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A 23-month-old male patient with a 20-day clinical picture of upper respiratory symptoms such as hyaline rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction, mild odynophagia and coryza, which subsided spontaneously but with the appearance and persistence of asthenia, adynamia and intermittent febrile peaks of up to 39C°. She was admitted to the emergency department for the appearance of visible multiple lymphadenopathies, predominantly cervical. Five days before admission he presented marked hyporexia and progressive asthenia and adynamia. He was hospitalised on suspicion of mononucleoside syndrome and on the second day developed sudden right peripheral facial paralysis, for which he was referred to the Otorhinolaryngology department. This was a previously healthy patient with no known pathological history; his relatives denied any history of otitis, otological disease or otic symptoms before or during the current illness. The father reported contact with ticks and deer in Mesitas del Colegio -rural area of Cundinamarca- one month prior to the consultation. On physical examination on admission he was tachycardic, febrile, with House-Brackmann VI right facial paralysis, bilateral otoscopy with opaque hypomobile opaque membranes with erythema, without inflammatory retroauricular signs. No visceromegaly and the rest within normal limits. The paraclinical report showed rapid tests for: EBV negative, CMG negative, Toxoplasma IgG negative. The haemogram showed: leukocytes (19000), neutrophils (54%), CRP (165) and normal CSF. It was decided to perform an ear CT scan which showed hypertrophy of the tympanic and mastoid cavity mucosa due to soft tissue density material without other apparent alterations, auditory evoked potentials with bilateral conductive hypoacusis responses to 35db, so electroneuronography was performed which reported a total absence of right NC VII response on the fourth day after the onset of facial paralysis. With suspicion of Lyme disease, IV ceftriaxone at 100mg/kg/day and prednisolone at 1mg/kg/day were started. Due to the clinical history, she presented physical examination with complete facial paralysis and electroneuronography with evidence of denervation greater than 98%, on the seventh day it was decided to perform an upward wall mastoidectomy with decompression of the second and third facial nerve and placement of an ipsilateral ventilation tube. Intraoperatively, the mastoid mucosa and tympanic cavity were found to be severely diseased with no purulent content. Satisfactory decompression was achieved and samples were sent for pathology and culture. The patient had a favourable evolution: febrile episodes ceased within 24 hours of surgery, there was a noticeable improvement in general condition with return of appetite, on the fifth postoperative day there was a slight improvement in the pattern of facial mobility given by slight movement of the labial commissure and, subsequently, by the eleventh day, complete ocular closure. Borrelia IgG was positive in 38 dilutions (normal value <5) and the patient was discharged on completion of 14 days of inpatient treatment with electromyography showing 5-10% recovery of buccal branch innervation and subsequently on outpatient control. After 15 days the patient showed marked clinical improvement House-Brackmann III-IV/VI. Three months after the onset of the condition, the patient presented complete ocular closure, movement of the lower third with asymmetry only at maximum effort and the onset of frontal mobilisation.
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en
Anamnesis A 75-year-old man with a history of Paget's disease, gastric ulcer, upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to duodenal perforation managed with conservative treatment about 5 months before the current episode and bilateral hypoacusis, who came to the emergency department with binocular diplopia in extreme gaze in both directions of horizontal gaze, greater in distant vision, at first fluctuating, accompanied by a subjective sensation of dizziness. Given that the first examination showed sustained diplopia in lateral gaze (after about 30 seconds of fixation) with no other clinical, analytical or CT scan alterations, ocular myasthenia was suspected, and treatment was started with pyridostigmine with review in Neuromuscular consultations. Over the following 15 days, the patient presented a progressive worsening of diplopia, also associated with dysarthria, gait instability, nystagmus and, finally, disorientation, for which he returned to the Emergency Department and was admitted to the Neurology ward. During the period of worsening, a cranial MRI was performed at a private centre and was reported as normal. The patient had no fever or other accompanying systemic symptoms. Of note, the patient reported vomiting, probably related to contact with an agricultural antifungal drug in the days prior to the onset of symptoms. Physical examination Afebrile, blood pressure and heart rate normal. General examination without relevant alterations. Neurological examination. Higher functions: conscious, alert during the examination, although tending to somnolence; attentive, cooperative, bradypsychic, with fluent, coherent, well-articulated language, with good articulation, nominative, calculating, partially disorientated in time, oriented in space, normal, recent remote memory and preserved learning capacity (remembers two out of three, three out of three with semantic clues), abstraction, judgement and reasoning slightly altered, no apraxia. Cranial nerves: II: FO without alterations; normal confrontation campimetry. III-IV-VI: severe restriction for dextroversion and levoversion of conjugate gaze, greater in OI; mild restriction for infraversion of conjugate gaze, greater in OI; moderate restriction for supraversion of gaze, greater in OD. Bilateral nystagmus, with rapid phase towards the direction of gaze. No reports of diplopia. V: sensory and motor without alterations. VII: no facial paresis. Lower cranial nerves preserved. Motor: 5/5 strength by muscle groups in all four limbs. REM: upper limbs present and symmetrical (++/++++); bilateral patellar areflexia; hypoactive Achilles reflexes present (+/++++). CPR: bilateral flexor. Sensibility: thermoalgesic hypoaesthesia in lower limbs, rest normal. Cerebellum: no dysmetria or dysdiadochokinesia. Gait: gait ataxia with increased base of support and impossible tandem. Extrapyramidal: mild postural action tremor. Complementary tests - Laboratory tests: complete blood count, biochemistry, coagulation, thyroid profile, lipid profile, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin D, PTH, autoimmunity, RF, complement and tumour markers were normal. - Lumbar puncture: normal outflow pressure and cytobiochemistry. - Microbiology: negative serology for HIV, syphilis, Borrelia and Brucella. Study of bacteria and mycobacteria in CSF negative. - ECG: no alterations. - Cranial CT scan: chronic lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia, with no other significant alterations for the patient's age. - Cranial MRI: T2 and FLAIR sequences show signal hyperintensity affecting the mesencephalic tectum region and surrounding the periaqueductal grey matter. There is also involvement of the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus, both fornices, as well as the medial region of both thalami, on both sides of the third ventricle and focal areas of uptake surrounding the periaqueductal grey matter, the bilateral thalamus and in the region of the mammillary bodies. Diagnosis Clinical impression: a 75-year-old man with a history of gastric ulcer and duodenal perforation who, after a mild intoxication by agricultural antifungals, with vomiting and anorexia, presented with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, nystagmus, hyporeflexia and confusion, rapidly progressive over 20 days. Analytical and microbiological studies of blood and CSF showed no data of interest, while cranial MRI showed a lesion pattern suggestive of thiamine deficiency encephalopathy. Clinical judgement: Wernicke's encephalopathy secondary to malabsorption at the duodenal level, triggered by antifungal intoxication. Treatment Treatment was started with thiamine at a dose of 500 mg intravenous every 8 hours for 3 days, 500 mg intravenous daily for the next 4 days and then 300 mg daily orally. Evolution Following treatment, the patient showed progressive improvement, with mild inattention, bilateral nystagmus and difficulty in tandem gait at discharge.
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"cytobiochemistry", ".", "-", "Microbiology", ":", "negative", "serology", "for", "HIV", ",", "syphilis", ",", "Borrelia", "and", "Brucella", ".", "Study", "of", "bacteria", "and", "mycobacteria", "in", "CSF", "negative", ".", "-", "ECG", ":", "no", "alterations", ".", "-", "Cranial", "CT", "scan", ":", "chronic", "lacunar", "infarcts", "in", "the", "basal", "ganglia", ",", "with", "no", "other", "significant", "alterations", "for", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "age", ".", "-", "Cranial", "MRI", ":", "T2", "and", "FLAIR", "sequences", "show", "signal", "hyperintensity", "affecting", "the", "mesencephalic", "tectum", "region", "and", "surrounding", "the", "periaqueductal", "grey", "matter", ".", "There", "is", "also", "involvement", "of", "the", "mammillary", "bodies", "of", "the", "hypothalamus", ",", "both", "fornices", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "medial", "region", "of", "both", "thalami", ",", "on", "both", "sides", "of", "the", "third", "ventricle", "and", "focal", "areas", "of", "uptake", "surrounding", "the", "periaqueductal", "grey", "matter", ",", "the", "bilateral", "thalamus", "and", "in", "the", "region", "of", "the", "mammillary", "bodies", ".", "Diagnosis", "Clinical", "impression", ":", "a", "75-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "history", "of", "gastric", "ulcer", "and", "duodenal", "perforation", "who", ",", "after", "a", "mild", "intoxication", "by", "agricultural", "antifungals", ",", "with", "vomiting", "and", "anorexia", ",", "presented", "with", "ophthalmoplegia", ",", "ataxia", ",", "nystagmus", ",", "hyporeflexia", "and", "confusion", ",", "rapidly", "progressive", "over", "20", "days", ".", "Analytical", "and", "microbiological", "studies", "of", "blood", "and", "CSF", "showed", "no", "data", "of", "interest", ",", "while", "cranial", "MRI", "showed", "a", "lesion", "pattern", "suggestive", "of", "thiamine", "deficiency", "encephalopathy", ".", "Clinical", "judgement", ":", "Wernicke", "'", "s", "encephalopathy", "secondary", "to", "malabsorption", "at", "the", "duodenal", "level", ",", "triggered", "by", "antifungal", "intoxication", ".", "Treatment", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "thiamine", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "500", "mg", "intravenous", "every", "8", "hours", "for", "3", "days", ",", "500", "mg", "intravenous", "daily", "for", "the", "next", "4", "days", "and", "then", "300", "mg", "daily", "orally", ".", "Evolution", "Following", "treatment", ",", "the", "patient", "showed", "progressive", "improvement", ",", "with", "mild", "inattention", ",", "bilateral", "nystagmus", "and", "difficulty", "in", "tandem", "gait", "at", "discharge", "." ]
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en
1. Patient's problem A 52 year old female patient came to the clinic because of swollen gums and dental mobility. She smoked 2 cigarettes/day (in the first 10 years of smoking she smoked 20 cigarettes/day). She was diagnosed and treated for breast cancer 10 years ago. She currently reports controlled hypertension. She takes daily medication with an anti-estrogen (Tamoxifen 20 mg) and a beta-blocker (Atenolol 50 mg). She has received numerous restorative dental treatments and has absent teeth. She has a family history of periodontal disease. 2. Diagnosis Clinical inspection revealed a thick biotype with erythematous and oedematous gingival margins and generalised recession. A plaque index (PI) of 83 % and a bleeding index (BI) of 78.67 % were quantified. Probing depths (PS) of 7-15 mm in the four sextants. On radiographic examination he reported generalised moderate horizontal bone loss with severe vertical bone defects located in several teeth. Microbiological analysis indicated high loads of T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis and T. denticola. At the dental level, a fractured restoration was noted in 4.5 and a vertical fracture in 2.5, as well as the absence of multiple teeth in posterior sextants. He reported a posterior bite collapse, bruxism, fremitus type II in 1.2, as well as dental interferences. He was diagnosed with advanced chronic generalised periodontitis (Stage III generalised, Grade C) and periodontitis associated with endodontic lesion at 1.4 (combined periodontal endodontic lesion). There were clinical and radiographic signs indicating the presence of secondary occlusal trauma. 3. Aim of treatment In view of the patient's reason for consultation, the main objective was to restore the patient's oral health. Also, a treatment objective was the replacement of missing teeth in order to improve her masticatory function. 4. Modifying factors The main aetiological factor of periodontitis in this patient is bacterial biofilm. The time and amount of exposure to smoking can be considered one of the risk factors in the development of periodontal disease. Dental malocclusion and malposition, secondary occlusal trauma and other local factors such as open contacts, root proximity and anatomical concavities are contributing factors to the development of periodontal disease. 5. Prognosis A prognosis of unreasonable to treat was obtained for 1.7, 1.4, 1.2, 4.8 and 2.5; doubtful for 1.1, 2.3, 2.6, 3.7, 3.1, 3.2 and 4.5; and a good prognosis for the remaining teeth. 6. Treatment plan 6.1 Systemic phase First of all, the patient was motivated to stop smoking and to monitor her hypertension in coordination with her general practitioner. 6.2 Periodontal hygiene phase Oral hygiene instructions were given and supragingival hygiene was performed. RAR of the four quadrants was performed, together with administration of Metronidazole 500 mg every 8 hours for seven days starting after the last RAR session. In addition, 0.12 % chlorhexidine rinses were recommended for 15 days. Selective occlusal adjustments were carried out and an upper discharge splint was provided. Root canal treatment was performed on tooth 1.4. 6.3 Revaluation At periodontal revaluation a PI of 27 % and an IS of 16 % was recorded. A reduction in PS was obtained across the board, with residual periodontal pockets of 4 to 11 mm still present. The patient was re-instructed in oral hygiene habits. Another RAR session was performed before starting the surgical phase. 6.4 Periodontal surgical phase The planning of the surgical phase was: - Periodontal regeneration of 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1 and extraction of 1.7. - Extraction of 4.8. - Guided tissue regeneration in 2.3 and 2.4 and alveolar preservation in 2.5. The periodontogram of the 2nd and 3rd sextants shows pockets of 4 to 8 mm. Papilla and intrasulcular preservation incisions were made vestibular and palatal from 1.1 to 2.6 and distal rectangular to distal wedge of 2.6. A full thickness flap was raised and tooth 2.5 was extracted, removing all granulation tissue in the area. The socket was filled with mineralised allograft and a collagen membrane was placed. Subsequently, the infraosseous defects were filled with enamel matrix-derived proteins in combination with a mineralised allograft. Sutures were made with polytetrafluoroethylene using an internal vertical mattress and single stitches. - Periodontal regeneration in 3.1 and 3.2. The teeth were splinted lingually. The periodontogram of the 5th sextant shows periodontal pockets of 4 to 12 mm. The initial surgical approach consisted of a modified papilla preservation, a full thickness vestibular and lingual flap detachment and removal of granulation tissue (Figure 9). The infrabony defects were filled with a combination of enamel matrix-derived proteins (Emdogain®) and a mineralised allograft. Sutures were made with 6/0 polypropylene with modified internal vertical mattress pads and single stitches. 6.5 Revaluation (II) At 6 months after the last periodontal regeneration surgery a complete periodontogram was performed, showing stability and clinical improvement of the periodontal tissues. In each of the regenerative surgeries, a reduction in PS was observed at the expense of a remarkable attachment gain, as well as a remarkable radiographic bone filling. 6.6 Rehabilitation phase The patient was rehabilitated by the placement of dental implants in positions 2.5, 3.6, 4.5 y 4.6. 7. Maintenance The periodontal risk assessment of the patient indicated a high risk, advising an interval of maintenance visits every 3 months. At two years follow-up, together with regular maintenance, clinical and radiographic stability of the patient's periodontal status can be observed.
[ "1", ".", "Patient", "'", "s", "problem", "A", "52", "year", "old", "female", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "clinic", "because", "of", "swollen", "gums", "and", "dental", "mobility", ".", "She", "smoked", "2", "cigarettes", "/", "day", "(", "in", "the", "first", "10", "years", "of", "smoking", "she", "smoked", "20", "cigarettes", "/", "day", ")", ".", "She", "was", "diagnosed", "and", "treated", "for", "breast", "cancer", "10", "years", "ago", ".", "She", "currently", "reports", "controlled", "hypertension", ".", "She", "takes", "daily", "medication", "with", "an", "anti-estrogen", "(", "Tamoxifen", "20", "mg", ")", "and", "a", "beta-blocker", "(", "Atenolol", "50", "mg", ")", ".", "She", "has", "received", "numerous", "restorative", "dental", "treatments", "and", "has", "absent", "teeth", ".", "She", "has", "a", "family", "history", "of", "periodontal", "disease", ".", "2", ".", "Diagnosis", "Clinical", "inspection", "revealed", "a", "thick", "biotype", "with", "erythematous", "and", "oedematous", "gingival", "margins", "and", "generalised", "recession", ".", "A", "plaque", "index", "(", "PI", ")", "of", "83", "%", "and", "a", "bleeding", "index", "(", "BI", ")", "of", "78", ".", "67", "%", "were", "quantified", ".", "Probing", "depths", "(", "PS", ")", "of", "7-15", "mm", "in", "the", "four", "sextants", ".", "On", "radiographic", "examination", "he", "reported", "generalised", "moderate", "horizontal", "bone", "loss", "with", "severe", "vertical", "bone", "defects", "located", "in", "several", "teeth", ".", "Microbiological", "analysis", "indicated", "high", "loads", "of", "T", ".", "forsythia", ",", "F", ".", "nucleatum", ",", "P", ".", "gingivalis", "and", "T", ".", "denticola", ".", "At", "the", "dental", "level", ",", "a", "fractured", "restoration", "was", "noted", "in", "4", ".", "5", "and", "a", "vertical", "fracture", "in", "2", ".", "5", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "absence", "of", "multiple", "teeth", "in", "posterior", "sextants", ".", "He", "reported", "a", "posterior", "bite", "collapse", ",", "bruxism", ",", "fremitus", "type", "II", "in", "1", ".", "2", ",", "as", "well", "as", "dental", "interferences", ".", "He", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "advanced", "chronic", "generalised", "periodontitis", "(", "Stage", "III", "generalised", ",", "Grade", "C", ")", "and", "periodontitis", "associated", "with", "endodontic", "lesion", "at", "1", ".", "4", "(", "combined", "periodontal", "endodontic", "lesion", ")", ".", "There", "were", "clinical", "and", "radiographic", "signs", "indicating", "the", "presence", "of", "secondary", "occlusal", "trauma", ".", "3", ".", "Aim", "of", "treatment", "In", "view", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "reason", "for", "consultation", ",", "the", "main", "objective", "was", "to", "restore", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "oral", "health", ".", "Also", ",", "a", "treatment", "objective", "was", "the", "replacement", "of", "missing", "teeth", "in", "order", "to", "improve", "her", "masticatory", "function", ".", "4", ".", "Modifying", "factors", "The", "main", "aetiological", "factor", "of", "periodontitis", "in", "this", "patient", "is", "bacterial", "biofilm", ".", "The", "time", "and", "amount", "of", "exposure", "to", "smoking", "can", "be", "considered", "one", "of", "the", "risk", "factors", "in", "the", "development", "of", "periodontal", "disease", ".", "Dental", "malocclusion", "and", "malposition", ",", "secondary", "occlusal", "trauma", "and", "other", "local", "factors", "such", "as", "open", "contacts", ",", "root", "proximity", "and", "anatomical", "concavities", "are", "contributing", "factors", "to", "the", "development", "of", "periodontal", "disease", ".", "5", ".", "Prognosis", "A", "prognosis", "of", "unreasonable", "to", "treat", "was", "obtained", "for", "1", ".", "7", ",", "1", ".", "4", ",", "1", ".", "2", ",", "4", ".", "8", "and", "2", ".", "5", ";", "doubtful", "for", "1", ".", "1", ",", "2", ".", "3", ",", "2", ".", "6", ",", "3", ".", "7", ",", "3", ".", "1", ",", "3", ".", "2", "and", "4", ".", "5", ";", "and", "a", "good", "prognosis", "for", "the", "remaining", "teeth", ".", "6", ".", "Treatment", "plan", "6", ".", "1", "Systemic", "phase", "First", "of", "all", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "motivated", "to", "stop", "smoking", "and", "to", "monitor", "her", "hypertension", "in", "coordination", "with", "her", "general", "practitioner", ".", "6", ".", "2", "Periodontal", "hygiene", "phase", "Oral", "hygiene", "instructions", "were", "given", "and", "supragingival", "hygiene", "was", "performed", ".", "RAR", "of", "the", "four", "quadrants", "was", "performed", ",", "together", "with", "administration", "of", "Metronidazole", "500", "mg", "every", "8", "hours", "for", "seven", "days", "starting", "after", "the", "last", "RAR", "session", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "0", ".", "12", "%", "chlorhexidine", "rinses", "were", "recommended", "for", "15", "days", ".", "Selective", "occlusal", "adjustments", "were", "carried", "out", "and", "an", "upper", "discharge", "splint", "was", "provided", ".", "Root", "canal", "treatment", "was", "performed", "on", "tooth", "1", ".", "4", ".", "6", ".", "3", "Revaluation", "At", "periodontal", "revaluation", "a", "PI", "of", "27", "%", "and", "an", "IS", "of", "16", "%", "was", "recorded", ".", "A", "reduction", "in", "PS", "was", "obtained", "across", "the", "board", ",", "with", "residual", "periodontal", "pockets", "of", "4", "to", "11", "mm", "still", "present", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "re-instructed", "in", "oral", "hygiene", "habits", ".", "Another", "RAR", "session", "was", "performed", "before", "starting", "the", "surgical", "phase", ".", "6", ".", "4", "Periodontal", "surgical", "phase", "The", "planning", "of", "the", "surgical", "phase", "was", ":", "-", "Periodontal", "regeneration", "of", "1", ".", "4", ",", "1", ".", "3", ",", "1", ".", "2", ",", "1", ".", "1", "and", "extraction", "of", "1", ".", "7", ".", "-", "Extraction", "of", "4", ".", "8", ".", "-", "Guided", "tissue", "regeneration", "in", "2", ".", "3", "and", "2", ".", "4", "and", "alveolar", "preservation", "in", "2", ".", "5", ".", "The", "periodontogram", "of", "the", "2nd", "and", "3rd", "sextants", "shows", "pockets", "of", "4", "to", "8", "mm", ".", "Papilla", "and", "intrasulcular", "preservation", "incisions", "were", "made", "vestibular", "and", "palatal", "from", "1", ".", "1", "to", "2", ".", "6", "and", "distal", "rectangular", "to", "distal", "wedge", "of", "2", ".", "6", ".", "A", "full", "thickness", "flap", "was", "raised", "and", "tooth", "2", ".", "5", "was", "extracted", ",", "removing", "all", "granulation", "tissue", "in", "the", "area", ".", "The", "socket", "was", "filled", "with", "mineralised", "allograft", "and", "a", "collagen", "membrane", "was", "placed", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "the", "infraosseous", "defects", "were", "filled", "with", "enamel", "matrix-derived", "proteins", "in", "combination", "with", "a", "mineralised", "allograft", ".", "Sutures", "were", "made", "with", "polytetrafluoroethylene", "using", "an", "internal", "vertical", "mattress", "and", "single", "stitches", ".", "-", "Periodontal", "regeneration", "in", "3", ".", "1", "and", "3", ".", "2", ".", "The", "teeth", "were", "splinted", "lingually", ".", "The", "periodontogram", "of", "the", "5th", "sextant", "shows", "periodontal", "pockets", "of", "4", "to", "12", "mm", ".", "The", "initial", "surgical", "approach", "consisted", "of", "a", "modified", "papilla", "preservation", ",", "a", "full", "thickness", "vestibular", "and", "lingual", "flap", "detachment", "and", "removal", "of", "granulation", "tissue", "(", "Figure", "9", ")", ".", "The", "infrabony", "defects", "were", "filled", "with", "a", "combination", "of", "enamel", "matrix-derived", "proteins", "(", "Emdogain", "®", ")", "and", "a", "mineralised", "allograft", ".", "Sutures", "were", "made", "with", "6", "/", "0", "polypropylene", "with", "modified", "internal", "vertical", 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A 64 year old man was transferred to the Internal Medicine Department from the Cardiology Department due to a fever of over 38.3°C, of more than 3 weeks' evolution with no source of origin after 5 weeks of studies. On admission, the patient was being treated with gliclazide (1-1-1) and acarbose (1-1-1) to control type 2 diabetes mellitus, Atorvastatin (0-0-20 mg) to control hypercholesterolemia, quinapril (5 mg-0-5 mg) to control arterial hypertension and, finally, acetylsalicylic acid (0-150 mg-0) for vascular accident prophylaxis. In addition to these pathologies, the patient had severe aortic valve stenosis together with moderate aortic insufficiency, which required valve replacement with Mitroflow bioprosthesis no. 23 in March of the year of admission. When the patient was admitted to the Cardiology Department, a five-week febrile condition was detected in a patient with a prosthetic valve; a transesophageal echocardiography ruled out the presence of endocarditis or functional valvular alterations, and empirical intravenous treatment with Vancomycin was started (given the existence of a prosthetic valve despite not clearly demonstrating vegetation), improving until the patient was asymptomatic and afebrile on discharge from Cardiology a week later. During discharge, the patient underwent periodic body temperature checks, and 4 weeks later a new elevation was detected, which led him to our hospital and he was admitted for the second time to the Cardiology Department, where endocarditis was again ruled out by transesophageal echocardiography, and he was transferred to the Internal Medicine Department, with a diagnosis of Classical fever of unknown origin to be studied. After admission, fever of over 38.3°C, with peaks of up to 39°C, blood pressure of 150/70 mm of mercury, and a heart rate of 104 beats per minute were confirmed. On physical examination the patient was normal colour and normal depth, cardiac auscultation showed no murmurs, pulmonary auscultation showed preserved vesicular murmur with no evidence of rhonchi, crackles or wheezing; the abdomen was not painful and there was no evidence of splenomegaly; ENT examination showed no evidence of infectious foci; neurological examination showed no evidence of meningismus, strength or sensitivity deficit, or alteration of cranial nerves or osteotendinous reflexes; the examination also showed no evidence of lymphadenopathy. Complementary tests were performed for the study of fever of unknown origin according to protocol7 with a haemogram showing 14,000 leukocytes (70% neutrophils and 5% cayates) and 1371 g/dl haemoglobin. Biochemistry showed normal renal and hepatic function with normal glycaemia. A peripheral blood smear was performed which confirmed the haemogram data with no other pathological findings. Chest X-ray showed no pathological findings or changes with respect to previous admissions. A paranasal sinus X-ray showed hypoplasia of the left frontal sinus. The transesophageal echocardiogram showed no evidence of endocarditis, abscesses or fistulas, together with a normofunctioning aortic prosthesis. Subsequently, a Ga67 scintigraphy was performed, with no tracer deposits in the thoracoabdominal region. To complete the study of fever of unknown origin, tumour markers (alpha-fetoprotein, CEA-II, Ca 19.9n Ca 125II, BR 27.29, total PSA, Ca 15.3, specific neutrophil enolase, Ca 72. 4) which were normal and the study of immunological markers (ENA antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, ASLO, anti-DNA antibodies, ANCA, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, antimitochondrial antibodies, ANA and LKM) which were negative. On admission, blood cultures were taken after taking body temperature above 37.5 °C, and all four were positive for Leuconostoc spp. and the antibiogram showed sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tobramycin, antibiotherapy that was started from that moment onwards. Due to the existence of the bioprosthesis, the patient was treated for 8 weeks as if it were endocarditis, despite there being no evident lesions on transesophageal echocardiography. Periodic check-ups were carried out for 1 year after discharge without any febrile or clinical findings that would lead to any new suspicion of complications or valve complications.
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"colour", "and", "normal", "depth", ",", "cardiac", "auscultation", "showed", "no", "murmurs", ",", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "showed", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "rhonchi", ",", "crackles", "or", "wheezing", ";", "the", "abdomen", "was", "not", "painful", "and", "there", "was", "no", "evidence", "of", "splenomegaly", ";", "ENT", "examination", "showed", "no", "evidence", "of", "infectious", "foci", ";", "neurological", "examination", "showed", "no", "evidence", "of", "meningismus", ",", "strength", "or", "sensitivity", "deficit", ",", "or", "alteration", "of", "cranial", "nerves", "or", "osteotendinous", "reflexes", ";", "the", "examination", "also", "showed", "no", "evidence", "of", "lymphadenopathy", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "were", "performed", "for", "the", "study", "of", "fever", "of", "unknown", "origin", "according", "to", "protocol7", "with", "a", "haemogram", "showing", "14", ",", "000", "leukocytes", "(", "70", "%", 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"showed", "sensitivity", "to", "amoxicillin-clavulanic", "acid", "and", "tobramycin", ",", "antibiotherapy", "that", "was", "started", "from", "that", "moment", "onwards", ".", "Due", "to", "the", "existence", "of", "the", "bioprosthesis", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "treated", "for", "8", "weeks", "as", "if", "it", "were", "endocarditis", ",", "despite", "there", "being", "no", "evident", "lesions", "on", "transesophageal", "echocardiography", ".", "Periodic", "check-ups", "were", "carried", "out", "for", "1", "year", "after", "discharge", "without", "any", "febrile", "or", "clinical", "findings", "that", "would", "lead", "to", "any", "new", "suspicion", "of", "complications", "or", "valve", "complications", "." ]
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en
The patient is a 6-month-old girl, born at term, previously healthy and with a complete vaccination schedule, who was brought to the paediatric emergency department with fever, dizziness and refusal of breastfeeding of one day's duration. She had no cough, congestion or rhinorrhoea. Examination showed a girl with dizziness, a temperature of 38.8°C and no focal signs of infection. Laboratory tests included a rapid influenza smear and a catheter-based urinalysis; all results were negative. He was diagnosed with a viral infection. On day 2 of fever, he presented with a rash with erythematous patches, apparently non-pruritic. He returned to the emergency department on day 4 of fever with persistent exanthema. Although he still had no cough, he appeared to have mild congestion. Vital signs were: temperature 38.3°C, sinus tachycardia (200 bpm) and tachypnoea with an oxygen saturation of 100%. Examination revealed irritability, conjunctivitis without limbal involvement and dry, cracked lips. There was no lymphadenopathy and the extremities were normal. There was mild subcostal retraction, but respiratory sounds were normal. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis with left shift, normocytic anaemia, normal thrombocytes, clearly elevated C-reactive protein (13.3 mg/dL) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate 118 mm/h. He had hyponatraemia (sodium 133 mEq/L) and hypoalbuminaemia (albumin 2.8 g/dL), with all other values normal, including liver function tests. Respiratory pathogen testing by RT-PCR and blood cultures were negative. A chest X-ray showed a mild opacity in the left medial area. During this period of illness she had no contact with other sick people. His 9-year-old brother had had upper respiratory tract respiratory symptoms 3 weeks earlier. The family had been self-confined because of the COVID-19 pandemic for the previous week, not going out for school or work. There was no history of recent travel. The patient was referred for admission and evaluation for possible Kawasaki. Given her fever, possible mild congestion and radiological findings, she was transferred to the emergency department for COVID-19 testing prior to admission to the paediatric ward. On admission, the patient had a 5-day fever, conjunctivitis without limbal involvement, prominent taste buds, polymorphic pale maculopapular exanthema and swelling of the hands and lower extremities, manifestations consistent with classic Kawasaki disease criteria. He was treated with a single dose of 2 g/kg i.v. immunoglobulin and a high dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA 20 mg/kg four times daily) according to the treatment protocol. His last temperature just after completing the administration of IV IG was 38.3°C. An echocardiogram was normal, with no evidence of coronary dilatation or aneurysm or pericardial effusion, and normal valvular and ventricular activity. The night before discharge, the RT-PCR test for COVID-19 was positive, performed at the Stanford Clinical Virology Laboratory. The public health department was notified and the family was instructed to quarantine for 14 days from the date of the positive test. The patient was discharged on low-dose ASA (3 mg/kg per day) and followed by the paediatric cardiology service for echocardiographic evaluation two weeks after discharge, scheduled after the mandatory 14-day quarantine.
[ "", "The", "patient", "is", "a", "6-month-old", "girl", ",", "born", "at", "term", ",", "previously", "healthy", "and", "with", "a", "complete", "vaccination", "schedule", ",", "who", "was", "brought", "to", "the", "paediatric", "emergency", "department", "with", "fever", ",", "dizziness", "and", "refusal", "of", "breastfeeding", "of", "one", "day", "'", "s", "duration", ".", "She", "had", "no", "cough", ",", "congestion", "or", "rhinorrhoea", ".", "Examination", "showed", "a", "girl", "with", "dizziness", ",", "a", "temperature", "of", "38", ".", "8", "°", "C", "and", "no", "focal", "signs", "of", "infection", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "included", "a", "rapid", "influenza", "smear", "and", "a", "catheter-based", "urinalysis", ";", "all", "results", "were", "negative", ".", "He", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "a", "viral", "infection", ".", "On", "day", "2", "of", "fever", ",", "he", "presented", "with", "a", "rash", "with", "erythematous", "patches", ",", "apparently", "non-pruritic", ".", "He", "returned", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "on", "day", "4", "of", "fever", "with", "persistent", "exanthema", ".", "Although", "he", "still", "had", "no", "cough", ",", "he", "appeared", "to", "have", "mild", "congestion", ".", "Vital", "signs", "were", ":", "temperature", "38", ".", "3", "°", "C", ",", "sinus", "tachycardia", "(", "200", "bpm", ")", "and", "tachypnoea", "with", "an", "oxygen", "saturation", "of", "100", "%", ".", "Examination", "revealed", "irritability", ",", "conjunctivitis", "without", "limbal", "involvement", "and", "dry", ",", "cracked", "lips", ".", "There", "was", "no", "lymphadenopathy", "and", "the", "extremities", "were", "normal", ".", "There", "was", "mild", "subcostal", "retraction", ",", "but", "respiratory", "sounds", "were", "normal", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "revealed", "leukocytosis", "with", "left", "shift", ",", "normocytic", "anaemia", ",", "normal", "thrombocytes", ",", "clearly", "elevated", "C-reactive", "protein", "(", "13", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dL", ")", "and", "erythrocyte", "sedimentation", "rate", "118", "mm", "/", "h", ".", "He", "had", "hyponatraemia", "(", "sodium", "133", "mEq", "/", "L", ")", "and", "hypoalbuminaemia", "(", "albumin", "2", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dL", ")", ",", "with", "all", "other", "values", "normal", ",", "including", "liver", "function", "tests", ".", "Respiratory", "pathogen", "testing", "by", "RT-PCR", "and", "blood", "cultures", "were", "negative", ".", "A", "chest", "X-ray", "showed", "a", "mild", "opacity", "in", "the", "left", "medial", "area", ".", "During", "this", "period", "of", "illness", "she", "had", "no", "contact", "with", "other", "sick", "people", ".", "His", "9-year-old", "brother", "had", "had", "upper", "respiratory", "tract", "respiratory", "symptoms", "3", "weeks", "earlier", ".", "The", "family", "had", "been", "self-confined", "because", "of", "the", "COVID-19", "pandemic", "for", "the", "previous", "week", ",", "not", "going", "out", "for", "school", "or", "work", ".", "There", "was", "no", "history", "of", "recent", "travel", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "referred", "for", "admission", "and", "evaluation", "for", "possible", "Kawasaki", ".", "Given", "her", "fever", ",", "possible", "mild", "congestion", "and", "radiological", "findings", ",", "she", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "COVID-19", "testing", "prior", "to", "admission", "to", "the", "paediatric", "ward", ".", "On", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "a", "5-day", "fever", ",", "conjunctivitis", "without", "limbal", "involvement", ",", "prominent", "taste", "buds", ",", "polymorphic", "pale", "maculopapular", "exanthema", "and", "swelling", "of", "the", "hands", "and", "lower", "extremities", ",", "manifestations", "consistent", "with", "classic", "Kawasaki", "disease", "criteria", ".", "He", "was", "treated", "with", "a", "single", "dose", "of", "2", "g", "/", "kg", "i", ".", "v", ".", "immunoglobulin", "and", "a", "high", "dose", "of", "acetylsalicylic", "acid", "(", "ASA", "20", "mg", "/", "kg", "four", "times", "daily", ")", "according", "to", "the", "treatment", "protocol", ".", "His", "last", "temperature", "just", "after", "completing", "the", "administration", "of", "IV", "IG", "was", "38", ".", "3", "°", "C", ".", "An", "echocardiogram", "was", "normal", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "coronary", "dilatation", "or", "aneurysm", "or", "pericardial", "effusion", ",", "and", "normal", "valvular", "and", "ventricular", "activity", ".", "The", "night", "before", "discharge", ",", "the", "RT-PCR", "test", "for", "COVID-19", "was", "positive", ",", "performed", "at", "the", "Stanford", "Clinical", "Virology", "Laboratory", ".", "The", "public", "health", "department", "was", "notified", "and", "the", "family", "was", "instructed", "to", "quarantine", "for", "14", "days", "from", "the", "date", "of", "the", "positive", "test", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "discharged", "on", "low-dose", "ASA", "(", "3", "mg", "/", "kg", "per", "day", ")", "and", "followed", "by", "the", "paediatric", "cardiology", "service", "for", "echocardiographic", "evaluation", "two", "weeks", "after", "discharge", ",", "scheduled", "after", "the", "mandatory", "14-day", "quarantine", "." ]
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en
A 55-year-old woman, with no past history of interest, presented in the last 10 days with maculo-papular exanthema, non-pruritic, associated with polyarthritis; 5 days later she began with fever up to 39oC, occipital headache and cervicalgia associated with photophobia, myodesopsia and loss of visual acuity, starting with genital pain and odynophagia secondary to the appearance of aphthous lesions both at genital and oral level. The patient reported contact with a patient with chickenpox, although she reported having had the infection in adolescence. Examination revealed nuchal rigidity in the last degrees of flexion, and polyarthritis in the lower limbs, with the rest of the examination being unremarkable. He was admitted to Internal Medicine with suspicion of complicated chickenpox. The examination revealed nuchal rigidity in the last degrees of flexion, as well as polyarthritis in the lower limbs, with the rest of the examination being unremarkable. A lumbar puncture was performed which revealed acute lymphocytic meningitis, so a sample was sent to microbiology, requesting PCR for viruses, which were negative. In the analysis, serology was determined to be positive for CMV IgG and VVZ IgG, the rest being negative, as well as autoimmunity, with positive HLA B51. A genital biopsy was performed and reported as "chronic and acute infectious infiltrate". On the other hand, the patient consulted an ophthalmologist who diagnosed anterior uveitis. In view of these findings, a differential diagnosis was made between 2 entities. Varicella infection: - In favour: Contact with chickenpox. Fever. - Against: Past chickenpox infection. Positive Ig G serology. Aseptic meningitis. Anterior uveitis. Non-pruritic papular lesions. Genital aphthosis. - Outbreak of Behçet's disease: - In favour: oral and genital aphthous ulcers. Anterior uveitis. Aseptic meningitis. Papular skin lesions. HLA B51 positive. - Against: More frequent between 20-30 years of age. The patient fulfilled the criteria for Behçet's disease and was diagnosed with "aseptic meningitis secondary to Neurobehçet's", starting treatment with systemic steroids, with resolution of the symptoms.
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55-year-old patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia under treatment, presented with progressive dyspnoea of several weeks' evolution, asthenia, hyporexia and unquantified weight loss. No clinical findings in the anamnesis by systems. Physical examination: mucocutaneous pallor, the rest of the patient was unremarkable. Complementary examinations revealed 1.Iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin 4.5 g/dL, MCV 59 fL, MCH 15 pg/cell, iron 10 μg/dL and ferritin <10 ng/mL). De novo cardiomegaly on chest X-ray. Initially the study is extended with: - Gastro-Colonoscopy : Candida albicans infectious oesophagitis (microbiological confirmation) and internal haemorrhoids. - Transthoracic echocardiography: severe pericardial effusion with partial systolic collapse of the right atrium. Complete with: - Extensive serological study: Negative - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) 1.6(0.0-1.0), other autoimmunity negative. - Pericardial fluid study: serohematic aspect compatible with exudate. Bacteriological study, including mycobacteria, and pathological anatomy negative. - Mantoux test: positive, with no evidence of mycobacterial infection (sputum, gastric juice, pericardial fluid). - Thoracic-abdominal-pelvic CT scan: right cervical nodule, heterogeneous, with areas of high density suggesting hypervascular character and does not allow pheochromocytoma or glomus tumour to be ruled out. Calcified nodule in the right thyroid lobe. - Catecholamines in blood and urine 24 hours: Normal. - Bilateral mammography: No significant alterations - PET-CT scan: Right laterocervical adenopathic conglomerate with moderate increase in metabolism. She underwent exploratory cervicotomy, the intraoperative lymph node biopsy showed infiltration by papillary thyroid carcinoma of the follicular type, and total thyroidectomy was performed (multicentric papillary carcinoma) and central cervical emptying.
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42-year-old woman with end-stage chronic kidney disease, secondary to lupus nephropathy, and on peritoneal dialysis. History of four episodes of bacterial peritonitis and change of Tenckhoff catheter six months prior to admission due to catheter dysfunction. She was admitted for abdominal pain (with insidious onset, colicky, predominantly epigastric and mild intensity) and peritoneal fluid examination showed 3600 leukocytes/mm3 and 80% polymorphonuclear cells. Antibiotics (ceftazidime, amikacin and vancomycin) were started and she was discharged with apparent improvement, but due to persistent symptoms she was readmitted. Three peritoneal fluid samples during her hospitalisation tested positive for Fusarium spp. The Tenckhoff catheter was removed and amphotericin B deoxycholate was started for three days, followed by voriconazole. The patient responded favourably and continued outpatient treatment with voriconazole (4mg/kg every 12 hours orally). Microbiological isolation and initial identification were performed at the Microbiology Service of the Guillermo Almenara National Hospital. The isolates were then sent to the Clinical Mycology Laboratory of the Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine (Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia) for molecular typing with amplification of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of the ribosomal DNA and comparison of the sequences obtained with those of the GenBank or International Society for Human and Animal Mycology databases. All three isolates were identified as species of the Fusarium solani complex. In vitro susceptibility to itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute - CLSI (M38-A) methodology, showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in all three isolates and for all three antifungals of >16 μg/mL.
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en
Reason for consultation: 46 year old patient who consulted the emergency department for 12 hours of clinical evolution of behavioural disorder, disorientation and tendency to somnolence, 24 hours earlier, diagnosed as an outpatient with varicella (epidemiological antecedent of a daughter diagnosed 10 days earlier) and prescribed symptomatic treatment. Pathological history: High blood pressure treated with amlodipine, cognitively preserved. Evolution: Patient admitted to the emergency department with a 12-hour clinical picture of behavioural disorder without fever. Vitals within the normal range, but GCS of 14 (at the expense of no spontaneous ocular opening). On physical examination, cardiorespiratory examination was normal; abdominal examination was unremarkable; neurological examination showed spatio-temporal disorientation, no meningismus and a tendency to somnolence, with isochoric and normoreactive pupils. The skin showed several lesions of varying degrees of evolution compatible with chickenpox; mucous membranes were preserved. An analytical control was requested which only showed PCR of 10 mg/L. A sample was collected for Tzanck staining (which was finally positive for VZV). Chest X-ray was normal. A non-contrast cranial CT scan was performed, which showed no abnormalities, and finally the lumbar puncture showed 26 leukocytes/microlitre, with proteins of 0.75 g/L and normal glucose. The HIV test was negative and finally the CSF PCR for VZV was positive. He was initially treated in the emergency department with parenteral acyclovir adjusted to weight, with a spectacular improvement in sensorium 12-14 hours after starting treatment. He was admitted to the ward to complete treatment. Diagnosis: Cutaneous varicella zoster with dissemination to the CNS causing meningoencephalitis.
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en
Personal History 39-year-old male ex-consumer of cocaine, alcohol and tobacco, ischaemic heart disease, cerebral vascular disease, aortic atheromatosis, monorenal (left renal atrophy due to renal infarctions). Atrophic gastritis. Current Disease Sudden decrease of vision of 48 h of evolution. She does not distinguish faces or colours. No headache, no neurological focality. No fever. Physical examination Haemodynamically stable. Afebrile. Cardiopulmonary and abdominal examination normal. Neurological: VA: <0.05, ocular movements preserved, no facial asymmetry, no language alterations, mobility and sensitivity preserved. Complementary tests Fundus: exudative lifting of both maculae, with some haemorrhagic image and associated vitritis. OCT: bilateral exudative lifting of the neuroepithelium of both eyes. Blood tests: blood system, coagulation, biochemistry with normal renal and hepatic profile. TSH 1.16. Autoimmunity study: ANCA, ANA, citrullinated peptide, cardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant and b2 glycoprotein negative. Immunoglobulins normal. Lumbar puncture: normal. PCR TBC and herpes negative. Serology: Bartonella Henselae, Borrelia, LUES, Mycoplasma, Coxiella Burnetti IgM, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Brucella, Toxoplasma IgM, VZV IgM, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV IgM negative. Quantiferon positive with sputum culture and urine study negative for tuberculosis. Chest X-ray normal. Brain MRI: chronic ischaemic lesions. Diagnosis Bilateral panuveitis, the most probable etiology being Votg Koyanagi Harada. Evolution Patient with severe acute bilateral uveitis. He had severe comorbidities and laboratory data of latent tuberculosis, as well as retinal images suggestive of Vogtk-Koyanagi-Harada. Tuberculostatic treatment was started with 4 glucocorticoids in peribulbar injection (up to 3 injections). On review after fundus treatment, there was a clear improvement with disappearance of exudative lifting, only in the left eye a small detached area, disappearance of haemorrhage.
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en
A 63-year-old man came to the hospital with a brownish cough of 6 months' duration, which had become haemoptotic in the last three weeks. His medical history included ex-smoker (40 packs/year), alcoholism of 60 g/day: hemp worker for 15 years: he fulfilled the criteria for chronic bronchitis with 20 years of evolution; arterial hypertension with 2 years of evolution, treated with alpha-methyl dopa. He has a dog and a cat at home, which he takes care of himself. His illness started about 6 months earlier, with an increase in his basal cough accompanied by brownish expectoration and increased dyspnoea, and he also reported occasional afternoon febrile fever. No chest pain, haemoptysis, anorexia or weight loss. He had been treated with various antibiotics without improvement. Three weeks before admission, his expectoration became haemoptotic, prompting him to consult the hospital. Physical examination on admission showed a patient in good general condition, without fever, and pulmonary auscultation showed bilateral inspiratory crackles. Blood tests showed 7,400 leukocytes with normal formula. Baseline arterial blood gas showed a pH of 7.37, a pCO2 of 47 and a p02 of 61 mmHg. Urine sediment was normal. Chest X-ray showed a bilateral interstitial pattern with areas of alveolar confluence in the left lower lobe. Mantoux with 5 UT was positive at 15 mm at 48 hours. Serial sputum smears were negative, as were Lowenstein cultures. Sputum gram on admission was reported as mixed flora, although it met the characteristics for culture. On admission, antibiotic treatment was started with erythromycin at a dose of 500 mg/6 hours orally, together with bronchodilators and oxygen. As there was no clinical or radiological improvement after 72 hours, it was decided to perform bronchoscopy and LBA. Bronchoscopy showed a bilateral inflammatory process predominantly in the left base with no endobronchial lesions or haematic debris; the LBA recovered a yellowish liquid with 84 % neutrophils and the lymphocyte populations in the LBA showed: CD40.1 %, CD8 58.4 % with a CD4/CD8 ratio of 0.002. Pasteurella multocida grew in pure culture in the cultures of the three portions of the ABL. A lung scan with gallium 67 was also performed and showed no uptake. In view of the patient's antibiogram, treatment was continued with amoxicillin with good clinical evolution and complete radiological resolution by the fifth month after discharge. In order to rule out bronchiectasis, a thoracic computerised tomography (CT) scan was performed which confirmed the existence of bilateral bronchiectasis in the lower lobes, as well as residual fibrotic lesions in both vertexes.
[ "A", "63-year-old", "man", "came", "to", "the", "hospital", "with", "a", "brownish", "cough", "of", "6", "months", "'", "duration", ",", "which", "had", "become", "haemoptotic", "in", "the", "last", "three", "weeks", ".", "His", "medical", "history", "included", "ex-smoker", "(", "40", "packs", "/", "year", ")", ",", "alcoholism", "of", "60", "g", "/", "day", ":", "hemp", "worker", "for", "15", "years", ":", "he", "fulfilled", "the", "criteria", "for", "chronic", "bronchitis", "with", "20", "years", "of", "evolution", ";", "arterial", "hypertension", "with", "2", "years", "of", "evolution", ",", "treated", "with", "alpha-methyl", "dopa", ".", "He", "has", "a", "dog", "and", "a", "cat", "at", "home", ",", "which", "he", "takes", "care", "of", "himself", ".", "His", "illness", "started", "about", "6", "months", "earlier", ",", "with", "an", "increase", "in", "his", "basal", "cough", "accompanied", "by", "brownish", "expectoration", "and", "increased", "dyspnoea", ",", "and", "he", "also", "reported", "occasional", "afternoon", "febrile", "fever", ".", "No", "chest", "pain", ",", "haemoptysis", ",", "anorexia", "or", "weight", "loss", ".", "He", "had", "been", "treated", "with", "various", "antibiotics", "without", "improvement", ".", "Three", "weeks", "before", "admission", ",", "his", "expectoration", "became", "haemoptotic", ",", "prompting", "him", "to", "consult", "the", "hospital", ".", "Physical", "examination", "on", "admission", "showed", "a", "patient", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "without", "fever", ",", "and", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "showed", "bilateral", "inspiratory", "crackles", ".", "Blood", "tests", "showed", "7", ",", "400", "leukocytes", "with", "normal", "formula", ".", "Baseline", "arterial", "blood", "gas", "showed", "a", "pH", "of", "7", ".", "37", ",", "a", "pCO2", "of", "47", "and", "a", "p02", "of", "61", "mmHg", ".", "Urine", "sediment", "was", "normal", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "a", "bilateral", "interstitial", "pattern", "with", "areas", "of", "alveolar", "confluence", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", ".", "Mantoux", "with", "5", "UT", "was", "positive", "at", "15", "mm", "at", "48", "hours", ".", "Serial", "sputum", "smears", "were", "negative", ",", "as", "were", "Lowenstein", "cultures", ".", "Sputum", "gram", "on", "admission", "was", "reported", "as", "mixed", "flora", ",", "although", "it", "met", "the", "characteristics", "for", "culture", ".", "On", "admission", ",", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "erythromycin", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "500", "mg", "/", "6", "hours", "orally", ",", "together", "with", "bronchodilators", "and", "oxygen", ".", "As", "there", "was", "no", "clinical", "or", "radiological", "improvement", "after", "72", "hours", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "bronchoscopy", "and", "LBA", ".", "Bronchoscopy", "showed", "a", "bilateral", "inflammatory", "process", "predominantly", "in", "the", "left", "base", "with", "no", "endobronchial", "lesions", "or", "haematic", "debris", ";", "the", "LBA", "recovered", "a", "yellowish", "liquid", "with", "84", "%", "neutrophils", "and", "the", "lymphocyte", "populations", "in", "the", "LBA", "showed", ":", "CD40", ".", "1", "%", ",", "CD8", "58", ".", "4", "%", "with", "a", "CD4", "/", "CD8", "ratio", "of", "0", ".", "002", ".", "Pasteurella", "multocida", "grew", "in", "pure", "culture", "in", "the", "cultures", "of", "the", "three", "portions", "of", "the", "ABL", ".", "A", "lung", "scan", "with", "gallium", "67", "was", "also", "performed", "and", "showed", "no", "uptake", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "antibiogram", ",", "treatment", "was", "continued", "with", "amoxicillin", "with", "good", "clinical", "evolution", "and", "complete", "radiological", "resolution", "by", "the", "fifth", "month", "after", "discharge", ".", "In", "order", "to", "rule", "out", "bronchiectasis", ",", "a", "thoracic", "computerised", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "was", "performed", "which", "confirmed", "the", "existence", "of", "bilateral", "bronchiectasis", "in", "the", "lower", "lobes", ",", "as", "well", "as", "residual", "fibrotic", "lesions", "in", "both", "vertexes", "." ]
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[ { "text": "mixed flora", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1487, "end": 1498 }, { "text": "cat", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 421, "end": 424 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 934, "end": 941 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2281, "end": 2288 }, { "text": "dog", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 411, "end": 414 }, { "text": "hemp worker", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 218, "end": 229 }, { "text": "hemp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 218, "end": 222 }, { "text": "Pasteurella multocida", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2104, "end": 2125 } ]
en
A 43-year-old man, with no clinical history of interest, who 2 months prior to his diagnosis had a subacute onset of a peak fever of 39°C, predominantly in the evening, and pain, swelling and functional impotence in the right hand and left ankle. Physical examination revealed pain on palpation and inflammatory signs at the level of the carpus, second, third, fourth and fifth right metacarpophalangeal joints and left ankle with painful limitation of mobility in the first degrees in all arcs of movement, as well as auscultation of a diastolic murmur in the aortic focus. The rest of the examination was normal. Laboratory tests showed: leukocytosis (16,000) with neutrophilia (85%); ESR, 52 mm/h, and CRP, 4.6 mg/dl. Haemostasis and biochemistry were normal. In the immunological study, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, anti-DNA antibodies, immunoglobulins and complement were negative, as were serology for viruses and bacteria. Blood cultures were performed after the first febrile peak and before initiation of antibiotic therapy and were positive for Enterococcus faecalis. Chest X-ray showed a discrete bilateral pleural effusion and echocardiography showed severe aortic insufficiency with thickening of the valvular leaflets. With the diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis due to E. faecalis, intravenous antibiotherapy with ampicillin and gentamicin was started, with progressive improvement of joint symptoms and fever and imaging findings, until the patient became asymptomatic.
[ "A", "43-year-old", "man", ",", "with", "no", "clinical", "history", "of", "interest", ",", "who", "2", "months", "prior", "to", "his", "diagnosis", "had", "a", "subacute", "onset", "of", "a", "peak", "fever", "of", "39", "°", "C", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "evening", ",", "and", "pain", ",", "swelling", "and", "functional", "impotence", "in", "the", "right", "hand", "and", "left", "ankle", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "pain", "on", "palpation", "and", "inflammatory", "signs", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "carpus", ",", "second", ",", "third", ",", "fourth", "and", "fifth", "right", "metacarpophalangeal", "joints", "and", "left", "ankle", "with", "painful", "limitation", "of", "mobility", "in", "the", "first", "degrees", "in", "all", "arcs", "of", "movement", ",", "as", "well", "as", "auscultation", "of", "a", "diastolic", "murmur", "in", "the", "aortic", "focus", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", "was", "normal", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", ":", "leukocytosis", "(", "16", ",", "000", ")", "with", "neutrophilia", "(", "85", "%", ")", ";", "ESR", ",", "52", "mm", "/", "h", ",", "and", "CRP", ",", "4", ".", "6", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Haemostasis", "and", "biochemistry", "were", "normal", ".", "In", "the", "immunological", "study", ",", "rheumatoid", "factor", ",", "antinuclear", "antibodies", ",", "anti-DNA", "antibodies", ",", "immunoglobulins", "and", "complement", "were", "negative", ",", "as", "were", "serology", "for", "viruses", "and", "bacteria", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "were", "performed", "after", "the", "first", "febrile", "peak", "and", "before", "initiation", "of", "antibiotic", "therapy", "and", "were", "positive", "for", "Enterococcus", "faecalis", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "a", "discrete", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", "and", "echocardiography", "showed", "severe", "aortic", "insufficiency", "with", "thickening", "of", "the", "valvular", "leaflets", ".", "With", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "bacterial", "endocarditis", "due", "to", "E", ".", "faecalis", ",", "intravenous", "antibiotherapy", "with", "ampicillin", "and", "gentamicin", "was", "started", ",", "with", "progressive", "improvement", "of", "joint", "symptoms", "and", "fever", "and", "imaging", "findings", ",", "until", "the", "patient", "became", "asymptomatic", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Enterococcus faecalis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1069, "end": 1090 }, { "text": "bacterial", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1269, "end": 1278 }, { "text": "bacteria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 934, "end": 942 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1472, "end": 1479 }, { "text": "E. faecalis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1299, "end": 1310 } ]
en
We present the case of a 51-year-old male with no medical history of interest who came to the emergency department with a dry cough and dyspnoea on moderate exertion of 7 days' duration. On physical examination the patient was eupneic, afebrile and pulmonary auscultation was normal. Chest X-ray showed peripheral and bilateral pulmonary opacities, predominantly in the lower lobes, which, in the epidemiological context in Spain in March 2020, was compatible with COVID-19. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was positive. He was treated with hydroxychloroquine for 5 days and lopinavir/ritonavir for 10 days. He remained in hospital for 15 days until clinical improvement, with negative PCR for SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Two days after discharge, he presented with an abrupt onset of an erythematous maculopapular rash on the trunk with islets of healthy, slightly pruritic skin. Topical betamethasone dipropionate and 20mg of oral bilastin were prescribed, but after 24h the lesions spread to the cervical region, face and proximal region of the upper limbs, so 30 mg of oral prednisone was added. The clinical response was favourable, with disappearance of the lesions in a few days.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "51-year-old", "male", "with", "no", "medical", "history", "of", "interest", "who", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "a", "dry", "cough", "and", "dyspnoea", "on", "moderate", "exertion", "of", "7", "days", "'", "duration", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", "the", "patient", "was", "eupneic", ",", "afebrile", "and", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "was", "normal", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "peripheral", "and", "bilateral", "pulmonary", "opacities", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "lower", "lobes", ",", "which", ",", "in", "the", "epidemiological", "context", "in", "Spain", "in", "March", "2020", ",", "was", "compatible", "with", "COVID-19", ".", "The", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "(", "PCR", ")", "test", "for", "SARS-CoV-2", "coronavirus", "was", "positive", ".", "He", "was", "treated", "with", "hydroxychloroquine", "for", "5", "days", "and", "lopinavir", "/", "ritonavir", "for", "10", "days", ".", "He", "remained", "in", "hospital", "for", "15", "days", "until", "clinical", "improvement", ",", "with", "negative", "PCR", "for", "SARS-CoV-2", "coronavirus", ".", "Two", "days", "after", "discharge", ",", "he", "presented", "with", "an", "abrupt", "onset", "of", "an", "erythematous", "maculopapular", "rash", "on", "the", "trunk", "with", "islets", "of", "healthy", ",", "slightly", "pruritic", "skin", ".", "Topical", "betamethasone", "dipropionate", "and", "20mg", "of", "oral", "bilastin", "were", "prescribed", ",", "but", "after", "24h", "the", "lesions", "spread", "to", "the", "cervical", "region", ",", "face", "and", "proximal", "region", "of", "the", "upper", "limbs", ",", "so", "30", "mg", "of", "oral", "prednisone", "was", "added", ".", "The", "clinical", "response", "was", "favourable", ",", "with", "disappearance", "of", "the", "lesions", "in", "a", "few", "days", "." ]
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 215, "end": 222 }, { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 37, "end": 41 } ]
en
A 48-year-old patient, resident of Zamora, with a history of monocytic ascites of unidentified aetiology despite two exploratory laparoscopies, with peritoneal sampling reported as reactive mesothelial hyperplasia. In one of the multiple evacuating paracentesis, ADA (adenosine deaminase) was found positive in the ascitic fluid. The Mantoux test was also positive and anti-tuberculosis treatment was started. Months later, haematology follow-up was started due to severe thrombopenia. A bone marrow biopsy was performed, compatible with ITP. Despite treatment, the patient continued with plateletopenia, presenting epistaxis that did not cease after tamponade, and urgent splenectomy was indicated. On admission, a biopsy of the peritoneum and a palpable axillary lymph node was obtained, showing intense peritoneal mesothelial hyperplasia associated with intense and diffuse reactive lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. The patient was readmitted for acute bilateral PTE and left humeral DVT, so LMWH was started at therapeutic doses. The case was referred to Hospital La Paz in Madrid for further investigation. She reported fever, evening sweating, intense asthenia with arthromyalgia, left basal pleuritic pain with dyspnoea and frequent dry cough. During his admission, paracentesis was performed to diagnose dense, yellowish liquid, with the same biochemical profile as that analysed in Zamora, and the culture was sterile and B.A.A.R. negative. Chest CT angiography showed repletion defects related to acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Massive left pleural effusion with compressive atelectasis of LII, pathological mediastinal adenopathies of prevascular location. The lymph node sample obtained in Zamora was reviewed and reported as a castlemanoid process, with reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, with no evidence of malignancy. The cytokine profile, with high levels of IL-6, supports the diagnosis of Castelman's disease (MCD); and although serology for VHV8 and IHV was negative, serology for VHV6 was positive (1/640). After starting steroids, immunoglobulins and Rituximab, he showed clinical, analytical and radiological improvement. She was readmitted a few months later for acute obstructive thrombosis of the right jugular vein and partial obstruction of the right subclavian vein. In view of the progression of the disease with Rituximab, treatment was started with Tocilizumab on a fortnightly basis associated with corticotherapy.
[ "A", "48-year-old", "patient", ",", "resident", "of", "Zamora", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "monocytic", "ascites", "of", "unidentified", "aetiology", "despite", "two", "exploratory", "laparoscopies", ",", "with", "peritoneal", "sampling", "reported", "as", "reactive", "mesothelial", "hyperplasia", ".", "In", "one", "of", "the", "multiple", "evacuating", "paracentesis", ",", "ADA", "(", "adenosine", "deaminase", ")", "was", "found", "positive", "in", "the", "ascitic", "fluid", ".", "The", "Mantoux", "test", "was", "also", "positive", "and", "anti-tuberculosis", "treatment", "was", "started", ".", "Months", "later", ",", "haematology", "follow-up", "was", "started", "due", "to", "severe", "thrombopenia", ".", "A", "bone", "marrow", "biopsy", "was", "performed", ",", "compatible", "with", "ITP", ".", "Despite", "treatment", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "with", "plateletopenia", ",", "presenting", "epistaxis", "that", "did", "not", "cease", "after", "tamponade", ",", "and", "urgent", "splenectomy", "was", "indicated", ".", "On", "admission", ",", "a", "biopsy", "of", "the", "peritoneum", "and", "a", "palpable", "axillary", "lymph", "node", "was", "obtained", ",", "showing", "intense", "peritoneal", "mesothelial", "hyperplasia", "associated", "with", "intense", "and", "diffuse", "reactive", "lymphoid", "follicular", "hyperplasia", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "readmitted", "for", "acute", "bilateral", "PTE", "and", "left", "humeral", "DVT", ",", "so", "LMWH", "was", "started", "at", "therapeutic", "doses", ".", "The", "case", "was", "referred", "to", "Hospital", "La", "Paz", "in", "Madrid", "for", "further", "investigation", ".", "She", "reported", "fever", ",", "evening", "sweating", ",", "intense", "asthenia", "with", "arthromyalgia", ",", "left", "basal", "pleuritic", "pain", "with", "dyspnoea", "and", "frequent", "dry", "cough", ".", "During", "his", "admission", ",", "paracentesis", "was", "performed", "to", "diagnose", "dense", ",", "yellowish", "liquid", ",", "with", "the", "same", "biochemical", "profile", "as", "that", "analysed", "in", "Zamora", ",", "and", "the", "culture", "was", "sterile", "and", "B", ".", "A", ".", "A", ".", "R", ".", "negative", ".", "Chest", "CT", "angiography", "showed", "repletion", "defects", "related", "to", "acute", "pulmonary", "thromboembolism", ".", "Massive", "left", "pleural", "effusion", "with", "compressive", "atelectasis", "of", "LII", ",", "pathological", "mediastinal", "adenopathies", "of", "prevascular", "location", ".", "The", "lymph", "node", "sample", "obtained", "in", "Zamora", "was", "reviewed", "and", "reported", "as", "a", "castlemanoid", "process", ",", "with", "reactive", "mesothelial", "hyperplasia", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "malignancy", ".", "The", "cytokine", "profile", ",", "with", "high", "levels", "of", "IL-6", ",", "supports", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "Castelman", "'", "s", "disease", "(", "MCD", ")", ";", "and", "although", "serology", "for", "VHV8", "and", "IHV", "was", "negative", ",", "serology", "for", "VHV6", "was", "positive", "(", "1", "/", "640", ")", ".", "After", "starting", "steroids", ",", "immunoglobulins", "and", "Rituximab", ",", "he", "showed", "clinical", ",", "analytical", "and", "radiological", "improvement", ".", "She", "was", "readmitted", "a", "few", "months", "later", "for", "acute", "obstructive", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "right", "jugular", "vein", "and", "partial", "obstruction", "of", "the", "right", "subclavian", "vein", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "progression", "of", "the", "disease", "with", "Rituximab", ",", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "Tocilizumab", "on", "a", "fortnightly", "basis", "associated", "with", "corticotherapy", "." ]
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en
A 77-year-old patient attended the emergency department 5 days ago with a rice grain-shaped skin lesion on the left forearm, afebrile. Personal history of hypertension, hyperuricaemia, low back pain, obstructive sleep apnoea, acute confusional syndrome 2o to severe hyponatraemia resolved. In the anamnesis the patient refers that a pruritic millimetric papular lesion of the same characteristics appeared on the scrotum 1 year ago. Examination and complementary tests: on the external surface of the left forearm there was an ulcerated lesion measuring 3.5-4 cm in maximum diameter, with poorly defined borders, mameloned, friable, easily bleeding, with no purulent exudate. Tumefactive periphery with no evidence of associated lymphangitis. No palpable associated lymphadenopathy. Laboratory tests: normocytic-hypochromic anaemia with neutrophilia (71%) with CRP 3.23, negative Epstein-Barr serology, negative cytomegalovirus serology, negative LUES serology (0.21), negative toxoplasma AIAIgM serology (0.30). Ulcer exudate 1st sample: Staphylococcus aureus. Ulcer exudate 2nd sample: no bacterial growth, negative fungi, no BAAR observed. Biopsy: skin (dorsum of left forearm/b. punch): Skin sample showing an epidermis with a crust consisting of fibrin, inflammatory cells and cellular debris, underlying which there is acanthosis and horny pseudoglobus, being at all times well demarcated from the underlying dermal connective tissue where there is a proliferation of capillary buds similar to those of the stasis dermis, accompanied by superficial and deep chronic inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes and some eosinophils, where no granulomatous formations, not fungi, are observed. Differential diagnosis: localised lesions: ulcer 2o to underlying infection, folliculitis, Sweet's disease, warfarin-induced necrosis, ulcer 2o to underlying neoplasm, arthropod bite, vasculitis (e.g. Wegwner's granulomatosis). Associated such as hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, myeloma, polycythaemia vera, BehÇet's disease, leukaemia. Clinical judgement: probable pyoderma gangrenosum.
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en
AMO, 46 years old, male, from the municipality of Anamã (AM). In October 2007, he presented with fever and palpitations and was diagnosed with RCT by thick blood test positive for T. cruzi. The epidemiological history did not allow for suspicion of the mode of transmission of CD. The electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation (AF) rhythm with an average ventricular rate of 110 bpm. The transthoracic echocardiogram was normal. Aetiological treatment for Chagas disease was started with benzonidazole. With regard to AF, heart rate control was started with beta-blockers, anticoagulation and a transesophageal echocardiogram was scheduled for subsequent cardioversion. After approximately two weeks of aetiological treatment for CAD, there was reversion to sinus rhythm, without the need for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.
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en
Anamnesis Male patient aged 41 years. Bank manager. Personal history - Dyslipidaemia, asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and impaired fasting glucose. - Probable NASH (2006). Negative serology for virus B and C. - Atypical chest pain studied in 2006 with negative echocardiogram (left ventricular hypertrophy with normal systolic function (EF= 0.72), diastolic dysfunction) and stress test. - Anxiety syndrome since 1998. Family history No relevant family history. Toxic habits: Smoker of 10 cigarettes/day (cumulative consumption of 20 packs/year). Sporadic moderate alcohol consumption. Treatment: Escitalopram 20 mg (1-0-0). Lorazepam 2.5 mg (1-0-2). Bisoprolol 5 mg (1- 0-0-0). Gemfibrozil 600 mg (0-0-1). Current history Patient attended the Emergency Department of our centre with sudden onset of intense muscular pain in the right arm of 4 hours' duration, with no apparent triggers. She was very worried and anxious about the possible cardiological origin of the symptoms. She does not report dyspnoea, orthopnoea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea. She had no previous presyncopal episodes or syncope or other accompanying respiratory symptoms. Although he comments that the pain has different characteristics, the patient had previously been studied by Cardiology in 2006 when he presented with an episode of chest pain with atypical characteristics apparently related to excessive alcohol consumption. The study performed showed elevated CPK levels, with an echocardiogram and a stress test with no abnormalities, ruling out a cardiological origin for both the symptoms and the analytical alterations (no report of the tests performed is attached). On the basis of these data, an ECG (no signs of acute ischaemia) and basic laboratory tests were performed in the emergency department, highlighting an increase in GOT/GPT 31/71 IU/L (n: 0-37/0-41) with other normal liver tests, CPK of 252 IU/L (n: 0-170 IU/L) and aldolase of 7.9 IU/L (n: 0-7.6 IU/L). Inflammatory parameters (ESR and CRP) within normality, with renal normofunction without hydroelectrolytic alteration, Hb 15.4 g/dl, Platelets 263 10E9/L, Leukocytes 6.2 10E9/L. Coagulation normal. Abnormal and Sediment without alteration. In view of these results, the pain was attributed to a probable osteo-muscular origin and the patient was referred to the Internal Medicine department to check the evolution and complete the study of mild analytical alterations. At the Internal Medicine consultation, the patient was re-interviewed, describing exercise intolerance since childhood in the form of asthenia and generalised myalgias, both proximal and distal extremities, without arthritis or new onset cutaneous-mucosal lesions. Anamnesis by apparatus No fever or cramps. No loss of muscle mass. No fasciculations or sensory symptoms. He leads a relatively normal life, with the limitation described for the practice of some sport and which conditions him to lead a relatively sedentary life. No cough or phlegm. No recent infectious conditions. No abdominal pain. Bowel habits preserved with 1 bowel movement per day without pathological products. The patient provided previous analyses showing significant variations in CPK levels in recent years, apparently coinciding with the use of statins and concomitant moderate alcohol consumption. He also presented chronic and fluctuating hypertransaminasemia without episodes of jaundice or other signs suggestive of hepatic decompensation, which were attributed to possible non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with negative viral serologies. Various tests had previously been performed (whole body MRI, electrophysiological study, liver biopsy) without finding any alterations. Physical examination T.A.: 110/70 mmHg. HR: 79/minute. Afebrile. Sat.02: 96%. BMI: 28 kg/m2. Good general condition. Good colour of skin and mucous membranes. Pharynx: normal. Cardiac auscultation: no alterations. Pulmonary auscultation: normal. Abdomen: soft, depressible, without pain or megaliths. Extremities: peripheral pulses, no oedema. No pain on palpation. No signs of arthritis. Neurological examination was unremarkable. Evolution and discussion of the clinical case After reviewing the tests already available and re-historying the patient, we orientated the studies towards a picture of exercise intolerance in the form of asthenia and myalgias accompanied by oscillating CPK levels and mild hypertransaminasemia, without elevation of inflammatory parameters or signs suggestive of first or second motor neuron disease. Furthermore, in the absence of compatible skin lesions and characteristic muscle weakness, we reasonably ruled out the diagnoses of polymyositis and/or dermatomyositis. The diagnostic approach we followed was as follows: 1. given the possibility of an adverse drug reaction, we reviewed and withdrew the potentially implicated drugs (Gemfibrocil/Benzodiazepines/Escitalopram). 2.serologies were requested for CMV, Epstein barr, Herpes virus and HIV, which were negative, and a study of hypertransaminasemia was completed with serologies for HAV, B and C. We added an autoimmunity study (ANA, AMA, ASMA and Anti-LKM), obtaining ANA nucleolar pattern 1:320 and ASMA 1:80. 3. We completed the study with an abdominal Doppler ultrasound scan showing diffuse hepatic steatosis with an area of perivesicular preservation, with no evidence of solid focal lesions. Multiple vesicular polyps (probably cholesterol) with a bile duct of normal calibre. Once the possible acquired aetiologies of CPK elevation had been ruled out, the case was oriented towards a possible hereditary myopathy. We therefore delved into the family history and the characteristics of the patient's symptoms. No one in the patient's family had a similar clinical picture, and as for the symptoms, the patient reported early fatigue and myalgia with improvement in exercise tolerance after several minutes from the onset. A review of the literature revealed three main groups of hereditary myopathies: - Glycogenoses, - Lipid metabolism disorders - Mitochondrial diseases. In order of frequency, encompassing the three groups, three entities stand out: - Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II (CPT II) deficiency, - Myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease (V)). - Phosphorylase kinase deficiency (VIII). According to the diagnostic algorithm ----, elevated CPK levels together with severe exercise intolerance (in the form of asthenia and myalgia) from the onset of exercise but which improves significantly after 5-10 minutes, are highly suggestive of McArdle's disease. We therefore performed an ischaemia test which confirmed a discrete elevation of lactate compatible with difficulty in glycogen metabolism. A muscle biopsy was performed and showed the presence of striated skeletal muscle tissue with structural preservation and a relative increase in the amount of glycogen in the muscle fibres. In the immunohistochemical study carried out, the absence of historeactivity against myophosphorylase stood out, with normality of the rest of the historeactive patterns, confirming the existence of a myopathy due to myophosphorylase deficiency corresponding to McArdle's disease.
[ "Anamnesis", "Male", "patient", "aged", "41", "years", ".", "Bank", "manager", ".", "Personal", "history", "-", "Dyslipidaemia", ",", "asymptomatic", "hyperuricaemia", "and", "impaired", "fasting", "glucose", ".", "-", "Probable", "NASH", "(", "2006", ")", ".", "Negative", "serology", "for", "virus", "B", "and", "C", ".", "-", "Atypical", "chest", "pain", "studied", "in", "2006", "with", "negative", "echocardiogram", "(", "left", "ventricular", "hypertrophy", "with", "normal", "systolic", "function", "(", "EF", "=", "0", ".", "72", ")", ",", "diastolic", "dysfunction", ")", "and", "stress", "test", ".", "-", "Anxiety", "syndrome", "since", "1998", ".", "Family", "history", "No", "relevant", "family", "history", ".", "Toxic", "habits", ":", "Smoker", "of", "10", "cigarettes", "/", "day", "(", "cumulative", "consumption", "of", "20", "packs", "/", "year", ")", ".", "Sporadic", "moderate", "alcohol", "consumption", ".", "Treatment", ":", "Escitalopram", "20", "mg", "(", "1-0-0", ")", ".", "Lorazepam", "2", ".", "5", "mg", "(", "1-0-2", ")", ".", "Bisoprolol", "5", "mg", "(", "1", "-", "0-0-0", ")", ".", "Gemfibrozil", "600", "mg", "(", "0-0-1", ")", ".", "Current", "history", "Patient", "attended", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "of", "our", "centre", "with", "sudden", "onset", "of", "intense", "muscular", "pain", "in", "the", "right", "arm", "of", "4", "hours", "'", "duration", ",", "with", "no", "apparent", "triggers", ".", "She", "was", "very", "worried", "and", "anxious", "about", "the", "possible", "cardiological", "origin", "of", "the", "symptoms", ".", "She", "does", "not", "report", "dyspnoea", ",", "orthopnoea", "or", "paroxysmal", "nocturnal", "dyspnoea", ".", "She", "had", "no", "previous", "presyncopal", "episodes", "or", "syncope", "or", "other", "accompanying", "respiratory", "symptoms", ".", "Although", "he", "comments", "that", "the", "pain", "has", "different", "characteristics", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "previously", "been", "studied", "by", "Cardiology", "in", "2006", "when", "he", "presented", "with", "an", "episode", "of", "chest", "pain", "with", "atypical", "characteristics", "apparently", "related", "to", "excessive", "alcohol", "consumption", ".", "The", "study", "performed", "showed", "elevated", "CPK", "levels", ",", "with", "an", "echocardiogram", "and", "a", "stress", "test", "with", "no", "abnormalities", ",", "ruling", "out", "a", "cardiological", "origin", "for", "both", "the", "symptoms", "and", "the", "analytical", "alterations", "(", "no", "report", "of", "the", "tests", "performed", "is", "attached", ")", ".", "On", "the", "basis", "of", "these", "data", ",", "an", "ECG", "(", "no", "signs", "of", "acute", "ischaemia", ")", "and", "basic", "laboratory", "tests", "were", "performed", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "highlighting", "an", "increase", "in", "GOT", "/", "GPT", "31", "/", "71", "IU", "/", "L", "(", "n", ":", "0-37", "/", "0-41", ")", "with", "other", "normal", "liver", "tests", ",", "CPK", "of", "252", "IU", "/", "L", "(", "n", ":", "0-170", "IU", "/", "L", ")", "and", "aldolase", "of", "7", ".", "9", "IU", "/", "L", "(", "n", ":", "0-7", ".", "6", "IU", "/", "L", ")", ".", "Inflammatory", "parameters", "(", "ESR", "and", "CRP", ")", "within", "normality", ",", "with", "renal", "normofunction", "without", "hydroelectrolytic", "alteration", ",", "Hb", "15", ".", "4", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "Platelets", "263", "10E9", "/", "L", ",", "Leukocytes", "6", ".", "2", "10E9", "/", "L", ".", "Coagulation", "normal", ".", "Abnormal", "and", "Sediment", "without", "alteration", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "results", ",", "the", "pain", "was", "attributed", "to", "a", "probable", "osteo-muscular", "origin", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "Internal", "Medicine", "department", "to", "check", "the", "evolution", "and", "complete", "the", "study", "of", "mild", "analytical", "alterations", ".", "At", "the", "Internal", "Medicine", "consultation", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "re-interviewed", ",", "describing", "exercise", "intolerance", "since", "childhood", "in", "the", "form", "of", "asthenia", "and", "generalised", "myalgias", ",", "both", "proximal", "and", "distal", "extremities", ",", "without", "arthritis", "or", "new", "onset", "cutaneous-mucosal", "lesions", ".", "Anamnesis", "by", "apparatus", "No", "fever", "or", "cramps", ".", "No", "loss", "of", "muscle", "mass", ".", "No", "fasciculations", "or", "sensory", "symptoms", ".", "He", "leads", "a", "relatively", "normal", "life", ",", "with", "the", "limitation", "described", "for", "the", "practice", "of", "some", "sport", "and", "which", "conditions", "him", "to", "lead", "a", "relatively", "sedentary", "life", ".", "No", "cough", "or", "phlegm", ".", "No", "recent", "infectious", "conditions", ".", "No", "abdominal", "pain", ".", "Bowel", "habits", "preserved", "with", "1", "bowel", "movement", "per", "day", "without", "pathological", "products", ".", "The", "patient", "provided", "previous", "analyses", "showing", "significant", "variations", "in", "CPK", "levels", "in", "recent", "years", ",", "apparently", "coinciding", "with", "the", "use", "of", "statins", "and", "concomitant", "moderate", "alcohol", "consumption", ".", "He", "also", "presented", "chronic", "and", "fluctuating", "hypertransaminasemia", "without", "episodes", "of", "jaundice", "or", "other", "signs", "suggestive", "of", "hepatic", "decompensation", ",", "which", "were", "attributed", "to", "possible", "non-alcoholic", "steatohepatitis", "with", "negative", "viral", "serologies", ".", "Various", "tests", "had", "previously", "been", "performed", "(", "whole", "body", "MRI", ",", "electrophysiological", "study", ",", "liver", "biopsy", ")", "without", "finding", "any", "alterations", ".", "Physical", "examination", "T", ".", "A", ".", ":", "110", "/", "70", "mmHg", ".", "HR", ":", "79", "/", "minute", ".", "Afebrile", ".", "Sat", ".", "02", ":", "96", "%", ".", "BMI", ":", "28", "kg", "/", "m2", ".", "Good", "general", "condition", ".", "Good", "colour", "of", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membranes", ".", "Pharynx", ":", "normal", ".", "Cardiac", "auscultation", ":", "no", "alterations", ".", "Pulmonary", "auscultation", ":", "normal", ".", "Abdomen", ":", "soft", ",", "depressible", ",", "without", "pain", "or", "megaliths", ".", "Extremities", ":", "peripheral", "pulses", ",", "no", "oedema", ".", "No", "pain", "on", "palpation", ".", "No", "signs", "of", "arthritis", ".", "Neurological", "examination", "was", "unremarkable", ".", "Evolution", "and", "discussion", "of", "the", "clinical", "case", "After", "reviewing", "the", "tests", "already", "available", "and", "re-historying", "the", "patient", ",", "we", "orientated", "the", "studies", "towards", "a", "picture", "of", "exercise", "intolerance", "in", "the", "form", "of", "asthenia", "and", "myalgias", "accompanied", "by", "oscillating", "CPK", "levels", "and", "mild", "hypertransaminasemia", ",", "without", "elevation", "of", "inflammatory", "parameters", "or", "signs", "suggestive", "of", "first", "or", "second", "motor", "neuron", "disease", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "compatible", "skin", "lesions", "and", "characteristic", "muscle", "weakness", ",", "we", "reasonably", "ruled", "out", "the", "diagnoses", "of", "polymyositis", "and", "/", "or", "dermatomyositis", ".", "The", "diagnostic", "approach", "we", "followed", "was", "as", "follows", ":", "1", ".", "given", "the", "possibility", "of", "an", "adverse", "drug", "reaction", ",", "we", "reviewed", "and", "withdrew", "the", "potentially", "implicated", "drugs", "(", "Gemfibrocil", "/", "Benzodiazepines", "/", "Escitalopram", ")", ".", "2", ".", "serologies", "were", "requested", "for", "CMV", ",", "Epstein", "barr", ",", "Herpes", "virus", "and", "HIV", ",", "which", "were", "negative", ",", "and", "a", "study", "of", "hypertransaminasemia", "was", "completed", "with", "serologies", "for", "HAV", ",", "B", "and", "C", ".", "We", "added", "an", "autoimmunity", "study", "(", "ANA", ",", "AMA", ",", "ASMA", "and", "Anti-LKM", ")", ",", "obtaining", "ANA", "nucleolar", "pattern", "1", ":", "320", "and", "ASMA", "1", ":", "80", ".", "3", ".", "We", "completed", "the", "study", "with", "an", "abdominal", "Doppler", "ultrasound", "scan", "showing", "diffuse", "hepatic", "steatosis", "with", "an", "area", "of", "perivesicular", "preservation", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "solid", "focal", "lesions", ".", "Multiple", "vesicular", "polyps", "(", "probably", "cholesterol", ")", "with", "a", "bile", "duct", "of", "normal", "calibre", ".", "Once", "the", "possible", "acquired", "aetiologies", "of", "CPK", "elevation", "had", "been", "ruled", "out", ",", "the", "case", "was", "oriented", "towards", "a", "possible", "hereditary", "myopathy", ".", "We", "therefore", "delved", "into", "the", "family", "history", "and", "the", "characteristics", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "symptoms", ".", "No", "one", "in", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "family", "had", "a", "similar", "clinical", "picture", ",", "and", "as", "for", "the", "symptoms", ",", "the", "patient", "reported", "early", "fatigue", "and", "myalgia", "with", "improvement", "in", "exercise", "tolerance", "after", "several", "minutes", "from", "the", "onset", ".", "A", "review", "of", "the", "literature", "revealed", "three", "main", "groups", "of", "hereditary", "myopathies", ":", "-", "Glycogenoses", ",", "-", "Lipid", "metabolism", "disorders", "-", "Mitochondrial", "diseases", ".", "In", "order", "of", "frequency", ",", "encompassing", "the", "three", "groups", ",", "three", "entities", "stand", "out", ":", "-", "Carnitine", "palmitoyl", "transferase", "II", "(", "CPT", "II", ")", "deficiency", ",", "-", "Myophosphorylase", "deficiency", "(", "McArdle", "'", "s", "disease", "(", "V", ")", ")", ".", "-", "Phosphorylase", "kinase", "deficiency", "(", "VIII", ")", ".", "According", "to", "the", "diagnostic", "algorithm", "-", "-", "-", "-", ",", "elevated", "CPK", "levels", "together", "with", "severe", "exercise", "intolerance", "(", "in", "the", "form", "of", "asthenia", "and", "myalgia", ")", "from", "the", "onset", "of", "exercise", "but", "which", "improves", "significantly", "after", "5-10", "minutes", ",", "are", "highly", "suggestive", "of", "McArdle", "'", "s", "disease", ".", "We", "therefore", "performed", "an", "ischaemia", "test", "which", "confirmed", "a", "discrete", "elevation", "of", "lactate", "compatible", "with", "difficulty", "in", "glycogen", "metabolism", ".", "A", "muscle", "biopsy", "was", "performed", "and", "showed", "the", "presence", "of", "striated", "skeletal", "muscle", "tissue", "with", "structural", "preservation", "and", "a", "relative", "increase", "in", "the", "amount", "of", "glycogen", "in", "the", "muscle", "fibres", ".", "In", "the", "immunohistochemical", "study", "carried", "out", ",", "the", "absence", "of", "historeactivity", "against", "myophosphorylase", "stood", "out", ",", "with", "normality", "of", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "historeactive", "patterns", ",", "confirming", "the", "existence", "of", "a", "myopathy", "due", "to", "myophosphorylase", "deficiency", "corresponding", "to", "McArdle", "'", "s", "disease", "." ]
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en
A 35 year old man came to the emergency department for abdominal pain, vomiting and general malaise. Analyses showed CRP 1.34 mg/dl and leucocytes 14,400. Chest X-ray showed bilateral nodular opacities predominantly in the upper lobes. The abdomino-pelvic CT scan showed an irregular parietal thickening in the proximal ileum with obstruction, without lymphadenopathy. There are isolated pulmonary nodules with irregular borders in the lung bases. Small bowel neoplasia with pulmonary metastases is reported. At the time of diagnosis the tests were unknown. Urgent surgery was performed with resection of a non-tumourous mass in the proximal ileum with anatomopathological findings of granulomatous enteritis. A few days later, a CT scan of the chest showed bilateral pulmonary nodules, predominantly in the upper lobes, with irregular borders, some of them cavitated, and pulmonary areas with a tree-shaped pattern. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed M. tubercolysis with the final diagnosis of disseminated pulmonary and gastrointestinal tuberculosis.
[ "A", "35", "year", "old", "man", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "abdominal", "pain", ",", "vomiting", "and", "general", "malaise", ".", "Analyses", "showed", "CRP", "1", ".", "34", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "leucocytes", "14", ",", "400", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "bilateral", "nodular", "opacities", "predominantly", "in", "the", "upper", "lobes", ".", "The", "abdomino-pelvic", "CT", "scan", "showed", "an", "irregular", "parietal", "thickening", "in", "the", "proximal", "ileum", "with", "obstruction", ",", "without", "lymphadenopathy", ".", "There", "are", "isolated", "pulmonary", "nodules", "with", "irregular", "borders", "in", "the", "lung", "bases", ".", "Small", "bowel", "neoplasia", "with", "pulmonary", "metastases", "is", "reported", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "diagnosis", "the", "tests", "were", "unknown", ".", "Urgent", "surgery", "was", "performed", "with", "resection", "of", "a", "non-tumourous", "mass", "in", "the", "proximal", "ileum", "with", "anatomopathological", "findings", "of", "granulomatous", "enteritis", ".", "A", "few", "days", "later", ",", "a", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "chest", "showed", "bilateral", "pulmonary", "nodules", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "upper", "lobes", ",", "with", "irregular", "borders", ",", "some", "of", "them", "cavitated", ",", "and", "pulmonary", "areas", "with", "a", "tree-shaped", "pattern", ".", "Bronchoalveolar", "lavage", "revealed", "M", ".", "tubercolysis", "with", "the", "final", "diagnosis", "of", "disseminated", "pulmonary", "and", "gastrointestinal", "tuberculosis", "." ]
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[ { "text": "M. tubercolysis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 950, "end": 965 }, { "text": "tree", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 897, "end": 901 } ]
en
A 34-year-old man from Spain, with no epidemiological history of visits to endemic areas of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), bone marrow transplant due to idiopathic bone marrow aplasia after HBV hepatitis. The patient showed poor response to treatment with frequent transfusion requirements and 21 days post-transplant developed acute skin symptoms characterised by erythematous plaques with geographic borders and multiple hyperpigmented papules on the face, posterior cervical region and back. A punch skin biopsy was submitted with suspicion of GVHD. Histopathology of the skin biopsy revealed abundant intra- and extracellular spherical parasites (amastigotes), which were initially interpreted as Leishmania or a related parasite. Fresh peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspirate demonstrate the presence of abundant flagellated pyriform forms (trypomastigotes) characteristic of Trypanosoma cruzi. A bone marrow cylinder biopsy was performed including a small fragment of skeletal muscle, with marrow hypoplasia and intracellular muscle parasitism by T. cruzi amastigotes. On day 35 post-transplant, the patient presented retinal haemorrhages with soft exudates within the clinical picture of trypanosomiasis. After serological and PCR confirmation of T. cruzi infection, treatment with benznidazole was started with progressive clinical improvement. The patient underwent an exhaustive epidemiological study and it was concluded that the route of transmission of the infection must have been one of the multiple transfusions received.
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[ { "text": "Leishmania", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 713, "end": 723 }, { "text": "Trypanosoma cruzi", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 901, "end": 918 }, { "text": "HBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 202, "end": 205 }, { "text": "amastigotes", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 663, "end": 674 }, { "text": "amastigotes", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1082, "end": 1093 }, { "text": "T. cruzi amastigotes", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1073, "end": 1093 } ]
en
A 43-year-old man whose only medical history was admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in December 2014, lasting 2 months, for septic shock of non-filarial origin with multi-organ failure, in the context of catarrhal symptoms, associated with polyserositis and rhabdomyolysis. During subsequent follow-up in outpatient Internal Medicine (IM) consultations, the only finding of interest was the presence in serum and urine of a monoclonal component in the gamma zone; in immunoelectrophoresis, IgG kappa paraprotein IgG. In December 2015, she attended the emergency department reporting a 24-hour history of fever of 38°C, cough, asthenia and generalised arthromyalgia. On arrival he was haemodynamically stable, presenting after 24 hours with hypotension (BP 90/54), oedema in the lower limbs and oliguria; the rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Blood tests: Hb 20 g/dL, Ht 56.5%, leukocytes 16900 (14400 neutrophils), creatinine 1.46 mg/dL, CRP 5.1 mg/dL, rest normal. After 12 hours, the clinical evolution remained poor, with generalised oedema, anuria and a marked decrease in blood pressure (BP 63/54), tachycardia (115 bpm) and hypothermia (To 35oC), with very similar laboratory findings except for an increase in leukocytosis (19000), lactate 6.6 mmol/L (previously normal), total protein 2.6 g/dL and albumin 1.5 g/dL. For this reason, he was admitted to the ICU, where, after failing to respond to diuretic treatment, haemofiltration was started, which could be withdrawn after 3 days following a good evolution. During his stay in the ICU, bilateral patchy infiltrates secondary to adult respiratory distress were observed on chest CT, as well as mild bilateral pleural effusion and minimal pericardial effusion on transthoracic echocardiography. In addition, various cultures were taken for microbiological analysis, all of which were negative, with only isolation of Influenza A virus in nasopharyngeal exudate. Once the patient was stabilised, he returned to the IM ward with adequate diuresis and normalisation of analytical parameters. We then reviewed the previous admission to the ICU in December 2014 and found that the triad of haemoconcentration, hypoalbuminaemia and hypotension was also present at that time. All this, together with the already known presence of IgG-type paraprotein, supported the diagnostic suspicion of Systemic Capillary Leakage Syndrome, on this occasion secondary to Influenza A virus infection. Treatment was started with theophylline until serum concentrations of 10 to 20 mcg/mL and intravenous immunoglobulins on a monthly basis at high doses (initially 2 g/kg) with a gradual decrease thereafter, achieving clear symptomatic improvement during follow-up and no new outbreaks since then.
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[ { "text": "adult", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1614, "end": 1619 }, { "text": "Influenza A virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1901, "end": 1918 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1955, "end": 1962 }, { "text": "Influenza A virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2434, "end": 2451 } ]
en
An otherwise healthy 8-year-old boy of African origin (height 130 cm, weight 29 kg) came to our hospital with fever, cough, thinness and extreme tiredness of 4 days' duration. On physical examination, he had a fever (39.6°C) and presented with a painful, swollen, warm erythema with lymphadenopathy on the right side of the neck. Cellulitis was diagnosed and confirmed by ultrasound; he was hospitalised for i.v. antibiotics. A few hours after admission he presented tachycardia (138 bpm), hypotension (94/40 mmHg) resistant to i.v. fluid injection and associated with a presentation of hepatomegaly and oliguria. Blood tests showed increased C-reactive protein (73 mg/L), leukocytopenia (4260/mm3) with lymphocytopenia (400/mm3), thrombocytopenia (118. 000/mm3), impaired renal activity (urea: 37 mg/dL, serum creatinine: 0.62 mg/dL), hepatic cytolysis (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase: 88 IU/L, glutamic pyruvic transaminase: 50 IU/L), myocardial necrosis (high-sensitivity troponin T values: 0.044 ng/mL, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide: 5112 pg/mL) as well as high values of D-dimer (> 4.40 μg/mL) and interleukin 6 (IL-6, 377.8 pg/mL). A two-dimensional echocardiogram revealed normal cardiac anatomical features, with left ventricular dysfunction (fractional shortening: 21%) and evidence of mitral insufficiency and a small pericardial effusion, without evidence of left ventricular dilatation, myocardial hypertrophy or significant pulmonary hypertension. The electrocardiogram was relevant for a mild ST elevation in V3, consistent with pericarditis. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit, given anticoagulants, with enoxaparin, and treated with dobutamine, which rapidly normalised his blood pressure and restored diuresis. He also received oxygen to support cardiac activity. Follow-up tests showed a rapid increase in inflammatory markers (CRP max: 151 mg/L, interleukin 6 max: 1023 pg/mL, ferritin max: 2869 ng/mL), progression of liver cytolysis (TOG max: 100 U/L, TPG max: 70 U/L) and renal failure (creatinine max: 0.75 mg/dL). A cardiac MRI performed on day 3 confirmed biventricular systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction: 41%, RV ejection fraction: 46%) with mild pericardial effusion, mild subepicardial gadolinium enhancement of the lateral septum and signs of diffuse oedema. His day 3 chest X-ray showed bilateral lower lobe pneumopathy with bilateral pleural effusion, without ground-glass opacities. A nasopharyngeal swab obtained on admission was positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR. In addition, a PCR of stool, collected on day 6, was also positive (N1 gene at 39 CT and RdPR gene at 39 CT). The patient had high Ig A and Ig G values in serum samples on day 6 (Ig A: 8.39; Ig G: 10.90, using an enzyme immunoadsorption assay kit). Tests for other cardiotropic pathogens were negative (nasopharyngeal swab PCR for adenovirus, coronavirus NL63, 229E, OC43 and HKU1, enterovirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae; pharyngeal exudate; serological tests for parvovirus B19; blood cultures). He received i.v. immunoglobulins. (2 g/kg over two days). Dobutamine (max: 8.5 μg/kg/min) was withdrawn on day two, replaced by milrinone (max: 0.6 μg/kg/min) until day 3. As COVID-19 was rapidly confirmed and the patient had a life-threatening condition associated with a massive inflammatory crisis considering the IL-6 value, tocilizumab (2 doses of 8 mg/kg2) was administered according to national guidelines for COVID-19. Surprisingly, the cervical cellulitis disappeared after the first dose of tocilizumab, which was well tolerated with no adverse effects until discharge. It could be that the cellulitis was a dermatological feature of COVID-19. A follow-up cardiac MRI performed one week later showed normal systolic activity and regression of myocardial oedema. The patient was discharged on day 10 with normal cardiac activity and normalisation of haematic abnormalities.
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"bilateral", "lower", "lobe", "pneumopathy", "with", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", ",", "without", "ground-glass", "opacities", ".", "A", "nasopharyngeal", "swab", "obtained", "on", "admission", "was", "positive", "for", "SARS-CoV-2", "by", "real-time", "RT-PCR", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "a", "PCR", "of", "stool", ",", "collected", "on", "day", "6", ",", "was", "also", "positive", "(", "N1", "gene", "at", "39", "CT", "and", "RdPR", "gene", "at", "39", "CT", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "high", "Ig", "A", "and", "Ig", "G", "values", "in", "serum", "samples", "on", "day", "6", "(", "Ig", "A", ":", "8", ".", "39", ";", "Ig", "G", ":", "10", ".", "90", ",", "using", "an", "enzyme", "immunoadsorption", "assay", "kit", ")", ".", "Tests", "for", "other", "cardiotropic", "pathogens", "were", "negative", "(", "nasopharyngeal", "swab", "PCR", "for", "adenovirus", ",", "coronavirus", "NL63", ",", "229E", ",", "OC43", "and", "HKU1", ",", "enterovirus", ",", "parainfluenza", "virus", 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"disappeared", "after", "the", "first", "dose", "of", "tocilizumab", ",", "which", "was", "well", "tolerated", "with", "no", "adverse", "effects", "until", "discharge", ".", "It", "could", "be", "that", "the", "cellulitis", "was", "a", "dermatological", "feature", "of", "COVID-19", ".", "A", "follow-up", "cardiac", "MRI", "performed", "one", "week", "later", "showed", "normal", "systolic", "activity", "and", "regression", "of", "myocardial", "oedema", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "discharged", "on", "day", "10", "with", "normal", "cardiac", "activity", "and", "normalisation", "of", "haematic", "abnormalities", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2994, "end": 3015 }, { "text": "adenovirus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2889, "end": 2899 }, { "text": "coronavirus NL63", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2901, "end": 2917 }, { "text": "enterovirus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2940, "end": 2951 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1586, "end": 1593 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2672, "end": 2679 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3306, "end": 3313 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3868, "end": 3875 }, { "text": "cardiotropic pathogens", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2823, "end": 2845 }, { "text": "parainfluenza virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2953, "end": 2972 }, { "text": "SARS-CoV-2", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2526, "end": 2536 }, { "text": "influenza virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2974, "end": 2989 }, { "text": "parvovirus B19", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3059, "end": 3073 }, { "text": "coronavirus NL63, 229E", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2901, "end": 2923 }, { "text": "coronavirus NL63, 229E, OC43", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2901, "end": 2929 } ]
en
This is a 63-year-old female patient from a rural area in Mayabeque province. She had a personal history of bronchial asthma, for which she was prescribed prednisone during crises; however, she sometimes self-medicated herself and had been taking this drug regularly for the last 10 years. The patient went to the Emergency Department of the General Hospital 'Calixto García', presenting vomiting, intermittent diarrhoea alternating with constipation, pain in the epigastrium, asthenia and weight loss of more than 20 pounds in the last 2 months. He also reported episodes of pruritic maculopapular lesions on the feet, groin and hands for the past 5 years, which he said lasted about 15 days and generally improved with steroid creams. Physical examination revealed only pain on deep palpation in the epigastrium. Complementary examinations showed the following results: haemoglobin 12.3 g/L, leucocytes: 11.9 x 109, polymorphonuclear: 71.9 x109 , lymphocytes 17.4, platelets 329 x109, eosinophil count 0.79 x109, HIV: negative. Panendoscopy: duodenitis and erythematous pangastritis, hiatal hernia and mild biliary reflux. Chest X-ray: signs of pulmonary emphysema without other alterations. Parasitological examination of stool: the first examination was negative; the second and third examination showed rhabditoid larvae of S. stercoralis, 4 per field at 400X magnification.
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en
A 25 year old Colombian woman was admitted to our Obstetrics Department for presenting with rupture of membranes at 24 weeks and 5 days gestation. She had no family or personal history of interest. Gynaecological history: menarche at 14 years of age; M.F.: 3-4/32. In a routine pregnancy examination performed at 20 weeks' gestation, she was diagnosed with vaginal condylomatosis. Examination on admission: apyretic patient. Inspection of the external genitalia revealed multiple vulvoperineal condylomas. TV: cervix formed, posterior and closed. There was abundant clear water flowing. Ultrasound: foetus in cephalic longitudinal. Posterior placenta, ILA 8 (amniotic fluid index). F.C.F. positive. Estimated foetal weight: 641 g. Treatment with intravenous antibiotics was started and a series of complementary tests were performed (complete CBC, serology, vaginal, rectal and amniotic fluid cultures, and hybridisation test for HPV), the results of which are shown in table 1, and which led to the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis. Labour was triggered one week later and due to the presence of chorioamnionitis and foetal immaturity was allowed to progress. Delivery was spontaneous, with a live male foetus of 690 g, pH of artery 7.24 and pH of vein 7.48. Apgar test at 1 and 5.5. Placenta of 167 g, hypermature with signs of chorioamnionitis. After delivery, biopsies of the vagina and perineum were performed, the results of which were: condyloma acuminatum of the vagina and condyloma acuminatum of the perineum respecting the edges. The neonate died at 40 days of life.
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 416, "end": 423 }, { "text": "family", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 158, "end": 164 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 168, "end": 176 }, { "text": "HPV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 931, "end": 934 }, { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1198, "end": 1202 } ]
en
We present the case of a 53-year-old male smoker with HIV and HCV infection. The patient's immunovirological status was 140 CD4/μL and 6,892,470 viral RNA copies/ml. He had started antiretroviral treatment one week earlier with darunavir, cobicistat, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine. He had not received treatment for HCV infection, whose last detected viral load (four years earlier) was 14,261,452 viral RNA copies/ml. She consulted the emergency department because she had been suffering from a feeling of dystrophy for a month, which had increased in recent weeks, with daily fever and profuse sweating. She also reported epigastralgia and heartburn after eating, a feeling of fullness postprandially, early satiety and occasional diarrhoeal stools with red blood, all of which had also been going on for a month. Finally, he reported cough and whitish expectoration. On examination, the patient showed muco-cutaneous pallor and was eupneic at rest, conscious, oriented and cooperative. He was febrile (39.7 oC), with a blood pressure of 93/64 mmHg, a heart rate of 104 beats per minute and an oxygen saturation of 96% while breathing room air. Auscultation showed rhythmic tones without audible murmurs and a preserved vesicular murmur. At the lymph node level, there were palpable smooth and rounded laterocervical lymph nodes measuring approximately 1 cm, with no lymph nodes at other levels. On abdominal palpation, the abdomen was soft and depressible, not painful on palpation, with no signs of peritonism, with hydro-aerial sounds present, and hepatomegaly measuring 2 fingerbreadths was observed. The rest of the examination showed no other alterations. Chest and abdominal X-rays showed no significant findings. The haemogram showed hypochromic microcytic anaemia with haemoglobin of 9.9 g/dL, 7,000 leukocytes/μL (85.60% neutrophils) and 190,000 platelets/μL. Biochemistry showed: GOT 65 U/L, GPT 30 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 239 U/L, GGT 341 U/L, calcium 7.5 mg/dl and sodium 125 mmol/L. Renal function, bilirubin, lipase and urinalysis were normal. Blood cultures in aerobic and anaerobic medium obtained from the ED during the fever peak were negative. Serology for syphilis and Toxoplasma gondii were negative. Detection of Clostridium difficile toxin and parasites in stool was requested, as well as stool culture, all of which were negative. In view of the symptoms presented, it was decided to perform an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy. The abdominal CT scan showed hepatosplenomegaly, multiple hypodense lesions in the spleen compatible with microabscesses, intra- and retroperitoneal abdominal lymphadenopathy, small free ascites and segmental thickening of the cecum, non-specific, with no other findings of interest. Gastroscopy revealed a non-specific thickening of the gastric body compatible with chronic gastritis. Colonoscopy explored the entire colon in good preparation conditions, with no alterations, except for congestive internal haemorrhoids and anal fissure. A diagnostic test was performed. Differential diagnosis For the differential diagnosis we must take into account those processes with hepatosplenomegaly, lesions compatible with splenic microabscesses as well as multiple intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal adenopathies. Sarcoidosis may be the cause of sterile splenic microabscesses, but it is not typical in a state of cellular immunosuppression such as that of our patient. As for neoplasms, Kaposi's sarcoma may present with adenopathy and lesions resembling microabscesses, but this would be unlikely in our case given the absence of typical skin lesions. On the other hand, metastatic lesions should also be considered, but the radiological behaviour is different, and the absence of liver lesions and primary tumour, together with the normal colonoscopy, militate against this diagnosis, as well as the presence of high fever above 39o C. It is more likely that the patient has lymphoma, as it sometimes causes lesions in the spleen that can simulate microabscesses, which cannot be ruled out until a histological diagnosis is made if the microbiological studies are negative. The microorganisms that can produce splenic microabscesses are: - Histoplasma capsulatum - Leishmania - Candida albicans - Salmonella - Shigella - Campylobacter jejuni - Pneumocystis jirovecii - Coccidioides - Toxoplasmagondii - Aspergillus - Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Mycobacterium avium complex With regard to fungal infections, we could rule out histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis from the outset, as they are not endemic in our environment. Moreover, when these infections produce microabscesses, they do so in the context of disseminated infection with pulmonary involvement. Aspergillus spp is also a cause of splenic microabscesses, but it usually occurs in patients with CD4 counts below 100 cells/μL, and who also have neutropenia or steroid treatment, which was not the case in our patient. We should also mention hepato-splenic candidiasis, which would be ruled out as it is typical of haematological patients in the recovery phase of neutropenia. Extrapulmonary infection by Pneumocystis jirovecii is also a cause of splenic, liver and kidney abscesses; however, it is mainly described in the context of severe pulmonary disease caused by this microorganism or in patients undergoing prophylaxis with pentamidine aerosols, data absent in our case. On the other hand, splenic microabscesses have been described in the context of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. bacteraemia, but negative blood cultures make their diagnosis very unlikely. Bacillary angiomatosis, another cause of splenic abscesses, is far from our diagnosis as it is characterised by typical skin lesions and lower CD4 counts than those shown by our patient. Extracerebral toxoplasmosis has been described as a rare cause of splenic abscesses. Generally, the most affected organs in case of extracerebral toxoplasmosis are the heart and lungs. It requires a high degree of immunosuppression, with less than 100 CD4/μL. The negative serology for T. gondii in our patient would rule out this entity. Disseminated leishmaniasis has been documented as a cause of nodular splenic lesions. However, its typical presentation is with pancytopenia, which was absent in our case. Finally, mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex, can cause liver and splenic abscesses with negative bacterial cultures. M. avium infection would be less likely because it usually appears in patients with CD4 counts below 50 cells/μL, on the contrary the whole clinical picture of fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly with ascites, microabscesses and dissociated cholestasis, in a patient with HIV infection with more than 100 CD4/μL, makes M. tuberculosis infection the first diagnosis to be considered in our patient. Evolution Given the high suspicion of disseminated tuberculosis, a blood culture for mycobacteria and urine samples for smear microscopy and culture of these microorganisms were obtained, and empirical treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol was started. During the first days of treatment, the fever disappeared and the patient's general condition improved. However, on the fourth day, fever and asthenia reappeared, and he developed jaundiced skin and mucous membranes. Bilirubin increased to 6.45 mg/dL, with an increase in alkaline phosphatase and GGT, but no increase in cytolysis enzymes. Suspicion of rifampicin toxicity led to discontinuation of the tuberculostatics. After that, the patient continued with a persistent but well-tolerated fever of around 38oC, and with an analytical improvement in liver function parameters, with a progressive decrease in cholestasis parameters. Several days later, once the analytical parameters had normalised, it was decided to restart the tuberculostatic treatment, progressively introducing the drugs, without using rifampicin this time. Treatment was started with isoniazid, which was well tolerated, so pyrazinamide, ethambutol and streptomycin were added a week later. Despite treatment, the patient continued in a similar situation, with daily fever and night sweats, although well tolerated, without any device symptoms. Therefore, naproxen was added to the treatment, after which the fever disappeared, and the patient was discharged for follow-up consultations. After discharge, M. tuberculosis was found to grow in blood cultures for mycobacteria, resistant only to streptomycin, which was withdrawn from treatment. The patient was treated with tuberculostatics for one year with complete resolution of the clinical picture. Final diagnosis Disseminated tuberculosis in a patient with HIV infection with splenic microabscess formation.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "53-year-old", "male", "smoker", "with", "HIV", "and", "HCV", "infection", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "immunovirological", "status", "was", "140", "CD4", "/", "μL", "and", "6", ",", "892", ",", "470", "viral", "RNA", "copies", "/", "ml", ".", "He", "had", "started", "antiretroviral", "treatment", "one", "week", "earlier", "with", "darunavir", ",", "cobicistat", ",", "tenofovir", "disoproxil", "fumarate", "and", "emtricitabine", ".", "He", "had", "not", "received", "treatment", "for", "HCV", "infection", ",", "whose", "last", "detected", "viral", "load", "(", "four", "years", "earlier", ")", "was", "14", ",", "261", ",", "452", "viral", "RNA", "copies", "/", "ml", ".", "She", "consulted", "the", "emergency", "department", "because", "she", "had", "been", "suffering", "from", "a", "feeling", "of", "dystrophy", "for", "a", "month", ",", "which", "had", "increased", "in", "recent", "weeks", ",", "with", "daily", "fever", "and", "profuse", "sweating", ".", "She", "also", "reported", "epigastralgia", "and", "heartburn", "after", "eating", ",", "a", "feeling", "of", "fullness", "postprandially", ",", "early", "satiety", "and", "occasional", "diarrhoeal", "stools", "with", "red", "blood", ",", "all", "of", "which", "had", "also", "been", "going", "on", "for", "a", "month", ".", "Finally", ",", "he", "reported", "cough", "and", "whitish", "expectoration", ".", "On", "examination", ",", "the", "patient", "showed", "muco-cutaneous", "pallor", "and", "was", "eupneic", "at", "rest", ",", "conscious", ",", "oriented", "and", "cooperative", ".", "He", "was", "febrile", "(", "39", ".", "7", "oC", ")", ",", "with", "a", "blood", "pressure", "of", "93", "/", "64", "mmHg", ",", "a", "heart", "rate", "of", "104", "beats", "per", "minute", "and", "an", "oxygen", "saturation", "of", "96", "%", "while", "breathing", "room", "air", ".", "Auscultation", "showed", "rhythmic", "tones", "without", "audible", "murmurs", "and", "a", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", ".", "At", "the", "lymph", "node", "level", ",", "there", "were", "palpable", "smooth", "and", "rounded", "laterocervical", "lymph", "nodes", "measuring", "approximately", "1", "cm", ",", "with", "no", "lymph", "nodes", "at", "other", "levels", ".", "On", "abdominal", "palpation", ",", "the", "abdomen", "was", "soft", "and", "depressible", ",", "not", "painful", "on", "palpation", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "peritonism", ",", "with", "hydro-aerial", "sounds", "present", ",", "and", "hepatomegaly", "measuring", "2", "fingerbreadths", "was", "observed", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", "showed", "no", "other", "alterations", ".", "Chest", "and", "abdominal", "X-rays", "showed", "no", "significant", "findings", ".", "The", "haemogram", "showed", "hypochromic", "microcytic", "anaemia", "with", "haemoglobin", "of", "9", ".", "9", "g", "/", "dL", ",", "7", ",", "000", "leukocytes", "/", "μL", "(", "85", ".", "60", "%", "neutrophils", ")", "and", "190", ",", "000", "platelets", "/", "μL", ".", "Biochemistry", "showed", ":", "GOT", "65", "U", "/", "L", ",", "GPT", "30", "U", "/", "L", ",", "alkaline", "phosphatase", "239", "U", "/", "L", ",", "GGT", "341", "U", "/", "L", ",", "calcium", "7", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "sodium", "125", "mmol", "/", "L", ".", "Renal", "function", ",", "bilirubin", ",", "lipase", "and", "urinalysis", "were", "normal", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "in", "aerobic", "and", "anaerobic", "medium", "obtained", "from", "the", "ED", "during", "the", "fever", "peak", "were", "negative", ".", "Serology", "for", "syphilis", "and", "Toxoplasma", "gondii", "were", "negative", ".", "Detection", "of", "Clostridium", "difficile", "toxin", "and", "parasites", "in", "stool", "was", "requested", ",", "as", "well", "as", "stool", "culture", ",", "all", "of", "which", "were", "negative", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "symptoms", "presented", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "an", "abdominal", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", ",", "upper", "gastrointestinal", "endoscopy", "and", "colonoscopy", ".", "The", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "showed", "hepatosplenomegaly", ",", "multiple", "hypodense", "lesions", "in", "the", "spleen", "compatible", "with", "microabscesses", ",", "intra", "-", "and", "retroperitoneal", "abdominal", "lymphadenopathy", ",", "small", "free", "ascites", "and", "segmental", "thickening", "of", "the", "cecum", ",", "non-specific", ",", "with", "no", "other", "findings", "of", "interest", ".", "Gastroscopy", "revealed", "a", "non-specific", "thickening", "of", "the", "gastric", "body", "compatible", "with", "chronic", "gastritis", ".", "Colonoscopy", "explored", "the", "entire", "colon", "in", "good", "preparation", "conditions", ",", "with", "no", "alterations", ",", "except", "for", "congestive", "internal", "haemorrhoids", "and", "anal", "fissure", ".", "A", "diagnostic", "test", "was", "performed", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "For", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "we", "must", "take", "into", "account", "those", "processes", "with", "hepatosplenomegaly", ",", "lesions", "compatible", "with", "splenic", "microabscesses", "as", "well", "as", "multiple", "intra-abdominal", "and", "retroperitoneal", "adenopathies", ".", "Sarcoidosis", "may", "be", "the", "cause", "of", "sterile", "splenic", "microabscesses", ",", "but", "it", "is", "not", "typical", "in", "a", "state", "of", "cellular", "immunosuppression", "such", "as", "that", "of", "our", "patient", ".", "As", "for", "neoplasms", ",", "Kaposi", "'", "s", "sarcoma", "may", "present", "with", "adenopathy", "and", "lesions", "resembling", "microabscesses", ",", "but", "this", "would", "be", "unlikely", "in", "our", "case", "given", "the", "absence", "of", "typical", "skin", "lesions", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "metastatic", "lesions", "should", "also", "be", "considered", ",", "but", "the", "radiological", "behaviour", "is", "different", ",", "and", "the", "absence", "of", "liver", "lesions", "and", "primary", "tumour", ",", "together", "with", "the", "normal", "colonoscopy", ",", "militate", "against", "this", "diagnosis", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "presence", "of", "high", "fever", "above", "39o", "C", ".", "It", "is", "more", "likely", "that", "the", "patient", "has", "lymphoma", ",", "as", "it", "sometimes", "causes", "lesions", "in", "the", "spleen", "that", "can", "simulate", "microabscesses", ",", "which", "cannot", "be", "ruled", "out", "until", "a", "histological", "diagnosis", "is", "made", "if", "the", "microbiological", "studies", "are", "negative", ".", "The", "microorganisms", "that", "can", "produce", "splenic", "microabscesses", "are", ":", "-", "Histoplasma", "capsulatum", "-", "Leishmania", "-", "Candida", "albicans", "-", "Salmonella", "-", "Shigella", "-", "Campylobacter", "jejuni", "-", "Pneumocystis", "jirovecii", "-", "Coccidioides", "-", "Toxoplasmagondii", "-", "Aspergillus", "-", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "-", "Mycobacterium", "avium", "complex", "With", "regard", "to", "fungal", "infections", ",", "we", "could", "rule", "out", "histoplasmosis", "and", "coccidioidomycosis", "from", "the", "outset", ",", "as", "they", "are", "not", "endemic", "in", "our", "environment", ".", "Moreover", ",", "when", "these", "infections", "produce", "microabscesses", ",", "they", "do", "so", "in", "the", "context", "of", "disseminated", "infection", "with", "pulmonary", "involvement", ".", "Aspergillus", "spp", "is", "also", "a", "cause", "of", "splenic", "microabscesses", ",", "but", "it", "usually", "occurs", "in", "patients", "with", "CD4", "counts", "below", "100", "cells", "/", "μL", ",", "and", "who", "also", "have", "neutropenia", "or", "steroid", "treatment", ",", "which", "was", "not", "the", "case", "in", "our", "patient", ".", "We", "should", "also", "mention", "hepato-splenic", "candidiasis", ",", "which", "would", "be", "ruled", "out", "as", "it", "is", "typical", "of", "haematological", "patients", "in", "the", "recovery", "phase", "of", "neutropenia", ".", "Extrapulmonary", "infection", "by", "Pneumocystis", "jirovecii", "is", "also", "a", "cause", "of", "splenic", ",", "liver", "and", "kidney", "abscesses", ";", "however", ",", "it", "is", "mainly", "described", "in", "the", "context", "of", "severe", "pulmonary", "disease", "caused", "by", "this", "microorganism", "or", "in", "patients", "undergoing", "prophylaxis", "with", "pentamidine", "aerosols", ",", "data", "absent", "in", "our", "case", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "splenic", "microabscesses", "have", "been", "described", "in", "the", "context", "of", "Salmonella", "spp", ".", ",", "Shigella", "spp", ".", "and", "Campylobacter", "spp", ".", "bacteraemia", ",", "but", "negative", "blood", "cultures", "make", "their", "diagnosis", "very", "unlikely", ".", "Bacillary", "angiomatosis", ",", "another", "cause", "of", "splenic", "abscesses", ",", "is", "far", "from", "our", "diagnosis", "as", "it", "is", "characterised", "by", "typical", "skin", "lesions", "and", "lower", "CD4", "counts", "than", "those", "shown", "by", "our", "patient", ".", "Extracerebral", "toxoplasmosis", "has", "been", "described", "as", "a", "rare", "cause", "of", "splenic", "abscesses", ".", "Generally", ",", "the", "most", "affected", "organs", "in", "case", "of", "extracerebral", "toxoplasmosis", "are", "the", "heart", "and", "lungs", ".", "It", "requires", "a", "high", "degree", "of", "immunosuppression", ",", "with", "less", "than", "100", "CD4", "/", "μL", ".", "The", "negative", "serology", "for", "T", ".", "gondii", "in", "our", "patient", "would", "rule", "out", "this", "entity", ".", "Disseminated", "leishmaniasis", "has", "been", "documented", "as", "a", "cause", "of", "nodular", "splenic", "lesions", ".", "However", ",", "its", "typical", "presentation", "is", "with", "pancytopenia", ",", "which", "was", "absent", "in", "our", "case", ".", "Finally", ",", "mycobacteria", ",", "especially", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "and", "Mycobacterium", "avium", "complex", ",", "can", "cause", "liver", "and", "splenic", "abscesses", "with", "negative", "bacterial", "cultures", ".", "M", ".", "avium", "infection", "would", "be", "less", "likely", "because", "it", "usually", "appears", "in", "patients", "with", "CD4", "counts", "below", "50", "cells", "/", "μL", ",", "on", "the", "contrary", "the", "whole", "clinical", "picture", "of", "fever", ",", "lymphadenopathy", ",", "hepatosplenomegaly", "with", "ascites", ",", "microabscesses", "and", "dissociated", "cholestasis", ",", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "HIV", "infection", "with", "more", "than", "100", "CD4", "/", "μL", ",", "makes", "M", ".", "tuberculosis", "infection", "the", "first", "diagnosis", "to", "be", "considered", "in", "our", "patient", ".", "Evolution", "Given", "the", "high", "suspicion", "of", "disseminated", "tuberculosis", ",", "a", "blood", "culture", "for", "mycobacteria", "and", "urine", "samples", "for", "smear", "microscopy", "and", "culture", "of", "these", "microorganisms", "were", "obtained", ",", "and", "empirical", "treatment", "with", "isoniazid", ",", "rifampicin", ",", "pyrazinamide", "and", "ethambutol", "was", "started", ".", "During", "the", "first", "days", "of", "treatment", ",", "the", "fever", "disappeared", "and", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "general", "condition", "improved", ".", "However", ",", "on", "the", "fourth", "day", ",", "fever", "and", "asthenia", "reappeared", ",", "and", "he", "developed", "jaundiced", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membranes", ".", "Bilirubin", "increased", "to", "6", ".", "45", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "with", "an", "increase", "in", "alkaline", "phosphatase", "and", "GGT", ",", "but", "no", "increase", "in", "cytolysis", "enzymes", ".", "Suspicion", "of", "rifampicin", "toxicity", "led", "to", "discontinuation", "of", "the", "tuberculostatics", ".", "After", "that", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "with", "a", "persistent", "but", "well-tolerated", "fever", "of", "around", "38oC", ",", "and", "with", "an", "analytical", "improvement", "in", "liver", "function", "parameters", ",", "with", "a", "progressive", "decrease", "in", "cholestasis", "parameters", ".", "Several", "days", "later", ",", "once", "the", "analytical", "parameters", "had", "normalised", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "restart", "the", "tuberculostatic", "treatment", ",", "progressively", "introducing", "the", "drugs", ",", "without", "using", "rifampicin", "this", "time", ".", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "isoniazid", ",", "which", "was", "well", "tolerated", ",", "so", "pyrazinamide", ",", "ethambutol", "and", "streptomycin", "were", "added", "a", "week", "later", ".", "Despite", "treatment", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "in", "a", "similar", "situation", ",", "with", "daily", "fever", "and", "night", "sweats", ",", "although", "well", "tolerated", ",", "without", "any", "device", "symptoms", ".", "Therefore", ",", "naproxen", "was", "added", "to", "the", "treatment", ",", "after", "which", "the", "fever", "disappeared", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "for", "follow-up", "consultations", ".", "After", "discharge", ",", "M", ".", "tuberculosis", "was", "found", "to", "grow", "in", "blood", "cultures", "for", "mycobacteria", ",", "resistant", "only", "to", "streptomycin", ",", "which", "was", "withdrawn", "from", "treatment", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "treated", "with", "tuberculostatics", "for", "one", "year", "with", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "clinical", "picture", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Disseminated", "tuberculosis", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "HIV", "infection", "with", "splenic", "microabscess", "formation", "." ]
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en
We present the case of a 50-year-old man from Guinea Conakry, resident for nine years in Spain, HIV-positive and on antiretroviral treatment (TDF/ FTC/EFV). He had travelled to his country for four months, where he developed diarrhoea and abdominal pain that required hospital admission. He presented with CD4 77/μL, Hb 7.2 g/dL, normal abdominal ultrasound, negative stool culture and parasites. He received empirical treatment with clarithromycin, amoxicillin, fluconazole, cotrimoxazole and omeprazole with improvement. ART was changed to AZT/3TC and LPV/r. Three months after his return to Spain, he started a new two-week course of symptoms with 4-8 liquid stools without pathological products, nausea, epi-mesogastric pain, prostration and loss of 10 kg. On admission he had hypotension, creatinine 1.7 mg/dl, eosinophils 5,260/μL, CD4 211/μL and HIV viraemia 1100/ml. Stool cultures, Giardia and Entamoeba histolytica antigens, parasites and Cryptosporidium stain in stool, thick drop, microfilariae in blood and multiple serologies were negative. Sequential empirical treatment with ceftriaxone, metronidazole, cotrimoxazole, albendazole, praziquantel and ivermectin was started, with clinical improvement. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy were performed with biopsies without alterations. On discharge, ART was changed to DTG/ABC/3TC and prophylactic daily cotrimoxazole was maintained. As eosinophilia persisted, the dose of cotrimoxazole was reduced and two weeks later he was admitted again for the same symptoms as before. This time Cystoisospora belli oocysts were visualised in the stool, and the condition improved rapidly after a new course of cotrimoxazole and prolonged secondary prophylaxis.
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en
Reason for consultation Weakness in the lower limbs. Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests). Male, 27 years old. Chronic renal disease and malignant hypertension. Living donor renal transplant. Anamnesis: patient attended the primary care emergency department due to a progressive decrease in muscle strength in the lower limbs, especially when standing upright, accompanied by intermittent myalgias. At the beginning of this clinical picture, the patient relates it to stiffness due to physical exercise. Progressively, the weakness progresses towards the proximal area producing weakness in the hands. Currently with weakness on ambulation, he is unable to stand on his own. Three weeks ago she had gastroenteritis with diarrhoea and fever of 38oC for two days, which self-limited. No traumatic history. No loss of sensibility. Afebrile. Physical examination: Glasgow 15/15. PINLA. No campimetric alterations by confrontation. EOMs present, rest of cranial nerves preserved. No sensory alterations. Not able to get up from the chair, even with support, requires help. Walking possible with assistance, although hampered by bilateral steppage. He does not stand on heels or tiptoes. Muscle balance (D/I): deltoid 4/4, biceps +4/+4, triceps 4/4, carpal extensors 4+/4+, carpal flexors 4/4, interosseus 3/3. In lower limbs (D/I): Psoas 4+/4+, biceps femoris 3+/3+, quadriceps does not reach full range of motion (2/2), tibialis anterior 2/1, plantar flexion 2/2, extensor digitorum longus first toe 2/2. No hoffman or clonus. Bilateral flexor PCR. Bicipitals present normally. Radialis hypoactive. Patellar normal. I do not obtain Achilles. Family and community approach Independent for basic activities of daily living. Teacher studying for competitive examinations and doing a master's degree in languages. Lives with parents. Medium-high socio-cultural level. Clinical judgement (list of problems, differential diagnosis) Acute inflammatory demyelinating demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain Barré Syndrome). Action plan and evolution Given the history of acute gastroenteritis and the current neurological symptoms, Guillain Barré Syndrome was suspected and the patient was referred to the emergency department. Cranial CT scan was performed and found to be normal. CSF: Biochemistry: cells 1, proteins 47, micro CSF: normal. CBC: Cr 1.1, urea 60, K 3.4, syphilis serology negative, Anti-HBs, Anti HSV 1 and CMV positive Ig G, thyroid normal. Normal iron, b12 and folic acid. ENG: predominantly motor and demyelinating polyneuropathy. The patient underwent a course of gamma globulins with improvement. At present he continues to undergo rehabilitation and functional limitation persists with alterations in gait and limitation in both hands.
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en
We present the case of a 37-year-old woman, with the only clinical history of anxious-depressive syndrome treated with lorazepam and fluoxetine, who consulted the emergency department a week after suffering a tonsillar process manifested with odynophagia and treated with antibiotherapy by her primary care physician, with a sensation of numbness in the left hemibody, diplopia and gait instability. In view of these symptoms, a cranial CAT scan was performed, which was normal, and the patient was discharged. However, at home there was a progressive worsening of the symptoms, with a generalised sensation of numbness, inability to ambulate and diplopia, for which reason she was admitted to the hospital ward. After 24 hours of admission she continued to worsen, with the appearance of intense somnolence, disorientation, bilateral ophthalmoparesis (with ptosis and limitation of all eye movements) and predominantly crural tetraparesis, with bilateral Babinski; in this situation the patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit, requiring orotracheal intubation. Complementary tests - Haemogram and biochemistry with no significant alterations. Anti-NMDA and anti-acetylcholine receptor negative. Negative antiganglioside antibodies (including antiGQ1B). - CSF: normal biochemistry. PCR of enterovirus, Herpes virus and Varicella Zoster negative. Bacterial and fungal cultures negative. BAAR negative. - Cranial CT scan: normal. - Cranial MRI: normal. - Control cranial MRI (performed 2 weeks after admission): no significant alterations in the trunk or cerebellum. Faint symmetrical focal images of increased signal in Flair can be seen at the level of both internal capsules, without restriction in diffusion, as well as other subcortical images at the parietooccipital level of similar characteristics, of a non-specific nature. - Cervical spine MRI: discrete posterior disc protrusions at the level of C5-C6 and C6-C7. - Electrophysiological study: normal. - Control electrophysiological study: sensory, motor and F-response conduction of both MMII normal. F of both MMII normal. EEG: slowed bioelectrical activity of medium voltage without other superimposed anomalies. Single fibre EMG: normal study. VEPs: normal study. Calculation of VA of OI:1. Evolution The patient was admitted to the ICU for 2 weeks, where she evolved favourably in relation to the clinical picture described above. When she returned to the conventional hospital ward, she was conscious and alert, with complete ophthalmoparesis and left ptosis, limitation of bilateral horizontal and vertical gaze in the left eye, without nystagmus. In addition, tetraparesis of intensity 4/5 in upper limbs and 3/5 in lower limbs, ROT somewhat alive in upper limbs, weak patellar and conserved Achilles, right Babinski, and indifferent left plantar cutaneous reflex. In the following days he continued to progress favourably, and the tracheostomy was closed without incident, with progressive recovery of the motor deficit, returning to being able to ambulate, and with slow improvement of the ophthalmoplegia, but with persistent left palpebral ptosis and limitation of the upper vertical gaze in the left eye. Diagnosis Bickerstaff's encephalitis.
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en
This is a 25 year old woman, born and resident in Barcelona, single, who is admitted to the Dual Pathology Unit referred by her referral psychiatrist (CAS), to stop the consumption of cannabis and alcohol and for psychopathological stabilisation. REASON FOR CONSULTATION Somatic: No AMC. Burn injuries in the internal area of both EESS (boiling water). One miscarriage at the age of 21 (ectopic pregnancy). Psychiatric history: First contact with mental health at age 18 for anxious symptomatology in relation to difficulties in fulfilling household chores. Diagnosed with OCD and major depressive disorder three years ago, following the death of her brother. Paroxetine 60 mg/day, pregabalin 300mg/day and benzodiazepines. He stopped treatment due to improvement. One admission in November 2009 for suicidal ideation and obsessive thoughts (two months ago). PERSONAL HISTORY Tobacco: At the age of 11. Current consumption 12 cigarettes/day. Cannabis: Beginning at the age of 12, pattern of abuse, without interruption and progressive up to the current consumption of 20 joints/day. Alcohol: From age 14, high alcoholic drinks. Weekends (heavy binge drinking), irregular pattern of consumption with periods of higher/lower consumption. Maximum abstinence interval 2 months last summer. Since then daily consumption of 1 litre of wine/day. Cocaine: at the age of 18, endonasally. Period of abstinence of 1 year following the death of her brother. Relapsed a year and a half ago, with 6 months abstinence before current admission. LSD: occasional, at the age of 18. GHB (liquid ecstasy): at the age of 18, weekend use, remission 5 years ago. TOXICOLOGICAL HISTORY Polydrug addict brother (heroin and cocaine by parenteral route, BZD, alcohol), died at 27 years of age from cardiorespiratory arrest in the presence of the patient. Probable co-morbid affective disorder. Paternal uncle with a history of cocaine and heroin use, currently in sustained remission. Father with alcohol dependence disorder. Bipolar disorder in paternal aunt. FAMILY HISTORY Coinciding with the abandonment of the pharmacological treatment she had started a year and a half earlier, she presented an increase in compulsive checking behaviours (gas, cleaning), and a need for order and symmetry, accompanied by a decrease in mood, episodes of crying and thoughts related to the death of her brother, her own death and unstructured suicidal ideation, all of this progressively over the course of two months. Her psychiatrist at the CAS referred her to stop the use of cannabis and alcohol and for psychopathological stabilisation. CURRENT ILLNESS She is the fifth of 6 siblings, all boys. yChildhood: Normal psychomotor development, at school she was "restless". Conflictual family environment (alcoholic father). Tendency to ruminative thinking. Low academic performance. Low level of schooling. Sociability. Adolescence: On two occasions he has lived outside the original family nucleus. Began cocaine use with first partner at 18 years of age. First contact with mental health. Met current boyfriend 5 years ago. Occasional low-skilled work. Currently lives with her mother, brother and his partner. Death of brother in 2007, at home (addicted to heroin and cocaine, joints. Possible co-morbid affective disorder. PSYCHOBIOGRAPHY Physical examination: Skin lesions in EESS. No other noteworthy findings. Psychopathological examination: Conscious and self and allopsychically oriented. Physical appearance preserved. Spontaneous, coherent speech. Subjectively and objectively calm. Ruminative thoughts about the death of her brother. Rituals of checking (gas, under the bed) and cleanliness and symmetry. No delusional ideation of any kind. Denies thoughts of death or suicidal ideation at admission. Reactive mood, mixed mood, with oscillations ranging from sadness and crying to irritability, described as "depression". Floating anxiety. Impulsivity. Sleep and appetite preserved. No alterations in psychomotor skills or sensory perception. PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION General analyses: No biochemical or hydroelectrolytic alterations of note. Negative serologies. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II: High scores in phobic/avoidant, dependent, compulsive/rigid traits. SCID-II : High score for obsessive and dependent traits. Borderline traits. OCI-R : High score for hoarding behaviours, need for order, checking. E. COMPLEMENTARY Diagnostic orientation: Cannabis dependence disorder. Alcohol dependence disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder? Treatment: Clomipramine 75mg/day (in ascending doses). B-complex vitamin supplements Clonazepam 1.5mg/day Quetiapine 100mg/day DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT During admission, inappropriate behaviour, excessive familiarity and "compassionate" attitude towards other patients. Inappropriate affection "cries for other sick people". He presents paroxysms of psychophysical anxiety (feeling of suffocation, palpitations) which sometimes subside with verbal restraint. As the days go by, he mobilises the other patients (they come to the infirmary to say that "he is crying in the courtyard"). Affective ambivalence, incontinence. Changes in treatment with introduction of valproate but clomipramine is maintained. Quetiapine. Begins behaviour of excessive familiarity and sexual approaches with another patient. Persists in puerile behaviour, teasing, unmotivated laughter. She asks to be left in bed because she has a fever (36o). Frank manic picture with pseudomania and disjointed speech, bizarre behaviour, laughter, insults, facial tics, muscular rigidity. Mechanical and pharmacological containment with olanzapine IM. Treatment with clomipramine was discontinued. COURSE AND EVOLUTION Discontinuation of clomipramine and adjustment of the dose of valproate to 1,200mg/day. Explains progressive insomnia until the moment of decompensation. Feeling of irritability and verbal aggressiveness towards peers. Episodes that had happened before, always with previous sensation of fever. Progressive improvement until reaching euthymia. Psychopathological stabilisation Discharge Alcohol dependence disorder Cannabis dependence disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Bipolar disorder most recent manic episode Personality disorder (obsessive, histrionic, borderline, dependent) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Cannabis dependence disorder Alcohol dependence disorder Bipolar disorder type I, most recent manic episode Obsessive personality disorder Treatment at discharge: Valproate 1,200mg/day Olanzapine 10mg Antabus 1c./day DISCHARGE DIAGNOSES
[ "This", "is", "a", "25", "year", "old", "woman", ",", "born", "and", "resident", "in", "Barcelona", ",", "single", ",", "who", "is", "admitted", "to", "the", "Dual", "Pathology", "Unit", "referred", "by", "her", "referral", "psychiatrist", "(", "CAS", ")", ",", "to", "stop", "the", "consumption", "of", "cannabis", "and", "alcohol", "and", "for", "psychopathological", "stabilisation", ".", "REASON", "FOR", "CONSULTATION", "Somatic", ":", "No", "AMC", ".", "Burn", "injuries", "in", "the", "internal", "area", "of", "both", "EESS", "(", "boiling", "water", ")", ".", "One", "miscarriage", "at", "the", "age", "of", "21", "(", "ectopic", "pregnancy", ")", ".", "Psychiatric", "history", ":", "First", "contact", "with", "mental", "health", "at", "age", "18", "for", "anxious", "symptomatology", "in", "relation", "to", "difficulties", "in", "fulfilling", "household", "chores", ".", "Diagnosed", "with", "OCD", "and", "major", "depressive", "disorder", "three", "years", "ago", ",", "following", "the", "death", "of", "her", "brother", ".", "Paroxetine", "60", "mg", "/", "day", ",", "pregabalin", "300mg", "/", "day", "and", "benzodiazepines", ".", "He", "stopped", "treatment", "due", "to", "improvement", ".", "One", "admission", "in", "November", "2009", "for", "suicidal", "ideation", "and", "obsessive", "thoughts", "(", "two", "months", "ago", ")", ".", "PERSONAL", "HISTORY", "Tobacco", ":", "At", "the", "age", "of", "11", ".", "Current", "consumption", "12", "cigarettes", "/", "day", ".", "Cannabis", ":", "Beginning", "at", "the", "age", "of", "12", ",", "pattern", "of", "abuse", ",", "without", "interruption", "and", "progressive", "up", "to", "the", "current", "consumption", "of", "20", "joints", "/", "day", ".", "Alcohol", ":", "From", "age", "14", ",", "high", "alcoholic", "drinks", ".", "Weekends", "(", "heavy", "binge", "drinking", ")", ",", "irregular", "pattern", "of", "consumption", "with", "periods", "of", "higher", "/", "lower", "consumption", ".", "Maximum", "abstinence", "interval", "2", "months", "last", "summer", ".", "Since", "then", "daily", "consumption", "of", "1", "litre", "of", "wine", "/", "day", ".", "Cocaine", ":", "at", "the", "age", "of", "18", ",", "endonasally", ".", "Period", "of", "abstinence", "of", "1", "year", "following", "the", "death", "of", "her", "brother", ".", "Relapsed", "a", "year", "and", "a", "half", "ago", ",", "with", "6", "months", "abstinence", "before", "current", "admission", ".", "LSD", ":", "occasional", ",", "at", "the", "age", "of", "18", ".", "GHB", "(", "liquid", "ecstasy", ")", ":", "at", "the", "age", "of", "18", ",", "weekend", "use", ",", "remission", "5", "years", "ago", ".", "TOXICOLOGICAL", "HISTORY", "Polydrug", "addict", "brother", "(", "heroin", "and", "cocaine", "by", "parenteral", "route", ",", "BZD", ",", "alcohol", ")", ",", "died", "at", "27", "years", "of", "age", "from", "cardiorespiratory", "arrest", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "the", "patient", ".", "Probable", "co-morbid", "affective", "disorder", ".", "Paternal", "uncle", "with", "a", "history", "of", "cocaine", "and", "heroin", "use", ",", "currently", "in", "sustained", "remission", ".", "Father", "with", "alcohol", "dependence", "disorder", ".", "Bipolar", "disorder", "in", "paternal", "aunt", ".", "FAMILY", "HISTORY", "Coinciding", "with", "the", "abandonment", "of", "the", "pharmacological", "treatment", "she", "had", "started", "a", "year", "and", "a", "half", "earlier", ",", "she", "presented", "an", "increase", "in", "compulsive", "checking", "behaviours", "(", "gas", ",", "cleaning", ")", ",", "and", "a", "need", "for", "order", "and", "symmetry", ",", "accompanied", "by", "a", "decrease", "in", "mood", ",", "episodes", "of", "crying", "and", "thoughts", "related", "to", "the", "death", "of", "her", "brother", ",", "her", "own", "death", "and", "unstructured", "suicidal", "ideation", ",", "all", "of", "this", "progressively", "over", "the", "course", "of", "two", "months", ".", "Her", "psychiatrist", "at", "the", "CAS", "referred", "her", "to", "stop", "the", "use", "of", "cannabis", "and", "alcohol", "and", "for", "psychopathological", "stabilisation", ".", "CURRENT", "ILLNESS", "She", "is", "the", "fifth", "of", "6", "siblings", ",", "all", "boys", ".", "yChildhood", ":", "Normal", "psychomotor", "development", ",", "at", "school", "she", "was", "\"", "restless", "\"", ".", "Conflictual", "family", "environment", "(", "alcoholic", "father", ")", ".", "Tendency", "to", "ruminative", "thinking", ".", "Low", "academic", "performance", ".", "Low", "level", "of", "schooling", ".", "Sociability", ".", "Adolescence", ":", "On", "two", "occasions", "he", "has", "lived", "outside", "the", "original", "family", "nucleus", ".", "Began", "cocaine", "use", "with", "first", "partner", "at", "18", "years", "of", "age", ".", "First", "contact", "with", "mental", "health", ".", "Met", "current", "boyfriend", "5", "years", "ago", ".", "Occasional", "low-skilled", "work", ".", "Currently", "lives", "with", "her", "mother", ",", "brother", "and", "his", "partner", ".", "Death", "of", "brother", "in", "2007", ",", "at", "home", "(", "addicted", "to", "heroin", "and", "cocaine", ",", "joints", ".", "Possible", "co-morbid", "affective", "disorder", ".", "PSYCHOBIOGRAPHY", "Physical", "examination", ":", "Skin", "lesions", "in", "EESS", ".", "No", "other", "noteworthy", "findings", ".", "Psychopathological", "examination", ":", "Conscious", "and", "self", "and", "allopsychically", "oriented", ".", "Physical", "appearance", "preserved", ".", "Spontaneous", ",", "coherent", "speech", ".", "Subjectively", "and", "objectively", "calm", ".", "Ruminative", "thoughts", "about", "the", "death", "of", "her", "brother", ".", "Rituals", "of", "checking", "(", "gas", ",", "under", "the", "bed", ")", "and", "cleanliness", "and", "symmetry", ".", "No", "delusional", "ideation", "of", "any", "kind", ".", "Denies", "thoughts", "of", "death", "or", "suicidal", "ideation", "at", "admission", ".", "Reactive", "mood", ",", "mixed", "mood", ",", "with", "oscillations", "ranging", "from", "sadness", "and", "crying", "to", "irritability", ",", "described", "as", "\"", "depression", "\"", ".", "Floating", "anxiety", ".", "Impulsivity", ".", "Sleep", "and", "appetite", "preserved", ".", "No", "alterations", "in", "psychomotor", "skills", "or", "sensory", "perception", ".", "PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL", "EXAMINATION", "General", "analyses", ":", "No", "biochemical", "or", "hydroelectrolytic", "alterations", "of", "note", ".", "Negative", "serologies", ".", "Millon", "Clinical", "Multiaxial", "Inventory-II", ":", "High", "scores", "in", "phobic", "/", "avoidant", ",", "dependent", ",", "compulsive", "/", "rigid", "traits", ".", "SCID-II", ":", "High", "score", "for", "obsessive", "and", "dependent", "traits", ".", "Borderline", "traits", ".", "OCI-R", ":", "High", "score", "for", "hoarding", "behaviours", ",", "need", "for", "order", ",", "checking", ".", "E", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "Diagnostic", "orientation", ":", "Cannabis", "dependence", "disorder", ".", "Alcohol", "dependence", "disorder", ".", "Obsessive", "compulsive", "disorder", "?", "Treatment", ":", "Clomipramine", "75mg", "/", "day", "(", "in", "ascending", "doses", ")", ".", "B-complex", "vitamin", "supplements", "Clonazepam", "1", ".", "5mg", "/", "day", "Quetiapine", "100mg", "/", "day", "DIAGNOSIS", "AND", "TREATMENT", "During", "admission", ",", "inappropriate", "behaviour", ",", "excessive", "familiarity", "and", "\"", "compassionate", "\"", "attitude", "towards", "other", "patients", ".", "Inappropriate", "affection", "\"", "cries", "for", "other", "sick", "people", "\"", ".", "He", "presents", "paroxysms", "of", "psychophysical", "anxiety", "(", "feeling", "of", "suffocation", ",", "palpitations", ")", "which", "sometimes", "subside", "with", "verbal", "restraint", ".", "As", "the", "days", "go", "by", ",", "he", "mobilises", "the", "other", "patients", "(", "they", "come", "to", "the", "infirmary", "to", "say", "that", "\"", "he", "is", "crying", "in", "the", "courtyard", "\"", ")", ".", "Affective", "ambivalence", ",", "incontinence", ".", "Changes", "in", "treatment", "with", "introduction", "of", "valproate", "but", "clomipramine", "is", "maintained", ".", "Quetiapine", ".", "Begins", "behaviour", "of", "excessive", "familiarity", "and", "sexual", "approaches", "with", "another", "patient", ".", "Persists", "in", "puerile", "behaviour", ",", "teasing", ",", "unmotivated", "laughter", ".", "She", "asks", "to", "be", "left", "in", "bed", "because", "she", "has", "a", "fever", "(", "36o", ")", ".", "Frank", "manic", "picture", "with", "pseudomania", "and", "disjointed", "speech", ",", "bizarre", "behaviour", ",", "laughter", ",", "insults", ",", "facial", "tics", ",", "muscular", "rigidity", ".", "Mechanical", "and", "pharmacological", "containment", "with", "olanzapine", "IM", ".", "Treatment", "with", "clomipramine", "was", "discontinued", ".", "COURSE", "AND", "EVOLUTION", "Discontinuation", "of", "clomipramine", "and", "adjustment", "of", "the", "dose", "of", "valproate", "to", "1", ",", "200mg", "/", "day", ".", "Explains", "progressive", "insomnia", "until", "the", "moment", "of", "decompensation", ".", "Feeling", "of", "irritability", "and", "verbal", "aggressiveness", "towards", "peers", ".", "Episodes", "that", "had", "happened", "before", ",", "always", "with", "previous", "sensation", "of", "fever", ".", "Progressive", "improvement", "until", "reaching", "euthymia", ".", "Psychopathological", "stabilisation", "Discharge", "Alcohol", "dependence", "disorder", "Cannabis", "dependence", "disorder", "Obsessive", "compulsive", "disorder", "Bipolar", "disorder", "most", "recent", "manic", "episode", "Personality", "disorder", "(", "obsessive", ",", "histrionic", ",", "borderline", ",", "dependent", ")", "DIFFERENTIAL", "DIAGNOSIS", "Cannabis", "dependence", "disorder", "Alcohol", "dependence", "disorder", "Bipolar", "disorder", "type", "I", ",", "most", "recent", "manic", "episode", "Obsessive", "personality", "disorder", "Treatment", "at", "discharge", ":", "Valproate", "1", ",", "200mg", "/", "day", "Olanzapine", "10mg", "Antabus", "1c", ".", "/", "day", "DISCHARGE", "DIAGNOSES" ]
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en
HISTORY, CURRENT ILLNESS AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION A 26-year-old man was admitted with chest pain and elevated markers of myocardial damage. PERSONAL HISTORY Baseline: native of Colombia. Resident in Spain for the last month. Works as a gardener. No known drug allergies. No cardiovascular risk factors. No toxic habits. No personal or family cardiological history. Surgical interventions: splenectomy after traffic accident. Previous medication: none. CURRENT DISEASE Asymptomatic patient from the cardiovascular point of view, who two weeks before admission started episodes of oppressive central thoracic pain radiating to both jaws, unrelated to exercise or respiratory movements. No vegetative cortex associated. Self-limited cessation of these episodes within a few minutes. He also reported non-specific dizziness and occasional dystrophic sensation, without thermometric fever. No palpitations, dyspnoea or syncopal symptoms. No previous infectious clinical manifestations. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Afebrile, blood pressure 106/62 mmHg, heart rate 60 bpm, baseline O2 saturation 98%, referred weight 70 kg. Conscious, oriented and cooperative. Well hydrated and perfused. Good general condition. Eupneic at rest. Jugular venous pressure normal. No palpable lymph nodes. Cardiac auscultation: rhythmic without murmurs or rubbing. Pulmonary auscultation: respiratory sounds were preserved with no over-additions. Abdomen: soft, depressible and non-painful. No masses or megaliths palpable. Peristalsis present. Lower extremities: no oedema. Distal pulses present and symmetrical. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS Electrocardiogram: sinus bradycardia at 50 bpm. Normal PR. Narrow QRS. Q wave at the limit of pathological significance and ST elevation 0.5 mm in the inferior face. Laboratory tests on admission: haemoglobin 15 g/dl, platelets 350. 000 u/mm3, leukocytes 11.3 x103/mm3 (neutrophils 33.4%-3790 u/l, lymphocytes 31.4%-3560 u/l, eosinophils 27.7%-3150 u/l), basal glucose 81 mg/dl, urea 23 mg/dl, creatinine 0.79 mg/dl, sodium 131 mEq/l, potassium 4.2 mEq/l, conventional troponin I 2.7 ng/dl (normal < 0.01). Chest X-ray: normal cardio-thoracic index. No acute pleuroparenchymal lesions. Transthoracic echocardiogram: non-dilated left ventricle, normal thickness, no alterations in segmental contractility. Normal systolic function (biplane Simpson LVEF 65%). Hyperechogenic appearance of the inferolateral wall myocardium respecting the endocardium. Right ventricle of normal size with preserved systolic function. Mitral valve of normal appearance and function. Trivalve aortic valve, without insufficiency or stenosis. Tricuspid valve of normal appearance, with minimal insufficiency. Normal functioning pulmonary valve. Aortic root of normal size, no coarctation. No pericardial effusion. Cardio-MRI: ventricles of preserved size and function. Hypokinesia, oedema and late intramyocardial enhancement of subepicardial predominance in the inferolateral face are observed; findings that may be related to myocarditis in the appropriate clinical context. CT of coronary arteries: total calcium score according to Agatson index 0. Coronary arteries without anatomical variants, with preserved patency, without thrombotic or stenotic images. CLINICAL EVOLUTION The patient was admitted to the coronary unit for monitoring and further complementary tests. As a specific cardiological test, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, which was normal, followed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), which was found to be compatible with myocarditis. After 48 hours without development of arrhythmic complications or heart failure, he was transferred to the hospital ward for further care and to complete studies. The analysis on admission showed leukocytosis due to marked eosinophilia that persisted in subsequent analyses, so an assessment was requested by internal medicine, which expanded the battery of tests with autoimmunity, virus and infectious serology, which was positive for IgM Toxocara spp. Subsequently, a CT scan of the coronary arteries was requested to rule out embolisms, which was also normal. Suspicion of eosinophilic myocarditis secondary to Toxocara parasite infection led to treatment with albendazole. The patient had a good clinical evolution and was discharged from hospital after 7 days asymptomatic, with normalisation of myocardial damage markers and decreasing eosinophilia. DIAGNOSIS Eosinophilic myocarditis in the context of toxocariasis.
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"lymphocytes", "31", ".", "4", "%", "-", "3560", "u", "/", "l", ",", "eosinophils", "27", ".", "7", "%", "-", "3150", "u", "/", "l", ")", ",", "basal", "glucose", "81", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "urea", "23", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "creatinine", "0", ".", "79", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "sodium", "131", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "potassium", "4", ".", "2", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "conventional", "troponin", "I", "2", ".", "7", "ng", "/", "dl", "(", "normal", "<", "0", ".", "01", ")", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "normal", "cardio-thoracic", "index", ".", "No", "acute", "pleuroparenchymal", "lesions", ".", "Transthoracic", "echocardiogram", ":", "non-dilated", "left", "ventricle", ",", "normal", "thickness", ",", "no", "alterations", "in", "segmental", "contractility", ".", "Normal", "systolic", "function", "(", "biplane", "Simpson", "LVEF", "65", "%", ")", ".", "Hyperechogenic", "appearance", "of", "the", "inferolateral", "wall", "myocardium", "respecting", "the", "endocardium", ".", "Right", 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"index", "0", ".", "Coronary", "arteries", "without", "anatomical", "variants", ",", "with", "preserved", "patency", ",", "without", "thrombotic", "or", "stenotic", "images", ".", "CLINICAL", "EVOLUTION", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "coronary", "unit", "for", "monitoring", "and", "further", "complementary", "tests", ".", "As", "a", "specific", "cardiological", "test", ",", "a", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "was", "normal", ",", "followed", "by", "cardiac", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "CMR", ")", ",", "which", "was", "found", "to", "be", "compatible", "with", "myocarditis", ".", "After", "48", "hours", "without", "development", "of", "arrhythmic", "complications", "or", "heart", "failure", ",", "he", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "hospital", "ward", "for", "further", "care", "and", "to", "complete", "studies", ".", "The", "analysis", "on", "admission", "showed", "leukocytosis", "due", "to", "marked", "eosinophilia", "that", "persisted", "in", "subsequent", "analyses", ",", "so", "an", "assessment", "was", "requested", "by", "internal", "medicine", ",", "which", "expanded", "the", "battery", "of", "tests", "with", "autoimmunity", ",", "virus", "and", "infectious", "serology", ",", "which", "was", "positive", "for", "IgM", "Toxocara", "spp", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "a", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "coronary", "arteries", "was", "requested", "to", "rule", "out", "embolisms", ",", "which", "was", "also", "normal", ".", "Suspicion", "of", "eosinophilic", "myocarditis", "secondary", "to", "Toxocara", "parasite", "infection", "led", "to", "treatment", "with", "albendazole", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "a", "good", "clinical", "evolution", "and", "was", "discharged", "from", "hospital", "after", "7", "days", "asymptomatic", ",", "with", "normalisation", "of", "myocardial", "damage", "markers", "and", "decreasing", "eosinophilia", ".", "DIAGNOSIS", "Eosinophilic", "myocarditis", "in", "the", "context", "of", "toxocariasis", "." ]
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en
38 year old patient from Luque, dressmaker, known hypertensive patient on irregular treatment with Losartan 50 mg/day. She has a gynaeco-obstetric history of three pregnancies, two births, one stillbirth, and refers that her mother has been a carrier of arthritis since the age of 50. She reports a clinical picture of terebrante pain located in the interphalangeal joints radiating bilaterally and symmetrically to the wrist with signs of inflammation and functional impotence, predominantly in the morning, of 11 months of evolution; three months before admission, a feverish sensation was added to the picture, predominantly at night, with profuse sweating accompanied by progressive dyspnoea, first on moderate and then on mild exertion. Three weeks before admission, pain with the same characteristics migrated to the left ankle and became bilateral and symmetrical, and did not subside with common analgesics. Two weeks before admission, due to the persistence of the symptoms, she consulted a doctor who requested complementary studies and found a sudden drop in haemoglobin levels, and indicated referral to the Haematology Department. Two days before admission to the department, the symptoms (arthralgias, fever and dyspnoea) were exacerbated and the patient went to the emergency department where she was evaluated by a haematologist who requested additional tests. Subsequently, the patient was admitted to the ward with the following laboratory results. Data of value on physical examination were: On ectoscopy, dyspnoeic fascies, pallor of skin and mucous membranes; in the respiratory system, poor respiratory mechanics, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, on percussion, dullness in both bases, on auscultation, subcrepitant in both midfields, abolished in both bases; in the cardiovascular system, heart sounds with regular rhythm, tachycardia, R1 and R2 hypophonetic, no galloping, diastolic murmur in aortic focus and holosystolic in mitral focus with irradiation to the axilla; abdomen soft, depressible, not painful, slight splenomegaly, no palpable hepatomegaly; in the osteoarticular system, inflammatory signs at the level of the right knee. No inflammatory signs in other joints. Based on these data, the following diagnoses were proposed: left heart failure, mitroaortic insufficiency, collagenopathy to be confirmed, anaemic syndrome, controlled arterial hypertension. In the following days the patient presented febrile peaks and polycultures were performed. A volume of concentrated red blood cells was transfused and the patient's dyspnoea worsened, having previously returned a negative direct Coombs' test. A simple CT scan of the chest showed a diffuse interstitial pattern with bilateral pleural effusion in both bases, and so, with the possibility of collagenopathy, boluses of methylprednisolone (5 grams) were started, to which she responded favourably. Rheumatological profiles were requested (ANA, anti DNA, anti CCP, C3, C4, Anti B2 glycoprotein, Antiphospholipid, Anticardiolipin, Lupus anticoagulant, Antithrombin III, Prot.C and S) which all returned in the normal range except FR in dilution 1/512. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, showing vegetation on the aortic and mitral valves, with pseudoaneurysm of one aortic and one mitral leaflet, as well as perforation of one aortic leaflet, which led to the diagnosis of endocarditis and empirical antibiotic therapy was started immediately, even though the laboratory tests returned with few variations. Days later, blood cultures returned positive for Streptococcus alpha haemolyticus in 3 of 8 bottles. Subsequently, the patient underwent bivalvular replacement with mechanical valves, which was successful. She returns the results of the pathological anatomy of the vegetations which reports the following: "Cardiac valves with marked degenerative changes (fibrosis, hyalinisation and myxoid changes). Numerous reactive fibroblasts are also observed, some of them with changes suggestive of previous rheumatological pathology. On the surface there is a marked acute inflammatory infiltrate and fibrin deposits corresponding to vegetations. Histological findings are compatible with acute bacterial endocarditis". The definitive anatomopathological diagnosis is an Acute Bacterial Endocarditis due to the visualisation of Anitschkow cells, which due to the chronicity of the symptoms, clinically is presumed to be a Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis, suspecting as comorbidity, a collagenopathy to be confirmed with subsequent follow-up.
[ "38", "year", "old", "patient", "from", "Luque", ",", "dressmaker", ",", "known", "hypertensive", "patient", "on", "irregular", "treatment", "with", "Losartan", "50", "mg", "/", "day", ".", "She", "has", "a", "gynaeco-obstetric", "history", "of", "three", "pregnancies", ",", "two", "births", ",", "one", "stillbirth", ",", "and", "refers", "that", "her", "mother", "has", "been", "a", "carrier", "of", "arthritis", "since", "the", "age", "of", "50", ".", "She", "reports", "a", "clinical", "picture", "of", "terebrante", "pain", "located", "in", "the", "interphalangeal", "joints", "radiating", "bilaterally", "and", "symmetrically", "to", "the", "wrist", "with", "signs", "of", "inflammation", "and", "functional", "impotence", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "morning", ",", "of", "11", "months", "of", "evolution", ";", "three", "months", "before", "admission", ",", "a", "feverish", "sensation", "was", "added", "to", "the", "picture", ",", "predominantly", "at", "night", ",", "with", "profuse", "sweating", "accompanied", "by", "progressive", "dyspnoea", ",", "first", "on", "moderate", "and", "then", "on", "mild", "exertion", ".", "Three", "weeks", "before", "admission", ",", "pain", "with", "the", "same", "characteristics", "migrated", "to", "the", "left", "ankle", "and", "became", "bilateral", "and", "symmetrical", ",", "and", "did", "not", "subside", "with", "common", "analgesics", ".", "Two", "weeks", "before", "admission", ",", "due", "to", "the", "persistence", "of", "the", "symptoms", ",", "she", "consulted", "a", "doctor", "who", "requested", "complementary", "studies", "and", "found", "a", "sudden", "drop", "in", "haemoglobin", "levels", ",", "and", "indicated", "referral", "to", "the", "Haematology", "Department", ".", "Two", "days", "before", "admission", "to", "the", "department", ",", "the", "symptoms", "(", "arthralgias", ",", "fever", "and", "dyspnoea", ")", "were", "exacerbated", "and", "the", "patient", "went", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "where", "she", "was", "evaluated", "by", "a", "haematologist", "who", "requested", "additional", "tests", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "ward", "with", "the", "following", "laboratory", "results", ".", "Data", "of", "value", "on", "physical", "examination", "were", ":", "On", "ectoscopy", ",", "dyspnoeic", "fascies", ",", "pallor", "of", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membranes", ";", "in", "the", "respiratory", "system", ",", "poor", "respiratory", "mechanics", ",", "tachypnoea", ",", "dyspnoea", ",", "on", "percussion", ",", "dullness", "in", "both", "bases", ",", "on", "auscultation", ",", "subcrepitant", "in", "both", "midfields", ",", "abolished", "in", "both", "bases", ";", "in", "the", "cardiovascular", "system", ",", "heart", "sounds", "with", "regular", "rhythm", ",", "tachycardia", ",", "R1", "and", "R2", "hypophonetic", ",", "no", "galloping", ",", "diastolic", "murmur", "in", "aortic", "focus", "and", "holosystolic", "in", "mitral", "focus", "with", "irradiation", "to", "the", "axilla", ";", "abdomen", "soft", ",", "depressible", ",", "not", "painful", ",", "slight", "splenomegaly", ",", "no", "palpable", "hepatomegaly", ";", "in", "the", "osteoarticular", "system", ",", "inflammatory", "signs", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "right", "knee", ".", "No", "inflammatory", "signs", "in", "other", "joints", ".", "Based", "on", "these", "data", ",", "the", "following", "diagnoses", "were", "proposed", ":", "left", "heart", "failure", ",", "mitroaortic", "insufficiency", ",", "collagenopathy", "to", "be", "confirmed", ",", "anaemic", "syndrome", ",", "controlled", "arterial", "hypertension", ".", "In", "the", "following", "days", "the", "patient", "presented", "febrile", "peaks", "and", "polycultures", "were", "performed", ".", "A", "volume", "of", "concentrated", "red", "blood", "cells", "was", "transfused", "and", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "dyspnoea", "worsened", ",", "having", "previously", "returned", "a", "negative", "direct", "Coombs", "'", "test", ".", "A", "simple", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "chest", "showed", "a", "diffuse", "interstitial", "pattern", "with", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", "in", "both", "bases", ",", "and", "so", ",", "with", "the", "possibility", "of", "collagenopathy", ",", "boluses", "of", "methylprednisolone", "(", "5", "grams", ")", "were", "started", ",", "to", "which", "she", "responded", "favourably", ".", "Rheumatological", "profiles", "were", "requested", "(", "ANA", ",", "anti", "DNA", ",", "anti", "CCP", ",", "C3", ",", "C4", ",", "Anti", "B2", "glycoprotein", ",", "Antiphospholipid", ",", "Anticardiolipin", ",", "Lupus", "anticoagulant", ",", "Antithrombin", "III", ",", "Prot", ".", "C", "and", "S", ")", "which", "all", "returned", "in", "the", "normal", "range", "except", "FR", "in", "dilution", "1", "/", "512", ".", "A", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "vegetation", "on", "the", "aortic", "and", "mitral", "valves", ",", "with", "pseudoaneurysm", "of", "one", "aortic", "and", "one", "mitral", "leaflet", ",", "as", "well", "as", "perforation", "of", "one", "aortic", "leaflet", ",", "which", "led", "to", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "endocarditis", "and", "empirical", "antibiotic", "therapy", "was", "started", "immediately", ",", "even", "though", "the", "laboratory", "tests", "returned", "with", "few", "variations", ".", "Days", "later", ",", "blood", "cultures", "returned", "positive", "for", "Streptococcus", "alpha", "haemolyticus", "in", "3", "of", "8", "bottles", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "the", "patient", "underwent", "bivalvular", "replacement", "with", "mechanical", "valves", ",", "which", "was", "successful", ".", "She", "returns", "the", "results", "of", "the", "pathological", "anatomy", "of", "the", "vegetations", "which", "reports", "the", "following", ":", "\"", "Cardiac", "valves", "with", "marked", "degenerative", "changes", "(", "fibrosis", ",", "hyalinisation", "and", "myxoid", "changes", ")", ".", "Numerous", "reactive", "fibroblasts", "are", "also", "observed", ",", "some", "of", "them", "with", "changes", "suggestive", "of", "previous", "rheumatological", "pathology", ".", "On", "the", "surface", "there", "is", "a", "marked", "acute", "inflammatory", "infiltrate", "and", "fibrin", "deposits", "corresponding", "to", "vegetations", ".", "Histological", "findings", "are", "compatible", "with", "acute", "bacterial", "endocarditis", "\"", ".", "The", "definitive", "anatomopathological", "diagnosis", "is", "an", "Acute", "Bacterial", "Endocarditis", "due", "to", "the", "visualisation", "of", "Anitschkow", "cells", ",", "which", "due", "to", "the", "chronicity", "of", "the", "symptoms", ",", "clinically", "is", "presumed", "to", "be", "a", "Subacute", "Bacterial", "Endocarditis", ",", "suspecting", "as", "comorbidity", ",", "a", "collagenopathy", "to", "be", "confirmed", "with", "subsequent", "follow-up", "." ]
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en
We present the case of a 6-year-old boy with a family history of a beekeeper father with hypersensitivity to Apis mellifera venom. In the summer of 2016, following a bee sting on his hand, he reported immediate bilateral eyelid oedema, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, conjunctival injection and dyspnoea, requiring emergency care and treatment with Urbason® and Polaramine® with slow improvement of symptoms. He had previously received several bee and wasp stings, presenting only a local reaction. Complementary examinations: Blood tests and skin tests were performed. Results: Blood tests: Normal haemogram. Tryptase 4 ug/L. Total IgE 14.0 U/mL. Specific IgE: bee venom (Apis mellifera) 1.88 kU/L, rApi m1 (phospholipase A2) 1.25 kU/L, rApi m10 0.3 kU/L, wasp venom (Vespula spp.) <0.1 kU/L, wasp venom (Polistes spp.) <0.1 kU/L, bumblebee venom (Vespa cabro) <0.1 kU/L. Bee venom skin tests: pricktest 1mcg/ml negative, intradermal reaction at 0.001 mcg/ml positive 10mm. Conclusions: We present a case of grade II anaphylaxis due to sensitisation to bee venom, in a child at risk due to the parental profession and the rural environment to which he belongs, with a high degree of re-exposure to bee stings, which implies an increase in the prevalence of systemic allergic reactions of 14 - 32%, compared to 1 - 4% in the general population.
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en
We present the case of a 73-year-old man with a skin lesion on his back attributed to a sting, 10 days earlier, while working in an orchard in the community of Madrid in August. A few days later he presented with fever of up to 39°C and new skin lesions on the trunk and extremities, with no response to treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. On examination she presented black eschar on the left dorsal lumbar region and an erythematous papular rash on the trunk and extremities. The rest of the examination was normal. Blood tests revealed no findings of interest. With clinical suspicion of rickettsiosis, blood was drawn for serology and samples of the papular rash were taken for histological examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis at the reference laboratory. Treatment was prescribed with oral doxycycline (100mg/day for 7 days) with progressive improvement until complete resolution without sequelae. Acute phase serology by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) showed low titres of immunoglobulin (Ig) G against Rickettsia conorii, and negative IgM. A new serology performed 4 weeks later showed no change. Skin biopsy showed a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and vasculitis phenomena. PCR study of the skin biopsy detected the presence of Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae. We describe a new case of Rickettsiosis due to Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae in Spain, with the peculiarity that the diagnosis was made by PCR in skin biopsy of the exanthema and not of the inoculation eschar.
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[ { "text": "Rickettsia conorii", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1041, "end": 1059 }, { "text": "Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1266, "end": 1300 }, { "text": "Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1350, "end": 1384 } ]
en
We present the case of a 40-year-old man from Romania who had been living in Spain for three months and had no known drug allergies. He was a smoker, with an accumulated consumption of 20 packets/year and a regular alcohol drinker. He was not taking medication, nor did he report any other personal or family history of interest. He was brought to the emergency department for vomiting, first of food content and later somewhat darker, together with marked general malaise and abdominal pain. On examination he showed a fair general condition, hypotension (BP 97/56 mmHg), a heart rate of 107 beats per minute, 98% SatO2 without supplementary oxygen intake and a temperature of 36.2oC. He had mild tachypnoea, skin pallor and conjunctival jaundice, with no asterixis. Cardiopulmonary auscultation showed rhythmic tones, tachycardic without murmurs and a preserved vesicular murmur. He showed generalised pain on abdominal palpation with no masses or megaliths and no signs of peritoneal irritation. The rest of the examination showed no other abnormalities, including digital rectal examination, which was negative. The emergency haemogram showed a leukocytosis of 22,140 cells/μL (93.5% neutrophils and 4.5% lymphocytes), platelets of 84,000/μL and haemoglobin in the normal range (16 g/dL). Urgent biochemistry showed renal failure (Cr 3.32 mg/dL), with normal urea and ions, total bilirubin 7.32 mg/dL, ALT 6,278 U/L, ammonium 57 μg/dL, procalcitonin 11.87 ng/mL, lactate 212.72 mg/dL and LDH 15,545 U/L. Arterial blood gases showed pH 7.16, HCO3- 8 mmol/L, base excess -19.3 mmol/L and pCO2 21 mmHg. He also showed signs of coagulopathy (PT INR 8.1 and APTT 58.7 seconds). The chest X-ray was normal and the abdominal ultrasound showed an enlarged liver with smooth contours and homogeneous echogenicity, without lesions. Finally, he was admitted to the intensive care unit with suspected acute liver failure. Serology for HIV, HAV and HBV, including HBV DNA, were negative. Antibodies and RNA for HCV were also negative. In the following days, the patient presented with an episode of melena, as a manifestation of gastrointestinal bleeding. Differential diagnosis The aetiology of acute liver failure is diverse. Infectious, medicinal, toxic, ischaemic, metabolic, metabolic, malignant infiltration or autoimmune diseases are the main possibilities. Our patient and his relative denied taking any medication, including paracetamol, or herbal products, in recent times. He also denied having recently consumed mushrooms. Therefore, we could almost completely exclude drug and toxic aetiology, mainly Amanita phalloides, from the aetiological diagnosis. Our patient had a history of alcohol intake, which makes alcoholic hepatitis a probable cause of the picture. In contrast, hepatomegaly and ascites, which are usually present in hepatitis of alcoholic aetiology, were absent in our patient's examination. In addition, in our case, very high ALT levels were present, whereas in alcoholic hepatitis ALT does not usually rise above 500 U/L. Therefore, this does not seem to be the most likely cause, although it cannot be completely ruled out. Our patient showed hypotension, which can lead to hypoperfusion, ischaemic hepatitis and acute liver failure. However, no other pathology other than liver damage that could have triggered ischaemic hepatitis, such as heart failure, an infectious source of sepsis, was observed. The patient presented abdominal pain, although without ascites or hepatomegaly, making Budd Chiari syndrome a cause that should be taken into account, although it does not seem likely. Copper deposition disease (Wilson's disease) is usually diagnosed at an earlier age than in our patient and is characteristically accompanied by haemolytic anaemia, which is not present, and decreased alkaline phosphatase levels, with elevated bilirubin. It does not seem, therefore, to be the most likely aetiology. Another cause is Reye's syndrome, which usually occurs in the paediatric population with a viral process and taking anti-inflammatory drugs, ruling out this possibility almost completely. Our patient had no history, no adenopathies, and no other exploratory data suggestive of malignant infiltration. In cases of liver failure, the most frequent primaries that should be considered are metastatic breast cancer, which is very rare in men, and lymphoma. This makes these two entities unlikely causes. Autoimmune hepatitis is also included in the aetiological diagnosis of our case. However, this usually has a more chronic subacute course, with fulminant hepatitis being rare. It is usually accompanied by other extrahepatic autoimmune disorders, which our patient does not present. Therefore, it is not a likely option. Among viral infections other than HAV, HBV and HCV, we must consider HEV, which has an increasing seroprevalence in developed countries. In Spain, the prevalence of antibodies is around 10%. Therefore, it should be taken into account in cases of unaffiliated hepatitis, as in our patient, regardless of travel history. Other viruses and infectious agents described as causing hepatitis, but which have very occasionally been associated with fulminant liver failure, are cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV 6) and adenovirus, specifically serotype 5 of species C and Coxsackie B virus or Coxiella burnetti. Our patient presented with an episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the context of liver failure. HSV is associated with involvement of the digestive mucosa, which could be related to the origin of the melenas that our patient presented with. However, HSV is a very infrequent cause of fulminant hepatitis in immunocompetent patients and neither did our patient present mucocutaneous rash; nevertheless, we should consider HSV as a probable cause in our differential diagnosis. Evolution Urgent oral endoscopy was performed, showing, from 25 mm from the dental arch, an erythematous mucosa that was very friable when rubbed, with some millimetre-sized, rounded, raised, crater-shaped ulcers. At the level of the distal oesophagus, there were wide and deep ulcerations with a geographic and fibrinous appearance, also affecting the cardia. These findings were interpreted as severe oesophagitis of dubious aetiology, with a viral cause being the most likely option. Serology was also expanded with HDV, HEV, HSV, CMV, EBV, Toxoplasma gondii, Rickettsia spp and Coxiella burnetti, all of which were negative, except for HSV IgG and IgM, which was positive. Autoimmunity was negative. Treatment was then started with intravenous acyclovir at a dose of 750 mg every 8 hours, with our patient showing clear improvement since its introduction and maintaining a satisfactory evolution until complete resolution of the disease. Finally, the study based on haematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry of the oesophageal biopsy confirmed the herpetic aetiology of the oesophagitis, showing intense and extensive immunostaining for HSV-. Final diagnosis HSV-1 infection with oesophagitis and acute hepatitis. Fulminant liver failure in this context.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "40-year-old", "man", "from", "Romania", "who", "had", "been", "living", "in", "Spain", "for", "three", "months", "and", "had", "no", "known", "drug", "allergies", ".", "He", "was", "a", "smoker", ",", "with", "an", "accumulated", "consumption", "of", "20", "packets", "/", "year", "and", "a", "regular", "alcohol", "drinker", ".", "He", "was", "not", "taking", "medication", ",", "nor", "did", "he", "report", "any", "other", "personal", "or", "family", "history", "of", "interest", ".", "He", "was", "brought", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "vomiting", ",", "first", "of", "food", "content", "and", "later", "somewhat", "darker", ",", "together", "with", "marked", "general", "malaise", "and", "abdominal", "pain", ".", "On", "examination", "he", "showed", "a", "fair", "general", "condition", ",", "hypotension", "(", "BP", "97", "/", "56", "mmHg", ")", ",", "a", "heart", "rate", "of", "107", "beats", "per", "minute", ",", "98", "%", "SatO2", "without", "supplementary", "oxygen", "intake", "and", "a", "temperature", "of", "36", ".", "2oC", ".", "He", "had", "mild", "tachypnoea", ",", "skin", "pallor", "and", "conjunctival", "jaundice", ",", "with", "no", "asterixis", ".", "Cardiopulmonary", "auscultation", "showed", "rhythmic", "tones", ",", "tachycardic", "without", "murmurs", "and", "a", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", ".", "He", "showed", "generalised", "pain", "on", "abdominal", "palpation", "with", "no", "masses", "or", "megaliths", "and", "no", "signs", "of", "peritoneal", "irritation", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", "showed", "no", "other", "abnormalities", ",", "including", "digital", "rectal", "examination", ",", "which", "was", "negative", ".", "The", "emergency", "haemogram", "showed", "a", "leukocytosis", "of", "22", ",", "140", "cells", "/", "μL", "(", "93", ".", "5", "%", "neutrophils", "and", "4", ".", "5", "%", "lymphocytes", ")", ",", "platelets", "of", "84", ",", "000", "/", "μL", "and", "haemoglobin", "in", "the", "normal", "range", "(", "16", "g", "/", "dL", ")", ".", "Urgent", "biochemistry", "showed", "renal", "failure", "(", "Cr", "3", ".", "32", "mg", "/", "dL", ")", ",", "with", "normal", "urea", "and", "ions", ",", "total", "bilirubin", "7", ".", "32", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "ALT", "6", ",", "278", "U", "/", "L", ",", "ammonium", "57", "μg", "/", "dL", ",", "procalcitonin", "11", ".", "87", "ng", "/", "mL", ",", "lactate", "212", ".", "72", "mg", "/", "dL", "and", "LDH", "15", ",", "545", "U", "/", "L", ".", "Arterial", "blood", "gases", "showed", "pH", "7", ".", "16", ",", "HCO3", "-", "8", "mmol", "/", "L", ",", "base", "excess", "-", "19", ".", "3", "mmol", "/", "L", "and", "pCO2", "21", "mmHg", ".", "He", "also", "showed", "signs", "of", "coagulopathy", "(", "PT", "INR", "8", ".", "1", "and", "APTT", "58", ".", "7", "seconds", ")", ".", "The", "chest", "X-ray", "was", "normal", "and", "the", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "showed", "an", "enlarged", "liver", "with", "smooth", "contours", "and", "homogeneous", "echogenicity", ",", "without", "lesions", ".", "Finally", ",", "he", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "intensive", "care", "unit", "with", "suspected", "acute", "liver", "failure", ".", "Serology", "for", "HIV", ",", "HAV", "and", "HBV", ",", "including", "HBV", "DNA", ",", "were", "negative", ".", "Antibodies", "and", "RNA", "for", "HCV", "were", "also", "negative", ".", "In", "the", "following", "days", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "with", "an", "episode", "of", "melena", ",", "as", "a", "manifestation", "of", "gastrointestinal", "bleeding", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "The", "aetiology", "of", "acute", "liver", "failure", "is", "diverse", ".", "Infectious", ",", "medicinal", ",", "toxic", ",", "ischaemic", ",", "metabolic", ",", "metabolic", ",", "malignant", "infiltration", "or", "autoimmune", "diseases", "are", "the", "main", "possibilities", ".", "Our", "patient", "and", "his", "relative", "denied", "taking", "any", "medication", ",", "including", "paracetamol", ",", "or", "herbal", "products", ",", "in", "recent", "times", ".", "He", "also", "denied", "having", "recently", "consumed", "mushrooms", ".", "Therefore", ",", "we", "could", "almost", "completely", "exclude", "drug", "and", "toxic", "aetiology", ",", "mainly", "Amanita", "phalloides", ",", "from", "the", "aetiological", "diagnosis", ".", "Our", "patient", "had", "a", "history", "of", "alcohol", "intake", ",", "which", "makes", "alcoholic", "hepatitis", "a", "probable", "cause", "of", "the", "picture", ".", "In", "contrast", ",", "hepatomegaly", "and", "ascites", ",", "which", "are", "usually", "present", "in", "hepatitis", "of", "alcoholic", "aetiology", ",", "were", "absent", "in", "our", "patient", "'", "s", "examination", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "in", "our", "case", ",", "very", "high", "ALT", "levels", "were", "present", ",", "whereas", "in", "alcoholic", "hepatitis", "ALT", "does", "not", "usually", "rise", "above", "500", "U", "/", "L", ".", "Therefore", ",", "this", "does", "not", "seem", "to", "be", "the", "most", "likely", "cause", ",", "although", "it", "cannot", "be", "completely", "ruled", "out", ".", "Our", "patient", "showed", "hypotension", ",", "which", "can", "lead", "to", "hypoperfusion", ",", "ischaemic", "hepatitis", "and", "acute", "liver", "failure", ".", "However", ",", "no", "other", "pathology", "other", "than", "liver", "damage", "that", "could", "have", "triggered", "ischaemic", "hepatitis", ",", "such", "as", "heart", "failure", ",", "an", "infectious", "source", "of", "sepsis", ",", "was", "observed", ".", "The", "patient", "presented", "abdominal", "pain", ",", "although", "without", "ascites", "or", "hepatomegaly", ",", "making", "Budd", "Chiari", "syndrome", "a", "cause", "that", "should", "be", "taken", "into", "account", ",", "although", "it", "does", "not", "seem", "likely", ".", "Copper", "deposition", "disease", "(", "Wilson", "'", "s", "disease", ")", "is", "usually", "diagnosed", "at", "an", "earlier", "age", "than", "in", "our", "patient", "and", "is", "characteristically", "accompanied", "by", "haemolytic", "anaemia", ",", "which", "is", "not", "present", ",", "and", "decreased", "alkaline", "phosphatase", "levels", ",", "with", "elevated", "bilirubin", ".", "It", "does", "not", "seem", ",", "therefore", ",", "to", "be", "the", "most", "likely", "aetiology", ".", "Another", "cause", "is", "Reye", "'", "s", "syndrome", ",", "which", "usually", "occurs", "in", "the", "paediatric", "population", "with", "a", "viral", "process", "and", "taking", "anti-inflammatory", "drugs", ",", "ruling", "out", "this", "possibility", "almost", "completely", ".", "Our", "patient", "had", "no", "history", ",", "no", "adenopathies", ",", "and", "no", "other", "exploratory", "data", "suggestive", "of", "malignant", "infiltration", ".", "In", "cases", "of", "liver", "failure", ",", "the", "most", "frequent", "primaries", "that", "should", "be", "considered", "are", "metastatic", "breast", "cancer", ",", "which", "is", "very", "rare", "in", "men", ",", "and", "lymphoma", ".", "This", "makes", "these", "two", "entities", "unlikely", "causes", ".", "Autoimmune", "hepatitis", "is", "also", "included", "in", "the", "aetiological", "diagnosis", "of", "our", "case", ".", "However", ",", "this", "usually", "has", "a", "more", "chronic", "subacute", "course", ",", "with", "fulminant", "hepatitis", "being", "rare", ".", "It", "is", "usually", "accompanied", "by", "other", "extrahepatic", "autoimmune", "disorders", ",", "which", "our", "patient", "does", "not", "present", ".", "Therefore", ",", "it", "is", "not", "a", "likely", "option", ".", "Among", "viral", "infections", "other", "than", "HAV", ",", "HBV", "and", "HCV", ",", "we", "must", "consider", "HEV", ",", "which", "has", "an", "increasing", "seroprevalence", "in", "developed", "countries", ".", "In", "Spain", ",", "the", "prevalence", "of", "antibodies", "is", "around", "10", "%", ".", "Therefore", ",", "it", "should", "be", "taken", "into", "account", "in", "cases", "of", "unaffiliated", "hepatitis", ",", "as", "in", "our", "patient", ",", "regardless", "of", "travel", "history", ".", "Other", "viruses", "and", "infectious", "agents", "described", "as", "causing", "hepatitis", ",", "but", "which", "have", "very", "occasionally", "been", "associated", "with", "fulminant", "liver", "failure", ",", "are", "cytomegalovirus", "(", "CMV", ")", ",", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", "(", "EBV", ")", ",", "varicella-zoster", "virus", "(", "VZV", ")", ",", "human", "herpesvirus", "type", "6", "(", "HHV", "6", ")", "and", "adenovirus", ",", "specifically", "serotype", "5", "of", "species", "C", "and", "Coxsackie", "B", "virus", "or", "Coxiella", "burnetti", ".", "Our", "patient", "presented", "with", "an", "episode", "of", "upper", "gastrointestinal", "bleeding", "in", "the", "context", "of", "liver", "failure", ".", "HSV", "is", "associated", "with", "involvement", "of", "the", "digestive", "mucosa", ",", "which", "could", "be", "related", "to", "the", "origin", "of", "the", "melenas", "that", "our", "patient", "presented", "with", ".", "However", ",", "HSV", "is", "a", "very", "infrequent", "cause", "of", "fulminant", "hepatitis", "in", "immunocompetent", "patients", "and", "neither", "did", "our", "patient", "present", "mucocutaneous", "rash", ";", "nevertheless", ",", "we", "should", "consider", "HSV", "as", "a", "probable", "cause", "in", "our", "differential", "diagnosis", ".", "Evolution", "Urgent", "oral", "endoscopy", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", ",", "from", "25", "mm", "from", "the", "dental", "arch", ",", "an", "erythematous", "mucosa", "that", "was", "very", "friable", "when", "rubbed", ",", "with", "some", "millimetre-sized", ",", "rounded", ",", "raised", ",", "crater-shaped", "ulcers", ".", "At", "the", "level", "of", "the", "distal", "oesophagus", ",", "there", "were", "wide", "and", "deep", "ulcerations", "with", "a", "geographic", "and", "fibrinous", "appearance", ",", "also", "affecting", "the", "cardia", ".", "These", "findings", "were", "interpreted", "as", "severe", "oesophagitis", "of", "dubious", "aetiology", ",", "with", "a", "viral", "cause", "being", "the", "most", "likely", "option", ".", "Serology", "was", "also", "expanded", "with", "HDV", ",", "HEV", ",", "HSV", ",", "CMV", ",", "EBV", ",", "Toxoplasma", "gondii", ",", "Rickettsia", "spp", "and", "Coxiella", "burnetti", ",", "all", "of", "which", "were", "negative", ",", "except", "for", "HSV", "IgG", "and", "IgM", ",", "which", "was", "positive", ".", "Autoimmunity", "was", "negative", ".", "Treatment", "was", "then", "started", "with", "intravenous", "acyclovir", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "750", "mg", "every", "8", "hours", ",", "with", "our", "patient", "showing", "clear", "improvement", "since", "its", "introduction", "and", "maintaining", "a", "satisfactory", "evolution", "until", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "disease", ".", "Finally", ",", "the", "study", "based", "on", "haematoxylin-eosin", "and", "immunohistochemistry", "of", "the", "oesophageal", "biopsy", "confirmed", "the", "herpetic", "aetiology", "of", "the", "oesophagitis", ",", "showing", "intense", "and", "extensive", "immunostaining", "for", "HSV", "-", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "HSV-1", "infection", "with", "oesophagitis", "and", "acute", "hepatitis", ".", "Fulminant", "liver", "failure", "in", "this", "context", "." ]
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Anamnesis The patient presented is a 42-year-old woman, with no known drug allergies, smoking since the age of 18, with a daily consumption of 20 cigarettes, and no enolic habit. She is a housewife who lives with her partner and has had a child since the age of 35. Her family history includes a history of her father diagnosed with a liver neoplasm at the age of 77. Her medical history includes a tonsillectomy in childhood with no other data of interest. Her oncological history began in July 2016 when she consulted her family doctor for telorrhoea in the nipple of her left breast, and a bilateral mammogram was requested for study. Given the alteration of the mammography, she was referred to the Breast Pathology Unit of the Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (ICO-Badalona). Initially, the physical examination revealed eczema on the left nipple, and a mammogram of the left breast (in the lower left quadrant [CII]) showed a spiculated nodule approximately 5 cm in size, highly suspicious of malignancy (BI-RADS 5), which was biopsied. In addition, ultrasound of the left axillary nodes was performed in which one of them had a thickened cortical layer (3.9 mm), so FNA was performed. The biopsy of the IIC node was positive for infiltrating ductal carcinoma, with oestrogen receptors (ER) 0 %, progesterone receptors (PR 0 %), HER-2 amplified; and the cytology of the left axillary FNA was positive for carcinoma metastasis. After completing an extension study with bone scintigraphy and thoracoabdominal CT scan, which ruled out the presence of distant disease, a diagnosis of cT4N1M0 (stage IIIB), HER-2 positive, hormone receptor negative left breast neoplasm was made. Considering the stage and biological characteristics of the disease, the patient started neoadjuvant treatment with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC) for four cycles, followed by paclitaxel-trastuzumab-pertuzumab for four cycles, prior to surgery. The patient completed neoadjuvant treatment in January 2017, with good tolerance to treatment, presenting only grade 1-2 neurotoxicity as complications. In April 2017, surgery was performed and a mastectomy with axillary lymph node emptying was performed, presenting in the pathological anatomy nests of residual infiltrating ductal carcinoma in an extension of 19 mm (each of the nests less than 1 mm) without affecting the margins of resection, with micrometastasis of carcinoma (1 mm) in one of the 11 isolated nodes. It was assessed as a partial pathological response (Symmans RCB-I). The patient was evaluated after surgery, and treatment with subcutaneous trastuzumab was initiated to complete one year of treatment, starting on 10 May 2017. Physical examination On 5 June 2017, the patient consulted our centre for two weeks of dyspnoea that had progressed to minimal effort with cough without expectoration and febrile peaks of up to 38°C, predominantly at night. Initially, baseline O2 saturation of 87% was detected and oxygen therapy was started, with normotension and no fever. Complementary tests Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis of 20. 200 with 94% of segmented neutrophils with increased RFA (fibrinogen 695 mg/dl and CRP 81.5 mg/l) and baseline blood gas showed respiratory failure with p02 of 51 mm Hg with normocapnia and no alteration of pH; However, the chest X-ray was the complementary examination that contributed most to the initial orientation of the case, as it showed a bilateral infiltrate due to alveolar space involvement, predominantly in the lower lobes, which did not exist in the chest X-ray taken on 27 March after neoadjuvant treatment and prior to surgery. It was decided to admit the patient for study and therapeutic management. Diagnosis Based on the chest X-ray pattern, a differential diagnosis had to be made between the different aetiologies: Infectious aetiology: this is the main cause to rule out in view of this radiological finding and the laboratory analysis with leukocytosis, in addition to the history of fever. Initially, blood and urine cultures were obtained. Cardiac aetiology: given that the patient had received cardiotoxic oncological treatment (such as adriamycin and trastuzumab), we had to rule out the possibility that the image corresponded to pulmonary oedema. For this purpose, the patient's recent ventriculography with an LVEF of 67% was checked. Haemorrhagic aetiology: this is another cause to rule out with the radiological pattern, in this case the patient remained haemodynamically stable at all times and with a preserved haematocrit. Toxic aetiology: this origin is due to the treatment the patient received. The pulmonary toxicity caused by trastuzumab and paclitaxel is well known. Given the different possible aetiologies, empirical antibiotic treatment was started, in this case ceftriaxone and levofloxacin, with the possibility of a respiratory infection caused by atypical pathogens, and corticotherapy to alleviate the possible toxic origin, as both are the most frequent aetiologies. During admission, a thoracic CT scan was performed which confirmed the presence of bilateral diffuse ground-glass infiltrates with basal predominance, which could be attributed to pulmonary toxicity due to drugs without being able to rule out other causes (viral or Pneumocystis pneumonia, pulmonary oedema or alveolar haemorrhage). Bronchoscopy showed no anatomical alterations and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained for cytology and microbiology, in addition to a bronchoalveolar aspirate (BAS). To study the infectious aetiology, PCR detection of Aspergillus, herpes and CMV in plasma was also performed, which were negative, pneumococcal and Legionella antigenurias were also negative, and finally the samples obtained by bronchoscopy provided a BAL that showed cellularity with a predominance of macrophages, the BAL and BAS cultures were negative, and the cytology obtained was negative for malignant cells. Treatment (Included in the evolution section). Evolution Thus, after ruling out the infectious origin due to all the negative findings, the cardiological oedema by recent ventriculography (March 2017) with LVEF of 67% and absence of radiological signs such as cardiomegaly, and the alveolar haemorrhage due to the preservation of the haematocrit and the bronchoscopy findings, was classified as pneumonitis related to the oncological treatments received (paclitaxel, trastuzumab and pertuzumab) and corticoid treatment was maintained, improving the patient's respiratory clinical picture and the radiological image shown in the control X-ray prior to discharge.
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"695", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "CRP", "81", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "l", ")", "and", "baseline", "blood", "gas", "showed", "respiratory", "failure", "with", "p02", "of", "51", "mm", "Hg", "with", "normocapnia", "and", "no", "alteration", "of", "pH", ";", "However", ",", "the", "chest", "X-ray", "was", "the", "complementary", "examination", "that", "contributed", "most", "to", "the", "initial", "orientation", "of", "the", "case", ",", "as", "it", "showed", "a", "bilateral", "infiltrate", "due", "to", "alveolar", "space", "involvement", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "lower", "lobes", ",", "which", "did", "not", "exist", "in", "the", "chest", "X-ray", "taken", "on", "27", "March", "after", "neoadjuvant", "treatment", "and", "prior", "to", "surgery", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "admit", "the", "patient", "for", "study", "and", "therapeutic", "management", ".", "Diagnosis", "Based", "on", "the", "chest", "X-ray", "pattern", ",", "a", "differential", "diagnosis", "had", "to", "be", "made", "between", "the", "different", "aetiologies", ":", "Infectious", "aetiology", ":", "this", "is", "the", "main", "cause", "to", "rule", "out", "in", "view", "of", "this", "radiological", "finding", "and", "the", "laboratory", "analysis", "with", "leukocytosis", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "the", "history", "of", "fever", ".", "Initially", ",", "blood", "and", "urine", "cultures", "were", "obtained", ".", "Cardiac", "aetiology", ":", "given", "that", "the", "patient", "had", "received", "cardiotoxic", "oncological", "treatment", "(", "such", "as", "adriamycin", "and", "trastuzumab", ")", ",", "we", "had", "to", "rule", "out", "the", "possibility", "that", "the", "image", "corresponded", "to", "pulmonary", "oedema", ".", "For", "this", "purpose", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "recent", "ventriculography", "with", "an", "LVEF", "of", "67", "%", "was", "checked", ".", "Haemorrhagic", "aetiology", ":", "this", "is", "another", "cause", "to", "rule", "out", "with", "the", "radiological", "pattern", ",", "in", "this", "case", "the", "patient", "remained", "haemodynamically", "stable", "at", "all", "times", "and", "with", "a", "preserved", "haematocrit", ".", "Toxic", "aetiology", ":", "this", "origin", "is", "due", "to", "the", "treatment", "the", "patient", "received", ".", "The", "pulmonary", "toxicity", "caused", "by", "trastuzumab", "and", "paclitaxel", "is", "well", "known", ".", "Given", "the", "different", "possible", "aetiologies", ",", "empirical", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "started", ",", "in", "this", "case", "ceftriaxone", "and", "levofloxacin", ",", "with", "the", "possibility", "of", "a", "respiratory", "infection", "caused", "by", "atypical", "pathogens", ",", "and", "corticotherapy", "to", "alleviate", "the", "possible", "toxic", "origin", ",", "as", "both", "are", "the", "most", "frequent", "aetiologies", ".", "During", "admission", ",", "a", "thoracic", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", "which", "confirmed", "the", "presence", "of", "bilateral", "diffuse", "ground-glass", "infiltrates", "with", "basal", "predominance", ",", "which", "could", "be", "attributed", "to", "pulmonary", "toxicity", "due", "to", "drugs", "without", "being", "able", "to", "rule", "out", "other", "causes", "(", "viral", "or", "Pneumocystis", "pneumonia", ",", "pulmonary", "oedema", "or", "alveolar", "haemorrhage", ")", ".", "Bronchoscopy", "showed", "no", "anatomical", "alterations", "and", "bronchoalveolar", "lavage", "(", "BAL", ")", "samples", "were", "obtained", "for", "cytology", "and", "microbiology", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "a", "bronchoalveolar", "aspirate", "(", "BAS", ")", ".", "To", "study", "the", "infectious", "aetiology", ",", "PCR", "detection", "of", "Aspergillus", ",", "herpes", "and", "CMV", "in", "plasma", "was", "also", "performed", ",", "which", "were", "negative", ",", "pneumococcal", "and", "Legionella", "antigenurias", "were", "also", "negative", ",", "and", "finally", "the", "samples", "obtained", "by", "bronchoscopy", "provided", "a", "BAL", "that", "showed", "cellularity", "with", "a", "predominance", "of", "macrophages", ",", "the", "BAL", "and", "BAS", "cultures", "were", "negative", ",", "and", "the", "cytology", "obtained", "was", "negative", "for", "malignant", "cells", ".", "Treatment", "(", "Included", "in", "the", "evolution", "section", ")", ".", "Evolution", "Thus", ",", "after", "ruling", "out", "the", "infectious", "origin", "due", "to", "all", "the", "negative", "findings", ",", "the", "cardiological", "oedema", "by", "recent", "ventriculography", "(", "March", "2017", ")", "with", "LVEF", "of", "67", "%", "and", "absence", "of", "radiological", "signs", "such", "as", "cardiomegaly", ",", "and", "the", "alveolar", "haemorrhage", "due", "to", "the", "preservation", "of", "the", "haematocrit", "and", "the", "bronchoscopy", "findings", ",", "was", "classified", "as", "pneumonitis", "related", "to", "the", "oncological", "treatments", "received", "(", "paclitaxel", ",", "trastuzumab", "and", "pertuzumab", ")", "and", "corticoid", "treatment", "was", "maintained", ",", "improving", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "respiratory", "clinical", "picture", "and", "the", "radiological", "image", "shown", "in", "the", "control", "X-ray", "prior", "to", "discharge", "." ]
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en
A 56-year-old male patient with a history of positive serology for HIV and Hepatitis B presented with acute cholecystitis for which he underwent emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During the late postoperative period, one month after surgery, the patient presented a bilioma which was percutaneously evacuated. A biliary bypass is also performed by means of endoscopic cholangiography. As a result of the above, the patient presented with acute pancreatitis associated with a peri-pancreatic collection. This collection was evacuated by means of an initial percutaneous drainage, which proved to be insufficient and the patient presented with a large retroperitoneal collection. With no improvement, and with persistent drainage debit associated with fever and deterioration of general condition, a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis was performed. This showed encapsulated fluid with a hydro-aerial level in the right flank adjacent to the abdominal wall, extending 17 cm in the cranial-caudal direction and 11 x 3 cm in transverse diameter. With a diagnosis of extraperitoneal right parietocolic abscess, drainage was performed by lumboscopy, evacuating abundant necrotic and purulent material. Two pure silicone drains were placed opposite each other, creating a continuous lavage system, using slow-drip physiological solution. The patient evolved favourably with few febrile registers. He had a positive culture for Pseudomona aureaginosa, which was treated with Meropenem during hospitalisation. On the fourth postoperative day, continuous lavage was replaced by a haemosuctor system and he was discharged. During follow-ups, the patient remained afebrile and the drain was removed after cessation of drainage.
[ "A", "56-year-old", "male", "patient", "with", "a", "history", "of", "positive", "serology", "for", "HIV", "and", "Hepatitis", "B", "presented", "with", "acute", "cholecystitis", "for", "which", "he", "underwent", "emergency", "laparoscopic", "cholecystectomy", ".", "During", "the", "late", "postoperative", "period", ",", "one", "month", "after", "surgery", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "a", "bilioma", "which", "was", "percutaneously", "evacuated", ".", "A", "biliary", "bypass", "is", "also", "performed", "by", "means", "of", "endoscopic", "cholangiography", ".", "As", "a", "result", "of", "the", "above", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "with", "acute", "pancreatitis", "associated", "with", "a", "peri-pancreatic", "collection", ".", "This", "collection", "was", "evacuated", "by", "means", "of", "an", "initial", "percutaneous", "drainage", ",", "which", "proved", "to", "be", "insufficient", "and", "the", "patient", "presented", "with", "a", "large", "retroperitoneal", "collection", ".", "With", "no", "improvement", ",", "and", "with", "persistent", "drainage", "debit", "associated", "with", "fever", "and", "deterioration", "of", "general", "condition", ",", "a", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "abdomen", "and", "pelvis", "was", "performed", ".", "This", "showed", "encapsulated", "fluid", "with", "a", "hydro-aerial", "level", "in", "the", "right", "flank", "adjacent", "to", "the", "abdominal", "wall", ",", "extending", "17", "cm", "in", "the", "cranial-caudal", "direction", "and", "11", "x", "3", "cm", "in", "transverse", "diameter", ".", "With", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "extraperitoneal", "right", "parietocolic", "abscess", ",", "drainage", "was", "performed", "by", "lumboscopy", ",", "evacuating", "abundant", "necrotic", "and", "purulent", "material", ".", "Two", "pure", "silicone", "drains", "were", "placed", "opposite", "each", "other", ",", "creating", "a", "continuous", "lavage", "system", ",", "using", "slow-drip", "physiological", "solution", ".", "The", "patient", "evolved", "favourably", "with", "few", "febrile", "registers", ".", "He", "had", "a", "positive", "culture", "for", "Pseudomona", "aureaginosa", ",", "which", "was", "treated", "with", "Meropenem", "during", "hospitalisation", ".", "On", "the", "fourth", "postoperative", "day", ",", "continuous", "lavage", "was", "replaced", "by", "a", "haemosuctor", "system", "and", "he", "was", "discharged", ".", "During", "follow-ups", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "afebrile", "and", "the", "drain", "was", "removed", "after", "cessation", "of", "drainage", "." ]
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[ { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 67, "end": 70 }, { "text": "Hepatitis B", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 75, "end": 86 }, { "text": "male patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 26 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 19, "end": 26 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 252, "end": 259 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 421, "end": 428 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 625, "end": 632 }, { "text": "Pseudomona aureaginosa", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1427, "end": 1449 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1342, "end": 1349 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1642, "end": 1649 } ]
en
A 53 year old man came to the emergency department with dyspnoea and stridor of one hour's duration, with no known allergies, fever or aspiration which, on initial assessment, remained constant. He referred to us an epiglottic lesion being followed up in another Community. A nasofibrolaryngoscopy was performed, revealing oedema that started in the rhinopharynx and at the oropharynx level, preventing endoscopic progression due to the large obstruction. There was no evidence of cervical swelling, local heat, erythema, crusting or other signs typical of deep cervical infections. After the same evaluation, intravenous corticotherapy was prescribed, and due to his imminent poor condition and destabilisation of his vital signs, including a large drop in saturation, a cricothyrotomy and subsequent conversion to tracheostomy was performed. After stabilising the patient, we requested a cervicothoracic CT scan which showed images compatible with a left parapharyngeal, retropharyngeal and prevertebral abscess, the interior of which showed complex partitions and thick walls. The mediastinal space was found to be free. A cervical approach was made to drain the parapharyngeal, retropharyngeal and prevertebral abscess, which, to our astonishment, appeared without purulent content or signs of active infection, so we performed a laryngoscopic approach, revealing a large cystic lesion of amber colour from the left aryepiglottic fold, which we proceeded to marsupialise and sent its contents to microbiology. We prescribed antibiotherapy and corticotherapy and the evolution was satisfactory, managing to decannulate the patient after 6 days of follow-up and hospitalisation, with correct healing of the surgical wound, without obstruction of the airway. The anatomopathological result of the lesion was a fibrovascular polyp and the microbiological study of the contents was Veillonella.
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 867, "end": 874 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1627, "end": 1634 }, { "text": "Veillonella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1882, "end": 1893 } ]
en
Ángel is an 18 year old adolescent who attends the indicated prevention programme for adolescents and families, Soporte de Proyecto Hombre Madrid. Ángel's parents request help from the programme due to their son's drug use and the aggressive behaviour he displays inside (on several occasions he has assaulted both parents) and outside the home, as well as having been arrested for robbery with violence. At no time does the adolescent have any perception of a problem related to substance use or aggressive behaviour. Description of the situation The reason for the adolescent's request for attention was that we at the centre should ensure that he was not convicted and sent to prison. He wanted us to say that he is "good people, that he has never done anything wrong, given that the robbery was due to the fact that he didn't have any money at the time and that the woman didn't want to give it to him and he couldn't go home". In addition, we at the centre had to tell the judge that he doesn't use drugs, but it's another thing if he smokes his joints and we all keep it a secret, as neither the judge nor the staff at the centre had sufficient criteria to know that it was good for him. He presents substance abuse, especially tobacco, alcohol and cannabis, he also presents compulsive cocaine consumption at weekends. The psychiatric symptomatology he manifests is enormously varied. As central and structural characteristics, fulfilling the generic criteria for personality disorders, he presents a large number of symptoms of cluster B personality disorders (antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic). In addition, he meets criteria for a body dysmorphic disorder (F 45.5) centred on the skin of his face. On the Derogatis SCL 90 - R he scores positively and very high in the area of obsession-compulsion and positively in hostility, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. In the Hare Psychopathy Scale he scores 34, classifying him within the psychopathic profile, obtaining 20 out of 22 possible points in the central traits of psychopathy and 14 out of 18 in the traits of instability. At the time of starting the treatment process, the father presents depressive symptoms and self-injurious behaviour and the mother engages in the same behaviour in the presence of the psychologist responsible for the case. Angel's mother is in treatment and her psychiatrist states that she has symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Angel's sister is very anxious at the beginning of the process due, according to her, to the fear she feels towards her brother and how much he makes her suffer. Ángel is in the 1st year of Bachillerato at a private school that "guarantees" a pass, he has repeated 2 years of ESO and has been to 6 or 7 schools, including two boarding schools for behavioural problems (he was expelled from both for violent behaviour and substance trafficking). He demands that his father do the homework he is sent to pass, and when he doesn't have it on time or doesn't mark it sufficiently, he humiliates and insults him. He also takes on jobs at the same time, which he does not last more than a couple of days, as he considers them unworthy of him at all times. At home he maintains a tyrannical behaviour, he demands to be attended to immediately, to be bought branded clothes and that these are always clean and ironed, he asks to be bought expensive creams for his face at all times, as he "has pimples" (imperceptible to the rest). When he is not allowed to do so, he becomes aggressive, in fact he has assaulted all the members of his family on several occasions, and has also broken most of the furniture and doors in the house. He takes what he wants from anyone without asking permission and occupies other people's spaces without taking them into account. His group of friends is very focused on delinquent behaviour and leisure activities linked to consumption. He has no friends at school and affective-sexual relationships are sporadic and in contexts of consumption. He practices martial arts and spends many hours going to the gym (which has to be private, he does not want to go to municipal sports facilities, according to him "they are for poor people"). Case history The information presented about Angel comes from information provided by the family and by the adolescent himself. Angel is a child who has been described as hyperactive since childhood without any firm diagnosis, let alone neurological confirmation. According to his parents, he is a child with many behavioural problems at school. The mother points out that for a long time she has supported the idea that it is the teachers who have a grudge against her son and that, despite the fact that he has been undergoing psychological treatment since he was very young, no one has been able to treat him properly. The truth is that, according to the information provided, he showed symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder. Furthermore, it should be added that dyslexia was detected when he was in the third year of primary school, with all that this entails in terms of poor learning. His mother has always had an overprotective relationship with Ángel, whom she has considered the best thing she has ever done in her life, mainly because "he is very handsome", and they have always been very close until he started taking drugs. On the other hand, throughout the child's childhood and due to the learning difficulties caused by the aforementioned dyslexia, the mother loses her patience at study times and assaults him on numerous occasions. As for the father, Angel despises him for not being able to stand up to him, demanding that he "behave like a man". In the mother's family, there is a psychopathological background with a schizophrenic grandmother and a father with borderline personality disorder. In the paternal family, different cases of depressive disorders are reported. The relations between the parents are very deteriorated, the mother considers the father a pushover and continually threatens to leave home. On the other hand, the mother accompanies her husband everywhere and does not allow him to have individual interviews with the therapist in the case, as well as being very angry with the psychologist who treats her husband. Angel started taking drugs at the age of 13, occasionally using tobacco and alcohol. At the age of 14, he added cannabis to this consumption, smoking around 7 joints a day, maintaining this consumption until the age of 18. It was also at the age of 14 that he started to use amphetamines and synthetic drugs occasionally (less than once a month) and cocaine only once. From the age of 15, he uses synthetic drugs and cocaine in leisure contexts at weekends, and also increases his alcohol consumption. At the age of 16 he had his first alcoholic coma and spent a month using cocaine almost daily. At the time of starting the intervention (18 years old), Angel consumes a pack of cigarettes a day, 2 or 3 beers a day and 7 or 8 drinks every weekend night, he continues to consume 7 joints a day, in addition to consuming one or two MDMA pills and half a gram of cocaine at weekends. The same adolescent points out that it is from the moment he starts using that he begins to show criminal behaviour and at no time does he show remorse. He understands that he has the right to have what others have and if he doesn't have money, he takes it. Intervention When the family comes to the Support programme, they ask for help to prevent their son from going to prison and, by the way, to stop using drugs. There is no perception of further associated problems, even the mother continues to maintain her overprotective attitude and tries to justify her son's violent behaviour. The adolescent, as we have pointed out above, arrives with no perception of a problem and with the intention of demanding that we prevent him from going to prison without making any effort. Given this attitude and some family confrontations in front of the therapist, they are made aware that the problem is much more serious than they were aware of. Given the data obtained in the SCL 90 - R, the need for psychiatric care is indicated. They prescribed olanzapine 5 mg and indicated that it was a possible borderline personality disorder and ruled out ADHD. At different times during the treatment, hospitalisation was suggested, but Angel refused. The first task was to train parents to set rules, limits and sanctions for their child. They are also trained to resist threats and attempts of aggression. In the first applications of rules, mental health and police services had to be called in because of the adolescent's violent outbursts. This happens on several occasions throughout the intervention and whenever the emergency services arrive, the adolescent adapts to the situation and changes his or her attitude, avoiding hospitalisation. Therapeutic work was attempted in a peer group but due to the successive failure to comply with the rules, the dissimulation in the group at the beginning and the violent behaviour, this was abandoned. On the other hand, Angel does not accept the authority of female therapists and only accepts the authority of men who are capable of not backing down in the face of their threats. At one point he physically threatened a female psychologist and had to be temporarily expelled. Surprisingly, having made this threat in front of the parents, the mother refuses to accept the sanction. At the end of the sanction, they returned to the centre. As a result of increased family pressure supported by the centre, the violent behaviour is reduced and a normalised relationship is resumed. They begin to respect the father when they are able to confront him, even kicking him out of the house. After three months, cannabis consumption is eliminated but is resumed two months later, although in smaller quantities. Alcohol consumption is sporadic and cocaine consumption disappears. The imposition of rules is enough to get him to attend classes and to keep a job as a security guard for months. He maintained this attitude for some time until he was informed that as it was his first offence and he had no previous record, it was unlikely that he would be sent to prison. He resumes his violent behaviour and his parents maintain the normative structure. Ángel leaves the family home and asks for voluntary discharge. In this process the parents continue to attend the centre and make progress in terms of not giving in to emotional blackmail and the request to return home without any type of regulation. The family relationship improves, including with Angel who is away from home and who begins to admire his father for being able to stand up to him. All this breaks down when the father and mother decide to let him back into the house as other relatives give Angel shelter and begin to question them. There are again differences between the parents and both give up the treatment with the intention of separating even though they recognise that the last 6 months have been the best they have had in years as they have been able to set rules and limits for Angel.
[ "Ángel", "is", "an", "18", "year", "old", "adolescent", "who", "attends", "the", "indicated", "prevention", "programme", "for", "adolescents", "and", "families", ",", "Soporte", "de", "Proyecto", "Hombre", "Madrid", ".", "Ángel", "'", "s", "parents", "request", "help", "from", "the", "programme", "due", "to", "their", "son", "'", "s", "drug", "use", "and", "the", "aggressive", "behaviour", "he", "displays", "inside", "(", "on", "several", "occasions", "he", "has", "assaulted", "both", "parents", ")", "and", "outside", "the", "home", ",", "as", "well", "as", "having", "been", "arrested", "for", "robbery", "with", "violence", ".", "At", "no", "time", "does", "the", "adolescent", "have", "any", "perception", "of", "a", "problem", "related", "to", "substance", "use", "or", "aggressive", "behaviour", ".", "Description", "of", "the", "situation", "The", "reason", "for", "the", "adolescent", "'", "s", "request", "for", "attention", "was", "that", "we", "at", "the", "centre", "should", "ensure", "that", "he", "was", "not", "convicted", "and", "sent", "to", "prison", ".", "He", "wanted", "us", "to", "say", "that", "he", "is", "\"", "good", "people", ",", "that", "he", "has", "never", "done", "anything", "wrong", ",", "given", "that", "the", "robbery", "was", "due", "to", "the", "fact", "that", "he", "didn", "'", "t", "have", "any", "money", "at", "the", "time", "and", "that", "the", "woman", "didn", "'", "t", "want", "to", "give", "it", "to", "him", "and", "he", "couldn", "'", "t", "go", "home", "\"", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "we", "at", "the", "centre", "had", "to", "tell", "the", "judge", "that", "he", "doesn", "'", "t", "use", "drugs", ",", "but", "it", "'", "s", "another", "thing", "if", "he", "smokes", "his", "joints", "and", "we", "all", "keep", "it", "a", "secret", ",", "as", "neither", "the", "judge", "nor", "the", "staff", "at", "the", "centre", "had", "sufficient", "criteria", "to", "know", "that", "it", "was", "good", "for", "him", ".", "He", "presents", "substance", "abuse", ",", "especially", "tobacco", ",", "alcohol", "and", "cannabis", ",", "he", "also", "presents", "compulsive", "cocaine", "consumption", "at", "weekends", ".", "The", "psychiatric", "symptomatology", "he", "manifests", "is", "enormously", "varied", ".", "As", "central", "and", "structural", "characteristics", ",", "fulfilling", "the", "generic", "criteria", "for", "personality", "disorders", ",", "he", "presents", "a", "large", "number", "of", "symptoms", "of", "cluster", "B", "personality", "disorders", "(", "antisocial", ",", "borderline", ",", "histrionic", "and", "narcissistic", ")", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "he", "meets", "criteria", "for", "a", "body", "dysmorphic", "disorder", "(", "F", "45", ".", "5", ")", "centred", "on", "the", "skin", "of", "his", "face", ".", "On", "the", "Derogatis", "SCL", "90", "-", "R", "he", "scores", "positively", "and", "very", "high", "in", "the", "area", "of", "obsession-compulsion", "and", "positively", "in", "hostility", ",", "paranoid", "ideation", "and", "psychoticism", ".", "In", "the", "Hare", "Psychopathy", "Scale", "he", "scores", "34", ",", "classifying", "him", "within", "the", "psychopathic", "profile", ",", "obtaining", "20", "out", "of", "22", "possible", "points", "in", "the", "central", "traits", "of", "psychopathy", "and", "14", "out", "of", "18", "in", "the", "traits", "of", "instability", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "starting", "the", "treatment", "process", ",", "the", "father", "presents", "depressive", "symptoms", "and", "self-injurious", "behaviour", "and", "the", "mother", "engages", "in", "the", "same", "behaviour", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "the", "psychologist", "responsible", "for", "the", "case", ".", "Angel", "'", "s", "mother", "is", "in", "treatment", "and", "her", "psychiatrist", "states", "that", "she", "has", "symptoms", "of", "borderline", "personality", "disorder", ".", "Angel", "'", "s", "sister", "is", "very", "anxious", "at", "the", "beginning", "of", "the", "process", "due", ",", "according", "to", "her", ",", "to", "the", "fear", "she", "feels", "towards", "her", "brother", "and", "how", "much", "he", "makes", "her", "suffer", ".", "Ángel", "is", "in", "the", "1st", "year", "of", "Bachillerato", "at", "a", "private", "school", "that", "\"", "guarantees", "\"", "a", "pass", ",", "he", "has", "repeated", "2", "years", "of", "ESO", "and", "has", "been", "to", "6", "or", "7", "schools", ",", "including", "two", "boarding", "schools", "for", "behavioural", "problems", "(", "he", "was", "expelled", "from", "both", "for", "violent", "behaviour", "and", "substance", "trafficking", ")", ".", "He", "demands", "that", "his", "father", "do", "the", "homework", "he", "is", "sent", "to", "pass", ",", "and", "when", "he", "doesn", "'", "t", "have", "it", "on", "time", "or", "doesn", "'", "t", "mark", "it", "sufficiently", ",", "he", "humiliates", "and", "insults", "him", ".", "He", "also", "takes", "on", "jobs", "at", "the", "same", "time", ",", "which", "he", "does", "not", "last", "more", "than", "a", "couple", "of", "days", ",", "as", "he", "considers", "them", "unworthy", "of", "him", "at", "all", "times", ".", "At", "home", "he", "maintains", "a", "tyrannical", "behaviour", ",", "he", "demands", "to", "be", "attended", "to", "immediately", ",", "to", "be", "bought", "branded", "clothes", "and", "that", "these", "are", "always", "clean", "and", "ironed", ",", "he", "asks", "to", "be", "bought", "expensive", "creams", "for", "his", "face", "at", "all", "times", ",", "as", "he", "\"", "has", "pimples", "\"", "(", "imperceptible", "to", "the", "rest", ")", ".", "When", "he", "is", "not", "allowed", "to", "do", "so", ",", "he", "becomes", "aggressive", ",", "in", "fact", "he", "has", "assaulted", "all", "the", "members", "of", "his", "family", "on", "several", "occasions", ",", "and", "has", "also", "broken", "most", "of", "the", "furniture", "and", "doors", "in", "the", "house", ".", "He", "takes", "what", "he", "wants", "from", "anyone", "without", "asking", "permission", "and", "occupies", "other", "people", "'", "s", "spaces", "without", "taking", "them", "into", "account", ".", "His", "group", "of", "friends", "is", "very", "focused", "on", "delinquent", "behaviour", "and", "leisure", "activities", "linked", "to", "consumption", ".", "He", "has", "no", "friends", "at", "school", "and", "affective-sexual", "relationships", "are", "sporadic", "and", "in", "contexts", "of", "consumption", ".", "He", "practices", "martial", "arts", "and", "spends", "many", "hours", "going", "to", "the", "gym", "(", "which", "has", "to", "be", "private", ",", "he", "does", "not", "want", "to", "go", "to", "municipal", "sports", "facilities", ",", "according", "to", "him", "\"", "they", "are", "for", "poor", "people", "\"", ")", ".", "Case", "history", "The", "information", "presented", "about", "Angel", "comes", "from", "information", "provided", "by", "the", "family", "and", "by", "the", "adolescent", "himself", ".", "Angel", "is", "a", "child", "who", "has", "been", "described", "as", "hyperactive", "since", "childhood", "without", "any", "firm", "diagnosis", ",", "let", "alone", "neurological", "confirmation", ".", "According", "to", "his", "parents", ",", "he", "is", "a", "child", "with", "many", "behavioural", "problems", "at", "school", ".", "The", "mother", "points", "out", "that", "for", "a", "long", "time", "she", "has", "supported", "the", "idea", "that", "it", "is", "the", "teachers", "who", "have", "a", "grudge", "against", "her", "son", "and", "that", ",", "despite", "the", "fact", "that", "he", "has", "been", "undergoing", "psychological", "treatment", "since", "he", "was", "very", "young", ",", "no", "one", "has", "been", "able", "to", "treat", "him", "properly", ".", "The", "truth", "is", "that", ",", "according", "to", "the", "information", "provided", ",", "he", "showed", "symptoms", "of", "oppositional", "defiant", "disorder", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "it", "should", "be", "added", "that", "dyslexia", "was", "detected", "when", "he", "was", "in", "the", "third", "year", "of", "primary", "school", ",", "with", "all", "that", "this", "entails", "in", "terms", "of", "poor", "learning", ".", "His", "mother", "has", "always", "had", "an", "overprotective", "relationship", "with", "Ángel", ",", "whom", "she", "has", "considered", "the", "best", "thing", "she", "has", "ever", "done", "in", "her", "life", ",", "mainly", "because", "\"", "he", "is", "very", "handsome", "\"", ",", "and", "they", "have", "always", "been", "very", "close", "until", "he", "started", "taking", "drugs", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "throughout", "the", "child", "'", "s", "childhood", "and", "due", "to", "the", "learning", "difficulties", "caused", "by", "the", "aforementioned", "dyslexia", ",", "the", "mother", "loses", "her", "patience", "at", "study", "times", "and", "assaults", "him", "on", "numerous", "occasions", ".", "As", "for", "the", "father", ",", "Angel", "despises", "him", "for", "not", "being", "able", "to", "stand", "up", "to", "him", ",", "demanding", "that", "he", "\"", "behave", "like", "a", "man", "\"", ".", "In", "the", "mother", "'", "s", "family", ",", "there", "is", "a", "psychopathological", "background", "with", "a", "schizophrenic", "grandmother", "and", "a", "father", "with", "borderline", "personality", "disorder", ".", "In", "the", "paternal", "family", ",", "different", "cases", "of", "depressive", "disorders", "are", "reported", ".", "The", "relations", "between", "the", "parents", "are", "very", "deteriorated", ",", "the", "mother", "considers", "the", "father", "a", "pushover", "and", "continually", "threatens", "to", "leave", "home", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "the", "mother", "accompanies", "her", "husband", "everywhere", "and", "does", "not", "allow", "him", "to", "have", "individual", "interviews", "with", "the", "therapist", "in", "the", "case", ",", "as", "well", "as", "being", "very", "angry", "with", "the", "psychologist", "who", "treats", "her", "husband", ".", "Angel", "started", "taking", "drugs", "at", "the", "age", "of", "13", ",", "occasionally", "using", "tobacco", "and", "alcohol", ".", "At", "the", "age", "of", "14", ",", "he", "added", "cannabis", "to", "this", "consumption", ",", "smoking", "around", "7", "joints", "a", "day", ",", "maintaining", "this", "consumption", "until", "the", "age", "of", "18", ".", "It", "was", "also", "at", "the", "age", "of", "14", "that", "he", "started", "to", "use", "amphetamines", "and", "synthetic", "drugs", "occasionally", "(", "less", "than", "once", "a", "month", ")", "and", "cocaine", "only", "once", ".", "From", "the", "age", "of", "15", ",", "he", "uses", "synthetic", "drugs", "and", "cocaine", "in", "leisure", "contexts", "at", "weekends", ",", "and", "also", "increases", "his", "alcohol", "consumption", ".", "At", "the", "age", "of", "16", "he", "had", "his", "first", "alcoholic", "coma", "and", "spent", "a", "month", "using", "cocaine", "almost", "daily", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "starting", "the", "intervention", "(", "18", "years", "old", ")", ",", "Angel", "consumes", "a", "pack", "of", "cigarettes", "a", "day", ",", "2", "or", "3", "beers", "a", "day", "and", "7", "or", "8", "drinks", "every", "weekend", "night", ",", "he", "continues", "to", "consume", "7", "joints", "a", "day", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "consuming", "one", "or", "two", "MDMA", "pills", "and", "half", "a", "gram", "of", "cocaine", "at", "weekends", ".", "The", "same", "adolescent", "points", "out", "that", "it", "is", "from", "the", "moment", "he", "starts", "using", "that", "he", "begins", "to", "show", "criminal", "behaviour", "and", "at", "no", "time", "does", "he", "show", "remorse", ".", "He", "understands", "that", "he", "has", "the", "right", "to", "have", "what", "others", "have", "and", "if", "he", "doesn", "'", "t", "have", "money", ",", "he", "takes", "it", ".", "Intervention", "When", "the", "family", "comes", "to", "the", "Support", "programme", ",", "they", "ask", "for", "help", "to", "prevent", "their", "son", "from", "going", "to", "prison", "and", ",", "by", "the", "way", ",", "to", "stop", "using", "drugs", ".", "There", "is", "no", "perception", "of", "further", "associated", "problems", ",", "even", "the", "mother", "continues", "to", "maintain", "her", "overprotective", "attitude", "and", "tries", "to", "justify", "her", "son", "'", "s", "violent", "behaviour", ".", "The", "adolescent", ",", "as", "we", "have", "pointed", "out", "above", ",", "arrives", "with", "no", "perception", "of", "a", "problem", "and", "with", "the", "intention", "of", "demanding", "that", "we", "prevent", "him", "from", "going", "to", "prison", "without", "making", "any", "effort", ".", "Given", "this", "attitude", "and", "some", "family", "confrontations", "in", "front", "of", "the", "therapist", ",", "they", "are", "made", "aware", "that", "the", "problem", "is", "much", "more", "serious", "than", "they", "were", "aware", "of", ".", "Given", "the", "data", "obtained", "in", "the", "SCL", "90", "-", "R", ",", "the", "need", "for", "psychiatric", "care", "is", "indicated", ".", "They", "prescribed", "olanzapine", "5", "mg", "and", "indicated", "that", "it", "was", "a", "possible", "borderline", "personality", "disorder", "and", "ruled", "out", "ADHD", ".", "At", "different", "times", "during", "the", "treatment", ",", "hospitalisation", "was", "suggested", ",", "but", "Angel", "refused", ".", "The", "first", "task", "was", "to", "train", "parents", "to", "set", "rules", ",", "limits", "and", "sanctions", "for", "their", "child", ".", "They", "are", "also", "trained", "to", "resist", "threats", "and", "attempts", "of", "aggression", ".", "In", "the", "first", "applications", "of", "rules", ",", "mental", "health", "and", "police", "services", "had", "to", "be", "called", "in", "because", "of", "the", "adolescent", "'", "s", "violent", "outbursts", ".", "This", "happens", "on", "several", "occasions", "throughout", "the", "intervention", "and", "whenever", "the", "emergency", "services", "arrive", ",", "the", "adolescent", "adapts", "to", "the", "situation", "and", "changes", "his", "or", "her", "attitude", ",", "avoiding", "hospitalisation", ".", "Therapeutic", "work", "was", "attempted", "in", "a", "peer", "group", "but", "due", "to", "the", "successive", "failure", "to", "comply", "with", "the", "rules", ",", "the", "dissimulation", "in", "the", "group", "at", "the", "beginning", "and", "the", "violent", "behaviour", ",", "this", "was", "abandoned", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "Angel", "does", "not", "accept", "the", "authority", "of", "female", "therapists", "and", "only", "accepts", "the", "authority", "of", "men", "who", "are", "capable", "of", "not", "backing", "down", "in", "the", "face", "of", "their", "threats", ".", "At", "one", "point", "he", "physically", "threatened", "a", "female", "psychologist", "and", "had", "to", "be", "temporarily", "expelled", ".", "Surprisingly", ",", "having", "made", "this", "threat", "in", "front", "of", "the", "parents", ",", "the", "mother", "refuses", "to", "accept", "the", "sanction", ".", "At", "the", "end", "of", "the", "sanction", ",", "they", "returned", "to", "the", "centre", ".", "As", "a", "result", "of", "increased", "family", "pressure", "supported", "by", "the", "centre", ",", "the", "violent", "behaviour", "is", "reduced", "and", "a", "normalised", "relationship", "is", "resumed", ".", "They", "begin", "to", "respect", "the", "father", "when", "they", "are", "able", "to", "confront", "him", ",", "even", "kicking", "him", "out", "of", "the", "house", ".", "After", "three", "months", ",", "cannabis", "consumption", "is", "eliminated", "but", "is", "resumed", "two", "months", "later", ",", "although", "in", "smaller", "quantities", ".", "Alcohol", "consumption", "is", "sporadic", "and", "cocaine", "consumption", "disappears", ".", "The", "imposition", "of", "rules", "is", "enough", "to", "get", "him", "to", "attend", "classes", "and", "to", "keep", "a", "job", "as", "a", "security", "guard", "for", "months", ".", "He", "maintained", "this", "attitude", "for", "some", "time", "until", "he", "was", "informed", "that", "as", "it", "was", "his", "first", "offence", "and", "he", "had", "no", "previous", "record", ",", "it", "was", "unlikely", "that", "he", "would", "be", "sent", "to", "prison", ".", "He", "resumes", "his", "violent", "behaviour", "and", "his", "parents", "maintain", "the", "normative", "structure", ".", "Ángel", "leaves", "the", "family", "home", "and", "asks", "for", "voluntary", "discharge", ".", "In", "this", "process", "the", "parents", "continue", "to", "attend", "the", "centre", "and", "make", "progress", "in", "terms", "of", "not", "giving", "in", "to", "emotional", "blackmail", "and", "the", "request", "to", "return", "home", "without", "any", "type", "of", "regulation", ".", "The", "family", "relationship", "improves", ",", "including", "with", "Angel", "who", "is", "away", "from", "home", "and", "who", "begins", "to", "admire", "his", "father", "for", "being", "able", "to", "stand", "up", "to", "him", ".", "All", "this", "breaks", "down", "when", "the", "father", "and", "mother", "decide", "to", "let", "him", "back", "into", "the", "house", "as", "other", "relatives", "give", "Angel", "shelter", "and", "begin", "to", "question", "them", ".", "There", "are", "again", "differences", "between", "the", "parents", "and", "both", "give", "up", "the", "treatment", "with", "the", "intention", "of", "separating", "even", "though", "they", "recognise", "that", "the", "last", "6", "months", "have", "been", "the", "best", "they", "have", "had", "in", "years", "as", "they", "have", "been", "able", "to", "set", "rules", "and", "limits", "for", "Angel", "." ]
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en
A 29-year-old man, fisherman, first consulted the emergency department for vomiting, asthenia, myalgia and fever. He was diagnosed with viral gastroenteritis and discharged with symptomatic treatment. Five days later, he consulted again due to persistent symptoms and decay: hypotension, tachycardia, and poor general condition were observed, as well as leukocytosis, neutrophilia, thrombopenia, acute renal failure, elevated creatine kinase and hypertransaminasemia, with normal lactate dehydrogenase. Admission to Internal Medicine with fluid therapy and supportive treatment was decided. In the following 12 hours, haemodynamic and respiratory deterioration, and admission to the Intensive Care Unit. After abdominal imaging tests that ruled out complications, extraction of blood cultures and complete blood tests with viral serology, atypical microorganisms and possible zoonosis, empirical antibiotic treatment was started with Levofloxacin and Doxycycline. The patient required ventilatory support with mechanical ventilation, continuous haemodialysis, vasoactive drugs and alveolar recruitment manoeuvres due to alveolar haemorrhage. Subsequently, microbiological results were received: negative cultures, and serology for Leptospira spp. IgM positive, confirmed with PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for Leptospira spp. in urine, confirming Weil's Syndrome, and de-escalating antibiotherapy to Doxycycline. Subsequent good evolution, being discharged from hospital, and in subsequent revisions seroconversion was observed, with positive IgG and negative IgM for Leptospira spp.
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en
A 17-year-old man from Romania with no previous history or usual treatment who had been living in Spain for 1 year with his family, who were healthy. He did not report any toxic habits. He consulted the emergency department for a 7-day history of continuous frontal headache radiating to the occipital region, which in the last 48 hours had been accompanied by a fever of up to 39°C and several episodes of vomiting in shotgun fashion. There were no other clinical symptoms in the rest of the anamnesis by organs and apparatus. He was being treated with amoxicillin and ibuprofen prescribed by his primary care physician, with little response. On physical examination he was in good general condition, although febrile at 38.8o, haemodynamically and ventilatorily stable, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and no neurological focality except for moderate nuchal rigidity. The haemogram showed a leukocytosis of 15,600 per mm3 with 86% neutrophils and a C-reactive protein of 26.5 mg/dl; the rest of the haemogram, biochemistry and coagulation were normal. The chest X-ray did not show any condensation, hilar adenopathies or signs of pleural effusion. A lumbar puncture was performed, after fundus examination, which ruled out the presence of papillitis, and a clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with slightly increased outflow pressure was obtained. The CSF Gram stain was negative with biochemistry showing 21 leukocytes (83% lymphocytes), glycosuria of 54 mg/dl, proteinuria of 90 mg/dl and an adenosine deaminase of 15 U/l. The patient was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit with a syndromic diagnosis of lymphocytic meningitis of possible tuberculous aetiology with antibiotic coverage (ceftriaxone and vancomycin) and acyclovir while awaiting the results of the aetiological study (DNA hybridisation by polymerase chain reaction -PCR- and CSF cultures, serology and blood cultures). Differential diagnosis With the syndromic diagnosis of lymphocytic meningitis, the differential diagnosis was considered as follows: Bacterial meningitis: - Partially treated meningitis. - Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. - Meningitis due to spirochetes (Treponema spp. Borrelia spp.). - Bacterial infective endocarditis. - Suppurative pictures due to parameningeal foci. - Meningitis due to intracellular microorganisms (Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetti). Viral meningitis: - Enterovirus meningitis. - Herpesvirus meningitis. - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) meningitis. - adenovirus meningitis - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus meningitis. - influenzavirus meningitis - mumps meningitis - arbovirus meningitis tuberculous meningitis fungal meningitis non-infectious meningitis - Neoplastic meningitis. - Neurosarcoidosis. - Chemical meningitis (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cotrimoxazole...). Evolution CSF PCR for enterovirus, herpesvirus, mumps, Toscana virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were negative, as well as CSF reagin test, serology for HIV, Borrelia, Treponema pallidum, Rickettsia spp and Coxiella burnetti. Clinically, the patient was still febrile after 72 hours, and the headache and vomiting had worsened, so an urgent cranial computed tomography (CT) scan was requested. The CT scan showed a bifrontal fluid collection extending over almost the entire surface of both lobes with moderate mass effect and signs of cerebritis, with pathological uptake of the dura mater. Cranial CT scan (axial section and sagittal reconstruction): hypodense collection corresponding to epidural empyema with contrast uptake of the dura mater was observed. In addition, there was lysis of the posterior wall of the left frontal sinus, which was confirmed by three-dimensional bone reconstruction as the probable parameningeal origin of the collection. Cranial CT scan (axial section in bone window and three-dimensional bone reconstruction): a solution of continuity of the posterior wall of the left frontal sinus was observed. With the radiological diagnosis of epidural empyema, the neurosurgery department was contacted and decided to intervene urgently on the patient after a cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to complete the study. This confirmed epidural involvement as well as a subdural and parietal component of the empyema measuring up to 16 mm, together with pansinusitis of both maxillary, frontal and left ethmoid sinuses. MRI of the skull (sagittal T1 and axial T2 before craniotomy): a subdural component of the empyema and parietal involvement of the empyema were observed. The water diffusion sequence showed water restriction, which strongly supported the purulent origin of the collection. A bifrontal craniotomy and a right parietal trephine were performed with evacuation of the purulent contents and cranialisation of the frontal sinus together with a galea flap to seal the fistula. Intraoperative findings were an epidural plastron with a thickened and yellowish dura mater. Concurrent blood cultures and CSF cultures, including long incubation cultures for mycobacteria and fungi, were negative; however, Streptococcus constellatus and Prevotella oris grew in the intraoperative sample, the latter resistant to penicillin G. Intravenous antibiotic coverage consisting of cefotaxime 2 grams every 4 hours and metronidazole 500 milligrams every 6 hours was chosen and continued for 6 weeks. The patient's evolution was very favourable, remaining afebrile at all times and presenting no neurological symptoms of any kind, although in the control MRI a certain 5 mm component of the empyema persisted, which it was decided not to evacuate, as well as the rest of the paranasal sinuses. MRI of the skull (sagittal T1 and axial T2 MRI after craniotomy): almost complete evacuation of the empyema with a small residual component of about 5 mm was observed. Subsequent examinations confirmed the complete resolution of the empyema and pansinusitis, and the patient was asymptomatic and there were no recurrences of the process at the present time. Final diagnosis The final diagnosis was polymicrobial epidural and subdural empyema secondary to sinusitis with left frontal sinus posterior wall fistula.
[ "A", "17-year-old", "man", "from", "Romania", "with", "no", "previous", "history", "or", "usual", "treatment", "who", "had", "been", "living", "in", "Spain", "for", "1", "year", "with", "his", "family", ",", "who", "were", "healthy", ".", "He", "did", "not", "report", "any", "toxic", "habits", ".", "He", "consulted", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "a", "7-day", "history", "of", "continuous", "frontal", "headache", "radiating", "to", "the", "occipital", "region", ",", "which", "in", "the", "last", "48", "hours", "had", "been", "accompanied", "by", "a", "fever", "of", "up", "to", "39", "°", "C", "and", "several", "episodes", "of", "vomiting", "in", "shotgun", "fashion", ".", "There", "were", "no", "other", "clinical", "symptoms", "in", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "anamnesis", "by", "organs", "and", "apparatus", ".", "He", "was", "being", "treated", "with", "amoxicillin", "and", "ibuprofen", "prescribed", "by", "his", "primary", "care", "physician", ",", "with", "little", "response", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", "he", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "although", "febrile", "at", "38", ".", "8o", ",", "haemodynamically", "and", "ventilatorily", "stable", ",", "with", "a", "Glasgow", "Coma", "Scale", "score", "of", "15", "and", "no", "neurological", "focality", "except", "for", "moderate", "nuchal", "rigidity", ".", "The", "haemogram", "showed", "a", "leukocytosis", "of", "15", ",", "600", "per", "mm3", "with", "86", "%", "neutrophils", "and", "a", "C-reactive", "protein", "of", "26", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "dl", ";", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "haemogram", ",", "biochemistry", "and", "coagulation", "were", "normal", ".", "The", "chest", "X-ray", "did", "not", "show", "any", "condensation", ",", "hilar", "adenopathies", "or", "signs", "of", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "A", "lumbar", "puncture", "was", "performed", ",", "after", "fundus", "examination", ",", "which", "ruled", "out", "the", "presence", "of", "papillitis", ",", "and", "a", "clear", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "with", "slightly", "increased", "outflow", "pressure", "was", "obtained", ".", "The", "CSF", "Gram", "stain", "was", "negative", "with", "biochemistry", "showing", "21", "leukocytes", "(", "83", "%", "lymphocytes", ")", ",", "glycosuria", "of", "54", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "proteinuria", "of", "90", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "an", "adenosine", "deaminase", "of", "15", "U", "/", "l", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Unit", "with", "a", "syndromic", "diagnosis", "of", "lymphocytic", "meningitis", "of", "possible", "tuberculous", "aetiology", "with", "antibiotic", "coverage", "(", "ceftriaxone", "and", "vancomycin", ")", "and", "acyclovir", "while", "awaiting", "the", "results", "of", "the", "aetiological", "study", "(", "DNA", "hybridisation", "by", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "-", "PCR", "-", "and", "CSF", "cultures", ",", "serology", "and", "blood", "cultures", ")", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "With", "the", "syndromic", "diagnosis", "of", "lymphocytic", "meningitis", ",", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "was", "considered", "as", "follows", ":", "Bacterial", "meningitis", ":", "-", "Partially", "treated", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Listeria", "monocytogenes", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Meningitis", "due", "to", "spirochetes", "(", "Treponema", "spp", ".", "Borrelia", "spp", ".", ")", ".", "-", "Bacterial", "infective", "endocarditis", ".", "-", "Suppurative", "pictures", "due", "to", "parameningeal", "foci", ".", "-", "Meningitis", "due", "to", "intracellular", "microorganisms", "(", "Rickettsia", "spp", ".", ",", "Coxiella", "burnetti", ")", ".", "Viral", "meningitis", ":", "-", "Enterovirus", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Herpesvirus", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "(", "HIV", ")", "meningitis", ".", "-", "adenovirus", "meningitis", "-", "lymphocytic", "choriomeningitis", "virus", "meningitis", ".", "-", "influenzavirus", "meningitis", "-", "mumps", "meningitis", "-", "arbovirus", "meningitis", "tuberculous", "meningitis", "fungal", "meningitis", "non-infectious", "meningitis", "-", "Neoplastic", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Neurosarcoidosis", ".", "-", "Chemical", "meningitis", "(", "non-steroidal", "anti-inflammatory", "drugs", ",", "cotrimoxazole", ".", ".", ".", ")", ".", "Evolution", "CSF", "PCR", "for", "enterovirus", ",", "herpesvirus", ",", "mumps", ",", "Toscana", "virus", "and", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "were", "negative", ",", "as", "well", "as", "CSF", "reagin", "test", ",", "serology", "for", "HIV", ",", "Borrelia", ",", "Treponema", "pallidum", ",", "Rickettsia", "spp", "and", "Coxiella", "burnetti", ".", "Clinically", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "still", "febrile", "after", "72", "hours", ",", "and", "the", "headache", "and", "vomiting", "had", "worsened", ",", "so", "an", "urgent", "cranial", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "was", "requested", ".", "The", "CT", "scan", "showed", "a", "bifrontal", "fluid", "collection", "extending", "over", "almost", "the", "entire", "surface", "of", "both", "lobes", "with", "moderate", "mass", "effect", "and", "signs", "of", "cerebritis", ",", "with", "pathological", "uptake", "of", "the", "dura", "mater", ".", "Cranial", "CT", "scan", "(", "axial", "section", "and", "sagittal", "reconstruction", ")", ":", "hypodense", "collection", "corresponding", "to", "epidural", "empyema", "with", "contrast", "uptake", "of", "the", "dura", "mater", "was", "observed", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "there", "was", "lysis", "of", "the", "posterior", "wall", "of", "the", "left", "frontal", "sinus", ",", "which", "was", "confirmed", "by", "three-dimensional", "bone", "reconstruction", "as", "the", "probable", "parameningeal", "origin", "of", "the", "collection", ".", "Cranial", "CT", "scan", "(", "axial", "section", "in", "bone", "window", "and", "three-dimensional", "bone", "reconstruction", ")", ":", "a", "solution", "of", "continuity", "of", "the", "posterior", "wall", "of", "the", "left", "frontal", "sinus", "was", "observed", ".", "With", "the", "radiological", "diagnosis", "of", "epidural", "empyema", ",", "the", "neurosurgery", "department", "was", "contacted", "and", "decided", "to", "intervene", "urgently", "on", "the", "patient", "after", "a", "cranial", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "scan", "to", "complete", "the", "study", ".", "This", "confirmed", "epidural", "involvement", "as", "well", "as", "a", "subdural", "and", "parietal", "component", "of", "the", "empyema", "measuring", "up", "to", "16", "mm", ",", "together", "with", "pansinusitis", "of", "both", "maxillary", ",", "frontal", "and", "left", "ethmoid", "sinuses", ".", "MRI", "of", "the", "skull", "(", "sagittal", "T1", "and", "axial", "T2", "before", "craniotomy", ")", ":", "a", "subdural", "component", "of", "the", "empyema", "and", "parietal", "involvement", "of", "the", "empyema", "were", "observed", ".", "The", "water", "diffusion", "sequence", "showed", "water", "restriction", ",", "which", "strongly", "supported", "the", "purulent", "origin", "of", "the", "collection", ".", "A", "bifrontal", "craniotomy", "and", "a", "right", "parietal", "trephine", "were", "performed", "with", "evacuation", "of", "the", "purulent", "contents", "and", "cranialisation", "of", "the", "frontal", "sinus", "together", "with", "a", "galea", "flap", "to", "seal", "the", "fistula", ".", "Intraoperative", "findings", "were", "an", "epidural", "plastron", "with", "a", "thickened", "and", "yellowish", "dura", "mater", ".", "Concurrent", "blood", "cultures", "and", "CSF", "cultures", ",", "including", "long", "incubation", "cultures", "for", "mycobacteria", "and", "fungi", ",", "were", "negative", ";", "however", ",", "Streptococcus", "constellatus", "and", "Prevotella", "oris", "grew", "in", "the", "intraoperative", "sample", ",", "the", "latter", "resistant", "to", "penicillin", "G", ".", "Intravenous", "antibiotic", "coverage", "consisting", "of", "cefotaxime", "2", "grams", "every", "4", "hours", "and", "metronidazole", "500", "milligrams", "every", "6", "hours", "was", "chosen", "and", "continued", "for", "6", "weeks", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "evolution", "was", "very", "favourable", ",", "remaining", "afebrile", "at", "all", "times", "and", "presenting", "no", "neurological", "symptoms", "of", "any", "kind", ",", "although", "in", "the", "control", "MRI", "a", "certain", "5", "mm", "component", "of", "the", "empyema", "persisted", ",", "which", "it", "was", "decided", "not", "to", "evacuate", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "paranasal", "sinuses", ".", "MRI", "of", "the", "skull", "(", "sagittal", "T1", "and", "axial", "T2", "MRI", "after", "craniotomy", ")", ":", "almost", "complete", "evacuation", "of", "the", "empyema", "with", "a", "small", "residual", "component", "of", "about", "5", "mm", "was", "observed", ".", "Subsequent", "examinations", "confirmed", "the", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "empyema", "and", "pansinusitis", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "asymptomatic", "and", "there", "were", "no", "recurrences", "of", "the", "process", "at", "the", "present", "time", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "The", "final", "diagnosis", "was", "polymicrobial", "epidural", "and", "subdural", "empyema", "secondary", "to", "sinusitis", "with", "left", "frontal", "sinus", "posterior", "wall", "fistula", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis A 63-year-old man allergic to acetylsalicylic acid and a former smoker of 80 pack-years. As personal history, he underwent surgery 20 years ago for inguinal hernia and left femur fracture, with implantation of osteosynthesis material. He has a family history of colon cancer (father), uterine cancer (sister) and breast cancer (5 female cousins). She started in April 2016 with a dry cough, which was treated with antibiotics. Given the persistence of the symptoms and the association of asthenia, hyporexia and dyspnoea on moderate exertion, she was referred to the Pneumology department, and the diagnostic study was started on an outpatient basis. Physical examination ECOG 1. Good general condition. Examination revealed pulmonary hypoventilation in the left hemithorax, with scattered rhonchi, with no other anomalies. Complementary tests Computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed obstructive atelectasis of the left lower lobe of the lung, associated with parietal thickening of the left main bronchus, with stenosis at the exit of the upper lobar bronchus and occlusion of the lower lobar bronchus. In addition, a 21 mm pulmonary nodule with irregular contours is described in the lateral segment of the middle lobe. It should be noted the existence of mediastinal adenopathic conglomerates and bilateral hilar adenopathies. Bronchoscopy revealed a grade III mucosal infiltration at the level of the left main bronchus, which was biopsied and was conclusive for squamous cell carcinoma. The EGFR, ALK and ROS-1 studies were negative, while PD-L1 was positive (10 %). Analytically, there were no pathological findings. Diagnosis Left lung squamous cell carcinoma cT2N3 M1a (contralateral lung nodule) stage IV (according to the 7th edition of the TNM classification). Treatment He started systemic chemotherapy treatment with cisplatin-gemcitabine in December 2016, receiving a total of 4 cycles until March 2017. A re-evaluation CT scan was performed, showing a partial response, for which she received thoracic radiotherapy for consolidation until the end of May. It should be noted that the CT scan showed an incidental pulmonary thromboembolism, for which the patient received anticoagulant treatment with low molecular weight heparin for a year. He maintains disease response in positron emission tomography (PET) performed after the end of radiotherapy. Evolution In September 2017, 4 months after completing radiotherapy, pulmonary and mediastinal lymph node progression was observed on PET, so she started second line of systemic treatment with immunotherapy (nivolumab). Three weeks after the first dose, in October, the patient began to experience proctalgia and a fever of 38°C, requiring surgery for a 7 cm right perianal abscess extending to the ischiorectal fossa. Drainage was performed, obtaining abundant purulent material, and a Pezzer probe was placed, with progressive clinical improvement. We should highlight the analytical evidence of asymptomatic hyperthyroidism, for which she started treatment with metamizole 5 mg. In December, treatment with nivolumab was resumed. After 5 doses, in January 2018, the patient presented a worsening of the previous right perineal wound, with spontaneous discharge through the wound. A new operation was performed, revealing a perineal abscess extending to the right scrotum, with palpable crepitus at this level. The necrotic material was debrided and the cavity was thoroughly washed, and microbiological documentation of Escherichia coli was found, for which he received antibiotic treatment with cephalosporins. Progressive favourable evolution, with disappearance of the cellulitis and perilesional inflammatory signs, for which he was discharged with a diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene, continuing local treatment on an outpatient basis. One month after being discharged, in February 2018, he was admitted again due to respiratory insufficiency, with CT scan findings of pulmonary consolidations related to pneumonitis secondary to nivolumab. He started treatment with systemic steroids at a dose of 1 mg/kg, with progressive clinical improvement, and was discharged. In April, a re-evaluation CT scan was performed, with improvement of the infiltrates and tumour stabilisation, so he remained without oncological treatment. In June steroid treatment was suspended and the CT scan was repeated, showing disappearance of the consolidations and partial response of the lung and mediastinal lymph node disease. One month after discontinuing steroid treatment, in July 2018, the patient began to experience macroscopic haematuria, so he was assessed by the Urology Department, who performed a cystoscopy, revealing an enlarged papillary bladder tumour at the level of the left hemitrigoneum, suggestive of malignancy. In August, transurethral resection of the lesion was performed, and the pathological anatomy concluded that it was a low grade non-invasive urothelial carcinoma pT1a. She continued to be monitored, presenting clinical deterioration of one month's evolution consisting of asthenia, hyporexia and epigastric pain with associated nausea and vomiting, for which she was admitted in October 2018. During admission, a re-evaluation CT scan was performed, showing stabilisation of the lung and mediastinal lymph node disease, but, as new findings, a lesion in the head of the pancreas with possible infiltration of the second duodenal portion, and locoregional lymphadenopathies, suggestive of malignancy. In view of the patient's clinical deterioration, with poor functional status, it was decided to focus treatment on symptomatic relief, without any other diagnostic or therapeutic measures. The patient finally died in November 2018.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "63-year-old", "man", "allergic", "to", "acetylsalicylic", "acid", "and", "a", "former", "smoker", "of", "80", "pack-years", ".", "As", "personal", "history", ",", "he", "underwent", "surgery", "20", "years", "ago", "for", "inguinal", "hernia", "and", "left", "femur", "fracture", ",", "with", "implantation", "of", "osteosynthesis", "material", ".", "He", "has", "a", "family", "history", "of", "colon", "cancer", "(", "father", ")", ",", "uterine", "cancer", "(", "sister", ")", "and", "breast", "cancer", "(", "5", "female", "cousins", ")", ".", "She", "started", "in", "April", "2016", "with", "a", "dry", "cough", ",", "which", "was", "treated", "with", "antibiotics", ".", "Given", "the", "persistence", "of", "the", "symptoms", "and", "the", "association", "of", "asthenia", ",", "hyporexia", "and", "dyspnoea", "on", "moderate", "exertion", ",", "she", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "Pneumology", "department", ",", "and", "the", "diagnostic", "study", "was", "started", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", ".", "Physical", "examination", "ECOG", "1", ".", "Good", "general", "condition", ".", "Examination", "revealed", "pulmonary", "hypoventilation", "in", "the", "left", "hemithorax", ",", "with", "scattered", "rhonchi", ",", "with", "no", "other", "anomalies", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "Computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "of", "the", "chest", ",", "abdomen", "and", "pelvis", "showed", "obstructive", "atelectasis", "of", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", "of", "the", "lung", ",", "associated", "with", "parietal", "thickening", "of", "the", "left", "main", "bronchus", ",", "with", "stenosis", "at", "the", "exit", "of", "the", "upper", "lobar", "bronchus", "and", "occlusion", "of", "the", "lower", "lobar", "bronchus", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "a", "21", "mm", "pulmonary", "nodule", "with", "irregular", "contours", "is", "described", "in", "the", "lateral", "segment", "of", "the", "middle", "lobe", ".", "It", "should", "be", "noted", "the", "existence", "of", "mediastinal", "adenopathic", "conglomerates", "and", "bilateral", "hilar", "adenopathies", ".", "Bronchoscopy", "revealed", "a", "grade", "III", "mucosal", "infiltration", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "left", "main", "bronchus", ",", "which", "was", "biopsied", "and", "was", "conclusive", "for", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", ".", "The", "EGFR", ",", "ALK", "and", "ROS-1", "studies", "were", "negative", ",", "while", "PD-L1", "was", "positive", "(", "10", "%", ")", ".", "Analytically", ",", "there", "were", "no", "pathological", "findings", ".", "Diagnosis", "Left", "lung", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", "cT2N3", "M1a", "(", "contralateral", "lung", "nodule", ")", "stage", "IV", "(", "according", "to", "the", "7th", "edition", "of", "the", "TNM", "classification", ")", ".", "Treatment", "He", "started", "systemic", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "with", "cisplatin-gemcitabine", "in", "December", "2016", ",", "receiving", "a", "total", "of", "4", "cycles", "until", "March", "2017", ".", "A", "re-evaluation", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "a", "partial", "response", ",", "for", "which", "she", "received", "thoracic", "radiotherapy", "for", "consolidation", "until", "the", "end", "of", "May", ".", "It", "should", "be", "noted", "that", "the", "CT", "scan", "showed", "an", "incidental", "pulmonary", "thromboembolism", ",", "for", "which", "the", "patient", "received", "anticoagulant", "treatment", "with", "low", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", "for", "a", "year", ".", "He", "maintains", "disease", "response", "in", "positron", "emission", "tomography", "(", "PET", ")", "performed", "after", "the", "end", "of", "radiotherapy", ".", "Evolution", "In", "September", "2017", ",", "4", "months", "after", "completing", "radiotherapy", ",", "pulmonary", "and", "mediastinal", "lymph", "node", "progression", "was", "observed", "on", "PET", ",", "so", "she", "started", "second", "line", "of", "systemic", "treatment", "with", "immunotherapy", "(", "nivolumab", ")", ".", "Three", "weeks", "after", "the", "first", "dose", ",", "in", "October", ",", "the", "patient", "began", "to", "experience", "proctalgia", "and", "a", "fever", "of", "38", "°", "C", ",", "requiring", "surgery", "for", "a", "7", "cm", "right", "perianal", "abscess", "extending", "to", "the", "ischiorectal", "fossa", ".", "Drainage", "was", "performed", ",", "obtaining", "abundant", "purulent", "material", ",", "and", "a", "Pezzer", "probe", "was", "placed", ",", "with", "progressive", "clinical", "improvement", ".", "We", "should", "highlight", "the", "analytical", "evidence", "of", "asymptomatic", "hyperthyroidism", ",", "for", "which", "she", "started", "treatment", "with", "metamizole", "5", "mg", ".", "In", "December", ",", "treatment", "with", "nivolumab", "was", "resumed", ".", "After", "5", "doses", ",", "in", "January", "2018", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "a", "worsening", "of", "the", "previous", "right", "perineal", "wound", ",", "with", "spontaneous", "discharge", "through", "the", "wound", ".", "A", "new", "operation", "was", "performed", ",", "revealing", "a", "perineal", "abscess", "extending", "to", "the", "right", "scrotum", ",", "with", "palpable", "crepitus", "at", "this", "level", ".", "The", "necrotic", "material", "was", "debrided", "and", "the", "cavity", "was", "thoroughly", "washed", ",", "and", "microbiological", "documentation", "of", "Escherichia", "coli", "was", "found", ",", "for", "which", "he", "received", "antibiotic", "treatment", "with", "cephalosporins", ".", "Progressive", "favourable", "evolution", ",", "with", "disappearance", "of", "the", "cellulitis", "and", "perilesional", "inflammatory", "signs", ",", "for", "which", "he", "was", "discharged", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "Fournier", "'", "s", "gangrene", ",", "continuing", "local", "treatment", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", ".", "One", "month", "after", "being", "discharged", ",", "in", "February", "2018", ",", "he", "was", "admitted", "again", "due", "to", "respiratory", "insufficiency", ",", "with", "CT", "scan", "findings", "of", "pulmonary", "consolidations", "related", "to", "pneumonitis", "secondary", "to", "nivolumab", ".", "He", "started", "treatment", "with", "systemic", "steroids", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "1", "mg", "/", "kg", ",", "with", "progressive", "clinical", "improvement", ",", "and", "was", "discharged", ".", "In", "April", ",", "a", "re-evaluation", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "with", "improvement", "of", "the", "infiltrates", "and", "tumour", "stabilisation", ",", "so", "he", "remained", "without", "oncological", "treatment", ".", "In", "June", "steroid", "treatment", "was", "suspended", "and", "the", "CT", "scan", "was", "repeated", ",", "showing", "disappearance", "of", "the", "consolidations", "and", "partial", "response", "of", "the", "lung", "and", "mediastinal", "lymph", "node", "disease", ".", "One", "month", "after", "discontinuing", "steroid", "treatment", ",", "in", "July", "2018", ",", "the", "patient", "began", "to", "experience", "macroscopic", "haematuria", ",", "so", "he", "was", "assessed", "by", "the", "Urology", "Department", ",", "who", "performed", "a", "cystoscopy", ",", "revealing", "an", "enlarged", "papillary", "bladder", "tumour", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "left", "hemitrigoneum", ",", "suggestive", "of", "malignancy", ".", "In", "August", ",", "transurethral", "resection", "of", "the", "lesion", "was", "performed", ",", "and", "the", "pathological", "anatomy", "concluded", "that", "it", "was", "a", "low", "grade", "non-invasive", "urothelial", "carcinoma", "pT1a", ".", "She", "continued", "to", "be", "monitored", ",", "presenting", "clinical", "deterioration", "of", "one", "month", "'", "s", "evolution", "consisting", "of", "asthenia", ",", "hyporexia", "and", "epigastric", "pain", "with", "associated", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", ",", "for", "which", "she", "was", "admitted", "in", "October", "2018", ".", "During", "admission", ",", "a", "re-evaluation", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "stabilisation", "of", "the", "lung", "and", "mediastinal", "lymph", "node", "disease", ",", "but", ",", "as", "new", "findings", ",", "a", "lesion", "in", "the", "head", "of", "the", "pancreas", "with", "possible", "infiltration", "of", "the", "second", "duodenal", "portion", ",", "and", "locoregional", "lymphadenopathies", ",", "suggestive", "of", "malignancy", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "clinical", "deterioration", ",", "with", "poor", "functional", "status", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "focus", "treatment", "on", "symptomatic", "relief", ",", "without", "any", "other", "diagnostic", "or", "therapeutic", "measures", ".", "The", "patient", "finally", "died", "in", "November", "2018", "." ]
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en
An 81-year-old man with a history of chronic atrial fibrillation came to our hospital with progressive dyspnoea of 2 months' duration, accompanied by asthenia and unquantified weight loss. The patient was afebrile, with semiology of right pleural effusion. Chest X-ray confirmed pleural effusion and mediastinal enlargement without lung parenchymal involvement. Blood tests were normal. Thoracentesis showed a thick milky fluid with 1400 leukocytes/mm3 with 10% neutrophils and 90% lymphocytes, protein 49 g/L (pleuroplasmic ratio: 0.66), LDH 262 U/L (pleuroplasmic ratio: 0.75), glucose 10.2 mmol/L, ADA 16 U/L, cholesterol 1.75 mmol/L and triglycerides 12.8 mmol/L. Cytology and conventional culture were negative. Intradermal Mantoux test was negative. Fibrobronchoscopy showed no endobronchial lesions. Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Löwenstein-Jensen medium culture of bronchoalveolar lavage were negative. A thoracoabdominal CT scan showed multiple adenopathic masses in the mediastinum and bilateral pleural effusion predominantly on the right. A CT-guided fine needle puncture-aspiration of the mediastinal mass was performed, without being able to collect adenopathic tissue. Thoracoscopy with pleural and lung biopsy and placement of a pleural drainage tube was performed. Pathology showed chronic granulomatous lesions compatible with tuberculosis in both pleura and lung. PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in the lung biopsy and negative in the pleura. Treatment was started with Isoniazid 300 mg/day, Rifampicin 600 mg/day and Pyrazinamide 1250 mg/day. Despite the treatment, the patient presented a clinical worsening and respiratory failure, and died. Necropsy was performed and bilateral chylothorax, chronic granulomatous caseating lymphadenitis compatible with tuberculosis of mediastinal lymph nodes and bilateral pleuropulmonary, hepatic, left adrenal and renal miliary dissemination were reported.
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 193, "end": 200 }, { "text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1388, "end": 1414 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1603, "end": 1610 } ]
en
A 79 year old patient came to the emergency department with a bad evolution of a spider bite that had bitten him after he had put on his bathrobe. The patient started with a sting in the right latero-cervical area, followed by pruritus and a single small maculo-papular lesion, evolving within a few hours into hot, painful oedema and local swelling, which progressively increased without improvement. Twenty-four hours after the bite, a lighelloid plaque appeared in the area of the bite and serous blisters with an erythematous area of cellulitis around them. The patient was in good general condition, but with intense pain in the left supraclavicular area and significant oedema with fluctuation on which there was a 6 cm erythematous-violaceous plaque with irregular boundaries, well-defined and an erythematous area extending to the breast together with a mobile and painful supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. In the emergency department, due to the poor clinical evolution, an incision-contra incision was made over the most fluctuant area, with no externalisation of pus. Complementary studies: leukocytosis with neutrophilia, the rest normal. Diagnosis: cutaneous loxoscelism. The patient recognised the spider when shown a photograph of a specimen. She was treated on the ward with corticosteroids, antihistamines and prophylactic antibiotics due to the risk of superinfection, with a very good clinical evolution. She remained stable, with no evidence of systemic involvement, apyretic, blood cultures were negative and antibiotic therapy was suspended.
[ "A", "79", "year", "old", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "a", "bad", "evolution", "of", "a", "spider", "bite", "that", "had", "bitten", "him", "after", "he", "had", "put", "on", "his", "bathrobe", ".", "The", "patient", "started", "with", "a", "sting", "in", "the", "right", "latero-cervical", "area", ",", "followed", "by", "pruritus", "and", "a", "single", "small", "maculo-papular", "lesion", ",", "evolving", "within", "a", "few", "hours", "into", "hot", ",", "painful", "oedema", "and", "local", "swelling", ",", "which", "progressively", "increased", "without", "improvement", ".", "Twenty-four", "hours", "after", "the", "bite", ",", "a", "lighelloid", "plaque", "appeared", "in", "the", "area", "of", "the", "bite", "and", "serous", "blisters", "with", "an", "erythematous", "area", "of", "cellulitis", "around", "them", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "but", "with", "intense", "pain", "in", "the", "left", "supraclavicular", "area", "and", "significant", "oedema", "with", "fluctuation", "on", "which", "there", "was", "a", "6", "cm", "erythematous-violaceous", "plaque", "with", "irregular", "boundaries", ",", "well-defined", "and", "an", "erythematous", "area", "extending", "to", "the", "breast", "together", "with", "a", "mobile", "and", "painful", "supraclavicular", "lymphadenopathy", ".", "In", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "due", "to", "the", "poor", "clinical", "evolution", ",", "an", "incision-contra", "incision", "was", "made", "over", "the", "most", "fluctuant", "area", ",", "with", "no", "externalisation", "of", "pus", ".", "Complementary", "studies", ":", "leukocytosis", "with", "neutrophilia", ",", "the", "rest", "normal", ".", "Diagnosis", ":", "cutaneous", "loxoscelism", ".", "The", "patient", "recognised", "the", "spider", "when", "shown", "a", "photograph", "of", "a", "specimen", ".", "She", "was", "treated", "on", "the", "ward", "with", "corticosteroids", ",", "antihistamines", "and", "prophylactic", "antibiotics", "due", "to", "the", "risk", "of", "superinfection", ",", "with", "a", "very", "good", "clinical", "evolution", ".", "She", "remained", "stable", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "systemic", "involvement", ",", "apyretic", ",", "blood", "cultures", "were", "negative", "and", "antibiotic", "therapy", "was", "suspended", "." ]
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 21 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 151, "end": 158 }, { "text": "spider", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 81, "end": 87 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 566, "end": 573 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1188, "end": 1195 }, { "text": "spider", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1211, "end": 1217 } ]
en
An 81-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with asthenia, anorexia and right lumbar pain of 2 weeks' evolution. Haemodynamically stable, and with fever (38.5 degrees) for 3 days. With a history of heart failure associated with atrial fibrillation, with no history of urological diseases. Physical examination revealed pain on deep palpation located in the right hemiabdomen, with no signs of peritoneal irritation, with the presence of a palpable mass and positive renal Murphy on the right. Analyses showed leukocytosis (22,390 with left shift), normochromic normocytic anaemia, with renal function within normal parameters, leukocyturia and microscopic haematuria. Reno-vesical radiography showed multiple radiopaque stones located in the right kidney. Abdominal-pelvic computed axial tomography with intravenous contrast injection showed an enlarged right kidney, with cortico-medullary disorganisation and the presence of multiple large lithiasic formations located in the renal pelvis. With the diagnosis of pyonephrosis and in order to stabilise the general deterioration, we decided to perform a pecutaneous nephrostomy at first. We witnessed abundant purulent fluid coming out of the nephrostomy, the culture of which revealed polymicrobial flora. Intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was started. After four days and as the surgical conditions were more suitable, we decided to perform a right nephrectomy by lombotomy. The description of the surgical specimen is as follows: Kidney (13x8.5x5 cm) sent with ureteral segment 10 cm long and with presence of perirenal adipose tissue. There is dilatation of the pyelocaliceal tree and marked atrophy of the renal parenchyma. Inside the pyelic tree there is purulent content and stones are identified, the largest of which is 4.5 cm. There are foci of suppuration with abcedification of the renal parenchyma and perirenal adipose tissue. In the pelvis and adjacent calyxes there is white tissue with a soft consistency measuring 6x5 cm, 10 cm away from the ureteral surgical top. Histological examination showed adenocarcinoma with predominant areas of tubular pattern and focal areas of tubulovillous pattern. The neoplasm presents characteristics of intestinal type adenocarcinoma, being possible to identify intestinal type Goblet cells characterised by the presence of apical intracytoplasmic mucus vacuoles.... The nuclei in some areas are uniform and monotonous and in other areas are more aggressive, irregular, of different sizes and with frequent mitotic activity. The neoplasm invades the subepithelial connective tissue. Glandular metaplasia of the urothelial epithelium is identified in the lining of the pyelocaliceal tree. Six months after surgery the patient died.
[ "An", "81-year-old", "female", "patient", "presented", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "asthenia", ",", "anorexia", "and", "right", "lumbar", "pain", "of", "2", "weeks", "'", "evolution", ".", "Haemodynamically", "stable", ",", "and", "with", "fever", "(", "38", ".", "5", "degrees", ")", "for", "3", "days", ".", "With", "a", "history", "of", "heart", "failure", "associated", "with", "atrial", "fibrillation", ",", "with", "no", "history", "of", "urological", "diseases", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "pain", "on", "deep", "palpation", "located", "in", "the", "right", "hemiabdomen", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "peritoneal", "irritation", ",", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "palpable", "mass", "and", "positive", "renal", "Murphy", "on", "the", "right", ".", "Analyses", "showed", "leukocytosis", "(", "22", ",", "390", "with", "left", "shift", ")", ",", "normochromic", "normocytic", "anaemia", ",", "with", "renal", "function", "within", "normal", "parameters", ",", "leukocyturia", "and", "microscopic", "haematuria", ".", "Reno-vesical", "radiography", "showed", "multiple", "radiopaque", "stones", "located", "in", "the", "right", "kidney", ".", "Abdominal-pelvic", "computed", "axial", "tomography", "with", "intravenous", "contrast", "injection", "showed", "an", "enlarged", "right", "kidney", ",", "with", "cortico-medullary", "disorganisation", "and", "the", "presence", "of", "multiple", "large", "lithiasic", "formations", "located", "in", "the", "renal", "pelvis", ".", "With", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "pyonephrosis", "and", "in", "order", "to", "stabilise", "the", "general", "deterioration", ",", "we", "decided", "to", "perform", "a", "pecutaneous", "nephrostomy", "at", "first", ".", "We", "witnessed", "abundant", "purulent", "fluid", "coming", "out", "of", "the", "nephrostomy", ",", "the", "culture", "of", "which", "revealed", "polymicrobial", "flora", ".", "Intravenous", "broad-spectrum", "antibiotic", "therapy", "was", "started", ".", "After", "four", "days", "and", "as", "the", "surgical", "conditions", "were", "more", "suitable", ",", "we", "decided", "to", "perform", "a", "right", "nephrectomy", "by", "lombotomy", ".", "The", "description", "of", "the", "surgical", "specimen", "is", "as", "follows", ":", "Kidney", "(", "13x8", ".", "5x5", "cm", ")", "sent", "with", "ureteral", "segment", "10", "cm", "long", "and", "with", "presence", "of", "perirenal", "adipose", "tissue", ".", "There", "is", "dilatation", "of", "the", "pyelocaliceal", "tree", "and", "marked", "atrophy", "of", "the", "renal", "parenchyma", ".", "Inside", "the", "pyelic", "tree", "there", "is", "purulent", "content", "and", "stones", "are", "identified", ",", "the", "largest", "of", "which", "is", "4", ".", "5", "cm", ".", "There", "are", "foci", "of", "suppuration", "with", "abcedification", "of", "the", "renal", "parenchyma", "and", "perirenal", "adipose", "tissue", ".", "In", "the", "pelvis", "and", "adjacent", "calyxes", "there", "is", "white", "tissue", "with", "a", "soft", "consistency", "measuring", "6x5", "cm", ",", "10", "cm", "away", "from", "the", "ureteral", "surgical", "top", ".", "Histological", "examination", "showed", "adenocarcinoma", "with", "predominant", "areas", "of", "tubular", "pattern", "and", "focal", "areas", "of", "tubulovillous", "pattern", ".", "The", "neoplasm", "presents", "characteristics", "of", "intestinal", "type", "adenocarcinoma", ",", "being", "possible", "to", "identify", "intestinal", "type", "Goblet", "cells", "characterised", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "apical", "intracytoplasmic", "mucus", "vacuoles", ".", ".", ".", ".", "The", "nuclei", "in", "some", "areas", "are", "uniform", "and", "monotonous", "and", "in", "other", "areas", "are", "more", "aggressive", ",", "irregular", ",", "of", "different", "sizes", "and", "with", "frequent", "mitotic", "activity", ".", "The", "neoplasm", "invades", "the", "subepithelial", "connective", "tissue", ".", "Glandular", "metaplasia", "of", "the", "urothelial", "epithelium", "is", "identified", "in", "the", "lining", "of", "the", "pyelocaliceal", "tree", ".", "Six", "months", "after", "surgery", "the", "patient", "died", "." ]
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[ { "text": "female patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 15, "end": 29 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 22, "end": 29 }, { "text": "polymicrobial flora", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1261, "end": 1280 }, { "text": "tree", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1667, "end": 1671 }, { "text": "tree", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1734, "end": 1738 }, { "text": "tree", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2722, "end": 2726 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2757, "end": 2764 } ]
en
The patient was a one-month-old male of Moroccan origin who came to the emergency department with vomiting, refusal of food and abdominal distension of 4 days' duration. The pregnancy was controlled, with no obstetric or perinatal history of interest, and the baby was born at term with a weight appropriate for his gestational age. Examination revealed a fair general condition, with cutaneous and mucosal pallor and generalised oedema, predominantly in the lower extremities. A polyfocal grade IV/VI systolic murmur was auscultated. The abdomen was distended, with presence of superficial venous network and ascites. Laboratory examination showed normocytic normochromic anaemia, leukocytosis with normal formula, creatinine less than 0.2mg/dl and urea 10mg/dl, increased cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreased total protein and albumin, in addition to hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia. Parathyroid hormone was slightly elevated. Urine proteinuria was in the nephrotic range with a proteinuria/creatinuria ratio of 33.7. Given the suspicion of CNS, intensive diuretic and antiproteinuric therapy, antithrombotic prophylaxis, adjuvant treatment with alpha-calcidiol, iron, calcium carbonate and levothyroxine, as well as enteral nutrition with hyperproteic and hypercaloric formula were started. He required treatment with serum albumin and erythropoietin. The cardiological study diagnosed moderate valvular pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defect. The genetic study found Frameshift type mutations for the NPHS1 gene, Intronic Variant type for the NPHS2 gene and Missense type for the WT1 gene. At three months of age he was readmitted for seizures secondary to severe hypocalcaemia. Due to the high levels of intravenous calcium required for its control through a peripheral venous access, a third-degree burn occurred, which required the placement of a skin graft. He required intensive care on two occasions at 4 and 6 months of age due to sepsis secondary to Staphylococcus hominis and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively, which were resolved with empirical antibiotherapy and subsequently according to antibiogram. Finally, the patient died at 8 months of age due to bilateral pneumonia associated with pneumothorax with decompensation of his underlying pathology that caused refractory hypoxaemia.
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[ { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 32, "end": 36 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 4, "end": 11 }, { "text": "Staphylococcus hominis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1990, "end": 2012 }, { "text": "Enterococcus faecalis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2017, "end": 2038 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2160, "end": 2167 } ]
en
Anamnesis This is a 79-year-old male, with a known allergic drug reaction to beta-lactams and oxaliplatin, who attended the Emergency Department in August 2017 for a cat bite on the right lower limb; noting serous exudate in the wound, as well as a dystrophic sensation with chills and a home thermometric fever of 39 oC. During the anamnesis, she reported pleuritic pain in the left field, dyspnoea, expectoration and increased oedema in the lower limbs. The oncological history began in September 2011, when the patient was diagnosed with native RAS mixed mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon, with vascular invasion, initially at stage T3N0M0 and treated with surgery. In January 2012, he was diagnosed with liver recurrence, so he started chemotherapy with FOLFOX (leucovorin calcium, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin) + bevacizumab, obtaining a partial response and receiving a total of 33 cycles until December 2013, after which three left hepatic segments were resected due to metastasis. He received subsequent treatment with 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) + bevacizumab x 8 cycles. A computed tomography (CT) scan in October 2014 showed progression with the appearance of bilateral pulmonary nodules, suggestive of metastatic involvement. Treatment was started with FOLFIRI (leucovorin calcium, fluorouracil and irinotecan hydrochloride) + panitumumumab, receiving a total of 5 cycles, with regular tolerance, so it was decided to continue with panitumumumab in monotherapy, treatment that was maintained until July 2016, when, due to new pulmonary progression, it was decided to start a new line of treatment with regorafenib, receiving 6 cycles. In the last CT scan, in February 2017, pulmonary nodules persisted, predominantly in the left hemithorax with areas of cavitation. At the time of ED consultation, chemotherapy treatment had been suspended four months earlier (April 2017), with 3 admissions since then for respiratory infection treated with piperacillin-tazobactam, levofloxacin and meropenem. After being assessed by the Home Care Support Team (ESAD) in the area for progression despite treatment and worsening of performance status (PS), therapeutic rest had been decided. Physical examination Physical examination revealed bilateral perimalleolar oedema on the lower limbs with pitting and punctate wounds on the dorsum of the distal third of the MID, which was warm, slightly erythematous, with serous exudate on application of pressure. Bilateral inguinal adenopathies less than 1 cm in size, of elastic consistency, cold, not adherent to deep planes, are palpated. There were no other significant findings except for hepatomegaly of 2 finger widths of the left hepatic lobe. During cardiopulmonary auscultation, rhythmic heart tones, without murmurs; and preserved vesicular murmur without added noises. Complementary tests Blood tests showed leukocytosis (18.20 10 E3/mcl), with 83 % neutrophils, and CRP of 11.0 mg/dl; without significant alterations in the rest of the parameters. A chest X-ray was performed, with no evident changes with respect to the previous ones. In the thoracic CT scan, at the level of the lung parenchyma, opacities of nodular morphology were observed, widely cavitated, which were located in the left upper lobe, while the rest of the already known opacities showed progressive growth. In addition, numerous opacities are also observed in both lung bases. In view of these findings, and taking into account the radiological evolution, a diagnosis of infection by atypical mycobacteria was suggested as a possible diagnosis. A microbiological study was requested, highlighting QuantiFERON® TB positive, as well as incubation in 3 sputa of 50 BAAR/field, without mutation to rifampicin. Diagnosis Given the results of the microbiological study, a diagnosis of respiratory infection was made, with a final diagnosis of bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment Based on current treatment recommendations for rifampicin-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antibiotic treatment with ethambutol hydrochloride, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin was started and continued for at least 6 months. Evolution Reviewing images with the Radiology Department from 2014 to the present, given the evolution of the pulmonary nodules and infiltrates, and having been diagnosed with TB, the nature of the pulmonary lesions is not clearly defined. Given that the patient has an active infectious process, no oncological treatment is currently being considered until it is resolved. It should be noted that, at the last review in the Medical Oncology consultation (February 2018), the patient reported improvement in general condition, with no symptoms of dyspnoea, fever, cough or expectoration. He continues to receive antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis. The CT scan performed in November 2017 showed an improvement in the cavitated lesion of the LSI, compared to the previous study, with no signs of recurrence.
[ "Anamnesis", "This", "is", "a", "79-year-old", "male", ",", "with", "a", "known", "allergic", "drug", "reaction", "to", "beta-lactams", "and", "oxaliplatin", ",", "who", "attended", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "in", "August", "2017", "for", "a", "cat", "bite", "on", "the", "right", "lower", "limb", ";", "noting", "serous", "exudate", "in", "the", "wound", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "dystrophic", "sensation", "with", "chills", "and", "a", "home", "thermometric", "fever", "of", "39", "oC", ".", "During", "the", "anamnesis", ",", "she", "reported", "pleuritic", "pain", "in", "the", "left", "field", ",", "dyspnoea", ",", "expectoration", "and", "increased", "oedema", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", ".", "The", "oncological", "history", "began", "in", "September", "2011", ",", "when", "the", "patient", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "native", "RAS", "mixed", "mucinous", "adenocarcinoma", "of", "the", "colon", ",", "with", "vascular", "invasion", ",", "initially", "at", "stage", "T3N0M0", "and", "treated", "with", "surgery", ".", "In", "January", "2012", ",", "he", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "liver", "recurrence", ",", "so", "he", "started", "chemotherapy", "with", "FOLFOX", "(", "leucovorin", "calcium", ",", "fluorouracil", "and", "oxaliplatin", ")", "+", "bevacizumab", ",", "obtaining", "a", "partial", "response", "and", "receiving", "a", "total", "of", "33", "cycles", "until", "December", "2013", ",", "after", "which", "three", "left", "hepatic", "segments", "were", "resected", "due", "to", "metastasis", ".", "He", "received", "subsequent", "treatment", "with", "5-FU", "(", "5-fluorouracil", ")", "+", "bevacizumab", "x", "8", "cycles", ".", "A", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "in", "October", "2014", "showed", "progression", "with", "the", "appearance", "of", "bilateral", "pulmonary", "nodules", ",", "suggestive", "of", "metastatic", "involvement", ".", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "FOLFIRI", "(", "leucovorin", "calcium", ",", "fluorouracil", "and", "irinotecan", "hydrochloride", ")", "+", "panitumumumab", ",", "receiving", "a", "total", "of", "5", "cycles", ",", "with", "regular", "tolerance", ",", "so", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "continue", "with", "panitumumumab", "in", "monotherapy", ",", "treatment", "that", "was", "maintained", "until", "July", "2016", ",", "when", ",", "due", "to", "new", "pulmonary", "progression", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "start", "a", "new", "line", "of", "treatment", "with", "regorafenib", ",", "receiving", "6", "cycles", ".", "In", "the", "last", "CT", "scan", ",", "in", "February", "2017", ",", "pulmonary", "nodules", "persisted", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "left", "hemithorax", "with", "areas", "of", "cavitation", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "ED", "consultation", ",", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "had", "been", "suspended", "four", "months", "earlier", "(", "April", "2017", ")", ",", "with", "3", "admissions", "since", "then", "for", "respiratory", "infection", "treated", "with", "piperacillin-tazobactam", ",", "levofloxacin", "and", "meropenem", ".", "After", "being", "assessed", "by", "the", "Home", "Care", "Support", "Team", "(", "ESAD", ")", "in", "the", "area", "for", "progression", "despite", "treatment", "and", "worsening", "of", "performance", "status", "(", "PS", ")", ",", "therapeutic", "rest", "had", "been", "decided", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "bilateral", "perimalleolar", "oedema", "on", "the", "lower", "limbs", "with", "pitting", "and", "punctate", "wounds", "on", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "distal", "third", "of", "the", "MID", ",", "which", "was", "warm", ",", "slightly", "erythematous", ",", "with", "serous", "exudate", "on", "application", "of", "pressure", ".", "Bilateral", "inguinal", "adenopathies", "less", "than", "1", "cm", "in", "size", ",", "of", "elastic", "consistency", ",", "cold", ",", "not", "adherent", "to", "deep", "planes", ",", "are", "palpated", ".", "There", "were", "no", "other", "significant", "findings", "except", "for", "hepatomegaly", "of", "2", "finger", "widths", "of", "the", "left", "hepatic", "lobe", ".", "During", "cardiopulmonary", "auscultation", ",", "rhythmic", "heart", "tones", ",", "without", "murmurs", ";", "and", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", "without", "added", "noises", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "Blood", "tests", "showed", "leukocytosis", "(", "18", ".", "20", "10", "E3", "/", "mcl", ")", ",", "with", "83", "%", "neutrophils", ",", "and", "CRP", "of", "11", ".", "0", "mg", "/", "dl", ";", "without", "significant", "alterations", "in", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "parameters", ".", "A", "chest", "X-ray", "was", "performed", ",", "with", "no", "evident", "changes", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "previous", "ones", ".", "In", "the", "thoracic", "CT", "scan", ",", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "lung", "parenchyma", ",", "opacities", "of", "nodular", "morphology", "were", "observed", ",", "widely", "cavitated", ",", "which", "were", "located", "in", "the", "left", "upper", "lobe", ",", "while", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "already", "known", "opacities", "showed", "progressive", "growth", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "numerous", "opacities", "are", "also", "observed", "in", "both", "lung", "bases", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", ",", "and", "taking", "into", "account", "the", "radiological", "evolution", ",", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "infection", "by", "atypical", "mycobacteria", "was", "suggested", "as", "a", "possible", "diagnosis", ".", "A", "microbiological", "study", "was", "requested", ",", "highlighting", "QuantiFERON", "®", "TB", "positive", ",", "as", "well", "as", "incubation", "in", "3", "sputa", "of", "50", "BAAR", "/", "field", ",", "without", "mutation", "to", "rifampicin", ".", "Diagnosis", "Given", "the", "results", "of", "the", "microbiological", "study", ",", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "respiratory", "infection", "was", "made", ",", "with", "a", "final", "diagnosis", "of", "bacilliferous", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", ".", "Treatment", "Based", "on", "current", "treatment", "recommendations", "for", "rifampicin-sensitive", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", ",", "antibiotic", "treatment", "with", "ethambutol", "hydrochloride", ",", "isoniazid", ",", "pyrazinamide", "and", "rifampicin", "was", "started", "and", "continued", "for", "at", "least", "6", "months", ".", "Evolution", "Reviewing", "images", "with", "the", "Radiology", "Department", "from", "2014", "to", "the", "present", ",", "given", "the", "evolution", "of", "the", "pulmonary", "nodules", "and", "infiltrates", ",", "and", "having", "been", "diagnosed", "with", "TB", ",", "the", "nature", "of", "the", "pulmonary", "lesions", "is", "not", "clearly", "defined", ".", "Given", "that", "the", "patient", "has", "an", "active", "infectious", "process", ",", "no", "oncological", "treatment", "is", "currently", "being", "considered", "until", "it", "is", "resolved", ".", "It", "should", "be", "noted", "that", ",", "at", "the", "last", "review", "in", "the", "Medical", "Oncology", "consultation", "(", "February", "2018", ")", ",", "the", "patient", "reported", "improvement", "in", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "no", "symptoms", "of", "dyspnoea", ",", "fever", ",", "cough", "or", "expectoration", ".", "He", "continues", "to", "receive", "antibiotic", "treatment", "for", "tuberculosis", ".", "The", "CT", "scan", "performed", "in", "November", "2017", "showed", "an", "improvement", "in", "the", "cavitated", "lesion", "of", "the", "LSI", ",", "compared", "to", "the", "previous", "study", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "recurrence", "." ]
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en
28-year-old woman, who reported allergy to penicillin studied in childhood by the Allergology Service, with intradermal test. She had no other known medical or surgical history of interest. She denied toxic habits. She did not take treatment on a regular basis. She consulted her primary care physician for symptoms of odynophagia of 10 days' evolution and self-palpation of the cervical lymph nodes. Examination revealed hypertrophic tonsils with whitish exudate, and treatment was started with oral corticotherapy (deflazacort 30 mg per day) and empirical oral antibiotherapy with clarithromycin 500 mg every 12 hours for 10 days. After 48 hours, the patient went to the emergency department for worsening general condition, presenting fever up to 39.7oC, dry cough, dyspnoea and right costal pain with pleuritic characteristics. On arrival the patient was febrile (38.3o), hypotensive (84/40 mmHg), tachycardic (120 bpm) and tachypneic (30 rpm). On examination she presented: cardiopulmonary auscultation with rhythmic tachycardic tones and good vesicular murmur with dry bibasal crackles; abdomen and lower extremities without findings. The otorhinolaryngological examination showed hypertrophic tonsils with a slight whitish exudate and multiple cervical adenopathies of 1-2 cm, not attached to deep planes, painful and mobile. There were no pathological findings in the dental pieces on examination. The complementary tests requested in the emergency department showed the following results: haemoglobin 10.7 mg/dl, leucocytes 47,000/ul, with 44,120 absolute neutrophils and platelets 160,000/uL. The smear showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia at the expense of mature elements with significant toxic granulation and the presence of a few cysts. No platelet aggregates. Coagulation with INR 1.4 with times within normality. Renal function with Cr 0.7 mg/dL with an estimated glomerular filtration rate according to CKD-EPI of 105.90 ml/min/1.73 m2, and normal ions, normal abdominal profile (Bilirubin 0.5 mg/dL), CRP 337 mg/L, procalcitonin 58.4 mg/L. Venous blood gas analysis showed pH 7.34, pO2 61 mmHg, pCO2 35 mmHg, HCO3- 19 mE/L, lactic acid 2.7 mosm/L. Chest X-ray showed normal cardiothoracic index and bibasal reticulonodular infiltrate (Chest X-ray: reticulonodular infiltrate in both bases and pulmonary nodules in LSD) and abdominal ultrasound showed right pleural effusion in discrete quantity and an image suggestive of consolidation in the lower lobe of the right lung. Differential diagnosis In view of the data obtained in the anamnesis and the complementary tests requested in the emergency department, we considered severe sepsis of otorhinolaryngological/respiratory origin as a syndromic diagnosis, with the following diagnostic possibilities: - Streptococcal tonsillitis complicated with: - Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, this could be considered due to the aggressiveness of the picture, however the absence of cutaneous involvement leads us to doubt this picture, as less than 20% present without such involvement. - Septic thrombophlebitis or Lemierre's syndrome: factors in favour include a septic picture in the context of possible tonsillitis, the presence of respiratory symptoms (cough and dyspnoea). - However, for the moment we did not have enough complementary tests, nor a decisive semiology in the cervical examination, to confirm that the patient had a jugular vein thrombosis. - Ludwig's angina, practically ruled out due to the presentation of the picture and the absence of inflammatory signs in the floor of the mouth and submaxillary region. - Plaut-Vincent's angina, initially we cannot rule it out, despite the otorhinolaryngological examination described above, as no ulceronecrotic lesion with formation of membranes can be seen. - Mononucleosis syndrome is considered in the presence of fever, lymphadenopathy, odynophagia and tonsillar hypertrophy; however, the intense leukocytosis at the expense of neutrophils would make this diagnosis difficult, unless it is a possible superinfection. - Community-acquired pneumonia, in principle we would be faced with a mixed profile, atypical due to the absence of clear radiological consolidation, dry cough without expectoration, and typical due to high fever and neutrophilic leukocytosis. Evolution On arrival at the hospital ward, empirical treatment with clarithromycin (500 mg every 12 hours) had already been started in the emergency department, given the patient's history of allergy to penicillins. The patient was in septic shock, with BP 90/40 mmHg, HR 120 bpm and tachypnoea of 30 breaths per minute. She was assessed by the Bacteraemia Programme team, who added clindamycin (600 mg every 6 hours IV) and requested an urgent cervico-thoracic CT scan, showing a left parapharyngeal abscess associated with thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein (cervical CT c/c. left parapharyngeal abscess associated with thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein). left parapharyngeal abscess and thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein) as well as bilateral cavitated pulmonary nodules compatible with septic embolism, associated with bilateral pleural effusion, which was drained, obtaining pleural fluid compatible with empyema (chest CT scan: bilateral septic emboli and image of pleural effusion predominantly on the right), with the placement of pleural drainage tubes. After 48 hours of incubation, results of complementary microbiological tests were received. Blood culture isolated Fusobacterium spp, pending definitive identification and antibiogram. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila antigenuria was negative. Sputum culture was also negative for bacteria and mycobacteria. Serology for pneumonia, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Coxiella burnetti and respiratory viruses was negative, as well as for Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasma gondii, hepatitis A, B, C virus, rubella and human immunodeficiency virus. In view of these data (CT scan and blood culture), as well as the absence of clinical improvement, presenting hypoxaemic respiratory failure and hypotension refractory to fluid therapy, an assessment was requested from the Intensive Care Unit, which decided to admit him to the ICU. During his stay in the ICU, tonsillectomy and abscess drainage were performed by the Otorhinolaryngology Department and assessment by the Allergy Department, which performed skin tests with major and minor determinants of benzylpenicillin sodium, with negative results. Following this, a controlled exposure test with penicillin was performed, and combined antibiotic treatment was started with peciniline (4 MU every 4 hours) and clindamycin (600mg every 6 hours IV), methylprednisolone (40mg every 8 hours IV) and anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin SC (60 mg every 12 hours). No vasoactive amines were required. The definitive results of the blood cultures were received, which reported isolation of Fusobacterium necrophorum sensitive to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, clindamycin, and metronidazole; and the pleural fluid culture, which was negative. After these therapeutic measures, the patient improved progressively without requiring mechanical ventilation or vasoactive amines. A control cervico-thoracic CT scan was performed with a favourable radiological response, and the patient was subsequently transferred to the Infectious Diseases hospital ward. Laboratory and radiological controls were carried out and showed an improvement in the condition, despite the persistence of residual lesions in the form of smaller pulmonary nodules and chronic thrombosis of the left jugular vein. Given the clinical stability of the patient, hospital discharge was decided on day +20 of admission, with home treatment with clindamycin 450 mg every 8 hours for a further 2 weeks, deflazacort 30 mg in a descending pattern, enoxaparin 60 mg every 12 hours. The patient was reviewed in the outpatient infectious diseases department 2 weeks after hospital discharge, where clinical improvement was observed, with virtual disappearance of the odynophagia and normalisation of the haemogram and acute phase reactants. Final diagnosis Lemierre's syndrome with the presence of peritonsillar and parapharyngeal abscess complicated by septic thrombophlebitis of the left internal jugular vein and bilateral pulmonary septic embolisms and pleural empyema.
[ "28-year-old", "woman", ",", "who", "reported", "allergy", "to", "penicillin", "studied", "in", "childhood", "by", "the", "Allergology", "Service", ",", "with", "intradermal", "test", ".", "She", "had", "no", "other", "known", "medical", "or", "surgical", "history", "of", "interest", ".", "She", "denied", "toxic", "habits", ".", "She", "did", "not", "take", "treatment", "on", "a", "regular", "basis", ".", "She", "consulted", "her", "primary", "care", "physician", "for", "symptoms", "of", "odynophagia", "of", "10", "days", "'", "evolution", "and", "self-palpation", "of", "the", "cervical", "lymph", "nodes", ".", "Examination", "revealed", "hypertrophic", "tonsils", "with", "whitish", "exudate", ",", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "oral", "corticotherapy", "(", "deflazacort", "30", "mg", "per", "day", ")", "and", "empirical", "oral", "antibiotherapy", "with", "clarithromycin", "500", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", "for", "10", "days", ".", "After", "48", "hours", ",", "the", "patient", "went", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "worsening", "general", "condition", ",", "presenting", "fever", "up", "to", "39", ".", "7oC", ",", "dry", "cough", ",", "dyspnoea", "and", "right", "costal", "pain", "with", "pleuritic", "characteristics", ".", "On", "arrival", "the", "patient", "was", "febrile", "(", "38", ".", "3o", ")", ",", "hypotensive", "(", "84", "/", "40", "mmHg", ")", ",", "tachycardic", "(", "120", "bpm", ")", "and", "tachypneic", "(", "30", "rpm", ")", ".", "On", "examination", "she", "presented", ":", "cardiopulmonary", "auscultation", "with", "rhythmic", "tachycardic", "tones", "and", "good", "vesicular", "murmur", "with", "dry", "bibasal", "crackles", ";", "abdomen", "and", "lower", "extremities", "without", "findings", ".", "The", "otorhinolaryngological", "examination", "showed", "hypertrophic", "tonsils", "with", "a", "slight", "whitish", "exudate", "and", "multiple", "cervical", "adenopathies", "of", "1-2", "cm", ",", "not", "attached", "to", "deep", "planes", ",", "painful", "and", "mobile", ".", "There", "were", "no", "pathological", "findings", "in", "the", "dental", "pieces", "on", "examination", ".", "The", "complementary", "tests", "requested", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", "showed", "the", "following", "results", ":", "haemoglobin", "10", ".", "7", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "leucocytes", "47", ",", "000", "/", "ul", ",", "with", "44", ",", "120", "absolute", "neutrophils", "and", "platelets", "160", ",", "000", "/", "uL", ".", "The", "smear", "showed", "leukocytosis", "with", "neutrophilia", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "mature", "elements", "with", "significant", "toxic", "granulation", "and", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "few", "cysts", ".", "No", "platelet", "aggregates", ".", "Coagulation", "with", "INR", "1", ".", "4", "with", "times", "within", "normality", ".", "Renal", "function", "with", "Cr", "0", ".", "7", "mg", "/", "dL", "with", "an", "estimated", "glomerular", "filtration", "rate", "according", "to", "CKD-EPI", "of", "105", ".", "90", "ml", "/", "min", "/", "1", ".", "73", "m2", ",", "and", "normal", "ions", ",", "normal", "abdominal", "profile", "(", "Bilirubin", "0", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "dL", ")", ",", "CRP", "337", "mg", "/", "L", ",", "procalcitonin", "58", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "L", ".", "Venous", "blood", "gas", "analysis", "showed", "pH", "7", ".", "34", ",", "pO2", "61", "mmHg", ",", "pCO2", "35", "mmHg", ",", "HCO3", "-", "19", "mE", "/", "L", ",", "lactic", "acid", "2", ".", "7", "mosm", "/", "L", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "normal", "cardiothoracic", "index", "and", "bibasal", "reticulonodular", "infiltrate", "(", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "reticulonodular", "infiltrate", "in", "both", "bases", "and", "pulmonary", "nodules", "in", "LSD", ")", "and", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "showed", "right", "pleural", "effusion", "in", "discrete", "quantity", "and", "an", "image", "suggestive", "of", "consolidation", "in", "the", "lower", "lobe", "of", "the", "right", "lung", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "In", "view", "of", "the", "data", "obtained", "in", "the", "anamnesis", "and", "the", "complementary", "tests", "requested", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "we", "considered", "severe", "sepsis", "of", "otorhinolaryngological", "/", "respiratory", "origin", "as", "a", "syndromic", "diagnosis", ",", "with", "the", "following", "diagnostic", "possibilities", ":", "-", "Streptococcal", "tonsillitis", "complicated", "with", ":", "-", "Streptococcal", "toxic", "shock", "syndrome", ",", "this", "could", "be", "considered", "due", "to", "the", "aggressiveness", "of", "the", "picture", ",", "however", "the", "absence", "of", "cutaneous", "involvement", "leads", "us", "to", "doubt", "this", "picture", ",", "as", "less", "than", "20", "%", "present", "without", "such", "involvement", ".", "-", "Septic", "thrombophlebitis", "or", "Lemierre", "'", "s", "syndrome", ":", "factors", "in", "favour", "include", "a", "septic", "picture", "in", "the", "context", "of", "possible", "tonsillitis", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "respiratory", "symptoms", "(", "cough", "and", "dyspnoea", ")", ".", "-", "However", ",", "for", "the", "moment", "we", "did", "not", "have", "enough", "complementary", "tests", ",", "nor", "a", "decisive", "semiology", "in", "the", "cervical", "examination", ",", "to", "confirm", "that", "the", "patient", "had", "a", "jugular", "vein", "thrombosis", ".", "-", "Ludwig", "'", "s", "angina", ",", "practically", "ruled", "out", "due", "to", "the", "presentation", "of", "the", "picture", "and", "the", "absence", "of", "inflammatory", "signs", "in", "the", "floor", "of", "the", "mouth", "and", "submaxillary", "region", ".", "-", "Plaut-Vincent", "'", "s", "angina", ",", "initially", "we", "cannot", "rule", "it", "out", ",", "despite", "the", "otorhinolaryngological", "examination", "described", "above", ",", "as", "no", "ulceronecrotic", "lesion", "with", "formation", "of", "membranes", "can", "be", "seen", ".", "-", "Mononucleosis", "syndrome", "is", "considered", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "fever", ",", "lymphadenopathy", ",", "odynophagia", "and", "tonsillar", "hypertrophy", ";", "however", ",", "the", "intense", "leukocytosis", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "neutrophils", "would", "make", "this", "diagnosis", "difficult", ",", "unless", "it", "is", "a", "possible", "superinfection", ".", "-", "Community-acquired", "pneumonia", ",", "in", "principle", "we", "would", "be", "faced", "with", "a", "mixed", "profile", ",", "atypical", "due", "to", "the", "absence", "of", "clear", "radiological", "consolidation", ",", "dry", "cough", "without", "expectoration", ",", "and", "typical", "due", "to", "high", "fever", "and", "neutrophilic", "leukocytosis", ".", "Evolution", "On", "arrival", "at", "the", "hospital", "ward", ",", "empirical", "treatment", "with", "clarithromycin", "(", "500", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", ")", "had", "already", "been", "started", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "given", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "history", "of", "allergy", "to", "penicillins", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "in", "septic", "shock", ",", "with", "BP", "90", "/", "40", "mmHg", ",", "HR", "120", "bpm", "and", "tachypnoea", "of", "30", "breaths", "per", "minute", ".", "She", "was", "assessed", "by", "the", "Bacteraemia", "Programme", "team", ",", "who", "added", "clindamycin", "(", "600", "mg", "every", "6", "hours", "IV", ")", "and", "requested", "an", "urgent", "cervico-thoracic", "CT", "scan", ",", "showing", "a", "left", "parapharyngeal", "abscess", "associated", "with", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "left", "internal", "jugular", "vein", "(", "cervical", "CT", "c", "/", "c", ".", "left", "parapharyngeal", "abscess", "associated", "with", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "left", "internal", "jugular", "vein", ")", ".", "left", "parapharyngeal", "abscess", "and", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "left", "internal", "jugular", "vein", ")", "as", "well", "as", "bilateral", "cavitated", "pulmonary", "nodules", "compatible", "with", "septic", "embolism", ",", "associated", "with", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", ",", "which", "was", "drained", ",", "obtaining", "pleural", "fluid", "compatible", "with", "empyema", "(", "chest", "CT", "scan", ":", "bilateral", "septic", "emboli", "and", "image", "of", "pleural", "effusion", "predominantly", "on", "the", "right", ")", ",", "with", "the", "placement", "of", "pleural", "drainage", "tubes", ".", "After", "48", "hours", "of", "incubation", ",", "results", "of", "complementary", "microbiological", "tests", "were", "received", ".", "Blood", "culture", "isolated", "Fusobacterium", "spp", ",", "pending", "definitive", "identification", "and", "antibiogram", ".", "Streptococcus", "pneumoniae", "and", "Legionella", "pneumophila", "antigenuria", "was", "negative", ".", "Sputum", "culture", "was", "also", "negative", "for", "bacteria", "and", "mycobacteria", ".", "Serology", "for", "pneumonia", ",", "including", "Mycoplasma", "pneumoniae", ",", "Chlamydia", "pneumoniae", ",", "Chlamydophila", "psittaci", ",", "Coxiella", "burnetti", "and", "respiratory", "viruses", "was", "negative", ",", "as", "well", "as", "for", "Epstein", "Barr", "virus", ",", "cytomegalovirus", ",", "Toxoplasma", "gondii", ",", "hepatitis", "A", ",", "B", ",", "C", "virus", ",", "rubella", "and", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "data", "(", "CT", "scan", "and", "blood", "culture", ")", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "absence", "of", "clinical", "improvement", ",", "presenting", "hypoxaemic", "respiratory", "failure", "and", "hypotension", "refractory", "to", "fluid", "therapy", ",", "an", "assessment", "was", "requested", "from", "the", "Intensive", "Care", "Unit", ",", "which", "decided", "to", "admit", "him", "to", "the", "ICU", ".", "During", "his", "stay", "in", "the", "ICU", ",", "tonsillectomy", "and", "abscess", "drainage", "were", "performed", "by", "the", "Otorhinolaryngology", "Department", "and", "assessment", "by", "the", "Allergy", "Department", ",", "which", "performed", "skin", "tests", "with", "major", "and", "minor", "determinants", "of", "benzylpenicillin", "sodium", ",", "with", "negative", "results", ".", "Following", "this", ",", "a", "controlled", "exposure", "test", "with", "penicillin", "was", "performed", ",", "and", "combined", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "peciniline", "(", "4", "MU", "every", "4", "hours", ")", "and", "clindamycin", "(", "600mg", "every", "6", "hours", "IV", ")", ",", "methylprednisolone", "(", "40mg", "every", "8", "hours", "IV", ")", "and", "anticoagulation", "with", "low", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", "SC", "(", "60", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", ")", ".", "No", "vasoactive", "amines", "were", "required", ".", "The", "definitive", "results", "of", "the", "blood", "cultures", "were", "received", ",", "which", "reported", "isolation", "of", "Fusobacterium", "necrophorum", "sensitive", "to", "penicillin", ",", "amoxicillin-clavulanic", "acid", ",", "clindamycin", ",", "and", "metronidazole", ";", "and", "the", "pleural", "fluid", "culture", ",", "which", "was", "negative", ".", "After", "these", "therapeutic", "measures", ",", "the", "patient", "improved", "progressively", "without", "requiring", "mechanical", "ventilation", "or", "vasoactive", "amines", ".", "A", "control", "cervico-thoracic", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", "with", "a", "favourable", "radiological", "response", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "subsequently", "transferred", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "hospital", "ward", ".", "Laboratory", "and", "radiological", "controls", "were", "carried", "out", "and", "showed", "an", "improvement", "in", "the", "condition", ",", "despite", "the", "persistence", "of", "residual", "lesions", "in", "the", "form", "of", "smaller", "pulmonary", "nodules", "and", "chronic", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "left", "jugular", "vein", ".", "Given", "the", "clinical", "stability", "of", "the", "patient", ",", "hospital", "discharge", "was", "decided", "on", "day", "+", "20", "of", "admission", ",", "with", "home", "treatment", "with", "clindamycin", "450", "mg", "every", "8", "hours", "for", "a", "further", "2", "weeks", ",", "deflazacort", "30", "mg", "in", "a", "descending", "pattern", ",", "enoxaparin", "60", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "reviewed", "in", "the", "outpatient", "infectious", "diseases", "department", "2", "weeks", "after", "hospital", "discharge", ",", "where", "clinical", "improvement", "was", "observed", ",", "with", "virtual", "disappearance", "of", "the", "odynophagia", "and", "normalisation", "of", "the", "haemogram", "and", "acute", "phase", "reactants", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Lemierre", "'", "s", "syndrome", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "peritonsillar", "and", "parapharyngeal", "abscess", "complicated", "by", "septic", "thrombophlebitis", "of", 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History, current disease and physical examination A 54-year-old male patient with a history of arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, with no known allergies. Home treatment with insulin Lantus 24 IU/24h and rapid insulin 4 IU/8h, losartan 100 mg/24h. She came to the emergency department with a sensation of numbness in the right upper limb (MSD) the previous night, and when she woke up she was unable to move it. He denied any other symptoms. Conscious, oriented, alert. Normal language. Normal EOM. Normal cranial nerves. Paresis in MSD 3/5 and slight hypoesthesia. Rhythmic heart tones without murmurs. Preserved MV without added noises. No oedema in lower limbs. Rest normal. Complementary tests CBC: normal haemogram, normal coagulation. Biochemistry with G 123 mg/dl, Cr 1 mg/dl. Cholesterol 192 mg/dl, LDL 133 mg/dl, TG 97 mg/dl. Rest normal. ECG: sinus rhythm at 54 bpm, normal axis, without repolarisation alterations. Cranial CT scan: ischaemic lesion in the most posterior portion of the left parietal lobe. There is another hypodense image of triangular morphology in the left frontal lobe suggesting ischaemic lesion. No other relevant findings. TSA echo-Doppler: parvus tardus wave at the level of the ICA in discordance with what was seen in B-mode and colour, which may be related to stenosis, so angio-MRI is recommended. Angio-MRI of TSA: no significant stenosis data are seen in the carotid bulbs or in the internal or external carotid arteries on both sides. Basilar and vertebral arteries are patent. Cerebral MRI: several lesions in the left MCA territory with diffusion restriction, corresponding to acute ischaemic lesions of probable embolic origin. Transthoracic echocardiogram: aI 35.9 mm and Ao 32 mm. Preserved LV systolic function with LVEF of 64%. Ventricular filling with altered relaxation pattern. Mild LVH. Peripheral intravenous FSS was injected and no bubbles were observed passing through the interatrial septum suggestive of PFO. Clinical evolution The patient recovered muscle strength, but presented mild hypoaesthesia in the right arm. He was discharged with a diagnosis of left parietal and frontal cerebral infarction of uncertain nature; under treatment with Adiro 300 mg/24h and atorvastatin 80 mg/24h. She was readmitted after 8 months due to vertiginous symptoms, vomiting, dysarthria and gait instability, as well as horizontal nystagmus to the left which, in addition to the previous infarcts, showed a new lesion in the cranial CAT scan, compatible with acute infarction in the left PICA territory. The cardiological study was normal and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was requested on a scheduled basis. He was discharged with a diagnosis of cryptogenetic left cerebellar ischaemic stroke, and treatment with Sintrom, suspending Adiro. TEE was performed and reported as no dilatation of cavities. Thinning of the interatrial septum at the level of the foramen ovale without macroscopic detachment and without abnormalities in mobility, with no signs of shunt seen with colour Doppler. Echocontrast was performed with agitated colloidal solution both at baseline and after the Valsalva manoeuvre. Early passage of microbubbles to the left cavities was observed after the Valsalva manoeuvre. The patient has remained stable during follow-up with no new cardioembolic episodes. Diagnosis Patent foramen ovale Recurrent cryptogenic ischaemic stroke
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We present the case of a 26-year-old woman, with no previous history of interest, who, although previously well, began with mild odynophagia, an afternoon fever of up to 38.5o, which resolved well with paracetamol, and general malaise. No accompanying chills or sweating crises. 4-5 days later, she noticed the appearance of lymph nodes in both laterocervical areas and started treatment with amoxicillin, 500 mg/8 h, on her own, without observing any improvement. Physical examination revealed the presence of lymph nodes in both laterocervical chains, of medium consistency, rolling, non-adherent, 1-2 cm in diameter and painless. There were no palpable lymphadenopathies at other levels or organomegaly. No goitre or pain on pressure over the thyroid region. The analytical study showed leukocytosis with lymphocyte predominance, with an ESR of 22 mm/h. Liver function was preserved, there was no hypergammaglobulinaemia and mantoux was negative. Chest X-ray was normal. Serology for the viruses studied was negative (anti-EBV, CMV, HIV, HTLV-1, HV-6, toxoplasma and syphilis). In the immunological study: ANA: 1/40 (80), antiDNA: 13.4 IU/ml (50), antiRNA: negative, ENA-RNP: 0.45 and anticardiolipin: negative. Thyroid function was assessed: T3: 1.31 mg/L (0.6-1.6), T4: 84 mg/L (46-93), TSH: 6.3 mU/L (<7), TGB (antithyroglobulin): 20.17 U/mL (<60), TPO (antiperoxidase): 1071 U/mL. Thyroid scan was normal. The fever disappeared after 12 days, but the lymph nodes remained unchanged, so a biopsy of two lymph nodes in the middle area of the right latero-cervical chain was performed, which was diagnostic. Histological examination was compatible with non-lymphocytic histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis or Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. In the evolutionary control of thyroid function 5 months after the onset of the disease, a decrease in the titre of antithyroid antibodies was observed (TGB: 7.6 U/mL; TPO: 870 U/mL), maintaining normal thyroid hormone and TSH levels (2.95 mU/L). Our diagnosis was subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with Kikuchi's disease.
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 37, "end": 42 }, { "text": "CMV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1031, "end": 1034 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1036, "end": 1039 }, { "text": "EBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1026, "end": 1029 }, { "text": "HTLV-1", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1041, "end": 1047 }, { "text": "HV-6", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1049, "end": 1053 }, { "text": "toxoplasma", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1055, "end": 1065 } ]
en
Reason for consultation Pain and swelling in the left abdomen. Anamnesis and physical examination Male, 40 years old, with no personal history of interest, drinker of about three beers a day, without regular treatment at home. He consulted the Emergency Department for presenting fever of up to 38oC and pain with a sensation of inflammation in the left hemiabdomen of about 20 days' evolution. Dyspnoea on moderate exertion for the last ten days, with no accompanying cough or expectoration. She had no weight loss or night sweats, nor did she report any other symptoms in the anamnesis by apparatus. At the onset of the symptoms he had visited his regional referral hospital on two occasions, where he had undergone a blood test showing mild leukocytes and elevated CRP, as well as a CT scan of the abdomen showing thickening of the muscle bellies and subcutaneous cellular tissue, with no other findings, for which antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was prescribed, without the patient noticing any improvement in his symptoms. Physical examination showed blood pressure 140/100 mmHg, heart rate 100 bpm, baseline oxygen saturation 93%, temperature 37.5oC. General condition is good, with good level of consciousness and orientation in the three spheres. No cervical or axillary lymphadenopathy. Cardiac auscultation was rhythmic, with no murmurs, and respiratory auscultation showed hyperventilation in the left base. The abdomen was soft, not painful on palpation, with no palpable masses or megaliths. The lateral and posterior area of the left abdomen was oedematous, slightly erythematous and warmer than the rest of the abdomen. Extremities without oedema, with palpable distal pulses and no other alterations. No cervical, axillary or inguinal lymph nodes were palpable. Examination of the cranial nerves was normal, with intact strength, muscle tone and sensation. Complementary tests Laboratory tests performed in the ED showed a haemocyte count of 106,000 leukocytes/μL, with a normal leukocyte formula, haemoglobin 13.8 g/dL, platelets 183,000/μL. Coagulation with 75% prothrombin activity. Biochemistry with normal glucose, renal function and ions, CRP 47. Chest X-ray shows a left pleural effusion. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm at 85 bpm, with normal QRS complex axis and no repolarisation abnormalities. An ultrasound scan of the abdomen showed thickening of the abdominal oblique, latissimus dorsi and left serratus muscle bellies, as well as inflammatory changes in the subcutaneous cellular tissue and slight attenuation changes in the fat of the posas and left iliac region. With these data, the patient was admitted to the Internal Medicine hospital ward for investigation of localised or focal myositis. Differential diagnosis Myositis is an inflammation of the musculoskeletal tissue that can be caused by different pathologies. Infection is a rare cause of soft tissue infections. It can be caused by multiple pathogens, including viruses (Coxsackie group B or HIV), trichinosis and bacterial infections. In addition, in the case of penetrating wounds contaminated by spores of Clostridium perfringens, which causes gas gangrene, the following can occur 1. Inflammatory myopathies include a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases that have in common subacute or chronic muscle weakness and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the muscle biopsy. Included in this group is polymyositis characterised by proximal predominantly symmetrical weakness of chronic course, in addition to systemic manifestations. It also includes dermatomyositis, characterised by asthenia and fever, followed by muscle involvement and the appearance of skin lesions. Finally, inclusion body myositis is the only one most prevalent in males, characterised by slow, symmetrical weakness, initially in the lower limbs, and atrophy of the affected musculature. 2 Metabolic myopathies have in common abnormalities in muscle energy metabolism, muscle biopsy reveals fibre necrosis and phagocytosis, as well as esonophilic myositis as part of an eosinophilic syndrome, granulomatous myositis (isolated or associated with granulomatous syndromes). Other diseases to consider in the diagnosis especially when the form is localised are muscle cancer and/or thrombophlebitis. 3 The diagnosis of inflammatory myopathies is suspected on the basis of clinical features and confirmed by laboratory tests, serum muscle enzyme concentration, presence of autoantibodies, electromyography and muscle biopsy. Recently, muscle MRI and ultrasound studies have been introduced as auxiliary tools in the process of differential diagnosis of myopathies. The definitive diagnostic procedure is muscle biopsy, which ideally should be performed prior to the start of treatment and is usually taken from the vastolateral, deltoid or biceps brachii muscles, verifying that the muscle does not show severe atrophy.3 Final result In our case, the patient presented with a very localised myositis, with exclusive involvement of the muscle bellies of the chest and abdominal wall, as well as involvement of the subcutaneous cellular tissue. Given the patient's epidemiological history, a diagnosis of trichinosis was made and treatment was started with albendazole and antibiotic therapy aimed at the cellulitis secondary to the process. Blood cultures, stool cultures and serology (including trichina spiralis) were also taken, with negative results. The patient's muscular lesion did not improve despite the start of treatment, and even progressed to other muscle bellies, and the pleural effusion got progressively worse. Diagnostic thoracentesis was performed, compatible with exudate, which was sent to microbiology and pathological anatomy, with negative results for malignant cells, although suggestive of an inflammatory process with abundant eosinophilia. Finally, it was necessary to perform a pleural drainage due to respiratory failure with massive pleural effusion. In view of the persistence of the symptoms, muscular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was requested, which showed a destructuring of the muscular wall, with inflammatory changes, fundamental involvement of the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall and left flank, which showed irregular enhancement with contrast, without appreciable drainable organised collections, as well as oedema in the fat of the abdominal wall and in the interior of the abdominal cavity. Finally, it was decided to perform a muscle biopsy by surgery, sending the sample to the microbiology and pathological anatomy laboratories at our centre. The microbiological study was negative. The anatomopathological study was of fibroadipose tissue and striated muscle bundles showing infiltration by a proliferation of large cells with an oval nucleus accompanied by numerous eosinophils, after the immunohistochemical study a diagnosis of a peripheral T lymphoproliferative process of the peripheral T lymphoma type with an aberrant T immunophenotype was made. The patient was assessed by the Oncology Department, which started chemotherapy treatment with the CHOP scheme with the patient hospitalised, with good tolerance by the patient, so it was decided to discharge him home to continue treatment and follow-up on an outpatient basis. The chemotherapy treatment has now been completed and in the latest check-ups the patient is in complete remission.
[ "Reason", "for", "consultation", "Pain", "and", "swelling", "in", "the", "left", "abdomen", ".", "Anamnesis", "and", "physical", "examination", "Male", ",", "40", "years", "old", ",", "with", "no", "personal", "history", "of", "interest", ",", "drinker", "of", "about", "three", "beers", "a", "day", ",", "without", "regular", "treatment", "at", "home", ".", "He", "consulted", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "for", "presenting", "fever", "of", "up", "to", "38oC", "and", "pain", "with", "a", "sensation", "of", "inflammation", "in", "the", "left", "hemiabdomen", "of", "about", "20", "days", "'", "evolution", ".", "Dyspnoea", "on", "moderate", "exertion", "for", "the", "last", "ten", "days", ",", "with", "no", "accompanying", "cough", "or", "expectoration", ".", "She", "had", "no", "weight", "loss", "or", "night", "sweats", ",", "nor", "did", "she", "report", "any", "other", "symptoms", "in", "the", "anamnesis", "by", "apparatus", ".", "At", "the", "onset", "of", "the", "symptoms", "he", "had", "visited", "his", "regional", "referral", "hospital", "on", "two", "occasions", ",", "where", "he", "had", "undergone", "a", "blood", "test", "showing", "mild", "leukocytes", "and", "elevated", "CRP", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "abdomen", "showing", "thickening", "of", "the", "muscle", "bellies", "and", "subcutaneous", "cellular", "tissue", ",", "with", "no", "other", "findings", ",", "for", "which", "antibiotic", "treatment", "with", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "was", "prescribed", ",", "without", "the", "patient", "noticing", "any", "improvement", "in", "his", "symptoms", ".", "Physical", "examination", "showed", "blood", "pressure", "140", "/", "100", "mmHg", ",", "heart", "rate", "100", "bpm", ",", "baseline", "oxygen", "saturation", "93", "%", ",", "temperature", "37", ".", "5oC", ".", "General", "condition", "is", "good", ",", "with", "good", "level", "of", "consciousness", "and", "orientation", "in", "the", "three", "spheres", ".", "No", "cervical", "or", "axillary", "lymphadenopathy", ".", "Cardiac", "auscultation", "was", "rhythmic", ",", "with", "no", "murmurs", ",", "and", "respiratory", "auscultation", "showed", "hyperventilation", "in", "the", "left", "base", ".", "The", "abdomen", "was", "soft", ",", "not", "painful", "on", "palpation", ",", "with", "no", "palpable", "masses", "or", "megaliths", ".", "The", "lateral", "and", "posterior", "area", "of", "the", "left", "abdomen", "was", "oedematous", ",", "slightly", "erythematous", "and", "warmer", "than", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "abdomen", ".", "Extremities", "without", "oedema", ",", "with", "palpable", "distal", "pulses", "and", "no", "other", "alterations", ".", "No", "cervical", ",", "axillary", "or", "inguinal", "lymph", "nodes", "were", "palpable", ".", "Examination", "of", "the", "cranial", "nerves", "was", "normal", ",", "with", "intact", "strength", ",", "muscle", "tone", "and", "sensation", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "Laboratory", "tests", "performed", "in", "the", "ED", "showed", "a", "haemocyte", "count", "of", "106", ",", "000", "leukocytes", "/", "μL", ",", "with", "a", "normal", "leukocyte", "formula", ",", "haemoglobin", "13", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dL", ",", "platelets", "183", ",", "000", "/", "μL", ".", "Coagulation", "with", "75", "%", "prothrombin", "activity", ".", "Biochemistry", "with", "normal", "glucose", ",", "renal", "function", "and", "ions", ",", "CRP", "47", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "shows", "a", "left", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "The", "electrocardiogram", "showed", "sinus", "rhythm", "at", "85", "bpm", ",", "with", "normal", "QRS", "complex", "axis", "and", "no", "repolarisation", "abnormalities", ".", "An", "ultrasound", "scan", "of", "the", "abdomen", "showed", "thickening", "of", "the", "abdominal", "oblique", ",", "latissimus", "dorsi", "and", "left", "serratus", "muscle", "bellies", ",", "as", "well", "as", "inflammatory", "changes", "in", "the", "subcutaneous", "cellular", "tissue", "and", "slight", "attenuation", "changes", "in", "the", "fat", "of", "the", "posas", "and", "left", "iliac", "region", ".", "With", "these", "data", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "Internal", "Medicine", "hospital", "ward", "for", "investigation", "of", "localised", "or", "focal", "myositis", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "Myositis", "is", "an", "inflammation", "of", "the", "musculoskeletal", "tissue", "that", "can", "be", "caused", "by", "different", "pathologies", ".", "Infection", "is", "a", "rare", "cause", "of", "soft", "tissue", "infections", ".", "It", "can", "be", "caused", "by", "multiple", "pathogens", ",", "including", "viruses", "(", "Coxsackie", "group", "B", "or", "HIV", ")", ",", "trichinosis", "and", "bacterial", "infections", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "in", "the", "case", "of", "penetrating", "wounds", "contaminated", "by", "spores", "of", "Clostridium", "perfringens", ",", "which", "causes", "gas", "gangrene", ",", "the", "following", "can", "occur", "1", ".", "Inflammatory", "myopathies", "include", "a", "heterogeneous", "group", "of", "muscle", "diseases", "that", "have", "in", "common", "subacute", "or", "chronic", "muscle", "weakness", "and", "the", "presence", "of", "inflammatory", "infiltrates", "in", "the", "muscle", "biopsy", ".", "Included", "in", "this", "group", "is", "polymyositis", "characterised", "by", "proximal", "predominantly", "symmetrical", "weakness", "of", "chronic", "course", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "systemic", "manifestations", ".", "It", "also", "includes", "dermatomyositis", ",", "characterised", "by", "asthenia", "and", "fever", ",", "followed", "by", "muscle", "involvement", "and", "the", "appearance", "of", "skin", "lesions", ".", "Finally", ",", "inclusion", "body", "myositis", "is", "the", "only", "one", "most", "prevalent", "in", "males", ",", "characterised", "by", "slow", ",", "symmetrical", "weakness", ",", "initially", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", ",", "and", "atrophy", "of", "the", "affected", "musculature", ".", "2", "Metabolic", "myopathies", "have", "in", "common", "abnormalities", "in", "muscle", "energy", "metabolism", ",", "muscle", "biopsy", "reveals", "fibre", "necrosis", "and", "phagocytosis", ",", "as", "well", "as", "esonophilic", "myositis", "as", "part", "of", "an", "eosinophilic", "syndrome", ",", "granulomatous", "myositis", "(", "isolated", "or", "associated", "with", "granulomatous", "syndromes", ")", ".", "Other", "diseases", "to", "consider", "in", "the", "diagnosis", "especially", "when", "the", "form", "is", "localised", "are", "muscle", "cancer", "and", "/", "or", "thrombophlebitis", ".", "3", "The", "diagnosis", "of", "inflammatory", "myopathies", "is", "suspected", "on", "the", "basis", "of", "clinical", "features", "and", "confirmed", "by", "laboratory", "tests", ",", "serum", "muscle", "enzyme", "concentration", ",", "presence", "of", "autoantibodies", ",", "electromyography", "and", "muscle", "biopsy", ".", "Recently", ",", "muscle", "MRI", "and", "ultrasound", "studies", "have", "been", "introduced", "as", "auxiliary", "tools", "in", "the", "process", "of", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "myopathies", ".", "The", "definitive", "diagnostic", "procedure", "is", "muscle", "biopsy", ",", "which", "ideally", "should", "be", "performed", "prior", "to", "the", "start", "of", "treatment", "and", "is", "usually", "taken", "from", "the", "vastolateral", ",", "deltoid", "or", "biceps", "brachii", "muscles", ",", "verifying", "that", "the", "muscle", "does", "not", "show", "severe", "atrophy", ".", "3", "Final", "result", "In", "our", "case", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "with", "a", "very", "localised", "myositis", ",", "with", "exclusive", "involvement", "of", "the", "muscle", "bellies", "of", "the", "chest", "and", "abdominal", "wall", ",", "as", "well", "as", "involvement", "of", "the", "subcutaneous", "cellular", "tissue", ".", "Given", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "epidemiological", "history", ",", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "trichinosis", "was", "made", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "albendazole", "and", "antibiotic", "therapy", "aimed", "at", "the", "cellulitis", "secondary", "to", "the", "process", ".", "Blood", "cultures", ",", "stool", "cultures", "and", "serology", "(", "including", "trichina", "spiralis", ")", "were", "also", "taken", ",", "with", "negative", "results", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "muscular", "lesion", "did", "not", "improve", "despite", "the", "start", "of", "treatment", ",", "and", "even", "progressed", "to", "other", "muscle", "bellies", ",", "and", "the", "pleural", "effusion", "got", "progressively", "worse", ".", "Diagnostic", "thoracentesis", "was", "performed", ",", "compatible", "with", "exudate", ",", "which", "was", "sent", "to", "microbiology", "and", "pathological", "anatomy", ",", "with", "negative", "results", "for", "malignant", "cells", ",", "although", "suggestive", "of", "an", "inflammatory", "process", "with", "abundant", "eosinophilia", ".", "Finally", ",", "it", "was", "necessary", "to", "perform", "a", "pleural", "drainage", "due", "to", "respiratory", "failure", "with", "massive", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "persistence", "of", "the", "symptoms", ",", "muscular", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "was", "requested", ",", "which", "showed", "a", "destructuring", "of", "the", "muscular", "wall", ",", "with", "inflammatory", "changes", ",", "fundamental", "involvement", "of", "the", "muscles", "of", "the", "lateral", "abdominal", "wall", "and", "left", "flank", ",", "which", "showed", "irregular", "enhancement", "with", "contrast", ",", "without", "appreciable", "drainable", "organised", "collections", ",", "as", "well", "as", "oedema", "in", "the", "fat", "of", "the", "abdominal", "wall", "and", "in", "the", "interior", "of", "the", "abdominal", "cavity", ".", "Finally", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "a", "muscle", "biopsy", "by", "surgery", ",", "sending", "the", "sample", "to", "the", "microbiology", "and", "pathological", "anatomy", "laboratories", "at", "our", "centre", ".", "The", "microbiological", "study", "was", "negative", ".", "The", "anatomopathological", "study", "was", "of", "fibroadipose", "tissue", "and", "striated", "muscle", "bundles", "showing", "infiltration", "by", "a", "proliferation", "of", "large", "cells", "with", "an", "oval", "nucleus", "accompanied", "by", "numerous", "eosinophils", ",", "after", "the", "immunohistochemical", "study", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "a", "peripheral", "T", "lymphoproliferative", "process", "of", "the", "peripheral", "T", "lymphoma", "type", "with", "an", "aberrant", "T", "immunophenotype", "was", "made", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "assessed", "by", "the", "Oncology", "Department", ",", "which", "started", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "with", "the", "CHOP", "scheme", "with", "the", "patient", "hospitalised", ",", "with", "good", "tolerance", "by", "the", "patient", ",", "so", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "discharge", "him", "home", "to", "continue", "treatment", "and", "follow-up", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", ".", "The", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "has", "now", "been", "completed", "and", "in", "the", "latest", "check-ups", "the", "patient", "is", "in", "complete", "remission", "." ]
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Anamnesis 53-year-old male, businessman, with no known drug allergies or toxic habits. He came to our clinic accompanied by his wife. He was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis with ocular and bulbar involvement of 20 years of evolution, thymectomised and under treatment with azathioprine 100 mg per day and pyridostigmine 180 mg per day. He did not follow routine check-ups by Neurology. He consulted for generalised pruritic skin lesions of two days' evolution accompanied by intense burning, stabbing pain in the right parieto-temporal region. The patient reported pain in the right ear for 5 days and his general practitioner, observing some erythema in the external auditory canal, had prescribed ciprofloxacin drops for possible otitis externa. He also explained that he had been going through a period of stress for several months due to problems at work. Physical examination The patient was conscious, oriented, normal colour and normohydrated. There was a disseminated cutaneous eruption consisting of multiple erythematous papules, some of which were vesicular and others crusted, which he related to the application of ear drops. They were distributed on both the trunk and the extremities. There was no involvement of the mucous membranes, palms or soles. In addition, a large necrotic plaque with smaller satellite lesions was observed in the right temporal region. The rest of the physical examination was normal. Complementary examinations Blood tests showed megaloblastic anaemia (haemoglobin 9.6 g/dl and mean corpuscular volume 124 fl), coagulation, renal, hepatic and electrolyte function in the normal range. In addition, a chest X-ray showed a bilateral interstitial pattern suggestive of pneumonia. Diagnosis Clinical manifestations were compatible with disseminated right temporal herpes zoster in a patient immunosuppressed by chronic azathioprine. In addition, secondary varicella pneumonia and azathioprine megaloblastic anaemia were diagnosed. Treatment The patient was admitted (in isolation) and started treatment with intravenous acyclovir at a dose of 10 mg/kg every 8 hours, analgesia with paracetamol, nolotil and pregabalin, as well as zinc sulphate fomentation for 10 minutes twice a day and topical fusidic acid on the necrotic lesions of the scalp. Evolution The patient was admitted to hospital for a week with good evolution and completing the antiviral treatment. At discharge the lesions were in the crusting phase and the neuropathic pain was controlled with the prescribed analgesia. The control chest X-ray showed no abnormalities, and the pneumonia had resolved. The patient was referred to the outpatient neurology department for monitoring of his underlying disease.
[ "Anamnesis", "53-year-old", "male", ",", "businessman", ",", "with", "no", "known", "drug", "allergies", "or", "toxic", "habits", ".", "He", "came", "to", "our", "clinic", "accompanied", "by", "his", "wife", ".", "He", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "myasthenia", "gravis", "with", "ocular", "and", "bulbar", "involvement", "of", "20", "years", "of", "evolution", ",", "thymectomised", "and", "under", "treatment", "with", "azathioprine", "100", "mg", "per", "day", "and", "pyridostigmine", "180", "mg", "per", "day", ".", "He", "did", "not", "follow", "routine", "check-ups", "by", "Neurology", ".", "He", "consulted", "for", "generalised", "pruritic", "skin", "lesions", "of", "two", "days", "'", "evolution", "accompanied", "by", "intense", "burning", ",", "stabbing", "pain", "in", "the", "right", "parieto-temporal", "region", ".", "The", "patient", "reported", "pain", "in", "the", "right", "ear", "for", "5", "days", "and", "his", "general", "practitioner", ",", "observing", "some", "erythema", "in", "the", "external", "auditory", "canal", ",", "had", "prescribed", "ciprofloxacin", "drops", "for", "possible", "otitis", "externa", ".", "He", "also", "explained", "that", "he", "had", "been", "going", "through", "a", "period", "of", "stress", "for", "several", "months", "due", "to", "problems", "at", "work", ".", "Physical", "examination", "The", "patient", "was", "conscious", ",", "oriented", ",", "normal", "colour", "and", "normohydrated", ".", "There", "was", "a", "disseminated", "cutaneous", "eruption", "consisting", "of", "multiple", "erythematous", "papules", ",", "some", "of", "which", "were", "vesicular", "and", "others", "crusted", ",", "which", "he", "related", "to", "the", "application", "of", "ear", "drops", ".", "They", "were", "distributed", "on", "both", "the", "trunk", "and", "the", "extremities", ".", "There", "was", "no", "involvement", "of", "the", "mucous", "membranes", ",", "palms", "or", "soles", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "a", "large", "necrotic", "plaque", "with", "smaller", "satellite", "lesions", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "right", "temporal", "region", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "physical", "examination", "was", "normal", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "Blood", "tests", "showed", "megaloblastic", "anaemia", "(", "haemoglobin", "9", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dl", "and", "mean", "corpuscular", "volume", "124", "fl", ")", ",", "coagulation", ",", "renal", ",", "hepatic", "and", "electrolyte", "function", "in", "the", "normal", "range", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "a", "chest", "X-ray", "showed", "a", "bilateral", "interstitial", "pattern", "suggestive", "of", "pneumonia", ".", "Diagnosis", "Clinical", "manifestations", "were", "compatible", "with", "disseminated", "right", "temporal", "herpes", "zoster", "in", "a", "patient", "immunosuppressed", "by", "chronic", "azathioprine", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "secondary", "varicella", "pneumonia", "and", "azathioprine", "megaloblastic", "anaemia", "were", "diagnosed", ".", "Treatment", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "(", "in", "isolation", ")", "and", "started", "treatment", "with", "intravenous", "acyclovir", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "10", "mg", "/", "kg", "every", "8", "hours", ",", "analgesia", "with", "paracetamol", ",", "nolotil", "and", "pregabalin", ",", "as", "well", "as", "zinc", "sulphate", "fomentation", "for", "10", "minutes", "twice", "a", "day", "and", "topical", "fusidic", "acid", "on", "the", "necrotic", "lesions", "of", "the", "scalp", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "hospital", "for", "a", "week", "with", "good", "evolution", "and", "completing", "the", "antiviral", "treatment", ".", "At", "discharge", "the", "lesions", "were", "in", "the", "crusting", "phase", "and", "the", "neuropathic", "pain", "was", "controlled", "with", "the", "prescribed", "analgesia", ".", "The", "control", "chest", "X-ray", "showed", "no", "abnormalities", ",", "and", "the", "pneumonia", "had", "resolved", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "outpatient", "neurology", "department", "for", "monitoring", "of", "his", "underlying", "disease", "." ]
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en
Personal history 45-year-old woman from Lithuania, working as a strawberry farmer in Spain for five months. She smoked ten cigarettes a day. Initially diagnosed with tuberculosis in Lithuania, undergoing treatment for four years. In 2001 she underwent a left lower lobectomy. Initially, we had no reports or other sources to verify and expand the information. However, we subsequently obtained additional information on her history: she was initially diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1995, and started treatment with five drugs (rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and streptomycin), which she maintained for four years due to poor evolution. In 1999 the antibiotic regimen was changed to ofloxacin, cycloserine and amikacin. In 2001, a left lower lobectomy was performed, and after the operation, ofloxacin and cycloserine were continued for another year. There was no other history of interest. Present illness Since December 2004, he presented cough with mucopurulent expectoration and febrile syndrome, predominantly in the evening, accompanied by profuse sweating and unquantified weight loss. She underwent a course of antibiotic treatment without improvement. She subsequently attended the Emergency Department of the Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez in February 2005, referred from her health centre. Physical examination The patient was conscious, oriented and cooperative, in good general condition, well hydrated and perfused. Eupneic at rest. Weight was 49.5 kg. Arterial oxygen saturation was 99% (FiO2 0.21), blood pressure 127/74 mmHg and temperature 40.5oC. There were no palpable adenopathies. On auscultation, the cardiac tones were rhythmic with no murmurs, and the vesicular murmur was preserved in the right hemithorax and decreased in the left base with a tubal murmur in the left upper third and crackles in the middle and upper third. The abdomen was soft, depressible, without masses or megaliths, and in the lower limbs there were no signs of deep vein thrombosis. Peripheral pulses were full and symmetrical and the neurological examination was normal. Complementary examinations The red blood count was normal, leukocytes 15,900/μL (86% neutrophils, 6.8% lymphocytes), and platelets 775,000/μL. Biochemistry showed: glycaemia 132 mg/dL, creatinine 0.61 mg/dL, urea 11 mg/dL, total proteins 5.8 g/dL and ESR 113 mm/h. The rest showed no significant alterations. HIV serology was negative. Chest X-ray showed an image of increased density in the left hemithorax with areas of basal aeration and left apex, with marked ipsilateral volume loss. There was traction of mediastinal structures towards the left hemifield and suture in the left lower lobe stump. Fibrobronchoscopy showed inflammatory signs in the left upper lobe with oedematous mucosa and stenosis of the segmental bronchi with purulent material inside. The bronchial suture stump in the left lower lobe bronchus formed a kind of cul-de-sac and a rounded formation suggestive of granuloma was observed. Diagnostic test Bronchoaspirate and sputum smear microscopy: abundant acid-fast bacilli were observed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in mycobacterial culture. Clinical judgement Active pulmonary tuberculosis (recurrence). Evolution The patient was initially treated with ceftriaxone 2 g/d and clarithromycin 500 mg/12h. After a positive smear microscopy, treatment was started with isoniazid 250 mg/d, rifampicin 600 mg/d, pyrazanamide 1,500 mg/d and ethambutol 1,200 mg/d, with fever persisting after two weeks of treatment. At this point he was transferred to our chronic admission hospital to continue treatment. During his stay at this centre, the febrile fever and haemoptotic sputum persisted. Shortly afterwards, the mycobacterial culture report was received, which isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampicin, isoniazid and possibly pyrazinamide, so she was transferred to Hospital La Fuenfría in Madrid for treatment compliance in respiratory isolation. Once there, the sensitivity study was repeated, detecting resistance to all first-line drugs except pyrazinamide and sensitivity to all second-line drugs tested, initiating treatment with levofloxacin 500 mg/day, cycloserine 250 mg/8 hours and amikacin 1 vial of 500 mg/48 hours. After four weeks of treatment, weight gain, disappearance of fever and negative smear tests were observed, and the patient was discharged for a check-up.
[ "Personal", "history", "45-year-old", "woman", "from", "Lithuania", ",", "working", "as", "a", "strawberry", "farmer", "in", "Spain", "for", "five", "months", ".", "She", "smoked", "ten", "cigarettes", "a", "day", ".", "Initially", "diagnosed", "with", "tuberculosis", "in", "Lithuania", ",", "undergoing", "treatment", "for", "four", "years", ".", "In", "2001", "she", "underwent", "a", "left", "lower", "lobectomy", ".", "Initially", ",", "we", "had", "no", "reports", "or", "other", "sources", "to", "verify", "and", "expand", "the", "information", ".", "However", ",", "we", "subsequently", "obtained", "additional", "information", "on", "her", "history", ":", "she", "was", "initially", "diagnosed", "with", "tuberculosis", "in", "1995", ",", "and", "started", "treatment", "with", "five", "drugs", "(", "rifampicin", ",", "ethambutol", ",", "isoniazid", ",", "pyrazinamide", "and", "streptomycin", ")", ",", "which", "she", "maintained", "for", "four", "years", "due", "to", "poor", "evolution", ".", "In", "1999", "the", "antibiotic", "regimen", "was", "changed", "to", "ofloxacin", ",", "cycloserine", "and", "amikacin", ".", "In", "2001", ",", "a", "left", "lower", "lobectomy", "was", "performed", ",", "and", "after", "the", "operation", ",", "ofloxacin", "and", "cycloserine", "were", "continued", "for", "another", "year", ".", "There", "was", "no", "other", "history", "of", "interest", ".", "Present", "illness", "Since", "December", "2004", ",", "he", "presented", "cough", "with", "mucopurulent", "expectoration", "and", "febrile", "syndrome", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "evening", ",", "accompanied", "by", "profuse", "sweating", "and", "unquantified", "weight", "loss", ".", "She", "underwent", "a", "course", "of", "antibiotic", "treatment", "without", "improvement", ".", "She", "subsequently", "attended", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "of", "the", "Hospital", "Juan", "Ramón", "Jiménez", "in", "February", "2005", ",", "referred", "from", "her", "health", "centre", ".", "Physical", "examination", "The", "patient", "was", "conscious", ",", "oriented", "and", "cooperative", ",", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "well", "hydrated", "and", "perfused", ".", "Eupneic", "at", "rest", ".", "Weight", "was", "49", ".", "5", "kg", ".", "Arterial", "oxygen", "saturation", "was", "99", "%", "(", "FiO2", "0", ".", "21", ")", ",", "blood", "pressure", "127", "/", "74", "mmHg", "and", "temperature", "40", ".", "5oC", ".", "There", "were", "no", "palpable", "adenopathies", ".", "On", "auscultation", ",", "the", "cardiac", "tones", "were", "rhythmic", "with", "no", "murmurs", ",", "and", "the", "vesicular", "murmur", "was", "preserved", "in", "the", "right", "hemithorax", "and", "decreased", "in", "the", "left", "base", "with", "a", "tubal", "murmur", "in", "the", "left", "upper", "third", "and", "crackles", "in", "the", "middle", "and", "upper", "third", ".", "The", "abdomen", "was", "soft", ",", "depressible", ",", "without", "masses", "or", "megaliths", ",", "and", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", "there", "were", "no", "signs", "of", "deep", "vein", "thrombosis", ".", "Peripheral", "pulses", "were", "full", "and", "symmetrical", "and", "the", "neurological", "examination", "was", "normal", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "The", "red", "blood", "count", "was", "normal", ",", "leukocytes", "15", ",", "900", "/", "μL", "(", "86", "%", "neutrophils", ",", "6", ".", "8", "%", "lymphocytes", ")", ",", "and", "platelets", "775", ",", "000", "/", "μL", ".", "Biochemistry", "showed", ":", "glycaemia", "132", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "creatinine", "0", ".", "61", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "urea", "11", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "total", "proteins", "5", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dL", "and", "ESR", "113", "mm", "/", "h", ".", "The", "rest", "showed", "no", "significant", "alterations", ".", "HIV", "serology", "was", "negative", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "an", "image", "of", "increased", "density", "in", "the", "left", "hemithorax", "with", "areas", "of", "basal", "aeration", "and", "left", "apex", ",", "with", "marked", "ipsilateral", "volume", "loss", ".", "There", "was", "traction", "of", "mediastinal", "structures", "towards", "the", "left", "hemifield", "and", "suture", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", "stump", ".", "Fibrobronchoscopy", "showed", "inflammatory", "signs", "in", "the", "left", "upper", "lobe", "with", "oedematous", "mucosa", "and", "stenosis", "of", "the", "segmental", "bronchi", "with", "purulent", "material", "inside", ".", "The", "bronchial", "suture", "stump", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", "bronchus", "formed", "a", "kind", "of", "cul-de-sac", "and", "a", "rounded", "formation", "suggestive", "of", "granuloma", "was", "observed", ".", "Diagnostic", "test", "Bronchoaspirate", "and", "sputum", "smear", "microscopy", ":", "abundant", "acid-fast", "bacilli", "were", "observed", ".", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "was", "isolated", "in", "mycobacterial", "culture", ".", "Clinical", "judgement", "Active", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", "(", "recurrence", ")", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "was", "initially", "treated", "with", "ceftriaxone", "2", "g", "/", "d", "and", "clarithromycin", "500", "mg", "/", "12h", ".", "After", "a", "positive", "smear", "microscopy", ",", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "isoniazid", "250", "mg", "/", "d", ",", "rifampicin", "600", "mg", "/", "d", ",", "pyrazanamide", "1", ",", "500", "mg", "/", "d", "and", "ethambutol", "1", ",", "200", "mg", "/", "d", ",", "with", "fever", "persisting", "after", "two", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ".", "At", "this", "point", "he", "was", "transferred", "to", "our", "chronic", "admission", "hospital", "to", "continue", "treatment", ".", "During", "his", "stay", "at", "this", "centre", ",", "the", "febrile", "fever", "and", "haemoptotic", "sputum", "persisted", ".", "Shortly", "afterwards", ",", "the", "mycobacterial", "culture", "report", "was", "received", ",", "which", "isolated", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "resistant", "to", "streptomycin", ",", "ethambutol", ",", "rifampicin", ",", "isoniazid", "and", "possibly", "pyrazinamide", ",", "so", "she", "was", "transferred", "to", "Hospital", "La", "Fuenfría", "in", "Madrid", "for", "treatment", "compliance", "in", "respiratory", "isolation", ".", "Once", "there", ",", "the", "sensitivity", "study", "was", "repeated", ",", "detecting", "resistance", "to", "all", "first-line", "drugs", "except", "pyrazinamide", "and", "sensitivity", "to", "all", "second-line", "drugs", "tested", ",", "initiating", "treatment", "with", "levofloxacin", "500", "mg", "/", "day", ",", "cycloserine", "250", "mg", "/", "8", "hours", "and", "amikacin", "1", "vial", "of", "500", "mg", "/", "48", "hours", ".", "After", "four", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ",", "weight", "gain", ",", "disappearance", "of", "fever", "and", "negative", "smear", "tests", "were", "observed", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "for", "a", "check-up", "." ]
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en
On 1 January 2020, a 42-year-old man was admitted to Union Hospital (Tongji Medical School, Wuhan, Hubei Province) with hyperthermia (39.6°C), cough and fatigue of one week's duration. On auscultation, bilateral breath sounds with moist rales were heard at the bases of both lungs. Laboratory tests showed leukocytopenia (leukocyte count: 2.88 3 109/L) and lymphocytosis (lymphocyte count: 0.90 3 109/L). The leukocyte count showed 56.6% neutrophils, 32.1% lymphocytes and 10.2% monocytes. Several additional analytical tests gave abnormal results, such as C-reactive protein (158.95 mg/L; normal range: 0-10 mg/L), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (38 mm/h; normal value: 20 mm/h), serum amyloid A protein (607.1 mg/L; normal value: 10 mg/L), aspartate aminotransferase (53 U/L; normal range: 8-40 U/L) and alanine aminotransferase (60 U/L; normal range: 5-40 U/L). Real-time fluorescence PCR of the patient's sputum was positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. The patient was treated with antivirals (ganciclovir, oseltamivir) and anti-inflammatory drugs (meropenem, linezolid), with symptomatic treatment, from 1 January 2020 until his discharge on 25 January 2020. The consecutive imaging tests shown in the figure illustrate the patient's improvement after therapy.
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en
A 43-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with fever and general malaise of three weeks' duration. The patient had no family or personal medical or surgical history of interest and only reported taking occasional omeprazole and regular analgesics. He had been an active smoker of 1 pack/day since the age of 12 and a regular beer drinker and occasional gin drinker. Lived with his mother in a rural area of the province of Granada, single and childless. He was engaged in agricultural and livestock tasks so he had daily contact with animals (goats, dogs and chickens), had no recent international travel or risky sexual contact in the last 12 months. The fever was daily, up to 40oC, of about 3 weeks' duration, predominantly in the evening, with bacteremic features, accompanied by chills, profuse sweating and even nocturnal delirium. He was also associated with severe asthenia, progressive generalised weakness and unweighted weight loss for a year, which had become more pronounced in the last four months. In the anamnesis by organs and apparatus, he only described discrete pharyngeal pain and unspecific abdominal discomfort, with a feeling of abdominal distension, as well as a dry cough without expectoration or dyspnoea of long evolution, which he related to smoking. Physical examination on arrival showed haemodynamic stability with a tendency to hypotension (temperature 36.4o C, BP 108/62 mmHg, HR 66 bpm, RR 16 rpm and SpO2 98% baseline) and good general condition with mild facial flushing. Normohydrated and normoperfused. Conscious and oriented, with neurological examination compatible with normality. Oropharynx was slightly erythematous with no exudate and no palpable laterocervical, preauricular, supraclavicular, axillary or inguinal lymphadenopathy. Cardiorespiratory auscultation was normal. Hepato-splenomegaly was palpable in the abdomen, but not painful. There was no oedema, signs of DVT, skin lesions or bite marks on the extremities. Initial complementary tests showed pancytopenia with leukocytes 3280 x 10e3/mcl, neutrophils 36.1% (absolute 1180 x 10e3/mcl), lymphocytes 55.5% (absolute 1820 x 10e3/mcl), haemoglobin 11.6 g/dL with MCV 87 fL and 77000 platelets/mcl. Biochemistry showed mild elevation of LDH (585 IU/L), liver enzymes (GOT 67 U/L, GPT 143 U/L) with dissociated cholestasis (GGT 319 U/L, FA 207 U/L and normal total bilirubin) and CRP 114 mg/L. Renal function and ions were within normal limits. An anaemia study was performed and found an iron level of 27 mcg/dl with a ferritin of 3581 ng/ml, transferrin 175 mg/dl, IST 12.4%, reticulocytes 2.24% and a peripheral blood smear compatible with normality. Finally, in basic coagulation, prothrombin activity was 71% and INR 1.25. An ECG, chest X-ray in posteroanterior and lateral projections, as well as a simple decubitus abdominal X-ray were performed, both of which were normal. The abdominal ultrasound showed moderate hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with heterogeneous echogenicity. With the diagnoses of fever of intermediate duration, pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly, he was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department. Differential diagnosis The differential diagnosis of a patient with fever, pancytopenia and splenomegaly is not uncommon in an Infectious Diseases Department. Generally speaking, there are three possible origins: infectious, tumoural and autoimmune causes, although we cannot forget other miscellaneous causes. Among the infectious aetiologies, there are many micro-organisms that can cause this condition: a) viruses: HIV infection, herpes virus (HSV, EBV, CMV, VH6) and Parvovirus B19 mainly should be ruled out; b) considering a bacterial cause, it is necessary to rule out mycobacterial disease (tuberculous and atypical), in its disseminated form, or the possibility of infection by intracellular bacteria (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia...), in addition, sepsis due to pyogenic bacteria may also begin with fever and cytopenias; c) in terms of parasites, it will be necessary to rule out infection by malaria, Toxoplasma or Leishmania. In the group of onco-haematological diseases, the possibility of a solid organ tumour with bone marrow infiltration must be taken into account. With regard to haematological diseases, there is a wide range of possibilities in a patient with fever, cytopenias and splenomegaly. Lymphoproliferative disease (mainly splenic lymphoma and tricholeukaemia), myelofibrosis or myelodysplastic syndrome must be ruled out. Although less likely, we should also consider ruling out autoimmune diseases or connective tissue diseases, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis and much less frequently rheumatoid arthritis such as Felty's syndrome. Within the miscellaneous group, the clinical picture could correspond to a haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome. Although less likely, histiocytosis or paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria could also be ruled out. With this wide range of possibilities, we must fit together the data offered by the patient to reach a definitive diagnosis. This is a gradual process in which specific complementary tests are often necessary. Evolution During admission, serologies were requested for hepatotropic virus, HIV, Parvovirus B19, HSV, HSV6, HIV, lupus and Brucella which were negative, serologies for CMV and EBV with positive IgG and negative IgM, and urinary antigen for Leishmania spp which was also negative. As part of the study, a thoracic-abdominal CT scan was also requested, showing only moderate hepato-splenomegaly with no evidence of pleuro-pulmonary or mediastinal alterations, hepatic LOES or adenopathies. In view of these results, a bone marrow puncture-aspiration was performed, which was non-specific, where no haemophagocytosis phenomena, parasites, dysplasia, myelofibrosis or pathological cellular infiltrate were observed. During his admission to the ward, the patient remained haemodynamically stable at all times, but with a daily high fever of up to 40oC that was difficult to control, with the general condition being slightly affected when he remained apyretic. Multiple blood cultures were obtained during admission and all were negative. Due to the fever with elevated liver enzymes and cytopenias, it was decided to start empirical treatment with doxycycline, which was withdrawn after a week as no improvement was observed. Given the absence of diagnosis and the fact that the patient continued with daily fever, it was decided jointly by the Infectious Diseases, Haematology and General Surgery Departments to perform a splenectomy on suspicion of splenic lymphoproliferative syndrome. After the intervention, the patient began to improve, with a decrease in fever, improvement in general condition and recovery of the cytopenias. The pathological anatomy report of the spleen described abundant haemophagocytosis phenomena. After learning of this, a PCR test for Leishmania in the spleen was requested and was positive. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B at the usual doses (3 cycles of 5 mg/kg/day separated by 5 days) with very good clinical evolution, total recovery and no recurrence after 2 years of follow-up. Final diagnosis Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to leishmaniasis.
[ "A", "43-year-old", "patient", "presented", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "fever", "and", "general", "malaise", "of", "three", "weeks", "'", "duration", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "no", "family", "or", "personal", "medical", "or", "surgical", "history", "of", "interest", "and", "only", "reported", "taking", "occasional", "omeprazole", "and", "regular", "analgesics", ".", "He", "had", "been", "an", "active", "smoker", "of", "1", "pack", "/", "day", "since", "the", "age", "of", "12", "and", "a", "regular", "beer", "drinker", "and", "occasional", "gin", "drinker", ".", "Lived", "with", "his", "mother", "in", "a", "rural", "area", "of", "the", "province", "of", "Granada", ",", "single", "and", "childless", ".", "He", "was", "engaged", "in", "agricultural", "and", "livestock", "tasks", "so", "he", "had", "daily", "contact", "with", "animals", "(", "goats", ",", "dogs", "and", "chickens", ")", ",", "had", "no", "recent", "international", "travel", "or", "risky", "sexual", "contact", "in", "the", "last", "12", "months", ".", "The", "fever", "was", "daily", ",", "up", "to", "40oC", ",", "of", "about", "3", "weeks", "'", "duration", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "evening", ",", "with", "bacteremic", "features", ",", "accompanied", "by", "chills", ",", "profuse", "sweating", "and", "even", "nocturnal", "delirium", ".", "He", "was", "also", "associated", "with", "severe", "asthenia", ",", "progressive", "generalised", "weakness", "and", "unweighted", "weight", "loss", "for", "a", "year", ",", "which", "had", "become", "more", "pronounced", "in", "the", "last", "four", "months", ".", "In", "the", "anamnesis", "by", "organs", "and", "apparatus", ",", "he", "only", "described", "discrete", "pharyngeal", "pain", "and", "unspecific", "abdominal", "discomfort", ",", "with", "a", "feeling", "of", "abdominal", "distension", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "dry", "cough", "without", "expectoration", "or", "dyspnoea", "of", "long", "evolution", ",", "which", "he", "related", "to", "smoking", ".", "Physical", "examination", "on", "arrival", "showed", "haemodynamic", "stability", "with", "a", "tendency", "to", "hypotension", "(", "temperature", "36", ".", "4o", "C", ",", "BP", "108", "/", "62", "mmHg", ",", "HR", "66", "bpm", ",", "RR", "16", "rpm", "and", "SpO2", "98", "%", "baseline", ")", "and", "good", "general", "condition", "with", "mild", "facial", "flushing", ".", "Normohydrated", "and", "normoperfused", ".", "Conscious", "and", "oriented", ",", "with", "neurological", "examination", "compatible", "with", "normality", ".", "Oropharynx", "was", "slightly", "erythematous", "with", "no", "exudate", "and", "no", "palpable", "laterocervical", ",", "preauricular", ",", "supraclavicular", ",", "axillary", "or", "inguinal", "lymphadenopathy", ".", "Cardiorespiratory", "auscultation", "was", "normal", ".", "Hepato-splenomegaly", "was", "palpable", "in", "the", "abdomen", ",", "but", "not", "painful", ".", "There", "was", "no", "oedema", ",", "signs", "of", "DVT", ",", "skin", "lesions", "or", "bite", "marks", "on", "the", "extremities", ".", "Initial", "complementary", "tests", "showed", "pancytopenia", "with", "leukocytes", "3280", "x", "10e3", "/", "mcl", ",", "neutrophils", "36", ".", "1", "%", "(", "absolute", "1180", "x", "10e3", "/", "mcl", ")", ",", "lymphocytes", "55", ".", "5", "%", "(", "absolute", "1820", "x", "10e3", "/", "mcl", ")", ",", "haemoglobin", "11", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dL", "with", "MCV", "87", "fL", "and", "77000", "platelets", "/", "mcl", ".", "Biochemistry", "showed", "mild", "elevation", "of", "LDH", "(", "585", "IU", "/", "L", ")", ",", "liver", "enzymes", "(", "GOT", "67", "U", "/", "L", ",", "GPT", "143", "U", "/", "L", ")", "with", "dissociated", "cholestasis", "(", "GGT", "319", "U", "/", "L", ",", "FA", "207", "U", "/", "L", "and", "normal", "total", "bilirubin", ")", "and", "CRP", "114", "mg", "/", "L", ".", "Renal", "function", "and", "ions", "were", "within", "normal", "limits", ".", "An", "anaemia", "study", "was", "performed", "and", "found", "an", "iron", "level", "of", "27", "mcg", "/", "dl", "with", "a", "ferritin", "of", "3581", "ng", "/", "ml", ",", "transferrin", "175", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "IST", "12", ".", "4", "%", ",", "reticulocytes", "2", ".", "24", "%", "and", "a", "peripheral", "blood", "smear", "compatible", "with", "normality", ".", "Finally", ",", "in", "basic", "coagulation", ",", "prothrombin", "activity", "was", "71", "%", "and", "INR", "1", ".", "25", ".", "An", "ECG", ",", "chest", "X-ray", "in", "posteroanterior", "and", "lateral", "projections", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "simple", "decubitus", "abdominal", "X-ray", "were", "performed", ",", "both", "of", "which", "were", "normal", ".", "The", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "showed", "moderate", "hepatomegaly", "and", "splenomegaly", "with", "heterogeneous", "echogenicity", ".", "With", "the", "diagnoses", "of", "fever", "of", "intermediate", "duration", ",", "pancytopenia", "and", "hepatosplenomegaly", ",", "he", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Department", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "The", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "a", "patient", "with", "fever", ",", "pancytopenia", "and", "splenomegaly", "is", "not", "uncommon", "in", "an", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Department", ".", "Generally", "speaking", ",", "there", "are", "three", "possible", "origins", ":", "infectious", ",", "tumoural", "and", "autoimmune", "causes", ",", "although", "we", "cannot", "forget", "other", "miscellaneous", "causes", ".", "Among", "the", "infectious", "aetiologies", ",", "there", "are", "many", "micro-organisms", "that", "can", "cause", "this", "condition", ":", "a", ")", "viruses", ":", "HIV", "infection", ",", "herpes", "virus", "(", "HSV", ",", "EBV", ",", "CMV", ",", "VH6", ")", "and", "Parvovirus", "B19", "mainly", "should", "be", "ruled", "out", ";", "b", ")", "considering", "a", "bacterial", "cause", ",", "it", "is", "necessary", "to", "rule", "out", "mycobacterial", "disease", "(", "tuberculous", "and", "atypical", ")", ",", "in", "its", "disseminated", "form", ",", "or", "the", "possibility", "of", "infection", "by", "intracellular", "bacteria", "(", "Anaplasma", ",", "Ehrlichia", ".", ".", ".", ")", ",", "in", "addition", ",", "sepsis", "due", "to", "pyogenic", "bacteria", "may", "also", "begin", "with", "fever", "and", "cytopenias", ";", "c", ")", "in", "terms", "of", "parasites", ",", "it", "will", "be", "necessary", "to", "rule", "out", "infection", "by", "malaria", ",", "Toxoplasma", "or", "Leishmania", ".", "In", "the", "group", "of", "onco-haematological", "diseases", ",", "the", "possibility", "of", "a", "solid", "organ", "tumour", "with", "bone", "marrow", "infiltration", "must", "be", "taken", "into", "account", ".", "With", "regard", "to", "haematological", "diseases", ",", "there", "is", "a", "wide", "range", "of", "possibilities", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "fever", ",", "cytopenias", "and", "splenomegaly", ".", "Lymphoproliferative", "disease", "(", "mainly", "splenic", "lymphoma", "and", "tricholeukaemia", ")", ",", "myelofibrosis", "or", "myelodysplastic", "syndrome", "must", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "Although", "less", "likely", ",", "we", "should", "also", "consider", "ruling", "out", "autoimmune", "diseases", "or", "connective", "tissue", "diseases", ",", "mainly", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", ",", "sarcoidosis", "and", "much", "less", "frequently", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "such", "as", "Felty", "'", "s", "syndrome", ".", "Within", "the", "miscellaneous", "group", ",", "the", "clinical", "picture", "could", "correspond", "to", "a", "haemophagocytic", "lymphohistiocytosis", "syndrome", ".", "Although", "less", "likely", ",", "histiocytosis", "or", "paroxysmal", "nocturnal", "haemoglobinuria", "could", "also", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "With", "this", "wide", "range", "of", "possibilities", ",", "we", "must", "fit", "together", "the", "data", "offered", "by", "the", "patient", "to", "reach", "a", "definitive", "diagnosis", ".", "This", "is", "a", "gradual", "process", "in", "which", "specific", "complementary", "tests", "are", "often", "necessary", ".", "Evolution", "During", "admission", ",", "serologies", "were", "requested", "for", "hepatotropic", "virus", ",", "HIV", ",", "Parvovirus", "B19", ",", "HSV", ",", "HSV6", ",", "HIV", ",", "lupus", "and", "Brucella", "which", "were", "negative", ",", "serologies", "for", "CMV", "and", "EBV", "with", "positive", "IgG", "and", "negative", "IgM", ",", "and", "urinary", "antigen", "for", "Leishmania", "spp", "which", "was", "also", "negative", ".", "As", "part", "of", "the", "study", ",", "a", "thoracic-abdominal", "CT", "scan", "was", "also", "requested", ",", "showing", "only", "moderate", "hepato-splenomegaly", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "pleuro-pulmonary", "or", "mediastinal", "alterations", ",", "hepatic", "LOES", "or", "adenopathies", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "results", ",", "a", "bone", "marrow", "puncture-aspiration", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "was", "non-specific", ",", "where", "no", "haemophagocytosis", "phenomena", ",", "parasites", ",", "dysplasia", ",", "myelofibrosis", "or", "pathological", "cellular", "infiltrate", "were", "observed", ".", "During", "his", "admission", "to", "the", "ward", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "haemodynamically", "stable", "at", "all", "times", ",", "but", "with", "a", "daily", "high", "fever", "of", "up", "to", "40oC", "that", "was", "difficult", "to", "control", ",", "with", "the", "general", "condition", "being", "slightly", "affected", "when", "he", "remained", "apyretic", ".", "Multiple", "blood", "cultures", "were", "obtained", "during", "admission", "and", "all", "were", "negative", ".", "Due", "to", "the", "fever", "with", "elevated", "liver", "enzymes", "and", "cytopenias", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "start", "empirical", "treatment", "with", "doxycycline", ",", "which", "was", "withdrawn", "after", "a", "week", "as", "no", "improvement", "was", "observed", ".", "Given", "the", "absence", "of", "diagnosis", "and", "the", "fact", "that", "the", "patient", "continued", "with", "daily", "fever", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "jointly", "by", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", ",", "Haematology", "and", "General", "Surgery", "Departments", "to", "perform", "a", "splenectomy", "on", "suspicion", "of", "splenic", "lymphoproliferative", "syndrome", ".", "After", "the", "intervention", ",", "the", "patient", "began", "to", "improve", ",", "with", "a", "decrease", "in", "fever", ",", "improvement", "in", "general", "condition", "and", "recovery", "of", "the", "cytopenias", ".", "The", "pathological", "anatomy", "report", "of", "the", "spleen", "described", "abundant", "haemophagocytosis", "phenomena", ".", "After", "learning", "of", "this", ",", "a", "PCR", "test", "for", "Leishmania", "in", "the", "spleen", "was", "requested", "and", "was", "positive", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "treated", "with", "liposomal", "amphotericin", "B", "at", "the", "usual", "doses", "(", "3", "cycles", "of", "5", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "separated", "by", "5", "days", ")", "with", "very", "good", "clinical", "evolution", ",", "total", "recovery", "and", "no", "recurrence", "after", "2", "years", "of", "follow-up", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Haemophagocytic", "lymphohistiocytosis", "(", "HLH", ")", "secondary", "to", "leishmaniasis", "." ]
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en
On 23 January 2020, a 61-year-old woman presented with acute asthenia in both legs and severe fatigue, with a one-day evolution. She had returned from Wuhan on 19 January but reported no fever, cough, chest pain or diarrhoea. His temperature was 36.5°C, oxygen saturation was 99% on room air and respiratory rate was 16 bpm. Pulmonary auscultation revealed no abnormalities. Neurological examination showed symmetrical asthenia (Medical Research Council grade 4/5) and areflexia in both legs and feet. Three days after admission, his symptoms worsened. Muscle strength was grade 4/5 in both arms and hands and 3/5 in both legs and feet. Sensitivity to touch and pinprick decreased distally. Laboratory tests on admission were clinically significant for lymphocytopenia (0.52 × 109/L; normal range: 1.1-3.2 × 109/L) and thrombocytopenia (113 × 109/L; normal range: 125-300 × 109/L). CSF tests gave normal cell counts (5 x 106/L; normal range: 0-8 × 106/L) and high protein values (124 mg/dL; normal range: 8-43 mg/dL). Nerve conduction tests (day 5) revealed delayed distal latencies and absent early F waves, manifestations consistent with demyelinating neuropathy. Guillain-Barré syndrome was diagnosed and immunoglobulin was administered i.v. On day 8 (30 January), the patient presented with dry cough and fever of 38.2 °C. Chest CT showed ground-glass opacities in both lungs. Oropharyngeal swabs were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR test. The patient was immediately transferred to an infectious disease ward and given symptomatic treatment and the antiviral drugs arbidol, lopinavir and ritonavir. Her clinical condition gradually improved and her lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts normalised on day 20. She was discharged on day 30, with normal muscle strength and recovery of reflexes in both arms and legs. Her respiratory symptoms also subsided. Oropharyngeal swab tests for SARS-CoV-2 were negative.
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en
Medical history: chronic bronchitis, a single hospital admission two years before the current one for respiratory failure secondary to non-condensing respiratory infection due to influenza A (H1N1) pmd09, possible brucellosis in childhood. Surgical history: operated on a year ago for ischiorectal abscess without complications. He is not currently receiving any treatment. Three months before the current episode he had received ciprofloxacin prescribed by his primary care doctor, with no cause recorded in his medical history. Toxic habits: smoker of 1 pack of cigarettes a day, occasional hashish user and drinker of 2-3 litres of beer a day. He lives in a rural area; he has not recently travelled outside his town or gone out to the countryside. Currently unemployed. Pets at home: a dog. She came to the emergency department for general malaise and moderate asthenia accompanied by hyperthermia of 39-40oC of 3 days' evolution, nausea and a single vomit. He also began with holocranial headache and interscapular pain, followed by sweating and general malaise. In the anamnesis by apparatus, she reported no cough or expectoration, urinary symptoms or alterations in intestinal transit, no pruritus or choluria. In the last few months, there had been no weight loss. In the previous weeks, she had presented an open wound on the left ankle, which she could not relate to any circumstance; no dermal lesions have been visualised and she does not remember recent bites. She did not report any risky sexual relations. Physical examination showed blood pressure of 105/67. Afebrile, in good general condition, oriented and cooperative. Eupneic with no oxygen intake. Well perfused and normal colour. Asthenic constitution. Rhythmic heart tones at 103 bpm and no audible murmurs. Bladder murmur preserved, without other respiratory sounds. Abdomen soft, without organomegaly or peritonism. No notable dermal lesions and no palpable adenopathies in superficial ganglion chains. Neurological examination: no nuchal rigidity, negative Kernig's and Brudzinsky's signs, conscious (Glasgow 15/15), normal cranial nerves, strength and sensitivity, both algesic and arthrokinetic, skin-plant reflexes are bilaterally flexor. No dysmetria or diadochokinesias. Normal gait without lateralisation or increase in the base of support. He names, understands and repeats. Speech is fluent and the rest of the higher functions are normal. While being treated in the emergency department, he had a seizure of 30 seconds' duration with tonic-clonic movements and decerebrate posture. The seizure ceased with clonazepam and during the seizure there was no sphincter relaxation. After the seizure, she presented a post-critical episode with central cyanosis that gradually improved with support measures and oxygen therapy. A blood test was carried out in the emergency department, where the haemogram showed a platelet count of 40,000 with the rest of the series normal. Biochemistry showed elevated CRP 129.21 mg/l and procalcitonin 20 ng/ml. Renal function and ions were normal. Urinalysis showed low leukocytes and red blood cells, with negative nitrites. In the toxicity test, benzodiazepines and hashish were positive. In the imaging studies requested, no foci of consolidation, infiltrates or effusion were observed in the chest X-ray, and the abdominal X-ray was normal. The CT scan of the skull, requested due to the coma episode, showed an inflammatory appearance of the ethmoid and right maxillary sinuses, ruling out signs of established acute ischaemia and/or space-occupying lesions. A peripheral blood smear, requested urgently, showed neutrophils with increased granulation and a few cilia, as well as reactive lymphocytes. Following the results, a lumbar puncture was performed and samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were sent to the biochemistry and microbiology laboratories for culture of the usual microorganisms, mycobacteria, PCR for viruses and pneumococcal antigen. The CSF was cloudy with glucose 29.3 mg/dl, protein 130.8 mg/dl, 35 red blood cells/mm3, 1170 leukocytes/mm3 (66% mononuclear). At the same time, serology was performed to rule out HIV and zoonosis. Differential diagnosis A) In our case we are dealing with a patient who initially presented with non-specific clinical manifestations but with deterioration of general condition associated with headache and fever, later presenting with seizures. A lumbar puncture was performed due to a high suspicion of meningitis, obtaining CSF compatible with lymphocytic meningitis, and therefore the following etiological diagnoses are proposed. a) Infections * Bacterial meningitis 1- Listeria monocytogenes: causes meningoencephalitis in patients over 50 years of age, immunosuppressed due to corticosteroid/immunosuppressive treatment or the presence of comorbidities (liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure or active neoplasia). 2- Tuberculous meningitis: subacute-chronic onset with clinical manifestations of weakness, headache, low-grade fever and personality changes. This is followed by another phase with predominant neurological symptoms such as lethargy, confusion, involvement of cranial nerves. In the last phase, confusion leads to stupor, convulsions, hemiparesis, coma. 3- Decapitated bacterial meningitis: this clinical circumstance requires the use of antimicrobials prior to CSF analysis. The most frequent causes in our environment are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. 4- Neurosyphilis: Advanced stage of infection by Treponema pallidum and which clinically presents with headache, fever and stiff neck. If syphilitic gummas form, seizures are more likely to develop. * Viral meningoencephalitis: Clinically they may present with altered level of consciousness, fever, seizures and neurological focality. In our environment we should rule out the presence of: HSV 1 and 2, Enterovirus, varicella zoster virus (VZV) and West Nile virus. * Fungal meningitis: Opportunistic disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, which mainly affects immunocompromised patients and whose most frequent neurological manifestation is meningoencephalitis leading to the formation of cryptococcomas. b) Non-infectious: 1- Temporal arteritis: This is the most frequent vasculitis, affecting large and medium-sized vessels in patients aged over 60-70 years. The neurological symptoms, consisting of headache and sometimes seizures, are associated with persistent fever and constitutional syndrome. 2- Primary cerebral lymphoma: This is a rare variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The most frequently described symptoms are neurological deficits, personality alterations, headache with vomiting and seizures. 3- Other brain tumours: The most frequent brain tumour lesion is metastasis and among the primary tumours we find glioblastoma and meningioma. Clinically, they present with headache, convulsions, vomiting, syncope, behavioural alterations and neurological focality. 4- Pharmacological: Due to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cotrimoxazole, among others. 5- Sarcoidosis: Cause of aseptic meningitis due to granulomatous inflammation that follows a perivascular distribution affecting the CNS and may produce focal or generalised seizures depending on the area affected. B) Considering the circumstances surrounding our patient, we previously mentioned that he lives in a rural area and has a dog as a pet, so we would include the following zoonoses in the differential diagnosis: 1- Capnocytophaga spp: can present as fulminant sepsis or lymphocytic meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Domestic animals such as dogs and cats act as a reservoir. 2- Q fever: caused by Coxiella burnetii. Unusually, it may present with neurological symptoms; it is the most frequent zoonosis in our environment. 3- Lyme disease: caused by Borrelia burgdorferi which, characteristically, presents with erythema migrans after tick bite. It can cause lymphocytic meningitis with cerebellar and cranial nerve involvement (mainly facial nerve). Evolution In view of the clinical findings and the results of the complementary tests, pending completion of the microbiological studies, the patient was transferred to the Infectious Diseases ward. Given the characteristics of the CSF, the acute/subacute presentation of the symptoms and the occupation of the paranasal sinuses in the skull CT scan, empirical treatment was started with Ceftriaxone 2 g/12 hours and Ampicillin 2g/4 hours (listeriosis was initially suspected). Subsequently, Microbiology reported the presence of abundant mononuclear leukocytes in the gram stain, pending culture results for usual pathogenic microorganisms. During the following days, the patient improved clinically, relieving his headache with first-step analgesics and was afebrile from the first day of hospitalisation. There were no new episodes of coma. Analytically, the patient's inflammatory parameters improved with a decrease in CRP, which at discharge was 3.52 mg/l, although he persisted with leukocytosis, which was attributed to corticoid treatment. Complementary tests were completed and it was observed that PCR for TB and viruses (enterovirus, HSV 1, 2 and VZV) and pneumococcal antigen in CSF were negative. Serologies for Q fever (Ig M C. burnetti), Leptospira spp. and Bartonella spp. were negative. Blood cultures drawn in the ED were also negative. CSF samples stained on chocolate agar and blood agar were negative at 72 hours. Samples incubated in liquid medium (thioglycollate and BHI broths) at five days showed growth of Capnocytophaga canimorsus without being able to recover viable microorganisms for antibiogram. Based on what was described in the literature and the clinical-analytical improvement, sequential treatment was continued with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 875/125 mg every 8 hours orally. Other complementary tests were requested, notably an EEG, which showed excessive emotional tension without paroxysmal activity or other anomalies; and a brain MRI, which showed slight atrophy of the cerebellar vermis. MRI of the patient's brain: slight atrophy of the cerebellar vermis. After eleven days of hospitalisation, the patient was discharged as he was asymptomatic, continuing with the established treatment for 14 days. He was reviewed in the Outpatient Infectious Diseases Department eleven days later, the patient remained asymptomatic and was discharged definitively. No new hospital admissions or emergency room visits have been recorded since the referral. Given that the patient had a history of open wounds, and there is a history of contact with dogs, this could well have been the entry point for the microorganism, and he also had excessive alcohol consumption as an added risk factor for infection by Capnocytophaga canimorsus. Final diagnosis Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis in a patient with active alcoholism.
[ "Medical", "history", ":", "chronic", "bronchitis", ",", "a", "single", "hospital", "admission", "two", "years", "before", "the", "current", "one", "for", "respiratory", "failure", "secondary", "to", "non-condensing", "respiratory", "infection", "due", "to", "influenza", "A", "(", "H1N1", ")", "pmd09", ",", "possible", "brucellosis", "in", "childhood", ".", "Surgical", "history", ":", "operated", "on", "a", "year", "ago", "for", "ischiorectal", "abscess", "without", "complications", ".", "He", "is", "not", "currently", "receiving", "any", "treatment", ".", "Three", "months", "before", "the", "current", "episode", "he", "had", "received", "ciprofloxacin", "prescribed", "by", "his", "primary", "care", "doctor", ",", "with", "no", "cause", "recorded", "in", "his", "medical", "history", ".", "Toxic", "habits", ":", "smoker", "of", "1", "pack", "of", "cigarettes", "a", "day", ",", "occasional", "hashish", "user", "and", "drinker", "of", "2-3", "litres", "of", "beer", "a", "day", ".", "He", "lives", "in", "a", "rural", "area", ";", "he", "has", "not", "recently", "travelled", "outside", "his", "town", "or", "gone", "out", "to", "the", "countryside", ".", "Currently", "unemployed", ".", "Pets", "at", "home", ":", "a", "dog", ".", "She", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "general", "malaise", "and", "moderate", "asthenia", "accompanied", "by", "hyperthermia", "of", "39-40oC", "of", "3", "days", "'", "evolution", ",", "nausea", "and", "a", "single", "vomit", ".", "He", "also", "began", "with", "holocranial", "headache", "and", "interscapular", "pain", ",", "followed", "by", "sweating", "and", "general", "malaise", ".", "In", "the", "anamnesis", "by", "apparatus", ",", "she", "reported", "no", "cough", "or", "expectoration", ",", "urinary", "symptoms", "or", "alterations", "in", "intestinal", "transit", ",", "no", "pruritus", "or", "choluria", ".", "In", "the", "last", "few", "months", ",", "there", "had", "been", "no", "weight", "loss", ".", "In", "the", "previous", "weeks", ",", "she", "had", "presented", "an", "open", "wound", "on", "the", "left", "ankle", ",", "which", "she", "could", "not", "relate", "to", "any", "circumstance", ";", "no", "dermal", "lesions", "have", "been", "visualised", "and", "she", "does", "not", "remember", "recent", "bites", ".", "She", "did", "not", "report", "any", "risky", "sexual", "relations", ".", "Physical", "examination", "showed", "blood", "pressure", "of", "105", "/", "67", ".", "Afebrile", ",", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "oriented", "and", "cooperative", ".", "Eupneic", "with", "no", "oxygen", "intake", ".", "Well", "perfused", "and", "normal", "colour", ".", "Asthenic", "constitution", ".", "Rhythmic", "heart", "tones", "at", "103", "bpm", "and", "no", "audible", "murmurs", ".", "Bladder", "murmur", "preserved", ",", "without", "other", "respiratory", "sounds", ".", "Abdomen", "soft", ",", "without", "organomegaly", "or", "peritonism", ".", "No", "notable", "dermal", "lesions", "and", "no", "palpable", "adenopathies", "in", "superficial", "ganglion", "chains", ".", "Neurological", "examination", ":", "no", "nuchal", "rigidity", ",", "negative", "Kernig", "'", "s", "and", "Brudzinsky", "'", "s", "signs", ",", "conscious", "(", "Glasgow", "15", "/", "15", ")", ",", "normal", "cranial", "nerves", ",", "strength", "and", "sensitivity", ",", "both", "algesic", "and", "arthrokinetic", ",", "skin-plant", "reflexes", "are", "bilaterally", "flexor", ".", "No", "dysmetria", "or", "diadochokinesias", ".", "Normal", "gait", "without", "lateralisation", "or", "increase", "in", "the", "base", "of", "support", ".", "He", "names", ",", "understands", "and", "repeats", ".", "Speech", "is", "fluent", "and", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "higher", "functions", "are", "normal", ".", "While", "being", "treated", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "he", "had", "a", "seizure", "of", "30", "seconds", "'", "duration", "with", "tonic-clonic", "movements", "and", "decerebrate", "posture", ".", "The", "seizure", "ceased", "with", "clonazepam", "and", "during", "the", "seizure", "there", "was", "no", "sphincter", "relaxation", ".", "After", "the", "seizure", ",", "she", "presented", "a", "post-critical", "episode", "with", "central", "cyanosis", "that", "gradually", "improved", "with", "support", "measures", "and", "oxygen", "therapy", ".", "A", "blood", "test", "was", "carried", "out", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "where", "the", "haemogram", "showed", "a", "platelet", "count", "of", "40", ",", "000", "with", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "series", "normal", ".", "Biochemistry", "showed", "elevated", "CRP", "129", ".", "21", "mg", "/", "l", "and", "procalcitonin", "20", "ng", "/", "ml", ".", "Renal", "function", "and", "ions", "were", "normal", ".", "Urinalysis", "showed", "low", "leukocytes", "and", "red", "blood", "cells", ",", "with", "negative", "nitrites", ".", "In", "the", "toxicity", "test", ",", "benzodiazepines", "and", "hashish", "were", "positive", ".", "In", "the", "imaging", "studies", "requested", ",", "no", "foci", "of", "consolidation", ",", "infiltrates", "or", "effusion", "were", "observed", "in", "the", "chest", "X-ray", ",", "and", "the", "abdominal", "X-ray", "was", "normal", ".", "The", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "skull", ",", "requested", "due", "to", "the", "coma", "episode", ",", "showed", "an", "inflammatory", "appearance", "of", "the", "ethmoid", "and", "right", "maxillary", "sinuses", ",", "ruling", "out", "signs", "of", "established", "acute", "ischaemia", "and", "/", "or", "space-occupying", "lesions", ".", "A", "peripheral", "blood", "smear", ",", "requested", "urgently", ",", "showed", "neutrophils", "with", "increased", "granulation", "and", "a", "few", "cilia", ",", "as", "well", "as", "reactive", "lymphocytes", ".", "Following", "the", "results", ",", "a", "lumbar", "puncture", "was", "performed", "and", "samples", "of", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "were", "sent", "to", "the", "biochemistry", "and", "microbiology", "laboratories", "for", "culture", "of", "the", "usual", "microorganisms", ",", "mycobacteria", ",", "PCR", "for", "viruses", "and", "pneumococcal", "antigen", ".", "The", "CSF", "was", "cloudy", "with", "glucose", "29", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "protein", "130", ".", "8", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "35", "red", "blood", "cells", "/", "mm3", ",", "1170", "leukocytes", "/", "mm3", "(", "66", "%", "mononuclear", ")", ".", "At", "the", "same", "time", ",", "serology", "was", "performed", "to", "rule", "out", "HIV", "and", "zoonosis", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "A", ")", "In", "our", "case", "we", "are", "dealing", "with", "a", "patient", "who", "initially", "presented", "with", "non-specific", "clinical", "manifestations", "but", "with", "deterioration", "of", "general", "condition", "associated", "with", "headache", "and", "fever", ",", "later", "presenting", "with", "seizures", ".", "A", "lumbar", "puncture", "was", "performed", "due", "to", "a", "high", "suspicion", "of", "meningitis", ",", "obtaining", "CSF", "compatible", "with", "lymphocytic", "meningitis", ",", "and", "therefore", "the", "following", "etiological", "diagnoses", "are", "proposed", ".", "a", ")", "Infections", "*", "Bacterial", "meningitis", "1", "-", "Listeria", "monocytogenes", ":", "causes", "meningoencephalitis", "in", "patients", "over", "50", "years", "of", "age", ",", "immunosuppressed", "due", "to", "corticosteroid", "/", "immunosuppressive", "treatment", "or", "the", "presence", "of", "comorbidities", "(", "liver", "cirrhosis", ",", "diabetes", "mellitus", ",", "chronic", "renal", "failure", "or", "active", "neoplasia", ")", ".", "2", "-", "Tuberculous", "meningitis", ":", "subacute-chronic", "onset", "with", "clinical", "manifestations", "of", "weakness", ",", "headache", ",", "low-grade", "fever", "and", "personality", "changes", ".", "This", "is", "followed", "by", "another", "phase", "with", "predominant", "neurological", "symptoms", "such", "as", "lethargy", ",", "confusion", ",", "involvement", "of", "cranial", "nerves", ".", "In", "the", "last", "phase", ",", "confusion", "leads", "to", "stupor", ",", "convulsions", ",", "hemiparesis", ",", "coma", ".", "3", "-", "Decapitated", "bacterial", "meningitis", ":", "this", "clinical", "circumstance", "requires", "the", "use", "of", "antimicrobials", "prior", "to", "CSF", "analysis", ".", "The", "most", "frequent", "causes", "in", "our", "environment", "are", "Streptococcus", "pneumoniae", "and", "Neisseria", "meningitidis", ".", "4", "-", "Neurosyphilis", ":", "Advanced", "stage", "of", "infection", "by", "Treponema", "pallidum", "and", "which", "clinically", "presents", "with", "headache", ",", "fever", "and", "stiff", "neck", ".", "If", "syphilitic", "gummas", "form", ",", "seizures", "are", "more", "likely", "to", "develop", ".", "*", "Viral", "meningoencephalitis", ":", "Clinically", "they", "may", "present", "with", "altered", "level", "of", "consciousness", ",", "fever", ",", "seizures", "and", "neurological", "focality", ".", "In", "our", "environment", "we", "should", "rule", "out", "the", "presence", "of", ":", "HSV", "1", "and", "2", ",", "Enterovirus", ",", "varicella", "zoster", "virus", "(", "VZV", ")", "and", "West", "Nile", "virus", ".", "*", "Fungal", "meningitis", ":", "Opportunistic", "disease", "caused", "by", "Cryptococcus", "neoformans", ",", "which", "mainly", "affects", "immunocompromised", "patients", "and", "whose", "most", "frequent", "neurological", "manifestation", "is", "meningoencephalitis", "leading", "to", "the", "formation", "of", "cryptococcomas", ".", "b", ")", "Non-infectious", ":", "1", "-", "Temporal", "arteritis", ":", "This", "is", "the", "most", "frequent", "vasculitis", ",", "affecting", "large", "and", "medium-sized", "vessels", "in", "patients", "aged", "over", "60-70", "years", ".", "The", "neurological", "symptoms", ",", "consisting", "of", "headache", "and", "sometimes", "seizures", ",", "are", "associated", "with", "persistent", "fever", "and", "constitutional", "syndrome", ".", "2", "-", "Primary", "cerebral", "lymphoma", ":", "This", "is", "a", "rare", "variant", "of", "extranodal", "non-Hodgkin", "'", "s", "lymphoma", ".", "The", "most", "frequently", "described", "symptoms", "are", "neurological", "deficits", ",", "personality", "alterations", ",", "headache", "with", "vomiting", "and", "seizures", ".", "3", "-", "Other", "brain", "tumours", ":", "The", "most", "frequent", "brain", "tumour", "lesion", "is", "metastasis", "and", "among", "the", "primary", "tumours", "we", "find", "glioblastoma", "and", "meningioma", ".", "Clinically", ",", "they", "present", "with", "headache", ",", "convulsions", ",", "vomiting", ",", "syncope", ",", "behavioural", "alterations", "and", "neurological", "focality", ".", "4", "-", "Pharmacological", ":", "Due", "to", "the", "use", "of", "non-steroidal", "anti-inflammatory", "drugs", "and", "cotrimoxazole", ",", "among", "others", ".", "5", "-", "Sarcoidosis", ":", "Cause", "of", "aseptic", "meningitis", "due", "to", "granulomatous", "inflammation", "that", "follows", "a", "perivascular", "distribution", "affecting", "the", "CNS", "and", "may", "produce", "focal", "or", "generalised", "seizures", "depending", "on", "the", "area", "affected", ".", "B", ")", "Considering", "the", "circumstances", "surrounding", "our", "patient", ",", "we", "previously", "mentioned", "that", "he", "lives", "in", "a", "rural", "area", "and", "has", "a", "dog", "as", "a", "pet", ",", "so", "we", "would", "include", "the", "following", "zoonoses", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ":", "1", "-", "Capnocytophaga", "spp", ":", "can", "present", "as", "fulminant", "sepsis", "or", "lymphocytic", "meningitis", "in", "immunocompromised", "patients", ".", "Domestic", "animals", "such", "as", "dogs", "and", "cats", "act", "as", "a", "reservoir", ".", "2", "-", "Q", "fever", ":", "caused", "by", "Coxiella", "burnetii", ".", "Unusually", ",", "it", "may", "present", "with", "neurological", "symptoms", ";", "it", "is", "the", "most", "frequent", "zoonosis", "in", "our", "environment", ".", "3", "-", "Lyme", "disease", ":", "caused", "by", "Borrelia", "burgdorferi", "which", ",", "characteristically", ",", "presents", "with", "erythema", "migrans", "after", "tick", "bite", ".", "It", "can", "cause", "lymphocytic", "meningitis", "with", "cerebellar", "and", "cranial", "nerve", "involvement", "(", "mainly", "facial", "nerve", ")", ".", "Evolution", "In", "view", "of", "the", "clinical", "findings", "and", "the", "results", "of", "the", "complementary", "tests", ",", "pending", "completion", "of", "the", "microbiological", "studies", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "ward", ".", "Given", "the", "characteristics", "of", "the", "CSF", ",", "the", "acute", "/", "subacute", "presentation", "of", "the", "symptoms", "and", "the", "occupation", "of", "the", "paranasal", "sinuses", "in", "the", "skull", "CT", "scan", ",", "empirical", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "Ceftriaxone", "2", "g", "/", "12", "hours", "and", "Ampicillin", "2g", "/", "4", "hours", "(", "listeriosis", "was", "initially", "suspected", ")", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "Microbiology", "reported", "the", "presence", "of", "abundant", "mononuclear", "leukocytes", "in", "the", "gram", "stain", ",", "pending", "culture", "results", "for", "usual", "pathogenic", "microorganisms", ".", "During", "the", "following", "days", ",", "the", "patient", "improved", "clinically", ",", "relieving", "his", "headache", "with", "first-step", "analgesics", "and", "was", "afebrile", "from", "the", "first", "day", "of", "hospitalisation", ".", "There", "were", "no", "new", "episodes", "of", "coma", ".", "Analytically", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "inflammatory", "parameters", "improved", "with", "a", "decrease", "in", "CRP", ",", "which", "at", "discharge", "was", "3", ".", "52", "mg", "/", "l", ",", "although", "he", "persisted", "with", "leukocytosis", ",", "which", "was", "attributed", "to", "corticoid", "treatment", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "were", "completed", "and", "it", "was", "observed", "that", "PCR", "for", "TB", "and", "viruses", "(", "enterovirus", ",", "HSV", "1", ",", "2", "and", "VZV", ")", "and", "pneumococcal", "antigen", "in", "CSF", "were", "negative", ".", "Serologies", "for", "Q", "fever", "(", "Ig", "M", "C", ".", "burnetti", ")", ",", "Leptospira", "spp", ".", "and", "Bartonella", "spp", ".", "were", "negative", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "drawn", "in", "the", "ED", "were", "also", "negative", ".", "CSF", "samples", "stained", "on", "chocolate", "agar", "and", "blood", "agar", "were", "negative", "at", "72", "hours", ".", "Samples", "incubated", "in", "liquid", "medium", "(", "thioglycollate", "and", "BHI", "broths", ")", "at", "five", "days", "showed", "growth", "of", "Capnocytophaga", "canimorsus", "without", "being", "able", "to", "recover", "viable", "microorganisms", "for", "antibiogram", ".", "Based", "on", "what", "was", "described", "in", "the", "literature", "and", "the", "clinical-analytical", "improvement", ",", "sequential", "treatment", "was", "continued", "with", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "875", "/", "125", "mg", "every", "8", "hours", "orally", ".", "Other", "complementary", "tests", "were", "requested", ",", "notably", "an", "EEG", ",", "which", "showed", "excessive", "emotional", "tension", "without", "paroxysmal", "activity", "or", "other", "anomalies", ";", "and", "a", "brain", "MRI", ",", "which", "showed", "slight", "atrophy", "of", "the", "cerebellar", "vermis", ".", "MRI", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "brain", ":", "slight", "atrophy", "of", "the", "cerebellar", "vermis", ".", "After", "eleven", "days", "of", "hospitalisation", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "as", "he", "was", "asymptomatic", ",", "continuing", "with", "the", "established", "treatment", "for", "14", "days", ".", "He", "was", "reviewed", "in", "the", "Outpatient", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Department", "eleven", "days", "later", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "asymptomatic", "and", "was", "discharged", "definitively", ".", "No", "new", "hospital", "admissions", "or", "emergency", "room", "visits", "have", "been", "recorded", "since", "the", "referral", ".", "Given", "that", "the", "patient", "had", "a", "history", "of", "open", "wounds", ",", "and", "there", "is", "a", "history", "of", "contact", "with", "dogs", ",", "this", "could", "well", "have", "been", "the", "entry", "point", "for", "the", "microorganism", ",", "and", "he", "also", "had", "excessive", "alcohol", "consumption", "as", "an", "added", "risk", "factor", "for", "infection", "by", "Capnocytophaga", "canimorsus", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Capnocytophaga", "canimorsus", "meningitis", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "active", "alcoholism", "." ]
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en
A 64-year-old man with right mandibular swelling of 6 months' duration. Plain radiography showed a well-demarcated, osteolytic, multiloculated, expansive lesion located in the horizontal mandibular ramus. The computed tomography showed an expansive lesion with destruction of the bone cortex. With the provisional diagnosis of probable ameloblastoma, the lesion was resected and biopsied. By means of an interpapillary incision, the mandible was exposed, showing a bulging surface destroyed by a fleshy tumour of dense consistency surrounding the branch of the inferior dental nerve. After careful curettage of the bone cavity, the mandible was reconstructed and the mucosa was replaced. There were no postoperative complications. The material sent to the pathological anatomy consisted of tumour fragments of about 2x1.5 cm, greyish-white when cut and with a firm consistency. Several samples were taken, fixed in formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and processed using routine techniques: 4m thick sections were cut and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Representative sections were immunohistochemically studied by the avidin-biotin peroxidase method, using primary antibodies anti epithelial membrane antigen EMA, (Dako M613, USA, 10/500), S-100 protein (Dako, L1845, USA, pre-diluted), neurofilaments (Biogenex 6670-0154, USA), NSE neuro-specific enolase, (Biogenex MU055-VC, USA, 10/1000), CD57 (Becton-Dickinson 7660, USA, 10/500), CD34 (Becton-Dickinson 7660, USA, 10/500), smooth muscle a-actin (Dako MO851, USA, 10/200), desmin (Dako M760, USA, 10/500), and vimentin (Shandon 402255, USA, pred. ). The process was performed following the standard protocol, using positive and negative controls. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was performed on 50m thick paraffin-embedded sections using an LSI BCR/ABL dual colour mixer (VYSIS Inc, Downers Grove, USA) following the manufacturer's recommended procedure and examined with a Nikon fluorescence microscope with a triple band filter, and a hundred nuclei were studied by two of the authors. Histologically, the tumour fragments consisted of elongated cells of regular shape and size arranged in interlacing bundles and in "onion bulb" structured whorls. The cell density and intercellular stroma were variable, with some areas showing a myxoid appearance. No palisaded cells or atypical cell pleomorphism or atypical mitoses were observed. Residual fibres of the mandibular nerve trunk were identified at the periphery of some fragments. With the provisional diagnosis of PIN, complementary examinations were performed. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumour cells were strongly positive for EMA and vimentin and negative for S-100 protein, NSE, collagen IV, CD57, smooth muscle a-actin, desmin and CD34. Schwann cells in the whorls were positive for S-100 protein and axons positive for anti-neurofilament antigen were identified in the centre of the "bulbs". Residual dental nerve fibres were positive for S-100 protein, NSE and neurofilaments and the perineurium positive for EMA. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation revealed deletion of the long arm of chromosome 22 (22q11) in the nuclei of 75% of tumour cells as well as centromere loss of chromosome 22.
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"Biogenex", "6670-0154", ",", "USA", ")", ",", "NSE", "neuro-specific", "enolase", ",", "(", "Biogenex", "MU055-VC", ",", "USA", ",", "10", "/", "1000", ")", ",", "CD57", "(", "Becton-Dickinson", "7660", ",", "USA", ",", "10", "/", "500", ")", ",", "CD34", "(", "Becton-Dickinson", "7660", ",", "USA", ",", "10", "/", "500", ")", ",", "smooth", "muscle", "a-actin", "(", "Dako", "MO851", ",", "USA", ",", "10", "/", "200", ")", ",", "desmin", "(", "Dako", "M760", ",", "USA", ",", "10", "/", "500", ")", ",", "and", "vimentin", "(", "Shandon", "402255", ",", "USA", ",", "pred", ".", ")", ".", "The", "process", "was", "performed", "following", "the", "standard", "protocol", ",", "using", "positive", "and", "negative", "controls", ".", "Fluorescence", "in", "situ", "hybridisation", "(", "FISH", ")", "was", "performed", "on", "50m", "thick", "paraffin-embedded", "sections", "using", "an", "LSI", "BCR", "/", "ABL", "dual", "colour", "mixer", "(", "VYSIS", "Inc", ",", "Downers", "Grove", ",", 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"provisional", "diagnosis", "of", "PIN", ",", "complementary", "examinations", "were", "performed", ".", "Immunohistochemistry", "showed", "that", "the", "tumour", "cells", "were", "strongly", "positive", "for", "EMA", "and", "vimentin", "and", "negative", "for", "S-100", "protein", ",", "NSE", ",", "collagen", "IV", ",", "CD57", ",", "smooth", "muscle", "a-actin", ",", "desmin", "and", "CD34", ".", "Schwann", "cells", "in", "the", "whorls", "were", "positive", "for", "S-100", "protein", "and", "axons", "positive", "for", "anti-neurofilament", "antigen", "were", "identified", "in", "the", "centre", "of", "the", "\"", "bulbs", "\"", ".", "Residual", "dental", "nerve", "fibres", "were", "positive", "for", "S-100", "protein", ",", "NSE", "and", "neurofilaments", "and", "the", "perineurium", "positive", "for", "EMA", ".", "Fluorescence", "in", "situ", "hybridisation", "revealed", "deletion", "of", "the", "long", "arm", "of", "chromosome", "22", "(", "22q11", ")", "in", "the", "nuclei", "of", "75", "%", "of", "tumour", "cells", "as", "well", "as", "centromere", "loss", "of", "chromosome", "22", "." ]
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[ { "text": "authors", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2047, "end": 2054 }, { "text": "onion", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2188, "end": 2193 } ]
en
In June 2010, a 61-year-old man came to the internal medicine department to be examined for almost daily febrile fever and occasional fever over 38oC. His personal history included: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, haemochromatosis under treatment with periodic bleeding up to a year earlier, ex-smoker, and a patient with a prosthetic mitral valve and stent since 2008 due to ischaemic heart disease with biventricular involvement. Six months earlier, the patient had started to experience a progressive onset of fever, asthenia, hyporexia and cough. In March of the same year, he was referred by his primary care physician for the finding of three peripheral pulmonary micronodules measuring 5 mm. Complementary examinations revealed moderate normochromic anaemia, elevated ESR and CRP together with significant homogeneous splenomegaly. No fever was noted and he was discharged to continue the study in the outpatient department. In April he returned to the ED with fever of 38.7oC and pleuritic pain in the left hemithorax. Two blood cultures were taken and were negative after 5 days of incubation. He started empirical antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with partial improvement of symptoms. From the internal medicine department and due to a further worsening of symptoms, it was decided to admit him. At that time he was anaemic, with iron levels of 34 mcg/dl, a blood rate of 56 mm/h and CRP of 3.6 mg/dl. Thoracic-abdominal CT showed splenomegaly with an image compatible with splenic infarcts and persistence of the aforementioned unchanged pulmonary micronodules. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed a mechanical mitral prosthesis with two vegetation images, a medial one measuring 14 x 5 mm and a lateral one measuring 13 x 4 mm on the atrial side. There was no prosthetic dysfunction. Three blood cultures were taken (aerobic and anaerobic flasks). All three anaerobic flasks grew a non-spore-forming, pleomorphic gram-positive bacillus at 7, 8 and 10 days. The isolate was sent to the Centro Nacional de Microbiología in Majadahonda where it was identified as Propionibacterium acnes by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. When initially reporting the growth of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus in blood cultures, the patient was treated with vancomycin, ceftriaxone and gentamicin. Subsequently, ceftriaxone and gentamicin were replaced by clindamycin. After suspecting that the microorganism was P. acnes, it was decided to change antibiotherapy to penicillin G sodium, 4,000,000 IU every 4 hours. The patient's evolution at the start of treatment was favourable, but the reappearance of fever with peaks above 38oC after ten days, together with the results of a second transesophageal echocardiogram (unchanged from the previous one), made it advisable to perform surgery to replace the prosthesis.
[ "In", "June", "2010", ",", "a", "61-year-old", "man", "came", "to", "the", "internal", "medicine", "department", "to", "be", "examined", "for", "almost", "daily", "febrile", "fever", "and", "occasional", "fever", "over", "38oC", ".", "His", "personal", "history", "included", ":", "hypertension", ",", "hypercholesterolemia", ",", "haemochromatosis", "under", "treatment", "with", "periodic", "bleeding", "up", "to", "a", "year", "earlier", ",", "ex-smoker", ",", "and", "a", "patient", "with", "a", "prosthetic", "mitral", "valve", "and", "stent", "since", "2008", "due", "to", "ischaemic", "heart", "disease", "with", "biventricular", "involvement", ".", "Six", "months", "earlier", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "started", "to", "experience", "a", "progressive", "onset", "of", "fever", ",", "asthenia", ",", "hyporexia", "and", "cough", ".", "In", "March", "of", "the", "same", "year", ",", "he", "was", "referred", "by", "his", "primary", "care", "physician", "for", "the", "finding", "of", "three", "peripheral", "pulmonary", "micronodules", "measuring", "5", "mm", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "revealed", "moderate", "normochromic", "anaemia", ",", "elevated", "ESR", "and", "CRP", "together", "with", "significant", "homogeneous", "splenomegaly", ".", "No", "fever", "was", "noted", "and", "he", "was", "discharged", "to", "continue", "the", "study", "in", "the", "outpatient", "department", ".", "In", "April", "he", "returned", "to", "the", "ED", "with", "fever", "of", "38", ".", "7oC", "and", "pleuritic", "pain", "in", "the", "left", "hemithorax", ".", "Two", "blood", "cultures", "were", "taken", "and", "were", "negative", "after", "5", "days", "of", "incubation", ".", "He", "started", "empirical", "antibiotic", "treatment", "with", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "with", "partial", "improvement", "of", "symptoms", ".", "From", "the", "internal", "medicine", "department", "and", "due", "to", "a", "further", "worsening", "of", "symptoms", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "admit", "him", ".", "At", "that", "time", "he", "was", "anaemic", ",", "with", "iron", "levels", "of", "34", "mcg", "/", "dl", ",", "a", "blood", "rate", "of", "56", "mm", "/", "h", "and", "CRP", "of", "3", ".", "6", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Thoracic-abdominal", "CT", "showed", "splenomegaly", "with", "an", "image", "compatible", "with", "splenic", "infarcts", "and", "persistence", "of", "the", "aforementioned", "unchanged", "pulmonary", "micronodules", ".", "A", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", "showed", "a", "mechanical", "mitral", "prosthesis", "with", "two", "vegetation", "images", ",", "a", "medial", "one", "measuring", "14", "x", "5", "mm", "and", "a", "lateral", "one", "measuring", "13", "x", "4", "mm", "on", "the", "atrial", "side", ".", "There", "was", "no", "prosthetic", "dysfunction", ".", "Three", "blood", "cultures", "were", "taken", "(", "aerobic", "and", "anaerobic", "flasks", ")", ".", "All", "three", "anaerobic", "flasks", "grew", "a", "non-spore-forming", ",", "pleomorphic", "gram-positive", "bacillus", "at", "7", ",", "8", "and", "10", "days", ".", "The", "isolate", "was", "sent", "to", "the", "Centro", "Nacional", "de", "Microbiología", "in", "Majadahonda", "where", "it", "was", "identified", "as", "Propionibacterium", "acnes", "by", "amplification", "and", "sequencing", "of", "the", "16S", "rRNA", "gene", ".", "When", "initially", "reporting", "the", "growth", "of", "an", "anaerobic", "gram-positive", "bacillus", "in", "blood", "cultures", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "treated", "with", "vancomycin", ",", "ceftriaxone", "and", "gentamicin", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "ceftriaxone", "and", "gentamicin", "were", "replaced", "by", "clindamycin", ".", "After", "suspecting", "that", "the", "microorganism", "was", "P", ".", "acnes", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "change", "antibiotherapy", "to", "penicillin", "G", "sodium", ",", "4", ",", "000", ",", "000", "IU", "every", "4", "hours", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "evolution", "at", "the", "start", "of", "treatment", "was", "favourable", ",", "but", "the", "reappearance", "of", "fever", "with", "peaks", "above", "38oC", "after", "ten", "days", ",", "together", "with", "the", "results", "of", "a", "second", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", "(", "unchanged", "from", "the", "previous", "one", ")", ",", "made", "it", "advisable", "to", "perform", "surgery", "to", "replace", "the", "prosthesis", "." ]
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 313, "end": 320 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 155, "end": 163 }, { "text": "Propionibacterium acnes", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2102, "end": 2125 }, { "text": "spore", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1928, "end": 1933 }, { "text": "primary care physician", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 606, "end": 628 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 461, "end": 468 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2278, "end": 2285 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2564, "end": 2571 }, { "text": "P. acnes", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2458, "end": 2466 } ]
en
A 67-year-old male patient with type II diabetes mellitus. He had been suffering for 7 days from diarrhoeal evacuations with mucus and blood 6 to 8 times a day, fever, nausea and vomiting of gastric contents, as well as stabbing abdominal pain in the last 3 days, initially in the right lower quadrant and finally generalised. On examination she presented tachycardia, tachypnoea and hyperthermia of 38.7◦C. Acute abdomen, with muscular resistance, positive decompression sign, and decreased peristalsis. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia and bandaemia. Simple abdominal X-rays in the standing and recumbent position showed distension of the intestinal loops and pneumatosis of the cecal wall. X-ray image showing distension of intestinal loops and pneumatosis in the cecum. X-ray image with greater detail of pneumatosis in the cecum. At laparotomy, areas of necrosis were found throughout the colon, with fibrinopurulent crepitus and crepitus in the cecum. Subtotal colectomy was performed. Indirect haemagglutination and PCR tests supported the diagnosis of invasive amebiasis. Histopathological study reported haematophagous Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in the colon wall, and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in the colon wall, identified in the histopathological study of the patient.
[ "A", "67-year-old", "male", "patient", "with", "type", "II", "diabetes", "mellitus", ".", "He", "had", "been", "suffering", "for", "7", "days", "from", "diarrhoeal", "evacuations", "with", "mucus", "and", "blood", "6", "to", "8", "times", "a", "day", ",", "fever", ",", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", "of", "gastric", "contents", ",", "as", "well", "as", "stabbing", "abdominal", "pain", "in", "the", "last", "3", "days", ",", "initially", "in", "the", "right", "lower", "quadrant", "and", "finally", "generalised", ".", "On", "examination", "she", "presented", "tachycardia", ",", "tachypnoea", "and", "hyperthermia", "of", "38", ".", "7", "◦", "C", ".", "Acute", "abdomen", ",", "with", "muscular", "resistance", ",", "positive", "decompression", "sign", ",", "and", "decreased", "peristalsis", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "leukocytosis", ",", "neutrophilia", "and", "bandaemia", ".", "Simple", "abdominal", "X-rays", "in", "the", "standing", "and", "recumbent", "position", "showed", "distension", "of", "the", "intestinal", "loops", "and", "pneumatosis", "of", "the", "cecal", "wall", ".", "X-ray", "image", "showing", "distension", "of", "intestinal", "loops", "and", "pneumatosis", "in", "the", "cecum", ".", "X-ray", "image", "with", "greater", "detail", "of", "pneumatosis", "in", "the", "cecum", ".", "At", "laparotomy", ",", "areas", "of", "necrosis", "were", "found", "throughout", "the", "colon", ",", "with", "fibrinopurulent", "crepitus", "and", "crepitus", "in", "the", "cecum", ".", "Subtotal", "colectomy", "was", "performed", ".", "Indirect", "haemagglutination", "and", "PCR", "tests", "supported", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "invasive", "amebiasis", ".", "Histopathological", "study", "reported", "haematophagous", "Entamoeba", "histolytica", "trophozoites", "in", "the", "colon", "wall", ",", "and", "lymphoplasmacytic", "infiltrate", ".", "Entamoeba", "histolytica", "trophozoites", "in", "the", "colon", "wall", ",", "identified", "in", "the", "histopathological", "study", "of", "the", "patient", "." ]
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[ { "text": "male patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 26 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 19, "end": 26 }, { "text": "Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1146, "end": 1180 }, { "text": "Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1234, "end": 1268 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1337, "end": 1344 } ]
en
A 72-year-old man with a history of smoking (ex-smoker of 10 cigarettes a day for 30 years), long-standing hypertension with poor home control and a history of ischaemic heart disease, without previous infarction, revascularised with three stents six years ago. Diagnosed with primary Sjögren's syndrome with regular outbreaks of arthritis. He suffered from prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy and without hormone blockade for three years and last year suffered a left femoral deep vein thrombosis, starting anticoagulation with acenocoumarol 4mg, which he currently maintains. He is also being treated with deflazacort for his autoimmune disease (6mg a day), atenolol (50mg a day), rosuvastatin (10mg a day), nitroglycerin (5mg a day patch) and esomeprazole (40mg a day). Currently retired and living in an urban environment, he leads an active life without limitations. He lives alone, with no contact with animals. He consulted the emergency department for a febrile syndrome of one week's evolution accompanied by joint pain in the right wrist and ankle, with no other notable symptoms. On examination the patient was hypertensive (BP 160/90 mmHg), with normal heart rate (65 bpm), afebrile and eupneic at rest. Cardiopulmonary auscultation is normal, as is abdominal palpation. There was swelling, erythema and pain on the back of the right hand at the level of the extensor tendons, as well as in the internal malleolus of the right ankle, with the rest of the joint being normal. Blood tests showed: leukocytosis of 23820 cells/μL with 81% neutrophilia and 32% lymphocytes; elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) of 234 mg/L; mild hypertransaminasemia (AST 142.5 IU/L, ALT 114.7 IU/L); mild deterioration of renal function with creatinine of 1.51 mg/dl and normal ions. The systematic urine analysis showed no data suggestive of infection and the chest X-ray showed no pulmonary infiltrates or other alterations of interest. He was admitted to the ward with a diagnosis of suspected septic arthritis. Serial blood cultures were performed and Streptococcus zooepidemicus sensitive to penicillin (MIC ≤ 0.12) was isolated in the two aerobic samples and in the two anaerobic samples. Urine culture was negative. The patient was re-interviewed and insisted on not having direct contact with animals. His son has a dog which he sees occasionally. He was initially treated empirically with ceftriaxone and cloxacillin, which was simplified to ceftriaxone after the microbiological isolation described. Echocardiographic screening was performed, ruling out valvular heart disease and images suggestive of endocarditis. Clinical improvement was observed with a decrease in inflammatory signs in both joints, with no pain in both, although there was still mild oedema in the wrist and erythema in the ankle without inflammation. The analytical parameters also improved, so he was discharged 6 days later with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 875-125mg every 8 hours by mouth until completing two weeks of antibiotherapy. The control blood culture after 6 days of antibiotic therapy was negative. The plan is for a check-up at the clinic and a new control blood culture one week after completing the treatment. One week after discharge, and with one day left to complete the antibiotic therapy, she consulted the emergency department again due to sudden disorientation and confusion with dysarthric speech and generalised slowness. He had not presented fever. On examination he was hypertensive (BP 179/79 mmHg), with normal heart rate (66 bpm), eupneic and afebrile. Cardiopulmonary auscultation with no findings. Neurologically disoriented in time, bradypsychic, and on neurological examination, left homonymous haemianopsia was observed with no other focality. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm. Blood tests showed leukocytosis of 13330 cells/μL with 85% neutrophilia, elevated acute phase reactants (CRP 52.8 mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 66 mm/h) and troponin increased by 170 pg/ml. An urgent cranial CT scan was performed, which revealed a hypodense millimetric focus in the head of the left caudate nucleus with a chronic appearance, without defining acute lesions. Differential diagnosis The patient presented with an abrupt neurological condition with a history of infectious arthritis and bacteraemia due to S. zooepidemicus, without having completed the prescribed antimicrobial treatment. In the differential diagnosis approach, given the abruptness of the picture, we mainly included cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and infectious aetiology. Our patient has a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors (history of smoking, long-standing hypertension and previous ischaemic heart disease), which together with the observed neurological focality (homonymous haemianopsia) suggests atherothrombotic or lacunar stroke. Embolic stroke is less likely as the patient was in sinus rhythm, although the presence of embolism secondary to intracardiac thrombus cannot be ruled out. On the other hand, the presence of leukocytosis, neutrophilia and elevated acute phase reactants make it necessary to rule out an infectious aetiology as the origin of the neurological picture. Infection of the central nervous system is a likely cause considering the recent diagnosis of infectious arthritis and bacteraemia due to S. zooepidemicus. In fact, although infections by this organism are rare, after bacteraemia, dissemination to other organs may occur, with meningitis, endophthalmitis, endocarditis, pneumonia or arthritis having been described. Few cases of meningitis specifically caused by S. zooepidemicus have been reported in the literature, although it is one of the most frequent species of group C streptococci causing meningitis3. The incubation period in humans varies from 1 to 21 days, with a median of 7 days. Fever and meningeal signs (which our patient did not have) are common at diagnosis, although alterations in mental status, low level of consciousness and stupor (which were present in this case) may also be present. Although meningitis, following dissemination by the bacteraemia, cannot be ruled out, its appearance after a period of improvement and the aforementioned neurological focality make it necessary to consider another process. Finally, in a patient with streptococcal bacteraemia who develops neurological focality, the main diagnosis to consider is the presence of cerebral septic embolisms secondary to infective endocarditis. Evolution The patient is admitted to the neurology ward with initial suspicion of acute stroke. This diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull, which showed an alteration in signal intensity (hyperintense in T1, with increased perilesional signal in T2/FLAIR) of gyral morphology, patchy and discontinuous involvement of some of the convolutions of the right occipital lobe (lingual gyrus) in relation to a subacute ischaemic lesion with cortical microbleeding. The patchy and discontinuous involvement suggests embolic aetiology. As a study of the embolic source, a transthoracic echocardiogram was requested, showing an echogenic image, pedunculated, with erratic movement and ventricular prolapse in diastole, of irregular contour and 17x10mm attached to the atrial facet of the posterior mitral valve leaflet, highly suggestive of endocarditis. Empirical treatment was started with ceftriaxone 2g daily with simultaneous extraction of blood cultures without fever. The diagnosis was confirmed with a transesophageal echocardiogram that confirmed the 18x10mm vegetation on the atrial side of the mitral valve p2 festoon, with prolapsing movement in the left atrium, which led to mild mitral regurgitation. After discussing the case with Cardiac Surgery, intervention was ruled out as the mitral valve did not present any structural damage. The patient had a good clinical evolution, remaining afebrile and haemodynamically stable throughout the hospital stay. After a week of treatment, a decrease in acute phase reactants was observed (CRP 6.5 mg/dl, ESR 55 mm/h). On withdrawing corticosteroid treatment, which the patient usually takes due to his Sjögren's syndrome, he again presented non-fluctuating swelling on the dorsum of the right hand with redness. MRI of the right hand showed tenosynovitis of the extensors of the fingers and signs of arthritis of the radius and ulna joints with the carpus, which improved with the reintroduction of deflazacort. Antibiotic treatment started with ceftriaxone 2g iv per day is continued for 6-8 weeks (MIC Cefotaxime ≤1). He was discharged three weeks after starting antibiotic therapy to continue treatment on an outpatient basis. Control blood cultures were repeated with negative results and echocardiogram with no changes, with vegetation still adhering to the mitral valve. The patient completed treatment for 8 weeks without incident, and a new control echocardiogram was performed 4 months later with no images suggestive of endocarditis. Blood cultures one month after the end of treatment were also negative and the patient was discharged from the Infectious Diseases Department. Final diagnosis - Infective endocarditis on native mitral valve due to Streptococcus zooepidemicus. - Right occipital stroke of embolic aetiology secondary to endocarditis. - Autoimmune arthritis of the right wrist.
[ "A", "72-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "history", "of", "smoking", "(", "ex-smoker", "of", "10", "cigarettes", "a", "day", "for", "30", "years", ")", ",", "long-standing", "hypertension", "with", "poor", "home", "control", "and", "a", "history", "of", "ischaemic", "heart", "disease", ",", "without", "previous", "infarction", ",", "revascularised", "with", "three", "stents", "six", "years", "ago", ".", "Diagnosed", "with", "primary", "Sjögren", "'", "s", "syndrome", "with", "regular", "outbreaks", "of", "arthritis", ".", "He", "suffered", "from", "prostate", "cancer", "undergoing", "radiotherapy", "and", "without", "hormone", "blockade", "for", "three", "years", "and", "last", "year", "suffered", "a", "left", "femoral", "deep", "vein", "thrombosis", ",", "starting", "anticoagulation", "with", "acenocoumarol", "4mg", ",", "which", "he", "currently", "maintains", ".", "He", "is", "also", "being", "treated", "with", "deflazacort", "for", "his", "autoimmune", "disease", "(", "6mg", "a", "day", ")", ",", "atenolol", "(", "50mg", "a", "day", ")", ",", "rosuvastatin", "(", "10mg", "a", "day", ")", ",", "nitroglycerin", "(", "5mg", "a", "day", "patch", ")", "and", "esomeprazole", "(", "40mg", "a", "day", ")", ".", "Currently", "retired", "and", "living", "in", "an", "urban", "environment", ",", "he", "leads", "an", "active", "life", "without", "limitations", ".", "He", "lives", "alone", ",", "with", "no", "contact", "with", "animals", ".", "He", "consulted", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "a", "febrile", "syndrome", "of", "one", "week", "'", "s", "evolution", "accompanied", "by", "joint", "pain", "in", "the", "right", "wrist", "and", "ankle", ",", "with", "no", "other", "notable", "symptoms", ".", "On", "examination", "the", "patient", "was", "hypertensive", "(", "BP", "160", "/", "90", "mmHg", ")", ",", "with", "normal", "heart", "rate", "(", "65", "bpm", ")", ",", "afebrile", "and", "eupneic", "at", "rest", ".", "Cardiopulmonary", "auscultation", "is", "normal", ",", "as", "is", "abdominal", "palpation", ".", "There", "was", "swelling", ",", "erythema", "and", "pain", "on", "the", "back", "of", "the", "right", "hand", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "extensor", "tendons", ",", "as", "well", "as", "in", "the", "internal", "malleolus", "of", "the", "right", "ankle", ",", "with", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "joint", "being", "normal", ".", "Blood", "tests", "showed", ":", "leukocytosis", "of", "23820", "cells", "/", "μL", "with", "81", "%", "neutrophilia", "and", "32", "%", "lymphocytes", ";", "elevated", "C-reactive", "protein", "(", "CRP", ")", "of", "234", "mg", "/", "L", ";", "mild", "hypertransaminasemia", "(", "AST", "142", ".", "5", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "ALT", "114", ".", "7", "IU", "/", "L", ")", ";", "mild", "deterioration", "of", "renal", "function", "with", "creatinine", "of", "1", ".", "51", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "normal", "ions", ".", "The", "systematic", "urine", "analysis", "showed", "no", "data", "suggestive", "of", "infection", "and", "the", "chest", "X-ray", "showed", "no", "pulmonary", "infiltrates", "or", "other", "alterations", "of", "interest", ".", "He", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "ward", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "suspected", "septic", "arthritis", ".", "Serial", "blood", "cultures", "were", "performed", "and", "Streptococcus", "zooepidemicus", "sensitive", "to", "penicillin", "(", "MIC", "≤", "0", ".", "12", ")", "was", "isolated", "in", "the", "two", "aerobic", "samples", "and", "in", "the", "two", "anaerobic", "samples", ".", "Urine", "culture", "was", "negative", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "re-interviewed", "and", "insisted", "on", "not", "having", "direct", "contact", "with", "animals", ".", "His", "son", "has", "a", "dog", "which", "he", "sees", "occasionally", ".", "He", "was", "initially", "treated", "empirically", "with", "ceftriaxone", "and", "cloxacillin", ",", "which", "was", "simplified", "to", "ceftriaxone", "after", "the", "microbiological", "isolation", "described", ".", "Echocardiographic", "screening", "was", "performed", ",", "ruling", "out", "valvular", "heart", "disease", "and", "images", "suggestive", "of", "endocarditis", ".", "Clinical", "improvement", "was", "observed", "with", "a", "decrease", "in", "inflammatory", "signs", "in", "both", "joints", ",", "with", "no", "pain", "in", "both", ",", "although", "there", "was", "still", "mild", "oedema", "in", "the", "wrist", "and", "erythema", "in", "the", "ankle", "without", "inflammation", ".", "The", "analytical", "parameters", "also", "improved", ",", "so", "he", "was", "discharged", "6", "days", "later", "with", "amoxicillin-clavulanic", "acid", "875-125mg", "every", "8", "hours", "by", "mouth", "until", "completing", "two", "weeks", "of", "antibiotherapy", ".", "The", "control", "blood", "culture", "after", "6", "days", "of", "antibiotic", "therapy", "was", "negative", ".", "The", "plan", "is", "for", "a", "check-up", "at", "the", "clinic", "and", "a", "new", "control", "blood", "culture", "one", "week", "after", "completing", "the", "treatment", ".", "One", "week", "after", "discharge", ",", "and", "with", "one", "day", "left", "to", "complete", "the", "antibiotic", "therapy", ",", "she", "consulted", "the", "emergency", "department", "again", "due", "to", "sudden", "disorientation", "and", "confusion", "with", "dysarthric", "speech", "and", "generalised", "slowness", ".", "He", "had", "not", "presented", "fever", ".", "On", "examination", "he", "was", "hypertensive", "(", "BP", "179", "/", "79", "mmHg", ")", ",", "with", "normal", "heart", "rate", "(", "66", "bpm", ")", ",", "eupneic", "and", "afebrile", ".", "Cardiopulmonary", "auscultation", "with", "no", "findings", ".", "Neurologically", "disoriented", "in", "time", ",", "bradypsychic", ",", "and", "on", "neurological", "examination", ",", "left", "homonymous", "haemianopsia", "was", "observed", "with", "no", "other", "focality", ".", "The", "electrocardiogram", "showed", "sinus", "rhythm", ".", "Blood", "tests", "showed", "leukocytosis", "of", "13330", "cells", "/", "μL", "with", "85", "%", "neutrophilia", ",", "elevated", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "(", "CRP", "52", ".", "8", "mg", "/", "L", ",", "erythrocyte", "sedimentation", "rate", "(", "ESR", ")", "66", "mm", "/", "h", ")", "and", "troponin", "increased", "by", "170", "pg", "/", "ml", ".", "An", "urgent", "cranial", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "revealed", "a", "hypodense", "millimetric", "focus", "in", "the", "head", "of", "the", "left", "caudate", "nucleus", "with", "a", "chronic", "appearance", ",", "without", "defining", "acute", "lesions", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "The", "patient", "presented", "with", "an", "abrupt", "neurological", "condition", "with", "a", "history", "of", "infectious", "arthritis", "and", "bacteraemia", "due", "to", "S", ".", "zooepidemicus", ",", "without", "having", "completed", "the", "prescribed", "antimicrobial", "treatment", ".", "In", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "approach", ",", "given", "the", "abruptness", "of", "the", "picture", ",", "we", "mainly", "included", "cerebrovascular", "accident", "(", "CVA", ")", "and", "infectious", "aetiology", ".", "Our", "patient", "has", "a", "high", "burden", "of", "cardiovascular", "risk", "factors", "(", "history", "of", "smoking", ",", "long-standing", "hypertension", "and", "previous", "ischaemic", "heart", "disease", ")", ",", "which", "together", "with", "the", "observed", "neurological", "focality", "(", "homonymous", "haemianopsia", ")", "suggests", "atherothrombotic", "or", "lacunar", "stroke", ".", "Embolic", "stroke", "is", "less", "likely", "as", "the", "patient", "was", "in", "sinus", "rhythm", ",", "although", "the", "presence", "of", "embolism", "secondary", "to", "intracardiac", "thrombus", "cannot", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "leukocytosis", ",", "neutrophilia", "and", "elevated", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "make", "it", "necessary", "to", "rule", "out", "an", "infectious", "aetiology", "as", "the", "origin", "of", "the", "neurological", "picture", ".", "Infection", "of", "the", "central", "nervous", "system", "is", "a", "likely", "cause", "considering", "the", "recent", "diagnosis", "of", "infectious", "arthritis", "and", "bacteraemia", "due", "to", "S", ".", "zooepidemicus", ".", "In", "fact", ",", "although", "infections", "by", "this", "organism", "are", "rare", ",", "after", "bacteraemia", ",", "dissemination", "to", "other", "organs", "may", "occur", ",", "with", "meningitis", ",", "endophthalmitis", ",", "endocarditis", ",", "pneumonia", "or", "arthritis", "having", "been", "described", ".", "Few", "cases", "of", "meningitis", "specifically", "caused", "by", "S", ".", "zooepidemicus", "have", "been", "reported", "in", "the", "literature", ",", "although", "it", "is", "one", "of", "the", "most", "frequent", "species", "of", "group", "C", "streptococci", "causing", "meningitis3", ".", "The", "incubation", "period", "in", "humans", "varies", "from", "1", "to", "21", "days", ",", "with", "a", "median", "of", "7", "days", ".", "Fever", "and", "meningeal", "signs", "(", "which", "our", "patient", "did", "not", "have", ")", "are", "common", "at", "diagnosis", ",", "although", "alterations", "in", "mental", "status", ",", "low", "level", "of", "consciousness", "and", "stupor", "(", "which", "were", "present", "in", "this", "case", ")", "may", "also", "be", "present", ".", "Although", "meningitis", ",", "following", "dissemination", "by", "the", "bacteraemia", ",", "cannot", "be", "ruled", "out", ",", "its", "appearance", "after", "a", "period", "of", "improvement", "and", "the", "aforementioned", "neurological", "focality", "make", "it", "necessary", "to", "consider", "another", "process", ".", "Finally", ",", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "streptococcal", "bacteraemia", "who", "develops", "neurological", "focality", ",", "the", "main", "diagnosis", "to", "consider", "is", "the", "presence", "of", "cerebral", "septic", "embolisms", "secondary", "to", "infective", "endocarditis", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "is", "admitted", "to", "the", "neurology", "ward", "with", "initial", "suspicion", "of", "acute", "stroke", ".", "This", "diagnosis", "was", "confirmed", "by", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "of", "the", "skull", ",", "which", "showed", "an", "alteration", "in", "signal", "intensity", "(", "hyperintense", "in", "T1", ",", "with", "increased", "perilesional", "signal", "in", "T2", "/", "FLAIR", ")", "of", "gyral", "morphology", ",", "patchy", "and", "discontinuous", "involvement", "of", "some", "of", "the", "convolutions", "of", "the", "right", "occipital", "lobe", "(", "lingual", "gyrus", ")", "in", "relation", "to", "a", "subacute", "ischaemic", "lesion", "with", "cortical", "microbleeding", ".", "The", "patchy", "and", "discontinuous", "involvement", "suggests", "embolic", "aetiology", ".", "As", "a", "study", "of", "the", "embolic", "source", ",", "a", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "was", "requested", ",", "showing", "an", "echogenic", "image", ",", "pedunculated", ",", "with", "erratic", "movement", "and", "ventricular", "prolapse", "in", "diastole", ",", "of", "irregular", "contour", "and", "17x10mm", "attached", "to", "the", "atrial", "facet", "of", "the", "posterior", "mitral", "valve", "leaflet", ",", "highly", "suggestive", "of", "endocarditis", ".", "Empirical", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "ceftriaxone", "2g", "daily", "with", "simultaneous", "extraction", "of", "blood", "cultures", "without", "fever", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "was", "confirmed", "with", "a", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", "that", "confirmed", "the", "18x10mm", "vegetation", "on", "the", "atrial", "side", "of", "the", "mitral", "valve", "p2", "festoon", ",", "with", "prolapsing", "movement", "in", "the", "left", "atrium", ",", "which", "led", "to", "mild", "mitral", "regurgitation", ".", "After", "discussing", "the", "case", "with", "Cardiac", "Surgery", ",", "intervention", "was", "ruled", "out", "as", "the", "mitral", "valve", "did", "not", "present", "any", "structural", "damage", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "a", "good", "clinical", "evolution", ",", "remaining", "afebrile", "and", "haemodynamically", "stable", "throughout", "the", "hospital", "stay", ".", "After", "a", "week", "of", "treatment", ",", "a", "decrease", "in", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "was", "observed", "(", "CRP", "6", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "ESR", "55", "mm", "/", "h", ")", ".", "On", "withdrawing", "corticosteroid", "treatment", ",", "which", "the", "patient", "usually", "takes", "due", "to", "his", "Sjögren", "'", "s", "syndrome", ",", "he", "again", "presented", "non-fluctuating", "swelling", "on", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "right", "hand", "with", "redness", ".", "MRI", "of", "the", "right", "hand", "showed", "tenosynovitis", "of", "the", "extensors", "of", "the", "fingers", "and", "signs", "of", "arthritis", "of", "the", "radius", "and", "ulna", "joints", "with", "the", "carpus", ",", "which", "improved", "with", "the", "reintroduction", "of", "deflazacort", ".", "Antibiotic", "treatment", "started", "with", "ceftriaxone", "2g", "iv", "per", "day", "is", "continued", "for", "6-8", "weeks", "(", "MIC", "Cefotaxime", "≤", "1", ")", ".", "He", "was", "discharged", "three", "weeks", "after", "starting", "antibiotic", "therapy", "to", "continue", "treatment", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", ".", "Control", "blood", "cultures", "were", "repeated", "with", "negative", "results", "and", "echocardiogram", "with", "no", "changes", ",", "with", "vegetation", "still", "adhering", "to", "the", "mitral", "valve", ".", "The", "patient", "completed", "treatment", "for", "8", "weeks", "without", "incident", ",", "and", "a", "new", "control", "echocardiogram", "was", "performed", "4", "months", "later", "with", "no", "images", "suggestive", "of", "endocarditis", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "one", "month", "after", "the", "end", "of", "treatment", "were", "also", "negative", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "from", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Department", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "-", "Infective", "endocarditis", "on", "native", "mitral", "valve", "due", "to", "Streptococcus", "zooepidemicus", ".", "-", "Right", "occipital", "stroke", "of", "embolic", "aetiology", "secondary", "to", "endocarditis", ".", "-", "Autoimmune", "arthritis", "of", "the", "right", "wrist", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis A 40-year-old male patient, HIV+, referred by the Infection Service for lesions in the genital area. The patient describes an initial single lesion of one month's evolution in the perineum area treated with betamethasone/gentamicin cream, which does not disappear after 10 days of application, adding new lesions, and coinciding with throat discomfort and oral aphthae. Subsequently, treatment with systemic and topical famciclovir was started on suspicion of Herpes Simplex, but no improvement was achieved. Physical examination Erythematous scaly plaques were seen on the scrotum and shaft of the penis and erythematous papular lesions of approximately 6-10 mm with an eroded centre in the bilateral inguinal region. Complementary examinations Serology for syphilis, PCR for other STIs and stool culture were requested, which were negative. Histopathological examination revealed spongiosis with exocytosis of neutrophils and lymphocytes and apoptotic keratinocytes at different levels. The granular layer is absent in some areas, coinciding with parakeratosis. In the dermis there is an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphohistiocytic cells, with some plasma cells, arranged around small vessels of the superficial capillary and interstitial plexus with a tendency to band-like arrangement. Diagnosis Pityriasis rosea inversa. Treatment Treatment with prednisone 40 mg/day was started. Evolution New lesions were added in the intergluteal area and there was an erythematous, chalky plaque on the scalp measuring about 2 cm in the left parietal region. One month after starting oral corticosteroids, the lesions stabilised and began to disappear without the appearance of new ones, so the corticosteroids were gradually reduced until they were discontinued.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "40-year-old", "male", "patient", ",", "HIV", "+", ",", "referred", "by", "the", "Infection", "Service", "for", "lesions", "in", "the", "genital", "area", ".", "The", "patient", "describes", "an", "initial", "single", "lesion", "of", "one", "month", "'", "s", "evolution", "in", "the", "perineum", "area", "treated", "with", "betamethasone", "/", "gentamicin", "cream", ",", "which", "does", "not", "disappear", "after", "10", "days", "of", "application", ",", "adding", "new", "lesions", ",", "and", "coinciding", "with", "throat", "discomfort", "and", "oral", "aphthae", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "treatment", "with", "systemic", "and", "topical", "famciclovir", "was", "started", "on", "suspicion", "of", "Herpes", "Simplex", ",", "but", "no", "improvement", "was", "achieved", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Erythematous", "scaly", "plaques", "were", "seen", "on", "the", "scrotum", "and", "shaft", "of", "the", "penis", "and", "erythematous", "papular", "lesions", "of", "approximately", "6-10", "mm", "with", "an", "eroded", "centre", "in", "the", "bilateral", "inguinal", "region", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "Serology", "for", "syphilis", ",", "PCR", "for", "other", "STIs", "and", "stool", "culture", "were", "requested", ",", "which", "were", "negative", ".", "Histopathological", "examination", "revealed", "spongiosis", "with", "exocytosis", "of", "neutrophils", "and", "lymphocytes", "and", "apoptotic", "keratinocytes", "at", "different", "levels", ".", "The", "granular", "layer", "is", "absent", "in", "some", "areas", ",", "coinciding", "with", "parakeratosis", ".", "In", "the", "dermis", "there", "is", "an", "inflammatory", "infiltrate", "of", "lymphohistiocytic", "cells", ",", "with", "some", "plasma", "cells", ",", "arranged", "around", "small", "vessels", "of", "the", "superficial", "capillary", "and", "interstitial", "plexus", "with", "a", "tendency", "to", "band-like", "arrangement", ".", "Diagnosis", "Pityriasis", "rosea", "inversa", ".", "Treatment", "Treatment", "with", "prednisone", "40", "mg", "/", "day", "was", "started", ".", "Evolution", "New", "lesions", "were", "added", "in", "the", "intergluteal", "area", "and", "there", "was", "an", "erythematous", ",", "chalky", "plaque", "on", "the", "scalp", "measuring", "about", "2", "cm", "in", "the", "left", "parietal", "region", ".", "One", "month", "after", "starting", "oral", "corticosteroids", ",", "the", "lesions", "stabilised", "and", "began", "to", "disappear", "without", "the", "appearance", "of", "new", "ones", ",", "so", "the", "corticosteroids", "were", "gradually", "reduced", "until", "they", "were", "discontinued", "." ]
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en
A 46-year-old female patient came to the emergency department with severe headache and tinnitus. In the past she had presented with symptoms of lesser intensity, for which she had been diagnosed with sinusitis. Based on the guidelines of the American College of Radiology, an urgent cranial CT scan was recommended1 . 1 The CT scan showed an occupied left sphenoid sinus (hydro-aerial level), extensive pneumatization of the sphenoid sinuses and a bony defect in the lateral portion of the roof of the sphenoid sinus. Other findings were an empty sella turcica and prominent arachnoid granulations in the greater wings of the sphenoid. The study was extended with a scheduled cranial MRI, which detected a temporal meningocele crossing the bony defect. The diagnosis was spontaneous meningocele/CSF fistula with intracranial hypertension syndrome (IHS).
[ "A", "46-year-old", "female", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "severe", "headache", "and", "tinnitus", ".", "In", "the", "past", "she", "had", "presented", "with", "symptoms", "of", "lesser", "intensity", ",", "for", "which", "she", "had", "been", "diagnosed", "with", "sinusitis", ".", "Based", "on", "the", "guidelines", "of", "the", "American", "College", "of", "Radiology", ",", "an", "urgent", "cranial", "CT", "scan", "was", "recommended1", ".", "1", "The", "CT", "scan", "showed", "an", "occupied", "left", "sphenoid", "sinus", "(", "hydro-aerial", "level", ")", ",", "extensive", "pneumatization", "of", "the", "sphenoid", "sinuses", "and", "a", "bony", "defect", "in", "the", "lateral", "portion", "of", "the", "roof", "of", "the", "sphenoid", "sinus", ".", "Other", "findings", "were", "an", "empty", "sella", "turcica", "and", "prominent", "arachnoid", "granulations", "in", "the", "greater", "wings", "of", "the", "sphenoid", ".", "The", "study", "was", "extended", "with", "a", "scheduled", "cranial", "MRI", ",", "which", "detected", "a", "temporal", "meningocele", "crossing", "the", "bony", "defect", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "was", "spontaneous", "meningocele", "/", "CSF", "fistula", "with", "intracranial", "hypertension", "syndrome", "(", "IHS", ")", "." ]
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[ { "text": "female patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 28 } ]
en
Anamnesis A 37-year-old man with no personal history of interest came for consultation with pustular lesions on the right hand of 4 months' evolution. He reported that 4 months earlier, during a visit to a zoo, he had been bitten by an albino tiger cub and had not undergone local treatment or antibiotic prophylaxis. The animal was healthy and correctly vaccinated according to the zoo veterinarian. After the wound had healed, progressive local desquamation of the skin appeared, followed shortly afterwards by papular lesions that evolved into pustules, progressively increasing in number and size. In the anamnesis by organs and apparatus, the patient reported no fever or other accompanying symptoms. Three days before coming to the clinic she had started empirical treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 500 mg/8 h v.o. without improvement. Physical examination On the dorsal ulnar border of the right hand there was an inflammatory erythematous plaque with well-defined borders and abundant yellowish pustules, extending to the palm. On the dorsum of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger, corresponding to the area of the bite, there is an increase in soft tissue with intense erythema, increased local temperature and pustules. No regional loco-regional lymphadenopathies are palpable. Complementary tests A skin biopsy of the area of increased inflammation revealed acute abscessifying inflammation in the dermis, predominantly in areas close to follicles, with the presence of filamentous fungal structures and accompanied by histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells, as well as a small granuloma. Bacterial culture of the biopsy, Lowenstein and Zhiel-Nielsen were negative. Fungal culture of the biopsy isolated Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Diagnosis Majocchi granuloma on the hand. Treatment Itraconazole 100 mg/12h and Ciclopirox olamine cream every 12h were started. Evolution The patient has evolved satisfactorily, with disappearance of the erythema and pustules after 6 weeks of treatment and persistence of discrete violaceous inflammation on the dorsum of the 1st phalanx of the 5th finger. Currently, she continues treatment for 3 months.
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en
Clinical history. Anamnesis 63-year-old woman with the following personal history: hypertension, rectal neoplasia treated with surgery, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and radiotherapy (complete remission), lymphoedema secondary to radiotherapy, McLeod's syndrome (peripheral neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, haemolytic anaemia with acanthosis and respiratory insufficiency) and venous insufficiency. Usual treatment: enalapril, levothyroxine, rocaltrol and mastical D. Admitted to Hospital Axarquía for asthenia and progressive oedema in both lower limbs, of 1 month's evolution. In the last 2 weeks, acute gastroenteritis (treated with ciprofloxacin) and in the last few days, erythematous lesions with increased temperature in the distal third of the right lower limb, suggestive of cellulitis. Occasionally, urinary incontinence, choluria and frothy urine, but she denies voiding syndrome. After being treated with furosemide and ceftriaxone i.v., peripheral oedema decreased but ascites increased. After this, an abdominal CT scan with contrast was performed and after 2 days, there was a further increase in oedema, oligoanuria and deterioration of renal function (Creatinine 1.6 mg/dl). For this reason she was transferred to the HRU Carlos Haya to complete the study. Physical examination BP: 116/70. Afebrile. Good general condition, conscious and oriented, eupneic at rest, well hydrated and perfused. Pulmonary auscultation showed crackles in the right base and hypoventilation in the left base. Abdomen: hepatomegaly, wall oedema in declivity and hypogastrium and ascites. Right lower limb: lymphoedema up to the thigh, with warm erythematous plaques in the pretibial area (suggestive of cellulitis). Left lower limb: oedema up to the thigh with no signs of DVT. Complementary tests Blood count: normal except for ESR 70 mm. Coagulation: normal. Biochemistry: Creatinine 1.24, cholesterol 226 (LDL 165), AST 110, ALT 39, FA 423, GGT 433, bilirubin normal. LDH 270, Calcium 6.8, phosphorus 3.9, total protein 4.1, albumin 2.3, sodium, potassium, chloride and CRP normal. Sediment with isolated urine: 50 red blood cells/field, protein 500mg/dl. Proteinogram: protein 4.2, albumin 2, beta globulin 0.4, gamma globulin 0.5, no monoclonal component observed. IgA 72, IgM 176, IgG 415. Ferritin 79, thyroid profile normal, anti-TPO and TSI negative, ANA, antiDNA and ANCAs negative as well as the rest of autoimmunity. Complement normal. HAV, HBV, HCV and HIV serology negative. CEA 5.9. 24h urine: volume 2400, proteins: 3538 mg, Na 109, K 52 and Calcium 72. Chest X-ray: loss of volume in left hemithorax which has increased with respect to previous X-ray. Abdominal ultrasound: left pleural effusion. Simple cyst in the left hepatic lobe. Slightly decreased kidney size with small parapelvic cysts already known previously. Moderate amount of fluid in the perihepatic, perisplenic and pelvic areas. Thoracoabdominal CT scan: gross calcifications in the thyroid gland. Mild-moderate pericardial effusion. Bilateral effusion of left predominance. Decreased size of the left pulmonary artery. Volume loss in left hemithorax without central obstructive cause. Multiple varicoid and cystic bronchiectasis, predominantly in the left lower lobe. Lesion suggestive of cyst in left hepatic lobe. Perihepatic and perisplenic fluid. Kidneys with increased attenuation. Tracheal diverticulum in the right posterolateral wall. Echocardiogram: severe left ventricular hypertrophy, with borderline systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction. Mild pericardial effusion surrounding the left atrium. Differential diagnosis It is a nephrotic syndrome with impaired renal function (without previous nephropathy), in the context of radiological study with contrast. With all these data, the following diagnostic options are considered on admission: Glomerular disease: - Minimal changes or lipoid nephrosis: usually more frequent in children between 2 and 10 years of age. So it is unlikely. - Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis: more frequent in adolescents. - Membranous nephropathy or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: <1% of cases. Within this group it is the most compatible with our case. Systemic disease: SLE, viral infections (HIV, hepatitis B and C), bacterial infections (streptococcal tonsillitis, etc.), vasculitis, multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, etc. These entities are the most compatible with the picture, but have already been ruled out with blood tests, except for multiple myeloma and amyloidosis. Therefore, further complementary tests should be carried out to confirm or rule out these last two processes. Complementary tests Renal biopsy: acellular nodular glomeruli with an impression of amyloidosis. The area of AA amyloid deposition stained brown by immunohistochemistry coincides with that of Kappa light chain deposition. In principle, this seems somewhat contradictory, as the two types of amyloid cannot be stained at the same time. The test is repeated, with the same results. Bone marrow biopsy: Myelogram: marrow with good clumps, cellularity, quite fat in some of the clumps. Presence of all populations in their various mature forms with plasma in 7% of the cellular total, of mature morphology and without the presence of intermediate lymphoid elements. J.C: haematopoietic marrow. Flow cytometry: 3% of plasma cells with abnormal phenotype, typical of myelomatous plasma cells, together with 0.2% of plasma cells with normal phenotype. Final diagnosis Primary amyloidosis with possible coexistence of AA amyloid (cardiac, renal, digestive and neuropathic infiltration). Evolution On admission, an ultrasound-guided renal biopsy was performed, which revealed AA amyloid deposits, as well as positive IF for Kappa chains. Laboratory tests showed: nephrotic proteinuria, presence of kappa light chains in urine. In blood, absence of monoclonal peak, but presence of kappa light chains and altered ratio. Global hypogammaglobulinaemia, with normal complements. Significant dissociated cholestasis pattern, severe increase in GGT and LDH. Based on these data, the haematology department was consulted and carried out a flow cytometry test, which reported the presence of 3% of plasma cells with an abnormal kappa phenotype. Finally, it was concluded that it was primary amyloidosis, with the possible coexistence of AA amyloid. Treatment was started with cyclophosphamide and steroids as indicated by the haematology department, with further check-ups in the outpatient haematology and nephrology departments.
[ "Clinical", "history", ".", "Anamnesis", "63-year-old", "woman", "with", "the", "following", "personal", "history", ":", "hypertension", ",", "rectal", "neoplasia", "treated", "with", "surgery", ",", "hypothyroidism", ",", "hypoparathyroidism", "and", "radiotherapy", "(", "complete", "remission", ")", ",", "lymphoedema", "secondary", "to", "radiotherapy", ",", "McLeod", "'", "s", "syndrome", "(", "peripheral", "neuropathy", ",", "cardiomyopathy", ",", "haemolytic", "anaemia", "with", "acanthosis", "and", "respiratory", "insufficiency", ")", "and", "venous", "insufficiency", ".", "Usual", "treatment", ":", "enalapril", ",", "levothyroxine", ",", "rocaltrol", "and", "mastical", "D", ".", "Admitted", "to", "Hospital", "Axarquía", "for", "asthenia", "and", "progressive", "oedema", "in", "both", "lower", "limbs", ",", "of", "1", "month", "'", "s", "evolution", ".", "In", "the", "last", "2", "weeks", ",", "acute", "gastroenteritis", "(", "treated", "with", "ciprofloxacin", ")", "and", "in", "the", "last", "few", "days", ",", "erythematous", "lesions", "with", "increased", "temperature", "in", "the", "distal", "third", "of", "the", "right", "lower", "limb", ",", "suggestive", "of", "cellulitis", ".", "Occasionally", ",", "urinary", "incontinence", ",", "choluria", "and", "frothy", "urine", ",", "but", "she", "denies", "voiding", "syndrome", ".", "After", "being", "treated", "with", "furosemide", "and", "ceftriaxone", "i", ".", "v", ".", ",", "peripheral", "oedema", "decreased", "but", "ascites", "increased", ".", "After", "this", ",", "an", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "with", "contrast", "was", "performed", "and", "after", "2", "days", ",", "there", "was", "a", "further", "increase", "in", "oedema", ",", "oligoanuria", "and", "deterioration", "of", "renal", "function", "(", "Creatinine", "1", ".", "6", "mg", "/", "dl", ")", ".", "For", "this", "reason", "she", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "HRU", "Carlos", "Haya", "to", "complete", "the", "study", ".", "Physical", "examination", "BP", ":", "116", "/", "70", ".", "Afebrile", ".", "Good", "general", "condition", ",", "conscious", "and", "oriented", ",", "eupneic", "at", "rest", ",", "well", "hydrated", "and", "perfused", ".", "Pulmonary", "auscultation", "showed", "crackles", "in", "the", "right", "base", "and", "hypoventilation", "in", "the", "left", "base", ".", "Abdomen", ":", "hepatomegaly", ",", "wall", "oedema", "in", "declivity", "and", "hypogastrium", "and", "ascites", ".", "Right", "lower", "limb", ":", "lymphoedema", "up", "to", "the", "thigh", ",", "with", "warm", "erythematous", "plaques", "in", "the", "pretibial", "area", "(", "suggestive", "of", "cellulitis", ")", ".", "Left", "lower", "limb", ":", "oedema", "up", "to", "the", "thigh", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "DVT", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "Blood", "count", ":", "normal", "except", "for", "ESR", "70", "mm", ".", "Coagulation", ":", "normal", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "Creatinine", "1", ".", "24", ",", "cholesterol", "226", "(", "LDL", "165", ")", ",", "AST", "110", ",", "ALT", "39", ",", "FA", "423", ",", "GGT", "433", ",", "bilirubin", "normal", ".", "LDH", "270", ",", "Calcium", "6", ".", "8", ",", "phosphorus", "3", ".", "9", ",", "total", "protein", "4", ".", "1", ",", "albumin", "2", ".", "3", ",", "sodium", ",", "potassium", ",", "chloride", "and", "CRP", "normal", ".", "Sediment", "with", "isolated", "urine", ":", "50", "red", "blood", "cells", "/", "field", ",", "protein", "500mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Proteinogram", ":", "protein", "4", ".", "2", ",", "albumin", "2", ",", "beta", "globulin", "0", ".", "4", ",", "gamma", "globulin", "0", ".", "5", ",", "no", "monoclonal", "component", "observed", ".", "IgA", "72", ",", "IgM", "176", ",", "IgG", "415", ".", "Ferritin", "79", ",", "thyroid", "profile", "normal", ",", "anti-TPO", "and", "TSI", "negative", ",", "ANA", ",", "antiDNA", "and", "ANCAs", "negative", "as", "well", "as", "the", "rest", "of", "autoimmunity", ".", "Complement", "normal", ".", "HAV", ",", "HBV", ",", "HCV", "and", "HIV", "serology", "negative", ".", "CEA", "5", ".", "9", ".", "24h", "urine", ":", "volume", "2400", ",", "proteins", ":", "3538", "mg", ",", "Na", "109", ",", "K", "52", "and", "Calcium", "72", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "loss", "of", "volume", "in", "left", "hemithorax", "which", "has", "increased", "with", "respect", "to", "previous", "X-ray", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", ":", "left", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "Simple", "cyst", "in", "the", "left", "hepatic", "lobe", ".", "Slightly", "decreased", "kidney", "size", "with", "small", "parapelvic", "cysts", "already", "known", "previously", ".", "Moderate", "amount", "of", "fluid", "in", "the", "perihepatic", ",", "perisplenic", "and", "pelvic", "areas", ".", "Thoracoabdominal", "CT", "scan", ":", "gross", "calcifications", "in", "the", "thyroid", "gland", ".", "Mild-moderate", "pericardial", "effusion", ".", "Bilateral", "effusion", "of", "left", "predominance", ".", "Decreased", "size", "of", "the", "left", "pulmonary", "artery", ".", "Volume", "loss", "in", "left", "hemithorax", "without", "central", "obstructive", "cause", ".", "Multiple", "varicoid", "and", "cystic", "bronchiectasis", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", ".", "Lesion", "suggestive", "of", "cyst", "in", "left", "hepatic", "lobe", ".", "Perihepatic", "and", "perisplenic", "fluid", ".", "Kidneys", "with", "increased", "attenuation", ".", "Tracheal", "diverticulum", "in", "the", "right", "posterolateral", "wall", ".", "Echocardiogram", ":", "severe", "left", "ventricular", "hypertrophy", ",", "with", "borderline", "systolic", "dysfunction", "and", "diastolic", "dysfunction", ".", "Mild", "pericardial", "effusion", "surrounding", "the", "left", "atrium", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "It", "is", "a", "nephrotic", "syndrome", "with", "impaired", "renal", "function", "(", "without", "previous", "nephropathy", ")", ",", "in", "the", "context", "of", "radiological", "study", "with", "contrast", ".", "With", "all", "these", "data", ",", "the", "following", "diagnostic", "options", "are", "considered", "on", "admission", ":", "Glomerular", "disease", ":", "-", "Minimal", "changes", "or", "lipoid", "nephrosis", ":", "usually", "more", "frequent", "in", "children", "between", "2", "and", "10", "years", "of", "age", ".", "So", "it", "is", "unlikely", ".", "-", "Focal", "and", "segmental", "glomerulosclerosis", ":", "more", "frequent", "in", "adolescents", ".", "-", "Membranous", "nephropathy", "or", "membranoproliferative", "glomerulonephritis", ":", "<", "1", "%", "of", "cases", ".", "Within", "this", "group", "it", "is", "the", "most", "compatible", "with", "our", "case", ".", "Systemic", "disease", ":", "SLE", ",", "viral", "infections", "(", "HIV", ",", "hepatitis", "B", "and", "C", ")", ",", "bacterial", "infections", "(", "streptococcal", "tonsillitis", ",", "etc", ".", ")", ",", "vasculitis", ",", "multiple", "myeloma", ",", "amyloidosis", ",", "etc", ".", "These", "entities", "are", "the", "most", "compatible", "with", "the", "picture", ",", "but", "have", "already", "been", "ruled", "out", "with", "blood", "tests", ",", "except", "for", "multiple", "myeloma", "and", "amyloidosis", ".", "Therefore", ",", "further", "complementary", "tests", "should", "be", "carried", "out", "to", "confirm", "or", "rule", "out", "these", "last", "two", "processes", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "Renal", "biopsy", ":", "acellular", "nodular", "glomeruli", "with", "an", "impression", "of", "amyloidosis", ".", "The", "area", "of", "AA", "amyloid", "deposition", "stained", "brown", "by", "immunohistochemistry", "coincides", "with", "that", "of", "Kappa", "light", "chain", "deposition", ".", "In", "principle", ",", "this", "seems", "somewhat", "contradictory", ",", "as", "the", "two", "types", "of", "amyloid", "cannot", "be", "stained", "at", "the", "same", "time", ".", "The", "test", "is", "repeated", ",", "with", "the", "same", "results", ".", "Bone", "marrow", "biopsy", ":", "Myelogram", ":", "marrow", "with", "good", "clumps", ",", "cellularity", ",", "quite", "fat", "in", "some", "of", "the", "clumps", ".", "Presence", "of", "all", "populations", "in", "their", "various", "mature", "forms", "with", "plasma", "in", "7", "%", "of", "the", "cellular", "total", ",", "of", "mature", "morphology", "and", "without", "the", "presence", "of", "intermediate", "lymphoid", "elements", ".", "J", ".", "C", ":", "haematopoietic", "marrow", ".", "Flow", "cytometry", ":", "3", "%", "of", "plasma", "cells", "with", "abnormal", "phenotype", ",", "typical", "of", "myelomatous", "plasma", "cells", ",", "together", "with", "0", ".", "2", "%", "of", "plasma", "cells", "with", "normal", "phenotype", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Primary", "amyloidosis", "with", "possible", "coexistence", "of", "AA", "amyloid", "(", "cardiac", ",", "renal", ",", "digestive", "and", "neuropathic", "infiltration", ")", ".", "Evolution", "On", "admission", ",", "an", "ultrasound-guided", "renal", "biopsy", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "revealed", "AA", "amyloid", "deposits", ",", "as", "well", "as", "positive", "IF", "for", "Kappa", "chains", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", ":", "nephrotic", "proteinuria", ",", "presence", "of", "kappa", "light", "chains", "in", "urine", ".", "In", "blood", ",", "absence", "of", "monoclonal", "peak", ",", "but", "presence", "of", "kappa", "light", "chains", "and", "altered", "ratio", ".", "Global", "hypogammaglobulinaemia", ",", "with", "normal", "complements", ".", "Significant", "dissociated", "cholestasis", "pattern", ",", "severe", "increase", "in", "GGT", "and", "LDH", ".", "Based", "on", "these", "data", ",", "the", "haematology", "department", "was", "consulted", "and", "carried", "out", "a", "flow", "cytometry", "test", ",", "which", "reported", "the", "presence", "of", "3", "%", "of", "plasma", "cells", "with", "an", "abnormal", "kappa", "phenotype", ".", "Finally", ",", "it", "was", "concluded", "that", "it", "was", "primary", "amyloidosis", ",", "with", "the", "possible", "coexistence", "of", "AA", "amyloid", ".", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "cyclophosphamide", "and", "steroids", "as", "indicated", "by", "the", "haematology", "department", ",", "with", "further", "check-ups", "in", "the", "outpatient", "haematology", "and", "nephrology", "departments", "." ]
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 40, "end": 45 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 65, "end": 73 }, { "text": "HAV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2445, "end": 2448 }, { "text": "HBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2450, "end": 2453 }, { "text": "HCV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2455, "end": 2458 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2463, "end": 2466 }, { "text": "children", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3927, "end": 3935 }, { "text": "adolescents", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 4045, "end": 4056 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4242, "end": 4245 }, { "text": "viral", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4224, "end": 4229 }, { "text": "hepatitis B", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4247, "end": 4258 }, { "text": "hepatitis B and C", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4247, "end": 4264 } ]
en
An 81-year-old man with a history of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and atrial fibrillation under treatment and a recent trip to South Africa. He was admitted with a fever of five days' evolution together with multiple vesicular punctate lesions of different morphology on the lower extremities, as well as a right buttocks eschar of black colour surrounded by erythema. The results of the complementary study showed slight alteration of transaminases together with neutrophilia and elevated CRP, with X-rays without relevant alterations. Blood cultures, malaria test and Giemsa stain were requested and were negative, as well as serology for HAV, HBV, HCV, HIV, coxiella burnetti, borrelia burgdorferi and leishmania, with positive serology for Rickettsia. In this patient, given the clinical presentation and the history of a trip to a Rickettsia endemic area with positive serology, it was decided to start treatment with doxycycline, with disappearance of the fever, and he was found to be asymptomatic on discharge. Firstly, the patient tested positive for Rickettsia conorii by cross-reaction, and later tested positive for Rickettsia africana (when the samples were sent to the reference centre). African tick-borne fever should be considered in patients with suggestive symptoms and a history of travel to susceptible areas, as it is one of the most frequently imported rickettsial diseases. African tick bite fever caused by Ricketttsia africana is mainly established in rural areas of sub-Saharan countries and Caribbean islands, transmitted by vectors (Amblyomma hebraeum and A. variegatum ticks) with an average incubation period of 7 days. The clinical presentation consists mainly of fever, headache with eschar and regional lymphadenopathy.
[ "An", "81-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "history", "of", "hypertension", ",", "dyslipidaemia", "and", "atrial", "fibrillation", "under", "treatment", "and", "a", "recent", "trip", "to", "South", "Africa", ".", "He", "was", "admitted", "with", "a", "fever", "of", "five", "days", "'", "evolution", "together", "with", "multiple", "vesicular", "punctate", "lesions", "of", "different", "morphology", "on", "the", "lower", "extremities", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "right", "buttocks", "eschar", "of", "black", "colour", "surrounded", "by", "erythema", ".", "The", "results", "of", "the", "complementary", "study", "showed", "slight", "alteration", "of", "transaminases", "together", "with", "neutrophilia", "and", "elevated", "CRP", ",", "with", "X-rays", "without", "relevant", "alterations", ".", "Blood", "cultures", ",", "malaria", "test", "and", "Giemsa", "stain", "were", "requested", "and", "were", "negative", ",", "as", "well", "as", "serology", "for", "HAV", ",", "HBV", ",", "HCV", ",", "HIV", ",", "coxiella", "burnetti", ",", "borrelia", "burgdorferi", "and", "leishmania", ",", "with", "positive", "serology", "for", "Rickettsia", ".", "In", "this", "patient", ",", "given", "the", "clinical", "presentation", "and", "the", "history", "of", "a", "trip", "to", "a", "Rickettsia", "endemic", "area", "with", "positive", "serology", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "start", "treatment", "with", "doxycycline", ",", "with", "disappearance", "of", "the", "fever", ",", "and", "he", "was", "found", "to", "be", "asymptomatic", "on", "discharge", ".", "Firstly", ",", "the", "patient", "tested", "positive", "for", "Rickettsia", "conorii", "by", "cross-reaction", ",", "and", "later", "tested", "positive", "for", "Rickettsia", "africana", "(", "when", "the", "samples", "were", "sent", "to", "the", "reference", "centre", ")", ".", "African", "tick-borne", "fever", "should", "be", "considered", "in", "patients", "with", "suggestive", "symptoms", "and", "a", "history", "of", "travel", "to", "susceptible", "areas", ",", "as", "it", "is", "one", "of", "the", "most", "frequently", "imported", "rickettsial", "diseases", ".", "African", "tick", "bite", "fever", "caused", "by", "Ricketttsia", "africana", "is", "mainly", "established", "in", "rural", "areas", "of", "sub-Saharan", "countries", "and", "Caribbean", "islands", ",", "transmitted", "by", "vectors", "(", "Amblyomma", "hebraeum", "and", "A", ".", "variegatum", "ticks", ")", "with", "an", "average", "incubation", "period", "of", "7", "days", ".", "The", "clinical", "presentation", "consists", "mainly", "of", "fever", ",", "headache", "with", "eschar", "and", "regional", "lymphadenopathy", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Rickettsia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 744, "end": 754 }, { "text": "Rickettsia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 836, "end": 846 }, { "text": "HAV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 641, "end": 644 }, { "text": "HBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 646, "end": 649 }, { "text": "HCV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 651, "end": 654 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 656, "end": 659 }, { "text": "borrelia burgdorferi", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 680, "end": 700 }, { "text": "coxiella burnetti", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 661, "end": 678 }, { "text": "leishmania", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 705, "end": 715 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 764, "end": 771 }, { "text": "Rickettsia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1061, "end": 1071 }, { "text": "Rickettsia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1129, "end": 1139 }, { "text": "Rickettsia africana", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1129, "end": 1148 }, { "text": "Rickettsia conorii", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1061, "end": 1079 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1033, "end": 1040 }, { "text": "Amblyomma hebraeum", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1564, "end": 1582 }, { "text": "African tick", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1204, "end": 1216 }, { "text": "African tick", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1400, "end": 1412 }, { "text": "patients", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1253, "end": 1261 }, { "text": "vectors", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1555, "end": 1562 }, { "text": "A. variegatum", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1587, "end": 1600 }, { "text": "Ricketttsia africana", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1434, "end": 1454 }, { "text": "ticks", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1601, "end": 1606 } ]
en
A 21 year old male, who was involuntarily admitted to the psychiatric hospitalisation unit after presenting with the first psychotic episode due to cannabis consumption. According to the father, a progressive abandonment of activities (work, leisure) and affective relationships (friendships) is observed, with the patient finding himself in a situation of isolation, inactivity and apathy in the last 6 months. Likewise, behavioural alterations have increased, with heteroaggressiveness at home and psychotic symptoms; delusions of harm, centred on the family environment. As well as the presence of auditory hallucinations. EVALUATION HEALTH PERCEPTION/MAINTENANCE PATTERN Neglected physical appearance. No awareness of illness. Toxic habits: Cannabis smoker since the age of 15, reaching quantities of about 8 joints a day. Intranasal cocaine user since the age of 18, sporadically (recreational use at weekends). No known allergies NUTRITIONAL/METABOLIC PATTERN: Weight: 60 kg Height: 1"75m BMI: 19"5 (Normopeso). Inadequate nutrition due to delusions of harm in the family environment (ideas of poisoning). Occasional vomiting, coinciding with delirious activity (verbalised by the patient). Significant weight loss in recent months. ELIMINATION/EXCHANGE PATTERN Mixed continent. Adequate bowel rhythm: every 3 days. No use of laxatives ACTIVITY/EXERCISE PATTERN Self-care: needs supervision for toileting/hygiene although able to perform tasks without assistance. Leisure activities: verbalises anhedonia. Shows no interest in any activity. Mobility: slowed pace. SLEEP - REST PATTERN Sleeping hours: 9 hours. Sleep pattern currently preserved, requiring occasional hypnotic medication. Other breaks: 1 hour nap daily. COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN Conscious and oriented in all three spheres. Alert; uncooperative Thought content: delusions of harm. Auditory hallucinatory phenomena and delusional interpretations of harm are observed. Language poor in content, verbalising feelings of anhedonia, as well as abulia. Slowed course of thought; a delusional ideation of harm is observed, as well as self-referential experiences and auditory hallucinations with emotional and behavioural repercussions (irritability, heteroaggressiveness, isolation, withdrawal from activities and social interaction). SELF-PERCEPTION - SELF-CONCEPT PATTERN Emotional reactivity: apathy, abulia. No ideas of self-harm or death. ROLE PATTERN - RELATIONSHIPS Lives with his father and siblings in the family home. He is the eldest of three siblings. Conflict in family relationships, due to the ideas of harm and heteroaggressiveness that he presents. At an academic level, he finished primary school. Currently unemployed. Previously worked in different jobs in parcel delivery companies. SEXUALITY - REPRODUCTION PATTERN Currently without a partner. Previously risky behaviour: several sexual partners at the same time. No use of STD protection. COPING PATTERN - STRESS TOLERANCE Stress trigger: delusional thoughts/ideas and auditory hallucinations. Does not adopt coping strategies due to inability to cope effectively. Has difficulty with problem solving and few coping strategies to deal with stressful situations. VALUES/BELIEFS PATTERN No alterations in this pattern
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"/", "MAINTENANCE", "PATTERN", "Neglected", "physical", "appearance", ".", "No", "awareness", "of", "illness", ".", "Toxic", "habits", ":", "Cannabis", "smoker", "since", "the", "age", "of", "15", ",", "reaching", "quantities", "of", "about", "8", "joints", "a", "day", ".", "Intranasal", "cocaine", "user", "since", "the", "age", "of", "18", ",", "sporadically", "(", "recreational", "use", "at", "weekends", ")", ".", "No", "known", "allergies", "NUTRITIONAL", "/", "METABOLIC", "PATTERN", ":", "Weight", ":", "60", "kg", "Height", ":", "1", "\"", "75m", "BMI", ":", "19", "\"", "5", "(", "Normopeso", ")", ".", "Inadequate", "nutrition", "due", "to", "delusions", "of", "harm", "in", "the", "family", "environment", "(", "ideas", "of", "poisoning", ")", ".", "Occasional", "vomiting", ",", "coinciding", "with", "delirious", "activity", "(", "verbalised", "by", "the", "patient", ")", ".", "Significant", "weight", "loss", "in", "recent", "months", ".", "ELIMINATION", "/", "EXCHANGE", "PATTERN", "Mixed", "continent", ".", "Adequate", "bowel", "rhythm", ":", "every", "3", "days", ".", "No", "use", "of", "laxatives", "ACTIVITY", "/", "EXERCISE", "PATTERN", "Self-care", ":", "needs", "supervision", "for", "toileting", "/", "hygiene", "although", "able", "to", "perform", "tasks", "without", "assistance", ".", "Leisure", "activities", ":", "verbalises", "anhedonia", ".", "Shows", "no", "interest", "in", "any", "activity", ".", "Mobility", ":", "slowed", "pace", ".", "SLEEP", "-", "REST", "PATTERN", "Sleeping", "hours", ":", "9", "hours", ".", "Sleep", "pattern", "currently", "preserved", ",", "requiring", "occasional", "hypnotic", "medication", ".", "Other", "breaks", ":", "1", "hour", "nap", "daily", ".", "COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL", "PATTERN", "Conscious", "and", "oriented", "in", "all", "three", "spheres", ".", "Alert", ";", "uncooperative", "Thought", "content", ":", "delusions", "of", "harm", ".", "Auditory", "hallucinatory", "phenomena", "and", "delusional", "interpretations", "of", "harm", "are", "observed", ".", "Language", "poor", "in", "content", ",", "verbalising", "feelings", "of", "anhedonia", ",", "as", "well", "as", "abulia", ".", "Slowed", "course", "of", "thought", ";", "a", "delusional", "ideation", "of", "harm", "is", "observed", ",", "as", "well", "as", "self-referential", "experiences", "and", "auditory", "hallucinations", "with", "emotional", "and", "behavioural", "repercussions", "(", "irritability", ",", "heteroaggressiveness", ",", "isolation", ",", "withdrawal", "from", "activities", "and", "social", "interaction", ")", ".", "SELF-PERCEPTION", "-", "SELF-CONCEPT", "PATTERN", "Emotional", "reactivity", ":", "apathy", ",", "abulia", ".", "No", "ideas", "of", "self-harm", "or", "death", ".", "ROLE", "PATTERN", "-", "RELATIONSHIPS", "Lives", "with", "his", "father", "and", "siblings", "in", "the", "family", "home", ".", "He", "is", "the", "eldest", "of", "three", "siblings", ".", "Conflict", "in", "family", "relationships", ",", "due", "to", "the", "ideas", "of", "harm", "and", "heteroaggressiveness", "that", "he", "presents", ".", "At", "an", "academic", "level", ",", "he", "finished", "primary", "school", ".", "Currently", "unemployed", ".", "Previously", "worked", "in", "different", "jobs", "in", "parcel", "delivery", "companies", ".", "SEXUALITY", "-", "REPRODUCTION", "PATTERN", "Currently", "without", "a", "partner", ".", "Previously", "risky", "behaviour", ":", "several", "sexual", "partners", "at", "the", "same", "time", ".", "No", "use", "of", "STD", "protection", ".", "COPING", "PATTERN", "-", "STRESS", "TOLERANCE", "Stress", "trigger", ":", "delusional", "thoughts", "/", "ideas", "and", "auditory", "hallucinations", ".", "Does", "not", "adopt", "coping", "strategies", "due", "to", "inability", "to", "cope", "effectively", ".", "Has", "difficulty", "with", "problem", "solving", "and", "few", "coping", "strategies", "to", "deal", "with", "stressful", "situations", ".", "VALUES", "/", "BELIEFS", "PATTERN", "No", 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en
Anamnesis 44-year-old male, with chronic enolic habit (40g/day) and history of CDC group A2 HIV-1 infection diagnosed in 1993, on treatment with tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirez with undetectable viral load and CD4=846 cells/ μl, as well as chronic hepatitis C, genotype 4 of recent diagnosis (untreated), who was referred to the dermatology department for presenting blisters on the back of the hands that had been evolving for 4 months in the context of minor trauma in this area, which had broken, resulting in wounds that healed leaving scars. Physical examination Examination revealed the presence of tense blisters of serous content measuring 0.51cm on the dorsum of the hands and both forearms, as well as superficial erosions and serohaematic crusts. He had an isolated lesion of similar characteristics on the auricles. The patient had an isolated lesion of similar characteristics on the auricular pavilions. There were also residual atrophic scars with hypopigmentation in the periphery and some millium cysts. On the face, at the periocular level and on both cheeks, there was melasma-type pigmentation and slight malar hypertrichosis. Complementary examinations - Biochemistry: GPT 80 (5-45 U/l), GOT 49 (5-37 U/l), GGT 117 (8-61 U/l). Glucose, cholesterol, renal function and ions without alterations. - Haemogram: Hb 17.2 g/dl, haematocrit 49.6 (39.1-49.7%). - Iron profile: Iron 192 (59-158 μg/dl), Ferritin 440 (30-400ng/ml), Transferrin 230 (200360mg/dl), % transferrin saturation 53 (20-50%). Cerulopasmin 27 (15-30 mg/dl). Alpha-1-antitrypsin 150 (90-200mg/dl). - Serology: Positive for HCV with detectable viral load (14.00IU/ml) and positive for HIV with undetectable viral load. Other serologies negative. - Porphyrins in 24-hour urine: Screening total porphyrins 4773 (10-200) with the presence of a high intensity peak at 623nm in the fluorometric scan. Coproporphyrins 1709 (< 150 μg/gr), Uroporphyrins 3064 (< 30 μg/gr), Delta-aminolevulinic acid 5.52 (< 7.50 mg/l), Porphobilinogen 1.31 (< 2.50 mg/l). - Total plasma porphyrins: 9.5 (0.1 μg/dl). - Histological study of a blistering lesion showed a subepidermal blister surrounded by mixed inflammatory infiltrate as well as PAS-positive deposition of fibrillar material at perivascular level in superficial dermis. Immunofluorescence revealed IgG deposition in the vessel walls. Diagnosis Based on clinical, analytical and histological features the patient was diagnosed with Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT). Treatment After diagnosis the patient was referred to the infectious disease unit where treatment for Hepatitis C was started with interferon alpha and ribavirin. We insisted on the importance of eliminating clinical triggers (trauma, alcohol consumption) and on the use of photoprotection. On the other hand, given the presence of alterations in the ferrokinetic profile, we recommend periodic bleeding every 15 days. Evolution After 4 months of treatment, serological cure of the Hepatitis C was observed, maintaining an undetectable viral load to date, as well as normalisation of the ferrokinetic profile and great improvement in the porphyria with practically complete resolution of the skin lesions and progressive reduction of the profirin levels in blood and urine.
[ "Anamnesis", "44-year-old", "male", ",", "with", "chronic", "enolic", "habit", "(", "40g", "/", "day", ")", "and", "history", "of", "CDC", "group", "A2", "HIV-1", "infection", "diagnosed", "in", "1993", ",", "on", "treatment", "with", "tenofovir", ",", "emtricitabine", "and", "efavirez", "with", "undetectable", "viral", "load", "and", "CD4", "=", "846", "cells", "/", "μl", ",", "as", "well", "as", "chronic", "hepatitis", "C", ",", "genotype", "4", "of", "recent", "diagnosis", "(", "untreated", ")", ",", "who", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "dermatology", "department", "for", "presenting", "blisters", "on", "the", "back", "of", "the", "hands", "that", "had", "been", "evolving", "for", "4", "months", "in", "the", "context", "of", "minor", "trauma", "in", "this", "area", ",", "which", "had", "broken", ",", "resulting", "in", "wounds", "that", "healed", "leaving", "scars", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Examination", "revealed", "the", "presence", "of", "tense", "blisters", "of", "serous", "content", "measuring", "0", ".", "51cm", "on", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "hands", "and", "both", "forearms", ",", "as", "well", "as", "superficial", "erosions", "and", "serohaematic", "crusts", ".", "He", "had", "an", "isolated", "lesion", "of", "similar", "characteristics", "on", "the", "auricles", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "an", "isolated", "lesion", "of", "similar", "characteristics", "on", "the", "auricular", "pavilions", ".", "There", "were", "also", "residual", "atrophic", "scars", "with", "hypopigmentation", "in", "the", "periphery", "and", "some", "millium", "cysts", ".", "On", "the", "face", ",", "at", "the", "periocular", "level", "and", "on", "both", "cheeks", ",", "there", "was", "melasma-type", "pigmentation", "and", "slight", "malar", "hypertrichosis", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "-", "Biochemistry", ":", "GPT", "80", "(", "5-45", "U", "/", "l", ")", ",", "GOT", "49", "(", "5-37", "U", "/", "l", ")", ",", "GGT", "117", "(", "8-61", "U", "/", "l", ")", ".", "Glucose", ",", "cholesterol", ",", "renal", "function", "and", "ions", "without", "alterations", ".", "-", "Haemogram", ":", "Hb", "17", ".", "2", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "haematocrit", "49", ".", "6", "(", "39", ".", "1-49", ".", "7", "%", ")", ".", "-", "Iron", "profile", ":", "Iron", "192", "(", "59-158", "μg", "/", "dl", ")", ",", "Ferritin", "440", "(", "30-400ng", "/", "ml", ")", ",", "Transferrin", "230", "(", "200360mg", "/", "dl", ")", ",", "%", "transferrin", "saturation", "53", "(", "20-50", "%", ")", ".", "Cerulopasmin", "27", "(", "15-30", "mg", "/", "dl", ")", ".", "Alpha-1-antitrypsin", "150", "(", "90-200mg", "/", "dl", ")", ".", "-", "Serology", ":", "Positive", "for", "HCV", "with", "detectable", "viral", "load", "(", "14", ".", "00IU", "/", "ml", ")", "and", "positive", "for", "HIV", "with", "undetectable", "viral", "load", ".", "Other", "serologies", "negative", ".", "-", "Porphyrins", "in", "24-hour", "urine", ":", "Screening", "total", "porphyrins", "4773", "(", "10-200", ")", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "high", "intensity", "peak", "at", "623nm", "in", "the", "fluorometric", "scan", ".", "Coproporphyrins", "1709", "(", "<", "150", "μg", "/", "gr", ")", ",", "Uroporphyrins", "3064", "(", "<", "30", "μg", "/", "gr", ")", ",", "Delta-aminolevulinic", "acid", "5", ".", "52", "(", "<", "7", ".", "50", "mg", "/", "l", ")", ",", "Porphobilinogen", "1", ".", "31", "(", "<", "2", ".", "50", "mg", "/", "l", ")", ".", "-", "Total", "plasma", "porphyrins", ":", "9", ".", "5", "(", "0", ".", "1", "μg", "/", "dl", ")", ".", "-", "Histological", "study", "of", "a", "blistering", "lesion", "showed", "a", "subepidermal", "blister", "surrounded", "by", "mixed", "inflammatory", "infiltrate", "as", "well", "as", "PAS-positive", "deposition", "of", "fibrillar", "material", "at", "perivascular", "level", "in", "superficial", "dermis", ".", "Immunofluorescence", "revealed", "IgG", "deposition", "in", "the", "vessel", "walls", ".", "Diagnosis", "Based", "on", "clinical", ",", "analytical", "and", "histological", "features", "the", "patient", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "Porphyria", "Cutanea", "Tarda", "(", "PCT", ")", ".", "Treatment", "After", "diagnosis", "the", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "infectious", "disease", "unit", "where", "treatment", "for", "Hepatitis", "C", "was", "started", "with", "interferon", "alpha", "and", "ribavirin", ".", "We", "insisted", "on", "the", "importance", "of", "eliminating", "clinical", "triggers", "(", "trauma", ",", "alcohol", "consumption", ")", "and", "on", "the", "use", "of", "photoprotection", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "given", "the", "presence", "of", "alterations", "in", "the", "ferrokinetic", "profile", ",", "we", "recommend", "periodic", "bleeding", "every", "15", "days", ".", "Evolution", "After", "4", "months", "of", "treatment", ",", "serological", "cure", "of", "the", "Hepatitis", "C", "was", "observed", ",", "maintaining", "an", "undetectable", "viral", "load", "to", "date", ",", "as", "well", "as", "normalisation", "of", "the", "ferrokinetic", "profile", "and", "great", "improvement", "in", "the", "porphyria", "with", "practically", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "skin", "lesions", "and", "progressive", "reduction", "of", "the", "profirin", "levels", "in", "blood", "and", "urine", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis and physical examination The patient is 63 years old, a taxi driver by profession, with a personal history of hypertension, hyperuricaemia, dyslipidaemia and non-insulin-dependent type II diabetes mellitus. He presented with more than a year's history of lesions on his face, which he reported were very pruritic. In addition, her condition worsened with exposure to the sun and alcoholic beverages. He denied having introduced new treatments, having other family members affected by a similar dermatosis, living with children or animals, as well as travelling abroad in recent years. He had been treated at the primary care centre with various topicals whose name he could not remember, with occasional improvement, and for the last month with betamethasone dipropionate ointment first, and then with ketoconazole cream. However, the worsening of her symptoms became noticeable over the last few weeks and was unbearable, and she consulted the emergency department. The dermatological examination showed a profusion of infiltrated erythematous papules, in some areas with associated slight desquamation, scattered over both hemicaras, predominantly on the left. Some of the lesions had a subtle annular arrangement on the periphery of the face, and isolated intermingled vesicles could also be seen. Diagnosis and treatment Although the initial diagnostic impression was of possible rosacea or seborrhoeic dermatitis, due to the tendency of some of the lesions to be annular, although not very noticeable, the larval nature of the process and the lack of response to topical corticosteroid treatment, it was decided to take a scraping sample for direct examination with KOH and fungal culture. For the following two weeks, treatment with primecrolimus 1% cream once daily was prescribed, with only partial improvement in symptoms. The fungal culture then showed the growth of Trichopyton Tonsurans species, and the final diagnosis of incognito tinea facialis or Tinea Faciei incognito was established. With the suspension of primecrolimus cream and an oral regimen of terbinafine, 250 mg per day for 4 weeks, all the skin lesions disappeared, as well as the associated pruritus and photosensitivity.
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en
Girl, 4 years old, referred for dermatitis. No history of allergies. Atopic dermatitis. At the age of 2 years, she began with episodes of micropapular, vesicular, exudative lesions that evolved with desquamation on the feet. Occasionally she presented with more extensive generalised outbreaks with facial involvement. She underwent treatment prescribed by dermatology with oral or topical corticosteroids with Diprogenta® and Elidel®, with improvement but a recurrence that has been persistent on the dorsum of the feet for some months. No usual respiratory symptoms were reported. Allergological study: Tests with foods: egg, peanut, lentil, kiwi, wheat flour: negative. Tests with aeroallergens: dpt, alternaria, cat dog, phleum, profilin and latex: negative. Patch tests: GEIDAC standard battery and shoe battery: positive at 96 hours with chromium and cobalt (++) and neomycin sulphate and quaternium (+). Conclusions: We present the case of a 4-year-old girl, diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, with persistent symptoms of eczematous dermatitis on the dorsum of the feet.
[ "Girl", ",", "4", "years", "old", ",", "referred", "for", "dermatitis", ".", "No", "history", "of", "allergies", ".", "Atopic", "dermatitis", ".", "At", "the", "age", "of", "2", "years", ",", "she", "began", "with", "episodes", "of", "micropapular", ",", "vesicular", ",", "exudative", "lesions", "that", "evolved", "with", "desquamation", "on", "the", "feet", ".", "Occasionally", "she", "presented", "with", "more", "extensive", "generalised", "outbreaks", "with", "facial", "involvement", ".", "She", "underwent", "treatment", "prescribed", "by", "dermatology", "with", "oral", "or", "topical", "corticosteroids", "with", "Diprogenta", "®", "and", "Elidel", "®", ",", "with", "improvement", "but", "a", "recurrence", "that", "has", "been", "persistent", "on", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "feet", "for", "some", "months", ".", "No", "usual", "respiratory", "symptoms", "were", "reported", ".", "Allergological", "study", ":", "Tests", "with", "foods", ":", "egg", ",", "peanut", ",", "lentil", ",", "kiwi", ",", "wheat", "flour", ":", "negative", ".", "Tests", "with", "aeroallergens", ":", "dpt", ",", "alternaria", ",", "cat", "dog", ",", "phleum", ",", "profilin", "and", "latex", ":", "negative", ".", "Patch", "tests", ":", "GEIDAC", "standard", "battery", "and", "shoe", "battery", ":", "positive", "at", "96", "hours", "with", "chromium", "and", "cobalt", "(", "+", "+", ")", "and", "neomycin", "sulphate", "and", "quaternium", "(", "+", ")", ".", "Conclusions", ":", "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "4-year-old", "girl", ",", "diagnosed", "with", "atopic", "dermatitis", ",", "with", "persistent", "symptoms", "of", "eczematous", "dermatitis", "on", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "feet", "." ]
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en
44-year-old male with no known drug allergies. Ex-smoker for 8 years. His personal history included HIV infection stage C2 with undetectable viral load since August 2017, last CD4 count in May 2018 of 536 cells/mm3 (16%), under follow-up by the Infectious Diseases Service of our hospital. His past history also included a cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma in remission, under follow-up by oncology, a normal functioning goitre and chronic gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori infection that was treated and cured. The only epidemiological history was that the patient lived with a cat at home. He was being treated with FTC/TAF/EVG/COBI 1 tablet per day and omeprazole 20mg/day. The patient came to the emergency department with fever of 39oC, with cough and rusty expectoration, putrid in appearance, of two weeks' evolution, without improvement after antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 500/125 mg/8h for three days. On arrival at the ED, the patient was febrile (38.5oC), hypotensive (93/58 mmHg), tachycardic (111 spm), with O2 saturation of 98% without oxygen intake and eupneic at rest. On inspection, he was in fair general condition and was not sweating profusely. Cardiorespiratory examination revealed sinus tachycardia, no audible murmurs, preserved vesicular murmur and no extra sounds. The abdomen was soft, depressible, not painful on deep palpation, without masses or megaliths, no signs of peritonism or peritoneal irritation. The lower limbs were not oedematous and there were no signs of deep vein thrombosis. Oropharyngeal examination was unremarkable. No skin lesions. Complementary tests performed in the ED showed a leukocytosis of 20,840 cells/μl at the expense of neutrophils (17,650 cells/μl), haemoglobin of 11.6 g/ dl, with normal platelet count and coagulation. Biochemically, he had preserved renal function and a normal ionogram, with a C-reactive protein of 294 mg/L. Chest X-ray showed a large cavitary lesion in the left lower lobe, with thickened walls and spiculated borders, without costophrenic sinus impingement or other condensed images. Chest X-ray on admission: cavitated lesion in the left lower lobe. Blood cultures, sputum culture, Legionella spp and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigenuria in urine and urgent smear microscopy with Ziehl-Neelsen staining were negative. In view of the patient's clinical condition, it was decided to admit him to the infectious diseases department with a diagnosis of lung abscess of possible bacterial aetiology, and treatment was started with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 2g/200mg IV every 8 hours. Differential diagnosis The diagnosis of lung abscess is mainly based on a detailed anamnesis, careful examination and obtaining compatible images, with radiological and microbiological studies being fundamental to reach a diagnosis of certainty. The most characteristic radiological image is usually a cavitated parenchymal infiltrate, usually with a hydro-aerial level, although multiple bilateral cavitated lesions may also appear, so it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis that includes the following entities: - Bacterial infections: in primary lung abscesses there is almost always a risk factor for aspiration of oral contents (periodontal disease, dental abscess, dental surgery, dental surgery, substance abuse, alcoholism, epilepsy, stroke with oropharyngeal dysfunction, sinusitis, general anaesthesia, dysphagia, tracheal/nasogastric tube, severe gastrointestinal reflux disease or cerebral palsy). They are usually caused by anaerobic germs such as Prevotella spp, Bacteroides spp, Peptostreptococcus spp, Streptococcus milleri, or microaerophilic streptococci. Our patient did not present any risk factor that would lead us to think of a possible bronchoaspiration, so this aetiology was unlikely. In contrast, in secondary lung abscesses, there is usually an underlying immune compromise, as was the case in our patient. In this case, the aetiology differs from primary abscesses and may be caused by: Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacilli (P. aeruginosa, other enterobacteria) or opportunistic pathogens such as Nocardia spp., Legionella spp. or Rhodococcus equi. - Fungal infections: in immunocompromised patients, as is the case here, infections caused by opportunistic fungi such as Aspergillus spp. and Zygomycetes spp. must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis. - Embolic lesions: endocarditis over the tricuspid valve (often by Staphylococcus aureus) or in Lemièrre's syndrome, where infection starts in the pharynx, almost always by Fusobacterium necrophorum, and then spreads to the neck and carotid sheath to cause septic thrombophlebitis and multiple pulmonary embolisms, are characteristic. In our case the patient had no audible murmurs or signs of oropharyngeal infection that would lead us to suspect embolic pathology. Furthermore, pulmonary septic emboli are usually small and multiple. - Pulmonary tuberculosis: always be aware of cavitary lesions in immunocompromised patients. Our patient had no epidemiological history and the urgently requested Ziehl-Neelsen test was negative, making this aetiology unlikely. Nevertheless, further sputum smears and mycobacterial cultures were requested and were negative. - Cavitated pulmonary neoplasm: sometimes we are faced with a pulmonary neoplasm that has become superinfected and can cause an image similar to the one presented by this patient. In addition, the edges of the lesion were thick and irregular and the patient had a history of having been a smoker. In our case, FNA of the lesion was performed and did not demonstrate the presence of malignant cells. - In patients with rheumatoid arthritis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis, we may find cavitated nodules that may lead us to think that we are dealing with a lung abscess, which is why it is important to take a detailed clinical history with all the patient's medical history. Our patient had no systemic symptoms compatible with the aforementioned entities. Evolution During the first days of admission to the ward, the patient continued to be febrile, with a maximum temperature of 39oC. The continuous foul-smelling and putrid expectoration was noteworthy despite empirical antibiotic therapy. Blood cultures performed in the ED were negative, as was the antigenuria for Legionella spp and S. pneumoniae, and the sputum culture showed abundant gram-negative bacilli. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast and a regular fibrobronchoscopy were requested. After 6 days of treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 2g/200 mg IV every 8 hours, Bordetella bronchiseptica was identified in the sputum. After a systematic review of the available literature and before knowing the sensitivity, treatment was started with levofloxacin (500 mg/12 h iv) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (800/160 mg/8h iv), as both had good intracellular activity and synergy. On the seventh antibiogram was available showing resistance to ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefepime and aztreoman. The patient remained completely afebrile from the start of combination therapy, with a progressive decrease in expectoration. Chest CT scan showed a cavitated lesion in the postero-superior location of the left lower lobe measuring 8 cm dc x 6 cm ap x 8 cm transverse with a scarce hydroaerial level and relatively thick walls surrounded by an area of alveolar consolidation extending caudally towards postero-basal segments, where thickening of the septa and bronchial walls could also be seen. In the lingula there was another small focus of consolidation in the peribronchial area, the findings being compatible with the clinical diagnosis of lung abscess with a small satellite inflammatory focus. Chest CT scan with intravenous contrast: cavitated lesion in the left lower lobe with thick walls and minimal hydro-aerial level. Chest CT scan with intravenous contrast (coronal section): large cavitated lesion in left lower lobe with associated alveolar consolidation extending caudally. Fibrobronchoscopy was normal, and samples were sent to microbiology and pathology where no neoplastic cells were found and the culture of the samples was negative. Following the CT findings, CT-guided percutaneous drainage was requested, obtaining scant purulent material in which Streptococcus constellatus, resistant only to erythromycin, was identified, Therefore, after thirteen days of intravenous treatment with levofloxacin plus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, treatment was simplified to levofloxacin 750mg orally, and the patient remained afebrile and presented normal acute phase reactants at discharge three days after starting oral treatment. Treatment with levofloxacin was maintained until he was reviewed 2 weeks later in the outpatient infectious diseases department. At this time he showed a clear radiological improvement (control chest X-ray at the end of treatment) and was completely asymptomatic, so treatment was discontinued. The total duration of treatment was 36 days. Final diagnosis Lung abscess due to Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus constellatus in a patient with HIV C2 infection.
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"EVG", "/", "COBI", "1", "tablet", "per", "day", "and", "omeprazole", "20mg", "/", "day", ".", "The", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "fever", "of", "39oC", ",", "with", "cough", "and", "rusty", "expectoration", ",", "putrid", "in", "appearance", ",", "of", "two", "weeks", "'", "evolution", ",", "without", "improvement", "after", "antibiotic", "treatment", "with", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "500", "/", "125", "mg", "/", "8h", "for", "three", "days", ".", "On", "arrival", "at", "the", "ED", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "febrile", "(", "38", ".", "5oC", ")", ",", "hypotensive", "(", "93", "/", "58", "mmHg", ")", ",", "tachycardic", "(", "111", "spm", ")", ",", "with", "O2", "saturation", "of", "98", "%", "without", "oxygen", "intake", "and", "eupneic", "at", "rest", ".", "On", "inspection", ",", "he", "was", "in", "fair", "general", "condition", "and", "was", "not", "sweating", "profusely", ".", "Cardiorespiratory", "examination", "revealed", "sinus", "tachycardia", ",", "no", "audible", "murmurs", ",", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", "and", "no", "extra", "sounds", ".", "The", "abdomen", "was", "soft", ",", "depressible", ",", "not", "painful", "on", "deep", "palpation", ",", "without", "masses", "or", "megaliths", ",", "no", "signs", "of", "peritonism", "or", "peritoneal", "irritation", ".", "The", "lower", "limbs", "were", "not", "oedematous", "and", "there", "were", "no", "signs", "of", "deep", "vein", "thrombosis", ".", "Oropharyngeal", "examination", "was", "unremarkable", ".", "No", "skin", "lesions", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "performed", "in", "the", "ED", "showed", "a", "leukocytosis", "of", "20", ",", "840", "cells", "/", "μl", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "neutrophils", "(", "17", ",", "650", "cells", "/", "μl", ")", ",", "haemoglobin", "of", "11", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "with", "normal", "platelet", "count", "and", "coagulation", ".", "Biochemically", ",", "he", "had", "preserved", "renal", "function", "and", "a", "normal", "ionogram", ",", "with", "a", "C-reactive", "protein", "of", "294", "mg", "/", "L", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "a", "large", "cavitary", "lesion", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", ",", "with", "thickened", "walls", "and", "spiculated", "borders", ",", "without", "costophrenic", "sinus", "impingement", "or", "other", "condensed", "images", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "on", "admission", ":", "cavitated", "lesion", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", ".", "Blood", "cultures", ",", "sputum", "culture", ",", "Legionella", "spp", "and", "Streptococcus", "pneumoniae", "antigenuria", "in", "urine", "and", "urgent", "smear", "microscopy", "with", "Ziehl-Neelsen", "staining", "were", "negative", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "clinical", "condition", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "admit", "him", "to", "the", "infectious", "diseases", "department", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "lung", "abscess", "of", "possible", "bacterial", "aetiology", ",", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "2g", "/", "200mg", "IV", "every", "8", "hours", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "The", "diagnosis", "of", "lung", "abscess", "is", "mainly", "based", "on", "a", "detailed", "anamnesis", ",", "careful", "examination", "and", "obtaining", "compatible", "images", ",", "with", "radiological", "and", "microbiological", "studies", "being", "fundamental", "to", "reach", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "certainty", ".", "The", "most", "characteristic", "radiological", "image", "is", "usually", "a", "cavitated", "parenchymal", "infiltrate", ",", "usually", "with", "a", "hydro-aerial", "level", ",", "although", "multiple", "bilateral", "cavitated", "lesions", "may", "also", "appear", ",", "so", "it", "is", "necessary", "to", "make", "a", "differential", "diagnosis", "that", "includes", "the", "following", "entities", ":", "-", "Bacterial", "infections", ":", "in", "primary", "lung", "abscesses", "there", "is", "almost", "always", "a", "risk", "factor", "for", "aspiration", "of", "oral", "contents", "(", "periodontal", "disease", ",", "dental", "abscess", ",", "dental", "surgery", ",", "dental", "surgery", ",", "substance", "abuse", ",", "alcoholism", ",", "epilepsy", ",", "stroke", "with", "oropharyngeal", "dysfunction", ",", "sinusitis", ",", "general", "anaesthesia", ",", "dysphagia", ",", "tracheal", "/", "nasogastric", "tube", ",", "severe", "gastrointestinal", "reflux", "disease", "or", "cerebral", "palsy", ")", ".", "They", "are", "usually", "caused", "by", "anaerobic", "germs", "such", "as", "Prevotella", "spp", ",", "Bacteroides", "spp", ",", "Peptostreptococcus", "spp", ",", "Streptococcus", "milleri", ",", "or", "microaerophilic", "streptococci", ".", "Our", "patient", "did", "not", "present", "any", "risk", "factor", "that", "would", "lead", "us", "to", "think", "of", "a", "possible", "bronchoaspiration", ",", "so", "this", "aetiology", "was", "unlikely", ".", "In", "contrast", ",", "in", "secondary", "lung", "abscesses", ",", "there", "is", "usually", "an", "underlying", "immune", "compromise", ",", "as", "was", "the", "case", "in", "our", "patient", ".", "In", "this", "case", ",", "the", "aetiology", "differs", "from", "primary", "abscesses", "and", "may", "be", "caused", "by", ":", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", ",", "gram-negative", "bacilli", "(", "P", ".", "aeruginosa", ",", "other", "enterobacteria", ")", "or", "opportunistic", "pathogens", "such", "as", "Nocardia", "spp", ".", ",", "Legionella", "spp", ".", "or", "Rhodococcus", "equi", ".", "-", "Fungal", "infections", ":", "in", "immunocompromised", "patients", ",", "as", "is", "the", "case", "here", ",", "infections", "caused", "by", "opportunistic", "fungi", "such", "as", "Aspergillus", "spp", ".", "and", "Zygomycetes", "spp", ".", "must", "be", "taken", "into", "account", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ".", "-", "Embolic", "lesions", ":", "endocarditis", "over", "the", "tricuspid", "valve", "(", "often", "by", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", ")", "or", "in", "Lemièrre", "'", "s", "syndrome", ",", "where", "infection", "starts", "in", "the", "pharynx", ",", "almost", "always", "by", "Fusobacterium", "necrophorum", ",", "and", "then", "spreads", "to", "the", "neck", "and", "carotid", "sheath", "to", "cause", "septic", "thrombophlebitis", "and", "multiple", "pulmonary", "embolisms", ",", "are", "characteristic", ".", "In", "our", "case", "the", "patient", "had", "no", "audible", "murmurs", "or", "signs", "of", "oropharyngeal", "infection", "that", "would", "lead", "us", "to", "suspect", "embolic", "pathology", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "pulmonary", "septic", "emboli", "are", "usually", "small", "and", "multiple", ".", "-", "Pulmonary", "tuberculosis", ":", "always", "be", "aware", "of", "cavitary", "lesions", "in", "immunocompromised", "patients", ".", "Our", "patient", "had", "no", "epidemiological", "history", "and", "the", "urgently", "requested", "Ziehl-Neelsen", "test", "was", "negative", ",", "making", "this", "aetiology", "unlikely", ".", "Nevertheless", ",", "further", "sputum", "smears", "and", "mycobacterial", "cultures", "were", "requested", "and", "were", "negative", ".", "-", "Cavitated", "pulmonary", "neoplasm", ":", "sometimes", "we", "are", "faced", "with", "a", "pulmonary", "neoplasm", "that", "has", "become", "superinfected", "and", "can", "cause", "an", "image", "similar", "to", "the", "one", "presented", "by", "this", "patient", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "the", "edges", "of", "the", "lesion", "were", "thick", "and", "irregular", "and", "the", "patient", "had", "a", "history", "of", "having", "been", "a", "smoker", ".", "In", "our", "case", ",", "FNA", "of", "the", "lesion", "was", "performed", "and", "did", "not", "demonstrate", "the", "presence", "of", "malignant", "cells", ".", "-", "In", "patients", "with", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "or", "granulomatosis", "with", "polyangiitis", ",", "we", "may", "find", "cavitated", "nodules", "that", "may", "lead", "us", "to", "think", "that", "we", "are", "dealing", "with", "a", "lung", "abscess", ",", "which", "is", "why", "it", "is", "important", "to", "take", "a", "detailed", "clinical", "history", "with", "all", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "medical", "history", ".", "Our", "patient", "had", "no", "systemic", "symptoms", "compatible", "with", "the", "aforementioned", "entities", ".", "Evolution", "During", "the", "first", "days", "of", "admission", "to", "the", "ward", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "to", "be", "febrile", ",", "with", "a", "maximum", "temperature", "of", "39oC", ".", "The", "continuous", "foul-smelling", "and", "putrid", "expectoration", "was", "noteworthy", "despite", "empirical", "antibiotic", "therapy", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "performed", "in", "the", "ED", "were", "negative", ",", "as", "was", "the", "antigenuria", "for", "Legionella", "spp", "and", "S", ".", "pneumoniae", ",", "and", "the", "sputum", "culture", "showed", "abundant", "gram-negative", "bacilli", ".", "A", "chest", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "with", "contrast", "and", "a", "regular", "fibrobronchoscopy", "were", "requested", ".", "After", "6", "days", "of", "treatment", "with", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "2g", "/", "200", "mg", "IV", "every", "8", "hours", ",", "Bordetella", "bronchiseptica", "was", "identified", "in", "the", "sputum", ".", "After", "a", "systematic", "review", "of", "the", "available", "literature", "and", "before", "knowing", "the", "sensitivity", ",", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "levofloxacin", "(", "500", "mg", "/", "12", "h", "iv", ")", "and", "trimethoprim", "/", "sulfamethoxazole", "(", "800", "/", "160", "mg", "/", "8h", "iv", ")", ",", "as", "both", "had", "good", "intracellular", "activity", "and", "synergy", ".", "On", "the", "seventh", "antibiogram", "was", "available", "showing", "resistance", "to", "ampicillin", ",", "cefuroxime", ",", "cefotaxime", ",", "cefepime", "and", "aztreoman", ".", "The", "patient", "remained", "completely", "afebrile", "from", "the", "start", "of", "combination", "therapy", ",", "with", "a", "progressive", "decrease", "in", "expectoration", ".", "Chest", "CT", "scan", "showed", "a", "cavitated", "lesion", "in", "the", "postero-superior", "location", "of", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", "measuring", "8", "cm", "dc", "x", "6", "cm", "ap", "x", "8", "cm", "transverse", "with", "a", "scarce", "hydroaerial", "level", "and", "relatively", "thick", "walls", "surrounded", "by", "an", "area", "of", "alveolar", "consolidation", "extending", "caudally", "towards", "postero-basal", "segments", ",", "where", "thickening", "of", "the", "septa", "and", "bronchial", "walls", "could", "also", "be", "seen", ".", "In", "the", "lingula", "there", "was", "another", "small", "focus", "of", "consolidation", "in", "the", "peribronchial", "area", ",", "the", "findings", "being", "compatible", "with", "the", "clinical", "diagnosis", "of", "lung", "abscess", "with", "a", "small", "satellite", "inflammatory", "focus", ".", "Chest", "CT", "scan", "with", "intravenous", "contrast", ":", "cavitated", "lesion", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", "with", "thick", "walls", "and", "minimal", "hydro-aerial", "level", ".", "Chest", "CT", "scan", "with", "intravenous", "contrast", "(", "coronal", "section", ")", ":", "large", "cavitated", "lesion", "in", "left", "lower", "lobe", "with", "associated", "alveolar", "consolidation", "extending", "caudally", ".", "Fibrobronchoscopy", "was", "normal", ",", "and", "samples", "were", "sent", "to", "microbiology", "and", "pathology", "where", "no", "neoplastic", "cells", "were", "found", "and", "the", "culture", "of", "the", "samples", "was", "negative", ".", "Following", "the", "CT", "findings", ",", "CT-guided", "percutaneous", "drainage", "was", "requested", ",", "obtaining", "scant", "purulent", "material", "in", "which", "Streptococcus", "constellatus", ",", "resistant", "only", "to", "erythromycin", ",", "was", "identified", ",", "Therefore", ",", "after", "thirteen", "days", "of", "intravenous", "treatment", "with", "levofloxacin", "plus", "trimethoprim", "/", "sulfamethoxazole", ",", "treatment", "was", "simplified", "to", "levofloxacin", "750mg", "orally", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "remained", "afebrile", "and", "presented", "normal", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "at", "discharge", "three", "days", "after", "starting", "oral", "treatment", ".", "Treatment", "with", "levofloxacin", "was", "maintained", "until", "he", "was", "reviewed", "2", "weeks", "later", "in", "the", "outpatient", "infectious", "diseases", "department", ".", "At", "this", "time", "he", "showed", "a", "clear", "radiological", "improvement", "(", "control", "chest", "X-ray", "at", "the", "end", "of", "treatment", ")", "and", "was", "completely", "asymptomatic", ",", "so", "treatment", "was", "discontinued", ".", "The", "total", "duration", "of", "treatment", "was", "36", "days", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Lung", "abscess", "due", "to", "Bordetella", "bronchiseptica", "and", "Streptococcus", "constellatus", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "HIV", "C2", "infection", "." ]
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[ { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 100, "end": 103 }, { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 12, "end": 16 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 74, "end": 82 }, { "text": "smear microscopy", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2266, "end": 2282 }, { "text": "bacterial", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2482, "end": 2491 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2341, "end": 2348 }, { "text": "Legionella spp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4150, "end": 4164 }, { "text": "Nocardia spp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4135, "end": 4147 }, { "text": "Peptostreptococcus spp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3595, "end": 3617 }, { "text": "Prevotella spp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3562, "end": 3576 }, { "text": "Staphylococcus aureus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4017, "end": 4038 }, { "text": "Streptococcus milleri", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3619, "end": 3640 }, { "text": "gram-negative bacilli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4040, "end": 4061 }, { "text": "Bacterial", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3117, "end": 3126 }, { "text": "enterobacteria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4084, "end": 4098 }, { "text": "Bordetella bronchiseptica", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 9082, "end": 9107 }, { "text": "Streptococcus constellatus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 9112, "end": 9138 } ]
en
A 53-year-old man was admitted with sepsis without a clear focus. The patient had a personal history of chronic osteomyelitis of the calcaneus secondary to an ulcer of 8 years of evolution due to neuropathy of the left sciatic nerve in the middle third of the thigh caused by a bull horn injury in 1993, leaving a club foot as a sequel. Followed by Traumatology during these years the patient has presented multiple admissions for worsening of ulcer in the heel as well as multiple microbiological isolations of multiresistant microorganisms requiring intravenous antibiotherapy and multiple surgical debridements. During a trip to Brazil, the patient was admitted for acute coronary syndrome with conventional stent placement in the anterior descending artery and during this admission he presented with septic shock of probable respiratory origin, requiring admission to the intensive care unit and orotracheal intubation. After several months in hospital, the patient returned to Spain, where he was admitted with symptoms compatible with sepsis without a clear focus. Complementary examinations revealed pulmonary condensation in the right base and physical examination revealed scattered rhonchi, oedema and erythema in the forefoot area with a known ulcer that was closing by second intention. Fluid therapy and empirical antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone and levofloxacin was started, with improvement in BP and diuresis. During his admission, an MRI of the ankle was requested, showing the presence of abscesses and bone infarcts with a significant increase in inflammatory activity compared to the previous scan in November 2015, and Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in a culture of the heel ulcer. A few days after admission, the patient began to experience dorsal-lumbar pain that prevented him from resting and new febrile peaks. On physical examination, he had pain on percussion in the spinous process at the level of D11, so a dorsal spine X-ray was requested with loss of vertebral height of the soma of D11 with marked vertebral wedging. Treatment was started with vancomycin and rifampicin. For all these reasons, a thoracic CT scan and MRI of the spine were requested, which showed subacute spondylodiscitis D10- 11 subacute spondylodiscitis in evolution possibly secondary to haematogenous dissemination secondary to the focus of osteomyelitis Despite correct antibiotic therapy, the patient presented new feverish peaks and local worsening in the left ankle, so the case was discussed with the Traumatology Department and it was decided, given the poor evolution of the osteomyelitis of the ankle and the presence of complications, to perform an amputation which was successfully carried out and to continue antibiotic treatment, with progressive improvement of dorsal pain, defervescence and reduction of acute phase reactants.
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en
50-year-old appendectomised woman with hypercholesterolemia, with no other history of interest, in close contact with dogs and cats at home. She was admitted in March 2019 with a severe cough without expectoration, febrile fever and mechanical rib pain of 1 week's evolution. Physical examination and chest X-ray were unremarkable; blood tests showed eosinophilia >50% with a total count of 14,000/μL and IgE>5000 kUA/L (0-120). Immunophenotyping and peripheral blood morphology ruled out malignancy. After a course of antibiotics, it was decided to discharge the patient and follow-up visits were made after disappearance of febrile fever and partial improvement of cough, with persistent costal pain which, due to its characteristics, was attributed to the cough. The study was extended with serologies, all of which were negative except for Toxocara canis IgG positive, and a CT scan was performed with the finding of multiple bilateral millimetric pulmonary opacities, some with a ground-glass halo suggestive of an atypical infectious process, probably parasitic. Given this picture of eosinophilia, respiratory symptoms, epidemiology, serology and compatible imaging tests, a diagnosis of Toxocara canis infestation was made. Ophthalmology was requested and ruled out ocular toxocariasis and specific treatment was started with albendazole 400mg every 12h for 5 days and 30mg of prednisone for 5 days. One month after the end of treatment, the residual cough disappeared, in addition to a reduction of eosinophilia values by half and IgE in peripheral blood. With this, deworming of domestic animals was recommended. Toxocariasis is a rare infection in our environment, caused by the ingestion of eggs of the nematode Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati that usually infects dogs and cats.
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en
Loxoscelism is the clinical picture secondary to the bite of a spider of the genus Loxosceles laeta, which has a form limited to the skin and another systemic form (visceral cutaneous loxoscelism), characterised by haemolytic anaemia, haematuria, jaundice, fever, compromised consciousness and acute renal failure, with a mortality rate of around 20%. Necrotic cutaneous loxoscelism presents with a livedoid plaque within the first 24 h, resulting from vasculitis secondary to the bite and venom inoculation. It is a painful violaceous plaque, surrounded by an erythematous halo. It progresses to the formation of a necrotic eschar, which peels off and leaves a slowly healing ulcer. Treatment consists of local icing, elevation of the limb, systemic corticosteroids, analgesia and antihistamines. Anti-loxosceles serum may be used and should be administered within 4 hours of the bite. Diagnosis Necrotic cutaneous loxoscelism
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en
A 17-year-old woman from the town of Pozo Azul (San Pedro), who suffered the accident in May 2014 when she was picking mandarins. Approximately 24 hours after the accident, she arrived at the hospital lucid, reporting pain and burning at the site of injury (stinging dermatitis) and arthralgia in the lower limbs. Physical examination revealed the presence of oedema in the region of the left knee, which was later confirmed with an ultrasound scan that suggested haemarthrosis. Laboratory examination showed AP 20% and KPTT > 180 seconds. Complementary laboratory tests showed: red blood cells 4 050 000/mm3; leukocytes 12 500/mm3; platelets 256 000/mm3; haematocrit 34%; haemoglobin 11.3 g/dl. Microscopic examination of the urinary sediment revealed the presence of abundant red blood cells per field (haematuria). At the Laboratory of Entomology and Taxonomy of the INMeT (Argentina), the specimens of the causative animal brought by the patient at the time of consultation were identified as larvae of L. obliqua, and a diagnosis of Lonomia erucism was made. The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and received specific treatment a few hours after admission. She was treated with supportive measures, receiving regular corticosteroids (hydrocortisone), antibiotics (ceftriaxone), antihistamines (diphenhydramine), anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, ketorolac) and vitamin K. The day after admission, the following laboratory results were obtained: red blood cells 3 330 000/mm3; leukocytes 17 100/mm3; platelets 208 000/mm3; haematocrit 30%; haemoglobin 9.6 g/dl; AP 60% and KPTT 30 seconds. Ultrasound scanning of the left knee showed moderate/abundant fluid at the level of the joint associated with haemarthrosis. The patient remained in hospital for 5 days, during which time clinical and laboratory parameters normalised.
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en
26-year-old female patient with a 9-day febrile illness associated with fever, pleuritic pain, cough with mucoid expectoration and pruritic erythematous vesicles. Hospitalised one week prior to admission for ectopic pregnancy (managed with 3 doses of methotrexate). Chest X-ray. Anteroposterior projection. Nodular, ill-defined opacities with multilobar distribution. Symmetrical bilateral basal opacities difficult to assess due to interposition of the sinuses. High resolution computed tomography of the thorax. Axial section and coronal reconstruction. Multilobar parenchymal nodules, bilateral, with soft tissue density, irregular borders and perilesional ground-glass halo. Nodules and patchy areas of ground-glass. Chest CT scan. Nodules with soft tissue densities and ground-glass, irregular borders. Nodular lesions on the skin of the sinuses correlating with the physical examination finding of erythematous vesicles. Differential diagnosis: Varicella pneumonia Herpes simplex pneumonia CMV pneumonia Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis Histoplasmosis C. albicans pneumonia Tuberculosis Haemorrhagic metastases Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Microscopic polyangiitis Other positive findings: Blood picture with leukocytosis, neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia. Urine sediment without alterations Elevated transaminases Sputum smear microscopy (-) Direct examination and fungal cultures (-) Diagnosis Varicella-Zoster pneumonia
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en
Personal history A 43-year-old Spanish man with a history of surgery for right spontaneous pneumothorax and chronic hepatitis C cured with interferon. He reported multiple intercontinental trips, with no apparent health problems: Morocco, Turkey (2005), Patagonia (2005), Gambia (2006, vaccinated against yellow fever, without antimalarial prophylaxis) and two recent trips to Mali, one in November 2006 (vaccinated against hepatitis A, typhoid fever, tetanus-diphtheria and cholera and prophylaxis with atavacuone-proguanil) and the last one in September 2007 (itinerary Bamako - Niger River - Toubouctou - Dogon Country). Here he took the correct antimalarial prophylaxis with doxycycline, but confessed to drinking untreated water and bathing in the Niger River and at the waterfalls in the Dogon Country in the middle of the trip. Present illness The patient presented with intermittent high fever (up to 39oC) of twelve days' evolution without focal symptoms, starting in the last days of the trip and accompanied by chills, shivering, arthromylagia and headache, with significant sweating after antipyretics. Her partner had started with similar symptoms 48 hours earlier, of lesser intensity, and both continued with chemoprophylaxis with doxycycline, with apparent good tolerance. On questioning, they reported having presented generalised pruritus lasting several hours after bathing in the Dogon Country waterfalls, without skin lesions and self-limited. Physical examination The patient was afebrile, with a blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg, weight 68 kg (usual), right thoracotomy scar and no skin lesions, hepatosplenomegaly or other relevant findings. Complementary examinations The haemogram showed 7,200 leukocytes/μL (600 eosinophils, 8%); haemoglobin 14.4 g/dL; 179,000 platelets and the coagulation study was normal. Biochemistry showed GPT 48 IU/L, GOT 24 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 153 IU/L and total bilirubin 0.3 mg/dL. All other parameters (glycaemia, renal function, ions, proteinogram and urine elemental) were normal. The chest X-ray showed no abnormalities. The study of parasites in peripheral blood (on two occasions, with febrile peak) was negative, as were serial blood cultures, Rose Bengal, urine culture and stool culture. The stool parasite study (three samples on alternate days) showed only non-pathogenic amoeba cysts. Urine parasite analysis (three samples every other day) was also negative. Initial evolution Given the negative results of the initial studies, a wait-and-see attitude was adopted, recommending only antipyretic treatment (paracetamol) and serological studies were requested (dengue virus, Rickettsia spp., Coxiella, Brucella, Strongyloides, Toxocara, Schistosoma, Fasciola, chikungunya virus and amoebae). Seventeen days after returning from the trip, and seven days after the first consultation, the patient consulted again due to the appearance of generalised urticaria in the last 24 hours and persistent fever. On examination, he was afebrile and haemodynamically stable, with generalised urticarial lesions predominantly on the back, buttocks and flanks, with no mucosal involvement, evidence of bronchospasm, regional adenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. An urgent blood test was performed at this time, showing 700 eosinophils/μL (12.2%), IgE 24.7 IU/mL (normal values <100 IU/mL), GPT 42 IU/L, CRP 36 mg/L and ESR 12 mm/h. Diagnostic test Serology against Schistosoma spp. positive. Clinical judgement Acute schistosomiasis (Katayama syndrome). Evolution With suspicion of acute schistosomiasis (Katayama syndrome or fever), treatment was started with praziquantel (20 mg/kg/8 hours oral) for 72 hours, associated with antihistamines, with good tolerance and disappearance of symptoms and an initial increase and subsequent normalisation of the eosinophil count: 4,000 eosinophils/μL (42.6%); 700 eosinophils/μL (9.6%); and finally 400 eosinophils/μL (4.7%). The first serology sample for Schistosoma spp. extracted during the acute phase and performed at the National Microbiology Centre in Majadahonda was negative, and a new sample sent three months later was positive. The rest of the serological studies were negative. One year later, the patient is asymptomatic, without peripheral eosinophilia and with negative serial studies (at three, six and twelve months) for parasites in faeces and urine. His travel partner, who had accompanied him on the trip to Gambia in 2006 and on the second trip to Mali (September 2007), presented 10-15 days after returning from the trip with a similar picture, with self-limited fever without urticaria, with mild eosinophilia (600 eosinophils/μL, 11.3%) and negative first serology for schistosomiasis. In April 2008, six months after his return, a complete colonoscopy was performed up to the terminal ileum due to the appearance of rectorrhagia and an increase in his usual constipation. Macroscopically, multiple discontinuous raised lesions of the mucosa were observed in the rectum and distal sigma (up to 30 centimetres from the anal margin), very friable to the touch and less than 2 centimetres in diameter, alternating with depressed and ulcerated areas. Biopsies showed ulceration of the mucosa due to a granulomatous foreign body reaction by Schistosoma spp. eggs in the lamina propria and epithelium. At this time the patient had mild eosinophilia (400 eosinophils/μL, 7%), mild iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin 10.6 g/dL, ferritin 8 μg/L) and a pathological urine sediment (microhaematuria and leucocyturia). Parasitological examination of both urine and faeces detected Schistosoma haematobium eggs (more abundant in urine), with a positive miracidium viability test. Serology for Schistosoma was also positive. With the diagnosis of intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis, he was prescribed treatment with praziquantel (a single dose of 60 mg/kg divided into two doses), with subsequent disappearance of the eosinophilia (200/μL, 3.4%), negativisation of egg excretion in faeces and urine, and remission of the inflammatory lesions of the distal intestinal mucosa in a new colonoscopy performed three months later. For our patient with Katayama syndrome, and given the doubts about the activity of praziquantel against non-adult forms of the parasite, the patient received a new course of treatment with a single dose of 60 mg/kg (divided in two doses) six months after the initial acute schistosomiasis.
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"was", "adopted", ",", "recommending", "only", "antipyretic", "treatment", "(", "paracetamol", ")", "and", "serological", "studies", "were", "requested", "(", "dengue", "virus", ",", "Rickettsia", "spp", ".", ",", "Coxiella", ",", "Brucella", ",", "Strongyloides", ",", "Toxocara", ",", "Schistosoma", ",", "Fasciola", ",", "chikungunya", "virus", "and", "amoebae", ")", ".", "Seventeen", "days", "after", "returning", "from", "the", "trip", ",", "and", "seven", "days", "after", "the", "first", "consultation", ",", "the", "patient", "consulted", "again", "due", "to", "the", "appearance", "of", "generalised", "urticaria", "in", "the", "last", "24", "hours", "and", "persistent", "fever", ".", "On", "examination", ",", "he", "was", "afebrile", "and", "haemodynamically", "stable", ",", "with", "generalised", "urticarial", "lesions", "predominantly", "on", "the", "back", ",", "buttocks", "and", "flanks", ",", "with", "no", "mucosal", "involvement", ",", "evidence", "of", "bronchospasm", ",", "regional", "adenopathy", "or", "hepatosplenomegaly", ".", "An", "urgent", "blood", "test", "was", "performed", "at", "this", "time", ",", "showing", "700", "eosinophils", "/", "μL", "(", "12", ".", "2", "%", ")", ",", "IgE", "24", ".", "7", "IU", "/", "mL", "(", "normal", "values", "<", "100", "IU", "/", "mL", ")", ",", "GPT", "42", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "CRP", "36", "mg", "/", "L", "and", "ESR", "12", "mm", "/", "h", ".", "Diagnostic", "test", "Serology", "against", "Schistosoma", "spp", ".", "positive", ".", "Clinical", "judgement", "Acute", "schistosomiasis", "(", "Katayama", "syndrome", ")", ".", "Evolution", "With", "suspicion", "of", "acute", "schistosomiasis", "(", "Katayama", "syndrome", "or", "fever", ")", ",", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "praziquantel", "(", "20", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "8", "hours", "oral", ")", "for", "72", "hours", ",", "associated", "with", "antihistamines", ",", "with", "good", "tolerance", "and", "disappearance", "of", "symptoms", "and", "an", "initial", "increase", "and", "subsequent", "normalisation", "of", "the", "eosinophil", "count", ":", "4", ",", "000", "eosinophils", "/", "μL", "(", "42", ".", "6", "%", ")", ";", "700", "eosinophils", "/", "μL", "(", "9", ".", "6", "%", ")", ";", "and", "finally", "400", "eosinophils", "/", "μL", "(", "4", ".", "7", "%", ")", ".", "The", "first", "serology", "sample", "for", "Schistosoma", "spp", ".", "extracted", "during", "the", "acute", "phase", "and", "performed", "at", "the", "National", "Microbiology", "Centre", "in", "Majadahonda", "was", "negative", ",", "and", "a", "new", "sample", "sent", "three", "months", "later", "was", "positive", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "serological", "studies", "were", "negative", ".", "One", "year", "later", ",", "the", "patient", "is", "asymptomatic", ",", "without", "peripheral", "eosinophilia", "and", "with", "negative", "serial", "studies", "(", "at", "three", ",", "six", "and", "twelve", "months", ")", "for", "parasites", "in", "faeces", "and", "urine", ".", "His", "travel", "partner", ",", "who", "had", "accompanied", "him", "on", "the", "trip", "to", "Gambia", "in", "2006", "and", "on", "the", "second", "trip", "to", "Mali", "(", "September", "2007", ")", ",", "presented", "10-15", "days", "after", "returning", "from", "the", "trip", "with", "a", "similar", "picture", ",", "with", "self-limited", "fever", "without", "urticaria", ",", "with", "mild", "eosinophilia", "(", "600", "eosinophils", "/", "μL", ",", "11", ".", "3", "%", ")", "and", "negative", "first", "serology", "for", "schistosomiasis", ".", "In", "April", "2008", ",", "six", "months", "after", "his", "return", ",", "a", "complete", "colonoscopy", "was", "performed", "up", "to", "the", "terminal", "ileum", "due", "to", "the", "appearance", "of", "rectorrhagia", "and", "an", "increase", "in", "his", "usual", "constipation", ".", "Macroscopically", ",", "multiple", "discontinuous", "raised", "lesions", "of", "the", "mucosa", "were", "observed", "in", "the", "rectum", "and", "distal", "sigma", "(", "up", "to", "30", "centimetres", "from", "the", "anal", "margin", ")", ",", "very", "friable", "to", "the", "touch", "and", "less", "than", "2", "centimetres", "in", "diameter", ",", "alternating", "with", "depressed", "and", "ulcerated", "areas", ".", "Biopsies", "showed", "ulceration", "of", "the", "mucosa", "due", "to", "a", "granulomatous", "foreign", "body", "reaction", "by", "Schistosoma", "spp", ".", "eggs", "in", "the", "lamina", "propria", "and", "epithelium", ".", "At", "this", "time", "the", "patient", "had", "mild", "eosinophilia", "(", "400", "eosinophils", "/", "μL", ",", "7", "%", ")", ",", "mild", "iron", "deficiency", "anaemia", "(", "haemoglobin", "10", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dL", ",", "ferritin", "8", "μg", "/", "L", ")", "and", "a", "pathological", "urine", "sediment", "(", "microhaematuria", "and", "leucocyturia", ")", ".", "Parasitological", "examination", "of", "both", "urine", "and", "faeces", "detected", "Schistosoma", "haematobium", "eggs", "(", "more", "abundant", "in", "urine", ")", ",", "with", "a", "positive", "miracidium", "viability", "test", ".", "Serology", "for", "Schistosoma", "was", "also", "positive", ".", "With", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "intestinal", "and", "urinary", "schistosomiasis", ",", "he", "was", "prescribed", "treatment", "with", "praziquantel", "(", "a", "single", "dose", "of", "60", "mg", "/", "kg", "divided", "into", "two", "doses", ")", ",", "with", "subsequent", "disappearance", "of", "the", "eosinophilia", "(", "200", "/", "μL", ",", "3", ".", "4", "%", ")", ",", "negativisation", "of", "egg", "excretion", "in", "faeces", "and", "urine", ",", "and", "remission", "of", "the", "inflammatory", "lesions", "of", "the", "distal", "intestinal", "mucosa", "in", "a", "new", "colonoscopy", "performed", "three", "months", "later", ".", "For", "our", "patient", "with", "Katayama", "syndrome", ",", "and", "given", "the", "doubts", "about", "the", "activity", "of", "praziquantel", "against", "non-adult", "forms", "of", "the", "parasite", ",", "the", "patient", "received", "a", "new", "course", "of", "treatment", "with", "a", "single", "dose", "of", "60", "mg", "/", "kg", "(", "divided", "in", "two", "doses", ")", "six", "months", "after", "the", "initial", "acute", "schistosomiasis", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 0, "end": 8 }, { "text": "vaccinated", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 286, "end": 296 }, { "text": "vaccinated", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 405, "end": 415 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 856, "end": 863 }, { "text": "partner", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1120, "end": 1127 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1492, "end": 1499 }, { "text": "parasites", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2099, "end": 2108 }, { "text": "Brucella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2675, "end": 2683 }, { "text": "Coxiella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2665, "end": 2673 }, { "text": "Fasciola", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2723, "end": 2731 } ]
en
FTRJ, 12 years old, female, from the community of Mojuí dos Campos, municipality of Santarém (PA). She is one of the patients belonging to the above-described group who also reported ingesting açaí juice. In May 2006, he presented with fever and was diagnosed with RCT positive for T. cruzi. She had no cardiological complaints. The electrocardiogram was normal and the echocardiogram showed moderate pericardial effusion. After treatment with benzonidazole there was complete resolution of the pericardial effusion.
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[ { "text": "female", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 20, "end": 26 }, { "text": "patients", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 117, "end": 125 }, { "text": "T. cruzi", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 282, "end": 290 }, { "text": "açaí", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 193, "end": 197 } ]
en
We present the case of a 19 year old boy with no relevant past history of fever, purulent rhinorrhoea in the NIF and progressive pain in the ipsilateral hemiface exacerbated by head movements, of almost a month's evolution, which worsened despite antibiotic treatment; in addition, malar and eyelid oedema leading to double vision and a painful central frontal tumour of hard consistency. On examination, purulent rhinorrhoea at the level of the middle meatus, pain in the malar region and a frontal tumour of approximately 5cm in size, slightly fluctuating, painful. Analysis of infection and CT scan confirmed involvement of the maxillary sinus, ethmoidal cells and left frontal sinus, with bone destruction of the external wall of the same and extension of the inflammatory process to adjacent soft tissues. Surgical intervention was performed: CENS + frontal osteoplasty type Draft IIB + drainage of frontal subperiosteal abscess (CMF); abundant pus was drained and an external frontal penrose was left; favourable evolution. Positive culture for Prevotella Loeschii.
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[ { "text": "Prevotella Loeschii", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1051, "end": 1070 } ]
en
Anamnesis 81-year-old woman with a history of hyperuricaemia, hyperthyroidism, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus-II with organic involvement (diabetic retinopathy) and ischaemic heart disease. His medical treatment included antiplatelet aggregation, lipid-lowering, hypolipidemic, hypouricemic and oral antidiabetic drugs. She came to the emergency department with gait instability after a casual fall a few hours earlier. Within 24 hours of admission to Internal Medicine, he suffered a new fall, beginning with macroscopic haematuria. Physical examination On admission he had arrhythmic heart sounds with a frequency of 100 bpm. The abdomen was soft, depressible, painless and without palpation of masses or megaliths. Physical examination 24 hours after admission was unchanged except for macroscopic haematuria. Complementary tests On admission: - Biochemistry: glycaemia 244 mg/dl, creatinine 0.94 mg/dl, urea 54 mg/dl, ck 5,091 IU/l, CRP 3.30 mg/dl. Haemogram: 11,600 leukocytes/l (82 neutrophils, 8 lymphocytes, 10 monocytes). Coagulation: fibrinogen 499 mg/dl. Urine sediment and urine system: red blood cells +++, glycosuria ++, protein +. Mild haematuria (5-10 H x C). - Electrocardiogram: atrial fibrillation, 125 bpm. - Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain without contrast: no bleeding or other images suggestive of acute intracranial pathology. Twenty-four hours after admission: - Microbiology: urine culture and two blood cultures in which multisensitive Escherichia coli was isolated. - Thoracic-abdominal CT scan: kidneys with extrarenal pelvis. Small amount of free fluid. Rectal wall thickening, thickening of the presacral space. Thickened bladder walls with gas inside. Diagnosis - Emphysematous cystitis. - Diabetic decompensation. - Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. - Rhabdomyolysis. Treatment After confirming the clinical suspicion of emphysematous cystitis, she received conservative medical treatment consisting of urethral catheter with lavage, antibiotic therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam and insulin therapy. Evolution The clinical and radiological evolution was satisfactory, with improvement in blood glucose levels, which remained below 150 mg/dl, and almost total disappearance of gas images in the bladder wall in the control CT scan performed 12 days after admission. Despite this, she suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest on the ward witnessed by healthcare staff, who began resuscitation manoeuvres and transferred the patient to the Intensive Care Unit, where she died of cardiorespiratory arrest secondary to ventricular fibrillation in probable relation to an ischaemic event given her personal history of ischaemic heart disease of the infarct type.
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en
On 1 February 2020, a 64-year-old woman presented to the emergency department reporting a fever of 7 days' duration, with a maximum temperature of 38.7°C, coughing, slight expectoration and myalgia, but no chest discomfort or dyspnoea. He had flown back to Hangzhou (China) from Malaysia 7 days earlier. Physical examination revealed no dry or moist rales in both lungs and a temperature of 37.3°C, pulse 92 bpm, respiratory rate 18 bpm and blood pressure 113/79 mmHg. Laboratory tests gave a white blood cell count of 2.5 x 109 cells/mL, with 63.3% neutrophils and 29.2% lymphocytes; the C-reactive protein value was 3.62 mg/L. Sputum tests for influenza A+B (by real-time RT-PCR) were negative. Lung CT scans of the patient showed several ground-glass shadows with diffuse borders and irregular densities in the peripheral and posterior areas of the lungs, mainly subpleural. These images were consistent with previous radiological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Further, real-time fluorescence RT-PCR testing detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19.
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en
A 36-year-old male patient with a history of hepatitis C. Hospitalised for fever and dyspnoea. Initial history Patient was admitted with septic symptoms associated with respiratory distress. History of IV drug addiction. As part of the bacteraemia study, an imaging study was performed showing findings compatible with septic embolism. Coronal reconstruction and axial slices of the CT scan on admission: the presence of multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules, predominantly peripheral, cavitated, suggestive of septic embolism, was confirmed. Trans oesophageal echocardiogram showed the presence of vegetation on the tricuspid valve associated with severe regurgitation. Chest X-ray PA: bilateral parenchymal alveolar filling opacities, some cavitated, more confluent in the right lung base. Mild right pleural effusion. Post-surgical changes of tricuspid valve replacement. Axial slices and coronal CT reconstruction: Multiple pulmonary nodules, peripheral, bilateral, some cavitated, more clustered in the right lung base. Mild right pleural effusion. During hospitalisation the patient underwent tricuspid valve replacement surgery. The patient completed antibiotic treatment, evolved favourably and was discharged with indications for monitoring by the infectious diseases and toxicology team. Pulmonary septic embolism
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en
A 56-year-old patient was admitted to our institution due to an ischaemic stroke caused by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. An angiotomography performed on admission showed lesions indicative of COVID-19; this was confirmed by specific PCR for SARS-CoV-2. The following day, the patient presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. A CT scan showed a free thrombus in the aortic arch, associated with occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. There were no signs of aortic atherosclerosis. There was also a lack of enhancement of part of the small bowel. The patient underwent endovascular thromboectomy and laparotomy with resection of two metres of the small bowel.
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en
Reason for consultation A 27-year-old male patient attended primary care for odynophagia of 3 weeks' evolution, afebrile, with no other accompanying symptoms. At the onset of the symptoms he consulted the emergency department and was discharged with a diagnosis of tonsillar aphthous ulcer and treatment with ibuprofen 600mg 1 tablet every 8h. As the symptoms did not improve, he decided to come to our clinic for a new assessment. Individual approach Anamnesis: Family history: No family history of interest. Personal history: No personal history of interest. Usual home treatment: No treatment whatsoever. Physical examination: Good general condition, conscious and oriented, eupneic at rest, normal mucocutaneous colouring. ENT: erythematous and hyperpigmented lesion with indurated edges on the right tonsil. Blood tests were requested with complete blood count and biochemistry, tonsillar exudate and CMV and EBV serology and STD screening (hepatitis, syphilis and HIV) as the patient reported having had risky sexual relations in previous weeks. Complementary tests: blood test with haemogram and biochemistry without alterations. Positive syphilis serology. Family and community approach Family Life Cycle: According to the WHO classification modified by De la Revilla: She would be in stage I abandonment of the home. This is a single person who has recently become independent from her parents. Clinical judgement Primary syphilis. Initially the differential diagnosis was raised with: tonsillitis (acute bacterial/pulaceous), infectious mononucleosis, herpangina, herpes primoinfection, syphilis with primary oral manifestation. Action plan and evolution She was given 2.4 million IU of penicillin G benzathine IM in a single dose. During the following months the titres were monitored by reaginic tests, with a progressive decrease in titres.
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en
Background Woman, 51 years old. Arterial hypertension. Chronic glaucoma. No known allergies. No toxic habits. On treatment with telmisartan 80 mg/day. Baseline situation: active. Independent for activities of daily living. Moderate exertional dyspnoea (NHYA II). Current illness She visited her family doctor for moderate dyspnoea of about 3 months of evolution. Since then she has also presented oedema in the lower limbs. She reported no previous history of chest pain or palpitations. A chest X-ray was performed and in view of the presence of cardiomegaly, preferential assessment was requested in the outpatient cardiology department. Physical examination BP: 130/90 mmHg HR: 77 bpm SatO2: 98%. Normal head and neck. No IY CA: rhythmic, holosystolic murmur II/VI with R2 splitting. AP: VCM in both lung fields Abdomen: nondescript LES: oedema with perimalleolar fovea. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS ECG: sinus rhythm at 75 bpm with signs of AD growth, normal PR, wide QRS (150 msec) with morphology of complete right bundle branch block and secondary repolarisation alterations. Echocardiography: severe dilatation of right chambers. Apical displacement of the insertion point of the tricuspid septal leaflet (about 2.5 cm with respect to the plane of the mitral annulus). Massive TR due to lack of leaflet coaptation. Assessment of RV systolic function is difficult but appears to be severely depressed. The pulmonary trunk is of normal size. The pulmonary valve has no abnormalities. The left chambers are small in size and displaced by the right chambers. LV systolic function is visually at the lower limit of normal. The left valves are normal. Mitral filling pattern of impaired relaxation. No ASD (although assessment is difficult), no other shunts. Normal aortic arch. Slight systemic venous congestion. EVOLUTION Furosemide 40 mg/day was added to the treatment, cardiac MRI was requested for anatomical characterisation and better assessment of RV function. At the 6-month check-up, the patient was asymptomatic. The result of the cardiac MRI was brought in: a study of very poor technical quality (movement artefacts). Dilatation of the right chambers, with apical displacement of the tricuspid leaflets, which do not coapt. Free tricuspid regurgitation. RVEF 43%. No associated malformations are seen. Left ventricle displaced by the right, with preserved ventricular function. Given the improvement in symptoms, it was decided to maintain medical treatment and outpatient monitoring at 6 months with new echocardiography, new MRI and cardiopulmonary stress test. DIAGNOSIS Mild heart failure on debut Ebstein's anomaly Severe tricuspid regurgitation and mild RV systolic dysfunction
[ "Background", "Woman", ",", "51", "years", "old", ".", "Arterial", "hypertension", ".", "Chronic", "glaucoma", ".", "No", "known", "allergies", ".", "No", "toxic", "habits", ".", "On", "treatment", "with", "telmisartan", "80", "mg", "/", "day", ".", "Baseline", "situation", ":", "active", ".", "Independent", "for", "activities", "of", "daily", "living", ".", "Moderate", "exertional", "dyspnoea", "(", "NHYA", "II", ")", ".", "Current", "illness", "She", "visited", "her", "family", "doctor", "for", "moderate", "dyspnoea", "of", "about", "3", "months", "of", "evolution", ".", "Since", "then", "she", "has", "also", "presented", "oedema", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", ".", "She", "reported", "no", "previous", "history", "of", "chest", "pain", "or", "palpitations", ".", "A", "chest", "X-ray", "was", "performed", "and", "in", "view", "of", "the", "presence", "of", "cardiomegaly", ",", "preferential", "assessment", "was", "requested", "in", "the", "outpatient", "cardiology", "department", ".", "Physical", "examination", "BP", ":", "130", "/", "90", "mmHg", "HR", ":", "77", "bpm", "SatO2", ":", "98", "%", ".", "Normal", "head", "and", "neck", ".", "No", "IY", "CA", ":", "rhythmic", ",", "holosystolic", "murmur", "II", "/", "VI", "with", "R2", "splitting", ".", "AP", ":", "VCM", "in", "both", "lung", "fields", "Abdomen", ":", "nondescript", "LES", ":", "oedema", "with", "perimalleolar", "fovea", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "TESTS", "ECG", ":", "sinus", "rhythm", "at", "75", "bpm", "with", "signs", "of", "AD", "growth", ",", "normal", "PR", ",", "wide", "QRS", "(", "150", "msec", ")", "with", "morphology", "of", "complete", "right", "bundle", "branch", "block", "and", "secondary", "repolarisation", "alterations", ".", "Echocardiography", ":", "severe", "dilatation", "of", "right", "chambers", ".", "Apical", "displacement", "of", "the", "insertion", "point", "of", "the", "tricuspid", "septal", "leaflet", "(", "about", "2", ".", "5", "cm", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "plane", "of", "the", "mitral", "annulus", ")", ".", "Massive", "TR", "due", "to", "lack", "of", "leaflet", "coaptation", ".", "Assessment", "of", "RV", "systolic", "function", "is", "difficult", "but", "appears", "to", "be", "severely", "depressed", ".", "The", "pulmonary", "trunk", "is", "of", "normal", "size", ".", "The", "pulmonary", "valve", "has", "no", "abnormalities", ".", "The", "left", "chambers", "are", "small", "in", "size", "and", "displaced", "by", "the", "right", "chambers", ".", "LV", "systolic", "function", "is", "visually", "at", "the", "lower", "limit", "of", "normal", ".", "The", "left", "valves", "are", "normal", ".", "Mitral", "filling", "pattern", "of", "impaired", "relaxation", ".", "No", "ASD", "(", "although", "assessment", "is", "difficult", ")", ",", "no", "other", "shunts", ".", "Normal", "aortic", "arch", ".", "Slight", "systemic", "venous", "congestion", ".", "EVOLUTION", "Furosemide", "40", "mg", "/", "day", "was", "added", "to", "the", "treatment", ",", "cardiac", "MRI", "was", "requested", "for", "anatomical", "characterisation", "and", "better", "assessment", "of", "RV", "function", ".", "At", "the", "6-month", "check-up", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "asymptomatic", ".", "The", "result", "of", "the", "cardiac", "MRI", "was", "brought", "in", ":", "a", "study", "of", "very", "poor", "technical", "quality", "(", "movement", "artefacts", ")", ".", "Dilatation", "of", "the", "right", "chambers", ",", "with", "apical", "displacement", "of", "the", "tricuspid", "leaflets", ",", "which", "do", "not", "coapt", ".", "Free", "tricuspid", "regurgitation", ".", "RVEF", "43", "%", ".", "No", "associated", "malformations", "are", "seen", ".", "Left", "ventricle", "displaced", "by", "the", "right", ",", "with", "preserved", "ventricular", "function", ".", "Given", "the", "improvement", "in", "symptoms", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "maintain", "medical", "treatment", "and", "outpatient", "monitoring", "at", "6", "months", "with", "new", "echocardiography", ",", "new", "MRI", "and", "cardiopulmonary", "stress", "test", ".", "DIAGNOSIS", "Mild", "heart", "failure", "on", "debut", "Ebstein", "'", "s", "anomaly", "Severe", "tricuspid", "regurgitation", "and", "mild", "RV", "systolic", "dysfunction" ]
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[ { "text": "Woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 11, "end": 16 }, { "text": "family doctor", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 296, "end": 309 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1995, "end": 2002 } ]
en
The patient was a 55-year-old man, with no previous history of interest and a farm worker (Albufera area), who came to the emergency department with asthenia, very intense myalgia, pharyngitis and fever of up to 39o C for 5 days of evolution. He also had paresthesia in his hands, feet and lips, together with dysphonia and significant dysphagia for solids and liquids, for which he had been fasting for 48 hours. For the last 2 days, his urine had been dark and he reported a clear decrease in diuresis. Physical examination was unremarkable, except for a hyperemic pharynx. A blood test was requested, which showed acute renal failure, hyperbilirubinaemia at the expense of direct renal function, discrete elevation of GOT, GPT and CK, marked elevation of CRP and ESR, and very severe platelets. The urine was clearly choluric and there was intense bacteriuria. An ultrasound scan was requested, which only showed homogeneous splenomegaly measuring 14 cm. In the pre-transfusion study, a positive Direct Coombs was observed with a cold antibody panagglutinin (without haemolytic anaemia). At that time and in view of the suspicion of infectious syndrome with multi-organ dysfunction, the family was questioned, who told us that the patient usually works with organophosphates (chlorpyrifos) with little protection and that in the previous days he had had a marked conjunctival injection. The suspicion of Weil's syndrome became strong, and serology was requested, which was positive for Leptospira (IgM +, IgG -) and a determination of Leptospira DNA in urine (positive) and blood (negative), probably explained by the fact that the septicaemic (leptospiremic) phase had resolved and the immune (leptospiruric) phase of the disease was beginning. While the manifestations secondary to leptospiremia are resolving, the paraesthesia gradually gives way to total flaccid paralysis with areflexia and progression of the bulbar symptoms, with dyspnoea requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation in the ICU to maintain proper ventilation. Given the possibility of Guillain-Barré syndrome secondary to infection, an EMG was requested, with neurophysiological data compatible with the diagnosis of acute sensory-motor polyneuropathy/polyradiculoneuropathy without signs of demyelination. At this point, the option of a polyneuropathy associated with exposure to organophosphates (chlorpyrifos), widely described in the literature, is raised. Cholinesterase levels were normal, ruling out this option. A few days later, plateletopenia recovered and a lumbar puncture compatible with Guillain-Barré (albumin-cytological dissociation) was performed. At this point we reviewed the literature, finding that the syndromic diagnosis of Guillain-Barré does not necessarily imply demyelination, but that its most common variant PIDA (acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy) is what is classically known as Guillain-Barré, however, there are less common variants where the damage is not necessarily caused by demyelinating demyelinating polyneuropathy, However, there are less common variants where the damage is axonal and not demyelinating, which are usually more severe and have a worse prognosis, such as AMAN (acute motor axonal neuropathy) and AMSAN (acute sensory-motor axonal neuropathy), the latter being the subtype of our patient. The evolution was good and the patient has now resumed his pre-disease daily life.
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en
23 year old male who came to the consultation at the Centre for Comprehensive Care for Drug Addicts (CAID) with the intention of giving up cannabis use "because he wants to use his brain to its full extent" and does not want to be "stoned" all day. There is nothing to report in the family history. Personal history In early childhood he had major medical problems due to a malformation of the ureters with renal involvement, which resolved at the age of three but which forced him to need an external urine collection bag for months with check-ups and examinations that the patient remembers because of the pain it caused him. He was subsequently diagnosed with amblyopia, and eye patches and glasses were prescribed. The patient reports that he ended up memorising the letters and figures on the scanning devices because his aim was not to wear patches or glasses to school. He was eventually discharged for improvement at the age of 12 years. Currently the patient has poor vision in his left eye. School performance was very good until the age of 14 when behavioural and academic problems started to occur at school. The parents consulted the school psychologist who diagnosed that the patient had an IQ of 130 and that the problems in school performance were due to the fact that he was "very restless and rebellious". It was suggested that he should study Social But the patient set out to prove that "he was good at studying" and obtained very good marks in the following year, but continued to behave inappropriately in the school environment. He finished secondary school late and did not want to prepare for the Selectividad. At the age of fourteen he had started using cannabis, had tried other substances, and was always socialising with boys older than him. History of use Between the ages of fourteen and fifteen he started using tobacco, cannabis and tried LSD and amphetamines. The use of the latter two substances only becomes occasional, some weekends, but he takes them until the age of nineteen or twenty. He tried cocaine at the age of sixteen, but he did not like it, he said that it was bad for him, although he did not report paranoid ideas when he used it, but he did say that it "made him very upset". He also tried alcohol at the age of fifteen, but did not have more than two or three drinks on the days he went out at weekends. The patient had requested treatment a year and a half ago, at the age of 21, also with the intention of abandoning the consumption that he considered was making it difficult for him to solve the problems that his girlfriend, also a cannabis user and ten years older than him, was causing him. He had gone to the CSM in his area due to the anxious symptoms he presented, and after additional tests, including an ECG, a diagnosis of possible hyperactivity was made, sertraline and topiramate were recommended and he was advised to stop using cannabis. The patient was critical of his consumption, stating that it made it difficult for him to make decisions and to cope with the events occurring in his environment. He managed to reduce his use to two or three joints a day and left treatment although he was aware that he had not achieved his goal of detoxification. Current status The patient lives with his parents and a sister five years younger than him. There is a good family relationship. He is working part-time to cover his expenses, he is preparing for his second university entrance exam, he is studying English without external support, he is preparing to become a driving school teacher, where he sees a professional outlet in the family environment and which would help him to finance his studies in health sciences. He has a new girlfriend, also older than him, who is not a drug user and from whom he wants to separate. At the time of the consultation, the patient shows great anxiety, emotional lability without anhedonia, insomnia and broken sleep, crises of anxiety, irritability and a feeling of lack of control in his actions and in expressing his thoughts adequately, which causes great social withdrawal and makes it impossible for him to concentrate on pleasant tasks, such as reading; he complains of alterations in his immediate memory. He perceives as anomalous the fact that he tries to perform many tasks that he does not finish because he is unable to concentrate for a long time, but reports that his performance improves if he changes tasks with a certain frequency. He does not present delusions of any kind, but he does present obsessive ideas that cause him great concern: "I don't think well". The patient is well aware that his problem is related to cannabis use, but he is unable to detoxify himself, going so far as to propose hospital admission to achieve his goal. He appears well-groomed and well-groomed, with slight motor agitation that disappears during the conversation. The language is correct, fluent, spontaneous, with a wide vocabulary, good command of the language and with cultured, unforced expressions; he shows great interest and is very interested in the appreciation of the interlocutor, maintaining intense eye contact and showing affection appropriate to the content of the conversation. He admits criticism, but refers that he does not tolerate incoherence well. He says that he has "almost always looked different", and that he does not know whether this is due to his personal characteristics or to his "way of thinking". Smoker of about eight to ten tobacco cigarettes. No other consumption, except for a very occasional consumption of no more than 50 grams of alcohol at weekends when he goes out and in order to mitigate the anxiety caused by social contact. He is critical of alcohol consumption and says that it sometimes worsens his mood as he sees no solution in drinking, and even perceives it as an attitude of self-aggressiveness. An outpatient detoxification is proposed with the help of anxiolytics - 5mg. of alprazolam retard daily - and 30mg. of mirtazapine at night. The patient is able to reduce his consumption to two or three joints a day, which he smokes compulsively in the evening, and even goes without smoking cannabis for two or three days in a row. In any case, he reports great anxiety accompanied by a vegetative component, intense irritability, obsessive ideas, anorexia, altered intestinal transit, a feeling of dystrophy and an increase in tobacco consumption to more than double what he used to smoke. His insomnia improves and he reports "feeling more alert", but there is no abstinence as his anxiety is very intense in the afternoons, above all related to obsessive ideas concerning self-criticism of his behaviour and decision making, and he ends up smoking in an attempt to reduce his anxious symptoms and irritability, reporting that his anxiety improves but not the rest of his symptoms. Treatment with risperidone 1mg. at midday is proposed, and he manages to maintain abstinence more easily as his anxiety improves and it is easier for him to stop thinking and plan activities outside of consumption. The patient has not yet achieved abstinence for more than a month.
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"him", ".", "He", "was", "subsequently", "diagnosed", "with", "amblyopia", ",", "and", "eye", "patches", "and", "glasses", "were", "prescribed", ".", "The", "patient", "reports", "that", "he", "ended", "up", "memorising", "the", "letters", "and", "figures", "on", "the", "scanning", "devices", "because", "his", "aim", "was", "not", "to", "wear", "patches", "or", "glasses", "to", "school", ".", "He", "was", "eventually", "discharged", "for", "improvement", "at", "the", "age", "of", "12", "years", ".", "Currently", "the", "patient", "has", "poor", "vision", "in", "his", "left", "eye", ".", "School", "performance", "was", "very", "good", "until", "the", "age", "of", "14", "when", "behavioural", "and", "academic", "problems", "started", "to", "occur", "at", "school", ".", "The", "parents", "consulted", "the", "school", "psychologist", "who", "diagnosed", "that", "the", "patient", "had", "an", "IQ", "of", "130", "and", "that", "the", "problems", "in", "school", "performance", "were", "due", 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"consumption", "that", "he", "considered", "was", "making", "it", "difficult", "for", "him", "to", "solve", "the", "problems", "that", "his", "girlfriend", ",", "also", "a", "cannabis", "user", "and", "ten", "years", "older", "than", "him", ",", "was", "causing", "him", ".", "He", "had", "gone", "to", "the", "CSM", "in", "his", "area", "due", "to", "the", "anxious", "symptoms", "he", "presented", ",", "and", "after", "additional", "tests", ",", "including", "an", "ECG", ",", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "possible", "hyperactivity", "was", "made", ",", "sertraline", "and", "topiramate", "were", "recommended", "and", "he", "was", "advised", "to", "stop", "using", "cannabis", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "critical", "of", "his", "consumption", ",", "stating", "that", "it", "made", "it", "difficult", "for", "him", "to", "make", "decisions", "and", "to", "cope", "with", "the", "events", "occurring", "in", "his", "environment", ".", "He", "managed", "to", "reduce", "his", "use", "to", "two", "or", "three", "joints", "a", "day", "and", "left", "treatment", "although", "he", "was", "aware", "that", "he", "had", "not", "achieved", "his", "goal", "of", "detoxification", ".", "Current", "status", "The", "patient", "lives", "with", "his", "parents", "and", "a", "sister", "five", "years", "younger", "than", "him", ".", "There", "is", "a", "good", "family", "relationship", ".", "He", "is", "working", "part-time", "to", "cover", "his", "expenses", ",", "he", "is", "preparing", "for", "his", "second", "university", "entrance", "exam", ",", "he", "is", "studying", "English", "without", "external", "support", ",", "he", "is", "preparing", "to", "become", "a", "driving", "school", "teacher", ",", "where", "he", "sees", "a", "professional", "outlet", "in", "the", "family", "environment", "and", "which", "would", "help", "him", "to", "finance", "his", "studies", "in", "health", "sciences", ".", "He", "has", "a", "new", "girlfriend", ",", "also", "older", "than", "him", ",", "who", "is", "not", "a", "drug", "user", "and", "from", "whom", "he", "wants", "to", "separate", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "the", "consultation", ",", "the", "patient", "shows", "great", "anxiety", ",", "emotional", "lability", "without", "anhedonia", ",", "insomnia", "and", "broken", "sleep", ",", "crises", "of", "anxiety", ",", "irritability", "and", "a", "feeling", "of", "lack", "of", "control", "in", "his", "actions", "and", "in", "expressing", "his", "thoughts", "adequately", ",", "which", "causes", "great", "social", "withdrawal", "and", "makes", "it", "impossible", "for", "him", "to", "concentrate", "on", "pleasant", "tasks", ",", "such", "as", "reading", ";", "he", "complains", "of", "alterations", "in", "his", "immediate", "memory", ".", "He", "perceives", "as", "anomalous", "the", "fact", "that", "he", "tries", "to", "perform", "many", "tasks", "that", "he", "does", "not", "finish", "because", "he", "is", "unable", "to", "concentrate", "for", "a", "long", "time", ",", "but", 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"unforced", "expressions", ";", "he", "shows", "great", "interest", "and", "is", "very", "interested", "in", "the", "appreciation", "of", "the", "interlocutor", ",", "maintaining", "intense", "eye", "contact", "and", "showing", "affection", "appropriate", "to", "the", "content", "of", "the", "conversation", ".", "He", "admits", "criticism", ",", "but", "refers", "that", "he", "does", "not", "tolerate", "incoherence", "well", ".", "He", "says", "that", "he", "has", "\"", "almost", "always", "looked", "different", "\"", ",", "and", "that", "he", "does", "not", "know", "whether", "this", "is", "due", "to", "his", "personal", "characteristics", "or", "to", "his", "\"", "way", "of", "thinking", "\"", ".", "Smoker", "of", "about", "eight", "to", "ten", "tobacco", "cigarettes", ".", "No", "other", "consumption", ",", "except", "for", "a", "very", "occasional", "consumption", "of", "no", "more", "than", "50", "grams", "of", "alcohol", "at", "weekends", "when", "he", "goes", "out", "and", "in", "order", "to", "mitigate", "the", "anxiety", "caused", "by", "social", "contact", ".", "He", "is", "critical", "of", "alcohol", "consumption", "and", "says", "that", "it", "sometimes", "worsens", "his", "mood", "as", "he", "sees", "no", "solution", "in", "drinking", ",", "and", "even", "perceives", "it", "as", "an", "attitude", "of", "self-aggressiveness", ".", "An", "outpatient", "detoxification", "is", "proposed", "with", "the", "help", "of", "anxiolytics", "-", "5mg", ".", "of", "alprazolam", "retard", "daily", "-", "and", "30mg", ".", "of", "mirtazapine", "at", "night", ".", "The", "patient", "is", "able", "to", "reduce", "his", "consumption", "to", "two", "or", "three", "joints", "a", "day", ",", "which", "he", "smokes", "compulsively", "in", "the", "evening", ",", "and", "even", "goes", "without", "smoking", "cannabis", "for", "two", "or", "three", "days", "in", "a", "row", ".", "In", "any", "case", ",", "he", "reports", "great", "anxiety", "accompanied", "by", "a", "vegetative", "component", ",", "intense", "irritability", ",", "obsessive", "ideas", ",", "anorexia", ",", "altered", "intestinal", "transit", ",", "a", "feeling", "of", "dystrophy", "and", "an", "increase", "in", "tobacco", "consumption", "to", "more", "than", "double", "what", "he", "used", "to", "smoke", ".", "His", "insomnia", "improves", "and", "he", "reports", "\"", "feeling", "more", "alert", "\"", ",", "but", "there", "is", "no", "abstinence", "as", "his", "anxiety", "is", "very", "intense", "in", "the", "afternoons", ",", "above", "all", "related", "to", "obsessive", "ideas", "concerning", "self-criticism", "of", "his", "behaviour", "and", "decision", "making", ",", "and", "he", "ends", "up", "smoking", "in", "an", "attempt", "to", "reduce", "his", "anxious", "symptoms", "and", "irritability", ",", "reporting", "that", "his", "anxiety", "improves", "but", "not", "the", "rest", "of", "his", "symptoms", ".", "Treatment", "with", "risperidone", "1mg", ".", "at", "midday", "is", "proposed", ",", "and", "he", "manages", "to", "maintain", "abstinence", "more", "easily", "as", "his", "anxiety", "improves", "and", "it", "is", "easier", "for", "him", "to", "stop", "thinking", "and", "plan", "activities", "outside", "of", "consumption", ".", "The", "patient", "has", "not", "yet", "achieved", "abstinence", "for", "more", "than", "a", "month", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis A 32-year-old woman with ulcer on the right upper extremity. No known drug allergies and no toxic habits. Strict vegetarian. Biologist. 5 months stay in Peru in direct contact with all kinds of animals: monkeys, bats, insects, etc.... Previously vaccinated against yellow fever, hepatitis A and B, typhoid fever and rabies. Since her return to Spain, she has been suffering from night sweats every day while afebrile. Three months later, rounded raised lesion (similar to a cigarette burn), crusted, on the posterior region of the left arm. Worsening and progressive growth as the days went by. He started several courses of antibiotics on an outpatient basis after taking a culture of exudate with growth of S. coagulase negative, (Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin) and topical ointments (Gentamicin) without improvement. After the growth and poor evolution, she was assessed by surgery, increasing the duration of antibiotic treatment and debridement. After this time and due to the persistence of the lesion, increase in size and signs of infection and secondary inflammation, she was referred to the hospital for assessment. Exploration BP 97/60, HR 52, Ta 36.4oC, good general condition, well hydrated and perfused. Eupneic at rest. AC: rhythmic at 52 bpm. AP: m.v preserved without added noises. Abdomen soft, not painful, no masses or megaliths. No signs of peritoneal irritation. Lower extremities: no oedema or signs of DVT. Crusty cutaneous lesion on the posterior aspect of the left arm measuring 4.5cm x 3cm. Complementary tests - Blood count, biochemistry, coagulation, thyroid hormones, iron profile and autoimmunity were normal. - Serology for Leishmania, Hepatitis A, B and C, HIV, Brucella, Borrellia, Coxiella and Lues negative. Mantoux and Quantiferon negative. - Endoscopy (gastro and colonoscopy) normal due to persistent abdominal discomfort at epigastric level with diarrhoea and negative stool culture. - Chest-abdomen-pelvis CT scan: no significant findings. - Initial suspicion of Leishmaniasis and pending microbiology results, treatment with amphotericin was started with no apparent improvement. - A skin biopsy compatible with pyoderma gangrenosum was performed and treatment with corticosteroids was started. Subsequently suspended with the results of microbiology. - Microbiology: aerobic and anerobic cultures negative. PCR for Leishmania: negative. Ulcer exudate: auramine stain negative, culture for mycobacteria with growth of M. Ulcerans. PCR for M. Ulcerans: positive. Diagnosis With the findings described above, the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer was made. Treatment and evolution After the diagnosis was confirmed, she received treatment with rifampicin and streptomycin. Currently on this treatment. She is also being monitored jointly by Plastic Surgery, which carries out debridement and care of the ulcer.
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en
Personal history 29-year-old male patient, with no known drug allergies or medical or surgical history of interest. Epidemiological history Born in India, he has lived in Angola for 15 years and travels frequently to Hong Kong for work. Present illness He came to the emergency room of a Spanish hospital because while he was on a cruise with his wife in Greece and Turkey, on the 8th day of the trip, he began to suffer from fever, jaundice, abdominal pain and diarrhoea without pathological products. He went to a medical centre in Turkey, where he underwent a blood test showing GOT 132 U/L; GPT 244 U/L; GGT 199 U/L, negative HBV and HCV serology, negative thick drop and smear test. Three days later, on the 12th day of the cruise, once the cruise was over, he continued with the same clinical picture. He had previously been in Hong Kong for 20 days and during the 7 days prior to the trip in Angola. Physical examination and complementary tests At the emergency department, he presented fever (39o), BP 93/54 mmHg, HR 93lpm, and on physical examination he presented hepatomegaly of 2 crosses, with no other significant alterations. Laboratory tests showed 18000 platelets, creatinine 1.74 mg/dL, total bilirubin 12.14 mg/dL (direct bilirubin 8.63 mg/dL, indirect bilirubin 3.51mg/dL), GOT 141 U/l, GPT 163 U/L. ECG and chest X-ray with no significant alterations; abdominal ultrasound showed discrete hepatomegaly. The rapid malaria diagnostic test was repeated and was positive, smear and thick blood smear with parasitaemia 17%. Evolution during admission A diagnosis of severe malaria was made, with hyperparasitaemia, jaundice/transaminasemia and thrombocytopenia as poor prognostic criteria. Admission to the ICU and treatment was started with artesunate i.v. for 3 days during his stay in the ICU. Subsequently, with recovery of renal function, thrombocytopenia, tolerance of the oral route and haemodynamic stability, it was decided to transfer him to the conventional hospital ward, continuing treatment with artemether-lumefantrine (Riamet), 4 tablets every 12 hours for 3 days. During the following days he presented haemodynamic stability, progressive reduction of fever and transaminases. On day +7 of admission he again had a fever peak (38.7oC), and the blood test showed haemoglobin 10.7 mg/dL (at admission 12.2mg/dL) and LDH 1157 U/L (at admission 570 U/L). During the following days he continued with fever, decreased haemoglobin and elevated LDH, reaching the nadir of haemoglobin (8.3 mg/dL) and elevated LDH 1582 U/L on day +14 of admission. Haemolytic anaemia was studied and the following complementary tests were performed: - Study of haemolysis: elevated reticulocytes, decreased Hb, elevated LDH, normal haptoglobin and study of ferrokinetics within the limits of normality. - Autoimmunity: ANAs and cryoglobulins within normal limits. - Coombs negative - No G6PD deficiency - Immunophenotype within normal limits. - Cholangioresonance: no significant alterations. - With no change in clinical attitude, 13 days later he presented haemoglobin levels of 10.2 mg/dL, LDH 647 U/L, total bilirubin 2.91mg/dL with normalisation of transaminases, and it was therefore decided to discharge him home from hospital with subsequent follow-up in outpatient clinics. Clinical judgement Severe malaria. Haemolytic anaemia secondary to treatment with artesunate. Good clinical evolution until normalisation of the different analytical parameters.
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"199", "U", "/", "L", ",", "negative", "HBV", "and", "HCV", "serology", ",", "negative", "thick", "drop", "and", "smear", "test", ".", "Three", "days", "later", ",", "on", "the", "12th", "day", "of", "the", "cruise", ",", "once", "the", "cruise", "was", "over", ",", "he", "continued", "with", "the", "same", "clinical", "picture", ".", "He", "had", "previously", "been", "in", "Hong", "Kong", "for", "20", "days", "and", "during", "the", "7", "days", "prior", "to", "the", "trip", "in", "Angola", ".", "Physical", "examination", "and", "complementary", "tests", "At", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "he", "presented", "fever", "(", "39o", ")", ",", "BP", "93", "/", "54", "mmHg", ",", "HR", "93lpm", ",", "and", "on", "physical", "examination", "he", "presented", "hepatomegaly", "of", "2", "crosses", ",", "with", "no", "other", "significant", "alterations", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "18000", "platelets", ",", "creatinine", "1", ".", "74", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "total", "bilirubin", "12", ".", "14", "mg", "/", "dL", "(", "direct", "bilirubin", "8", ".", "63", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "indirect", "bilirubin", "3", ".", "51mg", "/", "dL", ")", ",", "GOT", "141", "U", "/", "l", ",", "GPT", "163", "U", "/", "L", ".", "ECG", "and", "chest", "X-ray", "with", "no", "significant", "alterations", ";", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "showed", "discrete", "hepatomegaly", ".", "The", "rapid", "malaria", "diagnostic", "test", "was", "repeated", "and", "was", "positive", ",", "smear", "and", "thick", "blood", "smear", "with", "parasitaemia", "17", "%", ".", "Evolution", "during", "admission", "A", "diagnosis", "of", "severe", "malaria", "was", "made", ",", "with", "hyperparasitaemia", ",", "jaundice", "/", "transaminasemia", "and", "thrombocytopenia", "as", "poor", "prognostic", "criteria", ".", "Admission", "to", "the", "ICU", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "artesunate", "i", ".", "v", ".", "for", "3", "days", "during", "his", "stay", "in", "the", "ICU", 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en
The patient, a 23 year old male, HIV seropositive, acquired by vertical transmission, was admitted on 12/06/2010, with headache of one week's evolution. He presented on computed tomography (CT) of the brain (without contrast) a hypodense image in the right frontal lobe and a left paraventricular image. Empirical treatment for toxoplasmosis was started. He had a history of Isospora belli diarrhoea and negative serology for syphilis, toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease and primary hepatotropic viruses. He had stopped antiretroviral treatment (ART) 2 years earlier, after completing multiple regimens with non-adherence. He is not an iv drug user and lives in a house made of construction material with complete toilets. He travelled to the endemic area at 18 years of age. Abdominal ultrasound revealed hepatosplenomegaly, left kidney with increased medullary echogenicity, isoechoic retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and mild pericardial effusion. Fundus examination was normal and CD4+ T-cell count was 198 cells/mm3. Chest X-ray was normal. He presented with seizures, sensory impairment, headache and paraesthesia in the right upper limb, which led to a lumbar puncture, from which rock crystal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained, with 47 g/dl glucose, 0.5 g/dl protein and 4 cells/mm3. Parasitological study revealed motile (flagellated) elements micromorphologically compatible with T. cruzi trypomastigotes. Serology for Chagas disease was negative by particle agglutination (PA), indirect haemagglutination (HAI) and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was positive with a titre of 1/64 (cut-off value 1/32), and then negative in 3 subsequent successive determinations, performed in the same laboratory. Strout's technique was positive. Treatment was started with Beznidazole (vo), which was discontinued on the 5th day due to the appearance of a severe pruritic skin rash and was replaced by Nifurtimox (vo), while treatment for toxoplasmosis was discontinued. On the 5th day he presented fever and sinus tachycardia with transient haemodynamic decompensation. The echocardiogram showed a slight increase in the size of the left ventricle, with preserved systolic function, and mild concentric hypertrophy and pericardial effusion, configuring a restrictive pattern. At 14 days he presented with symptoms of heart failure and chest X-ray revealed acute myocardial dilatation with a pattern of pulmonary flow redistribution. Electrocardiogram showed 1st degree A-V block and a new echocardiogram showed decreased systolic function and acute myocardial dilatation with signs of failure. He was treated with enalapril, spironolactone, furosemide and corticosteroids as myocardial anti-inflammatory drugs, with which he improved. After 26 days of hospitalisation, he started treatment with vancomycin for a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection linked to a catheter. ART was restarted with Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Saquinavir and Ritonavir. On ECG the A-V block remitted. The patient presented with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, increased blood urea and potassium. Vancomycin, ART and diuretics were discontinued and daptomycin was continued. After 55 days of hospitalisation he was discharged, continuing treatment with Nifurtimox.
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en
REASON FOR CONSULTATION - A 14-month-old infant came to the emergency department on 15-03-20 due to respiratory distress. - He had been suffering from catarrhal symptoms for a week with associated bronchospasm on treatment with salbutamol 4 puff every 8 hours. They report increased difficulty in the last few hours. REASON FOR CONSULTATION - Fever of 37.7oC with isolated febrile peak of 38oC in the last 48 hours. Some vomiting of mucous content, triggered by coughing. Normal stools. - Mother in isolation due to direct contact with COVID-19. PERSONAL HISTORY - Newborn at term. Normal neonatal period. - Virus-induced asthma being treated with salbutamol on demand. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION - On arrival at the emergency department, the patient's O2 Sat. O2 of 86% together with tachypnoea and universal tachypnoea. Ta 37.5oC. - Acceptable general condition. Normal skin and mucosa colouring. No rash or petechiae. - AP: Acceptable bilateral air entry with scattered subcrepitant. - Rest of physical examination normal. COMPLEMENTARY EXPLORATIONS THORAX X-RAY Bilateral interstitial infiltrate. Retrocardiac alveolar infiltrate. Free costophrenic sinuses. - Venous gases: pH 7.36, pCO2 40.4 mmHg, pO2 40.9 mmHg, Bicarbonate 22.7 mmol / L, Exc Base -2.4 - PCR Influenza Virus: NEGATIVE. - PCR VRS: POSITIVE Due to COVID-19 epidemic season and mother in contact with positive patient, SARS-CoV-2 PCR is requested. EVOLUTION - On arrival, oxygen therapy was administered with a venturi mask at a flow rate of 8 bpm (FiO2 31%), as well as bronchodilator treatment (Salbutamol + Ipratropium Bromide) + Methylprednisolone at 2mg/kg by mouth. - Hospitalisation was decided due to the need for additional oxygen therapy due to persistent hypoxaemia. - On admission, routine blood tests showed mild leukocytosis 11310 (5940N 4160L), CRP: 8.7 mg/L, LDH 284, CK 49, GPT 12, glucose 116 and urea 31. In the first 24 hours a NEGATIVE PCR result was obtained for SARS-CoV-2. - During admission he remained afebrile, on treatment with Ampicillin 200mg/kg/day due to middle lobe infiltrate, as well as bronchodilator treatment (Salbutamol and Ipratropium bromide) in chamber together with methylprednisolone in a descending pattern. - He required high-flow oxygen therapy (maximum 12 l.p.m. with FiO2 55%) to maintain saturations in range, which could be progressively lowered until discontinued 48 hours before discharge. Discharge on the third day of admission due to good evolution. DIAGNOSIS - Moderate asthmatic crisis secondary to RSV infection. - JMD pneumonia. TREATMENT - Salbutamol, with spacer chamber and mask, on demand. - Paracetamol, if fever. - Amoxicillin 80mg/kg/day until completing 7 days of treatment. - Alarm guidelines and information sheet with recommendations are given. - Telephone monitoring of the evolution of the disease by the primary care paediatrician is indicated.
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en
Three and a half year old girl known to the clinic since birth. She has no family or perinatal history of note. Psychomotor and weight-bearing development within the normal range. Well vaccinated according to the official calendar of her Autonomous Community. She has also been vaccinated against pneumococcus c and rotavirus. Reason for consultation She presented in May 2012 with a fever of 39o of 24 hours of evolution. The mother commented that her throat was sore. No other clinical manifestations were reported. -Doctor, the child suffers a lot from angina. I think she should be seen by a specialist", says the mother. The examination of the patient in consultation is that of a girl in good general condition, with no rashes or joint involvement, acp: normal, abdomen without visceromegaly, negative meningeal signs. The girl had painful subangulomandibular adenopathies and marked tonsillar hyperemia without clear exudation. No petechiae on the palate. No mouth ulcers are seen. -It's always the throat, isn't it," asks the mother. - Given the clinical and examination findings and doubts about the possible aetiology of the condition, it was decided to carry out a rapid Streptococcus pyogenes test, which was negative. - The mother was informed of the result and the attitude to follow: symptomatic treatment with antipyretic drugs and to notify her if the culture was positive. -She always tells me the same thing, but the child has had a very bad fever for 4 days without taking anything, when an antibiotic would cut these infections once and for all," complains the mother. We reviewed the patient's medical history and found that since October 2011 she had consulted every month for the same symptoms and the same examination had been noted in the history, and the same throat test had been carried out at all the consultations, with negative results. It was decided at this point to assess these very regular consultations and doubts arose as to the possible underlying cause. The clinical history was reviewed to check that the child had not consulted for other conditions. She has not been admitted for infectious conditions or any other cause. NADA , these are the typical symptoms of children in the first year of school. A complete study of immunity in case it is an immunodeficiency. And a self-inflammatory disease? Refer to the ENT specialist as it is a clear candidate for surgery. It was decided at this consultation to carry out basic laboratory tests and a urine culture. At the mother's insistence, she was referred to the ENT specialist. An appointment was made to review the history and see the results. Coinciding with the review of the analysis and the response from the ENT specialist, the girl presented a new case of fever with a focus in the throat similar to that of the last visit. A month has passed. Laboratory tests showed no significant alterations except for a slightly elevated TSH. Urine culture was negative. The mother reports the ENT response: these are normal processes and do not meet surgical criteria. The mother has already requested the antibiotic that she will need for the definitive cure. This time she will not leave without it. It was decided at this consultation to indicate treatment with prednisolone suspension: 2 mg/kg single dose and review of the child in 24 hours. The following day, the child was seen in the clinic and was found to be afebrile after treatment and in good general condition. This response to corticosteroids led us to reflect on the clinical picture and the management of this patient and the mother was informed. It was decided not to perform further tests. The girl fulfils the clinical criteria for the diagnosis known as PFAPA- syndrome. She consulted again for similar processes until January 2013. There were still monthly episodes in which a Streptococcus pyogenes test was performed, which was negative in all cases. Prednisolone was prescribed with a similar response: fever remission in 24 hours. She did not present other intercurrent clinical processes. The child consulted during 2013 for three febrile episodes similar to those of 2012, which were 12 in total (one per month after reviewing the history). The mother agrees to perform a throat test when the examination is compatible with an ENT focus. She continues to be asymptomatic between processes. The mother's pressure to request antibiotherapy has disappeared due to the child's good response to treatment with corticosteroids in the febrile episodes of throat origin and negative cultures of tonsillar exudates.
[ "Three", "and", "a", "half", "year", "old", "girl", "known", "to", "the", "clinic", "since", "birth", ".", "She", "has", "no", "family", "or", "perinatal", "history", "of", "note", ".", "Psychomotor", "and", "weight-bearing", "development", "within", "the", "normal", "range", ".", "Well", "vaccinated", "according", "to", "the", "official", "calendar", "of", "her", "Autonomous", "Community", ".", "She", "has", "also", "been", "vaccinated", "against", "pneumococcus", "c", "and", "rotavirus", ".", "Reason", "for", "consultation", "She", "presented", "in", "May", "2012", "with", "a", "fever", "of", "39o", "of", "24", "hours", "of", "evolution", ".", "The", "mother", "commented", "that", "her", "throat", "was", "sore", ".", "No", "other", "clinical", "manifestations", "were", "reported", ".", "-", "Doctor", ",", "the", "child", "suffers", "a", "lot", "from", "angina", ".", "I", "think", "she", "should", "be", "seen", "by", "a", "specialist", "\"", ",", "says", "the", "mother", ".", "The", "examination", "of", "the", "patient", "in", "consultation", "is", "that", "of", "a", "girl", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "no", "rashes", "or", "joint", "involvement", ",", "acp", ":", "normal", ",", "abdomen", "without", "visceromegaly", ",", "negative", "meningeal", "signs", ".", "The", "girl", "had", "painful", "subangulomandibular", "adenopathies", "and", "marked", "tonsillar", "hyperemia", "without", "clear", "exudation", ".", "No", "petechiae", "on", "the", "palate", ".", "No", "mouth", "ulcers", "are", "seen", ".", "-", "It", "'", "s", "always", "the", "throat", ",", "isn", "'", "t", "it", ",", "\"", "asks", "the", "mother", ".", "-", "Given", "the", "clinical", "and", "examination", "findings", "and", "doubts", "about", "the", "possible", "aetiology", "of", "the", "condition", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "carry", "out", "a", "rapid", "Streptococcus", "pyogenes", "test", ",", "which", "was", "negative", ".", "-", "The", "mother", "was", "informed", "of", "the", "result", "and", "the", "attitude", "to", "follow", ":", "symptomatic", "treatment", "with", "antipyretic", "drugs", "and", "to", "notify", "her", "if", "the", "culture", "was", "positive", ".", "-", "She", "always", "tells", "me", "the", "same", "thing", ",", "but", "the", "child", "has", "had", "a", "very", "bad", "fever", "for", "4", "days", "without", "taking", "anything", ",", "when", "an", "antibiotic", "would", "cut", "these", "infections", "once", "and", "for", "all", ",", "\"", "complains", "the", "mother", ".", "We", "reviewed", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "medical", "history", "and", "found", "that", "since", "October", "2011", "she", "had", "consulted", "every", "month", "for", "the", "same", "symptoms", "and", "the", "same", "examination", "had", "been", "noted", "in", "the", "history", ",", "and", "the", "same", "throat", "test", "had", "been", "carried", "out", "at", "all", "the", "consultations", ",", "with", "negative", "results", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "at", "this", "point", "to", "assess", "these", "very", "regular", "consultations", "and", "doubts", "arose", "as", "to", "the", "possible", "underlying", "cause", ".", "The", "clinical", "history", "was", "reviewed", "to", "check", "that", "the", "child", "had", "not", "consulted", "for", "other", "conditions", ".", "She", "has", "not", "been", "admitted", "for", "infectious", "conditions", "or", "any", "other", "cause", ".", "NADA", ",", "these", "are", "the", "typical", "symptoms", "of", "children", "in", "the", "first", "year", "of", "school", ".", "A", "complete", "study", "of", "immunity", "in", "case", "it", "is", "an", "immunodeficiency", ".", "And", "a", "self-inflammatory", "disease", "?", "Refer", "to", "the", "ENT", "specialist", "as", "it", "is", "a", "clear", "candidate", "for", "surgery", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "at", "this", "consultation", "to", "carry", "out", "basic", "laboratory", "tests", "and", "a", "urine", "culture", ".", "At", "the", "mother", "'", "s", "insistence", ",", "she", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "ENT", "specialist", ".", "An", "appointment", "was", "made", "to", "review", "the", "history", "and", "see", "the", "results", ".", "Coinciding", "with", "the", "review", "of", "the", "analysis", "and", "the", "response", "from", "the", "ENT", "specialist", ",", "the", "girl", "presented", "a", "new", "case", "of", "fever", "with", "a", "focus", "in", "the", "throat", "similar", "to", "that", "of", "the", "last", "visit", ".", "A", "month", "has", "passed", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "no", "significant", "alterations", "except", "for", "a", "slightly", "elevated", "TSH", ".", "Urine", "culture", "was", "negative", ".", "The", "mother", "reports", "the", "ENT", "response", ":", "these", "are", "normal", "processes", "and", "do", "not", "meet", "surgical", "criteria", ".", "The", "mother", "has", "already", "requested", "the", "antibiotic", "that", "she", "will", "need", "for", "the", "definitive", "cure", ".", "This", "time", "she", "will", "not", "leave", "without", "it", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "at", "this", "consultation", "to", "indicate", "treatment", "with", "prednisolone", "suspension", ":", "2", "mg", "/", "kg", "single", "dose", "and", "review", "of", "the", "child", "in", "24", "hours", ".", "The", "following", "day", ",", "the", "child", "was", "seen", "in", "the", "clinic", "and", "was", "found", "to", "be", "afebrile", "after", "treatment", "and", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ".", "This", "response", "to", "corticosteroids", "led", "us", "to", "reflect", "on", "the", "clinical", "picture", "and", "the", "management", "of", "this", "patient", "and", "the", "mother", "was", "informed", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "not", "to", "perform", "further", "tests", ".", "The", "girl", "fulfils", "the", "clinical", "criteria", "for", "the", "diagnosis", "known", "as", "PFAPA", "-", "syndrome", ".", "She", "consulted", "again", "for", "similar", "processes", "until", "January", "2013", ".", "There", "were", "still", "monthly", "episodes", "in", "which", "a", "Streptococcus", "pyogenes", "test", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "was", "negative", "in", "all", "cases", ".", "Prednisolone", "was", "prescribed", "with", "a", "similar", "response", ":", "fever", "remission", "in", "24", "hours", ".", "She", "did", "not", "present", "other", "intercurrent", "clinical", "processes", ".", "The", "child", "consulted", "during", "2013", "for", "three", "febrile", "episodes", "similar", "to", "those", "of", "2012", ",", "which", "were", "12", "in", "total", "(", "one", "per", "month", "after", "reviewing", "the", "history", ")", ".", "The", "mother", "agrees", "to", "perform", "a", "throat", "test", "when", "the", "examination", "is", "compatible", "with", "an", "ENT", "focus", ".", "She", "continues", "to", "be", "asymptomatic", "between", "processes", ".", "The", "mother", "'", "s", "pressure", "to", "request", "antibiotherapy", "has", "disappeared", 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en
A 61-year-old patient with the following personal history: infiltrating epidermoid carcinoma of the tonsil treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, currently free of disease, stroke without sequelae, mild carotid stenosis and active drinker. He came to the emergency department for diffuse abdominal pain and general malaise accompanied by a cough with rusty secretions of several days' duration. No fever or dysthermic sensation was reported. Examination: BP: 70/40 mmHg, HR: 110 bpm, SpO2: 93% (FiO2 0.6), afebrile; poor general condition, cutaneomucous pallor with signs of poor distal perfusion; septic mouth with dental caries and bacterial plaque on the gums. Tachypnoea at rest, with shallow breathing with crackles in the right hemithorax and decreased vesicular murmur in the left base. Abdomen with no pathological findings despite being the initial reason for consultation. The rest of the examination was unremarkable. The electrocardiogram showed generalised concave ST elevation. In view of these findings and the poor haemodynamic improvement despite the administration of goal-guided fluid therapy, admission to the ICU for stabilisation was decided. A central venous line was cannulated and vasoactive therapy was started with noradrenaline at a dose of 0.04 ug/kg/min. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed showing severe pericardial effusion with diastolic collapse of the right ventricle, compatible with tamponade. Differential diagnosis Generalised ST elevation of concave morphology, accompanied by infectious symptoms, should alert us to the presence of possible pericarditis. These ECG alterations together with the presence of pericardial effusion establish the diagnosis of pericarditis by fulfilling two of the four criteria proposed by the guidelines1 . Non-infectious aetiologies of pericarditis include autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, thoracic trauma, drugs and neoplasms, among the most frequent. The latter is important to take into consideration in our patient, in the context of possible metastatic disease, given the history of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma. However, the rest of the a priori aetiologies could be ruled out in view of the clinical manifestations and the absence of personal and pharmacological antecedents to support them. The presence of infectious respiratory symptoms, as the most striking finding, associated with haemodynamic instability, makes us lean towards the group of infectious aetiologies. Within this group we highlight: - Viruses: Coxsackie virus B is known as the most common cause in the literature, especially in the paediatric population. However, according to the latest series, in adults, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus and HIV should be considered as the most common aetiologies2. Viruses are often associated with mild pericardial effusions, including HIV in the current era of new antiretroviral therapies. In addition, most of them have characteristic additional symptoms/signs (skin rashes, alterations in liver markers in hepatotropic viruses, gastrointestinal symptoms, etc.), which could point to a specific aetiology. - Bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most frequent pathogens in this group. Although it accounts for only 4% of all cases of pericarditis in developed countries, Spain is one of the countries with the highest incidence of tuberculosis in Europe. This, together with the high mortality that pericardial involvement by this microorganism would entail (25% at 6 months in the absence of HIV co-infection), makes it necessary to take it into consideration in the differential diagnosis. Other less common bacteria (<1% of cases) causing purulent pericarditis include Staphylococcus sp, S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus sp and Haemophilus sp. They usually present as an acute illness characterised by high fever, present in most patients, tachycardia, cough and chest pain (regardless of the pathogen involved or the pathogenesis of the infection). Patients are usually severely ill, although they may have an initially indolent course. Other pathogens are associated with more representative data that support the diagnosis, as is the case of cardiac involvement by Borrelia burgdorferi, in which case we would characteristically find alterations of the cardiac conduction system as an accompanying manifestation of pericarditis. In recurrent or prolonged pericarditis, Coxiella burnetii infection should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis, as it can characteristically present chronically as well as acutely. - Fungi: Aspergillus sp, Candida sp, among others, usually occur in severely immunosuppressed patients and are very rare even in this context. - Parasites: practically exceptional, to be taken into account depending on the patient's epidemiology. Evolution Parasternal pericardiocentesis was performed and a total of 1450 ml of purulent material came out, and samples were collected for pathological anatomy, microbiology and clinical analysis. In view of these findings, after drawing blood and urine cultures, Meropenem 1 gram/8 hours + linezolid 600 mg/12 hours was started, taking into account the clinical instability with little improvement to the measures initially established. After these measures, he improved clinically and haemodynamically in the following hours, allowing the reduction of vasoactive therapy. The results of the laboratory tests taken in the emergency department were received, highlighting: a) Biochemistry: CRP 312.1 mg/L, Procalcitonin 35.86 ng/mL, NT-proBNP 12,620 pg/mL, Troponin I (high sensitivity) 50.2 pg/mL, creatinine 2.03 mg/dL, electrolytes without significant alterations; b) Haemocytes: 31,900 leukocytes/μL with 91.5% neutrophils, haemoglobin 8. 8 g/dL, 546,000 platelets/μL; c) Coagulation: prothrombin time 56.4%, INR 1.42, TPTA 38.2s and fibrinogen 538.2 mg/ dL; e) Venous blood gases: pH 7.22 pCO2 59 HCO3 24. 1 lactic acid 7.5; f) Pericardial fluid: 300,000 red blood cells/μL, 92,360 leukocytes/μL (polymorphonuclear 90%; mononuclear 10%), glucose 0 mg/dL, total protein 4.2 g/dL. Chest X-ray showed evidence of cardiomegaly with no masses or condensation in the lung parenchyma. These findings supported the diagnosis of septic shock with purulent pericarditis. After 21 hours of admission to the ICU, and despite initial improvement, the patient presented cardiorespiratory arrest in asystole after extreme bradycardia. Advanced life support manoeuvres were started and control echocardiography was performed during the same, which ruled out new tamponade and post-puncture complications, without showing blood-tinged drainage or greater purulent debit. The patient finally died. Subsequently, blood cultures isolated multisensitive Streptococcus constellatus and the pericardial fluid culture was negative. However, the anatomopathological results of the fluid show abundant polymorphous leukocytes, mainly mature-looking lymphocytes and neutrophils, with no signs of malignancy, which would support the diagnosis of bacterial aetiology of the process. Final diagnosis Purulent pericarditis probably secondary to Streptococcus constellatus.
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"caries", "and", "bacterial", "plaque", "on", "the", "gums", ".", "Tachypnoea", "at", "rest", ",", "with", "shallow", "breathing", "with", "crackles", "in", "the", "right", "hemithorax", "and", "decreased", "vesicular", "murmur", "in", "the", "left", "base", ".", "Abdomen", "with", "no", "pathological", "findings", "despite", "being", "the", "initial", "reason", "for", "consultation", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", "was", "unremarkable", ".", "The", "electrocardiogram", "showed", "generalised", "concave", "ST", "elevation", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", "and", "the", "poor", "haemodynamic", "improvement", "despite", "the", "administration", "of", "goal-guided", "fluid", "therapy", ",", "admission", "to", "the", "ICU", "for", "stabilisation", "was", "decided", ".", "A", "central", "venous", "line", "was", "cannulated", "and", "vasoactive", "therapy", "was", "started", "with", "noradrenaline", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "0", ".", "04", "ug", "/", "kg", "/", "min", ".", "A", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "was", "performed", "showing", "severe", "pericardial", "effusion", "with", "diastolic", "collapse", "of", "the", "right", "ventricle", ",", "compatible", "with", "tamponade", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "Generalised", "ST", "elevation", "of", "concave", "morphology", ",", "accompanied", "by", "infectious", "symptoms", ",", "should", "alert", "us", "to", "the", "presence", "of", "possible", "pericarditis", ".", "These", "ECG", "alterations", "together", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "pericardial", "effusion", "establish", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "pericarditis", "by", "fulfilling", "two", "of", "the", "four", "criteria", "proposed", "by", "the", "guidelines1", ".", "Non-infectious", "aetiologies", "of", "pericarditis", "include", "autoimmune", "diseases", ",", "inflammatory", "diseases", ",", "metabolic", "disorders", ",", "thoracic", "trauma", ",", "drugs", "and", "neoplasms", ",", "among", "the", "most", "frequent", ".", "The", "latter", "is", "important", "to", "take", "into", "consideration", "in", "our", "patient", ",", "in", "the", "context", "of", "possible", "metastatic", "disease", ",", "given", "the", "history", "of", "locally", "advanced", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", ".", "However", ",", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "a", "priori", "aetiologies", "could", "be", "ruled", "out", "in", "view", "of", "the", "clinical", "manifestations", "and", "the", "absence", "of", "personal", "and", "pharmacological", "antecedents", "to", "support", "them", ".", "The", "presence", "of", "infectious", "respiratory", "symptoms", ",", "as", "the", "most", "striking", "finding", ",", "associated", "with", "haemodynamic", "instability", ",", "makes", "us", "lean", "towards", "the", "group", "of", "infectious", "aetiologies", ".", "Within", "this", "group", "we", "highlight", ":", "-", "Viruses", ":", "Coxsackie", "virus", "B", "is", "known", "as", "the", "most", "common", "cause", "in", "the", "literature", ",", "especially", "in", "the", "paediatric", "population", ".", "However", ",", "according", "to", "the", "latest", "series", ",", "in", "adults", ",", "cytomegalovirus", ",", "herpes", "virus", "and", "HIV", "should", "be", "considered", "as", "the", "most", "common", "aetiologies2", ".", "Viruses", "are", "often", "associated", "with", "mild", "pericardial", "effusions", ",", "including", "HIV", "in", "the", "current", "era", "of", "new", "antiretroviral", "therapies", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "most", "of", "them", "have", "characteristic", "additional", "symptoms", "/", "signs", "(", "skin", "rashes", ",", "alterations", "in", "liver", "markers", "in", "hepatotropic", "viruses", ",", "gastrointestinal", "symptoms", ",", "etc", ".", ")", ",", "which", "could", "point", "to", "a", "specific", "aetiology", ".", "-", "Bacteria", ":", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "is", "one", "of", "the", "most", "frequent", "pathogens", "in", "this", "group", ".", "Although", "it", "accounts", "for", "only", "4", "%", "of", "all", "cases", "of", "pericarditis", "in", "developed", "countries", ",", "Spain", "is", "one", "of", "the", "countries", "with", "the", "highest", "incidence", "of", "tuberculosis", "in", "Europe", ".", "This", ",", "together", "with", "the", "high", "mortality", "that", "pericardial", "involvement", "by", "this", "microorganism", "would", "entail", "(", "25", "%", "at", "6", "months", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "HIV", "co-infection", ")", ",", "makes", "it", "necessary", "to", "take", "it", "into", "consideration", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ".", "Other", "less", "common", "bacteria", "(", "<", "1", "%", "of", "cases", ")", "causing", "purulent", "pericarditis", "include", "Staphylococcus", "sp", ",", "S", ".", "pneumoniae", ",", "Streptococcus", "sp", "and", "Haemophilus", "sp", ".", "They", "usually", "present", "as", "an", "acute", "illness", "characterised", "by", "high", "fever", ",", "present", "in", "most", "patients", ",", "tachycardia", ",", "cough", "and", "chest", "pain", "(", "regardless", "of", "the", "pathogen", "involved", "or", "the", "pathogenesis", "of", "the", "infection", ")", ".", "Patients", "are", "usually", "severely", "ill", ",", "although", "they", "may", "have", "an", "initially", "indolent", "course", ".", "Other", "pathogens", "are", "associated", "with", "more", "representative", "data", "that", "support", "the", "diagnosis", ",", "as", "is", "the", "case", "of", "cardiac", "involvement", "by", "Borrelia", "burgdorferi", ",", "in", "which", "case", "we", "would", "characteristically", "find", "alterations", "of", "the", "cardiac", "conduction", "system", "as", "an", "accompanying", "manifestation", "of", "pericarditis", ".", "In", "recurrent", "or", "prolonged", "pericarditis", ",", "Coxiella", "burnetii", "infection", "should", "be", "taken", "into", "account", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ",", "as", "it", "can", "characteristically", "present", "chronically", "as", "well", "as", "acutely", ".", "-", "Fungi", ":", "Aspergillus", "sp", ",", "Candida", "sp", ",", "among", "others", ",", "usually", "occur", "in", "severely", "immunosuppressed", "patients", "and", "are", "very", "rare", "even", "in", "this", "context", ".", "-", "Parasites", ":", "practically", "exceptional", ",", "to", "be", "taken", "into", "account", "depending", "on", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "epidemiology", ".", "Evolution", "Parasternal", "pericardiocentesis", "was", "performed", "and", "a", "total", "of", "1450", "ml", "of", "purulent", "material", "came", "out", ",", "and", "samples", "were", "collected", "for", "pathological", "anatomy", ",", "microbiology", "and", "clinical", "analysis", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", ",", "after", "drawing", "blood", "and", "urine", "cultures", ",", "Meropenem", "1", "gram", "/", "8", "hours", "+", "linezolid", "600", "mg", "/", "12", "hours", "was", "started", ",", "taking", "into", "account", "the", "clinical", "instability", "with", "little", "improvement", "to", "the", "measures", "initially", "established", ".", "After", "these", "measures", ",", "he", "improved", "clinically", "and", "haemodynamically", "in", "the", "following", "hours", ",", "allowing", "the", "reduction", "of", "vasoactive", "therapy", ".", "The", "results", "of", "the", "laboratory", "tests", "taken", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", "were", "received", ",", "highlighting", ":", "a", ")", "Biochemistry", ":", "CRP", "312", ".", "1", "mg", "/", "L", ",", "Procalcitonin", "35", ".", "86", "ng", "/", "mL", ",", "NT-proBNP", "12", ",", "620", "pg", "/", "mL", ",", "Troponin", "I", "(", "high", "sensitivity", ")", "50", ".", "2", "pg", "/", "mL", ",", "creatinine", "2", ".", "03", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "electrolytes", "without", "significant", "alterations", ";", "b", ")", "Haemocytes", ":", "31", ",", "900", "leukocytes", "/", "μL", "with", "91", ".", "5", "%", "neutrophils", ",", "haemoglobin", "8", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dL", ",", "546", ",", "000", "platelets", "/", "μL", ";", "c", ")", "Coagulation", ":", "prothrombin", "time", "56", ".", "4", "%", ",", "INR", "1", ".", "42", ",", "TPTA", "38", ".", "2s", "and", "fibrinogen", "538", ".", "2", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "e", ")", "Venous", "blood", "gases", ":", "pH", "7", ".", "22", "pCO2", "59", "HCO3", "24", ".", "1", "lactic", "acid", "7", ".", "5", ";", "f", ")", "Pericardial", "fluid", ":", "300", ",", "000", "red", "blood", "cells", "/", "μL", ",", "92", ",", "360", "leukocytes", "/", "μL", "(", "polymorphonuclear", "90", "%", ";", "mononuclear", "10", "%", ")", ",", "glucose", "0", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "total", "protein", "4", ".", "2", "g", "/", "dL", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "evidence", "of", "cardiomegaly", "with", "no", "masses", "or", "condensation", "in", "the", "lung", "parenchyma", ".", "These", "findings", "supported", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "septic", "shock", "with", "purulent", "pericarditis", ".", "After", "21", "hours", "of", "admission", "to", "the", "ICU", ",", "and", "despite", "initial", "improvement", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "cardiorespiratory", "arrest", "in", "asystole", "after", "extreme", "bradycardia", ".", "Advanced", "life", "support", "manoeuvres", "were", "started", "and", "control", "echocardiography", "was", "performed", "during", "the", "same", ",", "which", "ruled", "out", "new", "tamponade", "and", "post-puncture", "complications", ",", "without", "showing", "blood-tinged", "drainage", "or", "greater", "purulent", "debit", ".", "The", "patient", "finally", "died", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "blood", "cultures", "isolated", "multisensitive", "Streptococcus", "constellatus", "and", "the", "pericardial", "fluid", "culture", "was", "negative", ".", "However", ",", "the", "anatomopathological", "results", "of", "the", "fluid", "show", "abundant", "polymorphous", "leukocytes", ",", "mainly", "mature-looking", "lymphocytes", "and", "neutrophils", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "malignancy", ",", "which", "would", "support", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "bacterial", "aetiology", "of", "the", "process", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Purulent", "pericarditis", "probably", "secondary", "to", "Streptococcus", "constellatus", "." ]
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en
A 47-year-old woman with a history of severe, colicky, hypogastric abdominal pain, of approximately 18 days' duration, consulted for a history of colicky, hypogastric abdominal pain. She was studied with stool culture, faecal leucocytes, serology for yersinia, and colonoscopy, all within normal limits. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis showed findings compatible with distal ileitis associated with dilatation of proximal bowel loops and uterine fibroids; given the good clinical evolution, she was discharged with symptomatic management and antibiotic treatment. Patient consults again 10 days later, for a picture of similar characteristics to the previous one, with more intense pain, associated with marked abdominal distension, decreased gas elimination and constipation of 2 days of evolution, so new CT scan of abdomen and pelvis is performed. Diagnosis: Endometriosis of the distal ileum, a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. The CT scan showed parietal thickening of the distal ileum, compatible with ileitis, with greater secondary dilatation of the proximal small intestine. The abdominal pain coincided with the onset of the menstrual cycle in both consultations. When assessed by gynaecology, the patient reported severe dysmenorrhoea, disabling dyspareunia, chronic cyclical pelvic pain in relation to menstruation and the existence of a sister diagnosed with endometriosis. Given this history and the findings of the radiological studies, the diagnosis of intestinal endometriosis was suggested and it was decided to complement the study with computed tomography enteroclysis (CT), which showed eccentric massive thickening at the level of the distal ileum, associated with an adjacent cystic lesion, with haemorrhagic content and signs of partial obstruction of the small intestine, which corresponds as a first possibility to a focus of endometriosis. Given these findings, surgical resolution was decided, which consisted of laparoscopic resection of the terminal ileum and cecum, with subsequent entero-colic anastomosis. Pathological anatomy showed a segment of ileum with multifocal endometriosis in the tunica muscularis propria and subserosa, associated with peri-ileal endometriomas.
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en
A 53 year old man was admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) after recovering from cardiorespiratory arrest in the street. Personal history Arterial hypertension under treatment with enalapril 20 mg. Type 2 diabetes mellitus being treated with metformin. Hyperuricaemia with several episodes of gouty arthritis. On treatment with allopurinol. Present illness Witnesses report that, while working (cook) and without reporting any previous symptoms, he fainted with loss of consciousness. After the initial approach by the witnesses, 112 was contacted, the absence of breathing or signs of life was detected and basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation manoeuvres were started. After 7 minutes, following the arrival of Basic Life Support (112), a defibrillable rhythm is detected by AED. Up to 4 shocks with the corresponding 30:2 cycles were applied together with 2 boluses of adrenaline and 300 mg of amiodarone. After the fourth shock the patient recovered sinus rhythm at 92 bpm and was transferred to the CICU sedated, intubated and connected to mechanical ventilation. Physical examination Sedoanalgesia. RASS -4. Pupils isochoric, miotic and reactive. BP 95/45; HR 125 bpm; peripheral O2 saturation 100% with FiO2 of 100%. Rhythmic, tachycardic heart sounds without murmurs. Bladder murmur preserved bilaterally. Abdomen slightly distended and tympanic. Bowel sounds present. Lower limbs without oedema and bilateral pulses present and symmetrical. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS CBC: haemoglobin 14.5 g/dl; leucocytes 12,900 (36 % N); platelets 191. 000; prothrombin activity 100 %; creatinine 1.2 mg/dl; GFR (MDRD-4) 67 ml/min; glucose 293 mg/dl; BUN 17 U/L; sodium 142 mee/l; potassium 3.9 meq/l; GOT 197 U/l; GPT 159 U/L; troponin I 0.045 ng/ml; NT-proBNP 636 pg/ml; CRP < 5 mg/l. Peak troponin I: 3 ng/ml. Urine toxicity: cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis negative. Chest X-ray: slight increase in cardiothoracic index. No evidence of infiltrates. Endotracheal tube is centred and normally positioned. A-B balance on arrival: pH 7.34; pO2 427; pCO2 48; HCO3 25.9; lactic 7.6 mmol/l. Transthoracic echocardiography: slightly hypertrophic left ventricle with segmental alterations of contractility. Moderately reduced left ventricular systolic function. Prolonged relaxation of the normal ventricle with normal systolic function. Cranial CT: no significant alterations in brain parenchymal density. Ventricular system of normal size and morphology, without displacements with respect to the midline. No signs of intracranial bleeding were observed. Cardiac magnetic resonance: non-dilated left ventricle with moderate left ventricular dysfunction. Intramyocardial patchy intramyocardial enhancement in anterior and posterior mid-apical face. Findings compatible with acute myocarditis. EVOLUTION The patient was admitted to the CICU and femoral venous access was channelled for induced hypothermia for the first 24 hours at 33°C. He was kept sedated and anaesthetised. He remained sedated and relaxed, with a tendency to bradycardia and arterial hypotension. Internal environment is corrected, achieving normalisation of lactacidemia and pH. After 24 hours of hypothermia, progressive rewarming, withdrawal of relaxation and gradual suspension of sedation was started. Seventy-two hours after admission, the patient presented with abnormal movements, such as shivering, coinciding with an increase in temperature (38°C), for which reason an EEG was requested, which ruled out the presence of status convulsus. Antibiotic therapy was intensified (ceftriaxone + clindamycin) after finding a right basal infiltrate on X-ray, probably related to aspiration during intubation. Weaning progressed to extubation on the 5th day. The cranial CT scan after extubation showed no alterations of interest. Monitoring in the CICU detected the presence of ventricular extrasystoles without sustained arrhythmias. Coronary angiography showed coronary arteries free of significant obstructive lesions. Once on the hospital ward, he remained in asymptomatic rehabilitation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed patchy intramyocardial uptake compatible with myocarditis and left ventricular function was moderately depressed (38%). Two weeks after admission, a single-chamber ICD was implanted, without incident, for secondary prevention of sudden death secondary to cardiomyopathy due to myocarditis. DIAGNOSIS Cardiorespiratory arrest recovered. Aspirative pneumonia. Cardiomyopathy secondary to myocarditis.
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"troponin", "I", ":", "3", "ng", "/", "ml", ".", "Urine", "toxicity", ":", "cocaine", ",", "amphetamines", ",", "cannabis", "negative", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "slight", "increase", "in", "cardiothoracic", "index", ".", "No", "evidence", "of", "infiltrates", ".", "Endotracheal", "tube", "is", "centred", "and", "normally", "positioned", ".", "A-B", "balance", "on", "arrival", ":", "pH", "7", ".", "34", ";", "pO2", "427", ";", "pCO2", "48", ";", "HCO3", "25", ".", "9", ";", "lactic", "7", ".", "6", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "Transthoracic", "echocardiography", ":", "slightly", "hypertrophic", "left", "ventricle", "with", "segmental", "alterations", "of", "contractility", ".", "Moderately", "reduced", "left", "ventricular", "systolic", "function", ".", "Prolonged", "relaxation", "of", "the", "normal", "ventricle", "with", "normal", "systolic", "function", ".", "Cranial", "CT", ":", "no", "significant", "alterations", "in", "brain", "parenchymal", "density", ".", "Ventricular", "system", 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en
A 69-year-old patient attended the emergency department of the main hospital of a town in the "red zone" in Lombardy (Italy). He reported worsening dyspnoea, persistent cough and weakness, of four days' evolution. A chest CT scan showed diffuse bilateral interstitial inflammation with subpleural consolidations. Nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19 by real-time RT-PCR assay. Laboratory tests showed high inflammatory markers and lymphocytopenia (white blood cell count 23080/mm3, neutrophils 91.4%, lymphocytes 1.4%, C-reactive protein 52.7 mg/L) and increased hs-TnI (4332 ng/L). Arterial blood gases showed severe metabolic acidosis, with hyperlactoacidemia (pH 7.2; base excess -6 mEq/L, lactate 9 mmol/dL) and hypoxemia. Non-invasive ventilation was started. First echocardiography showed left ventricular dilatation (LV end-diastolic diameter 56 mm), severe and diffuse LV hypokinesia (LV ejection fraction 34%). Three hours later, the LV ejection fraction dropped to 25% and the cardiac index was 1.4 L/min/m2. Coronary angiography findings were unremarkable. An aortic counterpulsation balloon was placed, in addition to adrenaline (0.07 microgram/kg/min), and noradrenaline (0.1 microgram/kg/min) was added because of worsening hypotension (systolic blood pressure: 80/67/60 mmHg). The mobile team of our third level centre with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was activated for application of ECMO-VA and transfer of the patient to our hospital. After application of ECMO, the patient presented clear and sudden desaturation requiring orotracheal intubation. On admission to our ICU, due to the maintenance of minimal ventricular ejection and aortic orifice, inotropic support was gradually decreased and finally withdrawn to avoid myocardial adrenergic stimulation. EMB was performed and a venous catheter was placed in the right jugular vein because of persistent severe hypoxaemia, thus switching from ECMO-VA to ECMO-VAV. LV activity progressively returned to normal values on day 5, when ECMO and aortic balloon counterpulsation were removed. Twelve days after ECMO removal, the patient suddenly developed gram-negative pneumonia (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and died of septic shock within a few hours, without any alteration of LV activity.
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en
Anamnesis A 61-year-old male smoker of 1 pack/day (he has smoked up to 3 packs/day) for more than 40 years and an occasional drinker, with a history of: dyslipidaemia, glaucoma for the last two years being followed up by Ophthalmology, and cervical and lumbar hernias treated conservatively, with discharge by Neurosurgery. He was admitted urgently to prioritise studies from the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic after being diagnosed with a probable Masquerade Syndrome in Ophthalmology, having to rule out as a first option that this was a neoplastic manifestation of a primary tumour. In June 2013, the patient lost part of the vision in his right eye, without being assessed until January 2014, at which time he was referred to the retina specialist, who diagnosed him with probable Masked Syndrome in February of the current year with VA of the OD of 0.7 out of 1. During this entire period of time, his vision has not changed with respect to the loss during the month of June. It is noteworthy that the patient is totally asymptomatic from any point of view. No asthenia, hyporexia or weight loss in recent months. No B symptoms. He does not report travelling abroad, new drug intake, contact with animals or risky sexual relations. Physical examination Good general condition. Vigilant, oriented and cooperative. Eupneic at rest. Tolerates decubitus. Brown skin colour. Normohydrated and normoperfused. BP 120/70. HR 60 bpm. Basal O2 sat 98%. Afebrile. Weight 73.4 kg. Height 1.83 m (BMI 25.86). CYC and oropharynx without findings. Cardiopulmonary auscultation: normal. Abdomen: no findings. Lower extremities: no findings. Neurological examination: no focality or other pathological findings. In conclusion: examination within the normal range. Complementary tests The study began with the following tests: - Blood count: normal. Normal ESR. CRP 7.8 mg/l (normal between 0-5). - Blood smear: no significant morphological alterations. - Coagulation: within normal limits. - Biochemistry: creatinine 1.62 mg/dl (normal between 0.6-1.4); filtration 46 ml/min (normal sup 60); rest of hepatorenal profile within normality. Cortisol normal. Normal PSA. ACE 60 IU/l (0-50 normal). - Immunoglobulins: Ig A 78.4 mg/dl (normal between 90-410) and Ig M 717 mg/dl (normal between 55-350). Ig G normal. Proteinogram: normal. - Serology: RPR negative. Toxoplasma gondii Ig G 32.8 IU/ml (positive sup 9.9) and IgM negative. HIV, B and C viruses negative. EBV Ig G 232 U/ml (positive sup 20) and Ig M negative. CMV IgG positive 47.8 U/ml (positive sup 14) and Ig M negative. - Autoimmunity: ANA, antiDNA, antiSm, antiRo and antiLa negative. Rheumatoid factor: normal. - 24-hour urine: creatinine clearance 54.75 ml/min. Calcium 29.90 mg/24h. Calcium/creatinine 24.47 mgCa/gCre (both low). Urine culture and urine fungal culture: negative. - Chest X-ray: emphysematous chest. Cardiothoracic index normal. Normal hilae. Free costophrenic sinuses. No obvious pathological parenchymal parenchymal images. - Mantoux: negative. - Abdominal CT scan: mass-conglomerate of adenomegaly in the subcarinal region - oesophageal pleuroacic recess, hilar adenomegaly and in the right basal pyramid. Spiculated, solid nodule in the right middle lobe. Largest diameter 21 mm. Bilateral hepatic punctate hypodensities. Possible millimetric cysts. Image compatible with angioma of 10 mm in segment seven. Images of adenomas in both adrenals. Normal right kidney. Left renal hydronephrosis with very thinned cortical cortex produced by intraureteral mass of 6 cm in length. Pulmonary neoplasm with mediastinal adenomegaly and/or metastasis of a duct tumour should be ruled out. - Abdominal ultrasound: Left kidney with high-grade hydronephrosis, with great dilatation of the proximal ureter, calcific hydronephrotic balls and parenchymal atrophy. No free fluid. Rest of structures within normality. - Cranial MRI: midline preserved. A multitude of rounded lesions of high intensity T2 and low T1 can be seen. The largest of them has a diameter of 9mm. They are located in both cerebral hemispheres, cerebellar vermis, right cerebellar hemisphere and brainstem. Many of them show minimal perilesional oedema in the FLAIR sequence. Notable thickening (3.8mm) of the posterior pole of the right eyeball in probable relation to the chorio-retinitis mentioned. Findings suggestive of multiple brain metastases, especially after thoraco-abdominal CT scan. Diagnosis Mascarada syndrome (diffuse choroiditis + papillitis) as the first manifestation of a tumour of the left urinary tract with pulmonary and CNS metastases. Treatment and evolution After more than 10 days in Internal Medicine, with the hydronephrosis caused by the ureteral lesion visualised by ultrasound and in view of the deterioration of renal function, it was decided to transfer him to Urology. Urology performed ureteroscopy and biopsies. She was discharged a week after being in charge of Urology, with a permeable nephrostomy catheter, with persistence and even slight worsening of renal failure (Cr 1.86 and FG 39), being haemodynamically stable, afebrile and with clear urine. Ten days after discharge, the results of the pathological anatomy were obtained, which reported compatibility of the samples with a tumour of urothelial origin through ureteral lavage. One month later the patient was referred to medical oncology, where palliative chemotherapy with Carboplatin and Gemcitabine was prescribed, given the extent of the disease and its poor prognosis.
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"vision", "in", "his", "right", "eye", ",", "without", "being", "assessed", "until", "January", "2014", ",", "at", "which", "time", "he", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "retina", "specialist", ",", "who", "diagnosed", "him", "with", "probable", "Masked", "Syndrome", "in", "February", "of", "the", "current", "year", "with", "VA", "of", "the", "OD", "of", "0", ".", "7", "out", "of", "1", ".", "During", "this", "entire", "period", "of", "time", ",", "his", "vision", "has", "not", "changed", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "loss", "during", "the", "month", "of", "June", ".", "It", "is", "noteworthy", "that", "the", "patient", "is", "totally", "asymptomatic", "from", "any", "point", "of", "view", ".", "No", "asthenia", ",", "hyporexia", "or", "weight", "loss", "in", "recent", "months", ".", "No", "B", "symptoms", ".", "He", "does", "not", "report", "travelling", "abroad", ",", "new", "drug", "intake", ",", "contact", "with", "animals", "or", "risky", "sexual", "relations", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Good", "general", "condition", ".", "Vigilant", ",", "oriented", "and", "cooperative", ".", "Eupneic", "at", "rest", ".", "Tolerates", "decubitus", ".", "Brown", "skin", "colour", ".", "Normohydrated", "and", "normoperfused", ".", "BP", "120", "/", "70", ".", "HR", "60", "bpm", ".", "Basal", "O2", "sat", "98", "%", ".", "Afebrile", ".", "Weight", "73", ".", "4", "kg", ".", "Height", "1", ".", "83", "m", "(", "BMI", "25", ".", "86", ")", ".", "CYC", "and", "oropharynx", "without", "findings", ".", "Cardiopulmonary", "auscultation", ":", "normal", ".", "Abdomen", ":", "no", "findings", ".", "Lower", "extremities", ":", "no", "findings", ".", "Neurological", "examination", ":", "no", "focality", "or", "other", "pathological", "findings", ".", "In", "conclusion", ":", "examination", "within", "the", "normal", "range", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "The", "study", "began", "with", "the", "following", "tests", ":", "-", "Blood", "count", ":", "normal", ".", "Normal", "ESR", ".", "CRP", "7", ".", "8", "mg", "/", "l", "(", "normal", "between", "0-5", ")", ".", "-", "Blood", "smear", ":", "no", "significant", "morphological", "alterations", ".", "-", "Coagulation", ":", "within", "normal", "limits", ".", "-", "Biochemistry", ":", "creatinine", "1", ".", "62", "mg", "/", "dl", "(", "normal", "between", "0", ".", "6-1", ".", "4", ")", ";", "filtration", "46", "ml", "/", "min", "(", "normal", "sup", "60", ")", ";", "rest", "of", "hepatorenal", "profile", "within", "normality", ".", "Cortisol", "normal", ".", "Normal", "PSA", ".", "ACE", "60", "IU", "/", "l", "(", "0-50", "normal", ")", ".", "-", "Immunoglobulins", ":", "Ig", "A", "78", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "dl", "(", "normal", "between", "90-410", ")", "and", "Ig", "M", "717", "mg", "/", "dl", "(", "normal", "between", "55-350", ")", ".", "Ig", "G", "normal", ".", "Proteinogram", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "Serology", ":", "RPR", "negative", ".", "Toxoplasma", "gondii", "Ig", "G", "32", ".", "8", "IU", "/", "ml", "(", "positive", "sup", "9", ".", "9", ")", "and", "IgM", "negative", ".", "HIV", ",", "B", "and", "C", "viruses", "negative", ".", "EBV", "Ig", "G", "232", "U", "/", "ml", "(", "positive", "sup", "20", ")", "and", "Ig", "M", "negative", ".", "CMV", "IgG", "positive", "47", ".", "8", "U", "/", "ml", "(", "positive", "sup", "14", ")", "and", "Ig", "M", "negative", ".", "-", "Autoimmunity", ":", "ANA", ",", "antiDNA", ",", "antiSm", ",", "antiRo", "and", "antiLa", "negative", ".", "Rheumatoid", "factor", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "24-hour", "urine", ":", "creatinine", "clearance", "54", ".", "75", "ml", "/", "min", ".", "Calcium", "29", ".", "90", "mg", "/", "24h", ".", "Calcium", "/", "creatinine", "24", ".", "47", "mgCa", "/", "gCre", "(", "both", "low", ")", ".", "Urine", "culture", "and", "urine", "fungal", "culture", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "emphysematous", "chest", ".", "Cardiothoracic", "index", "normal", ".", "Normal", "hilae", ".", "Free", "costophrenic", "sinuses", ".", "No", "obvious", "pathological", "parenchymal", "parenchymal", "images", ".", "-", "Mantoux", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Abdominal", "CT", "scan", ":", "mass-conglomerate", "of", "adenomegaly", "in", "the", "subcarinal", "region", "-", "oesophageal", "pleuroacic", "recess", ",", "hilar", "adenomegaly", "and", "in", "the", "right", "basal", "pyramid", ".", "Spiculated", ",", "solid", "nodule", "in", "the", "right", "middle", "lobe", ".", "Largest", "diameter", "21", "mm", ".", "Bilateral", "hepatic", "punctate", "hypodensities", ".", "Possible", "millimetric", "cysts", ".", "Image", "compatible", "with", "angioma", "of", "10", "mm", "in", "segment", "seven", ".", "Images", "of", "adenomas", "in", "both", "adrenals", ".", "Normal", "right", "kidney", ".", "Left", "renal", "hydronephrosis", "with", "very", "thinned", "cortical", "cortex", "produced", "by", "intraureteral", "mass", "of", "6", "cm", "in", "length", ".", "Pulmonary", "neoplasm", "with", "mediastinal", "adenomegaly", "and", "/", "or", "metastasis", "of", "a", "duct", "tumour", "should", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "-", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", ":", "Left", "kidney", "with", "high-grade", "hydronephrosis", ",", "with", "great", "dilatation", "of", "the", "proximal", "ureter", ",", "calcific", "hydronephrotic", "balls", "and", "parenchymal", "atrophy", ".", "No", "free", "fluid", ".", "Rest", "of", "structures", "within", "normality", ".", "-", "Cranial", "MRI", ":", "midline", "preserved", ".", "A", "multitude", "of", "rounded", "lesions", "of", "high", "intensity", "T2", "and", "low", "T1", "can", "be", "seen", ".", "The", "largest", "of", "them", "has", "a", "diameter", "of", "9mm", ".", "They", "are", "located", "in", "both", "cerebral", "hemispheres", ",", "cerebellar", "vermis", ",", "right", "cerebellar", "hemisphere", "and", "brainstem", ".", "Many", "of", "them", "show", "minimal", "perilesional", "oedema", "in", "the", "FLAIR", "sequence", ".", "Notable", "thickening", "(", "3", ".", "8mm", ")", "of", "the", "posterior", "pole", "of", "the", "right", "eyeball", "in", "probable", "relation", "to", "the", "chorio-retinitis", "mentioned", ".", "Findings", "suggestive", "of", "multiple", "brain", "metastases", ",", "especially", "after", "thoraco-abdominal", "CT", "scan", ".", "Diagnosis", "Mascarada", "syndrome", "(", "diffuse", "choroiditis", "+", "papillitis", ")", "as", "the", "first", "manifestation", "of", "a", "tumour", "of", "the", "left", "urinary", "tract", "with", "pulmonary", "and", "CNS", "metastases", ".", "Treatment", "and", "evolution", "After", "more", "than", "10", "days", "in", "Internal", "Medicine", ",", "with", "the", "hydronephrosis", "caused", "by", "the", "ureteral", "lesion", "visualised", "by", "ultrasound", "and", "in", "view", "of", "the", "deterioration", "of", "renal", "function", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "transfer", "him", "to", "Urology", ".", "Urology", "performed", "ureteroscopy", "and", "biopsies", ".", "She", "was", "discharged", "a", "week", "after", "being", "in", "charge", "of", "Urology", ",", "with", "a", "permeable", "nephrostomy", "catheter", ",", "with", "persistence", "and", "even", "slight", "worsening", "of", "renal", "failure", "(", "Cr", "1", ".", "86", "and", "FG", "39", ")", ",", "being", "haemodynamically", "stable", ",", "afebrile", "and", "with", "clear", "urine", ".", "Ten", "days", "after", "discharge", ",", "the", "results", "of", "the", "pathological", "anatomy", "were", "obtained", ",", "which", "reported", "compatibility", "of", "the", "samples", "with", "a", "tumour", "of", "urothelial", "origin", "through", "ureteral", "lavage", ".", "One", "month", "later", "the", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "medical", "oncology", ",", "where", "palliative", "chemotherapy", "with", "Carboplatin", "and", "Gemcitabine", "was", "prescribed", ",", "given", "the", "extent", "of", "the", "disease", "and", "its", "poor", "prognosis", "." ]
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[ { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 24, "end": 28 }, { "text": "animals", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1207, "end": 1214 }, { "text": "retina specialist", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 739, "end": 756 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 609, "end": 616 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1012, "end": 1019 }, { "text": "CMV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2510, "end": 2513 }, { "text": "Toxoplasma gondii", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2353, "end": 2370 }, { "text": "EBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2455, "end": 2458 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2424, "end": 2427 }, { "text": "B and C viruses", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2429, "end": 2444 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 5333, "end": 5340 } ]
en
A 72-year-old man with an aortic bioprosthesis implanted in 2010 was diagnosed with prosthetic endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis 5 years after the operation. Transesophageal echocardiogram showed an abscess at the level of the mitroaortic junction, 11 mm in diameter, with a 9 mm vegetation attached to the ventricular side of the non-coronary leaflet. A computed axial tomography (CT) scan revealed a large abscess with gas inside, at the level of the aortic root, extending into the right ventricular outflow tract. Gas bubbles were also present within the pulmonary artery trunk. A positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) confirmed the extension of the infection in both locations. At surgery, the infected prosthesis was replaced with a cryopreserved aortic valve homograft, sutured subcoronary. Surgical samples were positive for the same microorganism isolated from the blood. No macroscopic involvement of the main pulmonary artery was found. The free wall of the right ventricular outflow tract was explored, and although it was compacted, its puncture did not yield any pathological product, ruling out frank collections at that level. The postoperative period was uneventful. The control 18F-FDG PET/CT scan showed no evidence of residual gas or significant 18F-FDG uptake. Control blood cultures were similarly negative.
[ "A", "72-year-old", "man", "with", "an", "aortic", "bioprosthesis", "implanted", "in", "2010", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "prosthetic", "endocarditis", "due", "to", "Enterococcus", "faecalis", "5", "years", "after", "the", "operation", ".", "Transesophageal", "echocardiogram", "showed", "an", "abscess", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "mitroaortic", "junction", ",", "11", "mm", "in", "diameter", ",", "with", "a", "9", "mm", "vegetation", "attached", "to", "the", "ventricular", "side", "of", "the", "non-coronary", "leaflet", ".", "A", "computed", "axial", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "revealed", "a", "large", "abscess", "with", "gas", "inside", ",", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "aortic", "root", ",", "extending", "into", "the", "right", "ventricular", "outflow", "tract", ".", "Gas", "bubbles", "were", "also", "present", "within", "the", "pulmonary", "artery", "trunk", ".", "A", "positron", "emission", "tomography", "(", "PET", ")", "/", "CT", "scan", "with", "18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose", "(", "18F-FDG", ")", "confirmed", "the", "extension", "of", "the", "infection", "in", "both", "locations", ".", "At", "surgery", ",", "the", "infected", "prosthesis", "was", "replaced", "with", "a", "cryopreserved", "aortic", "valve", "homograft", ",", "sutured", "subcoronary", ".", "Surgical", "samples", "were", "positive", "for", "the", "same", "microorganism", "isolated", "from", "the", "blood", ".", "No", "macroscopic", "involvement", "of", "the", "main", "pulmonary", "artery", "was", "found", ".", "The", "free", "wall", "of", "the", "right", "ventricular", "outflow", "tract", "was", "explored", ",", "and", "although", "it", "was", "compacted", ",", "its", "puncture", "did", "not", "yield", "any", "pathological", "product", ",", "ruling", "out", "frank", "collections", "at", "that", "level", ".", "The", "postoperative", "period", "was", "uneventful", ".", "The", "control", "18F-FDG", "PET", "/", "CT", "scan", "showed", "no", "evidence", "of", "residual", "gas", "or", "significant", "18F-FDG", "uptake", ".", "Control", "blood", "cultures", "were", "similarly", "negative", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Enterococcus faecalis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 115, "end": 136 } ]
en
This is a 38-year-old patient admitted to internal medicine for diarrhoea and oedema. As AP: morbid obesity operated in 2001 by Scopinaro technique (modified DBP) in private (initial weight 145 Kg, BMI 47.3 Kg/m2), reaching a weight of 75 Kg, follow-up in private clinic with erratic supplementation, in January 2017 he was reintervened (weight 104 Kg, BMI 34 Kg/m2) due to weight gain and malabsorption undergoing gastric bypass, with weight loss over the course of a year and a half of about 30 Kg, weight loss percentage (WLP) 28.8%. Smoker of half a packet a day and moderate alcohol consumption. No known drug allergies. No habitual treatment. He has not been supplemented with water-soluble vitamins or iron at any time. Trip to the coast of Indonesia in April/18 in a non-rural area, on a scheduled cruise, a week later he began with liquid diarrhoea that did not respect rest, he was treated with antibiotics that he did not remember and the symptoms self-limited, but in June/18 he began with progressive oedema of the lower extremities, scrotum and face. Weight loss of 5 kg in 5-6 months. Intake and appetite preserved, no nausea or vomiting, 3-4 daily steatorrheic stools, without pathological products. On 27/11/18 assessment by the nutrition unit was requested, and the examination revealed: current weight 72.4 kg (without oedema 67.3 kg), height 1.75 m, BMI 23.6 kg/m2. PP in one year and 4 months 28.8% and in the last 5 months 6%. General condition preserved. Pallor of skin and mucous membranes. Oedema up to the knees without fovea. Laboratory tests: renal function normal, total protein 3.7 g/dl, albumin 2.2 g/dl, prealbumin 8 mg/dl, low sideremia, vitamin B12 and folic acid normal, selenium, vitamin A, D and E deficiency. Haemoglobin 9.8 g/dl, total lymphocytes 2700 and prothrombin time prolongation. In our patient we requested a stool parasite test (Cryptosporidium and Giardia), stool culture and Clostridium difficile toxin, all of which were negative. Celiac disease was ruled out by performing anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysial antibodies, which were negative. A urease test was performed, which suggested Helicobacter pylori gastritis. An abdominal ultrasound scan showed a liver of normal size, chortonicity and echogenicity, with areas of focal steatosis and several simple cysts in the LHI. A thoraco-abdominal-pelvic CT scan showed post-surgical changes after Billroth II gastrectomy. Numerous mesenteric lymph nodes of oval morphology and up to 7 mm short axis, non-specific. Small bowel loops and colic frame of normal calibre and parietal thickness. No notable alterations in the mesointestinal tract. Small amount of free peritoneal fluid in the pelvis. The rest of the examination showed no significant alterations. An oesophago-gastro-duodenal transit with barium was requested: subtotal gastrectomy with good passage of contrast through the anastomotic mouth without visualising G-E reflux. Dilatation of the jejunum and ileum loops with fragmentation and flocculation of the contrast, all in accordance with an inflammatory intestinal process and intestinal malabsorption. In addition, upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed: - Gastroscopy: reduced size stomach (approx. 1/3 remaining) due to previous bariatric surgery, without lesions. Gastrointestinal surgical anastomosis of reduced calibre, but sufficient for passage of the endoscope without difficulty and without lesions. About 25 cm of small intestine of normal appearance is explored, from which biopsies are taken: small intestine mucosa without alterations, negative for coeliac disease. - Colonoscopy: small intestine (ileum) mucosa without significant morphological alterations. Colon: colonic mucosa with minimal non-specific inflammatory changes in the lamina propria. Rectum: rectal mucosa with minimal non-specific inflammatory changes in lamina propria. Finally, a hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) breath test was performed for the study of bacterial overgrowth (SCBI) with lactulose/lactitol with a positive result. The patient was discharged in December/18. Our patient received treatment for SCBI with an excellent response to rifaximin 600 mg every 8 hours for 14 days, and for H. pylori he required an initial eradication therapy with OCAM quadruple therapy (omeprazole/clarithromycin/ amoxicillin and metronidazole) without achieving eradication and subsequently with Pylera 140/125/125 mg (potassium bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole and tetracycline hydrochloride) achieving eradication. Therapy was completed on an outpatient basis in March/19. In our case, from admission, nutritional support adjusted to his daily energy-protein requirements (1900 Kcal and 98 g of protein) was established with hyperproteic and normocaloric oligomeric oral nutritional supplements and a protein module/12h, which provided 400 Kcal and 95 g of protein in addition to the oral diet. In addition, supplementation with iron proteinsuccinylate 800 mg/12h, calcifediol 0.266 mg/15 days, phytomenadione 10 mg oral/3 days until correction of vitamin K deficiency (normalisation of prothrombin time), vitamin A 5000 IU (retinol palmitate) and vitamin E 10 mg (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) daily and then 3 days a week until correction of serum vitamin A and E deficiencies. In addition to a multivitamin and mineral complex. After 6 months, the anthropometric evolution, nutritional parameters and micronutrients have been excellent.
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"consumption", ".", "No", "known", "drug", "allergies", ".", "No", "habitual", "treatment", ".", "He", "has", "not", "been", "supplemented", "with", "water-soluble", "vitamins", "or", "iron", "at", "any", "time", ".", "Trip", "to", "the", "coast", "of", "Indonesia", "in", "April", "/", "18", "in", "a", "non-rural", "area", ",", "on", "a", "scheduled", "cruise", ",", "a", "week", "later", "he", "began", "with", "liquid", "diarrhoea", "that", "did", "not", "respect", "rest", ",", "he", "was", "treated", "with", "antibiotics", "that", "he", "did", "not", "remember", "and", "the", "symptoms", "self-limited", ",", "but", "in", "June", "/", "18", "he", "began", "with", "progressive", "oedema", "of", "the", "lower", "extremities", ",", "scrotum", "and", "face", ".", "Weight", "loss", "of", "5", "kg", "in", "5-6", "months", ".", "Intake", "and", "appetite", "preserved", ",", "no", "nausea", "or", "vomiting", ",", "3-4", "daily", "steatorrheic", "stools", ",", "without", "pathological", "products", ".", "On", "27", "/", "11", "/", "18", "assessment", "by", "the", "nutrition", "unit", "was", "requested", ",", "and", "the", "examination", "revealed", ":", "current", "weight", "72", ".", "4", "kg", "(", "without", "oedema", "67", ".", "3", "kg", ")", ",", "height", "1", ".", "75", "m", ",", "BMI", "23", ".", "6", "kg", "/", "m2", ".", "PP", "in", "one", "year", "and", "4", "months", "28", ".", "8", "%", "and", "in", "the", "last", "5", "months", "6", "%", ".", "General", "condition", "preserved", ".", "Pallor", "of", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membranes", ".", "Oedema", "up", "to", "the", "knees", "without", "fovea", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", ":", "renal", "function", "normal", ",", "total", "protein", "3", ".", "7", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "albumin", "2", ".", "2", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "prealbumin", "8", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "low", "sideremia", ",", "vitamin", "B12", "and", "folic", "acid", "normal", ",", "selenium", ",", "vitamin", "A", ",", "D", "and", "E", "deficiency", ".", "Haemoglobin", "9", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "total", "lymphocytes", "2700", "and", "prothrombin", "time", "prolongation", ".", "In", "our", "patient", "we", "requested", "a", "stool", "parasite", "test", "(", "Cryptosporidium", "and", "Giardia", ")", ",", "stool", "culture", "and", "Clostridium", "difficile", "toxin", ",", "all", "of", "which", "were", "negative", ".", "Celiac", "disease", "was", "ruled", "out", "by", "performing", "anti-transglutaminase", "and", "anti-endomysial", "antibodies", ",", "which", "were", "negative", ".", "A", "urease", "test", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "suggested", "Helicobacter", "pylori", "gastritis", ".", "An", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "scan", "showed", "a", "liver", "of", "normal", "size", ",", "chortonicity", "and", "echogenicity", ",", "with", "areas", "of", "focal", "steatosis", "and", "several", "simple", "cysts", "in", "the", "LHI", ".", "A", "thoraco-abdominal-pelvic", "CT", "scan", "showed", "post-surgical", "changes", "after", "Billroth", "II", "gastrectomy", ".", "Numerous", "mesenteric", "lymph", "nodes", "of", "oval", "morphology", "and", "up", "to", "7", "mm", "short", "axis", ",", "non-specific", ".", "Small", "bowel", "loops", "and", "colic", "frame", "of", "normal", "calibre", "and", "parietal", "thickness", ".", "No", "notable", "alterations", "in", "the", "mesointestinal", "tract", ".", "Small", "amount", "of", "free", "peritoneal", "fluid", "in", "the", "pelvis", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", "showed", "no", "significant", "alterations", ".", "An", "oesophago-gastro-duodenal", "transit", "with", "barium", "was", "requested", ":", "subtotal", "gastrectomy", "with", "good", "passage", "of", "contrast", "through", "the", "anastomotic", "mouth", "without", "visualising", "G-E", "reflux", ".", "Dilatation", "of", "the", "jejunum", "and", "ileum", "loops", "with", "fragmentation", "and", "flocculation", "of", "the", "contrast", ",", "all", "in", "accordance", "with", "an", "inflammatory", "intestinal", "process", "and", "intestinal", "malabsorption", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "upper", "and", "lower", "gastrointestinal", "endoscopy", "was", "performed", ":", "-", "Gastroscopy", ":", "reduced", "size", "stomach", "(", "approx", ".", "1", "/", "3", "remaining", ")", "due", "to", "previous", "bariatric", "surgery", ",", "without", "lesions", ".", "Gastrointestinal", "surgical", "anastomosis", "of", "reduced", "calibre", ",", "but", "sufficient", "for", "passage", "of", "the", "endoscope", "without", "difficulty", "and", "without", "lesions", ".", "About", "25", "cm", "of", "small", "intestine", "of", "normal", "appearance", "is", "explored", ",", "from", "which", "biopsies", "are", "taken", ":", "small", "intestine", "mucosa", "without", "alterations", ",", "negative", "for", "coeliac", "disease", ".", "-", "Colonoscopy", ":", "small", "intestine", "(", "ileum", ")", "mucosa", "without", "significant", "morphological", "alterations", ".", "Colon", ":", "colonic", "mucosa", "with", "minimal", "non-specific", "inflammatory", "changes", "in", "the", "lamina", "propria", ".", "Rectum", ":", "rectal", "mucosa", "with", "minimal", "non-specific", "inflammatory", "changes", "in", "lamina", "propria", ".", "Finally", ",", "a", "hydrogen", "(", "H2", ")", "and", "methane", "(", "CH4", ")", "breath", "test", "was", "performed", "for", "the", "study", "of", "bacterial", "overgrowth", "(", "SCBI", ")", "with", "lactulose", "/", "lactitol", "with", "a", "positive", "result", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "discharged", "in", "December", "/", "18", ".", "Our", "patient", "received", "treatment", "for", "SCBI", "with", "an", "excellent", "response", "to", "rifaximin", "600", "mg", "every", "8", "hours", "for", "14", "days", ",", "and", "for", "H", ".", "pylori", "he", "required", "an", "initial", "eradication", "therapy", "with", "OCAM", "quadruple", "therapy", "(", "omeprazole", "/", "clarithromycin", "/", "amoxicillin", "and", "metronidazole", ")", "without", "achieving", "eradication", "and", "subsequently", "with", "Pylera", "140", "/", "125", "/", "125", "mg", "(", "potassium", "bismuth", "subcitrate", "/", "metronidazole", "and", "tetracycline", "hydrochloride", ")", "achieving", "eradication", ".", "Therapy", "was", "completed", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", "in", "March", "/", "19", ".", "In", "our", "case", ",", "from", "admission", ",", "nutritional", "support", "adjusted", "to", "his", "daily", "energy-protein", "requirements", "(", "1900", "Kcal", "and", "98", "g", "of", "protein", ")", "was", "established", "with", "hyperproteic", "and", "normocaloric", "oligomeric", "oral", "nutritional", "supplements", "and", "a", "protein", "module", "/", "12h", ",", "which", "provided", "400", "Kcal", "and", "95", "g", "of", "protein", "in", "addition", "to", "the", "oral", "diet", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "supplementation", "with", "iron", "proteinsuccinylate", "800", "mg", "/", "12h", ",", "calcifediol", "0", ".", "266", "mg", "/", "15", "days", ",", "phytomenadione", "10", "mg", "oral", "/", "3", "days", "until", "correction", "of", "vitamin", "K", "deficiency", "(", "normalisation", "of", "prothrombin", "time", ")", ",", "vitamin", "A", "5000", "IU", "(", "retinol", "palmitate", ")", "and", "vitamin", "E", "10", "mg", "(", "dl-alpha-tocopheryl", "acetate", ")", "daily", "and", "then", "3", "days", "a", "week", "until", "correction", "of", "serum", "vitamin", "A", "and", "E", "deficiencies", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "a", "multivitamin", "and", "mineral", "complex", ".", "After", "6", "months", ",", "the", "anthropometric", "evolution", ",", "nutritional", "parameters", "and", "micronutrients", "have", "been", "excellent", "." ]
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 22, "end": 29 }, { "text": "Clostridium difficile", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1927, "end": 1948 }, { "text": "Cryptosporidium", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1879, "end": 1894 }, { "text": "Giardia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1899, "end": 1906 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1835, "end": 1842 }, { "text": "parasite", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1864, "end": 1872 } ]
en
Anamnesis A 27-year-old woman with a history of episodic migraine without aura. She was admitted to the Neurology Department in May 2009 for left periocular pain with decreased vision in the outermost area of the temporal hemifield associated with a subjective sensation of hypoaesthesia of the left hemifield. The neurological examination was normal. The patient was admitted with the following tests: normal blood system, normal coagulation, biochemistry (including hepatic, renal, nutritional profile, normal antinuclear antibodies and thyroid hormones), serology for hepatitis A, B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, rubella, syphilis, toxoplasma, varicella-zoster virus, mumps and measles were negative. Lumbar puncture (cytobiochemistry, culture, negative serology, an oligoclonal band), imaging tests (computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] of the brain were normal. In view of the patient's symptoms, a diagnosis of retrobulbar optic neuritis was made and treatment was started with megadoses of steroids, with which the patient improved and was discharged home. Visual evoked potentials were performed on an outpatient basis, which showed mild involvement of the right eye (probable optic neuritis). The patient was admitted again to the Neurology Department in November 2009 for right retroocular pain that increased on lateroversion, with decreased visual acuity and very subtle blurring in the temporal hemifield of the right eye. Physical examination Hydrated, nourished, perfused. Good skin and mucous membrane colouring, overweight. Head and neck: no jugular ingurgitation. Carotids rhythmic, symmetrical, no murmurs. No adenopathies. Cardiac auscultation: rhythmic, no murmurs. Pulmonary auscultation: preserved vesicular murmur. Higher cerebral functions: conscious, oriented, no dysphasia. PPCC: normal fundus, isochoric and normoreactive pupils, normal eye movements with pain on left gaze. Decreased acuity afferent pupillary defect. Rest of pairs preserved. Strength 5/5 bilateral and symmetrical, normal tone. Osteotendinous reflexes: +++/++++ global, bilateral skin-plantar flexor reflex. Sensibility: superficial and vibratory sensibility preserved. Cerebellum: no dysmetria or dysdiadochokinesias. Normal gait, tandem gait, Romberg negative. No nuchal rigidity or meningeal signs. Complementary tests - Blood count: normal. - Coagulation: normal. - Biochemistry including basic, renal, nutritional, hepatic and thyroid profile normal. Proteinogram: normal. Anti-streptolysin antibodies, C-reactive protein, normal RF. Antinuclear antibodies: negative. - Vitamin B12 and folic acid: normal. - Consultation with ophthalmology: concentric alteration of the visual fields. - Lumbar puncture: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure 340 mm H2O. Cytobiochemistry, serology and cultures were normal. Diagnosis Idiopathic intracranial hypertension syndrome without papilledema. Treatment Acetazolamide progressively increased to one tablet every 12 hours. Active lifestyle and attempted weight loss. Evolution The patient has been stable since admission, with a single increase of half an acetazolamide tablet to control her intracranial hypertension. In February 2010 she presented a worsening of her visual acuity together with oppressive holocranial headache, nausea and vomiting, for which the patient was admitted and her medication was reinforced with topiramate up to a dose of 50 mg/12h. Given the persistence of the symptoms, intracranial pressure measurements were taken, obtaining figures greater than 260 mm H2O throughout the recording. The neurosurgery department was consulted and, given the persistence of the symptoms, decided to perform surgery with a lumboperitoneal shunt. As a result of this intervention, the patient has ostensibly improved: there has been a significant qualitative and quantitative improvement in the headache, she continues to have outpatient check-ups in Neurology and Ophthalmology, with preserved visual acuity and visual fields.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "27-year-old", "woman", "with", "a", "history", "of", "episodic", "migraine", "without", "aura", ".", "She", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "Neurology", "Department", "in", "May", "2009", "for", "left", "periocular", "pain", "with", "decreased", "vision", "in", "the", "outermost", "area", "of", "the", "temporal", "hemifield", "associated", "with", "a", "subjective", "sensation", "of", "hypoaesthesia", "of", "the", "left", "hemifield", ".", "The", "neurological", "examination", "was", "normal", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "with", "the", "following", "tests", ":", "normal", "blood", "system", ",", "normal", "coagulation", ",", "biochemistry", "(", "including", "hepatic", ",", "renal", ",", "nutritional", "profile", ",", "normal", "antinuclear", "antibodies", "and", "thyroid", "hormones", ")", ",", "serology", "for", "hepatitis", "A", ",", "B", "and", "C", "viruses", ",", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", ",", "cytomegalovirus", ",", "rubella", ",", "syphilis", ",", "toxoplasma", ",", "varicella-zoster", "virus", ",", "mumps", "and", "measles", "were", "negative", ".", "Lumbar", "puncture", "(", "cytobiochemistry", ",", "culture", ",", "negative", "serology", ",", "an", "oligoclonal", "band", ")", ",", "imaging", "tests", "(", "computed", "tomography", "[", "CT", "]", "and", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "[", "MRI", "]", "of", "the", "brain", "were", "normal", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "symptoms", ",", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "retrobulbar", "optic", "neuritis", "was", "made", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "megadoses", "of", "steroids", ",", "with", "which", "the", "patient", "improved", "and", "was", "discharged", "home", ".", "Visual", "evoked", "potentials", "were", "performed", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", ",", "which", "showed", "mild", "involvement", "of", "the", "right", "eye", "(", "probable", "optic", "neuritis", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "again", "to", "the", "Neurology", "Department", "in", "November", "2009", "for", "right", "retroocular", "pain", "that", "increased", "on", "lateroversion", ",", "with", "decreased", "visual", "acuity", "and", "very", "subtle", "blurring", "in", "the", "temporal", "hemifield", "of", "the", "right", "eye", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Hydrated", ",", "nourished", ",", "perfused", ".", "Good", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membrane", "colouring", ",", "overweight", ".", "Head", "and", "neck", ":", "no", "jugular", "ingurgitation", ".", "Carotids", "rhythmic", ",", "symmetrical", ",", "no", "murmurs", ".", "No", "adenopathies", ".", "Cardiac", "auscultation", ":", "rhythmic", ",", "no", "murmurs", ".", "Pulmonary", "auscultation", ":", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", ".", "Higher", "cerebral", "functions", ":", "conscious", ",", "oriented", ",", "no", "dysphasia", ".", "PPCC", ":", "normal", "fundus", ",", "isochoric", "and", "normoreactive", "pupils", ",", "normal", "eye", "movements", "with", "pain", "on", "left", "gaze", ".", "Decreased", "acuity", "afferent", "pupillary", "defect", ".", "Rest", "of", "pairs", "preserved", ".", "Strength", "5", "/", "5", "bilateral", "and", "symmetrical", ",", "normal", "tone", ".", "Osteotendinous", "reflexes", ":", "+", "+", "+", "/", "+", "+", "+", "+", "global", ",", "bilateral", "skin-plantar", "flexor", "reflex", ".", "Sensibility", ":", "superficial", "and", "vibratory", "sensibility", "preserved", ".", "Cerebellum", ":", "no", "dysmetria", "or", "dysdiadochokinesias", ".", "Normal", "gait", ",", "tandem", "gait", ",", "Romberg", "negative", ".", "No", "nuchal", "rigidity", "or", "meningeal", "signs", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "Blood", "count", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "Coagulation", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "Biochemistry", "including", "basic", ",", "renal", ",", "nutritional", ",", "hepatic", "and", "thyroid", "profile", "normal", ".", "Proteinogram", ":", "normal", ".", "Anti-streptolysin", "antibodies", ",", "C-reactive", "protein", ",", "normal", "RF", ".", "Antinuclear", "antibodies", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Vitamin", "B12", "and", "folic", "acid", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "Consultation", "with", "ophthalmology", ":", "concentric", "alteration", "of", "the", "visual", "fields", ".", "-", "Lumbar", "puncture", ":", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "opening", "pressure", "340", "mm", "H2O", ".", "Cytobiochemistry", ",", "serology", "and", "cultures", "were", "normal", ".", "Diagnosis", "Idiopathic", "intracranial", "hypertension", "syndrome", "without", "papilledema", ".", "Treatment", "Acetazolamide", "progressively", "increased", "to", "one", "tablet", "every", "12", "hours", ".", "Active", "lifestyle", "and", "attempted", "weight", "loss", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "has", "been", "stable", "since", "admission", ",", "with", "a", "single", "increase", "of", "half", "an", "acetazolamide", "tablet", "to", "control", "her", "intracranial", "hypertension", ".", "In", 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"quantitative", "improvement", "in", "the", "headache", ",", "she", "continues", "to", "have", "outpatient", "check-ups", "in", "Neurology", "and", "Ophthalmology", ",", "with", "preserved", "visual", "acuity", "and", "visual", "fields", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis A 28-year-old male dancer from Israel, with a personal history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 2008 without current treatment, occasional cocaine and alcohol user. He was admitted to Internal Medicine for a clinical picture of paraesthesias in the right hemibody together with visual alteration after previous consumption of 1 g of cocaine. A cranial computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed an acute ischaemic lesion in the posterior territory (left thalamus). The study was completed with a cerebral MRI angiography, which showed no findings. Viral load was 200,000 copies and CD 4 647 cells. He was discharged with right upper quadrantanopsia as a sequela and treatment with statin. Two weeks later he came to the emergency department for a new episode of right facial and hemicorporal haemihypoaesthesia. Physical examination On arrival at the ED, blood pressure 120/80mmHg, heart rate 80 bpm, afebrile. The general examination by apparatus was normal. The neurological examination showed the presence of right upper quadrantanopsia (sequelae), right hemifacial algesic hypoaesthesia in the second and third trigeminal branches and in the right hemibody, and dysmetria in the finger-nose test in the right upper extremity. The rest of the examination was normal. Complementary tests - Haemogram: normal with adequate leukocyte formula, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 46 mm/h. - Biochemistry: lactate dehydrogenase 722 IU/l (230-460), transferrin decreased, thyroid hormones altered (TSH 5.36 μIUI (0.5-4.7), T3l 2.73 pg/ml (2.77-5.27). Proteinogram: weak monoclonal peak in the gamma zone. - Coagulation and thrombophilia study: minimal elevation of fibrinogen and free protein S deficiency, the rest being normal (including protein C, lupus anticoagulant, Leyden's factor V and antithrombin). - Autoimmunity: weakly positive IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (22.6 UGPL/ml), negative IgM ANCA, rheumatoid factor, circulating immunocomplexes, ANA, anti-DNA, negative anti-B2 glycoprotein. - Serology: EBV IgG positive, hepatitis A IgG positive; Treponema, toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C negative. HIV-1 viral load: 177,930 copies; CD 4 432 cells/μl, no genotypic resistance to antiretrovirals. - Electrocardiogram and monitoring 48 hours: sinus rhythm, known right bundle branch block. - Chest X-ray and transthoracic echocardiogram normal. - Cranial CT scan showed irregular hypodense lesions in the left parasagittal occipital region and in the white matter of the left temporal lobe, compatible with subacute-chronic ischaemic lesions. - The new brain MRI shows the appearance of a new focal lesion in the left thalamus hyperintense in long TR and marked diffusion restriction, suggesting acute-subacute ischaemia. Brain MRI, diffusion enhanced sequence: acute ischaemic lesion in the left thalamus. - Intracranial MRI angiography was repeated, which showed no visualisation of the left PCA from its origin, the right one being patent. Angio-MRI: no visualisation of the left PCA from its origin. The right PCA was patent. - Lumbar puncture: glucose 49 mg/dl, protein 66 mg/dl, 40 leukocytes/mm3 (80% mononuclear) and 90 red blood cells/mm3. Culture: negative for bacteria and mycobacteria, negative for enterovirus polymerase chain reaction and herpes simplex 1 and 2; VDRL negative; cytology: acellular specimen. Diagnosis Recurrent cerebral ischaemia probably related to HIV-associated vasculopathy. Hypergammaglobulinaemia, protein S deficiency, weakly positive IgG anticardiolipin antibodies. Treatment and evolution Antiretroviral therapy was started with darunavir, ritonavir and tenofovir plus emtricitabine and antiaggregation with acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg, after which no new episodes have occurred, with mild ataxia of the right upper limb persisting.
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en
A 35-year-old woman with no relevant past history attended the emergency department of the Hospital de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Madrid) on 14 April with acral purpuric lesions of three weeks' evolution. They had appeared as oedematous and erythematous areas concurrent with fever and cough, which lasted only two days. There was no history of diarrhoea, ageusia, hyposmia or dyspnoea. The patient reported that, after standing for a while, the skin on her feet became bluish in colour. On examination, the pedial pulse was not palpable and purplish areas could be seen on the dorsum of several toes of both feet. An ultrasound ruled out vascular thrombosis. An RT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swab and an immunochromatographic assay for serum IgG and IgM antibodies, performed on the same day, were negative. A skin biopsy obtained in the emergency department showed mild perivascular and periannexal lymphocytic inflammation and focal microvascular thrombosis. Mild erythrocytic extravasation and ancillary evidence of endothelial injury was seen, but no overt vasculitis was observed. Using a commercial kit (SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spicule 1A9, GeneTex Inc., Irvine, California, USA), optimised in our laboratory, proteins of the viral spicule were clearly detected by conventional immunohistochemistry as fine to coarse, bright red granular deposits in the cytoplasm of eccrine (excretory and secretory) cells and cutaneous dermal vessels. Relevant negative and positive controls were performed: adult tonsil, a sample of erythema pernio from early 2019, biopsies of inflammatory dermatoses not associated with COVID-19 and antibody replacement with saline as negative controls, as well as a postmortem lung sample from a COVID-19 patient as a positive control. Perivascular deposits of C5b9, C3 and C1q were observed in an immunofluorescence study of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin and low dose aspirin was started; the lesions healed and at the time of the last follow-up (7 June), the patient had fully recovered and the pedial pulse was palpable. A second serological study (two months after onset of illness), this time by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was negative for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM.
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