp, Jesse A. Sr.}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1934 deaths]]
[[Category:American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:American musical theatre composers]]
[[Category:American male musical theatre composers]]
| 1,290,744,680
|
[]
| false
|
# Duty's Reward
Duty's Reward is a 1927 American silent drama film directed by Bertram Bracken and starring Alan Roscoe, Eva Novak and Lou Archer.
## Cast
- Alan Roscoe as Richard Webster
- Eva Novak as Dorothy Thompson
- Lou Archer as 'Peek' Harvey
- Eddie Brownell as Spencer Haynes
- George Fawcett as James Thompson
## Bibliography
- Robert B. Connelly. The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36, Volume 40, Issue 2. December Press, 1998.
|
enwiki/66102228
|
enwiki
| 66,102,228
|
Duty's Reward
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty%27s_Reward
|
2025-05-01T03:55:49Z
|
en
|
Q104880794
| 21,472
|
{{short description|1927 silent film}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Duty's Reward
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Bertram Bracken]]
| producer = [[William T. Lackey]]
| writer = [[Barry Barringer]]
| based_on =
| narrator =
| starring =[[Alan Roscoe]] <br> [[Eva Novak]] <br> [[Lou Archer]]
| music =
| cinematography =[[Robert E. Cline]] <br> [[Hap Depew]]
| editing =
| studio = [[W.T. Lackey Productions]]
| distributor =Ellbee Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1927|06|10}}
| runtime = 60 minutes
| country = United States
| language = Silent <br> English intertitles
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Duty's Reward''''' is a 1927 American [[silent film|silent]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Bertram Bracken]] and starring [[Alan Roscoe]], [[Eva Novak]] and [[Lou Archer]].<ref>Connelly p.343</ref>
==Cast==
* [[Alan Roscoe]] as Richard Webster
* [[Eva Novak]] as Dorothy Thompson
* [[Lou Archer]] as 'Peek' Harvey
* [[Eddie Brownell]] as Spencer Haynes
* [[George Fawcett]] as James Thompson
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* Robert B. Connelly. ''The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36, Volume 40, Issue 2''. December Press, 1998.
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0017838}}
[[Category:1927 films]]
[[Category:1927 drama films]]
[[Category:1920s English-language films]]
[[Category:American silent feature films]]
[[Category:Silent American drama films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bertram Bracken]]
[[Category:1920s American films]]
[[Category:English-language drama films]]
{{1920s-US-film-stub}}
| 1,288,202,629
|
[{"title": "Duty's Reward", "data": {"Directed by": "Bertram Bracken", "Written by": "Barry Barringer", "Produced by": "William T. Lackey", "Starring": "Alan Roscoe \u00b7 Eva Novak \u00b7 Lou Archer", "Cinematography": "Robert E. Cline \u00b7 Hap Depew", "Production \u00b7 company": "W.T. Lackey Productions", "Distributed by": "Ellbee Pictures", "Release date": "- June 10, 1927", "Running time": "60 minutes", "Country": "United States", "Languages": "Silent \u00b7 English intertitles"}}]
| false
|
# Zarubino, Primorsky Krai
Zarubino (Russian: Зару́бино) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Khasansky District of Primorsky Krai, Russia and a port on the Posyet Bay. Population: 3,101 (2010 Census); 3,522 (2002 Census); 5,306 (1989 Soviet census).
## History
It was established on October 18, 1928.
## Transportation
The Port of Zarubino serves the settlement. In September 2014 a joint Chinese-Russian plan was announce to expand its capacity to 60 million tonnes per year which would make it one of the largest ports in north Asia. There is a ferry across the gulf to Sokcho.
A railway line from the port connects to railway lines running north to Vladivostok, west to Jilin Province in China and south to Rajin in North Korea via Khasan, respectively.
|
enwiki/7342150
|
enwiki
| 7,342,150
|
Zarubino, Primorsky Krai
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarubino,_Primorsky_Krai
|
2024-10-27T07:04:20Z
|
en
|
Q1078728
| 84,059
|
{{Other places|Zarubino}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Zarubino
|ru_name=Зарубино
|image_skyline=ООО "Морской порт в бухте Троицы".jpg
|image_caption=
|coordinates = {{coord|42|38|N|131|04|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=[[Primorsky Krai]]
|federal_subject_ref=
|adm_district_jur=[[Khasansky District]]
|adm_district_jur_ref=
|adm_ctr_of=
|adm_ctr_of_ref=
|inhabloc_cat=Urban-type settlement
|inhabloc_cat_ref=
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_district_jur=
|mun_district_jur_ref=
|urban_settlement_jur=
|urban_settlement_jur_ref=
|mun_admctr_of=
|mun_admctr_of_ref=
|leader_title=
|leader_title_ref=
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|representative_body=
|representative_body_ref=
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=
|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=3101
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=October 18, 1928
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=1940
|current_cat_date_ref=
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=692725, 692726
|postal_codes_ref=
|dialing_codes=42331
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=
}}
'''Zarubino''' ({{langx|ru|Зару́бино}}) is an [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|urban locality]] (an [[urban-type settlement]]) in [[Khasansky District]] of [[Primorsky Krai]], [[Russia]] and a port on the [[Posyet Bay]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=3,101|p2002=3,522|p1989=5,306}}
==History==
It was established on October 18, 1928.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}
==Transportation==
The [[Port of Zarubino]] serves the settlement. In September 2014 a joint Chinese-Russian plan was announce to expand its capacity to 60 million tonnes per year which would make it one of the largest ports in north Asia. There is a ferry across the gulf to [[Sokcho]].
A railway line from the port connects to railway lines running north to Vladivostok, west to Jilin Province in China and south to Rajin in North Korea via [[Khasan (urban-type settlement)|Khasan]], respectively.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Primorsky Krai}}
{{Khasansky District}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2011}}
[[Category:Urban-type settlements in Primorsky Krai]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1928]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Russia]]
| 1,253,667,898
|
[{"title": "Zarubino \u0417\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043e", "data": {"Country": "Russia", "Federal subject": "Primorsky Krai", "Administrative district": "Khasansky District", "Founded": "October 18, 1928", "Urban-type settlement status since": "1940"}}, {"title": "Population (2010 Census)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "3,101", "Time zone": "UTC+10 (MSK+7 )", "Postal code(s)": "692725, 692726", "Dialing code(s)": "+7 42331", "OKTMO ID": "05648153051"}}]
| false
|
# Macé
Macé (French pronunciation: [mase]) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
## Geography
The commune of is made up of the following villages and hamlets, La Guitonnerie, Cité de Surdon, Ferme de Chardronnet, La Chointerie, Les Riaux, La Métairie, Mermonde, La Ferronnerie, Macé, La Pelletière and L'Abbé.
Macé along with another 65 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
The Orne is the only watercourse that runs through the commune.
## Population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| ------------- | ---- | ------- |
| 1968 | 632 | — |
| 1975 | 588 | −1.03% |
| 1982 | 491 | −2.54% |
| 1990 | 464 | −0.70% |
| 1999 | 476 | +0.28% |
| 2007 | 494 | +0.47% |
| 2012 | 473 | −0.87% |
| 2017 | 409 | −2.87% |
| Source: INSEE | | |
## points of interest
- Coteau de la Butte-des-Rocs is a 400m2 site in the commune that is a protected area, as it contains the only known instance of the white pea lathyrus pannonicus, a type of Leguminosae, in Orne.[7]
## Notable People
- Ernest Granger (1844 -1914) a French politician died and was buried here.[8]
|
enwiki/14681835
|
enwiki
| 14,681,835
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Macé
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%C3%A9
|
2025-04-14T02:15:31Z
|
en
|
Q1347237
| 120,871
|
{{For|people with the surname Macé|Macé (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Macé
|commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|arrondissement = Alençon
|canton = Sées
|INSEE = 61240
|postal code = 61500
|mayor = Jean-Pierre Fontaine<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr|access-date=20 April 2021|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718070945/https://static.data.gouv.fr/resources/repertoire-national-des-elus-1/20210422-103627/rne-maires.csv|url-status=live}}</ref>
|term = 2020–2026
|intercommunality = [[Communauté de communes des Sources de l'Orne|Sources de l'Orne]]
|coordinates = {{coord|48.6369|0.1417|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m = 178
|elevation min m = 161
|elevation max m = 219
|area km2 = 14.53
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
'''Macé''' ({{IPA|fr|mase}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Orne]] [[Departments of France|department]] in north-western [[France]].
==Geography==
The commune of is made up of the following villages and hamlets, '''La Guitonnerie''', '''Cité de Surdon''', '''Ferme de Chardronnet''', '''La Chointerie''', '''Les Riaux''', '''La Métairie''', '''Mermonde''', '''La Ferronnerie''', '''Macé''', '''La Pelletière''' and '''L'Abbé'''.<ref name="gmap">{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mac%C3%A9,+France/@48.6479457,0.1165586,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x47e2037ab6fc69e1:0x40c14484fb815e0!8m2!3d48.637967!4d0.137427!16s/m/03gsz29?entry=ttu|title=Macé · France|website=Macé · France|access-date=28 August 2024|archive-date=27 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927215950/https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mac%C3%A9,+France/@48.6479457,0.1165586,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x47e2037ab6fc69e1:0x40c14484fb815e0!8m2!3d48.637967!4d0.137427!16s/m/03gsz29?entry=ttu|url-status=live}}</ref>
Macé along with another 65 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, [[Natura 2000]] conservation area, called the [[Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents]].<ref name="inpn">{{Cite web|url=https://inpn.mnhn.fr/site/natura2000/FR2500099|title=INPN - FSD Natura 2000 - FR2500099 - Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents - Description|access-date=28 August 2024|archive-date=9 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509090032/https://inpn.mnhn.fr/site/natura2000/FR2500099|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Orne (river)|The Orne]] is the only watercourse that runs through the commune.<ref>{{Sandre|I2--0200|L'Orne}}</ref>
{{Geographic location
| title = '''Neighbouring communes'''<ref name="gmap"/>
|width=auto
|state=expanded
|Centre = Macé
|North = [[Le Château-d'Almenêches]]
|Northeast = [[Chailloué]]
|East =
|Southeast = [[Sées]]
|South = [[Belfonds]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Mortrée]]
|Northwest =
}}
==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-61240#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801084607/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-61240#ancre-POP_T1 |date=1 August 2022 }}, INSEE</ref>
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|1968 |632
|1975 |588
|1982 |491
|1990 |464
|1999 |476
|2007 |494
|2012 |473
|2017 |409
}}
==points of interest==
*'''Coteau de la Butte-des-Rocs''' is a 400m2 site in the commune that is a protected area, as it contains the only known instance of the white pea lathyrus pannonicus, a type of [[Leguminosae]], in Orne.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.affo-nature.org/autres-sites-naturels/|title=Autres sites naturels|access-date=28 August 2024|archive-date=13 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413191252/https://www.affo-nature.org/autres-sites-naturels/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Notable People==
*[[Ernest Granger]] (1844 -1914) a French politician died and was buried here.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article24759|title=GRANGER Ernest, Henri|date=12 March 2020|publisher=Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier|via=Le Maitron|access-date=28 August 2024|archive-date=28 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828173101/https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article24759|url-status=live}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Communes of the Orne department]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120614023123/http://www.lion1906.com/departements/orne/mace.php Localisation de Macé sur une carte de France et communes limitrophes]
{{Orne communes}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mace}}
[[Category:Communes of Orne]]
{{Alençon-geo-stub}}
| 1,285,500,343
|
[{"title": "Mac\u00e9", "data": {"Country": "France", "Region": "Normandy", "Department": "Orne", "Arrondissement": "Alen\u00e7on", "Canton": "S\u00e9es", "Intercommunality": "Sources de l'Orne"}}, {"title": "Government", "data": {"\u2022 Mayor (2020\u20132026)": "Jean-Pierre Fontaine", "Area1": "14.53 km2 (5.61 sq mi)", "Population (2022)": "443", "\u2022 Density": "30/km2 (79/sq mi)", "Time zone": "UTC+01:00 (CET)", "\u2022 Summer (DST)": "UTC+02:00 (CEST)", "INSEE/Postal code": "61240 /61500", "Elevation": "161\u2013219 m (528\u2013719 ft) \u00b7 (avg. 178 m or 584 ft)"}}]
| false
|
# Señorita Panamá 2005
Señorita Panamá 2005 the 23rd Annual Señorita Panamá pageant and 40th celebration of the Miss Panama contest, was held in the Centro de Convenciones Vasco Núñez, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama on Saturday 24, September 2005.
About 15 contestants from all over Panamá competed for the prestigious crown. Señorita Panamá 2004, Rosa María Hernández of Los Santos crowned to María Alessandra Mezquita of Panama Centro as the new Señorita Panamá.
This year there was a new change, a day before on Friday 23, was celebrated the final competition entitled "Señorita Panamá Mundo" was announced the winner of the Señorita Panamá Mundo title. Melissa Piedrahita Señorita Panamá World 2003 crowned Anna Isabella Vaprio as her successor at the end of the event.
Fifteen contestants competed for the national title.
Mezquita competed in the Miss Universe 2006, the 55th edition of the Miss Universe pageant, was held at the Shrine Auditorium in, Los Angeles, United States on July 23, 2006.
Vaprio competed in the Miss World 2005,the 55th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 10 December 2005 at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, China.
## Results
### Placements
| Placement | Contestant |
| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| Señorita Panamá 2005 | - Panamá Centro – María Alessandra Mezquita |
| Señorita Panamá World 2005 | - Panamá Centro – Anna Vaprio |
| 1st Runner-Up | - Panamá Centro – Isy Rengifo |
| 2nd Runner-Up | - Panamá Centro – Debbie González |
| 3rd Runner-Up | - Darién – Sorangel Matos |
### Special awards
| Final Results | Designer | Topic | Contestant |
| -------------------------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- | --------------- |
| Best National Costume to Miss Universe | Jorge Crespo | "Canal de Panamá" | Isy Rengifo |
| 1st runner-up | Hidalgo Candanedo | | Alejandra Perea |
| 2nd runner-up | Clinio García | | Sasha Carlton |
| Award | Contestant |
| ----------------- | ---------------- |
| Miss Congeniality | Gladys Espinosa |
| Chica L’Oreal | Gladys Espinosa |
| Miss Photogenic | Sasha Carlton |
| Chica Cover Girl | Sasha Carlton |
| Best Face | Anna Vaprio |
| Best Hair | Anna Vaprio |
| Best Skin | Delia Montenegro |
| Miss Internet | Nadya Henrick |
| Best Body | Debbie González |
### Judges
- César Evora – actor
- Rodolfo Friedmann - singer
- Charlie Cuevas
- Rogelio González
- Lucy Romero
- Mónica Naranjo
- Carlos Magallón
## Contestants
These are the competitors who have been selected this year.
| Represent | Contestant | Age | Height (m) | Hometown |
| ------------ | ------------------------------ | --- | ---------- | ---------------------- |
| Panama | Anna Isabella Vaprio Medaglia | 21 | 1.78 | Panama City |
| Panama | Isy Denery Rengifo Saez | 22 | 1.76 | Panama City |
| Colón | Nadya Lya Hendricks Martínez | 20 | 1.68 | Colón, Panama |
| Panama | María Alessandra Mezquita | 21 | 1.80 | Panama City |
| Panama Oeste | Gladys Graciela Espinoza Solís | 24 | 1.70 | Chorrera |
| Panama | Debbie González Shaw | 23 | 1.65 | Panama City |
| Los Santos | Delia Montenegro | 21 | 1.73 | La Villa de los Santos |
| Panama | Sasha Carlton Arias | 20 | 1.71 | Panama City |
| Panama | Mayra Ibeth Matos Martínez | 19 | 1.76 | Panama City |
| Panama | Alejandra Perea Mejía | 22 | 1.73 | Medellin |
| Panama | Doris Achon | 21 | 1.66 | Panama City |
| Panama | Aliana Yaneth Khan Zambrano | 22 | 1.67 | Panama City |
| Panama | Noemí Cristina Cortés Fajardo | 20 | 1.67 | Panama City |
| Panama Este | Anais Mabel Velásquez Pérez | 24 | 1.78 | Panama City |
| Darién | Sorángel Matos Arce | 20 | 1.74 | Yaviza |
## Historical significance
- Panamá Centro placed in the final round for a consecutive year and won the title.
## Election Schedule
- Tuesday July 20 final presentation to the press in the Hotel Radisson Decapolis.[5]
- Thursday July 22 competition of interview with the juror.
- Friday 23 Final night, coronation Señorita Panamá to Miss World 2005[6] and Best National Competition.
- Saturday 24 Final night, coronation Señorita Panamá 2005.
## Candidates Notes
- Aliana Khan Zambano was Miss Earth Panamá 2001 and participated in the Miss Earth 2001 in University of the Philippines Theater in Quezon City, Philippines on October 28, 2001.
- Sorangel Matos Arce represented Panamá at Miss Universe 2007 in Mexico City.
- Debbie González was queen of the Panamá City Carnival 2004 and participated in Miss Hawaiian Tropic Panamá.
- Nadya Lya Hendricks represented Panamá in Miss Tourism Queen 2007.
|
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enwiki
| 29,444,185
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Señorita Panamá 2005
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%B1orita_Panam%C3%A1_2005
|
2024-08-02T11:22:08Z
|
en
|
Q2839805
| 65,463
|
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| caption = Panama City host of '''Señorita Panamá 2005'''
| photo = Montage Panama City.jpg
| presenters = Carlos Mastellari, [[Marisela Moreno]] & Madelaine Legnadier
| winner = [[María Alessandra Mezquita|María Alessandra Mezquita Lapadula]]
| acts = Alejandro Lagrota, Iván Barrios & Grupo Negros.
| represented = [[Panama City|Panama Centro]]
| venue = Centro de Convenciones Vasco Núñez del Hotel El Panamá , [[Ciudad de Panamá]], [[Panama]]
| date = September 24, 2005
| entrants = 15
| placements = 5
| broadcaster = [[RPC-TV]] [[Panamá]]
| before = [[Señorita Panamá 2004|2004]]
| next = [[Señorita Panamá 2006|2006]]
}}
'''Señorita Panamá 2005''' the 23rd Annual [[Señorita Panamá]] pageant and 40th celebration of the ''Miss Panama'' contest, was held in the Centro de Convenciones Vasco Núñez, [[Ciudad de Panamá]], [[Panama]] on Saturday 24, September 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dealante.com/nodo.php?nodoid=11582|title=CENTRO DE CONVENCIONES VASCO NUÑEZ DE BALBOA: FINAL DE SEÑORITA PANAMA 2005 P-2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425201600/www.dealante.com/nodo.php?nodoid=11582|archive-date=2009-04-25}}</ref>
About 15 contestants from all over Panamá competed for the prestigious crown. [[Señorita Panamá 2004]], '''[[Rosa María Hernández]]''' of [[Los Santos Province|Los Santos]] crowned to '''[[María Alessandra Mezquita]]''' of [[Panama City|Panama Centro]] as the new Señorita Panamá.
This year there was a new change, a day before on Friday 23, was celebrated the final competition entitled "Señorita Panamá Mundo" was announced the winner of the ''Señorita Panamá Mundo'' title. '''Melissa Piedrahita''' [[Señorita Panamá 2003|Señorita Panamá World 2003]] crowned '''Anna Isabella Vaprio''' as her successor at the end of the event.
Fifteen contestants competed for the national title.
Mezquita competed in the [[Miss Universe 2006]], the 55th edition of the [[Miss Universe]] pageant, was held at the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in, [[Los Angeles]], United States on July 23, 2006.<ref>[[Miss Universe 2006]]</ref>
Vaprio competed in the [[Miss World 2005]],the 55th edition of the [[Miss World]] pageant, was held on 10 December 2005 at the [[Crown of Beauty Theatre]] in [[Sanya]], [[China]].
==Results==
===Placements===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Placement
! Contestant
|-
| '''Señorita Panamá 2005'''
|
* '''{{flag|Panama City|name=Panamá Centro}} – [[María Alessandra Mezquita]]'''
|-
|'''Señorita Panamá World 2005'''
|
* '''{{flag|Panama City|name=Panamá Centro}} – Anna Vaprio'''
|-
| 1st Runner-Up
|
* {{flag|Panama City|name=Panamá Centro}} – Isy Rengifo
|-
| 2nd Runner-Up
|
* {{flag|Panama City|name=Panamá Centro}} – Debbie González
|-
| 3rd Runner-Up
|
* {{Flagicon image|Bandera de la Provincia de Darién.svg}} [[Darién Province|Darién]] – [[Sorangel Matos]]
|}
===Special awards===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Final Results
! Designer
! Topic
! Contestant
|-
|'''Best National Costume to Miss Universe'''
| Jorge Crespo
| "Canal de Panamá"
| Isy Rengifo
|-
|'''1st runner-up'''
| Hidalgo Candanedo
|
| Alejandra Perea
|-
|'''2nd runner-up'''
| Clinio García
|
| Sasha Carlton
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="160"| Award||width="140"|Contestant
|-
| Miss Congeniality
| Gladys Espinosa
|-
| Chica L’Oreal
| Gladys Espinosa
|-
| Miss Photogenic
| Sasha Carlton
|-
| Chica Cover Girl
| Sasha Carlton
|-
| Best Face
| Anna Vaprio
|-
| Best Hair
| Anna Vaprio
|-
| Best Skin
| Delia Montenegro
|-
| Miss Internet
| Nadya Henrick
|-
| Best Body
| Debbie González
|}
===Judges===
*César Evora – actor
*Rodolfo Friedmann - singer
*Charlie Cuevas
*Rogelio González
*Lucy Romero
*Mónica Naranjo
*Carlos Magallón
==Contestants==
These are the competitors who have been selected this year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dealante.com/nodo.php?nodoid=11213|title=VOTA POR LA PROXIMA SEÑORITA PANAMA 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709005129/www.dealante.com/nodo.php?nodoid=11213|archive-date=2011-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panamaamerica.com.pa/deportes/grandes-sorpresas-201113|title = ¡Grandes sorpresas|date = 7 September 2005}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Represent !! Contestant !! Age !! Height (m) !! Hometown
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||'''Anna Isabella Vaprio Medaglia'''||21||1.78||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||Isy Denery Rengifo Saez||22||1.76||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Colón Province|Colón]]'''||Nadya Lya Hendricks Martínez||20||1.68||[[Colón, Panama]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||'''[[María Alessandra Mezquita]]'''||21||1.80||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Oeste Province|Panama Oeste]]'''||Gladys Graciela Espinoza Solís||24||1.70||[[Chorrera]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||Debbie González Shaw ||23||1.65||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Los Santos Province|Los Santos]]'''||Delia Montenegro ||21||1.73||[[La Villa de los Santos]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||Sasha Carlton Arias ||20||1.71||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||Mayra Ibeth Matos Martínez||19||1.76||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||Alejandra Perea Mejía ||22||1.73||[[Medellin]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||Doris Achon||21||1.66||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||Aliana Yaneth Khan Zambrano||22||1.67||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama]]'''||Noemí Cristina Cortés Fajardo||20||1.67||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Panamá Province|Panama Este]]'''||Anais Mabel Velásquez Pérez||24||1.78||[[Panama City]]
|-
|'''[[Darién Province|Darién]]'''||[[Sorangel Matos|Sorángel Matos Arce]]||20||1.74||[[Yaviza]]
|}
==Historical significance==
* '''Panamá Centro''' placed in the final round for a consecutive year and won the title.
==Election Schedule==
* Tuesday July 20 final presentation to the press in the Hotel Radisson Decapolis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dealante.com/nodo.php?nodoid=11483|url-status=dead|title=Hotel Radisson Decapolis: Conferencia de Prensa de Señorita Panamá 2005 P-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709005203/www.dealante.com/nodo.php?nodoid=11483|archive-date=2011-07-09}}</ref>
* Thursday July 22 competition of interview with the juror.
* Friday 23 Final night, coronation Señorita Panamá to Miss World 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2005/09/24/uhora/varie_200592411596.shtml |title=Señorita Panamá 2005 eligió a su representante para Miss Mundo - prensa.com |accessdate=2010-11-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003033545/http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2005/09/24/uhora/varie_200592411596.shtml |archivedate=2012-10-03 }}</ref> and Best National Competition.
* Saturday 24 Final night, coronation Señorita Panamá 2005.
==Candidates Notes==
*'''Aliana Khan Zambano''' was ''Miss Earth Panamá 2001'' and participated in the [[Miss Earth 2001]] in University of the Philippines Theater in Quezon City, Philippines on October 28, 2001.
*'''Sorangel Matos Arce''' represented Panamá at [[Miss Universe 2007]] in Mexico City.
*'''Debbie González''' was queen of the '''Panamá City Carnival 2004''' and participated in Miss Hawaiian Tropic Panamá.
*'''Nadya Lya Hendricks''' represented Panamá in ''Miss Tourism Queen 2007''.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.telemetro.com/senoritapanama/2010/ Señorita Panamá official website]
* [http://www.misspanama.net/ Miss Panamá]
{{Señorita Panamá}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Senorita Panama 2005}}
[[Category:Señorita Panamá]]
[[Category:2005 beauty pageants]]
| 1,238,152,484
|
[{"title": "Se\u00f1orita Panam\u00e1 2005", "data": {"Date": "September 24, 2005", "Presenters": "Carlos Mastellari, Marisela Moreno & Madelaine Legnadier", "Entertainment": "Alejandro Lagrota, Iv\u00e1n Barrios & Grupo Negros.", "Venue": "Centro de Convenciones Vasco N\u00fa\u00f1ez del Hotel El Panam\u00e1 , Ciudad de Panam\u00e1, Panama", "Broadcaster": "RPC-TV Panam\u00e1", "Entrants": "15", "Placements": "5", "Winner": "Mar\u00eda Alessandra Mezquita Lapadula \u00b7 Panama Centro"}}]
| false
|
# Gitte Seeberg
Gitte Seeberg (born 25 June 1960 in Copenhagen) is a Danish politician, lawyer, and current secretary general of the Danish branch of the WWF. She was a member of the Danish Folketinget parliament for the Conservative People's Party and New Alliance, and has previously been a Member of the European Parliament.
## Biography
Seeberg earned a Degree in law from Copenhagen University in 1986. She then worked as a commercial property agent and ran an independent legal practice.
In 1994, Seeberg was elected to represent the Conservative People's Party in the Danish Folketinget parliament. The trio of her, Lene Espersen, Henriette Kjær were seen as a breath of fresh air to the Conservatives, while political rivals nicknamed them "April, May, and June", after Daisy Duck's nieces in Disney comics. She held a number of speaker positions for the Conservatives, among them financial, foreign, and EU policy, and was vice-chairman of the parliamentary party group from 2001 to 2004.
In the 2004 European Parliament election, Seeberg was elected to represent the Conservative People's Party in the European Parliament. She was a Member of the Bureau of the European People's Party.
She left the Conservative People's Party on 7 May 2007, to be a co-founder of the party New Alliance, alongside Naser Khader and Anders Samuelsen. She returned to the Folketinget following the 2007 Danish parliamentary election in November 2007, as she helped New Alliance gain five parliamentary seats. On 29 January 2008 she left the party in protest against the party's status as a right-wing party, which conflicted with her own original desire to form a centrist party rejecting the influence of the Danish People's Party.
In July 2008, she announced that she would leave parliament as of September 2008 to become secretary general of the WWF.
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{{Short description|Danish politician}}
'''Gitte Seeberg''' (born 25 June 1960 in [[Copenhagen]]) is a [[Denmark|Danish]] [[politician]], [[lawyer]], and current secretary general of the Danish branch of the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]]. She was a member of the Danish [[Folketinget]] parliament for the [[Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservative People's Party]] and [[New Alliance (Denmark)|New Alliance]], and has previously been a [[Member of the European Parliament]].
==Biography==
Seeberg earned a [[Academic degree|Degree]] in [[law]] from [[Copenhagen University]] in 1986. She then worked as a commercial property agent and ran an independent legal practice.<ref name=ft>{{ft.dk link}}</ref>
In 1994, Seeberg was elected to represent the [[Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservative People's Party]] in the Danish [[Folketinget]] parliament. The trio of her, [[Lene Espersen]], [[Henriette Kjær]] were seen as a breath of fresh air to the Conservatives, while political rivals nicknamed them "[[Duck family (Disney)#April, May, and June|April, May, and June]]", after [[Daisy Duck]]'s nieces in [[Disney comics]].<ref name="kd1">{{cite web |url=http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/371511:Mennesker--Gitte-Seeberg---sceneskift-fra-en-socialkonservativ |title=Gitte Seeberg - sceneskift fra en socialkonservativ | Kristeligt Dagblad |access-date=2013-11-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105184706/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/371511:Mennesker--Gitte-Seeberg---sceneskift-fra-en-socialkonservativ |archive-date=2013-11-05 }}</ref> She held a number of speaker positions for the Conservatives, among them financial, foreign, and EU policy, and was vice-chairman of the parliamentary party group from 2001 to 2004.<ref name=ft/><ref name=gyldendal>{{cite web |url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_historie/Danmark_efter_1945/Gitte_Seeberg |title = Gitte Seeberg {{!}} lex.dk – Den Store Danske}}</ref>
In the [[2004 European Parliament election in Denmark|2004 European Parliament election]], Seeberg was elected to represent the Conservative People's Party in the European Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eu-oplysningen.dk/spsv/off/alle/epvalg2004/resultat/mep/ |title = Forside / Folketingets EU-Oplysning}}</ref> She was a Member of the Bureau of the [[European People's Party]].
She left the Conservative People's Party on 7 May 2007, to be a co-founder of the party [[New Alliance (Denmark)|New Alliance]], alongside [[Naser Khader]] and [[Anders Samuelsen]]. She returned to the Folketinget following the [[2007 Danish parliamentary election]] in November 2007, as she helped New Alliance gain five parliamentary seats.<ref name=gyldendal/> On 29 January 2008 she left the party in protest against the party's status as a right-wing party, which conflicted with her own original desire to form a centrist party rejecting the influence of the [[Danish People's Party]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://politiken.dk/politik/article464717.ece|title=Gitte Seeberg forlader Ny Alliance|language=da|publisher=[[Politiken]]|date=2008-01-29|access-date=2008-01-29|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201090842/http://politiken.dk/politik/article464717.ece|archive-date=2008-02-01}}</ref>
In July 2008, she announced that she would leave parliament as of September 2008 to become secretary general of the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[Politiken]]|language=da|date=2008-07-08|access-date=2008-07-08|url=http://politiken.dk/politik/article536199.ece|title=Gitte Seeberg forlader Folketinget|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708174424/http://politiken.dk/politik/article536199.ece|archive-date=2008-07-08}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{MEP}}
* {{Declaration of financial interests of the 6th term|28158_22-11-2005.PDF|da}}
{{Navbox with collapsible groups
|name =
|state = collapsed
|title = Members of the [[Folketing]]
|list1 = {{Folketing members 2007–2011}}
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Seeberg, Gitte}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Copenhagen]]
[[Category:Conservative People's Party (Denmark) MEPs]]
[[Category:Liberal Alliance (Denmark) MEPs]]
[[Category:MEPs for Denmark 2004–2009]]
[[Category:21st-century women MEPs for Denmark]]
[[Category:Members of the Folketing]]
[[Category:University of Copenhagen alumni]]
[[Category:Women members of the Folketing]]
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# Agaricaceae
The Agaricaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi and include the genus Agaricus, as well as basidiomycetes previously classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Lepiotaceae, and Lycoperdaceae.
## Taxonomy
The family Agaricaceae was published by French botanist François Fulgis Chevallier in 1826. It is named after the type genus Agaricus, originally circumscribed by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. In his authoritative 1986 classification of the Agaricales, Rolf Singer divided the Agaricaceae into four tribes distinguished largely by spore color: Leucocoprineae, Agariceae, Lepioteae, and Cystodermateae. Genera once classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Battarreaceae, Lycoperdaceae, and Mycenastraceae have since been moved to the Agaricaceae based on molecular phylogenetics studies. According to a standard reference text, the Agaricaceae contains 85 genera and 1340 species.
## Description
Agaricaceae species use a wide variety of fruit body morphology. Although the pileate form (i.e., with a cap and stipe) is predominant, gasteroid and secotioid forms are known. In pileate species, the gills are typically thin, and free from attachment to the stipe. Caps are scurfy to smooth, and range from roughly flat to umbonate. They typically have a centrally attached stipe and a membrane-like partial veil. The species formerly classified in the family Lycoperdaceae are also known as the "true puffballs". Their fruiting bodies are round and are composed of a tough skin surrounding a mass of spores. When they mature, the skin splits open and they release their spores.
The spore print color of Agaricaceae species is highly variable, ranging from white to greenish to ochraceous to pink or sepia; rusty-brown or cinnamon brown colours are absent. Microscopically, the spore surface ranges from smooth to ornamented, and the presence of a germ pore is variable. Amyloidity (i.e. sensitivity to staining in Melzer's reagent) is also variable. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are usually small, four-spored, and may have interspersed cystidia.
## Genera
The extinct genus Coprinites is one of four known Agaricaceae genera in the fossil record. Others include Aureofungus, Protomycena, and Archaeomarasmius. Archaeomarasmius leggeti, from Atlantic Coastal Plain amber, is 90–94 Ma); the other fossil genera are from Dominican amber and date to 15–20 Ma.
The family currently includes the following genera:
- Agaricus
- Barcheria
- Bovista
- Calbovista (previously in family Lycoperdaceae)
- Calvatia
- Chamaemyces
- Chlorophyllum
- Clarkeinda
- Coniolepiota
- †Coprinites
- Coprinus
- Cystoagaricus
- Cystolepiota
- Disciseda
- Endoptychum
- Eriocybe
- Gyrophragmium
- Handkea
- Heinemannomyces
- Hymenagaricus
- Lepiota
- Leucoagaricus
- Leucocoprinus
- Lycoperdon
- Macrolepiota
- Melanophyllum
- Micropsalliota
- Montagnea
- Podaxis
- Ripartitella
- Rugosospora
- Sericeomyces
- Smithiomyces
- Tulostoma
- Verrucospora
## Ecology
The Agaricaceae are widely distributed. Most species are saprobic and prefer grassland and woodland habitats. Genera Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus are known to be cultivated by fungus-growing ants in ant-fungus mutualism.
## Economic significance
The genus Agaricus includes some species that are cultivated commercially throughout the world. The common "button mushroom", Agaricus bisporus, is the most widely cultivated edible mushroom. Agaricus blazei is a well-known medicinal mushroom used for a number of therapeutic and medicinal purposes. Several species are poisonous, such as some Lepiota, Agaricus sect. Xanthodermatei and Chlorophyllum species .
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{{Short description|Family of fungi}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Agaricaceae
| fossil_range = {{Fossilrange|Burdigalian|recent|ref=<ref name="Poinar 1990"/>}}
| image = Agaricus campestris.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Agaricus campestris]]''
| taxon = Agaricaceae
| authority = [[François Fulgis Chevallier|Chevall.]] (1826)
| type_genus = ''Agaricus''
| type_genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] (1753)<ref name="Linnaeus 1753"/>
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
85; See text
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlMycoBank: Agaricaceae"/><ref name="urlMycoBank: Lepiotaceae"/>
| synonyms =
*Battarraceae <small>[[August Carl Joseph Corda|Corda]] (1842)</small>
*Lepiotaceae <small>Roze (1876)</small>
*Lycoperdaceae <small>[[François Fulgis Chevallier|Chevall.]] (1826)</small>
*Mycenastraceae <small>[[Sanford Myron Zeller|Zeller]] (1948)</small>
*Tulostomataceae <small>[[Eduard Fischer (mycologist)|E.Fisch.]] (1900)</small>
}}
The '''Agaricaceae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[basidiomycete]] fungi and include the [[genus]] ''[[Agaricus]]'', as well as basidiomycetes previously classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Lepiotaceae, and Lycoperdaceae.
==Taxonomy==
The family Agaricaceae was published by French botanist [[François Fulgis Chevallier]] in 1826.<ref name="Chevallier 1826"/> It is named after the [[type (biology)|type genus]] ''[[Agaricus]]'', originally [[circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in his 1753 work ''[[Species Plantarum]]''. In his authoritative 1986 [[biological classification|classification]] of the [[Agaricales]], [[Rolf Singer]] divided the Agaricaceae into four [[tribe (biology)|tribes]] distinguished largely by spore color: ''Leucocoprineae'', ''Agariceae'', ''Lepioteae'', and ''Cystodermateae''.<ref name="Singer 1986"/> Genera once classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Battarreaceae, Lycoperdaceae, and Mycenastraceae have since been moved to the Agaricaceae based on [[molecular phylogenetics]] studies.<ref name="urlMycoBank: Agaricaceae"/> According to a standard reference text, the Agaricaceae contains 85 genera and 1340 species.<ref name="Kirk 2008"/>
==Description==
Agaricaceae species use a wide variety of [[basidiocarp|fruit body]] [[morphology (biology)|morphology]]. Although the pileate form (i.e., with a [[pileus (mycology)|cap]] and [[stipe (mycology)|stipe]]) is predominant, [[gasteroid]] and [[secotioid]] forms are known. In pileate species, the [[lamella (mycology)|gills]] are typically thin, and free from attachment to the stipe. Caps are [[wikt:scurfy|scurfy]] to smooth, and range from roughly flat to [[umbo (mycology)|umbonate]]. They typically have a centrally attached stipe and a membrane-like [[partial veil]].<ref name="Cannon 2007"/> The species formerly classified in the family Lycoperdaceae are also known as the "true [[puffball]]s". Their fruiting bodies are round and are composed of a tough skin surrounding a mass of spores. When they mature, the skin splits open and they release their spores.
The [[spore print]] color of Agaricaceae species is highly variable, ranging from white to greenish to ochraceous to pink or sepia; rusty-brown or cinnamon brown colours are absent. Microscopically, the spore surface ranges from smooth to ornamented, and the presence of a [[germ pore]] is variable. [[Amyloid (mycology)|Amyloidity]] (i.e. sensitivity to [[staining]] in [[Melzer's reagent]]) is also variable. The [[basidia]] (spore-bearing cells) are usually small, four-spored, and may have interspersed [[cystidia]].<ref name="Cannon 2007"/>
==Genera==
{{main|List of Agaricaceae genera}}
The extinct genus ''[[Coprinites]]'' is one of four known Agaricaceae genera in the fossil record. Others include ''[[Aureofungus]]'', ''[[Protomycena]]'', and ''[[Archaeomarasmius]]''. ''Archaeomarasmius leggeti'', from [[Atlantic Coastal Plain]] amber, is 90–94 [[Million years ago|Ma]]); the other fossil genera are from [[Dominican amber]] and date to 15–20 Ma.<ref name="Hibbett 2003"/>
The family currently includes the following genera:
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Agaricus]]''
*''[[Barcheria]]''
*''[[Bovista]]''
*''[[Calbovista]]'' (previously in family [[Lycoperdaceae]])
*''[[Calvatia]]''
*''[[Chamaemyces]]''
*''[[Chlorophyllum]]''
*''[[Clarkeinda]]''
*''[[Coniolepiota]]''
*[[extinction|†]]''[[Coprinites]]''
*''[[Coprinus]]''
*''[[Cystoagaricus]]''
*''[[Cystolepiota]]''
*''[[Disciseda]]''
*''[[Endoptychum]]''
*''[[Eriocybe]]''
*''[[Gyrophragmium]]''
*''[[Handkea]]''
*''[[Heinemannomyces]]''
*''[[Hymenagaricus]]''
*''[[Lepiota]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus]]''
*''[[Leucocoprinus]]''
*''[[Lycoperdon]]''
*''[[Macrolepiota]]''
*''[[Melanophyllum]]''
*''[[Micropsalliota]]''
*''[[Montagnea]]''
*''[[Podaxis]]''
*''[[Ripartitella]]''
*''[[Rugosospora]]''
*''[[Sericeomyces]]''
*''[[Smithiomyces]]''
*''[[Tulostoma]]''
*''[[Verrucospora]]''
{{div col end}}
==Ecology==
The ''Agaricaceae'' are widely distributed. Most species are [[saprobic]] and prefer [[grassland]] and [[woodland]] habitats.<ref name="Cannon 2007"/> Genera ''[[Leucoagaricus]]'' and ''[[Leucocoprinus]]'' are known to be cultivated by [[fungus-growing ant]]s in [[ant-fungus mutualism]].<ref name="Hölldobler 2009"/>
==Economic significance==
The genus ''[[Agaricus]]'' includes some species that are cultivated commercially throughout the world. The common "button mushroom", ''[[Agaricus bisporus]]'', is the most widely cultivated edible mushroom. ''[[Agaricus blazei]]'' is a well-known [[medicinal mushroom]] used for a number of therapeutic and medicinal purposes.<ref name="Lima 2011"/><ref name="Wang 2013"/> Several species are [[poisonous mushroom|poisonous]], such as some ''[[Lepiota]]'', ''Agaricus sect. Xanthodermatei'' and ''[[Chlorophyllum]]'' species .<ref name="Cannon 2007"/>
==See also==
*[[List of Agaricales families]]
*[[List of Basidiomycota families]]
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="Cannon 2007">{{Cite book |vauthors =Cannon PF, Kirk PM |title=Fungal Families of the World |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2007 |pages=3–4 |isbn=978-0-85199-827-5}}</ref>
<ref name="Chevallier 1826">{{cite book |author =Chevallier FF. |title=Flore générale des environs de Paris, selon la méthode naturelle: Description de toutes les plantes agames, cryptogames et phanérogames qui y croissent spontanément; leurs propriétés, leur usage dans la médecine, les arts, et l'économie domestique; avec une classification naturelle des agames et des cryptogames, basée sur l'organisation de ces végétaux |year=1826 |volume=1 |publisher=Ferra Jeune |location=Paris, France |page=121 |language=fr}}</ref>
<ref name="Hibbett 2003">{{Cite journal |vauthors =Hibbett DS, Binder M, Wang Z |year=2003 |title=Another fossil agaric from Dominican Amber |journal=Mycologia |volume=95 |issue=4 |pages=685–7 |jstor=3761943 |doi=10.2307/3761943 |pmid=21148976 |url=http://www.mycologia.org/content/95/4/685.full|url-access=subscription }} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name="Hölldobler 2009">{{Cite book |vauthors =Hölldobler B, Wilson EO |year=2009 |title=The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies |location=New York, NY |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company}}</ref>
<ref name="Kirk 2008">{{Cite book |vauthors =Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi|edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford |year=2008|page=11|isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref>
<ref name="Lima 2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors =Lima CU, Cordova CO, Nóbrega Ode T, Funghetto SS, Karnikowski MG |title=Does the ''Agaricus blazei'' Murrill mushroom have properties that affect the immune system? An integrative review |journal=Journal of Medicinal Food |year=2011 |volume=14 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–8 |pmid=21128829 |doi=10.1089/jmf.2010.0017}}</ref>
<ref name="Linnaeus 1753">{{Cite book |author =Linnaeus C. |title=Species Plantarum |year=1753 |volume=2 |location=Stockholm |publisher=Laurentii Salvii |page=1171 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/359192}}</ref>
<ref name="Poinar 1990">{{Cite journal |vauthors =Poinar G, Singer R |year=1990 |title=Upper Eocene gilled mushroom from the Dominican Republic |journal=Science |volume=248 |issue=4959 |pages=1099–101 |pmid=17733372 |doi=10.1126/science.248.4959.1099|bibcode=1990Sci...248.1099P |s2cid=42236437 }}</ref>
<ref name="Singer 1986">{{Cite book |author =Singer R. |title=The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy |edition=4th |publisher=Koeltz Scientific Books |location=Königstein im Taunus, Germany |year=1986 |pages=465–7 |isbn=3-87429-254-1}}</ref>
<ref name="urlMycoBank: Agaricaceae">{{cite web |title=Agaricaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de Paris 1: 121 (1826) |url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Link=T&TableKey=14682616000000067&Rec=58983&Fields=All |publisher=[[MycoBank]]. International Mycological Association |access-date=2013-12-03}}</ref>
<ref name="urlMycoBank: Lepiotaceae">{{cite web |title=Lepiotaceae Roze, Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 23: 111 (1876)|url=http://www.mycobank.org/name/Lepiotaceae&Lang=Eng |publisher=[[MycoBank]]. International Mycological Association |access-date=2015-10-30}}</ref>
<ref name="Wang 2013">{{Cite journal |vauthors =Wang H, Fu Z, Han C |title=The medicinal values of culinary-medicinal royal sun mushroom (''Agaricus blazei'' Murrill) |journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine |year=2013 |volume=2013 |pmid=24288568 |page=842619 |pmc=3833359 |doi=10.1155/2013/842619|doi-access=free }} {{open access}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermFolder/FUNGI.html#AGARICACEAE Agaricaceae] in [https://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/ BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q913614}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Agaricaceae| ]]
[[Category:Agaricales families]]
[[Category:Basidiomycota families|Agaricaceae]]
[[Category:Extant Burdigalian first appearances]]
| 1,296,000,983
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[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Fungi", "Division": "Basidiomycota", "Class": "Agaricomycetes", "Order": "Agaricales", "Family": "Agaricaceae \u00b7 Chevall. (1826)"}}, {"title": "Type genus", "data": {"Type genus": "Agaricus \u00b7 L. (1753)"}}, {"title": "Genera", "data": {"Genera": "85; See text"}}, {"title": "Synonyms", "data": {"Synonyms": "- Battarraceae Corda (1842) - Lepiotaceae Roze (1876) - Lycoperdaceae Chevall. (1826) - Mycenastraceae Zeller (1948) - Tulostomataceae E.Fisch. (1900)"}}]
| false
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# Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation
Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation was a Paris based automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturer between 1919 and 1920. The French manufacturer was noted for electric cars.
## History of the business
Production of cars and light trucks began at the company's Paris workshops in the rue de Berri, in 1919. The name Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation was generally reduced to AAA'.
With the First World War having ended only months earlier, there was at the time little contact between auto producers in France and those in Germany. There is no connection between Paris-based Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation (AAA) and the Berlin company AG für Akkumulatoren- und Automobilbau which between 1919 and 1922 was also producing cars under the name "AAA".
## The cars
The cars were powered by electric motors. The AAA was a large four door saloon. The cars advertised featured closed bodies with the simple square shape characteristic of 1920s car designs.
At the 1919 Paris Motor Show the manufacturer offered two different chassis lengths of 3,100 mm (120 in) and 3,500 mm (140 in), the two models being designated the "AAA 6A Serie" and the "AAA 10A Luxe". The price of 55,000 francs for the larger car even in bare chassis form was considered very high. However, the price included a ten-year "Mechanical guarantee", which was at the time exceptional. The top speed quoted was 45 km/h (28 mph) and the range between charges was given as 120 km (75 miles). Power storage involved accumulator batteries with 42 cells.
## Reference, sources and notes
1. 1 2 Linz, Schrader: Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie.
2. 1 2 Georgano: The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile.
3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1920 (Salon [Oct] 1919). Vol. 31. Paris: Histoire & collections. 2004. p. 61.
4. ↑ Georgano: Autos. Encyclopédie complète. 1885 à nos jours.
- Harald Linz, Halwart Schrader: Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie. United Soft Media Verlag, München 2008, ISBN 978-3-8032-9876-8.
- George Nick Georgano (Chefredakteur): The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Volume 1: A–F. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001, ISBN 1-57958-293-1. (englisch)
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{{Infobox company
| name = Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation
| logo =
| fate =
| successor =
| foundation = 1919
| defunct = 1920
| location = 39, rue de Berri, [[Paris]], [[France]]
| industry = [[automobile|Automotive]]
| founder =
| products = Electric cars & trucks
| num_employees =
| parent =
| subsid =
}}
'''Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation''' was a [[8th arrondissement of Paris|Paris]] based automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturer between 1919 and 1920. The French manufacturer was noted for electric cars.<ref name="Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie" /><ref name="Beaulieu" />
==History of the business==
Production of cars and light trucks began at the company's Paris workshops in the [[:fr:Rue de Berri|rue de Berri]], in 1919. The name ''' Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation''' was generally reduced to '''AAA''''.
With the [[First World War]] having ended only months earlier, there was at the time little contact between auto producers in France and those in Germany. There is no connection between Paris-based Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation (AAA) and the [[Berlin]] company [[:de:AG für Akkumulatoren- und Automobilbau|AG für Akkumulatoren- und Automobilbau]] which between 1919 and 1922 was also producing cars under the name "AAA".
==The cars==
The cars were powered by electric motors. The AAA was a large four door saloon. The cars advertised featured closed bodies with the simple square shape characteristic of 1920s car designs.
At the 1919 [[Paris Motor Show]] the manufacturer offered two different chassis lengths of {{convert|3100|mm|in||abbr=on}} and {{convert|3500|mm|in||abbr=on}}, the two models being designated the "AAA 6A Serie" and the "AAA 10A Luxe".<ref name=Automobilia1920>{{cite book |section=Automobilia |title=Toutes les voitures françaises 1920 (Salon [Oct] 1919) |volume=31 |page=61 |year=2004 |publisher=Histoire & collections |location=Paris}}</ref> The price of 55,000 francs for the larger car even in bare chassis form was considered very high.<ref name=Automobilia1920/> However, the price included a ten-year "Mechanical guarantee", which was at the time exceptional.<ref name=Automobilia1920/> The top speed quoted was 45 km/h (28 mph) and the range between charges was given as 120 km (75 miles).<ref name=Automobilia1920/> Power storage involved [[Rechargeable battery|accumulator batteries]] with 42 cells.<ref name=Automobilia1920/>
==Reference, sources and notes==
<ref name="Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie">Linz, Schrader: ''Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie.''</ref>
<ref name="Beaulieu">Georgano: ''The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile.''</ref>
<ref name="Autos">Georgano: ''Autos. Encyclopédie complète. 1885 à nos jours.''</ref>
{{reflist}}
*Harald Linz, Halwart Schrader: ''Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie.'' United Soft Media Verlag, München 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-8032-9876-8}}.
*George Nick Georgano (Chefredakteur): ''The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile.'' Volume 1: ''A–F.'' [[Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers]], Chicago 2001, {{ISBN|1-57958-293-1}}. (englisch)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation (AAA)}}
[[Category:Electric vehicles introduced in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of France]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of France]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Paris]]
[[Category:French companies established in 1919]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1919]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1920]]
[[Category:1920s disestablishments in France]]
| 1,294,410,060
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[{"title": "Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation", "data": {"Industry": "Automotive", "Founded": "1919", "Defunct": "1920", "Headquarters": "39, rue de Berri, Paris, France", "Products": "Electric cars & trucks"}}]
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# Meant to Be (Selwyn album)
Meant to Be is the 2002 debut studio album from Australian R&B singer Selwyn. It was released in Australia, the United States, and South Africa. The album spawned three top 20 singles on the ARIA charts, those being "Buggin' Me", a cover of Hall & Oates' "Rich Girl", and "Way Love's Supposed to Be".
The album peaked at number 9 on the ARIA Albums Chart.
## Track listing
### Disc 1
All tracks written by Audius Mtawarira and Selwyn Pretorius except where noted.
1. "Intro" – 0:29
2. "Buggin' Me" – 3:31
3. "She Said" – 3:49
4. "My Thang" – 3:49
5. "Way Love's Supposed to Be" (Mtawarira/Pretorius/Paul Begaud) – 4:24
6. "Negative Things" (Audius Mtawarira) – 4:31
7. "Rich Girl" (Daryl Hall) – 3:58
8. "Like This, Like That" – 3:35
9. "Take My Time" – 4:29
10. "Way You Make Me Feel" (Mtawarira/Pretorius/Begaud) – 5:15
11. "AM Call" (Audius Mtawarira) – 4:00
12. "Tell Me What You Like / Funky Cold Medina / Thank You" – 11:16
### Disc 2 (Bonus edition)
1. "Rich Girl" (Rudy Remix) – 3:27
2. "Buggin' Me" (Hype Music Extended Mix) – 3:47
3. "Way Love's Supposed to Be" (Bsyde West Coast Mix) – 4:21
4. "Your Booty Is Buggin' Me" (U.W.M.S.C. Mix) – 4:02
5. "Rich Girl" (Anna Nicole Mix) – 3:38
6. "Way Love's Supposed to Be" (Isaac James Edit) – 3:49
7. "Rich Girl" (K-Warren 12") – 5:34
8. "Way Love's Supposed to Be" (By the Way) – 3:58
9. Multimedia (3 videos, 4 biographies and "On the Road" home movie)
## Charts
| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| ------------------------ | ------------- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 9 |
## Certifications
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | --------------------- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. | | |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Australian English|date=September 2011}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Meant to Be
| type = studio
| artist = [[Selwyn (singer)|Selwyn]]
| cover = Selwyn - Meant To Be.jpg
| alt =
| released = 30 August 2002
| recorded = 2001–2002
| studio =
| genre =
* [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]
* [[Pop music|pop]]
| length = 53:06
| label = [[Sony BMG]]
| producer =
* Audius Mtawarira
* [[Paul Begaud]]
* Rudy
* Tod Deeley
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[One Way (Selwyn album)|One Way]]
| next_year = 2004
}}
'''''Meant to Be''''' is the 2002 debut [[studio album]] from Australian [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] singer [[Selwyn (singer)|Selwyn]]. It was released in Australia, the United States, and [[South Africa]]. The album spawned three top 20 singles on the [[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]] charts, those being "Buggin' Me", a cover of [[Hall & Oates]]' "[[Rich Girl (Hall & Oates song)|Rich Girl]]", and "Way Love's Supposed to Be".
The album peaked at number 9 on the ARIA Albums Chart.
==Track listing==
===Disc 1===
:''All tracks written by [[Audius Mtawarira]] and Selwyn Pretorius except where noted.''
#"Intro" – 0:29
#"Buggin' Me" – 3:31
#"She Said" – 3:49
#"My Thang" – 3:49
#"Way Love's Supposed to Be" <small>(Mtawarira/Pretorius/[[Paul Begaud]])</small> – 4:24
#"Negative Things" <small>(Audius Mtawarira)</small> – 4:31
#"[[Rich Girl (Hall & Oates song)|Rich Girl]]" <small>([[Daryl Hall]])</small> – 3:58
#"Like This, Like That" – 3:35
#"Take My Time" – 4:29
#"Way You Make Me Feel" <small>(Mtawarira/Pretorius/[[Begaud]])</small> – 5:15
#"AM Call" <small>(Audius Mtawarira)</small> – 4:00
#"Tell Me What You Like / [[Funky Cold Medina]] / Thank You" – 11:16
===Disc 2 (Bonus edition)===
#"Rich Girl" (Rudy Remix) – 3:27
#"Buggin' Me" (Hype Music Extended Mix) – 3:47
#"Way Love's Supposed to Be" (Bsyde West Coast Mix) – 4:21
#"Your Booty Is Buggin' Me" (U.W.M.S.C. Mix) – 4:02
#"Rich Girl" (Anna Nicole Mix) – 3:38
#"Way Love's Supposed to Be" (Isaac James Edit) – 3:49
#"Rich Girl" (K-Warren 12") – 5:34
#"Way Love's Supposed to Be" (By the Way) – 3:58
#Multimedia (3 videos, 4 biographies and "On the Road" home movie)
==Charts==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2002)
! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
|-
{{album chart|Australia|9|artist=Selwyn|album=Meant to Be|accessdate=25 May 2016|rowheader=true}}
|}
==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=album|region=Australia|artist=Selwyn|title=Meant to Be|award=Gold|certyear=2002}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=yes}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Meant To Be (Selwyn Album)}}
[[Category:Selwyn (singer) albums]]
[[Category:2002 debut albums]]
{{2000s-R&B-album-stub}}
| 1,293,037,051
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[{"title": "Studio album by Selwyn", "data": {"Released": "30 August 2002", "Recorded": "2001\u20132002", "Genre": "R&B pop", "Length": "53:06", "Label": "Sony BMG", "Producer": "Audius Mtawarira Paul Begaud Rudy Tod Deeley"}}]
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# Frank O'Neill (footballer, born 1940)
Frank O'Neill (born 13 April 1940) is an Irish former footballer who spent most of his career at Shamrock Rovers. As an international he also played for the Republic of Ireland.
## Playing career
### Early years
O'Neill joined Stella Maris at the age of twelve before moving onto Home Farm. He also played for an FAI Youth Selection against a Liverpool County FA XI at Goodison Park, and in 1958 he played against the youth teams of some of the leading European clubs in a tournament in Germany.
### Arsenal
O'Neill signed for Arsenal as an eighteen-year-old, initially as an amateur but subsequently turned professional in April 1959. He spent the next two seasons playing for Arsenal Reserves, making just 2 appearances in the English League. On both occasions, during the 1960–61 season, he deputised for the injured Danny Clapton. He made his senior debut for Arsenal on New Year's Eve 1960 in a 5–3 away win against Nottingham Forest and then played again in a home game against Blackpool.
### Shamrock Rovers
O'Neill signed for Shamrock Rovers for £3000 in September 1961 after playing well on Rovers' tour of North America that summer. He scored twice on his debut against Waterford United on 17 September, in a 4–0 win in the League of Ireland Shield. He went on to become a prominent member of the Rovers team that won the FAI Cup six times in a row during the 1960s. He, along with Pat Courtney, is a holder of the six in a row medals. During his career with Rovers he played over 300 games. His teammates at the club during this era included Liam Tuohy, Johnny Fullam, Pat Dunne, Bobby Gilbert, Mick Leech and Paddy Mulligan. During the 1965–66 season O'Neill scored 6 goals during the FAI Cup run including one in the final against Limerick. In 1967, he also scored a penalty in the final, a 3–2 win against St. Patrick's Athletic. He scored a further 2 goals during the 1968–69 Cup run. During the summer of 1967, O'Neill also played for Rovers when they competed as Boston Rovers in the United Soccer Association league. O'Neill also scored 2 goals for Rovers, one in each game, during a European Cup Winners Cup tie against CA Spora Luxembourg, helping them to an 8–2 aggregate win. In total he played 18 times in European competition.
### Other clubs
Frank signed for Waterford United in September 1974 and scored twice on his debut.
He won the Texaco Cup after scoring the only goal in the first leg in November 1974.
O'Neill signed for Dundalk as assistant manager in 1978. He moved to St Patrick's Athletic in January 1980.
### Republic of Ireland
Between 1961 and 1971, while playing for Shamrock Rovers, O'Neill made 20 appearances and scored 1 goal for the Republic of Ireland. He holds the record for the number of international caps won by a League of Ireland player. He made his international debut on 8 October 1961 in a World Cup qualifier against Czechoslovakia at Dalymount Park. O'Neill finished on the losing side as the Republic lost 3–1. He scored his only goal for the senior national team on 11 November 1966 in a 2–1 home win against Turkey in a European qualifier. He made his last appearance for the Republic of Ireland on 10 October 1971 in another European qualifier, a 6–0 loss away to Austria.
## Managerial career
He served as player-manager for Shamrock Rovers after being appointed to the position on 19 October 1969. He guided the club to the league title play-off at the end of the 1970–71 season.
O'Neill was later assistant manager of Dundalk between 1978 and 1979, winning the League of Ireland and FAI Cup double.
## Honours
League of Ireland: 2
- Shamrock Rovers 1963–64
- Dundalk 1978–1979
FAI Cup: 7
- Shamrock Rovers 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969
League of Ireland Shield: 5
- Shamrock Rovers 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1967–68
- Dublin City Cup: 2
- Shamrock Rovers 1963–64, 1966–67
- Blaxnit Cup
- Shamrock Rovers 1967–68
- Top Four Cup
- Shamrock Rovers 1965–66
- Leinster Senior Cup: 2
- Shamrock Rovers 1964, 1968/69
- Texaco Cup
- Waterford United 1974/75
## Sources
- Paul Doolan; Robert Goggins. The Hoops. ISBN 0-7171-2121-6.
- Who's Who of Arsenal (2007): Tony Matthews
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{{Short description|Irish footballer and manager}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name= Frank O'Neill
| image =
| fullname = Frank Simon O'Neill
| birth_date = 13 April 1940
| birth_place = [[Dublin]], Republic of Ireland
| position= Outside right, forward
| youthyears1 = 1952–1956 | youthyears2 =1956–1958
| youthclubs1 = [[Stella Maris F.C.|Stella Maris]]
| youthclubs2 = [[Home Farm F.C.|Home Farm]]
| years1 = 1958–1961 | years2 = 1961–1974 | years3 = 1967 | years4 = 1974–1976 | years5 = 1976 | years6 = 1976–1978 | years7 = 1978–1980 | years8 =1980
| clubs1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] | clubs2 = [[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]] | clubs3 = → [[Boston Rovers]] ''(guest)'' | clubs4 = [[Waterford F.C.|Waterford]] | clubs5 = [[Athlone Town A.F.C.|Athlone Town]] | clubs6 = [[Belgrove F.C.]] | clubs7 = [[Dundalk F.C.|Dundalk]] | clubs8 =[[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]]
| caps1 = 2 | goals1 = 0 | caps2 = 274 | goals2 = 87 | caps3 = 12 | goals3 = 3 | caps4 = 26 | goals4 = 7 | caps5 = 5 | goals5 = 2 | caps7 = 5 | goals7 = 1 | caps8 = 3 | goals8 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 1961–1971 | nationalyears2 =1961–1969
| nationalteam1 = [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]] | nationalteam2 =[[League of Ireland XI]]
| nationalcaps1 = 20 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalcaps2 = 15 | nationalgoals2 = 1
| manageryears1 = 1969–1971 | manageryears2 =1981
| managerclubs1 = [[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]] | managerclubs2 =[[Shelbourne F.C.|Shelbourne]]
}}
'''Frank O'Neill''' (born 13 April 1940) is an Irish former [[association football|footballer]] who spent most of his career at [[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]]. As an international he also played for the [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]].
==Playing career==
===Early years===
O'Neill joined [[Stella Maris F.C.|Stella Maris]] at the age of twelve before moving onto [[Home Farm F.C.|Home Farm]]. He also played for an [[Football Association of Ireland|FAI]] Youth Selection against a [[Liverpool]] County FA XI at [[Goodison Park]], and in 1958 he played against the youth teams of some of the leading European clubs in a tournament in Germany.
===Arsenal===
O'Neill signed for [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] as an eighteen-year-old, initially as an amateur but subsequently turned professional in April 1959. He spent the next two seasons playing for [[Arsenal F.C. Reserves|Arsenal Reserves]], making just 2 appearances in the [[English Football League|English League]]. On both occasions, during the 1960–61 season, he deputised for the injured [[Danny Clapton]]. He made his senior debut for Arsenal on New Year's Eve 1960 in a 5–3 away win against [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] and then played again in a home game against [[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]].
===Shamrock Rovers===
O'Neill signed for [[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]] for £3000 in September 1961 after playing well on Rovers' tour of North America that summer. He scored twice on his debut against [[Waterford F.C.|Waterford United]] on 17 September, in a 4–0 win in the [[League of Ireland Shield]]. He went on to become a prominent member of the Rovers team that won the [[FAI Cup]] six times in a row during the 1960s. He, along with Pat Courtney, is a holder of the six in a row medals. During his career with Rovers he played over 300 games. His teammates at the club during this era included [[Liam Tuohy (footballer)|Liam Tuohy]], [[Johnny Fullam]], [[Pat Dunne]], [[Bobby Gilbert]], [[Mick Leech]] and [[Paddy Mulligan]].<ref>[http://www.shamrockrovers.ie/history.php Shamrockrovers.ie – History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801163442/http://www.shamrockrovers.ie/history.php |date=1 August 2008 }}</ref> During the 1965–66 season O'Neill scored 6 goals during the FAI Cup run including one in the final against [[Limerick F.C.|Limerick]]. In 1967, he also scored a penalty in the final, a 3–2 win against [[St. Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St. Patrick's Athletic]]. He scored a further 2 goals during the 1968–69 Cup run.<ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/match-by-match-guide-to-six-of-the-best-477349.html Rovers and FAI Cup]</ref> During the summer of 1967, O'Neill also played for Rovers when they competed as [[Boston Rovers]] in the [[United Soccer Association]] league.<ref>[http://mywebpages.comcast.net/dulyjs/strikers/nasl/bos1.html Boston Rovers] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120710102520/http://mywebpages.comcast.net/dulyjs/strikers/nasl/bos1.html |date=10 July 2012 }}</ref> O'Neill also scored 2 goals for Rovers, one in each game, during a [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1966-67|European Cup Winners Cup]] tie against [[CA Spora Luxembourg]], helping them to an 8–2 aggregate win.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.shamrockrovers.ie/history/european-results#1966 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120625194032/http://www.shamrockrovers.ie/history/european-results#1966 | archivedate = 25 June 2012 | website = shamrockrovers.ie | title = History – European Results – 1966 }}</ref> In total he played 18 times in European competition.
===Other clubs===
Frank signed for [[Waterford United]] in September 1974 and scored twice on his debut.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/1974/0916/Pg003.html#Ar00304:2AE5A33455F233A6E73606FE3778B339D8CA29498E2BB9A6294A462BBA5D376A8739EA9F36C5A439B5F239B5A43A65F23A65A441D5F236D6E737A6FE37A6E737D6FE37D6E73A06FE36D7883797A037B78837E7A037E7883A17A03358923428AA3448923478AA3478923698AA2938C22A08DA2A18C22A58DA2A58C22C88DA2D598E2E19A62E198E2E49A62E498E3079A62CCA462D8A5D2D8A462DBA5D2DBA462FEA5D295A662A2A7E2A2A662A5A7E2A5A662C7A7E295A972A2AAF2A3A972A6AAF2A6A972C8AAF2E7AE82F3AFF2F3AE82F6AFF2F6AE8319AFF |title= Frank O'Neill has Waterford Clicking (page 3) |date=16 September 1974 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |issn=0791-5144 |location=Dublin |language=en-ie |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
He won the [[Texaco Cup]] after scoring the only goal in the first leg in November 1974.
O'Neill signed for [[Dundalk F.C.|Dundalk]] as assistant manager in 1978. He moved to [[St Patrick's Athletic]] in January 1980.
===Republic of Ireland===
Between 1961 and 1971, while playing for [[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]], O'Neill made 20 appearances and scored 1 goal for the [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]]. He holds the record for the number of international caps won by a League of Ireland player. He made his international debut on 8 October 1961 in a [[1962 FIFA World Cup qualification|World Cup qualifier]] against [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]] at [[Dalymount Park]]. O'Neill finished on the losing side as the Republic lost 3–1. He scored his only goal for the senior national team on 11 November 1966 in a 2–1 home win against [[Turkey national football team|Turkey]] in a [[1968 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying|European qualifier]]. He made his last appearance for the Republic of Ireland on 10 October 1971 in another [[1972 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying|European qualifier]], a 6–0 loss away to [[Austria national football team|Austria]].<ref>[http://www.soccerscene.ie/sssenior/player.php?id=155 Republic of Ireland international]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the42.ie/frank-oneill-interview-5227097-Oct2020/|title =Playing Spain in Ireland's first-ever play-off, the '6 in a row' team and facing Germany's greatest striker|date= 8 October 2020|work=The 42|access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
==Managerial career==
He served as player-manager for Shamrock Rovers after being appointed to the position on 19 October 1969. He guided the club to the league title play-off at the end of the 1970–71 season.
O'Neill was later assistant manager of [[Dundalk F.C.|Dundalk]] between 1978 and 1979, winning the [[League of Ireland]] and [[FAI Cup]] double.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/eircom-league/down-memory-lane-frank-oneill-1389698.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080529113333/http://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/eircom-league/down-memory-lane-frank-oneill-1389698.html| archive-date = 2008-05-29| title = Down Memory Lane Frank O'Neill – eircom League, Soccer – Independent.ie}}</ref>
==Honours==
'''[[Image:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[League of Ireland]]: 2'''
::
*[[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]] 1963–64
*[[Dundalk F.C.|Dundalk]] 1978–1979
'''[[Image:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[FAI Cup]]: 7'''
::
*[[Shamrock Rovers]] 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969
'''[[Image:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[League of Ireland Shield]]: 5'''
::
*[[Shamrock Rovers]] 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1967–68
*'''[[Dublin City Cup]]: 2'''
*[[Shamrock Rovers]] 1963–64, 1966–67
*'''[[Blaxnit Cup]]'''
*[[Shamrock Rovers]] 1967–68
*'''[[Top Four Cup]]'''
*[[Shamrock Rovers]] 1965–66
*'''[[Leinster Senior Cup (football)|Leinster Senior Cup]]: 2'''
*[[Shamrock Rovers]] 1964, 1968/69
*'''[[Texaco Cup]]'''
*[[Waterford United]] 1974/75
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== Sources ==
* {{cite book|title=The Hoops|author1=Paul Doolan|author2=Robert Goggins|ISBN=0-7171-2121-6}}
*''Who's Who of Arsenal'' (2007): Tony Matthews [https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/184596232X]
{{Shamrock Rovers F C. managers}}
{{Shelbourne F.C. managers}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oneill, Frank}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Republic of Ireland men's association footballers]]
[[Category:Republic of Ireland men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Home Farm F.C. players]]
[[Category:Arsenal F.C. players]]
[[Category:Shamrock Rovers F.C. players]]
[[Category:Shamrock Rovers F.C. managers]]
[[Category:Waterford F.C. players]]
[[Category:Athlone Town A.F.C. players]]
[[Category:Dundalk F.C. players]]
[[Category:St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players]]
[[Category:League of Ireland players]]
[[Category:League of Ireland managers]]
[[Category:Shelbourne F.C. managers]]
[[Category:United Soccer Association players]]
[[Category:Boston Shamrock Rovers players]]
[[Category:Association footballers from County Dublin]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:League of Ireland XI players]]
[[Category:Association footballers from Dublin (city)]]
[[Category:Stella Maris F.C. players]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Republic of Ireland association football managers]]
[[Category:English Football League players]]
[[Category:20th-century Irish sportsmen]]
| 1,285,209,643
|
[{"title": "Frank O'Neill", "data": {"Full name": "Frank Simon O'Neill", "Date of birth": "13 April 1940", "Place of birth": "Dublin, Republic of Ireland", "Position(s)": "Outside right, forward"}}, {"title": "Youth career", "data": {"1952\u20131956": "Stella Maris", "1956\u20131958": "Home Farm"}}, {"title": "Senior career*", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "1958\u20131961": "Arsenal \u00b7 2 \u00b7 (0)", "1961\u20131974": "Shamrock Rovers \u00b7 274 \u00b7 (87)", "1967": "\u2192 Boston Rovers (guest) \u00b7 12 \u00b7 (3)", "1974\u20131976": "Waterford \u00b7 26 \u00b7 (7)", "1976": "Athlone Town \u00b7 5 \u00b7 (2)", "1976\u20131978": "Belgrove F.C.", "1978\u20131980": "Dundalk \u00b7 5 \u00b7 (1)", "1980": "St Patrick's Athletic \u00b7 3 \u00b7 (0)"}}, {"title": "International career", "data": {"1961\u20131971": "Republic of Ireland \u00b7 20 \u00b7 (1)", "1961\u20131969": "League of Ireland XI \u00b7 15 \u00b7 (1)"}}, {"title": "Managerial career", "data": {"1969\u20131971": "Shamrock Rovers", "1981": "Shelbourne"}}]
| false
|
# Irina Rîngaci
Irina Rîngaci (born 23 August 2001) is a Moldovan freestyle wrestler. She won the gold medal in the women's 65 kg event at the 2021 World Wrestling Championships in Oslo, Norway. She is the first female wrestler representing Moldova to win a gold medal at the World Wrestling Championships. Rîngaci is also a five-time medalist, including two gold medals, at the European Wrestling Championships. She represented Moldova at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.
## Career
Rîngaci finished in 4th place in the girls' 57 kg event at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. In 2019, she won one of the bronze medals in the 62 kg event at the World U23 Wrestling Championship held in Budapest, Hungary.
Rîngaci won the silver medal in the women's 65 kg event at the 2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup held in Belgrade, Serbia. In March 2021, she competed at the European Qualification Tournament in Budapest, Hungary hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. In April 2021, Rîngaci won the gold medal in her event at the 2021 European Wrestling Championships in Warsaw, Poland. In May 2021, Rîngaci failed to qualify for the Olympics at the World Olympic Qualification Tournament held in Sofia, Bulgaria. Later that month, she won the gold medal in her event at the European U23 Wrestling Championship held in Skopje, North Macedonia. At the 2021 World Junior Wrestling Championships held in Ufa, Russia, she also won the gold medal in her event.
In 2022, Rîngaci won the gold medal in the women's 68 kg event at the Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament held in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. She also won the gold medal in the 68 kg event at the 2022 European U23 Wrestling Championship held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In that same month, Rîngaci won the gold medal in the 68 kg event at the European Wrestling Championships held in Budapest, Hungary. She defeated Pauline Lecarpentier of France in her gold medal match. A few months later, she won the silver medal in her event at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2022 held in Rome, Italy.
In September 2022, Rîngaci won one of the bronze medals in the 68 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia. A month later, she also won one of the bronze medals in her event at the 2022 U23 World Wrestling Championships held in Pontevedra, Spain.
Rîngaci won one of the bronze medals in the women's 68 kg event at the 2023 Grand Prix Zagreb Open held in Zagreb, Croatia. She also won one of the bronze medals in her event at the 2023 European U23 Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania. She won the silver medal in the 65 kg event at the 2023 European Wrestling Championships held in Zagreb, Croatia. In June 2023, Rîngaci lost to Russia's Khanum Velieva at Poddubny wrestling league 5 held in Vladikavkaz, Russia.
Rîngaci won one of the bronze medals in the women's 68 kg event at the 2023 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia. As a result, she earned a quota place for Moldova for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. She defeated Ami Ishii of Japan in her bronze medal match.
Rîngaci won one of the bronze medals in the 65 kg event at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania. She defeated Kadriye Aksoy of Turkey in her bronze medal match. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, she competed in the women's 68 kg event. She was eliminated in her first match by Pak Sol-gum of North Korea.
In 2025, Rîngaci won the silver medal in the 65 kg event at the European Wrestling Championships held in Bratislava, Slovakia.
## Achievements
| Year | Tournament | Location | Result | Event |
| ---- | ---------------------- | -------------------- | ------ | --------------- |
| 2021 | European Championships | Warsaw, Poland | 1st | Freestyle 65 kg |
| 2021 | World Championships | Oslo, Norway | 1st | Freestyle 65 kg |
| 2022 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 1st | Freestyle 68 kg |
| 2022 | World Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 3rd | Freestyle 68 kg |
| 2023 | European Championships | Zagreb, Croatia | 2nd | Freestyle 65 kg |
| 2023 | World Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 3rd | Freestyle 68 kg |
| 2024 | European Championships | Bucharest, Romania | 3rd | Freestyle 65 kg |
| 2025 | European Championships | Bratislava, Slovakia | 2nd | Freestyle 65 kg |
|
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Irina Rîngaci
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irina_R%C3%AEngaci
|
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Q106603858
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{{short description|Moldovan freestyle wrestler}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Irina Rîngaci
| image = Irina Rîngaci (MDA) 2021.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Rîngaci at the [[2021 World Wrestling Championships]] in [[Oslo]]
| full_name = <!-- if different than name/birth_name -->
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2001|08|23}}
| birth_place = [[Leova]], Moldova
| height = 167 cm (2024)
| weight = 68 kg (2024)
| country = [[Moldova]]
| sport = [[Amateur wrestling]]
| weight_class = {{Plainlist|
* 65 kg
* 68 kg
}}
| rank = International master of sports in [[freestyle wrestling]]
| event = [[Freestyle wrestling|Women's freestyle]]
| coach = Petru Chiperi, Andrei Chiperi
| pb =
| show-medals =
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Sport| Women's [[freestyle wrestling]] }}
{{Medal|Country| {{MDA}} }}
{{Medal|Competition|[[World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold| [[2021 World Wrestling Championships|2021 Oslo]]|[[2021 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze| [[2022 World Wrestling Championships|2022 Belgrade]]|[[2022 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze| [[2023 World Wrestling Championships|2023 Belgrade]]|[[2023 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[European Wrestling Championships|European Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2021 European Wrestling Championships|2021 Warsaw]]|[[2021 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2022 European Wrestling Championships|2022 Budapest]]|[[2022 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[2023 European Wrestling Championships|2023 Zagreb]]|[[2023 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Silver| [[2025 European Wrestling Championships|2025 Bratislava]] | [[2025 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]] }}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2024 European Wrestling Championships|2024 Bucharest]]|[[2024 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|Individual World Cup}}
{{Medal|Silver| [[2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup|2020 Belgrade]]|[[2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Dan Kolov]] & [[Nikola Petroff|Nikola Petrov]] Tournament}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament|2022 Veliko Tarnovo]]|[[2022 Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament#Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|Grand Prix}}
{{MedalGold|2022 Bucharest|68 kg}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament|2023 Budapest]]|[[2023 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament#Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2020 Poland Open|2020 Warsaw]]|65 kg}}
{{MedalSilver|2021 Kiev|65 kg}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2022|2022 Rome]]|[[Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2022#Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Muhamet Malo Tournament|2025 Tirana]]|[[2025 Muhamet Malo Tournament#Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament|2025 Budapest]]|[[2025 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament – Women's freestyle#Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 Grand Prix Zagreb Open|2023 Zagreb]]|[[2023 Grand Prix Zagreb Open#Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[World U23 Wrestling Championships|World U23 Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships|2023 Tirana]]|[[2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2024 U23 World Wrestling Championships|2024 Tirana]] | [[2024 U23 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]] }}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2019 World U23 Wrestling Championship|2019 Budapest]] | 62 kg }}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2022 U23 World Wrestling Championships|2022 Pontevedra]]|[[2022 U23 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|European U23 Championships}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2021 European U23 Wrestling Championship|2021 Skopje]]|65 kg}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2022 European U23 Wrestling Championship|2022 Plovdiv]]|[[2022 European U23 Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2024 European U23 Wrestling Championships|2024 Baku]]|[[2024 European U23 Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2023 European U23 Wrestling Championships|2023 Bucharest]]|[[2023 European U23 Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[World Juniors Wrestling Championships|World Juniors Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2021 World Juniors Wrestling Championships|2021 Ufa]]|65 kg}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[European Juniors Wrestling Championships|European Juniors Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[2019 European Juniors Wrestling Championships|2019 Pontevedra]]|62 kg}}
{{Medal|Competition|World Cadets Championships}}
{{Medal|Bronze|2018 Zagreb|57 kg}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[European Cadets Wrestling Championships|European Cadets Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|2018 Skopje|57 kg}}
}}
'''Irina Rîngaci''' (born 23 August 2001) is a [[Moldova]]n [[Freestyle wrestling|freestyle wrestler]]. She won the gold medal in the women's 65 kg event at the [[2021 World Wrestling Championships]] in Oslo, Norway.<ref name="uww_results_book_world_wrestling_championships_2021">{{Cite web |title=2021 World Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-10/results_10_oslo.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016114828/https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-10/results_10_oslo.pdf |archive-date=16 October 2021 |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> She is the first female wrestler representing Moldova to [[List of World Championships medalists in wrestling (women)|win a gold medal]] at the World Wrestling Championships. Rîngaci is also a five-time medalist, including two gold medals, at the [[European Wrestling Championships]]. She represented Moldova at the [[2024 Summer Olympics]] in Paris, France.
== Career ==
Rîngaci finished in 4th place in the [[Wrestling at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' freestyle 57 kg|girls' 57{{nbsp}}kg]] event at the [[2018 Summer Youth Olympics]] held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. In 2019, she won one of the bronze medals in the 62{{nbsp}}kg event at the [[2019 World U23 Wrestling Championship|World U23 Wrestling Championship]] held in Budapest, Hungary.<ref name="results_book_world_u23_championships_2019">{{Cite web |title=2019 World U23 Wrestling Championship |url=https://unitedworldwrestling.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/u23_senior_world_championships_final-book.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228051956/https://unitedworldwrestling.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/u23_senior_world_championships_final-book.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2019 |access-date=8 August 2020 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref>
Rîngaci won the silver medal in the [[2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup – Women's freestyle 65 kg|women's 65{{nbsp}}kg]] event at the [[2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup]] held in Belgrade, Serbia.<ref name="russia_claim_title_final_day_women_action_individual_world_cup_2020">{{Cite news |last=Shefferd |first=Neil |date=16 December 2020 |title=Russia claim team title on final day of women's action at UWW Individual World Cup |work=InsideTheGames.biz |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1102093/russia-take-team-title-at-uww-world-cup |url-status=live |access-date=17 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217175619/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1102093/russia-take-team-title-at-uww-world-cup |archive-date=17 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="uww_individual_world_cup_results_book_2020">{{Cite web |title=2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup Results Book |url=https://unitedworldwrestling.org/sites/default/files/2020-12/2020-iwc-belgrade-final-book.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218212337/https://unitedworldwrestling.org/sites/default/files/2020-12/2020-iwc-belgrade-final-book.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2020 |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> In March 2021, she competed at the [[2021 European Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament|European Qualification Tournament]] in Budapest, Hungary hoping to qualify for the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in Tokyo, Japan.<ref name="european_olympic_qualifier_2021">{{Cite web |title=2021 European Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament Results Book |url=https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/final-book.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324185322/https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/final-book.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> In April 2021, Rîngaci won the gold medal in her event at the [[2021 European Wrestling Championships]] in Warsaw, Poland.<ref name="adelaine_maria_gray_wins_sixth_title_wrestling_world_championships_2021">{{Cite news |last=Burke |first=Patrick |date=6 October 2021 |title=Adelaine Maria Gray wins sixth title at Wrestling World Championships |work=[[Inside the Games|InsideTheGames.biz]] |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1113900/uww-world-championships-day-five |access-date=6 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="ukraine_bag_brace_of_women_golds_european_championships_2021">{{Cite news |last=Berkeley |first=Geoff |date=23 April 2021 |title=Ukraine bag brace of women's wrestling golds at European Championships |work=InsideTheGames.biz |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1107028/ukraine-golden-double-european-wrestling |access-date=23 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="uww_european_wrestling_championships_2021">{{Cite web |title=2021 European Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/2021_senior_european_championships.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425200427/https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/2021_senior_european_championships.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> In May 2021, Rîngaci failed to qualify for the Olympics at the [[2021 World Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament|World Olympic Qualification Tournament]] held in Sofia, Bulgaria.<ref name="uww_world_olympic_qualification_tournament_2021">{{Cite web |title=2021 World Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament Results Book |url=https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/world_og_qualifier_final_book.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509161754/https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/world_og_qualifier_final_book.pdf |archive-date=9 May 2021 |access-date=9 May 2021 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> Later that month, she won the gold medal in her event at the [[2021 European U23 Wrestling Championship|European U23 Wrestling Championship]] held in Skopje, North Macedonia.<ref name="european_u23_championships_results_book_2021">{{Cite web |title=2021 European U23 Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/final-book_u23_skopje.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523193250/https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/final-book_u23_skopje.pdf |archive-date=23 May 2021 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> At the [[2021 World Junior Wrestling Championships]] held in Ufa, Russia, she also won the gold medal in her event.<ref name="blades_sharp_win_earns_us_womens_team_title_uww_junior_world_championships_2021">{{Cite news |last=Iveson |first=Ali |date=20 August 2021 |title=Blades' sharp win earns US women's team title at UWW Junior World Championships |work=InsideTheGames.biz |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111887/us-blades-junior-win |access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="world_junior_wrestling_championships_results_book_2021">{{Cite web |title=2021 World Junior Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/results_08_ufa.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825072611/https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/results_08_ufa.pdf |archive-date=25 August 2021 |access-date=25 August 2021 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref>
In 2022, Rîngaci won the gold medal in the women's 68{{nbsp}}kg event at the [[2022 Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament|Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament]] held in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria.<ref name="dan_kolov_nikola_petrov_tournament_results_book_2022">{{Cite web |title=2022 Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament Results Book |url=https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-02/results_02_veliko_tarnovo.pdf?VersionId=RLQJ3tFveNdhoBRrAa_YmxBjhap46i5S |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313052955/https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-02/results_02_veliko_tarnovo.pdf?VersionId=RLQJ3tFveNdhoBRrAa_YmxBjhap46i5S |archive-date=13 March 2022 |access-date=15 March 2022 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> She also won the gold medal in the 68{{nbsp}}kg event at the [[2022 European U23 Wrestling Championship]] held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria.<ref name="european_u23_wrestling_championships_results_book_2022">{{Cite web |title=2022 European U23 Wrestling Championship Results Book |url=https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-03/final_book_for_2022_senior_u23_european_championship.pdf?VersionId=voRL2ShsCpsBN6qx8goiGqQsH0wDR_a5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315144534/https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-03/final_book_for_2022_senior_u23_european_championship.pdf?VersionId=voRL2ShsCpsBN6qx8goiGqQsH0wDR_a5 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |access-date=15 March 2022 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> In that same month, Rîngaci won the gold medal in the [[2022 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|68{{nbsp}}kg]] event at the [[2022 European Wrestling Championships|European Wrestling Championships]] held in Budapest, Hungary.<ref name="two_golds_apiece_moldova_turkey_2022">{{Cite news |last=Lloyd |first=Owen |date=31 March 2022 |title=Two golds apiece for Moldova and Turkey at European Wrestling Championships |work=[[Inside the Games|InsideTheGames.biz]] |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1121307/european-wrestling-championships-hungary |access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="results_book_european_wrestling_championships_2022">{{Cite web |title=2022 European Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-04/2022_senior_european_championships_official_results.pdf?VersionId=KEoKJnjfNdVsB13voNEJO9gMUHnyIlq0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403191311/https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-04/2022_senior_european_championships_official_results.pdf?VersionId=KEoKJnjfNdVsB13voNEJO9gMUHnyIlq0 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> She defeated [[Pauline Lecarpentier]] of France in her gold medal match. A few months later, she won the silver medal in her event at the [[Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2022]] held in Rome, Italy.<ref name="results_book_matteo_pellicone_ranking_series_2022">{{Cite web |title=Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2022 Results Book |url=https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-06/final-book-matteo_pellicone.pdf?VersionId=qzK3za9J0rNgcVjK8V3USdzHshFpyOIW |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194934/https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-06/final-book-matteo_pellicone.pdf?VersionId=qzK3za9J0rNgcVjK8V3USdzHshFpyOIW |archive-date=25 June 2022 |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref>
In September 2022, Rîngaci won one of the bronze medals in the [[2022 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|68{{nbsp}}kg]] event at the [[2022 World Wrestling Championships]] held in Belgrade, Serbia.<ref name="champion_resumes_title_success_2022">{{Cite news |last=Brennan |first=Eliott |date=15 September 2022 |title=Olympic champion Stock-Mensah resumes title success at World Wrestling Championships |work=InsideTheGames.biz |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1128098/stock-mensah-success-wrestling |access-date=17 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="results_book_world_wrestling_championships_2022">{{Cite web |title=2022 World Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-09/final-book-2022-senior-world-championships_compressed.pdf?VersionId=zoTz_Ra8zK5EkVhfrZuDG5THXf4.3ik. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918183512/https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-09/final-book-2022-senior-world-championships_compressed.pdf?VersionId=zoTz_Ra8zK5EkVhfrZuDG5THXf4.3ik. |archive-date=18 September 2022 |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> A month later, she also won one of the bronze medals in [[2022 U23 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|her event]] at the [[2022 U23 World Wrestling Championships]] held in Pontevedra, Spain.<ref name="wrestling_world_championships_u23_results_book_2022">{{Cite web |title=2022 U23 World Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-10/final-book-2022-u23_world_championships_0.pdf?VersionId=ULvdQi1j2falTsouZCHLVjHUfEvhszPO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025174035/https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2022-10/final-book-2022-u23_world_championships_0.pdf?VersionId=ULvdQi1j2falTsouZCHLVjHUfEvhszPO |archive-date=25 October 2022 |access-date=25 October 2022 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref>
Rîngaci won one of the bronze medals in the women's 68{{nbsp}}kg event at the [[2023 Grand Prix Zagreb Open]] held in Zagreb, Croatia. She also won one of the bronze medals in her event at the [[2023 European U23 Wrestling Championships]] held in Bucharest, Romania.<ref name="european_u23_championships_results_book_2023">{{Cite news |date=20 March 2023 |title=2023 European U23 Wrestling Championships Results Book |work=United World Wrestling |url=https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2023-03/final-book-uww-u23-european.pdf?VersionId=96QRu.lwdHmNAYu3iHBLNtS8qI_fpETU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320182026/https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2023-03/final-book-uww-u23-european.pdf?VersionId=96QRu.lwdHmNAYu3iHBLNtS8qI_fpETU |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=20 March 2023}}</ref> She won the silver medal in the [[2023 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65{{nbsp}}kg]] event at the [[2023 European Wrestling Championships]] held in Zagreb, Croatia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lloyd |first=Owen |date=21 April 2023 |title=Ukraine take golden double at European Wrestling Championships after day four disappointment |work=InsideTheGames.biz |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1136201/european-wrestling-championships |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="european_wrestling_championships_results_book_2023">{{Cite web |title=2023 European Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2023-04/final-book-senior-european-championships_.pdf?VersionId=C4X59O2RAfRiJyBB28sm1SXcoyTBDXpq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423200920/https://cdn.uww.org/s3fs-public/2023-04/final-book-senior-european-championships_.pdf?VersionId=C4X59O2RAfRiJyBB28sm1SXcoyTBDXpq |archive-date=23 April 2023 |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> In June 2023, Rîngaci lost to Russia's [[Khanum Velieva]] at Poddubny wrestling league 5 held in [[Vladikavkaz]], [[Russia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wrestliga.com/news/253 |title=15 россиян победили на PWL-5 WS |publisher=wrestliga.com |access-date=2023-07-30}}</ref>
Rîngaci won one of the bronze medals in the [[2023 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|women's 68{{nbsp}}kg]] event at the [[2023 World Wrestling Championships]] held in Belgrade, Serbia.<ref name="world_wrestling_championships_results_book_2023">{{Cite web |title=2023 World Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://d3u2kdyvfaxwhl.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/2023-09/final-book-2023-senior_world_championships_and_og_qualif.pdf?VersionId=Vw6R1se4WK.11kPw_YnsfzZdbwCSiIiI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104205225/https://d3u2kdyvfaxwhl.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/2023-09/final-book-2023-senior_world_championships_and_og_qualif.pdf?VersionId=Vw6R1se4WK.11kPw_YnsfzZdbwCSiIiI |archive-date=4 November 2023 |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> As a result, she earned a quota place for Moldova for the [[2024 Summer Olympics]] in Paris, France.<ref name="wrestling_qualification_system_olympic_games_2024">{{Cite web |title=Qualification System – Games of the XXXIII Olympiad – Paris 2024 – Wrestling |url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Paris-2024/Paris2024-QS-Wrestling.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113060500/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Paris-2024/Paris2024-QS-Wrestling.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2024 |access-date=11 April 2024 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> She defeated [[Ami Ishii]] of Japan in her bronze medal match.<ref name="world_wrestling_championships_results_book_2023"/>
Rîngaci won one of the bronze medals in the [[2024 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65{{nbsp}}kg]] event at the [[2024 European Wrestling Championships]] held in Bucharest, Romania.<ref name="bucharest_day_five_2024">{{Cite news |last=Khalatyan |first=Rafael |date=17 February 2024 |title=Bucharest 2024 Day 5: Ukraine wins team title in women's wrestling |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1143810/ukraine-wins-team-title-in-womens-europe |access-date=22 February 2024 |work=InsideTheGames.biz}}</ref><ref name="european_wrestling_championships_results_book_2024">{{Cite web |title=2024 European Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://d3u2kdyvfaxwhl.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/2024-02/results_02_bucharest.pdf?VersionId=XkE2ZnjNmXYzWNF1si8_Od9HuEOhuMrM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219213412/https://d3u2kdyvfaxwhl.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/2024-02/results_02_bucharest.pdf?VersionId=XkE2ZnjNmXYzWNF1si8_Od9HuEOhuMrM |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> She defeated [[Kadriye Aksoy]] of Turkey in her bronze medal match.<ref name="european_wrestling_championships_results_book_2024"/> At the 2024 Summer Olympics, she competed in the [[Wrestling at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 68 kg|women's 68{{nbsp}}kg]] event.<ref name="wrestling_results_book_summer_olympics_2024">{{Cite web |title=Wrestling Results Book |url=https://olympics.com/OG2024/pdf/OG2024/WRE/OG2024_WRE_B99_WRE-------------------------------.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811181048/https://olympics.com/OG2024/pdf/OG2024/WRE/OG2024_WRE_B99_WRE-------------------------------.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2024 |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=2024 Summer Olympics}}</ref> She was eliminated in her first match by Pak Sol-gum of North Korea.<ref name="wrestling_results_book_summer_olympics_2024"/>
In 2025, Rîngaci won the silver medal in the [[2025 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|65{{nbsp}}kg]] event at the [[2025 European Wrestling Championships|European Wrestling Championships]] held in Bratislava, Slovakia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khalatyan |first=Rafael |date=15 April 2025 |title=Ukraine's dominance, Greece's historic gold |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1152858/womens-wrestling-european-championships |access-date=21 April 2025 |work=InsideTheGames.biz}}</ref><ref name="european_wrestling_championships_results_book_2025">{{Cite web |title=2025 European Wrestling Championships Results Book |url=https://cdn.uww.org/2025-04/final-book-senior_european_championships.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414180503/https://cdn.uww.org/2025-04/final-book-senior_european_championships.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2025 |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref>
== Achievements ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!Year
!Tournament
!Location
!Result
!Event
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2021
|[[2021 European Wrestling Championships|European Championships]]
|Warsaw, Poland
|align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st
|[[2021 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|Freestyle 65{{nbsp}}kg]]
|-
|[[2021 World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]]
|Oslo, Norway
|align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st
|[[2021 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|Freestyle 65{{nbsp}}kg]]
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2022
|[[2022 European Wrestling Championships|European Championships]]
|Budapest, Hungary
|align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st
|[[2022 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|Freestyle 68{{nbsp}}kg]]
|-
|[[2022 World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]]
|Belgrade, Serbia
|align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd
|[[2022 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|Freestyle 68{{nbsp}}kg]]
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2023
|[[2023 European Wrestling Championships|European Championships]]
|Zagreb, Croatia
|align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd
|[[2023 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|Freestyle 65{{nbsp}}kg]]
|-
|[[2023 World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]]
|Belgrade, Serbia
|align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd
|[[2023 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg|Freestyle 68{{nbsp}}kg]]
|-
|2024
|[[2024 European Wrestling Championships|European Championships]]
|Bucharest, Romania
|align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd
|[[2024 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|Freestyle 65{{nbsp}}kg]]
|-
|2025
|[[2025 European Wrestling Championships|European Championships]]
|Bratislava, Slovakia
|align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd
|[[2025 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 65 kg|Freestyle 65{{nbsp}}kg]]
|}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{commonscat}}
* {{UWW|ringaci-irina}}
* {{sports links}}
* [https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/irina-ringaci_1572207 Irina Rîngaci] at the [[Paris 2024 Summer Olympics]]
* [https://olympic.md/irina-ringaci-paris-2024/ Irina Rîngaci | Paris 2024] at [[Team Moldova]] {{in lang|ro}}
* {{Instagram}}
{{World Champions freestyle wrestling women's super middleweight}}
{{European Champions freestyle wrestling women's super middleweight}}
{{European Champions freestyle wrestling women's light heavyweight}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ringaci, Irina}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Moldovan female sport wrestlers]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics]]
[[Category:European Wrestling Championships medalists]]
[[Category:World Wrestling Championships medalists]]
[[Category:World Wrestling Champions]]
[[Category:European Wrestling Champions]]
[[Category:21st-century Moldovan sportswomen]]
[[Category:Olympic wrestlers for Moldova]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
| 1,301,458,594
|
[{"title": "Personal information", "data": {"Born": "23 August 2001 \u00b7 Leova, Moldova", "Height": "167 cm (5 ft 6 in) (2024)", "Weight": "68 kg (150 lb) (2024)"}}, {"title": "Sport", "data": {"Country": "Moldova", "Sport": "Amateur wrestling", "Weight class": "- 65 kg - 68 kg", "Rank": "International master of sports in freestyle wrestling", "Event": "Women's freestyle", "Coached by": "Petru Chiperi, Andrei Chiperi"}}, {"title": "World Championships", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": "2021 Oslo \u00b7 65 kg", "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": ["2022 Belgrade \u00b7 68 kg", "2023 Belgrade \u00b7 68 kg"]}}, {"title": "European Championships", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["2021 Warsaw \u00b7 65 kg", "2022 Budapest \u00b7 68 kg"], "Silver medal \u2013 second place": ["2023 Zagreb \u00b7 65 kg", "2025 Bratislava \u00b7 65 kg"], "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": "2024 Bucharest \u00b7 65 kg"}}, {"title": "Individual World Cup", "data": {"Silver medal \u2013 second place": "2020 Belgrade \u00b7 65 kg"}}, {"title": "Dan Kolov & Nikola Petrov Tournament", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": "2022 Veliko Tarnovo \u00b7 68 kg"}}, {"title": "Grand Prix", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["2022 Bucharest \u00b7 68 kg", "2023 Budapest \u00b7 65 kg"], "Silver medal \u2013 second place": ["2020 Warsaw \u00b7 65 kg", "2021 Kiev \u00b7 65 kg", "2022 Rome \u00b7 68 kg", "2025 Tirana \u00b7 65 kg", "2025 Budapest \u00b7 65 kg"], "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": "2023 Zagreb \u00b7 68 kg"}}, {"title": "World U23 Championships", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["2023 Tirana \u00b7 65 kg", "2024 Tirana \u00b7 65 kg"], "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": ["2019 Budapest \u00b7 62 kg", "2022 Pontevedra \u00b7 68 kg"]}}, {"title": "European U23 Championships", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["2021 Skopje \u00b7 65 kg", "2022 Plovdiv \u00b7 68 kg", "2024 Baku \u00b7 65 kg"], "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": "2023 Bucharest \u00b7 68 kg"}}, {"title": "World Juniors Championships", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": "2021 Ufa \u00b7 65 kg"}}, {"title": "European Juniors Championships", "data": {"Silver medal \u2013 second place": "2019 Pontevedra \u00b7 62 kg"}}, {"title": "World Cadets Championships", "data": {"Bronze medal \u2013 third place": "2018 Zagreb \u00b7 57 kg"}}, {"title": "European Cadets Championships", "data": {"Silver medal \u2013 second place": "2018 Skopje \u00b7 57 kg"}}]
| false
|
# Oxyderces viridipes
Oxyderces viridipes is a species of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae. This species is endemic to Colombia, commonly found in Medellín and surrounding areas, but has been incidentally collected in the United States.
## Taxonomy
Oxyderces viridipes was described for the first time by Carl Henrik Boheman in 1840, page 179, under the genus Platyomus. It belongs to the subfamily Entiminae, tribe Eustylini.
The taxonomic status of the species requires verification, since it can be easily confused with the genus Compsus.
The holotype for Oxyderces viridipes is housed at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (NHRS-JLKB000022891; identified as Compsus viridipes).
## Description
The original diagnosis, in Latin, offered by Boheman is as follows:
Oblongus, niger, squamulis laete virescentibus tectus, capite rostroque
cupreo-squamosis; fronte foveolata, rostro medio utrinque impresso;
thorace oblongo, dorso late parum profunde impresso, rude minus
crebre rugoso; elytris dorso depressis, sat profunde punctato-striatis,
interstitiis alternis modice elevatis, sutura late albo-squamosis, apice
ipso mucronatis, pedibus squamulis viridi-nitidis tectis.— Boheman, Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familae species novae., p. 179
According to this diagnosis, the species can be recognized by the following features: dense cover of green scales; head and rostrum with cupreous scales; frons with a fovea, rostrum medially depressed; pronotum slightly depressed medially, coarsely rugose; elytra dorsally flattened, with moderately marked elytral punctures, with alternate interstriae moderately elevated, sutural region covered by white scales and apices projected; legs covered by shiny green scales.
## Distribution
Oxyderces viridipes is endemic to Colombia. The type locality is Antioquia and there are plenty of records in iNaturalist from Medellín and surrounding municipalities.
The species has been both, intercepted at ports of entry and recorded in iNaturalist from the United States.
|
enwiki/69525739
|
enwiki
| 69,525,739
|
Oxyderces viridipes
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyderces_viridipes
|
2024-02-14T20:05:41Z
|
en
|
Q110144278
| 46,099
|
{{Short description|Species of weevil}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Oxyderces_viridipes.jpg
| image_caption = Dorsal view of ''Oxyderces viridipes''
| genus = Oxyderces
| species = viridipes
| authority = [[Carl Henrik Boheman|Boheman]], 1840
| synonyms = {{Specieslist |Platyomus viridipes}}
{{Specieslist |Compsus viridipes}}
{{Specieslist |Plococompsus viridipes}}
}}
'''''Oxyderces viridipes''''' is a species of [[Entiminae|broad-nosed weevils]] in the family [[Curculionidae]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Wibmer|first1=G. J.|last2=O’Brien|first2=C. W.|date=1986|title=Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)|journal=Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute|volume=39|pages=1–563}}</ref> This species is [[endemic]] to [[Colombia]],<ref name=":0" /> commonly found in [[Medellín]] and surrounding areas,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Oxyderces viridipes|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/869547-Oxyderces-viridipes|access-date=2021-12-16|website=iNaturalist|language=en}}</ref> but has been incidentally collected in the [[United States]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" />
== Taxonomy ==
'''''Oxyderces viridipes''''' was described for the first time by [[Carl Henrik Boheman]] in 1840, page 179, under the genus ''[[Platyomus]].''<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last1=Schoenherr|first1=C. J.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/5060|title=Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familae species novae|last2=Boheman|first2=C. H.|last3=Fåhraeus|first3=Olof Immanuel|last4=Gyllenhal|first4=L.|date=1833|publisher=Roret|location=Paris|pages=474}}</ref> It belongs to the subfamily [[Entiminae]], tribe [[Eustylini]].
The taxonomic status of the species requires verification, since it can be easily confused with the genus ''[[Compsus]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Girón|first1=J. C.|last2=Chamorro|first2=M. L.|date=2020-09-07|title=Variability and distribution of the golden-headed weevil Compsus auricephalus (Say) (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Eustylini)|journal=Biodiversity Data Journal|language=en|volume=8|pages=e55474|doi=10.3897/BDJ.8.e55474|issn=1314-2828|pmc=7365837|pmid=32733144 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
The holotype for '''''Oxyderces viridipes''''' is housed at the [[Swedish Museum of Natural History]] (NHRS-JLKB000022891; identified as ''Compsus viridipes'').<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Search portal fornatural history collections in Sweden|url=https://naturarv.nrm.se/}}</ref>
== Description ==
The original diagnosis, in [[Latin]], offered by [[Carl Henrik Boheman|Boheman]] is as follows:<ref name=":4"/>
{{Blockquote|text=Oblongus, niger, squamulis laete virescentibus tectus, capite rostroque
cupreo-squamosis; fronte foveolata, rostro medio utrinque impresso;
thorace oblongo, dorso late parum profunde impresso, rude minus
crebre rugoso; elytris dorso depressis, sat profunde punctato-striatis,
interstitiis alternis modice elevatis, sutura late albo-squamosis, apice
ipso mucronatis, pedibus squamulis viridi-nitidis tectis.|author=Boheman|title=Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familae species novae.|source=p. 179}}According to this diagnosis, the species can be recognized by the following features: dense cover of green scales; head and [[Rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]] with cupreous scales; frons with a fovea, rostrum medially depressed; [[Prothorax|pronotum]] slightly depressed medially, coarsely rugose; [[Elytron|elytra]] dorsally flattened, with moderately marked elytral punctures, with alternate interstriae moderately elevated, sutural region covered by white scales and apices projected; legs covered by shiny green scales.
== Distribution ==
'''''Oxyderces viridipes''''' is endemic to [[Colombia]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last1=Alonso-Zarazaga|first1=M. A.|url=https://weevil.myspecies.info/sites/weevil.info/files/Alonso-Zarazaga%20%26%20Lyal,%201999_World%20Catalogue%20%28searchable%29.pdf|title=A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) excluding Scolytidae and Platypodidae|last2=Lyal|first2=C. H. C.|publisher=Entomopraxis|year=1999|location=Barcelona, Spain|pages=315 pp}}</ref> The type locality is [[Antioquia Department|Antioquia]]<ref name=":4" /> and there are plenty of records in [https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/869547-Oxyderces-viridipes iNaturalist] from [[Medellín]] and surrounding municipalities.
The species has been both, intercepted at ports of entry and recorded in [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=1&subview=map&taxon_id=869547 iNaturalist] from the [[United States]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q110144278}}
[[Category:Entiminae]]
[[Category:Arthropods of Colombia]]
[[Category:Beetles of South America]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Colombia]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1840]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Henrik Boheman]]
| 1,207,424,353
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Coleoptera", "Suborder": "Polyphaga", "Infraorder": "Cucujiformia", "Family": "Curculionidae", "Genus": "Oxyderces", "Species": "O. viridipes"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Oxyderces viridipes \u00b7 Boheman, 1840"}}, {"title": "Synonyms", "data": {"Synonyms": "- Platyomus viridipes - Compsus viridipes - Plococompsus viridipes"}}]
| false
|
# GRP All-Star Big Band
The GRP All-Star Big Band was a contemporary big band assembled in the late 1980s by Dave Grusin and Larry Rosen, the founders of GRP Records. The band played new arrangements of popular jazz pieces from the 1950s and 1960s.
Its albums GRP All-Star Big Band and Dave Grusin Presents GRP All-Star Big Band Live! were nominated for Grammys, and its album All Blues won the 1995 Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album.
## Band members
- Randy Brecker – trumpet
- Chuck Findley – trumpet
- Sal Marquez – trumpet
- Arturo Sandoval – trumpet
- Byron Stripling – trumpet
- George Bohanon – trombone
- Timmy Capello – saxophone
- Eric Marienthal – first alto saxophone
- Nelson Rangell – second alto saxophone
- Bob Mintzer – first tenor saxophone
- Ernie Watts – second tenor saxophone
- Tom Scott – baritone saxophone
- Phillip Bent – flute
- Dave Valentin – flute
- Eddie Daniels – clarinet
- David Benoit – piano
- Chick Corea – piano
- Russell Ferrante – piano
- Dave Grusin – piano
- Kenny Kirkland – piano
- Ramsey Lewis – piano
- Gary Burton – vibraphone
- Lee Ritenour – guitar
- John Patitucci – double bass
- Dave Weckl – drum set
- Carlos Vega - drums
- Alex Acuña – percussion
- Larry Williams - keyboards, sax
## Discography
- Dave Grusin Presents GRP All-Stars Live in Japan (1980)
- GRP All-Star Big Band (1992)
- Dave Grusin Presents GRP All-Star Big Band Live! (1993)
- All Blues (1995)
|
enwiki/14479212
|
enwiki
| 14,479,212
|
GRP All-Star Big Band
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRP_All-Star_Big_Band
|
2025-04-12T06:17:29Z
|
en
|
Q5514493
| 36,972
|
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
The '''GRP All-Star Big Band''' was a contemporary big band assembled in the late 1980s by [[Dave Grusin]] and [[Larry Rosen (producer)|Larry Rosen]], the founders of [[GRP Records]]. The band played new arrangements of popular jazz pieces from the 1950s and 1960s.<ref>{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p173953/biography}}</ref>
Its albums ''[[GRP All-Star Big Band (album)|GRP All-Star Big Band]]'' and ''[[Dave Grusin Presents GRP All-Star Big Band Live!]]'' were nominated for [[Grammy Award|Grammys]], and its album ''[[All Blues (GRP All-Star Big Band album)|All Blues]]'' won the 1995 [[Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tom Scott|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/tom-scott|date=2019-11-19|website=GRAMMY.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>
==Band members==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Randy Brecker]] – trumpet
* [[Chuck Findley]] – trumpet
* Sal Marquez – trumpet
* [[Arturo Sandoval]] – trumpet
* [[Byron Stripling]] – trumpet
* [[George Bohanon]] – [[trombone]]
* Timmy Capello – saxophone
* [[Eric Marienthal]] – first alto saxophone
* [[Nelson Rangell]] – second alto saxophone
* [[Bob Mintzer]] – first tenor saxophone
* [[Ernie Watts]] – second tenor saxophone
* [[Tom Scott (saxophonist)|Tom Scott]] – baritone saxophone
* [[Phillip Bent]] – flute
* [[Dave Valentin]] – flute
* [[Eddie Daniels]] – clarinet
* [[David Benoit (musician)|David Benoit]] – [[piano]]
* [[Chick Corea]] – piano
* [[Russell Ferrante]] – piano
* [[Dave Grusin]] – piano
* [[Kenny Kirkland]] – piano
* [[Ramsey Lewis]] – piano
* [[Gary Burton]] – [[vibraphone]]
* [[Lee Ritenour]] – guitar
* [[John Patitucci]] – [[double bass]]
* [[Dave Weckl]] – [[drum set]]
* [[Carlos Vega]] - [[drums]]
* [[Alex Acuña]] – percussion
* [[Larry Williams (jazz musician)|Larry Williams]] - keyboards, sax
{{div col end}}
==Discography==
* ''Dave Grusin Presents GRP All-Stars Live in Japan'' (1980)
* ''[[GRP All-Star Big Band (album)|GRP All-Star Big Band]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Dave Grusin Presents GRP All-Star Big Band Live!]]'' (1993)
* ''[[All Blues (GRP All-Star Big Band album)|All Blues]]'' (1995)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{Discogs artist|3532543-The-GRP-All-Stars}}
{{Tom Scott (saxophonist)}}
{{Randy Brecker}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grp All-Star Big Band}}
[[Category:1980s establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1990s disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:American jazz ensembles]]
[[Category:Big bands]]
[[Category:GRP Records artists]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in the 1990s]]
| 1,285,192,195
|
[{"title": "Tom Scott", "data": {"Albums": "The Honeysuckle Breeze (1967) Rural Still Life (1968) Tom Scott and The L.A. Express (1974) New York Connection (1975) Blow It Out (1977) Desire (1982)", "Related articles": "The Blues Brothers L.A. Express GRP All-Star Big Band"}}, {"title": "Randy Brecker", "data": {"Studio albums": "Score (1969) Amanda (with Eliane Elias , 1985) Into the Sun (1995) 34th N Lex (2002) Randy in Brasil (2006) Night in Calisia (2011)", "Live albums": "Some Skunk Funk (with Michael Brecker , 2003)", "Related articles": "Brecker Brothers Blood, Sweat & Tears The Eleventh House Parliament Dreams GRP All-Star Big Band"}}]
| false
|
# Hanging with Wolves
"Hanging with Wolves" is a song by American rapper Lil Durk, released on December 9, 2022 as the second single from his and record label Only the Family's collaborative compilation album Loyal Bros 2 (2022). It was produced by Chopsquad DJ, DecayOnTheBeat, J Kari and Nile Waves.
## Content
Lyrically, Lil Durk raps about life in the streets and its pitfalls.
## Music video
A music video for the song was released alongside the single. It sees Lil Durk "wreaking havoc with his crew".
## Charts
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| --------------------------------------------- | ------------- |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 45 |
|
enwiki/72657878
|
enwiki
| 72,657,878
|
Hanging with Wolves
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_with_Wolves
|
2024-08-13T08:54:57Z
|
en
|
Q116244823
| 47,059
|
{{short description|2022 single by Lil Durk}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Hanging with Wolves
| cover = Lil Durk - Hanging with Wolves.jpg
| type = single
| artist = [[Lil Durk]]
| album = [[Loyal Bros 2]]
| released = December 9, 2022
| recorded =
| genre =
* [[Drill music|Drill]]
| length = 3:25
| label =
* [[Only the Family]]
* [[Empire Distribution|Empire]]
| writer =
* [[Lil Durk|Durk Banks]]
* Darrel Jackson
* Williams Goldberg
| producer = Chopsquad DJ
| prev_title = [[Twin (song)|Twin]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[Leave the Club]]
| next_year = 2023
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|CnT6NRiTz9M|"Hanging with Wolves"}}}}
}}
"'''Hanging with Wolves'''" is a song by American rapper [[Lil Durk]], released on December 9, 2022 as the second single from his and record label [[Only the Family]]'s collaborative compilation album ''[[Loyal Bros 2]]'' (2022). It was produced by Chopsquad DJ, DecayOnTheBeat, J Kari and Nile Waves.
==Content==
Lyrically, Lil Durk raps about life in the streets and its pitfalls.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Powell |first1=Jon |title=Lil Durk is "Hanging With Wolves" in latest visual |url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2022-12-09/260722/lil-durk-hanging-with-wolves-video/ |website=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]] |access-date=3 January 2023 |date=December 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hynes |first1=Hayley |title=Lil Durk's New Single Finds Him "Hanging With Wolves" |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/609088-lil-durks-new-single-finds-him-hanging-with-wolves |website=[[HotNewHipHop]] |access-date=3 January 2023 |date=December 9, 2022}}</ref>
==Music video==
A music video for the song was released alongside the single. It sees Lil Durk "wreaking havoc with his crew".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Callas |first1=Brad |title=Lil Durk Drops New Song and Video "Hanging with Wolves," Announces OTF Compilation 'Loyal Bros 2' |url=https://www.complex.com/music/lil-durk-hanging-with-wolves-video |website=[[Complex Networks|Complex]] |access-date=3 January 2023 |date=December 9, 2022}}</ref>
==Charts==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Chart performance for "Hanging with Wolves"
! scope="col"| Chart (2022)
! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
|-
{{single chart|Billboardbubbling100|3|artist=Lil Durk|rowheader=true|access-date=January 3, 2023}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardrandbhiphop|45|artist=Lil Durk|rowheader=true|access-date=January 3, 2023}}
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Lil Durk}}
[[Category:2022 singles]]
[[Category:2022 songs]]
[[Category:Lil Durk songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Lil Durk]]
[[Category:Empire Distribution singles]]
| 1,240,062,137
|
[{"title": "from the album Loyal Bros 2", "data": {"Released": "December 9, 2022", "Genre": "Drill", "Length": "3:25", "Label": "Only the Family Empire", "Songwriter(s)": "Durk Banks Darrel Jackson Williams Goldberg", "Producer(s)": "Chopsquad DJ"}}, {"title": "Lil Durk singles chronology", "data": {"\"Twin\" \u00b7 (2022)": "\"Hanging with Wolves\" \u00b7 (2022) \u00b7 \"Leave the Club\" \u00b7 (2023)"}}, {"title": "Music video", "data": {"Music video": "\"Hanging with Wolves\" on YouTube"}}, {"title": "Lil Durk", "data": {"Studio albums": "Remember My Name (2015) Lil Durk 2X (2016) Signed to the Streets 3 (2018) Love Songs 4 the Streets 2 (2019) Just Cause Y'all Waited 2 (2020) The Voice (2020) 7220 (2022) Almost Healed (2023) Deep Thoughts (2025)", "Collaborative albums": "The Voice of the Heroes (with Lil Baby ) (2021)", "Compilation albums": "Family over Everything (with Only the Family ) (2019) Loyal Bros (with Only the Family ) (2021) Loyal Bros 2 (with Only the Family ) (2022) Nightmares in the Trenches (with Only the Family ) (2023)", "Mixtapes": "Life Ain't No Joke (2012) Signed to the Streets (2013) Signed to the Streets 2 (2014) They Forgot (2016) Bloodas (with Tee Grizzley ) (2017) Just Cause Y'all Waited (2018)", "Singles": "\" Like Me \" \" My Beyonc\u00e9 \" \" Extravagant \" \" 3 Headed Goat \" \" The Voice \" \" Stay Down \" \" Backdoor \" \" Voice of the Heroes \" \" Pissed Me Off \" \" Lion Eyes \" \" Broadway Girls \" \" Ahhh Ha \" \" Golden Child \" \" Computer Murderers \" \" Hot Shit \" \" Hanging with Wolves \" \" All My Life \" \" Pelle Coat \" \" Stand by Me \" \" F*ck U Thought \" \" Hellcats SRTs 2 \" \" Smurk Carter \" \" Old Days \" \" We Uh Shoot \" \" Turn Up a Notch \" \" Monitoring Me \"", "Featured singles": "\" Crazy Story 2.0 \" \" Heart on Ice \" (Remix) \" All These Niggas \" \" Laugh Now Cry Later \" \" U 2 Luv \" (Remix) \" Back in Blood \" \" Pain Away \" \" No More Parties \" (Remix) \" Go Crazy \" (Remix) \" Every Chance I Get \" \" 24 Hours \" \" Sharing Locations \" \" Who Want Smoke?? \" \" Rumors \" \" Twin \" \" Leave the Club \" \" Vultures \"", "Other songs": "\" Still Trappin' \" \" No Time \" \" Already Won \" \" Hats Off \" \" Jonah \" \" In the Bible \" \" Chronicles \" \" What Happened to Virgil \" \" Mad Max \" \" War Bout It \" \" Cross the Globe \" \" Stand by Me \" \" Dangerous \"", "Related articles": "Only the Family"}}]
| false
|
# The Lights
The Lights are an independent rock band from Seattle, WA formed in 1998. They mainly tour in the Pacific Northwest, especially in and around Seattle. Their last national tour was their West Coast tour in the fall of 2006. They made KEXP's Top 90.3 of 2006 and were the winners of The Stranger's 2004 "Best Band in Seattle" contest. Guitarist and vocalist Craig Chambers also plays guitar for Love Tan. Drummer PJ Rogalski also plays for Unnatural Helpers. Local Seattle newspaper The Stranger called them "one of this city's top eclectic-sounding talents."
## Members
- Craig Chambers – vocals, guitar
- PJ Rogalski – drums
- Jeff Albertson – bass, vocals
## Discography
- The Lights (EP) (Spring 2003)
- Beautiful Bird (CD) (Summer 2003) Bop Tart Records
- Wood and Wire (EP) (2004) Childstar Records
- Suge Knight Sweetheart (7" Single) (2005) Childstar Records
- Diamonds and Dirt[3] (2006) CD Wantage USA and LP [the Swingline]
- Failed Graves (2010) LP Wantage USA
|
enwiki/8727639
|
enwiki
| 8,727,639
|
The Lights
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lights
|
2025-04-13T09:03:32Z
|
en
|
Q7747328
| 22,196
|
{{about||the article about the TV show|The 'Lights}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
| name = The Lights
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = group_or_band
| alias =
| origin = [[Seattle]], WA
| genre = [[Alternative rock]]
| years_active = 1998–present
| label = [[Wantage USA]]
| associated_acts =
| website =
| current_members = Craig Chambers<br />PJ Rogalski<br />Jeff Albertson
| past_members =
}}
'''The Lights''' are an [[independent rock]] band from [[Seattle]], WA formed in 1998.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-124131872.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125112513/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-124131872.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 25, 2013|title=THE LIGHTS.(What's Happening)|last=Asher |first=Tizzy|date=June 8, 2007|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer |accessdate=26 May 2012}}</ref> They mainly tour in the Pacific Northwest, especially in and around Seattle. Their last national tour was their West Coast tour in the fall of 2006. They made [[KEXP]]'s Top 90.3 of 2006 and were the winners of ''[[The Stranger (newspaper)|The Stranger]]''{{'}}s 2004 "Best Band in Seattle" contest. Guitarist and vocalist Craig Chambers also plays guitar for [[Love Tan (band)|Love Tan]]. Drummer PJ Rogalski also plays for [[Unnatural Helpers]]. Local Seattle newspaper ''The Stranger'' called them "one of this city's top eclectic-sounding talents."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-582110591.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610205659/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-582110591.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 10, 2014|title=The Lights at the End of the Tunnel; Seattle Post-Punk Pathfinders|last=Anonymous|date=September 17, 2003 |work=The Stranger|accessdate=26 May 2012}}</ref>
==Members==
* Craig Chambers – [[Singing|vocals]], [[guitar]]
* PJ Rogalski – [[Drum kit|drums]]
* Jeff Albertson – [[Bass guitar|bass]], [[Singing|vocals]]
==Discography==
* The Lights (EP) (Spring 2003)
* Beautiful Bird (CD) (Summer 2003) Bop Tart Records
* Wood and Wire (EP) (2004) Childstar Records
* Suge Knight Sweetheart (7" Single) (2005) Childstar Records
* [[Diamonds and Dirt (The Lights album)|Diamonds and Dirt]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1151298121.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011214735/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1151298121.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 11, 2014|title=ROCKA ROLLA (reviews)|last=Levin|first=Hannah|date=September 28, 2006|work=The Stranger |accessdate=26 May 2012}}</ref> (2006) CD Wantage USA and LP [the Swingline]
* Failed Graves (2010) LP Wantage USA
==References==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-lights-p403123/biography The Lights] at [[Allmusic]]
==External links==
* [http://www.myspace.com/thelights The Lights Myspace page]
* [http://www.thelightsrock.com/ The Lights Official Website]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lights}}
[[Category:Alternative rock groups from Washington (state)]]
| 1,285,367,810
|
[{"title": "The Lights", "data": {"Origin": "Seattle, WA", "Genres": "Alternative rock", "Years active": "1998\u2013present", "Labels": "Wantage USA"}}]
| false
|
# Roak Block
The Roak Block is an historic commercial-industrial building at 144-170 Main Street in Auburn, Maine. Built in 1871-72 as a combined commercial and industrial space, this Second Empire style block was at that time the largest commercial building in the entire state. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
## Description and history
The Roak Block stands on the east side of Auburn's commercial Main Street, near its junction with Mechanics Row. It is a long 3-1/2 story masonry building, built of brick and stone, with a mansard roof, studded with dormers, providing a full fourth floor in the attic level. The building is 36 bays long, divided into nine sections of four bays. On the ground floor, each section houses a retail storefront except the center one, which provides access to the main building lobby. The storefronts typically consist of display windows flanking a recessed entry. Second floor windows are set in round-arch openings with stone keystones and shoulders, with a narrow stringcourse acting as a sill. The third floor windows have segmented-arch openings, but are otherwise similar. The dormers on the steep roof section have shallow gabled roofs, with drip moulding around the windows.
The block was built in 1871-72 to a design by the Lewiston firm of Stevens and Coombs, for Jacob Roak, a shoe manufacturer and leading businessman in the city. At the time of its construction, it was the largest building of its type erected in the state. The upper levels of the building were designed as spaces for incubating businesses related to shoe manufacturing, where small businesses could work until they were successful enough to require larger quarters. The building was used in this fashion for 90 years. Its upper floors have been converted for use as senior housing.
|
enwiki/17418061
|
enwiki
| 17,418,061
|
Roak Block
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roak_Block
|
2025-07-20T10:35:46Z
|
en
|
Q7339706
| 55,804
|
{{Use American English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Roak Block
| nrhp_type =
| image = Roak Block, Auburn ME.jpg
| image_size = 200
| caption = Roak Block
| location = 144-170 Main St., [[Auburn, Maine]]
| coordinates = {{coord|44|5|44|N|70|13|30|W|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = Maine#USA
| area =
| built = {{start date|1871}}
| architect = [[William H. Stevens]]
| builder = Norton & Edwards
| architecture = Second Empire
| added = January 28, 1982
| refnum = 82000738
<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
}}
The '''Roak Block''' is an historic commercial-industrial building at 144-170 Main Street in [[Auburn, Maine]]. Built in 1871-72 as a combined commercial and industrial space, this [[Second Empire style]] block was at that time the largest commercial building in the entire state. It was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1982.<ref name="nris"/>
==Description and history==
The Roak Block stands on the east side of Auburn's commercial Main Street, near its junction with Mechanics Row. It is a long 3-1/2 story masonry building, built of brick and stone, with a [[mansard roof]], studded with dormers, providing a full fourth floor in the attic level. The building is 36 bays long, divided into nine sections of four bays. On the ground floor, each section houses a retail storefront except the center one, which provides access to the main building lobby. The storefronts typically consist of display windows flanking a recessed entry. Second floor windows are set in round-arch openings with stone keystones and shoulders, with a narrow stringcourse acting as a sill. The third floor windows have segmented-arch openings, but are otherwise similar. The dormers on the steep roof section have shallow gabled roofs, with drip moulding around the windows.<ref name=NRHP>{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|82000738}}|title=NRHP nomination for Roak Block|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2016-06-03}}</ref>
The block was built in 1871-72 to a design by the [[Lewiston, Maine|Lewiston]] firm of Stevens and Coombs, for Jacob Roak, a shoe manufacturer and leading businessman in the city. At the time of its construction, it was the largest building of its type erected in the state. The upper levels of the building were designed as spaces for incubating businesses related to shoe manufacturing, where small businesses could work until they were successful enough to require larger quarters. The building was used in this fashion for 90 years. Its upper floors have been converted for use as senior housing.<ref name=NRHP/>
==See also==
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Androscoggin County, Maine]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{National Register of Historic Places}}
[[Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine]]
[[Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Auburn, Maine]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Androscoggin County, Maine]]
| 1,301,538,058
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"Location": "144-170 Main St., Auburn, Maine", "Coordinates": "44\u00b05\u203244\u2033N 70\u00b013\u203230\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff44.09556\u00b0N 70.22500\u00b0W", "Built": "1871", "Built by": "Norton & Edwards", "Architect": "William H. Stevens", "Architectural style": "Second Empire", "NRHP reference No.": "82000738", "Added to NRHP": "January 28, 1982"}}]
| false
|
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