Smxldo/wiki-stem-filtered · Datasets at Hugging Face

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7	The magic bullet is a scientific concept developed by a German Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich in 1907. While working at the Institute of Experimental Therapy (Institut für experimentelle Therapie), Ehrlich formed an idea that it could be possible to kill specific microbes (such as bacteria), which cause diseases in the body, without harming the body itself. He named the hypothetical agent as Zauberkugel, and used the English translation "magic bullet" in The Harben Lectures at London	Magic bullet (medicine)	9
57	Skin secretions are those substances and materials that are secreted by the skin and the external mucous membranes. Some skin secretions are associated with body hair. Skin secretions originate from glands that in dermal layer of the epidermis	Skin secretions (human)	15,002
94	Biomanufacturing is a type of manufacturing or biotechnology that utilizes biological systems to produce commercially important biomaterials and biomolecules for use in medicines, food and beverage processing, and industrial applications. Biomanufacturing products are recovered from natural sources, such as blood, or from cultures of microbes, animal cells, or plant cells grown in specialized equipment. The cells used during the production may have been naturally occurring or derived using genetic engineering techniques	Biomanufacturing	15,126
99	The Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) is a multidisciplinary instructional center at North Carolina State University that provides education and training to develop skilled professionals for the biomanufacturing industry. Biomanufacturing refers to the use of living organisms or other biological material to produce commercially viable products. Examples include therapeutic proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines for medical use; amino acids and enzymes for food manufacturing; and biofuels and biochemicals for industrial applications	Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center	15,002
102	Low-impact development (LID) is a term used in Canada and the United States to describe a land planning and engineering design approach to manage stormwater runoff as part of green infrastructure. LID emphasizes conservation and use of on-site natural features to protect water quality. This approach implements engineered small-scale hydrologic controls to replicate the pre-development hydrologic regime of watersheds through infiltrating, filtering, storing, evaporating, and detaining runoff close to its source	Low-impact development (U.S. and Canada)	15,103
107	Mixed use is a type of urban development, urban design, urban planning and/or a zoning classification that blends multiple uses, such as residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or entertainment, into one space, where those functions are to some degree physically and functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections. Mixed-use development may be applied to a single building, a block or neighborhood, or in zoning policy across an entire city or other administrative unit. These projects may be completed by a private developer, (quasi-) governmental agency, or a combination thereof	Mixed-use development	15,103
108	Carlos Moreno (born April 16, 1959) is a Colombian-French urbanist, author, and Sorbonne University professor. He is mainly known for his contribution to the 15-Minute City "Ville du quart d’heure" concept. Life Carlos Moreno was born in Tunja, Colombia in 1959 as the child of rural farmers	Carlos Moreno (urbanist)	15,002
111	In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices. The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate performing an accurate site analysis	Passive solar building design	15,126
116	Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl. It also advocates compact, transit-oriented, walkable, bicycle-friendly land use, including neighborhood schools, complete streets, and mixed-use development with a range of housing choices. The term "smart growth" is particularly used in North America	Smart growth	15,103
119	Solar architecture is an architectural approach that takes in account the Sun to harness clean and renewable solar power. It is related to the fields of optics, thermics, electronics and materials science. Both active and passive solar housing skills are involved in solar architecture	Solar architecture	15,126
124	Sustainable development is an organizing principle that aims to meet human development goals while also enabling natural systems to provide necessary natural resources and ecosystem services to humans. The desired result is a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining the planetary integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development tries to find a balance between economic development, environmental protection, and social well-being	Sustainable development	15,103
128	Tactical urbanism, also commonly referred to as guerrilla urbanism, pop-up urbanism, city repair, D. I. Y	Tactical urbanism	15,127
150	Systematization (Romanian: Sistematizarea) in Romania was a program of urban planning carried out by the Romanian Communist Party under the leadership of Nicolae Ceaușescu. Ceaușescu was impressed by the ideological mobilization and mass adulation of North Korea under its Juche ideology during his East Asia visit in 1971, and issued the July Theses shortly afterwards. Beginning in 1974, systematization consisted largely of the demolition and reconstruction of existing hamlets, villages, towns, and cities, in whole or in part, with the stated goal of turning Romania into a "multilaterally developed socialist society"	Systematization (Romania)	15,005
156	Build-out is an urban planner’s estimate of the amount and location of potential development for an area. Sometimes called a "lot-yield analysis", build-out is one step of the land use planning process. Evaluation of potential development impacts begins with a build-out analysis	Build-out	15,126
158	Californication is a portmanteau of California and fornication, appearing in Time on May 6, 1966 and written about on August 21, 1972, additionally seen on bumper stickers in the U. S. states of Idaho, Washington, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas	Californication (word)	5
174	Comprehensive planning is an ordered process that determines community goals and aspirations in terms of community development. The end product is called a comprehensive plan, also known as a general plan, or master plan. This resulting document expresses and regulates public policies on transportation, utilities, land use, recreation, and housing	Comprehensive planning	15,000
179	Coving is a method of Suburban planning used in subdivision and redevelopment of cities characterized by organic lot shapes and home placement along meandering setbacks. When combined with a new form of street patterns, lot area is increased and road area and length is reduced - a demonstrated average 25% compared to conventional suburban platting. Coving is used as an alternative to conventional urban "grid" and suburban land development layouts in order to enhance curb appeal, eliminate monotony, reduce costs, such as road surfacing and street length, while increasing the amount of land available for construction	Coving (urban planning)	15,126
182	Data culture is the principle established in the process of social practice in both public and Private sectors which requires all staffs and decision-makers to focus on the information conveyed by the existing data, and make decisions and changes according to these results instead of leading the development of the company based on experience in the particular field. These data might include but are not limited to: general economical or Social Trends in the market, sales volume of products, or even performance of staffs pointing to their efficiency and productivity. Despite the business field, data culture is also applied in the social infrastructure system, such as Urban planning projects, to impact the process of data production and data practices of daily usage, such as Smart City programs	Data culture	5
196	A forum (Latin forum "public place outdoors", plural fora; English plural either fora or forums) was a public square in a Roman municipium, or any civitas, reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i. e. , a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls	Forum (Roman)	15,003
203	Myb genes are part of a large gene family of transcription factors found in animals and plants. In humans, it includes Myb proto-oncogene like 1 and Myb-related protein B in addition to MYB proper. Members of the extended SANT/Myb family also include the SANT domain and other similar all-helical homeobox-like domains	MYB (gene)	15,002
231	Nuclear factor 1 B-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFIB gene. NFIB haploinsufficiency is also associated with intellectual disability and macrocephaly, as are NFIA and NFIX. Embryonic Development The NFIB gene is a part of the NFI gene complex that includes three other genes (NFIA, NFIC and NFIX)	NFIB (gene)	15,002
248	Neural retina-specific leucine zipper protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRL gene. Function This gene encodes a basic motif-leucine zipper transcription factor of the Maf subfamily. The encoded protein is conserved among vertebrates and is a critical intrinsic regulator of photoreceptor cell development and function	NRL (gene)	15,002
315	Peter James de Lange (born 1966) is a New Zealand botanist at Unitec Institute of Technology. He is a Fellow of the Linnean Society, and has received the New Zealand Botanical Society Allan Mere award and the Loder Cup for his botanical work. Two species are named in his honour	Peter de Lange (botanist)	5
334	Aaron Goldberg (November 4, 1917 – December 13, 2014) was an American botanist and parasitologist. He died in December 2014 at the Holy Cross Hospital in Silver Spring, Maryland, at the age of 97. Career Ph	Aaron Goldberg (botanist)	15,006
340	Hiroshi Hara (原寛, Hara Hiroshi, January 5, 1911 – September 24, 1986) was a Japanese botanist. Hara was born 1911 in Nagano. He studied at The University of Tokyo and became a professor there in 1957	Hiroshi Hara (botanist)	15,127
346	Kenneth D. Hill (6 August 1948 – 4 August 2010) was an Australian botanist, notable for his work on eucalypts, the systematics, evolution and conservation of the genus Cycas, as well as on botanical informatics. He was born in Armidale, New South Wales	Ken Hill (botanist)	5
350	Hiroshi Inoue (井上浩, Inoue Hiroshi, March 30, 1932 – December 29, 1989) was a Japanese botanist specializing in bryology. Inoue's botanical publications are from Japan. He described or recognized many species of liverworts	Hiroshi Inoue (bryologist)	5
351	Keisuke Ito (伊藤圭介, Itō Keisuke, February 18, 1803 – January 20, 1901) was a Japanese physician and biologist. He was born in Nagoya. As a doctor, Ito developed a vaccination against smallpox	Keisuke Ito (botanist)	5
354	David Lloyd Jones (born 1944) is an Australian horticultural botanist and the author of many books and papers, especially on Australian orchids. Jones was born in Victoria and in his youth was a student at Burnley Horticultural College, then the University of Melbourne, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. He was employed for 14 years by the Victorian Department of Agriculture where he helped develop programs involving the nutrient requirements of Australian native plants	David L. Jones (botanist)	15,006
364	Charles Knight (c. 1808 – 3 September 1891) was a New Zealand doctor, public servant and botanist. He was born in Rye, Sussex, England in c	Charles Knight (doctor)	15,006
365	Karen Koch is a plant biologist in the horticultural science department in the University of Florida. She is a professor in the Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (PMCB) Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, and Genetics Institute at University of Florida. Research interest Koch's lab is best known for its research on sugar-responsive gene expression and the capacity for this process to alter form and function of plants	Karen Koch (plant biologist)	15,002
386	Donald John McGillivray (20 August 1935 – 17 August 2012) in New South Wales, Australia, usually known as D. J. McGillivray, was an Australian botanical taxonomist	Donald McGillivray (botanist)	15,002
389	John Miller (1715–c. 1792), also known as Johann Sebastian Müller, was a German engraver and botanist active in London. Born in Nuremberg, he trained under Johann Christoph Weigel and came to England in 1744 with his brother Tobias–an engraver of architecture–and lived there the rest of his life	John Miller (botanical illustrator)	15,002
477	An internal ribosome entry site, abbreviated IRES, is an RNA element that allows for translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, as part of the greater process of protein synthesis. In eukaryotic translation, initiation typically occurs at the 5' end of mRNA molecules, since 5' cap recognition is required for the assembly of the initiation complex. The location for IRES elements is often in the 5'UTR, but can also occur elsewhere in mRNAs	Internal ribosome entry site	15,005
502	The Skalica Formation is a geologic formation in Austria. It preserves fossils dating back to the Serravallian stage (Sarmatian) of the Miocene period. See also List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Austria References Further reading M	Skalica Formation	15,000
516	The Cajones Formation is a Turonian geologic formation of central Bolivia. The fluvial sandstones in Amboró National Park preserve fossils of Yacarerani boliviensis. The formation is correlated with the Adamantina Formation of the Paraná Basin in Brazil and the Bajo de la Carpa Formation of the Neuquén Basin in Patagonia, Argentina	Cajones Formation	0
554	The Crato Formation is a geologic formation of Early Cretaceous (Aptian) age in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin. It is an important Lagerstätte (undisturbed fossil accumulation) for palaeontologists. The strata were laid down mostly during the Aptian age, about 113 million years ago	Crato Formation	0
558	The Itaboraí Formation (Portuguese: Formação Itaboraí) is a highly fossiliferous geologic formation and Lagerstätte of the Itaboraí Basin in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The formation reaching a thickness of 100 metres (330 ft) is the defining unit for the Itaboraian South American land mammal age (SALMA), dating to the Early Eocene, approximately 53 to 50 Ma. The formation is restricted to the Itaboraí Basin, a minibasin of 1 square kilometre (0	Itaboraí Formation	0
567	The Quiricó Formation is a geological formation of the Areado Group in Minas Gerais, Brazil whose strata date back to the Lower Cretaceous (Early Cretaceous). Many occurrences of fossils are reported in the lacustrine deposits of the Quiricó Formation. Fossil content Neokotus sanfranciscanus Tapuiasaurus macedoi Dastilbe moraesi Laeliichthys ancentralis Spectrovenator ragei Abelisauridae indet	Quiricó Formation	0
601	Densely packed decimal (DPD) is an efficient method for binary encoding decimal digits. The traditional system of binary encoding for decimal digits, known as binary-coded decimal (BCD), uses four bits to encode each digit, resulting in significant wastage of binary data bandwidth (since four bits can store 16 states and are being used to store only 10), even when using packed BCD. Densely packed decimal is a more efficient code that packs three digits into ten bits using a scheme that allows compression from, or expansion to, BCD with only two or three hardware gate delays	Densely packed decimal	9
602	A division algorithm is an algorithm which, given two integers N and D (respectively the numerator and the denominator), computes their quotient and/or remainder, the result of Euclidean division. Some are applied by hand, while others are employed by digital circuit designs and software. Division algorithms fall into two main categories: slow division and fast division	Division algorithm	15,003
639	In computing, a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The most commonly used linear function of single bits is exclusive-or (XOR). Thus, an LFSR is most often a shift register whose input bit is driven by the XOR of some bits of the overall shift register value	Linear-feedback shift register	15,011
640	In computer science, a logical shift is a bitwise operation that shifts all the bits of its operand. The two base variants are the logical left shift and the logical right shift. This is further modulated by the number of bit positions a given value shall be shifted, such as shift left by 1 or shift right by n	Logical shift	9
641	In computer science, a mask or bitmask is data that is used for bitwise operations, particularly in a bit field. Using a mask, multiple bits in a byte, nibble, word, etc. can be set either on or off, or inverted from on to off (or vice versa) in a single bitwise operation	Mask (computing)	9
655	In computing, fixed-point is a method of representing fractional (non-integer) numbers by storing a fixed number of digits of their fractional part. Dollar amounts, for example, are often stored with exactly two fractional digits, representing the cents (1/100 of dollar). More generally, the term may refer to representing fractional values as integer multiples of some fixed small unit, e	Fixed-point arithmetic	9
665	In computer programming, the exclusive or swap (sometimes shortened to XOR swap) is an algorithm that uses the exclusive or bitwise operation to swap the values of two variables without using the temporary variable which is normally required. The algorithm is primarily a novelty and a way of demonstrating properties of the exclusive or operation. It is sometimes discussed as a program optimization, but there are almost no cases where swapping via exclusive or provides benefit over the standard, obvious technique	XOR swap algorithm	15,003
669	Ordinal data is a categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distances between the categories are not known. : 2 These data exist on an ordinal scale, one of four levels of measurement described by S. S	Ordinal data	15,006
675	In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g	Binary-coded decimal	9
676	In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g	Binary-coded decimal	9
677	In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g	Binary-coded decimal	9
678	In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g	Binary-coded decimal	9
679	In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g	Binary-coded decimal	9
682	This article lists libraries, applications, and other software which enable or support arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Libraries Stand-alone application software Software that supports arbitrary precision computations: bc the POSIX arbitrary-precision arithmetic language that comes standard on most Unix-like systems. dc: "Desktop Calculator" arbitrary-precision RPN calculator that comes standard on most Unix-like systems	List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic software	9
683	In computer science, arbitrary-precision arithmetic, also called bignum arithmetic, multiple-precision arithmetic, or sometimes infinite-precision arithmetic, indicates that calculations are performed on numbers whose digits of precision are limited only by the available memory of the host system. This contrasts with the faster fixed-precision arithmetic found in most arithmetic logic unit (ALU) hardware, which typically offers between 8 and 64 bits of precision. Several modern programming languages have built-in support for bignums, and others have libraries available for arbitrary-precision integer and floating-point math	Arbitrary-precision arithmetic	9
684	The IEEE International Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (ARITH) is a conference in the area of computer arithmetic. The symposium was established in 1969, initially as three-year event, then as a biennial event, and, finally, from 2015 as an annual symposium. ARITH topics span from theoretical aspects and algorithms for operations, to hardware implementations of arithmetic units and applications of computer arithmetic	ARITH Symposium on Computer Arithmetic	15,127
685	In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers. This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. It is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units (GPUs)	Arithmetic logic unit	9
687	The term arithmetic underflow (also floating point underflow, or just underflow) is a condition in a computer program where the result of a calculation is a number of more precise absolute value than the computer can actually represent in memory on its central processing unit (CPU). Arithmetic underflow can occur when the true result of a floating point operation is smaller in magnitude (that is, closer to zero) than the smallest value representable as a normal floating point number in the target datatype. Underflow can in part be regarded as negative overflow of the exponent of the floating point value	Arithmetic underflow	9
693	Bi-quinary coded decimal is a numeral encoding scheme used in many abacuses and in some early computers, including the Colossus. The term bi-quinary indicates that the code comprises both a two-state (bi) and a five-state (quinary) component. The encoding resembles that used by many abacuses, with four beads indicating the five values either from 0 through 4 or from 5 through 9 and another bead indicating which of those ranges (which can alternatively be thought of as +5)	Bi-quinary coded decimal	9
694	The IEEE 754-2008 standard includes decimal floating-point number formats in which the significand and the exponent (and the payloads of NaNs) can be encoded in two ways, referred to as binary encoding and decimal encoding. Both formats break a number down into a sign bit s, an exponent q (between qmin and qmax), and a p-digit significand c (between 0 and 10p−1). The value encoded is (−1)s×10q×c	Binary integer decimal	9
696	In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g	Binary-coded decimal	9
699	The BKM algorithm is a shift-and-add algorithm for computing elementary functions, first published in 1994 by Jean-Claude Bajard, Sylvanus Kla, and Jean-Michel Muller. BKM is based on computing complex logarithms (L-mode) and exponentials (E-mode) using a method similar to the algorithm Henry Briggs used to compute logarithms. By using a precomputed table of logarithms of negative powers of two, the BKM algorithm computes elementary functions using only integer add, shift, and compare operations	BKM algorithm	15,006
701	The Key is a science fiction mystery novelette by American writer Isaac Asimov. It is one of the stories featuring the reclusive scientist Wendell Urth. It first appeared in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction in October 1966, and was reprinted in the anthologies Asimov's Mysteries (1968) and The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov (1986)	The Key (short story)	0
713	Mind Games is an American comedy-drama television series created by Kyle Killen that aired on ABC. The show is about two brothers who run a problem solving firm called Edwards and Associates that employs solutions based on psychological manipulation. It premiered on February 25, 2014, and was canceled on March 27, 2014	Mind Games (TV series)	9
727	The Prodigies is a 2011 French-British computer-animated science fiction, action, horror and psychological thriller film based on La Nuit des enfants rois, a novel written by French writer Bernard Lenteric. Released theatrically on 8 June 2011, the film received generally negative reviews from critics with most critics and audiences making comparisons between The Prodigies and two other films Village of the Damned and Law Abiding Citizen and was a box office bomb, grossing only $1 million against a budget of $31 million. Plot Ten-year-old Jimbo Farrar is a gifted child who suffers abuse at the hands of his parents	The Prodigies (film)	4
731	Rainbows End is a 2006 science fiction novel by Vernor Vinge. It was awarded the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book is set in San Diego, California, in 2025, in a variation of the fictional world Vinge explored in his 2002 Hugo-winning novella "Fast Times at Fairmont High" and 2004's "Synthetic Serendipity"	Rainbows End (novel)	15,011
733	République is an episodic action-adventure stealth video game developed by Camouflaj and Logan Games and published by GungHo Online Entertainment. The game was originally released for iOS devices but has since expanded to Android, Microsoft Windows and OS X. A PlayStation 4 version, containing all five episodes, was released on March 22, 2016, while a version for the Stadia cloud gaming service was released on September 15, 2020	République (video game)	4
754	Syndicate is a 2012 cyberpunk first-person shooter video game developed by Starbreeze Studios and published by Electronic Arts. It is a reboot of the Syndicate series of real-time tactics games developed by Bullfrog Productions. The game was released in February 2012 worldwide	Syndicate (2012 video game)	4
775	Batman and Superman: Battle of the Super Sons is a 2022 American animated direct-to-video superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and based on the comic books of the same name. It is the 49th installment in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the first fully-CGI animated film from DC Entertainment	Batman and Superman: Battle of the Super Sons	15,126
785	Eternals is a 2021 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics race of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the 26th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Chloé Zhao, who wrote the screenplay with Patrick Burleigh, Ryan Firpo, and Kaz Firpo	Eternals (film)	15,005
790	The Ipcress File is a 1965 British spy film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Michael Caine. The screenplay, by Bill Canaway and James Doran, was based on Len Deighton's novel The IPCRESS File (1962)	The Ipcress File (film)	0
800	Amiga software is computer software engineered to run on the Amiga personal computer. Amiga software covers many applications, including productivity, digital art, games, commercial, freeware and hobbyist products. The market was active in the late 1980s and early 1990s but then dwindled	Amiga software	4
801	Amiga support and maintenance software performs service functions such as formatting media for a specific filesystem, diagnosing failures that occur on formatted media, data recovery after media failure, and installation of new software for the Amiga family of personal computers—as opposed to application software, which performs business, education, and recreation functions. The Amiga came with some embedded utility programs, but many more were added over time, often by third-party developers and companies. Original utilities Commodore included utility programs with the operating system	Amiga support and maintenance software	4
803	This article lists libraries, applications, and other software which enable or support arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Libraries Stand-alone application software Software that supports arbitrary precision computations: bc the POSIX arbitrary-precision arithmetic language that comes standard on most Unix-like systems. dc: "Desktop Calculator" arbitrary-precision RPN calculator that comes standard on most Unix-like systems	List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic software	9
804	This is a list of development tools for 32-bit ARM Cortex-M-based microcontrollers, which consists of Cortex-M0, Cortex-M0+, Cortex-M1, Cortex-M3, Cortex-M4, Cortex-M7, Cortex-M23, Cortex-M33 cores. Development toolchains IDE, compiler, linker, debugger, flashing (in alphabetical order): Ac6 System Workbench for STM32 (based on Eclipse and the GNU GCC toolchain with direct support for all ST-provided evaluation boards, Eval, Discovery and Nucleo, debug with ST-LINK) ARM Development Studio 5 by ARM Ltd. Atmel Studio by Atmel (based on Visual Studio and GNU GCC Toolchain) Code Composer Studio by Texas Instruments CoIDE by CooCox (note - website dead since 2018) Crossware Development Suite for ARM by Crossware CrossWorks for ARM by Rowley Dave by Infineon	List of ARM Cortex-M development tools	15,103
806	Systems biology relies heavily on building mathematical models to help understand and make predictions of biological processes. Specialized software to assist in building models has been developed since the arrival of the first digital computers. The following list gives the currently supported software applications available to researchers	List of systems biology modeling software	15,006
808	Build automation involves scripting or automating the process of compiling computer source code into binary code. Below is a list of notable tools associated with automating build processes. Make-based GNU make, a make implementation with a large set of extensions make, a Unix build tool mk, developed originally for Version 10 Unix and Plan 9, and ported to Unix as part of plan9port MPW Make, developed for the classic Mac OS and similar to but not compatible with Unix make; the modern macOS (OS X) comes with both GNU make and BSD make; available as part of Macintosh Programmer's Workshop as a free, unsupported download from Apple nmake PVCS-make, follows the concept of make but with additional syntax features Make-incompatible Apache Ant, popular for Java platform development and uses an XML file format Apache Buildr, historic open-source build system, Rake-based, gives the full power of scripting in Ruby with integral support for most abilities wanted in a build system Apache Maven, a Java platform tool for dependency management and automated software build ASDF LISP build system for building LISP projects A-A-P, a Python-based build tool Bazel, a portion of Blaze (Google's own build tool) written in Java, using Starlark (BUILD file syntax) to build projects in Java, C, C++, Go, Python, Objective-C, and others BitBake, a Python-based tool with the special focus of distributions and packages for embedded Linux cross-compilation Boot, a Java build and dependency management tool written in Clojure boost	List of build automation software	15,126
809	C# is a programming language. The following is a list of software programmed in it: Banshee, a cross-platform open-source media player. Beagle, a search system for Linux and other Unix-like systems	List of C Sharp software	4
811	This is a list of software used to simulate the material and energy balances of chemical process plants. Applications for this include design studies, engineering studies, design audits, debottlenecking studies, control system check-out, process simulation, dynamic simulation, operator training simulators, pipeline management systems, production management systems, digital twins. See also Chemical engineering Process simulation Process engineering References Seader, J	List of chemical process simulators	15,127
814	== Legend == The term "on-demand scan" refers to the possibility of performing a manual scan (by the user) on the entire computer/device, while "on-access scan" refers to the ability of a product to automatically scan every file at its creation or subsequent modification. The term "CloudAV" refers to the ability of a product to automatically perform scans on the cloud. The term "Email Security" refers to the protection of emails from viruses and malware, while "AntiSpam" refers to the protection from spam, scam and phishing attacks	Comparison of antivirus software	4
816	The following is a list of notable computer simulation software. Free or open-source Advanced Simulation Library - open-source hardware accelerated multiphysics simulation software. ASCEND - open-source equation-based modelling environment	List of computer simulation software	15,127
817	Computer software for computer-assisted organic synthesis (CAOS) are used in organic chemistry in tandem with computational chemistry to help facilitate the tasks of designing, predicting, and producing chemical reactions. CAOS aims to identify a series of chemical reactions which, from a starting compound, can produce a desired molecule. CAOS algorithms typically use two databases: a first one of known chemical reactions and a second one of known starting materials (i	List of computer-assisted organic synthesis software	15,127
818	Concept mapping and mind mapping software is used to create diagrams of relationships between concepts, ideas, or other pieces of information. It has been suggested that the mind mapping technique can improve learning and study efficiency up to 15% over conventional note-taking. Many software packages and websites allow creating or otherwise supporting mind maps	List of concept- and mind-mapping software	15,006
819	Content management systems (CMS) are used to organize and facilitate collaborative content creation. Many of them are built on top of separate content management frameworks. The list is limited to notable services	List of content management systems	15,005
820	This List of Cosmological Computation Software catalogs the tools and programs used by scientists in cosmological research. In the past few decades, the accelerating technological evolution has profoundly enhanced astronomical instrumentation, enabling more precise observations and expanding the breadth and depth of data collection by several orders of magnitude. Simultaneously, the exponential growth in computational power has enabled the creation of computer simulations that reveal details with unprecedented resolution and accuracy	List of cosmological computation software	15,127
821	The following database management systems and other software use multiversion concurrency control. Databases Altibase Berkeley DB Cloudant Cloud Spanner Clustrix CockroachDB Couchbase CouchDB CUBRID IBM Db2 – since IBM DB2 9. 7 LUW ("Cobra") under CS isolation level – in currently committed mode Drizzle Druid etcd EXASOL eXtremeDB Firebird FLAIM FoundationDB GE Smallworld Version Managed Data Store H2 Database Engine – experimental since version 1	List of databases using MVCC	15,125
823	The following is a list of major desktop publishing software. A wide range of related software tools exist in this field including many plug-ins and tools related to the applications listed below. Several software directories provide more comprehensive listings of desktop publishing software, including VersionTracker and Tucows	List of desktop publishing software	4
824	During the 1980s, most digital forensic investigations consisted of "live analysis", examining digital media directly using non-specialist tools. In the 1990s, several freeware and other proprietary tools (both hardware and software) were created to allow investigations to take place without modifying media. This first set of tools mainly focused on computer forensics, although in recent years similar tools have evolved for the field of mobile device forensics	List of digital forensics tools	15,127
826	This is a list of notable discrete-event simulation software. Commercial Open source Further reading Byrne, James; Heavey, Cathal; Byrne, P. J	List of discrete event simulation software	15,000
827	The Eclipse IDE platform can be extended by adding different plug-ins. Notable examples include: Acceleo, an open source code generator that uses EMF-based models to generate any textual language (Java, PHP, Python, etc. )	List of Eclipse-based software	15,000
828	An ECMAScript engine is a program that executes source code written in a version of the ECMAScript language standard, for example, JavaScript. Just-in-time compilation engines These are new generation ECMAScript engines for web browsers, all implementing just-in-time compilation (JIT) or variations of that idea. The performance benefits for just-in-time compilation make it much more suitable for web applications written in JavaScript	List of ECMAScript engines	15,005
831	This article lists software and hardware that emulates computing platforms. The host in this article is the system running the emulator, and the guest is the system being emulated. The list is organized by guest operating system (the system being emulated), grouped by word length	List of computer system emulators	15,005
833	This is a list of notable custom software projects which have significantly failed to achieve some or all of their objectives, either temporarily or permanently, and/or have suffered from significant cost overruns. For a list of successful major custom software projects, see Custom software #Major project successes. Note that failed projects, and projects running over budget, are not necessarily the sole fault of the employees or businesses creating the software	List of failed and overbudget custom software projects	15,126
834	This article provides a list of inbuilt and third party file copying and moving software - utilities and other software used, as part of computer file management, to explicitly move and copy files and other data on demand from one location to another on a storage device. File copying is a fundamental operation for data storage. Most popular operating systems such as Windows, macOS and Linux as well as smartphone operating systems such as Android contain built-in file copying functions as well as command line (CLI) and graphical (GUI) interfaces to filing system copy and move functions	List of file copying software	4
838	A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important. The GIS software industry encompasses a broad range of commercial and open-source products that provide some or all of these capabilities within various information technology architectures. History The earliest geographic information systems, such as the Canadian Geographic Information System started in 1963, were bespoke programs developed specifically for a single installation (usually a government agency), based on custom-designed data models	Geographic information system software	15,006
844	Home automation software is software that facilitates control of common appliances found in a home, office, or sometimes a commercial setting, such as lights, HVAC equipment, access control, sprinklers, and other devices. It usually provides for scheduling tasks, such as turning sprinklers on at the appropriate time, and event handling, such as turning lights on when motion is detected. Typically the application will support multiple interfaces to the outside world, such as XMPP, email, Z-Wave, and X10	List of home automation software	15,005
846	In computing, an icon is a pictogram or ideogram displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate a computer system. The icon itself is a quickly comprehensible symbol of a software tool, function, or a data file, accessible on the system and is more like a traffic sign than a detailed illustration of the actual entity it represents. It can serve as an electronic hyperlink or file shortcut to access the program or data	Icon (computing)	5
848	Interactive geometry software (IGS) or dynamic geometry environments (DGEs) are computer programs which allow one to create and then manipulate geometric constructions, primarily in plane geometry. In most IGS, one starts construction by putting a few points and using them to define new objects such as lines, circles or other points. After some construction is done, one can move the points one started with and see how the construction changes	List of interactive geometry software	15,127
849	There are two types of Java programming language application programming interfaces (APIs): The official core Java API, contained in the Android (Google), SE (OpenJDK and Oracle), MicroEJ. These packages (java. * packages) are the core Java language packages, meaning that programmers using the Java language had to use them in order to make any worthwhile use of the Java language	List of Java APIs	15,103
856	This is an incomplete list of log-structured file system implementations. James T, Brady while in IBM Poughkeepsie Lab conceived a log structured paging file system in 1979 which was implemented in MVS SP2 in 1980. John K	List of log-structured file systems	15,006
857	In computer engineering, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract specification of desired circuit behavior, typically at register transfer level (RTL), is turned into a design implementation in terms of logic gates, typically by a computer program called a synthesis tool. Common examples of this process include synthesis of designs specified in hardware description languages, including VHDL and Verilog. Some synthesis tools generate bitstreams for programmable logic devices such as PALs or FPGAs, while others target the creation of ASICs	Logic synthesis	9

7

The magic bullet is a scientific concept developed by a German Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich in 1907. While working at the Institute of Experimental Therapy (Institut für experimentelle Therapie), Ehrlich formed an idea that it could be possible to kill specific microbes (such as bacteria), which cause diseases in the body, without harming the body itself. He named the hypothetical agent as Zauberkugel, and used the English translation "magic bullet" in The Harben Lectures at London

Magic bullet (medicine)

9

57

Skin secretions are those substances and materials that are secreted by the skin and the external mucous membranes. Some skin secretions are associated with body hair. Skin secretions originate from glands that in dermal layer of the epidermis

Skin secretions (human)

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Biomanufacturing is a type of manufacturing or biotechnology that utilizes biological systems to produce commercially important biomaterials and biomolecules for use in medicines, food and beverage processing, and industrial applications. Biomanufacturing products are recovered from natural sources, such as blood, or from cultures of microbes, animal cells, or plant cells grown in specialized equipment. The cells used during the production may have been naturally occurring or derived using genetic engineering techniques

Biomanufacturing

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The Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) is a multidisciplinary instructional center at North Carolina State University that provides education and training to develop skilled professionals for the biomanufacturing industry. Biomanufacturing refers to the use of living organisms or other biological material to produce commercially viable products. Examples include therapeutic proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines for medical use; amino acids and enzymes for food manufacturing; and biofuels and biochemicals for industrial applications

Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center

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Low-impact development (LID) is a term used in Canada and the United States to describe a land planning and engineering design approach to manage stormwater runoff as part of green infrastructure. LID emphasizes conservation and use of on-site natural features to protect water quality. This approach implements engineered small-scale hydrologic controls to replicate the pre-development hydrologic regime of watersheds through infiltrating, filtering, storing, evaporating, and detaining runoff close to its source

Low-impact development (U.S. and Canada)

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Mixed use is a type of urban development, urban design, urban planning and/or a zoning classification that blends multiple uses, such as residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or entertainment, into one space, where those functions are to some degree physically and functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections. Mixed-use development may be applied to a single building, a block or neighborhood, or in zoning policy across an entire city or other administrative unit. These projects may be completed by a private developer, (quasi-) governmental agency, or a combination thereof

Mixed-use development

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Carlos Moreno (born April 16, 1959) is a Colombian-French urbanist, author, and Sorbonne University professor. He is mainly known for his contribution to the 15-Minute City "Ville du quart d’heure" concept. Life Carlos Moreno was born in Tunja, Colombia in 1959 as the child of rural farmers

Carlos Moreno (urbanist)

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In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices. The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate performing an accurate site analysis

Passive solar building design

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Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl. It also advocates compact, transit-oriented, walkable, bicycle-friendly land use, including neighborhood schools, complete streets, and mixed-use development with a range of housing choices. The term "smart growth" is particularly used in North America

Smart growth

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Solar architecture is an architectural approach that takes in account the Sun to harness clean and renewable solar power. It is related to the fields of optics, thermics, electronics and materials science. Both active and passive solar housing skills are involved in solar architecture

Solar architecture

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Sustainable development is an organizing principle that aims to meet human development goals while also enabling natural systems to provide necessary natural resources and ecosystem services to humans. The desired result is a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining the planetary integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development tries to find a balance between economic development, environmental protection, and social well-being

Sustainable development

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Tactical urbanism, also commonly referred to as guerrilla urbanism, pop-up urbanism, city repair, D. I. Y

Tactical urbanism

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Systematization (Romanian: Sistematizarea) in Romania was a program of urban planning carried out by the Romanian Communist Party under the leadership of Nicolae Ceaușescu. Ceaușescu was impressed by the ideological mobilization and mass adulation of North Korea under its Juche ideology during his East Asia visit in 1971, and issued the July Theses shortly afterwards. Beginning in 1974, systematization consisted largely of the demolition and reconstruction of existing hamlets, villages, towns, and cities, in whole or in part, with the stated goal of turning Romania into a "multilaterally developed socialist society"

Systematization (Romania)

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Build-out is an urban planner’s estimate of the amount and location of potential development for an area. Sometimes called a "lot-yield analysis", build-out is one step of the land use planning process. Evaluation of potential development impacts begins with a build-out analysis

Build-out

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Californication is a portmanteau of California and fornication, appearing in Time on May 6, 1966 and written about on August 21, 1972, additionally seen on bumper stickers in the U. S. states of Idaho, Washington, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas

Californication (word)

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Comprehensive planning is an ordered process that determines community goals and aspirations in terms of community development. The end product is called a comprehensive plan, also known as a general plan, or master plan. This resulting document expresses and regulates public policies on transportation, utilities, land use, recreation, and housing

Comprehensive planning

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Coving is a method of Suburban planning used in subdivision and redevelopment of cities characterized by organic lot shapes and home placement along meandering setbacks. When combined with a new form of street patterns, lot area is increased and road area and length is reduced - a demonstrated average 25% compared to conventional suburban platting. Coving is used as an alternative to conventional urban "grid" and suburban land development layouts in order to enhance curb appeal, eliminate monotony, reduce costs, such as road surfacing and street length, while increasing the amount of land available for construction

Coving (urban planning)

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182

Data culture is the principle established in the process of social practice in both public and Private sectors which requires all staffs and decision-makers to focus on the information conveyed by the existing data, and make decisions and changes according to these results instead of leading the development of the company based on experience in the particular field. These data might include but are not limited to: general economical or Social Trends in the market, sales volume of products, or even performance of staffs pointing to their efficiency and productivity. Despite the business field, data culture is also applied in the social infrastructure system, such as Urban planning projects, to impact the process of data production and data practices of daily usage, such as Smart City programs

Data culture

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196

A forum (Latin forum "public place outdoors", plural fora; English plural either fora or forums) was a public square in a Roman municipium, or any civitas, reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i. e. , a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls

Forum (Roman)

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Myb genes are part of a large gene family of transcription factors found in animals and plants. In humans, it includes Myb proto-oncogene like 1 and Myb-related protein B in addition to MYB proper. Members of the extended SANT/Myb family also include the SANT domain and other similar all-helical homeobox-like domains

MYB (gene)

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Nuclear factor 1 B-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFIB gene. NFIB haploinsufficiency is also associated with intellectual disability and macrocephaly, as are NFIA and NFIX. Embryonic Development The NFIB gene is a part of the NFI gene complex that includes three other genes (NFIA, NFIC and NFIX)

NFIB (gene)

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Neural retina-specific leucine zipper protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRL gene. Function This gene encodes a basic motif-leucine zipper transcription factor of the Maf subfamily. The encoded protein is conserved among vertebrates and is a critical intrinsic regulator of photoreceptor cell development and function

NRL (gene)

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Peter James de Lange (born 1966) is a New Zealand botanist at Unitec Institute of Technology. He is a Fellow of the Linnean Society, and has received the New Zealand Botanical Society Allan Mere award and the Loder Cup for his botanical work. Two species are named in his honour

Peter de Lange (botanist)

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Aaron Goldberg (November 4, 1917 – December 13, 2014) was an American botanist and parasitologist. He died in December 2014 at the Holy Cross Hospital in Silver Spring, Maryland, at the age of 97. Career Ph

Aaron Goldberg (botanist)

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Hiroshi Hara (原寛, Hara Hiroshi, January 5, 1911 – September 24, 1986) was a Japanese botanist. Hara was born 1911 in Nagano. He studied at The University of Tokyo and became a professor there in 1957

Hiroshi Hara (botanist)

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Kenneth D. Hill (6 August 1948 – 4 August 2010) was an Australian botanist, notable for his work on eucalypts, the systematics, evolution and conservation of the genus Cycas, as well as on botanical informatics. He was born in Armidale, New South Wales

Ken Hill (botanist)

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Hiroshi Inoue (井上浩, Inoue Hiroshi, March 30, 1932 – December 29, 1989) was a Japanese botanist specializing in bryology. Inoue's botanical publications are from Japan. He described or recognized many species of liverworts

Hiroshi Inoue (bryologist)

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351

Keisuke Ito (伊藤圭介, Itō Keisuke, February 18, 1803 – January 20, 1901) was a Japanese physician and biologist. He was born in Nagoya. As a doctor, Ito developed a vaccination against smallpox

Keisuke Ito (botanist)

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354

David Lloyd Jones (born 1944) is an Australian horticultural botanist and the author of many books and papers, especially on Australian orchids. Jones was born in Victoria and in his youth was a student at Burnley Horticultural College, then the University of Melbourne, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. He was employed for 14 years by the Victorian Department of Agriculture where he helped develop programs involving the nutrient requirements of Australian native plants

David L. Jones (botanist)

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Charles Knight (c. 1808 – 3 September 1891) was a New Zealand doctor, public servant and botanist. He was born in Rye, Sussex, England in c

Charles Knight (doctor)

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Karen Koch is a plant biologist in the horticultural science department in the University of Florida. She is a professor in the Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (PMCB) Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, and Genetics Institute at University of Florida. Research interest Koch's lab is best known for its research on sugar-responsive gene expression and the capacity for this process to alter form and function of plants

Karen Koch (plant biologist)

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386

Donald John McGillivray (20 August 1935 – 17 August 2012) in New South Wales, Australia, usually known as D. J. McGillivray, was an Australian botanical taxonomist

Donald McGillivray (botanist)

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389

John Miller (1715–c. 1792), also known as Johann Sebastian Müller, was a German engraver and botanist active in London. Born in Nuremberg, he trained under Johann Christoph Weigel and came to England in 1744 with his brother Tobias–an engraver of architecture–and lived there the rest of his life

John Miller (botanical illustrator)

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477

An internal ribosome entry site, abbreviated IRES, is an RNA element that allows for translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, as part of the greater process of protein synthesis. In eukaryotic translation, initiation typically occurs at the 5' end of mRNA molecules, since 5' cap recognition is required for the assembly of the initiation complex. The location for IRES elements is often in the 5'UTR, but can also occur elsewhere in mRNAs

Internal ribosome entry site

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502

The Skalica Formation is a geologic formation in Austria. It preserves fossils dating back to the Serravallian stage (Sarmatian) of the Miocene period. See also List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Austria References Further reading M

Skalica Formation

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The Cajones Formation is a Turonian geologic formation of central Bolivia. The fluvial sandstones in Amboró National Park preserve fossils of Yacarerani boliviensis. The formation is correlated with the Adamantina Formation of the Paraná Basin in Brazil and the Bajo de la Carpa Formation of the Neuquén Basin in Patagonia, Argentina

Cajones Formation

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554

The Crato Formation is a geologic formation of Early Cretaceous (Aptian) age in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin. It is an important Lagerstätte (undisturbed fossil accumulation) for palaeontologists. The strata were laid down mostly during the Aptian age, about 113 million years ago

Crato Formation

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558

The Itaboraí Formation (Portuguese: Formação Itaboraí) is a highly fossiliferous geologic formation and Lagerstätte of the Itaboraí Basin in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The formation reaching a thickness of 100 metres (330 ft) is the defining unit for the Itaboraian South American land mammal age (SALMA), dating to the Early Eocene, approximately 53 to 50 Ma. The formation is restricted to the Itaboraí Basin, a minibasin of 1 square kilometre (0

Itaboraí Formation

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567

The Quiricó Formation is a geological formation of the Areado Group in Minas Gerais, Brazil whose strata date back to the Lower Cretaceous (Early Cretaceous). Many occurrences of fossils are reported in the lacustrine deposits of the Quiricó Formation. Fossil content Neokotus sanfranciscanus Tapuiasaurus macedoi Dastilbe moraesi Laeliichthys ancentralis Spectrovenator ragei Abelisauridae indet

Quiricó Formation

0

601

Densely packed decimal (DPD) is an efficient method for binary encoding decimal digits. The traditional system of binary encoding for decimal digits, known as binary-coded decimal (BCD), uses four bits to encode each digit, resulting in significant wastage of binary data bandwidth (since four bits can store 16 states and are being used to store only 10), even when using packed BCD. Densely packed decimal is a more efficient code that packs three digits into ten bits using a scheme that allows compression from, or expansion to, BCD with only two or three hardware gate delays

Densely packed decimal

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602

A division algorithm is an algorithm which, given two integers N and D (respectively the numerator and the denominator), computes their quotient and/or remainder, the result of Euclidean division. Some are applied by hand, while others are employed by digital circuit designs and software. Division algorithms fall into two main categories: slow division and fast division

Division algorithm

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In computing, a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The most commonly used linear function of single bits is exclusive-or (XOR). Thus, an LFSR is most often a shift register whose input bit is driven by the XOR of some bits of the overall shift register value

Linear-feedback shift register

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In computer science, a logical shift is a bitwise operation that shifts all the bits of its operand. The two base variants are the logical left shift and the logical right shift. This is further modulated by the number of bit positions a given value shall be shifted, such as shift left by 1 or shift right by n

Logical shift

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641

In computer science, a mask or bitmask is data that is used for bitwise operations, particularly in a bit field. Using a mask, multiple bits in a byte, nibble, word, etc. can be set either on or off, or inverted from on to off (or vice versa) in a single bitwise operation

Mask (computing)

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655

In computing, fixed-point is a method of representing fractional (non-integer) numbers by storing a fixed number of digits of their fractional part. Dollar amounts, for example, are often stored with exactly two fractional digits, representing the cents (1/100 of dollar). More generally, the term may refer to representing fractional values as integer multiples of some fixed small unit, e

Fixed-point arithmetic

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665

In computer programming, the exclusive or swap (sometimes shortened to XOR swap) is an algorithm that uses the exclusive or bitwise operation to swap the values of two variables without using the temporary variable which is normally required. The algorithm is primarily a novelty and a way of demonstrating properties of the exclusive or operation. It is sometimes discussed as a program optimization, but there are almost no cases where swapping via exclusive or provides benefit over the standard, obvious technique

XOR swap algorithm

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Ordinal data is a categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distances between the categories are not known. : 2 These data exist on an ordinal scale, one of four levels of measurement described by S. S

Ordinal data

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In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g

Binary-coded decimal

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676

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g

Binary-coded decimal

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677

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g

Binary-coded decimal

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678

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g

Binary-coded decimal

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679

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g

Binary-coded decimal

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682

This article lists libraries, applications, and other software which enable or support arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Libraries Stand-alone application software Software that supports arbitrary precision computations: bc the POSIX arbitrary-precision arithmetic language that comes standard on most Unix-like systems. dc: "Desktop Calculator" arbitrary-precision RPN calculator that comes standard on most Unix-like systems

List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic software

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683

In computer science, arbitrary-precision arithmetic, also called bignum arithmetic, multiple-precision arithmetic, or sometimes infinite-precision arithmetic, indicates that calculations are performed on numbers whose digits of precision are limited only by the available memory of the host system. This contrasts with the faster fixed-precision arithmetic found in most arithmetic logic unit (ALU) hardware, which typically offers between 8 and 64 bits of precision. Several modern programming languages have built-in support for bignums, and others have libraries available for arbitrary-precision integer and floating-point math

Arbitrary-precision arithmetic

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684

The IEEE International Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (ARITH) is a conference in the area of computer arithmetic. The symposium was established in 1969, initially as three-year event, then as a biennial event, and, finally, from 2015 as an annual symposium. ARITH topics span from theoretical aspects and algorithms for operations, to hardware implementations of arithmetic units and applications of computer arithmetic

ARITH Symposium on Computer Arithmetic

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In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers. This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. It is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units (GPUs)

Arithmetic logic unit

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687

The term arithmetic underflow (also floating point underflow, or just underflow) is a condition in a computer program where the result of a calculation is a number of more precise absolute value than the computer can actually represent in memory on its central processing unit (CPU). Arithmetic underflow can occur when the true result of a floating point operation is smaller in magnitude (that is, closer to zero) than the smallest value representable as a normal floating point number in the target datatype. Underflow can in part be regarded as negative overflow of the exponent of the floating point value

Arithmetic underflow

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693

Bi-quinary coded decimal is a numeral encoding scheme used in many abacuses and in some early computers, including the Colossus. The term bi-quinary indicates that the code comprises both a two-state (bi) and a five-state (quinary) component. The encoding resembles that used by many abacuses, with four beads indicating the five values either from 0 through 4 or from 5 through 9 and another bead indicating which of those ranges (which can alternatively be thought of as +5)

Bi-quinary coded decimal

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694

The IEEE 754-2008 standard includes decimal floating-point number formats in which the significand and the exponent (and the payloads of NaNs) can be encoded in two ways, referred to as binary encoding and decimal encoding. Both formats break a number down into a sign bit s, an exponent q (between qmin and qmax), and a p-digit significand c (between 0 and 10p−1). The value encoded is (−1)s×10q×c

Binary integer decimal

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696

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e. g

Binary-coded decimal

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699

The BKM algorithm is a shift-and-add algorithm for computing elementary functions, first published in 1994 by Jean-Claude Bajard, Sylvanus Kla, and Jean-Michel Muller. BKM is based on computing complex logarithms (L-mode) and exponentials (E-mode) using a method similar to the algorithm Henry Briggs used to compute logarithms. By using a precomputed table of logarithms of negative powers of two, the BKM algorithm computes elementary functions using only integer add, shift, and compare operations

BKM algorithm

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The Key is a science fiction mystery novelette by American writer Isaac Asimov. It is one of the stories featuring the reclusive scientist Wendell Urth. It first appeared in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction in October 1966, and was reprinted in the anthologies Asimov's Mysteries (1968) and The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov (1986)

The Key (short story)

0

713

Mind Games is an American comedy-drama television series created by Kyle Killen that aired on ABC. The show is about two brothers who run a problem solving firm called Edwards and Associates that employs solutions based on psychological manipulation. It premiered on February 25, 2014, and was canceled on March 27, 2014

Mind Games (TV series)

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727

The Prodigies is a 2011 French-British computer-animated science fiction, action, horror and psychological thriller film based on La Nuit des enfants rois, a novel written by French writer Bernard Lenteric. Released theatrically on 8 June 2011, the film received generally negative reviews from critics with most critics and audiences making comparisons between The Prodigies and two other films Village of the Damned and Law Abiding Citizen and was a box office bomb, grossing only $1 million against a budget of $31 million. Plot Ten-year-old Jimbo Farrar is a gifted child who suffers abuse at the hands of his parents

The Prodigies (film)

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731

Rainbows End is a 2006 science fiction novel by Vernor Vinge. It was awarded the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book is set in San Diego, California, in 2025, in a variation of the fictional world Vinge explored in his 2002 Hugo-winning novella "Fast Times at Fairmont High" and 2004's "Synthetic Serendipity"

Rainbows End (novel)

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République is an episodic action-adventure stealth video game developed by Camouflaj and Logan Games and published by GungHo Online Entertainment. The game was originally released for iOS devices but has since expanded to Android, Microsoft Windows and OS X. A PlayStation 4 version, containing all five episodes, was released on March 22, 2016, while a version for the Stadia cloud gaming service was released on September 15, 2020

République (video game)

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754

Syndicate is a 2012 cyberpunk first-person shooter video game developed by Starbreeze Studios and published by Electronic Arts. It is a reboot of the Syndicate series of real-time tactics games developed by Bullfrog Productions. The game was released in February 2012 worldwide

Syndicate (2012 video game)

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775

Batman and Superman: Battle of the Super Sons is a 2022 American animated direct-to-video superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and based on the comic books of the same name. It is the 49th installment in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the first fully-CGI animated film from DC Entertainment

Batman and Superman: Battle of the Super Sons

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Eternals is a 2021 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics race of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the 26th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Chloé Zhao, who wrote the screenplay with Patrick Burleigh, Ryan Firpo, and Kaz Firpo

Eternals (film)

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The Ipcress File is a 1965 British spy film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Michael Caine. The screenplay, by Bill Canaway and James Doran, was based on Len Deighton's novel The IPCRESS File (1962)

The Ipcress File (film)

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Amiga software is computer software engineered to run on the Amiga personal computer. Amiga software covers many applications, including productivity, digital art, games, commercial, freeware and hobbyist products. The market was active in the late 1980s and early 1990s but then dwindled

Amiga software

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Amiga support and maintenance software performs service functions such as formatting media for a specific filesystem, diagnosing failures that occur on formatted media, data recovery after media failure, and installation of new software for the Amiga family of personal computers—as opposed to application software, which performs business, education, and recreation functions. The Amiga came with some embedded utility programs, but many more were added over time, often by third-party developers and companies. Original utilities Commodore included utility programs with the operating system

Amiga support and maintenance software

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This article lists libraries, applications, and other software which enable or support arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Libraries Stand-alone application software Software that supports arbitrary precision computations: bc the POSIX arbitrary-precision arithmetic language that comes standard on most Unix-like systems. dc: "Desktop Calculator" arbitrary-precision RPN calculator that comes standard on most Unix-like systems

List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic software

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This is a list of development tools for 32-bit ARM Cortex-M-based microcontrollers, which consists of Cortex-M0, Cortex-M0+, Cortex-M1, Cortex-M3, Cortex-M4, Cortex-M7, Cortex-M23, Cortex-M33 cores. Development toolchains IDE, compiler, linker, debugger, flashing (in alphabetical order): Ac6 System Workbench for STM32 (based on Eclipse and the GNU GCC toolchain with direct support for all ST-provided evaluation boards, Eval, Discovery and Nucleo, debug with ST-LINK) ARM Development Studio 5 by ARM Ltd. Atmel Studio by Atmel (based on Visual Studio and GNU GCC Toolchain) Code Composer Studio by Texas Instruments CoIDE by CooCox (note - website dead since 2018) Crossware Development Suite for ARM by Crossware CrossWorks for ARM by Rowley Dave by Infineon

List of ARM Cortex-M development tools

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Systems biology relies heavily on building mathematical models to help understand and make predictions of biological processes. Specialized software to assist in building models has been developed since the arrival of the first digital computers. The following list gives the currently supported software applications available to researchers

List of systems biology modeling software

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Build automation involves scripting or automating the process of compiling computer source code into binary code. Below is a list of notable tools associated with automating build processes. Make-based GNU make, a make implementation with a large set of extensions make, a Unix build tool mk, developed originally for Version 10 Unix and Plan 9, and ported to Unix as part of plan9port MPW Make, developed for the classic Mac OS and similar to but not compatible with Unix make; the modern macOS (OS X) comes with both GNU make and BSD make; available as part of Macintosh Programmer's Workshop as a free, unsupported download from Apple nmake PVCS-make, follows the concept of make but with additional syntax features Make-incompatible Apache Ant, popular for Java platform development and uses an XML file format Apache Buildr, historic open-source build system, Rake-based, gives the full power of scripting in Ruby with integral support for most abilities wanted in a build system Apache Maven, a Java platform tool for dependency management and automated software build ASDF LISP build system for building LISP projects A-A-P, a Python-based build tool Bazel, a portion of Blaze (Google's own build tool) written in Java, using Starlark (BUILD file syntax) to build projects in Java, C, C++, Go, Python, Objective-C, and others BitBake, a Python-based tool with the special focus of distributions and packages for embedded Linux cross-compilation Boot, a Java build and dependency management tool written in Clojure boost

List of build automation software

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C# is a programming language. The following is a list of software programmed in it: Banshee, a cross-platform open-source media player. Beagle, a search system for Linux and other Unix-like systems

List of C Sharp software

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This is a list of software used to simulate the material and energy balances of chemical process plants. Applications for this include design studies, engineering studies, design audits, debottlenecking studies, control system check-out, process simulation, dynamic simulation, operator training simulators, pipeline management systems, production management systems, digital twins. See also Chemical engineering Process simulation Process engineering References Seader, J

List of chemical process simulators

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== Legend == The term "on-demand scan" refers to the possibility of performing a manual scan (by the user) on the entire computer/device, while "on-access scan" refers to the ability of a product to automatically scan every file at its creation or subsequent modification. The term "CloudAV" refers to the ability of a product to automatically perform scans on the cloud. The term "Email Security" refers to the protection of emails from viruses and malware, while "AntiSpam" refers to the protection from spam, scam and phishing attacks

Comparison of antivirus software

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The following is a list of notable computer simulation software. Free or open-source Advanced Simulation Library - open-source hardware accelerated multiphysics simulation software. ASCEND - open-source equation-based modelling environment

List of computer simulation software

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Computer software for computer-assisted organic synthesis (CAOS) are used in organic chemistry in tandem with computational chemistry to help facilitate the tasks of designing, predicting, and producing chemical reactions. CAOS aims to identify a series of chemical reactions which, from a starting compound, can produce a desired molecule. CAOS algorithms typically use two databases: a first one of known chemical reactions and a second one of known starting materials (i

List of computer-assisted organic synthesis software

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Concept mapping and mind mapping software is used to create diagrams of relationships between concepts, ideas, or other pieces of information. It has been suggested that the mind mapping technique can improve learning and study efficiency up to 15% over conventional note-taking. Many software packages and websites allow creating or otherwise supporting mind maps

List of concept- and mind-mapping software

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Content management systems (CMS) are used to organize and facilitate collaborative content creation. Many of them are built on top of separate content management frameworks. The list is limited to notable services

List of content management systems

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This List of Cosmological Computation Software catalogs the tools and programs used by scientists in cosmological research. In the past few decades, the accelerating technological evolution has profoundly enhanced astronomical instrumentation, enabling more precise observations and expanding the breadth and depth of data collection by several orders of magnitude. Simultaneously, the exponential growth in computational power has enabled the creation of computer simulations that reveal details with unprecedented resolution and accuracy

List of cosmological computation software

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The following database management systems and other software use multiversion concurrency control. Databases Altibase Berkeley DB Cloudant Cloud Spanner Clustrix CockroachDB Couchbase CouchDB CUBRID IBM Db2 – since IBM DB2 9. 7 LUW ("Cobra") under CS isolation level – in currently committed mode Drizzle Druid etcd EXASOL eXtremeDB Firebird FLAIM FoundationDB GE Smallworld Version Managed Data Store H2 Database Engine – experimental since version 1

List of databases using MVCC

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The following is a list of major desktop publishing software. A wide range of related software tools exist in this field including many plug-ins and tools related to the applications listed below. Several software directories provide more comprehensive listings of desktop publishing software, including VersionTracker and Tucows

List of desktop publishing software

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During the 1980s, most digital forensic investigations consisted of "live analysis", examining digital media directly using non-specialist tools. In the 1990s, several freeware and other proprietary tools (both hardware and software) were created to allow investigations to take place without modifying media. This first set of tools mainly focused on computer forensics, although in recent years similar tools have evolved for the field of mobile device forensics

List of digital forensics tools

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This is a list of notable discrete-event simulation software. Commercial Open source Further reading Byrne, James; Heavey, Cathal; Byrne, P. J

List of discrete event simulation software

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The Eclipse IDE platform can be extended by adding different plug-ins. Notable examples include: Acceleo, an open source code generator that uses EMF-based models to generate any textual language (Java, PHP, Python, etc. )

List of Eclipse-based software

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An ECMAScript engine is a program that executes source code written in a version of the ECMAScript language standard, for example, JavaScript. Just-in-time compilation engines These are new generation ECMAScript engines for web browsers, all implementing just-in-time compilation (JIT) or variations of that idea. The performance benefits for just-in-time compilation make it much more suitable for web applications written in JavaScript

List of ECMAScript engines

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This article lists software and hardware that emulates computing platforms. The host in this article is the system running the emulator, and the guest is the system being emulated. The list is organized by guest operating system (the system being emulated), grouped by word length

List of computer system emulators

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This is a list of notable custom software projects which have significantly failed to achieve some or all of their objectives, either temporarily or permanently, and/or have suffered from significant cost overruns. For a list of successful major custom software projects, see Custom software #Major project successes. Note that failed projects, and projects running over budget, are not necessarily the sole fault of the employees or businesses creating the software

List of failed and overbudget custom software projects

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This article provides a list of inbuilt and third party file copying and moving software - utilities and other software used, as part of computer file management, to explicitly move and copy files and other data on demand from one location to another on a storage device. File copying is a fundamental operation for data storage. Most popular operating systems such as Windows, macOS and Linux as well as smartphone operating systems such as Android contain built-in file copying functions as well as command line (CLI) and graphical (GUI) interfaces to filing system copy and move functions

List of file copying software

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A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important. The GIS software industry encompasses a broad range of commercial and open-source products that provide some or all of these capabilities within various information technology architectures. History The earliest geographic information systems, such as the Canadian Geographic Information System started in 1963, were bespoke programs developed specifically for a single installation (usually a government agency), based on custom-designed data models

Geographic information system software

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Home automation software is software that facilitates control of common appliances found in a home, office, or sometimes a commercial setting, such as lights, HVAC equipment, access control, sprinklers, and other devices. It usually provides for scheduling tasks, such as turning sprinklers on at the appropriate time, and event handling, such as turning lights on when motion is detected. Typically the application will support multiple interfaces to the outside world, such as XMPP, email, Z-Wave, and X10

List of home automation software

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In computing, an icon is a pictogram or ideogram displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate a computer system. The icon itself is a quickly comprehensible symbol of a software tool, function, or a data file, accessible on the system and is more like a traffic sign than a detailed illustration of the actual entity it represents. It can serve as an electronic hyperlink or file shortcut to access the program or data

Icon (computing)

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Interactive geometry software (IGS) or dynamic geometry environments (DGEs) are computer programs which allow one to create and then manipulate geometric constructions, primarily in plane geometry. In most IGS, one starts construction by putting a few points and using them to define new objects such as lines, circles or other points. After some construction is done, one can move the points one started with and see how the construction changes

List of interactive geometry software

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There are two types of Java programming language application programming interfaces (APIs): The official core Java API, contained in the Android (Google), SE (OpenJDK and Oracle), MicroEJ. These packages (java. * packages) are the core Java language packages, meaning that programmers using the Java language had to use them in order to make any worthwhile use of the Java language

List of Java APIs

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This is an incomplete list of log-structured file system implementations. James T, Brady while in IBM Poughkeepsie Lab conceived a log structured paging file system in 1979 which was implemented in MVS SP2 in 1980. John K

List of log-structured file systems

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In computer engineering, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract specification of desired circuit behavior, typically at register transfer level (RTL), is turned into a design implementation in terms of logic gates, typically by a computer program called a synthesis tool. Common examples of this process include synthesis of designs specified in hardware description languages, including VHDL and Verilog. Some synthesis tools generate bitstreams for programmable logic devices such as PALs or FPGAs, while others target the creation of ASICs

Logic synthesis

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