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Since July 2012, Pranab Mukherjee has been in office. | Pranab_Mukherjee | SUPPORTS | [
23
]
| [
"After securing the UPA 's nomination for the country 's presidency in July 2012 , Mukherjee comfortably defeated P. A. Sangma in the race to Rashtrapati Bhavan , winning 70 percent of the electoral-college vote ."
]
| [
"` Pranab Kumar Mukherjee -LRB- born 11 December 1935 -RRB- is the 13th and current President of India , he has been in office since July 2012 .",
"In a political career spanning six decades , Mukherjee was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India .",
"Prior to his election as President , Mukherjee was Union Finance Minister from 2009 to 2012 , and the Congress party 's top troubleshooter .",
"",
"",
"Mukherjee got his break in politics in 1969 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi helped him get elected to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of Parliament , on a Congress ticket .",
"Following a meteoric rise , he became one of Indira Gandhi 's most trusted lieutenants , and a minister in her cabinet by 1973 .",
"During the controversial Internal Emergency of 1975 -- 77 , he was accused -LRB- like several other Congress leaders -RRB- of committing gross excesses .",
"Mukherjee 's service in a number of ministerial capacities culminated in his first stint as finance minister in 1982 -- 84 .",
"Mukherjee was also Leader of the House in the Rajya Sabha from 1980 to 1985 .",
"",
"",
"Mukherjee was sidelined from the Congress during the premiership of Rajiv Gandhi , Indira 's son .",
"Mukherjee had viewed himself , and not the inexperienced Rajiv , as the rightful successor to Indira following her assassination in 1984 .",
"Mukherjee lost out in the ensuing power struggle .",
"He formed his own party , the Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress , which merged with the Congress in 1989 after reaching a consensus with Rajiv Gandhi .",
"Mukherjee 's political career revived when Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao appointed him Planning Commission head in 1991 and foreign minister in 1995 .",
"Following this , as elder statesman of the Congress , Mukherjee was the principal and architect of Sonia Gandhi 's ascension to the party 's presidency in 1998 .",
"",
"",
"When the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance -LRB- UPA -RRB- came into power in 2004 , Mukherjee won a Lok Sabha -LRB- the popularly elected lower house of Parliament -RRB- seat for the first time .",
"From then until his resignation in 2012 , Mukherjee was practically number-two in Prime Minister Manmohan Singh 's government .",
"He held a number of key cabinet portfolios -- Defence -LRB- 2004 -- 06 -RRB- , External Affairs -LRB- 2006 -- 09 -RRB- and Finance -LRB- 2009 -- 12 -RRB- -- apart from heading several Groups of Ministers -LRB- GoMs -RRB- and being Leader of the House in the Lok Sabha .",
""
]
|
Anonymous represents 4chan users simultaneously existing as an anarchic, digitized global brain. | Anonymous_-LRB-group-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
5
]
| [
"Anonymous originated in 2003 on the imageboard 4chan , representing the concept of many online and offline community users simultaneously existing as an anarchic , digitized global brain ."
]
| [
"Anonymous is a loosely associated international network of activist and hacktivist entities .",
"A website nominally associated with the group describes it as `` an Internet gathering '' with `` a very loose and decentralized command structure that operates on ideas rather than directives '' .",
"The group became known for a series of well-publicized publicity stunts and distributed denial-of-service -LRB- DDoS -RRB- attacks on government , religious , and corporate websites .",
"",
"",
"Anonymous members -LRB- known as `` Anons '' -RRB- can be distinguished in public by the wearing of Guy Fawkes masks in the style portrayed in the graphic novel and film V for Vendetta .",
"",
"",
"In its early form , the concept was adopted by a decentralized online community acting anonymously in a coordinated manner , usually toward a loosely self-agreed goal , and primarily focused on entertainment , or `` lulz '' .",
"Beginning with 2008 's Project Chanology -- a series of protests , pranks , and hacks targeting the Church of Scientology -- the Anonymous collective became increasingly associated with collaborative hacktivism on a number of issues internationally .",
"Individuals claiming to align themselves with Anonymous undertook protests and other actions -LRB- including direct action -RRB- in retaliation against copyright-focused campaigns by motion picture and recording industry trade associations .",
"Later targets of Anonymous hacktivism included government agencies of the U.S. , Israel , Tunisia , Uganda , and others ; the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ; child pornography sites ; copyright protection agencies ; the Westboro Baptist Church ; and corporations such as PayPal , MasterCard , Visa , and Sony .",
"Anons have publicly supported WikiLeaks and the Occupy movement .",
"Related groups LulzSec and Operation AntiSec carried out cyberattacks on U.S. government agencies , media , video game companies , military contractors , military personnel , and police officers , resulting in the attention of law enforcement to the groups ' activities .",
"Some actions by members of the group have been described as being anti-Zionist .",
"It has threatened to cyber-attack Israel and engaged in the '' #OpIsrael '' cyber-attacks of Israeli websites on Yom HaShoah -LRB- Holocaust Remembrance Day -RRB- in 2013 .",
"",
"",
"Dozens of people have been arrested for involvement in Anonymous cyberattacks , in countries including the U.S. , UK , Australia , the Netherlands , Spain , India and Turkey .",
"Evaluations of the group 's actions and effectiveness vary widely .",
"Supporters have called the group `` freedom fighters '' and digital Robin Hoods while critics have described them as `` a cyber lynch-mob '' or `` cyber terrorists '' .",
"In 2012 , Time called Anonymous one of the `` 100 most influential people '' in the world .",
""
]
|
Lily Collins wrote for a U.S magazine that targets teen girls. | Lily_Collins | SUPPORTS | [
4
]
| [
"She was named International Model of the Year by Spain 's Glamour magazine after being selected by Chanel to wear one of their gowns at the Hotel de Crillon in 2007 ."
]
| [
"Lily Jane Collins -LRB- born 18 March 1989 -RRB- is a British-American actress and model .",
"The daughter of English musician Phil Collins and an American mother , Jill Tavelman , she was born in Surrey and moved to Los Angeles as a child .",
"Her first screen role was at the age of two in the BBC series Growing Pains .",
"She went on to study broadcast journalism at the University of Southern California and as a teenager , wrote for Seventeen magazine , Teen Vogue , and The Los Angeles Times .",
"In 2008 , she was named Newest Red Carpet Correspondent and One to Watch in 2008 .",
"",
"",
"Collins appeared as a guest star on the teen drama television series 90210 in 2009 , followed by her feature film debut in the semi-biographical sports film The Blind Side .",
"She had leading roles in the sci-fi action-horror film Priest -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and the psychological action-thriller film Abduction , and was nominated for the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Sci-Fi/Fantasy for her role as Snow White in the fantasy film Mirror Mirror .",
"She received wider recognition after taking on the role of Clary Fray in the fantasy film adaptation of Cassandra Clare 's The New York Times best-selling novel , The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , for which she was nominated for the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Action and an MTV Movie Award .",
"",
"",
"Collins is also known for her roles in independent films , such as the romantic comedy-drama Stuck in Love -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , the romantic comedy The English Teacher -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and the romantic comedy-drama Love , Rosie -LRB- 2014 -RRB- .",
"She won the New Hollywood Film Award and received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical or Comedy her role as Marla Mabrey in Rules Do n't Apply -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .",
"In 2017 , her debut novel , Unfiltered : No Shame , No Regrets , Just Me , was released to critical praise .",
"In May 2017 , Lily Collins and Marti Noxon were honoured at Project Heal for their movie To the Bone .",
""
]
|
Bangladesh has been affected by poverty. | Bangladesh | SUPPORTS | [
31
]
| [
"The country has also been affected by poverty , natural disasters , hunger , dominant party systems and military coups ."
]
| [
"Bangladesh -LRB- -LSB- bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- ˌbɑːŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- : bn : বাংলাদেশ , বাংলাদেশ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ -RSB- , lit .",
"`` The country of Bengal '' -RRB- , officially the People 's Republic of Bangladesh , is a country in South Asia .",
"It shares land borders with India and Myanmar -LRB- Burma -RRB- .",
"Nepal , Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it .",
"The country 's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area .",
"Bangladesh is the world 's eighth most populous country .",
"Dhaka is its capital and largest city , followed by Chittagong , which has the country 's largest port .",
"",
"",
"Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region .",
"Bangladeshis include people of different ethnic groups and religions .",
"Bengalis , who speak the official Bengali language , make up 98 % of the population .",
"The politically dominant Bengali Muslims make the nation the world 's third largest Muslim-majority country .",
"Most of Bangladesh is covered by the Bengal delta , the largest delta on Earth .",
"The country has 700 rivers and 8,046 km -LRB- 5,000 miles -RRB- of inland waterways .",
"Highlands with evergreen forests are found in the northeastern and southeastern regions of the country .",
"Bangladesh has many islands and a coral reef .",
"It is home to the Sundarbans , the largest mangrove forest in the world .",
"The country 's biodiversity includes a vast array of plant and wildlife , including critically endangered Bengal tigers , the national animal .",
"",
"",
"The Greeks and Romans identified the region as Gangaridai , a powerful kingdom of the historical subcontinent , in the 3rd century BCE .",
"Archaeological research has unearthed several ancient cities in Bangladesh , which had international trade links for millennia .",
"The Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal transformed the region into a cosmopolitan Islamic imperial power between the 14th and 18th centuries .",
"The region was home to many principalities that had inland naval prowess .",
"It was also a notable center of the worldwide muslin and silk trade .",
"As part of British India , the region was influenced by the Bengali renaissance and played an important role in anti-colonial movements .",
"The Partition of British India made East Bengal a part of the Dominion of Pakistan ; and was renamed as East Pakistan .",
"The region witnessed the Bengali Language Movement in 1952 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 .",
"After independence , a parliamentary republic was established .",
"A presidential government was in place between 1975 and 1990 , followed by a return to parliamentary democracy .",
"",
"",
"Bangladesh is a middle power and a major developing nation .",
"Within South Asia , the country ranks first in gender equality , second in foreign exchange earnings and third in life expectancy and peacefulness .",
"Listed as one of the Next Eleven , its economy ranks 46th in terms of nominal gross domestic product -LRB- GDP -RRB- and 29th in terms of purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- .",
"It is one of the largest textile exporters in the world .",
"Its major trading partners are the European Union , the United States , China , India , Japan , Malaysia and Singapore .",
"With its strategically vital location between Southern , Eastern and Southeast Asia , Bangladesh is an important promoter of regional connectivity and cooperation .",
"It is a founding member of SAARC , BIMSTEC , the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation and the Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative .",
"It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Developing 8 Countries , the OIC , the Non Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 and the World Trade Organization .",
"Bangladesh is one of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping forces .",
""
]
|
Lisa Lopes was a founding member of TLC. | Lisa_Lopes | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"She rose to fame in the early 1990s as one-third of the girl group TLC , alongside Tionne `` T-Boz '' Watkins and Rozonda `` Chilli '' Thomas ."
]
| [
"Lisa Nicole Lopes -LRB- May 27 , 1971 -- April 25 , 2002 -RRB- , better known by her stage name Left Eye , was an American hip hop singer , rapper , actress , songwriter and producer .",
"Besides rapping and singing background vocals on TLC recordings , Lopes was one of the creative forces behind the group .",
"She received more cowriting credits than the other members .",
"She also designed the outfits and stage for the group and brought concepts to the group image , album titles , artworks and music videos .",
"Through her work with TLC , Lopes won four Grammy Awards .",
"",
"",
"During her short solo career , Lopes scored two US top-ten singles with `` Not Tonight '' and `` U Know What 's Up '' , as well as one UK number-one single with `` Never Be the Same Again '' .",
"She also produced the girl group Blaque , who scored a platinum album and two US top-ten hits .",
"Lopes remains the only member of TLC to have released a solo album .",
"",
"",
"On April 25 , 2002 , Lopes was killed in a car accident while on a retreat with her sister and others .",
"She swerved off the road to avoid hitting another vehicle and was thrown from her vehicle and died instantly .",
"The last days of her life were made into a documentary called The Last Days of Left Eye , which aired on VH1 in May 2007 .",
""
]
|
Janet Jackson's third album was released in February 1986. | Janet_Jackson | SUPPORTS | [
5
]
| [
"After signing a recording contract with A&M Records in 1982 , she became a pop icon following the release of her third studio album Control -LRB- 1986 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"Janet Damita Jo Jackson -LRB- born May 16 , 1966 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , dancer and actress .",
"Known for sonically innovative , socially conscious , and sexually provocative records , elaborate stage shows , and high-profile television and film roles , she has been a prominent figure in popular culture for over 30 years .",
"",
"",
"The youngest child of the Jackson family , she began her career with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s , including Good Times and Fame .",
"Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis incorporated elements of rhythm and blues , funk , disco , rap , and industrial beats , which led to crossover success in popular music .",
"",
"",
"In 1991 Jackson signed the first of two record-breaking multimillion-dollar contracts with Virgin Records , establishing her as one of the highest paid artists in the industry .",
"Her debut album under the label , Janet -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her work .",
"That same year , she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice ; she has continued to act in feature films .",
"By the end of the 1990s , she was the second most successful recording artist of the decade .",
"The release of her seventh studio album All for You -LRB- 2001 -RRB- coincided with a celebration of her impact on popular music as the inaugural MTV Icon .",
"After parting ways with Virgin she released her tenth studio album , Discipline -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , her first and only album with Island Records .",
"In 2015 she partnered with BMG Rights Management to launch her own record label , Rhythm Nation , and released her eleventh studio album Unbreakable the same year .",
"",
"",
"Having sold over 100 million records , Jackson is one of the best-selling artists in the history of contemporary music .",
"She has amassed an extensive catalog , with singles such as `` Nasty '' , `` Rhythm Nation '' , `` That 's the Way Love Goes '' , `` Together Again '' and `` All for You '' ; she holds the record for the most consecutive top 10 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart by a female artist with 18 .",
"In 2016 , Billboard placed her number seven on its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists , and in 2010 ranked her fifth among the `` Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years '' .",
"In December 2016 , the magazine named her the second most successful dance club artist of all-time .",
"One of the world 's most awarded artists , her longevity , records and achievements reflect her influence in shaping and redefining the scope of popular music .",
"She has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers .",
""
]
|
Transformers: The Last Knight's cast includes Tyrese Gibson. | Transformers-COLON-_The_Last_Knight | SUPPORTS | [
2
]
| [
"The film was directed by Michael Bay , with Mark Wahlberg and Stanley Tucci reprising their roles from Age of Extinction alongside Josh Duhamel , Tyrese Gibson , and John Turturro from the first three movies ."
]
| [
"Transformers : The Last Knight is an upcoming American science fiction action film based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro .",
"It is the fifth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and a direct sequel to 2014 's Transformers : Age of Extinction .",
"Bay has stated this film marks his final picture in the franchise .",
"The film is set to be released on June 21 , 2017 by Paramount Pictures in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D .",
""
]
|
There are two television series Morena Baccarin was part of. | Morena_Baccarin | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"She is known for portraying Inara Serra in the series Firefly and the follow-up film Serenity , Adria in the series Stargate SG-1 and the follow-up film Stargate : The Ark of Truth , Anna in the 2009 version of the series V , Vanessa in the superhero comedy film Deadpool , and Jessica Brody in the Showtime series Homeland -LRB- for which she received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2013 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"Morena Silva de Vaz Setta Baccarin -LRB- -LSB- moˈɾenɐ ˈbakaɾĩ -RSB- ; born June 2 , 1979 -RRB- is a Brazilian American actress .",
"She plays the role of Dr. Leslie Thompkins in the Fox television series Gotham .",
""
]
|
Paul Pogba has won four nonconsecutive Serie A titles. | Paul_Pogba | REFUTES | [
4
]
| [
"After beginning his career with Manchester United in 2011 , Pogba joined Italian side Juventus in 2012 , and helped the club to four consecutive Serie A titles , as well as two Coppa Italia and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ."
]
| [
"Paul Labile Pogba -LRB- born 15 March 1993 -RRB- is a French professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Manchester United and the France national team .",
"He operates primarily as a central midfielder and is comfortable playing both in attack and defence .",
"",
"",
"During his time with the club , he established himself as one of the most promising young players in the world , and received the Golden Boy award in 2013 , followed by the Bravo Award in 2014 and was named by The Guardian as one of the ten most promising young players in Europe .",
"In 2016 , Pogba was named to the 2015 UEFA Team of the Year as well as the 2015 FIFA FIFPro World XI , after helping Juventus to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final .",
"Despite leaving Manchester United on a free transfer , Pogba returned to the club in 2016 for a world record transfer fee of $ 105 million -LRB- # 89.3 million -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"Internationally , at under-20 level , he captained his nation to victory at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup and took home the Best Player award for his performances during the tournament .",
"He made his debut for the senior French national team on 22 March 2013 in a 3 -- 1 win against Georgia , and scored his first World Cup goal on 30 June 2014 against Nigeria ; he was awarded the Best Young Player Award for his performances at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , after reaching the quarter-final .",
"He later represented his nation at UEFA Euro 2016 on home soil , where he scored one goal as his team reached the final .",
""
]
|
WALL-E is a Golden Globe Award winner. | WALL-E | SUPPORTS | [
13
]
| [
"It was an instant blockbuster , grossing $ 533.3 million worldwide over a $ 180 million budget , receiving overwhelming acclaim from critics and winning the 2008 Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film , the 2009 Hugo Award for Best Long Form Dramatic Presentation , the final Nebula Award for Best Script , the Saturn Award for Best Animated Film and the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature with five nominations ."
]
| [
"WALL-E -LRB- stylized with an interpunct as WALL · E -RRB- is a 2008 American computer-animated dystopian science fiction comedy film directed and co-written by Andrew Stanton , produced by Jim Morris , and co-written by Jim Reardon .",
"It stars the voices of Ben Burtt , Elissa Knight , Jeff Garlin , Fred Willard , John Ratzenberger , Kathy Najimy , Sigourney Weaver and the MacInTalk system .",
"It was produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures , and was the overall ninth feature film produced by the company .",
"",
"",
"After directing Finding Nemo , Stanton felt Pixar had created believable simulations of underwater physics and was willing to direct a film set largely in space .",
"WALL-E has minimal dialogue in its early sequences ; many of the characters do not have voices , but instead communicate with body language and robotic sounds designed by Ben Burtt .",
"The film criticizes consumerism , corporatism , nostalgia , waste management , human environmental impact and concerns , obesity , and global catastrophic risk .",
"It is also Pixar 's first animated film with segments featuring live-action characters .",
"Following Pixar tradition , WALL-E was paired with a short film titled Presto for its theatrical release .",
"",
"",
"WALL-E was released in the United States and Canada on June 27 , 2008 , by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures .",
"The film also topped Times `` Best Movies of the Decade '' .",
""
]
|
Generation X has no precise date for its cohort. | Generation_X | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends ; demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years ranging from the early-to-mid 1960s and ending birth years ranging from the late 1970s to early 1980s ."
]
| [
"Generation X , or Gen X , is the demographic cohort following the baby boomers .",
"Generation X is a relatively smaller demographic cohort sandwiched between two larger demographic cohorts , the baby boomers and the millennials .",
"",
"",
"Members of Generation X were children during a time of shifting societal values and as children were sometimes called the `` latchkey generation '' , due to reduced adult supervision compared to previous generations , a result of increasing divorce rates and increased maternal participation in the workforce , prior to widespread availability of childcare options outside of the home .",
"As adolescents and young adults , they were dubbed the `` MTV Generation '' -LRB- a reference to the music video channel of the same name -RRB- and characterized as slackers and as cynical and disaffected .",
"Some of the cultural influences on Gen X youth were the musical genres of grunge and hip hop music , and indie films .",
"In midlife , research describes Gen X adults as active , happy , and as achieving a work -- life balance .",
"The cohort has been credited with entrepreneurial tendencies .",
""
]
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Islam is incapable of being a religion. | Islam | REFUTES | [
2,
3,
10
]
| [
"الإسلام , -LSB- alʔisˈlaːm -RSB- -RRB- is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God -LRB- Allah -RRB- and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God .",
"It is the world 's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world , with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1 % of the global population , known as Muslims .",
"Like other Abrahamic religions , Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous are punished in hell ."
]
| [
"Islam -LRB- -LSB- ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English , differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress , whether the s is -LSB- slinkz -RSB- or -LSB- slinks -RSB- , and whether the a is pronounced -LSB- slinkɑː -RSB- , -LSB- slinkæ -RSB- or -LRB- when the stress is on the first syllable -RRB- -LSB- slinkə -RSB- -LRB- Merriam Webster -RRB- .",
"The most common are -LSB- ˈɪzləm , _ ˈɪsləm , _ ɪzˈlɑːm , _ ɪsˈlɑːm -RSB- -LRB- Oxford English Dictionary , Random House -RRB- and -LSB- ˈɪzlɑːm , _ ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- -LRB- American Heritage Dictionary -RRB- .",
"Islam teaches that God who is merciful , all-powerful , and unique has guided mankind through prophets , revealed scriptures and natural signs .",
"The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran , viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God , and the teachings and normative example -LRB- called the sunnah , composed of accounts called hadith -RRB- of Muhammad -LRB- 570 -- 8 June 632 CE -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam , Abraham , Moses , and Jesus .",
"As for the Quran , Muslims consider it to be the unaltered and final revelation of God .",
"Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam , which are obligatory acts of worship , and following Islamic law , which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society , from banking and welfare to women and the environment .",
"The cities of Mecca , Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam .",
"",
"",
"Islam originated in the early 7th century in Mecca , and by the 8th century the Islamic empire extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east .",
"The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century when much of the historically Islamic world was experiencing a scientific , economic and cultural flourishing .",
"The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires , traders and conversion to Islam by missionary activities .",
"",
"",
"Most Muslims are of one of two denominations : Sunni -LRB- 75 -- 90 % -RRB- or Shia -LRB- 10 -- 20 % -RRB- .",
"About 13 % of Muslims live in Indonesia , the largest Muslim-majority country , 31 % in South Asia , the largest population of Muslims in the world , 23 % in the Middle East-North Africa , where it is the dominant religion , and 15 % in Sub-Saharan Africa .",
"Sizable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas , Caucasus , China , Europe , Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines and Russia .",
"Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world .",
""
]
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Jackie Chan has released an album. | Jackie_Chan | SUPPORTS | [
8
]
| [
"He is an operatically trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star , having released a number of albums and sung many of the theme songs for the films in which he has starred ."
]
| [
"Chan Kong-sang , SBS , MBE , PMW , -LRB- -LSB- ; born 7 April 1954 -RRB- , known professionally as Jackie Chan , is a Hong Kong martial artist , actor , film director , producer , stuntman , and singer .",
"In his movies , he is known for his acrobatic fighting style , comic timing , use of improvised weapons , and innovative stunts , which he typically performs himself .",
"He has trained in Kung Fu and Hapkido .",
"He has been acting since the 1960s and has appeared in over 150 films .",
"",
"",
"Chan has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars , and the Hollywood Walk of Fame .",
"He has been referenced in various pop songs , cartoons , and video games .",
"He is also a notable philanthropist .",
"In 2015 , Forbes magazine estimated his net worth to be $ 350 million .",
""
]
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Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely, and most of those species have not been described. | Earth | SUPPORTS | [
23
]
| [
"Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely ; most species have not been described ."
]
| [
"Earth -LRB- from Eorðe -LSB- Γαῖα , Gaia -RSB- Terra -RRB- , otherwise known as the World or the Globe , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life .",
"It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets .",
"",
"",
"According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence , Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago .",
"Earth 's gravity interacts with other objects in space , especially the Sun and the Moon , Earth 's only natural satellite .",
"During one orbit around the Sun , Earth rotates about its axis over 365 times ; thus , an Earth year is about 365.26 days long .",
"Earth 's axis of rotation is tilted , producing seasonal variations on the planet 's surface .",
"The gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon causes ocean tides , stabilizes the Earth 's orientation on its axis , and gradually slows its rotation .",
"",
"",
"Earth 's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years .",
"About 71 % of Earth 's surface is covered with water , mostly by its oceans .",
"The remaining 29 % is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes , rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere .",
"The majority of Earth 's polar regions are covered in ice , including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack .",
"Earth 's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core , a liquid outer core that generates the Earth 's magnetic field , and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics .",
"",
"",
"Within the first billion years of Earth 's history , life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth 's atmosphere and surface , leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms .",
"Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago .",
"Since then , the combination of Earth 's distance from the Sun , physical properties , and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive .",
"In the history of the Earth , biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion , occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events .",
"Over 99 % of all species that ever lived on Earth are extinct .",
"Over 7.4 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival .",
"Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures ; politically , the world has about 200 sovereign states .",
""
]
|
Canada possesses a constitution. | Canada | SUPPORTS | [
18,
21,
17
]
| [
"In 1931 , Canada achieved near total independence from the United Kingdom with the Statute of Westminster 1931 , but at the time , Canada decided to allow the British Parliament to temporarily retain the power to amend Canada 's constitution , on request from the Parliament of Canada .",
"With the Constitution Act 1982 , Canada took over that authority -LRB- as the conclusion of Patriation -RRB- , removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom , giving the country full sovereignty .",
"Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state ."
]
| [
"Canada -LRB- -LSB- ˈkænədə -RSB- -LSB- kanadɑ -RSB- -RRB- is a country in the northern part of North America .",
"Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 e6km2 , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area .",
"Canada 's border with the United States is the world 's longest binational land border .",
"The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer .",
"Canada is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains .",
"It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , many near the southern border .",
"One third of the population lives in the three largest cities : Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver .",
"Its capital is Ottawa , and other major urban areas include Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton .",
"",
"",
"Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization .",
"Beginning in the 16th century , British and French claims were made on the area , with the colony of Canada first being established by the French in 1535 during Jacques Cartier 's second voyage to New France .",
"As a consequence of various conflicts , Great Britain gained and lost territories within British North America until it was left , in the late 18th century , with what mostly geographically comprises Canada today .",
"Pursuant to the British North America Act , on July 1 , 1867 , the colonies of Canada , New Brunswick , and Nova Scotia joined to form the semi-autonomous federal Dominion of Canada .",
"This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada .",
"",
"",
"",
"",
"The country is officially bilingual at the federal level .",
"It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries .",
"Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world , relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks .",
"Canada 's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture .",
"",
"",
"Canada is a developed country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index .",
"It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency , civil liberties , quality of life , economic freedom , and education .",
"Canada is a Commonwealth realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations , a member of the Francophonie , and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , the G8 , the Group of Ten , the G20 , the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum .",
""
]
|
Sophie Turner acted in The Thirteenth Tale. | Sophie_Turner | SUPPORTS | [
5
]
| [
"Turner has also starred in the television film The Thirteenth Tale -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and she made her feature film debut in Another Me -LRB- 2013 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"Sophie Turner -LRB- born 21 February 1996 -RRB- is an English actress .",
"Turner made her professional acting debut as Sansa Stark on the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones -LRB- 2011 -- present -RRB- , which brought her international recognition and critical praise .",
"For her performance , she has received four nominations for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series , as well as a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Supporting Young Actress in a TV Series .",
"",
"",
"She has also starred in the action comedy Barely Lethal -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and played Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series .",
""
]
|
The Renaissance is known for its cultural developments. | Renaissance | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe , marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age ."
]
| [
"The Renaissance -LRB- -LSB- rᵻˈneɪsəns -RSB- , -LSB- rɛnəˈsɑːns -RSB- -RRB- was a period in European history , from the 14th to the 17th century , regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history .",
"",
"",
"The intellectual basis of the Renaissance was its own invented version of humanism , derived from the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy , such as that of Protagoras , who said that `` Man is the measure of all things . ''\thumanism\tRenaissance humanism\tProtagoras\tProtagoras",
"This new thinking became manifest in art , architecture , politics , science and literature .",
"Early examples were the development of perspective in oil painting and the recycled knowledge of how to make concrete .",
"Although the invention of metal movable type sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century , the changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe .",
"",
"",
"As a cultural movement , the Renaissance encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures , beginning with the 14th-century resurgence of learning based on classical sources , which contemporaries credited to Petrarch ; the development of linear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting ; and gradual but widespread educational reform .",
"In politics , the Renaissance contributed to the development of the customs and conventions of diplomacy , and in science to an increased reliance on observation and inductive reasoning .",
"Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits , as well as social and political upheaval , it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo , who inspired the term `` Renaissance man '' .",
"",
"",
"The Renaissance began in Florence , in the 14th century .",
"Various theories have been proposed to account for its origins and characteristics , focusing on a variety of factors including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time : its political structure ; the patronage of its dominant family , the Medici ; and the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy following the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks .",
"Other major centres were northern Italian city-states such as Venice , Genoa , Milan , Bologna , and finally Rome during the Renaissance Papacy .",
"",
"",
"The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography , and , in line with general scepticism of discrete periodizations , there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-century glorification of the `` Renaissance '' and individual culture heroes as `` Renaissance men '' , questioning the usefulness of Renaissance as a term and as a historical delineation .",
"The art historian Erwin Panofsky observed of this resistance to the concept of `` Renaissance '' :\tart historian\tArt history\tErwin Panofsky\tErwin Panofsky",
"",
"",
"It is perhaps no accident that the factuality of the Italian Renaissance has been most vigorously questioned by those who are not obliged to take a professional interest in the aesthetic aspects of civilization -- historians of economic and social developments , political and religious situations , and , most particularly , natural science -- but only exceptionally by students of literature and hardly ever by historians of Art .",
"",
"",
"Some observers have called into question whether the Renaissance was a cultural `` advance '' from the Middle Ages , instead seeing it as a period of pessimism and nostalgia for classical antiquity , while social and economic historians , especially of the longue durée , have instead focused on the continuity between the two eras , which are linked , as Panofsky observed , `` by a thousand ties '' .",
"",
"",
"The word Renaissance , literally meaning `` Rebirth '' in French , first appeared in English in the 1830s .",
"The word also occurs in Jules Michelet 's 1855 work , Histoire de France .",
"The word Renaissance has also been extended to other historical and cultural movements , such as the Carolingian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the 12th century .",
""
]
|
Pluto is not relatively small. | Pluto | REFUTES | [
13
]
| [
"Like other Kuiper belt objects , Pluto is primarily made of ice and rock and is relatively small -- about one-sixth the mass of the Moon and one-third its volume ."
]
| [
"Pluto -LRB- minor-planet designation : 134340 Pluto -RRB- is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt , a ring of bodies beyond Neptune .",
"It was the first Kuiper belt object to be discovered .",
"",
"",
"Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 and was originally considered to be the ninth planet from the Sun .",
"After 1992 , its planethood was questioned following the discovery of several objects of similar size in the Kuiper belt .",
"In 2005 , Eris , a dwarf planet in the scattered disc which is 27 % more massive than Pluto , was discovered .",
"This led the International Astronomical Union -LRB- IAU -RRB- to define the term `` planet '' formally in 2006 , during their 26th General Assembly .",
"That definition excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet .",
"",
"",
"Pluto is the largest and second-most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object directly orbiting the Sun .",
"It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume but is less massive than Eris .",
"It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU -LRB- 4.4 -- 7.4 billion km -RRB- from the Sun .",
"This means that Pluto periodically comes closer to the Sun than Neptune , but a stable orbital resonance with Neptune prevents them from colliding .",
"Light from the Sun takes about 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its average distance -LRB- 39.5 AU -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"Pluto has five known moons : Charon -LRB- the largest , with a diameter just over half that of Pluto -RRB- , Styx , Nix , Kerberos , and Hydra .",
"Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either body .",
"",
"",
"On July 14 , 2015 , the New Horizons spacecraft became the first spacecraft to fly by Pluto .",
"During its brief flyby , New Horizons made detailed measurements and observations of Pluto and its moons .",
"In September 2016 , astronomers announced that the reddish-brown cap of the north pole of Charon is composed of tholins , organic macromolecules that may be ingredients for the emergence of life , and produced from methane , nitrogen and other gases released from the atmosphere of Pluto and transferred about 19,000 km to the orbiting moon .",
""
]
|
Steve Buscemi has appeared in many films by the Coen Brothers, such as Fargo. | Steve_Buscemi | SUPPORTS | [
2
]
| [
"He is also known for his appearances in many films by the Coen brothers : Miller 's Crossing , Barton Fink , The Hudsucker Proxy , Fargo , and The Big Lebowski ."
]
| [
"Steven Vincent Buscemi -LRB- -LSB- buːˈsɛmi -RSB- born December 13 , 1957 -RRB- is an American actor and film director .",
"Buscemi has starred and supported in successful Hollywood and indie films , including Parting Glances , New York Stories , Mystery Train , Reservoir Dogs , Desperado , Con Air , Armageddon , The Grey Zone , Ghost World , Big Fish , and The Sopranos .",
"Buscemi provides the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters , Inc. franchise .",
"",
"",
"From 2010 to 2014 , he portrayed Enoch `` Nucky '' Thompson in the critically acclaimed series Boardwalk Empire , which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards , a Golden Globe , and two nominations for an Emmy Award .",
"He made his directorial debut in 1996 , with Trees Lounge , in which he also starred .",
"Other works include Animal Factory -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Lonesome Jim -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Interview -LRB- 2007 -RRB- .",
"He has also directed numerous episodes of TV shows , including Homicide : Life on the Street , The Sopranos , Oz , 30 Rock , and Nurse Jackie .",
"He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning AOL On comedy talk-show Park Bench .",
""
]
|
Tyler Joseph is an ex-member of Twenty One Pilots. | Twenty_One_Pilots | REFUTES | [
1
]
| [
"The band was formed in 2009 by lead vocalist Tyler Joseph along with former members Nick Thomas and Chris Salih , who eventually left in 2011 , and currently consists of Joseph and drummer Josh Dun ."
]
| [
"Twenty One Pilots -LRB- stylized as TWENTY ØNE PILØTS -RRB- is an American musical duo originating from Columbus , Ohio .",
"The duo rose to fame in the mid -- 2010s after several years of touring and independent releases .",
"",
"",
"They put out two self-released albums , Twenty One Pilots in 2009 and Regional at Best in 2011 , before being signed by Fueled by Ramen in 2012 .",
"Their label debut , Vessel , was released in 2013 .",
"The duo achieved breakthrough success with their fourth album , Blurryface -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , which produced the successful singles `` Stressed Out '' and `` Ride '' .",
"In addition , the single `` Heathens '' , recorded for the soundtrack of the film Suicide Squad , made the group the first alternative artist to have two concurrent top ten singles in the U.S. .",
"The duo has won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance .",
""
]
|
Selena Gomez has more followers than anyone else in the world. | Selena_Gomez | SUPPORTS | [
20
]
| [
"As of November 2016 , Gomez is the most-followed Instagram user in the world ."
]
| [
"Selena Marie Gomez -LRB- -LSB- səˈliːnə_məˈɹiː_ˈɡoʊmɛz -RSB- ; -LSB- seˈlena ˈɣomes -RSB- ; born July 22 , 1992 -RRB- is an American actress and singer .",
"Having appeared in the children 's television series Barney & Friends while growing up , she rose to fame playing the role of Alex Russo on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place -LRB- 2007 -- 2012 -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"In 2008 , she signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records and formed her band Selena Gomez & the Scene .",
"The band released three studio albums and produced four top 30 singles by 2011 .",
"Gomez also formed her own production company in 2008 , July Moon Productions ; she serves as an executive producer on the Netflix original series 13 Reasons Why , which released in March 2017 .",
"",
"",
"Between 2009 and 2011 , Gomez starred in films such as Princess Protection Program , Ramona and Beezus , and Monte Carlo , and took on a more mature role in Spring Breakers -LRB- 2013 -RRB- .",
"Gomez also took her singing career in a different direction , with the release of her first solo album Stars Dance -LRB- 2013 -RRB- ; the album debuted atop the Billboard 200 in the United States and included the top ten single `` Come & Get It . ''\tStars Dance\tStars Dance\tCome & Get It\tCome & Get It (Selena Gomez song)\tBillboard\tBillboard (magazine)",
"Gomez released a compilation album in 2014 as her fifth and final release through Hollywood Records , which was preceded by her second top ten single `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' , and signed a new recording contract with Interscope Records .",
"",
"",
"In 2015 , she released her second solo album , Revival , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , while the first three singles , `` Good for You , '' `` Same Old Love , '' and `` Hands to Myself , '' all topped the Mainstream Top 40 chart in the United States .",
"Gomez has also starred in the films The Fundamentals of Caring -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , In Dubious Battle -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , and in the Hotel Transylvania films .",
"",
"",
"Since the start of her singing career , she has gone on to sell over 7 million albums and 22 million singles worldwide , according to Billboard .",
"Gomez has earned a number of awards and nominations for her work as an actress and singer , and has won a Billboard Women in Music award , an MTV Video Music Award , an American Music Award , and fifteen Teen Choice Awards .",
""
]
|
Tate Ellington appeared in Quantico. | Tate_Ellington | SUPPORTS | [
4
]
| [
"He is best known for his role as FBI recruit Simon Asher on the ABC thriller Quantico ."
]
| [
"James Tate Ellington -LRB- born 1979 -RRB- is an American actor .",
"He portrayed Aidan Hall , the best friend of Tyler Hawkins -LRB- Robert Pattinson -RRB- in the 2010 romantic drama film Remember Me .",
"Ellington starred as Oliver Hunt in The Elephant King -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and has appeared in television shows such as The Unusuals , Rescue Me , The Good Wife , and Do n't Trust the B -- in Apartment 23 .",
"He appeared in the 2009 Broadway production of The Philanthropist , which starred Matthew Broderick .",
""
]
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Dolly Parton isn't an actress. | Dolly_Parton | REFUTES | [
17
]
| [
"As an actress , she starred in films such as 9 to 5 , The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas , Rhinestone , and Steel Magnolias ."
]
| [
"Dolly Rebecca Parton Dean -LRB- born January 19 , 1946 -RRB- , professionally known as Dolly Parton , is an American singer , songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , record producer , actress , author , businesswoman , and philanthropist , known primarily for her work in country music .",
"After achieving success as a songwriter for others , Dolly Parton made her album debut in 1967 , with her album Hello , I 'm Dolly .",
"With steady success during the remainder of the 1960s -LRB- both as a solo artist and with a series of duet albums with Porter Wagoner -RRB- , her sales and chart peak came during the 1970s and continuing into the 1980s ; Parton 's subsequent albums in the later part of the 1990s were lower in sales .",
"However , in the new millennium , Parton achieved commercial success again and has released albums on independent labels since 2000 , including albums on her own label , Dolly Records .",
"",
"",
"Parton is the most honored female country performer of all time .",
"Achieving 25 Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- certified Gold , Platinum , and Multi-Platinum awards , she has had 25 songs reach No. 1 on the Billboard country music charts , a record for a female artist -LRB- tied with Reba McEntire -RRB- .",
"She has 41 career top 10 country albums , a record for any artist , and she has 110 career charted singles over the past 40 years .",
"All-inclusive sales of singles , albums , hits collections , and digital downloads during her career have topped 100 million worldwide .",
"She has garnered nine Grammy Awards , two Academy Award nominations , ten Country Music Association Awards , seven Academy of Country Music Awards , three American Music Awards , and is one of only seven female artists to win the Country Music Association 's Entertainer of the Year Award .",
"Parton has received 47 Grammy nominations .",
"",
"",
"In 1999 , Parton was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame .",
"She has composed over 3,000 songs , notably `` I Will Always Love You '' -LRB- a two-time U.S. country chart-topper for Parton , as well as an international pop hit for Whitney Houston -RRB- , `` Jolene '' , `` Coat of Many Colors '' , and `` 9 to 5 '' .",
"She is also one of the few to have received at least one nomination from the Academy Awards , Grammy Awards , Tony Awards , and Emmy Awards .",
""
]
|
The 19th G7 summit only included Russia. | 19th_G7_summit | REFUTES | [
4
]
| [
"The Group of Seven -LRB- G7 -RRB- was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries : France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , the United States , Canada -LRB- since 1976 -RRB- and the President of the European Commission -LRB- starting officially in 1981 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"The 19th G7 Summit was held in Tokyo , Japan , on July 7 -- 9 , 1993 .",
"The venue for the summit meetings was the State Guesthouse in Tokyo , Japan .",
"",
"",
"The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions ; and in fact , a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France 's President Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany 's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six -LRB- G6 -RRB- summit in 1975 .",
""
]
|
Ethiopia has bodies of water can be described as rivers. | Ethiopia | SUPPORTS | [
29
]
| [
"It is a land of natural contrasts , with its vast fertile West , jungles , and numerous rivers , and the world 's hottest settlement of Dallol in its north ."
]
| [
"Ethiopia -LRB- -LSB- ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə -RSB- ኢትዮጵያ , , -RRB- , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia -LRB- የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ , yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk -RRB- , is a country located in the Horn of Africa .",
"It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast , Djibouti and Somalia to the east , Sudan and South Sudan to the west , and Kenya to the south .",
"With over 100 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world , as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria .",
"It occupies a total area of 1,100,000 km2 , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa .",
"",
"",
"Some of the oldest evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia .",
"It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond .",
"According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era .",
"Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC , Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history .",
"During the first centuries AD , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 .",
"Ethiopia derived prestige with its uniquely successful military resistance during the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , becoming the only African country to defeat a European colonial power and retain its sovereignty .",
"Subsequently , many African nations adopted the colors of Ethiopia 's flag following their independence .",
"It was the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations and the United Nations .",
"In 1974 , at the end of Haile Selassie 's reign , power fell to a communist military dictatorship known as the Derg , backed by the Soviet Union , until it was defeated by the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front , which has ruled since about the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 .",
"",
"",
"Ethiopia 's ancient Ge'ez script , also known as Ethiopic , is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world .",
"The Ethiopian calendar , which is approximately seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar , co-exists alongside the Borana calendar .",
"A majority of the population adheres to Christianity -LRB- mainly the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and P'ent ` ay -RRB- , while around a third follows Islam -LRB- primarily Sunni Islam -RRB- .",
"The country is the site of the Migration to Abyssinia and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash .",
"A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews , known as Bete Israel , resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s , but most of them have since emigrated to Israel .",
"Ethiopia is a multilingual nation with around 80 ethnolinguistic groups , the four largest of which are the Oromiffa , Amhara , Somali , and Tigrayans .",
"Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches .",
"Additionally , Omotic languages are spoken by ethnic minority groups inhabiting the southern regions .",
"Nilo-Saharan languages are also spoken by the nation 's Nilotic ethnic minorities .",
"",
"",
"Ethiopia is the place of origin for the coffee bean which originated from the place called Kefa -LRB- which was one of the 14 provinces in the old Ethiopian administration -RRB- .",
"The Ethiopian Highlands are Africa 's largest continuous mountain ranges , and Sof Omar Caves contain Africa 's largest cave .",
"Ethiopia has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa .",
"",
"",
"Ethiopia is one of the founding members of the UN , the Group of 24 -LRB- G-24 -RRB- , the Non-Aligned Movement , G-77 and the Organisation of African Unity .",
"Ethiopia 's capital city Addis Ababa serves as the headquarters of the African Union , the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry , the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa , African Aviation Training HQ , the African Standby Force , and many of the global NGOs focused on Africa .",
"In the 1970s and 1980s , Ethiopia suffered from civil wars and communist purges which devastated its economy .",
"The country has begun to recover recently however , and now has the largest economy -LRB- by GDP -RRB- in East Africa and Central Africa .",
"According to Global Fire Power , Ethiopia has the 42nd most powerful military in the world , and the third most powerful in Africa .",
""
]
|
Ted Kaczynski grew up in Texas. | Ted_Kaczynski | REFUTES | [
5,
6
]
| [
"Kaczynski was born and raised in Evergreen Park , Illinois .",
"While growing up in Evergreen Park he was a child prodigy , excelling academically from an early age ."
]
| [
"Theodore John Kaczynski -LRB- -LSB- kəˈzɪnski -RSB- born May 22 , 1942 -RRB- , also known as the `` Unabomber '' , is an American serial killer , domestic terrorist , and self-professed anarchist .",
"A mathematical prodigy , he abandoned a promising academic career in 1969 , then between 1978 and 1995 killed three people , and injured 23 others , in a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology .",
"In conjunction with this campaign he issued a wide-ranging social critique opposing industrialization and modern technology , and advancing a nature-centered form of anarchism .",
"",
"",
"Kaczynski was accepted into Harvard University at the age of 16 , where he earned an undergraduate degree .",
"He subsequently earned a PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan .",
"He became an assistant professor at the University of California , Berkeley in 1967 at age 25 .",
"He resigned two years later .",
"",
"",
"As a Harvard undergraduate , Kaczynski was among twenty-two students who were research subjects in ethically questionable experiments conducted by psychology professor Henry Murray from late 1959 to early 1962 .",
"",
"",
"In 1971 , he moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water in Lincoln , Montana , where he lived as a recluse while learning survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient .",
"Seventeen years after beginning his mail bomb campaign , Kaczynski sent a letter to The New York Times on April 24 , 1995 and promised `` to desist from terrorism '' if the Times or The Washington Post published his manifesto , Industrial Society and Its Future -LRB- the `` Unabomber Manifesto '' -RRB- , in which he argued that his bombings were extreme but necessary to attract attention to the erosion of human freedom necessitated by modern technologies requiring large-scale organization .",
"",
"",
"The Unabomber was the target of one of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's costliest investigations .",
"Before Kaczynski 's identity was known , the FBI used the title `` UNABOM '' -LRB- UNiversity & Airline BOMber -RRB- to refer to his case , which resulted in the media calling him the Unabomber .",
"The FBI -LRB- as well as Attorney General Janet Reno -RRB- pushed for the publication of Kaczynski 's `` Manifesto '' , which led to his sister-in-law , and then his brother , recognizing Kaczynski 's style of writing and beliefs from the manifesto , and tipping off the FBI .",
"Kaczynski tried unsuccessfully to dismiss his court-appointed lawyers because they wanted to plead insanity in order to avoid the death penalty , as Kaczynski did not believe he was insane .",
"When it became clear that his pending trial would entail national television exposure for Kaczynski , the court entered a plea agreement , under which he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life in prison with no possibility of parole .",
"He has been designated a `` domestic terrorist '' by the FBI .",
"Some anarcho-primitivist authors , such as John Zerzan and John Moore , have come to his defense , while also holding some reservations about his actions and ideas .",
""
]
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Keith Urban has put out no fewer than nine studio records. | Keith_Urban | SUPPORTS | [
18
]
| [
"Urban has released a total of nine studio albums -LRB- one of which was released only in the United Kingdom -RRB- , as well as one album with The Ranch ."
]
| [
"Keith Lionel Urban -LRB- born 26 October 1967 -RRB- is a New Zealand-born Australian country musician .",
"In 1991 , he released a self-titled debut album and charted four singles in Australia before moving to the United States the following year .",
"He found work as a session guitarist before starting a band known as The Ranch , which recorded one studio album on Capitol Nashville and charted two singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart .",
"",
"",
"Still signed to Capitol , Urban made his solo American debut in 1999 with a second eponymous album .",
"Certified platinum in the US , it produced his first number one on Hot Country Songs with `` But for the Grace of God '' .",
"`` Somebody Like You '' , the first single from his second Capitol album , Golden Road -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , was named by Billboard as the biggest country hit of the 2000s decade .",
"The album 's fourth single , `` You 'll Think of Me '' , earned him his first Grammy .",
"2004 's Be Here , his third American album , produced three more number 1 singles and became his highest-selling album , earning 4 × Platinum certification .",
"Love , Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing was released in 2006 , containing `` Once in a Lifetime '' as well as his second Grammy song , `` Stupid Boy '' .",
"A greatest hits package entitled Greatest Hits : 18 Kids followed in late 2007 .",
"Defying Gravity and Get Closer were released on 31 March 2009 and 16 November 2010 , respectively .",
"In September 2013 , he released a brand new album titled Fuse , which produced four more number ones on the Country Airplay chart , two of which are duets -- one with Miranda Lambert and the other with Eric Church .",
"A new single , entitled `` John Cougar , John Deere , John 3:16 '' , was released in June 2015 as the lead-off single to his eighth American studio album Ripcord .",
"The album later produced the Country Airplay number one hits '' Break on Me '' , `` Wasted Time '' and `` Blue Ai n't Your Color '' , with the latter also becoming Urban 's longest reigning number one on the Hot Country Songs chart spending twelve weeks at number one .",
"",
"",
"He has charted 37 singles on the US Hot Country Songs , 18 of which went to number one , counting a duet with Brad Paisley and the 2008 single `` You Look Good in My Shirt '' , which he previously recorded on Golden Road .",
"Those also include his third Grammy Award-winning single `` Sweet Thing '' from his album Defying Gravity .",
"",
"",
"Urban is also known for his roles as a coach on the Australian version of the singing competition The Voice and as a judge on American Idol .",
"Since 2006 , he has been married to actress Nicole Kidman .",
"In October 2013 , Urban introduced his own signature line of guitars and accessories .",
""
]
|
Eminem has an album. | Eminem | SUPPORTS | [
2,
3,
4,
8,
9,
12,
13,
11,
10
]
| [
"Throughout his career , he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 .",
"With US sales of 45.1 million albums and 42 million tracks as of June 2014 , Eminem is the second best-selling male artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era , the sixth best-selling artist in the United States and the best-selling hip-hop artist .",
"Globally , he has sold more than 172 million albums , thus being one of the world 's best-selling artists .",
"After his debut album Infinite -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and the Slim Shady EP -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Eminem signed with Dr. Dre 's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP , which earned him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album .",
"His next two releases , 2000 's The Marshall Mathers LP and 2002 's The Eminem Show , were worldwide successes , with each being certified diamond in U.S. sales , and both winning Best Rap Album Grammy Awards -- making Eminem the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs .",
"They were followed by Encore in 2004 , another critical and commercial success .",
"Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005 , releasing Relapse in 2009 and Recovery in 2010 .",
"Both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide , the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year -LRB- after The Eminem Show -RRB- .",
"Eminem 's eighth album , 2013 's The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , won two Grammy Awards , including Best Rap Album ; it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15 ."
]
| [
"Marshall Bruce Mathers III -LRB- born October 17 , 1972 -RRB- , known professionally as Eminem -LRB- often stylized as EMINƎM -RRB- , is an American rapper , record producer , and actor .",
"Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States .",
"Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time , calling him the King of Hip Hop .",
"",
"",
"",
"",
"In addition to his solo career , Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent and D12 .",
"He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' ; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil .",
"Eminem has developed other ventures , including Shady Records , with manager Paul Rosenberg , which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent .",
"Eminem has also established his own channel , Shade 45 , on Sirius XM Radio .",
"In November 2002 , he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song , for `` Lose Yourself '' , becoming the first rap artist to win the award .",
"Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Funny People -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , The Interview -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and the television series Entourage -LRB- 2010 -RRB- .",
""
]
|
The Connaught Tunnel was lined only with mud and sand. | Connaught_Tunnel | REFUTES | [
24,
2
]
| [
"The Connaught Tunnel is a railway tunnel under the Selkirk Mountains in southeastern British Columbia , Canada , near the city of Revelstoke .",
"The tunnel was later lined with reinforced concrete and equipped with a better ventilation system ."
]
| [
"For the Connaught tunnel in East London , England , see Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway\tEastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway\tEastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway\ttunnel\ttunnel\tConnaught\tConnacht",
"",
"The 5.022 mi tunnel carries the Canadian Pacific Railway main line under Mount Macdonald and replaced the railway 's previous routing over Rogers Pass , which had been struck by several deadly avalanches since its completion in 1885 .",
"At the time it was built , the Connaught Tunnel was the longest railway tunnel in North America .",
"It was named for the Governor General of Canada -- the Prince Arthur , Duke of Connaught -- who in turn was named after the province of Connaught in Ireland .",
"",
"",
"Announced in February 1913 , the contract was awarded on July 1 , 1913 , to Foley Bros. .",
"Welch and Stewart .",
"The tunnel was designed by John G. Sullivan who joined the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1900 and eventually became Chief Engineer for Canada .",
"A small tunnel was built , from which cross cuts were made to the main tunnel so work could carry on at a number of headings .",
"The sub-contractor guaranteed to drill 900 ft of tunnel per month and started on April 2 , 1914 .",
"Compressed air equipment and narrow gauge locomotives were used inside the tunnel .",
"The company town housed some 300 workers .",
"The tunnel was completed before the original deadline , with operation beginning December 16 , 1916 .",
"It had a grade of only 0.95 per cent westward , and was tangent ; light at one end can be seen at the other , more than five miles away .",
"",
"",
"It cost $ 5.5 million , while a further $ 3 million were spent on track revision , which saw 14.5 mi abandoned including the Loops and over 4 mi of snow sheds .",
"In all , the route was shortened by 4.3 mi .",
"",
"",
"Problems were encountered with ventilation , loose rocks and wet rails , which caused trains to stall .",
"Originally double tracked , it was realigned with a single track in 1959 to accommodate higher freight cars .",
"",
"",
"In the late 1980s , the Mount Macdonald Tunnel was built to supplement the Connaught Tunnel and to lessen the grade on the eastern approach to the pass .",
"Trains now predominantly travel east through the Connaught Tunnel and west through the Mount Macdonald Tunnel .",
"",
"",
"In 2001 , the Connaught Tunnel was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame .",
"The Hall of Fame recognizes and establishes an enduring tribute to the people and things that have made significant contribution relating to railway industry in North America .",
"The Connaught Tunnel was inducted in the `` Facilities and Structures '' category with `` National '' significance .",
""
]
|
Jennifer Aniston is not a businesswoman. | Jennifer_Aniston | REFUTES | [
10
]
| [
"In 2008 , she co-founded the production company Echo Films ."
]
| [
"Jennifer Joanna Aniston -LRB- born February 11 , 1969 -RRB- is an American actress , producer , and businesswoman .",
"She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow .",
"Aniston gained worldwide recognition for portraying Rachel Green on the popular television sitcom Friends -LRB- 1994 -- 2004 -RRB- , a role which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award .",
"The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in United States television .",
"",
"",
"Aniston has played the female protagonist in a number of comedies and romantic comedies .",
"Her box office hits include Bruce Almighty -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , The Break-Up -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Marley & Me -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Just Go with It -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Horrible Bosses -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , and We 're the Millers -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , each of which have grossed over 200 million in worldwide receipts .",
"Her most critically acclaimed roles included the role of Olivia in Friends with Money -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , The Good Girl -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , for which she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead , and the drama Cake -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , for which she received nominations for the Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress .",
"Her other films include Along Came Polly -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and He 's Just Not That Into You -LRB- 2009 -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"In 2012 , Aniston received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .",
"She is one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood , and as of 2014 , her net worth is estimated to be 150 million .",
"She has also been included in magazines ' lists of the world 's most beautiful women .",
"People magazine named Aniston `` The Most Beautiful Woman '' in 2004 and 2016 , and Men 's Health magazine voted her the `` Sexiest Woman of All Time '' in 2011 .",
"Divorced from actor Brad Pitt , to whom she was married for five years , she has been married to actor Justin Theroux since 2015 .",
""
]
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Ilkhanate only contained Haiti. | Ilkhanate | REFUTES | [
4,
1
]
| [
"It was founded in the 13th century and was based primarily in Iran as well as neighboring territories , such as present-day Azerbaijan and the central and eastern parts of present-day Turkey .",
"At its greatest extent , the state expanded into territories that today comprise most of Iran , Iraq , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Georgia , Turkmenistan , Turkey , western Afghanistan , and southwestern Pakistan ."
]
| [
"The Ilkhanate , also spelled Il-khanate -LRB- ایلخانان , Ilkhānān ; Хүлэгийн улс , Hulagu-yn Ulus -RRB- , was established as a khanate that formed the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire , ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu .",
"The Ilkhanate was originally based on the campaigns of Genghis Khan in the Khwarazmian Empire in 1219 -- 24 and was founded by Hulagu Khan , a grandson of Genghis Khan .",
"With the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire after 1259 it became a functionally separate khanate .",
"Later Ilkhanate rulers , beginning with Ghazan in 1295 , would convert to Islam .",
""
]
|
True Blood is a science-fiction television series. | True_Blood | REFUTES | [
2
]
| [
"television series produced and created by Alan Ball and based on The Southern Vampire Mysteries series of novels by Charlaine Harris ."
]
| [
"True Blood is an American dark fantasy horror\tdark fantasy\tdark fantasy\thorror\thorror and terror",
"",
"",
"",
"The series revolves around Sookie Stackhouse -LRB- Anna Paquin -RRB- , a telepathic waitress living in the rural town of Bon Temps , Louisiana , two years after the invention of a synthetic blood that has allowed vampires to `` come out of the coffin '' and allow their presence to be known to mankind .",
"Now they are struggling for equal rights and assimilation , while anti-vampire organizations begin to gain power .",
"Sookie 's world is turned upside down when she falls in love with 173-year-old vampire Bill Compton -LRB- Stephen Moyer -RRB- and for the first time must navigate the trials , tribulations and terrors of intimacy and relationships .",
"",
"",
"The show was broadcast on the premium cable network HBO , in the United States , and was produced by HBO in association with Ball 's production company , Your Face Goes Here Entertainment .",
"The series premiered on September 7 , 2008 and concluded on August 24 , 2014 , comprising seven seasons and 80 episodes .",
"The first five seasons received highly positive reviews , and both nominations and wins for several awards , including a Golden Globe and an Emmy .",
""
]
|
Adam Driver has had supporting roles. | Adam_Driver | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"He rose to prominence in the supporting role of Adam Sackler in the HBO comedy-drama series Girls -LRB- 2012 -- 2017 -RRB- , for which he received three consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series ."
]
| [
"Adam Douglas Driver -LRB- born November 19 , 1983 -RRB- is an American actor .",
"He made his Broadway debut in Mrs. Warren 's Profession -LRB- 2010 -RRB- .",
"In 2011 , he returned to Broadway in Man and Boy and made his feature film debut in J. Edgar .",
"",
"",
"Driver has appeared in supporting roles in a wide range of films , including Lincoln -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Frances Ha -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Inside Llewyn Davis -LRB- 2013 -RRB- .",
"He starred in While We 're Young -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and won the Volpi Cup for his role in Hungry Hearts -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , as well as several best actor awards for his performance in Jim Jarmusch 's Paterson -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"Driver gained worldwide attention and acclaim for playing the villain Kylo Ren in Star Wars : The Force Awakens -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , a role which he is set to reprise in the future Star Wars films .",
"",
"",
"He is also the founder of Arts in the Armed Forces -LRB- AITAF -RRB- , a nonprofit that performs theater for all branches of the military , both in the US and abroad .",
""
]
|
Thor: The Dark World is a movie. | Thor-COLON-_The_Dark_World | SUPPORTS | [
1,
2,
9,
17,
15,
16,
11,
18
]
| [
"It is the sequel to 2011 's Thor and the eighth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe .",
"The film was directed by Alan Taylor , with a screenplay by Christopher Yost and Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely .",
"Brian Kirk and Patty Jenkins were considered to direct the film before Taylor was hired in January 2012 .",
"Principal photography began in September 2012 in Surrey , England with filming continuing in Iceland and London , before wrapping up in December 2012 .",
"Thor : The Dark World premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on October 22 , 2013 .",
"It was released internationally on October 30 , 2013 , and on November 8 , 2013 , in the United States .",
"The film received mixed reviews , but was a commercial success , grossing over $ 644 million worldwide .",
"A third film , Thor : Ragnarok , is set for release on November 3 , 2017 ."
]
| [
"Thor : The Dark World is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Thor , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures .",
"It stars Chris Hemsworth , Natalie Portman , Tom Hiddleston , Anthony Hopkins , Stellan Skarsgård , Idris Elba , Christopher Eccleston , Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje , Kat Dennings , Ray Stevenson , Zachary Levi , Tadanobu Asano , Jaimie Alexander , and Rene Russo .",
"In Thor : The Dark World , Thor teams up with Loki to save the Nine Realms from the Dark Elves led by the vengeful Malekith , who intends to plunge the universe into darkness .",
"",
"",
"Development of Thor : The Dark World began in April 2011 , when producer Kevin Feige announced plans for a sequel to follow the crossover film The Avengers .",
"In July 2011 , Kenneth Branagh , the director of Thor , withdrew from the project .",
"The supporting cast filled out in August 2012 , with the hiring of Eccleston , Dennings , and Akinnuoye-Agbaje .",
"Thor : The Dark World was converted to 3D in post-production .",
"",
"",
""
]
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Loki is the male sibling of Helblindi and Byleistr. | Loki | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"Loki is the son of Fárbauti and Laufey , and the brother of Helblindi and Býleistr ."
]
| [
"In Norse mythology , Loki -LRB- Anglicized -LRB- -LSB- ˈloʊki -RSB- -RRB- -RRB- , Loptr , or Hveðrungr is a god or jötunn -LRB- or both -RRB- .",
"By the jötunn Angrboða , Loki is the father of Hel , the wolf Fenrir , and the world serpent Jörmungandr .",
"By his wife Sigyn , Loki is the father of Narfi and/or Nari .",
"By the stallion Svaðilfari , Loki is the mother -- giving birth in the form of a mare -- to the eight-legged horse Sleipnir .",
"In addition , Loki is referred to as the father of Váli in Prose Edda , though this source also refers to Odin as the father of Váli twice , and Váli is found mentioned as a Son of Loki only once .",
"",
"",
"Loki 's relation with the gods varies by source ; Loki sometimes assists the gods and sometimes behaves in a malicious manner towards them .",
"Loki is a shape shifter and in separate incidents he appears in the form of a salmon , a mare , a fly , and possibly an elderly woman named Þökk -LRB- Old Norse ` thanks ' -RRB- .",
"Loki 's positive relations with the gods end with his role in engineering the death of the god Baldr and Loki is eventually bound by Váli with the entrails of one of his sons .",
"In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , the goddess Skaði is responsible for placing a serpent above him while he is bound .",
"The serpent drips venom from above him that Sigyn collects into a bowl ; however , she must empty the bowl when it is full , and the venom that drips in the meantime causes Loki to writhe in pain , thereby causing earthquakes .",
"With the onset of Ragnarök , Loki is foretold to slip free from his bonds and to fight against the gods among the forces of the jötnar , at which time he will encounter the god Heimdallr and the two will slay each other .",
"",
"",
"Loki is referred to in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; the Norwegian Rune Poems , in the poetry of skalds , and in Scandinavian folklore .",
"Loki may be depicted on the Snaptun Stone , the Kirkby Stephen Stone , and the Gosforth Cross .",
"Loki 's origins and role in Norse mythology , which some scholars have described as that of a trickster god , have been much debated by scholars .",
"Loki has been depicted in or is referenced in a variety of media in modern popular culture .",
""
]
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Vincent van Gogh is from Amsterdam. | Amsterdam | SUPPORTS | [
23
]
| [
"Famous Amsterdam residents include the diarist Anne Frank , artists Rembrandt van Rijn and Vincent van Gogh , and philosopher Baruch Spinoza ."
]
| [
"Amsterdam -LRB- -LSB- ˈæmstərdæm , _ ˌæmstərˈdæm -RSB- -LSB- ɑmstərˈdɑm -RSB- -RRB- is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands .",
"Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands , although it is not the seat of the government , which is The Hague .",
"Amsterdam has a population of 851,373 within the city proper , 1,351,587 in the urban area , and 2,410,960 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area .",
"The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country .",
"The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad , one of the larger conurbations in Europe , with a population of approximately 7 million .",
"",
"",
"Amsterdam 's name derives from Amstelredamme , indicative of the city 's origin around a dam in the river Amstel .",
"Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century , Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age -LRB- 17th century -RRB- , a result of its innovative developments in trade .",
"During that time , the city was the leading centre for finance and diamonds .",
"In the 19th and 20th centuries the city expanded , and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were planned and built .",
"The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19 -- 20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List .",
"Since the annexation of municipality Sloten in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam , the oldest historic part of the city lies in Sloten -LRB- 9th century -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe , Amsterdam is considered an alpha world city by the Globalization and World Cities -LRB- GaWC -RRB- study group .",
"The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands .",
"Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there , and seven of the world 's 500 largest companies , including Philips and ING , are based in the city .",
"In 2012 , Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit -LRB- EIU -RRB- and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer .",
"The city was ranked 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009 .",
"The Amsterdam seaport to this day remains the second in the country , and the fifth largest seaport in Europe .",
"",
"",
"",
"",
"The Amsterdam Stock Exchange , the oldest stock exchange in the world , is located in the city center .",
"Amsterdam 's main attractions , including its historic canals , the Rijksmuseum , the Van Gogh Museum , Stedelijk Museum , Hermitage Amsterdam , Anne Frank House , Amsterdam Museum , its red-light district , and its many cannabis coffee shops draw more than 5 million international visitors annually .",
""
]
|
Chester Bennington is a person. | Chester_Bennington | SUPPORTS | [
2,
3,
4,
10,
12,
13,
1,
7,
11,
8,
9
]
| [
"He is best known as the lead vocalist of rock bands Linkin Park , Dead by Sunrise , and live rock cover band Bucket of Weenies .",
"He was originally the lead vocalist for Sean Dowdell And His Friends ?",
"and Grey Daze .",
"Bennington was the lead vocalist for Stone Temple Pilots from 2013 to 2015 .",
"Bennington became known as a vocalist with Linkin Park 's debut album , Hybrid Theory , in 2000 , which was a massive commercial success .",
"The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 , making it the best-selling debut album of the decade , as well as one of the few albums to ever hit that many sales .",
"Linkin Park 's following studio albums , Meteora -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Minutes to Midnight -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , A Thousand Suns -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Living Things -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and The Hunting Party -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , continued the band 's success .",
"Bennington formed his own band , Dead by Sunrise , as a side project in 2005 .",
"The band 's debut album , Out of Ashes , was released on October 13 , 2009 .",
"He worked on new material with Stone Temple Pilots in 2013 to release the EP High Rise on October 8 , 2013 via their own record label , Play Pen .",
"Bennington has been ranked in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader -LRB- No. 46 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"Chester Charles Bennington -LRB- born March 20 , 1976 -RRB- is an American musician , singer , songwriter and actor .",
"",
"",
""
]
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Cristiano Ronaldo was a professional athlete. | Cristiano_Ronaldo | SUPPORTS | [
4
]
| [
"In 2016 , he received his fourth Ballon d'Or , the most for a European player in the history of the award , and the inaugural Best FIFA Men 's Player ."
]
| [
"Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro , -LRB- -LSB- kɾiʃ ` tjɐnu ʁuˈnaɫdu -RSB- , born 5 February 1985 -RRB- is a Portuguese professional footballer for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team .",
"He primarily plays as a forward , but has also been deployed as a winger and serves as captain for Portugal .",
"In 2008 , he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards .",
"Ronaldo then won the FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2013 and 2014 .",
"In 2015 , Ronaldo scored his 500th senior career goal for club and country .",
"Two years later , he surpassed Jimmy Greaves as the all-time top-scorer in the top five European leagues .",
"",
"",
"Often ranked the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest of all time , Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation , during its 100th anniversary celebrations in 2015 .",
"He was the first player to win four European Golden Shoe awards .",
"One of the most marketable athletes in sport , in 2016 Forbes named Ronaldo the world 's best paid athlete .",
"ESPN ranked him the world 's most famous athlete in 2016 and 2017 .",
"",
"",
"Ronaldo began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP , before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003 .",
"After winning his first trophy , the FA Cup , during his first season in England , he helped United win three successive Premier League titles , a UEFA Champions League title , and a FIFA Club World Cup .",
"By age 23 , he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations .",
"He was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in 2009 in a transfer worth $ 94 million -LRB- $ 132 million -RRB- .",
"In Spain , he has won two La Liga titles , two Copas del Rey , two Champions League titles , and two Club World Cups .",
"Ronaldo holds the record for most goals scored in a single UEFA Champions League season , having scored 17 goals in the 2013 -- 14 season .",
"In 2014 , Ronaldo became the fastest player to score 200 goals in La Liga , which he achieved in his 178th La Liga game .",
"He is the only player in the history of football to score more than 50 goals in a season on six consecutive occasions .",
"In 2015 , Ronaldo became the all-time top goalscorer in the UEFA Champions League , and he also became Real Madrid 's all-time leading goalscorer .",
"In 2017 , he became the first player to reach 100 goals in European club competitions , as well as in the UEFA Champions League .",
"He is the second highest goalscorer in La Liga history behind Lionel Messi , his perceived career rival .",
"",
"",
"Ronaldo made his international debut for Portugal in August 2003 , at the age of 18 .",
"He is Portugal 's most capped player of all time with over 130 caps , and has participated in seven major tournaments : four UEFA European Championships -LRB- 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 -RRB- and three FIFA World Cups -LRB- 2006 , 2010 and 2014 -RRB- .",
"He is the first Portuguese player to reach 50 international goals , making him Portugal 's all-time top goalscorer .",
"He scored his first international goal in Euro 2004 and helped Portugal reach the final .",
"He took over full captaincy in July 2008 , and he led Portugal to the semi-finals at Euro 2012 , finishing the competition as joint-top scorer .",
"In November 2014 , Ronaldo became the all-time top scorer in the UEFA European Championship -LRB- including qualifying -RRB- with 23 goals .",
"At Euro 2016 , he became the most capped player of all-time in the tournament , the first player to score at four consecutive European Championship finals , and also equalled Michel Platini 's all-time record for most goals scored in the competition .",
"Ronaldo lifted the trophy after Portugal defeated France in the final , and he received the Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer of the tournament .",
""
]
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Cristiano Ronaldo was a professional athlete. | Ballon_d'Or | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"It has been awarded since 1956 , although between 2010 and 2015 , an agreement was made with FIFA and the award was temporarily merged with the FIFA World Player of the Year , and known as the FIFA Ballon d'Or ."
]
| [
"The Ballon d'Or -LRB- -LSB- balɔ̃ dɔʁ -RSB- ; `` Golden Ball '' -RRB- , is an annual association football award presented by France Football .",
"Conceived by sports writer Gabriel Hanot , the Ballon d'Or award honours the male player deemed to have performed the best over the previous year , based on voting by football journalists .",
"Originally , only European players were in contention for the Ballon d'Or : in 1995 the award was expanded to include all players at European clubs and in 2007 to all players from around the world .",
""
]
|
Paul Simon is a person. | Paul_Simon | SUPPORTS | [
5,
7,
12,
14,
2,
6,
8,
11,
16,
1,
13,
15
]
| [
"Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel .",
"Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' .",
"The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years .",
"In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work .",
"Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony -LRB- 1980 -RRB- and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman -LRB- 1998 -RRB- with the poet Derek Walcott .",
"On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts .",
"Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year -LRB- Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland -RRB- , and a Lifetime Achievement Award .",
"In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine .",
"In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists .",
"In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone .",
"Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 .",
"In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees ."
]
| [
"Paul Frederic Simon -LRB- born October 13 , 1941 -RRB- is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor .",
"",
"",
"",
"",
""
]
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David Dhawan is a film director. | David_Dhawan | SUPPORTS | [
2,
4,
1,
3
]
| [
"He is the father of Bollywood actor Varun Dhawan and director Rohit Dhawan .",
"He is best known for directing several successful films , including the comedies Swarg -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Shola Aur Shabnam -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Judwaa -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Mujhse Shaadi Karogi -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya ?\tSwarg\tSwarg\tShola Aur Shabnam\tShola Aur Shabnam (1992 film)\tJudwaa\tJudwaa\tDulhan Hum Le Jayenge\tDulhan Hum Le Jayenge\tMujhse Shaadi Karogi\tMujhse Shaadi Karogi",
"-LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Partner -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Chashme Baddoor -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Main Tera Hero -LRB- 2014 -RRB- .",
"The 1993 action thriller Aankhen and the 1999 comedy Biwi No. 1 earned him the Filmfare Award for Best Director nominations ."
]
| [
"David Dhawan -LRB- born Rajinder Dhawan on 16 August 1955 -RRB- is an Indian film director who works in Hindi films .",
""
]
|
The Challenge was a reality game show. | The_Challenge_-LRB-TV_series-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
1,
6,
8,
11,
12,
13,
14,
17
]
| [
"It features alumni from these two shows , in addition to first-time cast members called ` Fresh Meat ' , alumni from Are You the One ?\tFresh Meat\tReal World/Road Rules Challenge: Fresh Meat",
"The title of the show was originally Road Rules : All Stars before it was renamed Real World/Road Rules Challenge by the show 's 2nd season , then later abridged to simply The Challenge by the show 's 19th season .",
"Later on , however , the series began using hosts : Eric Nies and Mark Long co-hosted a season , and Jonny Moseley and Dave Mirra hosted various seasons before T. J. Lavin became the show 's regular host by the 11th season .",
"Since the 4th season , each season has supplied the show with a unique subtitle , such as Rivals .",
"Each season consists of a format and theme whereby the subtitle is derived .",
"Of each season 's format and theme , 8 have been repeated or revamped through sequel seasons with shared subtitles .",
"In chronological order , these include : Battle of the Sexes -LRB- tied to Battle of the Sexes II , the show 's first sequel season -RRB- ; The Inferno -LRB- tied to The Inferno II and The Inferno III , the show 's first trilogy -RRB- ; The Gauntlet -LRB- tied to The Gauntlet II and The Gauntlet III -RRB- ; The Duel -LRB- tied to The Duel II -RRB- ; Fresh Meat -LRB- tied to Fresh Meat II -RRB- , Battle of the Seasons -LRB- tied to the second Battle of the Seasons -RRB- ; Rivals -LRB- tied to Rivals II and Rivals III -RRB- ; and Battle of the Exes -LRB- tied to Battle of the Exes II -RRB- .",
"The current 29th season , entitled Invasion of the Champions , premiered on February 7 , 2017 and concluded on May 16 , 2017 ."
]
| [
"The Challenge -LRB- originally known as Road Rules : All Stars , followed by Real World/Road Rules Challenge -RRB- is a reality game show on MTV that is spun off from the network 's two reality shows , Real World and Road Rules .",
", and relatives of these cast members called ` Bloodlines ' , competing against one another for a cash prize .",
"The Challenge is currently hosted by T. J. Lavin .",
"",
"The series premiered on June 1 , 1998 .",
"The series initially used no hosts but instead a former cast member who had been kicked off his or her season , providing assignments as `` Mr. '' or `` Ms. Big '' -LRB- David `` Puck '' Rainey , David Edwards , and Gladys Sanabria served this role -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"",
"",
""
]
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Rumi's influence transcends ethnic divisions. | Rumi | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"Rumi 's influence transcends national borders and ethnic divisions : Iranians , Tajiks , Turks , Greeks , Pashtuns , other Central Asian Muslims , and the Muslims of South Asia have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries ."
]
| [
"Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī , also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī , Mevlânâ / Mawlānā -LRB- مولانا , `` our master '' -RRB- , Mevlevî / Mawlawī -LRB- مولوی , `` my master '' -RRB- , and more popularly simply as Rumi -LRB- 30 September 1207 -- 17 December 1273 -RRB- , was a 13th-century Persian Sunni Muslim poet , jurist , Islamic scholar , theologian , and Sufi mystic .",
"His poems have been widely translated into many of the world 's languages and transposed into various formats .",
"Rumi has been described as the `` most popular poet '' and the `` best selling poet '' in the United States .",
"",
"",
"Rumi 's works are written mostly in Persian , but occasionally he also used Turkish , Arabic , and Greek , in his verse .",
"His Masnavi -LRB- Mathnawi -RRB- , composed in Konya , is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language .",
"His works are widely read today in their original language across Greater Iran and the Persian-speaking world .",
"Translations of his works are very popular , most notably in Turkey , Azerbaijan , the United States , and South Asia .",
"His poetry has influenced Persian literature , but also Turkish , Ottoman Turkish , Azerbaijani , as well as the literature of some other Turkic , Iranian , and Indo-Aryan languages including Chagatai , Urdu , Pashto , and Bengali .",
""
]
|
Swedish Empire was ruled by Gustavus Adolphus from 1611 to 1632. | Swedish_Empire | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"The beginning of the Empire is usually taken as the reign of Gustavus Adolphus , who ascended the throne in 1611 , and the end as the loss of territories in 1721 following the Great Northern War ."
]
| [
"The Swedish Empire -LRB- stormaktstiden , `` the era of great power '' -RRB- refers to the Kingdom of Sweden 's territorial control of much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries , a time when Sweden was one of the great European powers .",
"In Swedish history , the period is referred to as stormaktstiden , literally meaning `` the Great Power era '' .",
"",
"",
"After the death of Gustavus Adolphus in 1632 , the empire was , over lengthy periods , controlled by part of the high nobility , most prominently the Oxenstierna family , acting as tutors for minor regents .",
"The interests of the high nobility contrasted with the uniformity policy -LRB- i.e. , the upholding of the traditional equality in status of the Swedish estates favoured by the kings and peasantry -RRB- .",
"In territories acquired during the periods of de facto noble rule , serfdom was not abolished , and there was also a trend to set up respective estates in Sweden proper .",
"The Great Reduction of 1680 put an end to these efforts of the nobility and required them to return estates once gained from the crown to the king .",
"Serfdom , however , remained in force in the dominions acquired in the Holy Roman Empire and in Swedish Estonia , where a consequent application of the uniformity policy was hindered by the treaties by which they were gained .",
"",
"",
"After the victories in the Thirty Years ' War , the climax of the great power era was reached during the Second Northern War , when their primary adversary Denmark was neutralized by the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 .",
"However , in the further course of this war as well as in the subsequent Scanian War , Sweden was able to maintain her empire only with support of her closest ally , France .",
"Charles XI of Sweden consolidated the empire and ensured a period of peace , before Russia , Saxony and Denmark started a concerted attack on his successor , Charles XII .",
"After initial Swedish victories , Charles secured the empire for some time in the Peace of Travendal -LRB- 1700 -RRB- and the Treaty of Altranstädt -LRB- 1706 -RRB- , before the Battle of Poltava -LRB- 1709 -RRB- finally brought the great power era of Sweden to an end .",
""
]
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Her was given a wide release on January 10, 2014. | Her_-LRB-film-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
16
]
| [
"It was later given a wide release at over 1,700 theaters in the United States and Canada on January 10 , 2014 ."
]
| [
"Her is a 2013 American romantic science-fiction drama film written , directed , and produced by Spike Jonze .",
"It marks Jonze 's solo screenwriting debut .",
"The film follows Theodore Twombly -LRB- Joaquin Phoenix -RRB- , a man who develops a relationship with Samantha -LRB- Scarlett Johansson -RRB- , an intelligent computer operating system personified through a female voice .",
"The film also stars Amy Adams , Rooney Mara , and Olivia Wilde .",
"",
"",
"Jonze conceived the idea in the early 2000s after reading an article about a website that allowed for instant messaging with an artificial intelligence program .",
"After making I 'm Here -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , a short film sharing similar themes , Jonze returned to the idea .",
"He wrote the first draft of the script in five months .",
"Principal photography took place in Los Angeles and Shanghai in mid-2012 .",
"The role of Samantha was recast in post-production , with Samantha Morton being replaced with Johansson .",
"Additional scenes were filmed in August 2013 following the casting change .",
"",
"",
"Her premiered at the 2013 New York Film Festival on October 12 , 2013 .",
"Warner Bros. initially provided a limited release for Her at six theaters on December 18 .",
"Her received widespread critical acclaim upon its release , and grossed over $ 47 million worldwide on a production budget of $ 23 million .",
"The film received numerous awards and nominations , primarily for Jonze 's screenplay .",
"At the 86th Academy Awards , Her received five nominations , including Best Picture , and won the award for Best Original Screenplay .",
"Jonze also won awards for his screenplay at the 71st Golden Globe Awards , the 66th Writers Guild of America Awards , the 19th Critics ' Choice Awards , and the 40th Saturn Awards .",
""
]
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Las Vegas's population has grown. | Las_Vegas | SUPPORTS | [
14,
15
]
| [
"Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2 % .",
"Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to a 2013 estimate , the population is 603,488 with a regional population of 2,027,828 ."
]
| [
"Las Vegas -LRB- -LSB- lɑːs_ˈveɪɡəs -RSB- , Spanish for `` The Meadows '' -RRB- , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County .",
"The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert .",
"Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife .",
"It is the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada .",
"",
"",
"The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino -- hotels and associated activities .",
"It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world .",
"Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations .",
"The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos .",
"",
"",
"Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 .",
"At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century -LRB- a similar distinction earned by Chicago in the 1800s -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"`` Las Vegas '' is often used to describe areas beyond official city limits -- especially the areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip , which is actually located within the unincorporated communities of Paradise , Winchester , and Enterprise .",
""
]
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The Divergent film series was worked on by Octavia Spencer. | Octavia_Spencer | SUPPORTS | [
4
]
| [
"Recently , Spencer has received acclaim for her work in the films Get on Up , Black or White , Smashed , Snowpiercer , The Divergent Series : Insurgent , and Zootopia ."
]
| [
"Octavia Lenora Spencer -LRB- born May 25 , 1972 -RRB- is an American actress and author .",
"She made her film debut in A Time to Kill .",
"Her breakthrough came in 2011 , when she starred as Minny Jackson in the period film The Help , for which she won the Academy Award , Golden Globe , SAG , BAFTA , and Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress .",
"She had a critically acclaimed performance in Ryan Coogler 's drama Fruitvale Station -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which she received the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress .",
"In 2017 , she received Academy Award , Golden Globe , and SAG nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as mathematician Dorothy Vaughan in the drama Hidden Figures .",
"",
"",
"As an author , Spencer has started a children 's book series titled Randi Rhodes Ninja Detective , publishing two books in the series - The Case of the Time-Capsule Bandit -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and The Sweetest Heist in History -LRB- 2015 -RRB- .",
""
]
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Man of Steel features the DC Comics character Superman. | Man_of_Steel_-LRB-film-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
5,
6,
19
]
| [
"Man of Steel is a reboot of the Superman film series that retells the character 's origin story .",
"In the film , Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton and assumes the role of mankind 's protector as Superman , but finds himself having to prevent General Zod from destroying humanity .",
"A follow-up , Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice was released on March 25 , 2016 while a standalone Superman sequel is in active development ."
]
| [
"Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film featuring the DC Comics character Superman .",
"It is a British-American venture produced by Legendary Pictures , DC Entertainment , Syncopy Inc. , and Cruel and Unusual Films , and distributed by Warner Bros. .",
"Pictures .",
"It is the first installment in the DC Extended Universe .",
"The film is directed by Zack Snyder , written by David S. Goyer , and stars Henry Cavill , Amy Adams , Michael Shannon , Kevin Costner , Diane Lane , Laurence Fishburne , Antje Traue , Ayelet Zurer , Christopher Meloni , and Russell Crowe .",
"",
"",
"Development began in 2008 , when Warner Bros. took pitches from comic book writers , screenwriters and directors , opting to reboot the franchise .",
"In 2009 , a court ruling resulted in Jerry Siegel 's family recapturing the rights to Superman 's origins and Siegel 's copyright .",
"The decision stated that Warner Bros. did not owe the families additional royalties from previous films , but if they did not begin production on a Superman film by 2011 , then the Shuster and Siegel estates would be able to sue for lost revenue on an unproduced film .",
"Producer Christopher Nolan pitched Goyer 's idea after story discussion on The Dark Knight Rises , and Snyder was hired as the film 's director in October 2010 .",
"Principal photography began in August 2011 in West Chicago , Illinois , before moving to Vancouver and Plano , Illinois .",
"",
"",
"Man of Steel was released in theaters on June 14 , 2013 , in conventional 2D , 3D , and IMAX formats .",
"Despite receiving mixed reviews , the film became a box office success , grossing over $ 668 million worldwide .",
"Critics praised the film 's visuals , action sequences , and Hans Zimmer 's musical score but criticized its pacing and lack of character development .",
""
]
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Leukemia has to do with a lack of normal blood cells. | Leukemia | SUPPORTS | [
3
]
| [
"These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells ."
]
| [
"Leukemia , also spelled leukaemia , is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells .",
"These white blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells .",
"Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising problems , feeling tired , fever , and an increased risk of infections .",
"Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy .",
"",
"",
"The exact cause of leukemia is unknown .",
"Different kinds of leukemia are believed to have different causes .",
"Both inherited and environmental -LRB- non-inherited -RRB- factors are believed to be involved .",
"Risk factors include smoking , ionizing radiation , some chemicals -LRB- such as benzene -RRB- , prior chemotherapy , and Down syndrome .",
"People with a family history of leukemia are also at higher risk .",
"There are four main types of leukemia -- acute lymphoblastic leukemia -LRB- ALL -RRB- , acute myeloid leukemia -LRB- AML -RRB- , chronic lymphocytic leukemia -LRB- CLL -RRB- and chronic myeloid leukemia -LRB- CML -RRB- -- as well as a number of less common types .",
"Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors that affect the blood , bone marrow , and lymphoid system , known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues .",
"",
"",
"Treatment may involve some combination of chemotherapy , radiation therapy , targeted therapy , and bone marrow transplant , in addition to supportive care and palliative care as needed .",
"Certain types of leukemia may be managed with watchful waiting .",
"The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person .",
"Outcomes have improved in the developed world .",
"The average five-year survival rate is 57 % in the United States .",
"In children under 15 , the five-year survival rate is greater than 60 to 85 % , depending on the type of leukemia .",
"In children with acute leukemia who are cancer-free after five years , the cancer is unlikely to return .",
"",
"",
"In 2015 , leukemia was present in 2.3 million people and caused 353,500 deaths .",
"In 2012 it newly developed in 352,000 people .",
"It is the most common type of cancer in children , with three quarters of leukemia cases in children being the acute lymphoblastic type .",
"However , about 90 % of all leukemias are diagnosed in adults , with AML and CLL being most common in adults .",
"It occurs more commonly in the developed world .",
""
]
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Judy Garland did not appear in a courtroom drama film. | Judy_Garland | REFUTES | [
9
]
| [
"Film appearances became fewer in her later years , but included two Academy Award nominated performances in A Star Is Born -LRB- 1954 -RRB- and Judgment at Nuremberg -LRB- 1961 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"Judy Garland -LRB- born Frances Ethel Gumm ; June 10 , 1922 -- June 22 , 1969 -RRB- was an American singer , actress , and vaudevillian .",
"She was renowned for her contralto vocals and attained international stardom that continued throughout a career spanning more than 40 years as an actress in musical and dramatic roles , as a recording artist , and on concert stages .",
"",
"",
"Garland began performing in vaudeville with her two older sisters and was signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager .",
"She made more than two dozen films with MGM , including nine with Mickey Rooney .",
"Garland 's most famous role was as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz -LRB- 1939 -RRB- .",
"Her other roles at MGM included Meet Me in St. Louis -LRB- 1944 -RRB- , The Harvey Girls -LRB- 1946 -RRB- and Easter Parade -LRB- 1948 -RRB- .",
"After 15 years , she was released from the studio and made record-breaking concert appearances , a successful recording career , and her own Emmy-nominated television series .",
"",
"",
"Garland received a Golden Globe Award , a Juvenile Academy Award , and a Special Tony Award , and at 39 , became the youngest and first female recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in the film industry .",
"She was the first woman to win a Grammy for Album of the Year for her live recording of Judy at Carnegie Hall .",
"In 1997 , Garland was posthumously awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award .",
"Several of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame .",
"In 1999 , the American Film Institute placed her among the 10 greatest female stars of classic American cinema .",
"",
"",
"From an early age , Garland struggled in her personal life .",
"The pressures of adolescent stardom sent her to a psychiatrist at age 18 .",
"Her self-image was influenced by film executives who said she was unattractive and manipulated her on-screen physical appearance .",
"She was plagued by financial instability , often owing hundreds of thousands of dollars in back taxes .",
"She married five times , with her first four marriages ending in divorce .",
"She also had a long addiction with drugs and alcohol , which ultimately led to her death from a barbiturate overdose at the age of 47 .",
""
]
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Telangana contains the city Warangal. | Telangana | SUPPORTS | [
3
]
| [
"Its major cities include Hyderabad , Warangal , Khammam , Karimnagar and Nizamabad ."
]
| [
"Telangana -LRB- t -RRB- is one of the 29 states in India , located in southern India .",
"Formed in June 2014 as the youngest state in India , from the northwestern part of the Joint State of Andhra Pradesh , Telangana has an area of 112077 km2 , and a population of 35,193,978 -LRB- 2011 census -RRB- .",
"It is the twelfth largest state in India , and the twelfth most populated state in India .",
"Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north west , Chhattisgarh to the north , Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south .",
"",
"",
"Telangana had a history as the Telugu-speaking region of the princely state of Hyderabad , ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad .",
"It joined the Union of India in 1948 .",
"In 1956 , the Hyderabad state was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganisation of states and Telangana was merged with former Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh .",
"Following a movement for separation , Telangana was awarded separate statehood on 2 June 2014 .",
"Hyderabad will continue to serve as the joint capital city for Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for no more than ten years .",
""
]
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Bonnie Hunt narrated Cheaper by the Dozen. | Cheaper_by_the_Dozen_-LRB-2003_film-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"The film was directed by Shawn Levy , narrated by Bonnie Hunt , and starring Steve Martin ."
]
| [
"Cheaper by the Dozen is a 2003 American family comedy film which takes its title from the autobiographical book of the same name by Frank B. Gilbreth , Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey , but despite the title and the concept of a family with twelve children , ranging from 5 year old Nigel & Kyle to 22 year old Nora , the film bears no resemblance to the book nor its original film adaptation , although it is mentioned that the mother 's maiden name is Gilbreth .",
"The film was released on December 25 , 2003 by 20th Century Fox , ultimately grossing just over $ 190 million worldwide .",
""
]
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The Hangover Part III includes Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Justin Bartha, and Ken Jeong, Jeffrey Tambor, Heather Graham, Mike Epps, Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman. | The_Hangover_Part_III | SUPPORTS | [
3,
4
]
| [
"The film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Justin Bartha , and Ken Jeong .",
"The supporting cast includes Jeffrey Tambor , Heather Graham , Mike Epps , Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman with Todd Phillips directing a screenplay written by himself and Craig Mazin ."
]
| [
"The Hangover Part III is a 2013 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. .",
"Pictures .",
"It is the third and final installment in The Hangover trilogy .",
"The film follows the `` Wolfpack '' -LRB- Phil , Stu , Doug , and Alan -RRB- as they try to get Alan the help he needs after facing a personal crisis .",
"However , things go awry when an incident from the original film comes back to haunt them .",
"",
"",
"The Hangover Part III was announced days before the release of The Hangover Part II and Mazin , who co-wrote Part II , was brought on board .",
"In January 2012 , the principal actors re-signed to star .",
"In March 2012 , Warner Bros. announced a U.S. Memorial Weekend release .",
"The supporting roles were cast between June and September 2012 .",
"Principal photography began in September 2012 in Los Angeles , California before moving to Nogales , Arizona and Las Vegas , Nevada .",
"The film was released on May 23 , 2013 .",
""
]
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Ariana Grande's second album debuted at number one in the United States when it was released in 2014. | Ariana_Grande | SUPPORTS | [
11
]
| [
"Grande 's second studio album , My Everything -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , debuted at number one in the US and charted in the top 10 in 24 other countries ."
]
| [
"Ariana Grande-Butera -LRB- born June 26 , 1993 -RRB- , known as Ariana Grande -LRB- -LSB- ˌɑriˈɑːnə_ˈɡrɑːndeɪ -RSB- -RRB- , is an American singer and actress .",
"She began her career in the Broadway musical 13 , before landing the role of Cat Valentine in the Nickelodeon television series Victorious in 2009 .",
"The show ended after four seasons , and Grande starred in the spinoff , Sam & Cat , which ended in 2014 .",
"She has also appeared in other theatre and television roles , and has lent her voice to animated television and films .",
"",
"",
"Grande 's music career began with the soundtrack Music from Victorious -LRB- 2011 -RRB- .",
"She signed a recording contract with Republic Records and released her debut studio album , Yours Truly , in 2013 , which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 .",
"The album 's lead single , `` The Way '' , debuted in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 , with critics comparing her wide vocal range to that of Mariah Carey .",
"",
"",
"With the lead single `` Problem '' and several others from that album , she was continuously in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 for 34 weeks and had the most top 10 singles of any artist in 2014 .",
"In 2015 , Grande promoted My Everything with her first world tour , The Honeymoon Tour , guest-starred in the Fox comedy horror television series , Scream Queens and released a holiday EP , Christmas & Chill .",
"In 2016 , she released her third studio album , Dangerous Woman , and several songs from the album .",
"The title track debuted at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 , making Grande the first person in the history of that chart to have the lead single from each of her first three albums debut in the top 10 .",
"The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 .",
"As of January 2017 , Grande 's music videos had been viewed a total of more than seven billion times online .",
"",
"",
"Grande 's accolades include three American Music Awards , an MTV Video Music Award , three MTV Europe Music Awards and four Grammy Award nominations .",
"All three of her albums have been certified platinum by the RIAA .",
"She has actively supported a range of charities , and has a large following on social media ; she is the second most followed person on Instagram .",
"In 2016 , Time named Grande one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list .",
""
]
|
Ted Bundy committed assaults in the seventies. | Ted_Bundy | SUPPORTS | [
12,
13
]
| [
"Initially incarcerated in Utah in 1975 for aggravated kidnapping and attempted criminal assault , Bundy became a suspect in a progressively longer list of unsolved homicides in multiple states .",
"Facing murder charges in Colorado , he engineered two dramatic escapes and committed further assaults , including three murders , before his ultimate recapture in Florida in 1978 ."
]
| [
"Theodore Robert Bundy -LRB- born Theodore Robert Cowell ; November 24 , 1946 -- January 24 , 1989 -RRB- was an American serial killer , kidnapper , rapist , burglar , and necrophile who assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s , and possibly earlier .",
"Shortly before his execution -- after more than a decade of denials -- he confessed to 30 homicides committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978 .",
"The true victim count remains unknown , and could be much higher .",
"",
"",
"Bundy was regarded by many of his young female victims as handsome and charismatic , traits that he exploited to win their trust .",
"He typically approached them in public places , feigning injury or disability , or impersonating an authority figure , before overpowering and assaulting them at more secluded locations .",
"He sometimes revisited his secondary crime scenes for hours at a time , grooming and performing sexual acts with the decomposing corpses until putrefaction and destruction by wild animals made further interaction impossible .",
"He decapitated at least 12 of his victims , and kept some of the severed heads in his apartment for a period of time as mementos .",
"On a few occasions , he simply broke into dwellings at night and bludgeoned his victims as they slept .",
"",
"",
"He received three death sentences in two separate trials for the Florida homicides .",
"",
"",
"Bundy died in the electric chair at Raiford Prison in Starke , Florida , on January 24 , 1989 .",
"Biographer Ann Rule described him as `` a sadistic sociopath who took pleasure from another human 's pain and the control he had over his victims , to the point of death , and even after '' .",
"He once called himself `` the most cold-hearted son of a bitch you 'll ever meet '' .",
"Attorney Polly Nelson , a member of his last defense team , agreed : `` Ted '' , she wrote , `` was the very definition of heartless evil . ''\tPolly Nelson\tPolly Nelson",
""
]
|
Schindler's List was released in 1993. | Schindler's_List | SUPPORTS | [
18
]
| [
"Schindler 's List premiered on November 30 , 1993 , in Washington , D.C. and it was released on December 15 , 1993 , in the United States ."
]
| [
"Schindler 's List is a 1993 American epic historical period drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg and scripted by Steven Zaillian .",
"It is based on the novel Schindler 's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally .",
"The film relates a period in the life of Oskar Schindler , an ethnic German businessman , during which he saved the lives of more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories during World War II .",
"It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler , Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth , and Ben Kingsley as Schindler 's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern .",
"",
"",
"Ideas for a film about the Schindlerjuden -LRB- Schindler Jews -RRB- were proposed as early as 1963 .",
"Poldek Pfefferberg , one of the Schindlerjuden , made it his life 's mission to tell the story of Schindler .",
"Spielberg became interested in the story when executive Sidney Sheinberg sent him a book review of Schindler 's Ark. .",
"Universal Pictures bought the rights to the novel , but Spielberg , unsure if he was ready to make a film about the Holocaust , tried to pass the project to several other directors before finally deciding to direct the film himself .",
"",
"",
"Principal photography took place in Kraków , Poland , over the course of 72 days in 1993 .",
"Spielberg shot the film in black and white and approached it as a documentary .",
"Cinematographer Janusz Kamiński wanted to give the film a sense of timelessness .",
"John Williams composed the score , and violinist Itzhak Perlman performs the film 's main theme .",
"",
"",
"Often listed among the greatest films ever made , it was also a box office success , earning $ 321.2 million worldwide on a $ 22 million budget .",
"It was the recipient of seven Academy Awards -LRB- out of twelve nominations -RRB- , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Original Score , as well as numerous other awards -LRB- including seven BAFTAs and three Golden Globes -RRB- .",
"In 2007 , the American Film Institute ranked the film 8th on its list of the 100 best American films of all time .",
"The Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2004 .",
""
]
|
Zeus is an angel. | List_of_thunder_gods | REFUTES | [
1
]
| [
"In Indo-European cultures , the thunder god is frequently known as the chief or king of the gods , e.g. Indra in Hinduism , Zeus in Greek mythology , and Perun in ancient Slavic religion ; or a close relation thereof , e.g. Thor , son of Odin , in Norse mythology ."
]
| [
"Polytheistic peoples of many cultures have postulated a thunder god , the personification or source of the forces of thunder and lightning ; a lightning god does not have a typical depiction , and will vary based on the culture .",
"This is also true of Shango in Yoruba religion and in the syncretic religions of the African Diaspora , such as Santería -LRB- Cuba , Puerto Rico , United States and Candomblé -LRB- Brazil -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"In Greek mythology , the Elysian Fields , or the Elysian Plains , the final resting places of the souls of the heroic and the virtuous , evolved from a designation of a place or person struck by lightning , enelysion , enelysios .",
"This could be a reference to Zeus , the god of lightning/Jupiter , so `` lightning-struck '' could be saying that the person was blessed -LRB- struck -RRB- by Zeus -LRB- / lightning/fortune -RRB- .",
"Egyptologist Jan Assmann has also suggested that Greek Elysion may have instead been derived from the Egyptian term ialu -LRB- older iaru -RRB- , meaning `` reeds , '' with specific reference to the `` Reed fields '' -LRB- Egyptian : sekhet iaru / ialu -RRB- , a paradisiacal land of plenty where the dead hoped to spend eternity .",
""
]
|
Zeus is an angel. | Zeus | REFUTES | [
1,
12
]
| [
"His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter .",
"He was respected as an allfather who was chief of the gods and assigned the others to their roles : `` Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father , and all the gods rise in his presence . ''\tothers\tZeus#Consorts and children\tallfather\tSky father"
]
| [
"Zeus -LSB- ˈzju : s -RSB- -LRB- Ζεύς , Zeús , -LSB- zdeǔ̯s -RSB- Modern Δίας , Días -LSB- ˈði.as -RSB- -RRB- is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion , who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus .",
"His mythologies and powers are similar , though not identical , to those of the Indo-European deities such as Indra , Jupiter , Perun , Thor , and Odin .",
"",
"",
"Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea , the youngest of his siblings to be born , though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus 's stomach .",
"In most traditions , he is married to Hera , by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares , Hebe , and Hephaestus .",
"At the oracle of Dodona , his consort was said to be Dione , by whom the Iliad states that he fathered Aphrodite .",
"Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades .",
"These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring , including Athena , Apollo , Artemis , Hermes , Persephone , Dionysus , Perseus , Heracles , Helen of Troy , Minos , and the Muses .",
"",
"",
"He was equated with many foreign weather gods , permitting Pausanias to observe `` That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men '' .",
"Zeus ' symbols are the thunderbolt , eagle , bull , and oak .",
"In addition to his Indo-European inheritance , the classical `` cloud-gatherer '' -LRB- Greek : Νεφεληγερέτα , Nephelēgereta -RRB- also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East , such as the scepter .",
"Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses : standing , striding forward with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand , or seated in majesty .",
""
]
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Venus Williams has won multiple Wimbledons. | Venus_Williams | SUPPORTS | [
16,
17
]
| [
"Her five Wimbledon singles titles ties her with two other women for eighth place on the all-time list .",
"Williams is one of four women to have won five or more Wimbledon singles titles in the Open Era ."
]
| [
"Venus Ebony Starr Williams -LRB- born June 17 , 1980 -RRB- is an American professional tennis player who is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women 's tennis and who , along with younger sister Serena Williams , is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women 's professional tennis tour .",
"",
"",
"Ranked World No. 11 in singles as of January 28 , 2017 , Williams has been ranked World No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association on three occasions , for a total of 11 weeks .",
"She first became the World No. 1 on February 25 , 2002 , the first African American woman to do so in the Open Era .",
"On 10 June 2002 , Venus and Serena became the first sisters to hold the No. 1 and No. 2 spots in the singles rankings , respectively .",
"On 7 June 2010 , Venus became co-No .",
"1 in doubles with Serena after they won their 4th consecutive grand slam doubles title at Roland Garros .",
"By virtue of that doubles ascension , Venus became one of seven women to reach No. 1 in singles and No. 1 in doubles .",
"On 21 June 2010 , Venus and Serena again occupied the No. 2 and No. 1 spots in the singles rankings , respectively .",
"This came almost exactly 8 years after first accomplishing this feat .",
"At the time , Venus had just celebrated her 30th birthday and Serena was three months shy of her 29th birthday , both ages at which many of their peers had retired .",
"",
"",
"Her seven Grand Slam singles titles ties her twelfth on the all-time list , more than any other active female player except sister Serena .",
"She has also won fourteen Grand Slam doubles titles and two mixed doubles titles .",
"From the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2001 US Open , Williams won four of the six Grand Slam singles tournaments held .",
"She is one of only six women in the Open Era to win 200 or more main draw Grand Slam singles matches .",
"At the 2017 French Open , Williams extended her record as the all-time leader , male or female , in Grand Slams played , with 74 .",
"Furthermore , Williams ' run to the 2017 Australian Open Women 's Singles final set the record for longest span between singles slam finals in the open era at 20 years , the beginning of which was marked by her appearance in the singles final at the 1997 US Open .",
"",
"",
"Williams has won four Olympic gold medals , one in singles and three in women 's doubles , along with a silver medal in mixed doubles .",
"",
"She and Serena have won more Olympic gold medals than any other tennis player , male or female .",
"Venus also holds the record for the most Olympic medals won by a male or female tennis player , shared with Kathleen McKane Godfree .",
"She is the only tennis player to have won a medal at four separate Olympic Games .",
"At the 2000 Sydney Olympics , Williams became only the second player to win Olympic gold medals in both singles and doubles at the same Olympic Games , after Helen Wills Moody in 1924 .",
"",
"",
"With 49 singles titles , Williams is behind only Serena among active players on the WTA Tour .",
"Her 35-match winning streak from the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2000 Generali Ladies Linz tournament final is the longest since January 1 , 2000 .",
"She is also one of only three active WTA players to have made the finals of all four Grand Slams , along with Serena and Russian Maria Sharapova .",
"By winning her 49th career singles title at the 2016 Taiwan Open , Williams became the 5th oldest WTA Tour titlist in the Open Era , at 35 years , 7 months and 28 days .",
"",
"",
"Williams has played against her sister in 27 professional matches since 1998 , and won 11 .",
"They have played against each other in nine Grand Slam singles finals , with Venus holding a 2-7 record .",
"Venus has 8 runner-up finishes in grand slam singles events with Martina Hingis being the only player other than Serena to beat Venus in a major final at the 1997 US Open .",
"Beginning with the 2002 French Open , they opposed each other in four consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , the first time sisters had so met in the Open Era .",
"On the other side , the pair have won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles playing alongside each other and are undefeated in Grand Slam finals .",
""
]
|
Quentin Tarantino directed a creative work. | Quentin_Tarantino | SUPPORTS | [
5,
6,
7,
9,
13,
12,
14,
15,
17
]
| [
"His career began in the late 1980s , when he wrote and directed My Best Friend 's Birthday , the screenplay of which formed the basis for True Romance .",
"In the early 1990s , he began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of Reservoir Dogs in 1992 ; regarded as a classic and cult hit , it was called the `` Greatest Independent Film of All Time '' by Empire .",
"Its popularity was boosted by his second film , Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences .",
"For his next effort , Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch .",
"Kill Bill , a highly stylized `` revenge flick '' in the cinematic traditions of Kung fu films , Japanese martial arts , Spaghetti Westerns and Italian horror , followed six years later , and was released as two films : Volume 1 in 2003 and Volume 2 in 2004 .",
"Tarantino directed Death Proof -LRB- 2007 -RRB- as part of a double feature with friend Robert Rodriguez , under the collective title Grindhouse .",
"His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds , which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany 's political leadership , was released in 2009 to positive reviews .",
"After that came 2012 's critically acclaimed Django Unchained , a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South .",
"His eighth film , the mystery Western The Hateful Eight , was released in its roadshow version December 25 , 2015 , in 70 mm film format , complete with opening `` overture '' and halfway-point intermission , after the fashion of big-budget films of the 1960s and early 1970s ."
]
| [
"Quentin Jerome Tarantino -LRB- -LSB- ˌtærənˈtiːnoʊ -RSB- born March 27 , 1963 -RRB- is an American director , writer , and actor .",
"His films are characterized by nonlinear storylines , satirical subject matter , an aestheticization of violence , extended scenes of dialogue , ensemble casts consisting of established and lesser-known performers , references to popular culture , soundtracks primarily containing songs and score pieces from the 1960s to the 1980s , and features of neo-noir film .",
"He is widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of his generation .",
"",
"",
"Judged the greatest film from 1983 -- 2008 by Entertainment Weekly , many critics and scholars have named it one of the most significant works of modern cinema .",
"",
"",
"It became the highest-grossing film of his career so far , making over $ 425 million at the box office .",
"",
"",
"Tarantino 's films have garnered both critical and commercial success .",
"He has received many industry awards , including two Academy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two BAFTA Awards and the Palme d'Or , and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy .",
"He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005 .",
"Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him `` the single most influential director of his generation '' .",
"In December 2015 , Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry .",
""
]
|
Quentin Tarantino directed a creative work. | Reservoir_Dogs | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"The film was the feature-length debut of writer and director Quentin Tarantino , and stars Harvey Keitel , Michael Madsen , Steve Buscemi , Chris Penn , Lawrence Tierney and Tim Roth ."
]
| [
"Reservoir Dogs is a 1992 American crime thriller film that depicts the events before and after a botched diamond heist .",
"Tarantino and criminal-turned-author Edward Bunker have minor roles .",
"It incorporates many themes that have become Tarantino 's hallmarks : violent crime , pop culture references , profanity , and nonlinear storytelling .",
"",
"",
"The film has become regarded as a classic of independent film and a cult film .",
"It was named `` Greatest Independent Film of all Time '' by Empire .",
"Reservoir Dogs was generally well received , and the cast was praised by many critics .",
"Although it was not given much promotion upon release , the film became a modest success in the United States after grossing $ 2.8 million against its $ 1.2 million budget .",
"The film was more successful in the United Kingdom , grossing nearly # 6.5 million , and it achieved higher popularity after the success of Tarantino 's next film , Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- .",
"A soundtrack was released featuring songs used in the film , which are mostly from the 1970s .",
""
]
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The Beatles had Stuart Sutcliffe initially serve as their agent. | The_Beatles | REFUTES | [
6
]
| [
"The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960 , with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player ."
]
| [
"The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960 .",
"With members John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr , they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era .",
"Rooted in skiffle , beat and 1950s rock and roll , the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles , ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock , often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways .",
"In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as `` Beatlemania '' , and as the group 's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years , led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney , they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s .",
"",
"",
"The core of Lennon , McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers , including Pete Best , before asking Starr to join them in 1962 .",
"Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act , and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings , greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit , `` Love Me Do '' , in late 1962 .",
"They acquired the nickname `` the Fab Four '' as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year , and by early 1964 became international stars , leading the `` British Invasion '' of the United States pop market .",
"From 1965 onwards , the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings , including the albums Rubber Soul -LRB- 1965 -RRB- , Revolver -LRB- 1966 -RRB- , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band -LRB- 1967 -RRB- , The Beatles -LRB- commonly known as the White Album , 1968 -RRB- and Abbey Road -LRB- 1969 -RRB- .",
"After their break-up in 1970 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths .",
"McCartney and Starr , the surviving members , remain musically active .",
"Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980 , and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001 .",
"",
"",
"The Beatles are the best-selling band in history , with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide .",
"They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act .",
"According to the RIAA , the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States , with 178 million certified units .",
"In 2008 , the group topped Billboard magazine 's list of the all-time most successful `` Hot 100 '' artists ; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty .",
"They have received ten Grammy Awards , an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards .",
"The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 , and all four were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015 .",
"They were also collectively included in Time magazine 's compilation of the twentieth century 's 100 most influential people .",
""
]
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A Nightmare on Elm Street was directed by Craven. | A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street | SUPPORTS | [
6
]
| [
"Craven filmed A Nightmare on Elm Street on an estimated budget of $ 1.8 million , a sum the film earned back during its first week ."
]
| [
"A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 American slasher film written and directed by Wes Craven , and the first film of the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise .",
"The film stars Heather Langenkamp , John Saxon , Ronee Blakley , Amanda Wyss , Jsu Garcia , Robert Englund , and Johnny Depp in his feature film debut .",
"The plot revolves around several teenagers who are stalked and killed in their dreams -LRB- and thus killed in reality -RRB- by Freddy Krueger .",
"The teenagers are unaware of the cause of this strange phenomenon , but their parents hold a dark secret from long ago .",
"",
"",
"The film went on to gross over $ 25 million at the United States box office .",
"A Nightmare on Elm Street was met with rave critical reviews and went on to make a very significant impact on the horror genre , spawning a franchise consisting of a line of sequels , a television series , a crossover with Friday the 13th , beyond various other works of imitation ; a remake of the same name was released in 2010 .",
"",
"",
"The film is credited with carrying on many tropes found in low-budget horror films of the 1970s and 1980s , originating in John Carpenter 's 1978 horror film Halloween , including the morality play that revolves around sexual promiscuity in teenagers resulting in their eventual death , leading to the term `` slasher film '' .",
"Critics and film historians state that the film 's premise is the struggle to define the distinction between dreams and reality , manifested by the lives and dreams of the teens in the film .",
"Critics today praise the film 's ability to transgress `` the boundaries between the imaginary and real '' , toying with audience perceptions .",
""
]
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Charlize Theron acted in The Burning Plain. | Charlize_Theron | SUPPORTS | [
11
]
| [
"She had producing credits on the films The Burning Plain -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and Dark Places -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , both of which she starred in ."
]
| [
"Charlize Theron -LRB- -LSB- ʃɑːrˈliːz_ˈθɛrən -RSB- or -LSB- ʃɑrˈliːs_ˈθɛərən -RSB- ; -LSB- ʃarˈlis trɔn -RSB- ; born 7 August 1975 -RRB- is a South African-American actress and film producer .",
"She has starred in several Hollywood films , such as The Devil 's Advocate -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Mighty Joe Young -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , The Cider House Rules -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Monster -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , The Italian Job -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Hancock -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , A Million Ways to Die in the West -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Mad Max : Fury Road -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and The Fate of the Furious -LRB- 2017 -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"Theron received critical acclaim for her portrayal of serial killer Aileen Wuornos in Monster -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , for which she won the Academy Award , Silver Bear , Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress among several other accolades , becoming the first South African to win an Academy Award in a major acting category .",
"She received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her performance in the sexual harassment-themed drama North Country in 2005 and a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance in Jason Reitman 's 2011 film Young Adult .",
"",
"",
"Theron became a U.S. citizen in 2007 , while retaining her South African citizenship .",
"In the late 2000s , she moved into the field of producing , both in television and film .",
"In 2006 , she produced the documentary East of Havana .",
"In 2012 , she played Queen Ravenna in Snow White and the Huntsman and Meredith Vickers in Prometheus , both of which were box office successes .",
"She reprised her role of Queen Ravenna in the 2016 follow-up film The Huntsman : Winter 's War .",
"In 2016 , Time Magazine named her in the annual Time 100 most influential people list .",
""
]
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Charlize Theron acted in The Burning Plain. | The_Burning_Plain | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"The film stars Charlize Theron , Jennifer Lawrence , Kim Basinger and Joaquim de Almeida ."
]
| [
"The Burning Plain is a 2008 drama film directed and written by Guillermo Arriaga , the screenwriter of Amores perros -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , 21 Grams -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , and Babel -LRB- 2006 -RRB- .",
"In Arriaga 's directorial debut , he films a story that has multipart story strands woven together as in his previous screenplays .",
"Filming of The Burning Plain began in New Mexico in November 2007 , and the film was released in late 2008 in various festivals , before a limited theatrical release in 2009 .",
""
]
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International Relations includes communication. | International_relations | SUPPORTS | [
9
]
| [
"For example , international relations draws from the fields of : technology and engineering , economics , communication studies , history , international law , demography , philosophy , geography , social work , sociology , anthropology , criminology , psychology , gender studies , cultural studies , culturology , and diplomacy ."
]
| [
"International relations -LRB- IR -RRB- or international affairs , depending on academic institution , is either a field of political science , an interdisciplinary academic field similar to global studies , or an entirely independent academic discipline in which students take a variety of internationally focused courses in social science and humanities disciplines .",
"In both cases , the field studies relationships between political entities -LRB- polities -RRB- such as states , sovereign states , empires , inter-governmental organizations -LRB- IGOs -RRB- , international non-governmental organizations -LRB- INs -RRB- , non-governmental organizations -LRB- NGOs -RRB- , and multinational corporations -LRB- MNCs -RRB- , and the wider world-systems produced by this interaction .",
"International relations is an academic and a public policy field , and so can be positive and normative , because it analyzes and formulates the foreign policy of a given State .",
"",
"",
"As political activity , international relations dates from the time of the Greek historian Thucydides -LRB- c. 460 -- 395 BC -RRB- , and , in the early 20th century , became a discrete academic field -LRB- No. 5901 in the 4-digit UNESCO Nomenclature -RRB- within political science .",
"In practice International Relations and International Affairs forms a separate academic program or field from Political Science , and the courses taught therein are highly interdisciplinary .",
"",
"",
"The scope of international relations comprehends globalization , diplomatic relations , state sovereignty , international security , ecological sustainability , nuclear proliferation , nationalism , economic development , global finance , as well as terrorism and organized crime , human security , foreign interventionism , and human rights , as well , as , more recently , comparative religion .",
""
]
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Usain Bolt has competed in a sprint race in track and field in world competitions. | Usain_Bolt | SUPPORTS | [
4,
8,
9
]
| [
"Due to his unprecedented dominance and achievements in sprint competition , he is widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time .",
"He gained worldwide popularity for his double sprint victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics in world record times .",
"Bolt is the only sprinter to win Olympic 100 m and 200 m titles at three consecutive olympics -LRB- 2008 , 2012 and 2016 -RRB- , a feat referred to as the `` triple double . ''\t100 m\t2015 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 100 metres\t200 m\t200 metres at the Olympics\tsprinter\tSprint (running)\tOlympic 100 m\t100 metres at the Olympics"
]
| [
"Usain St Leo Bolt , OJ , CD -LRB- -LSB- ˈjuːseɪn -RSB- born 21 August 1986 -RRB- is a Jamaican sprinter .",
"He is the first person to hold both the 100 metres and 200 metres world records since fully automatic time became mandatory .",
"He also holds the world record as a part of the 4 × 100 metres relay .",
"He is the reigning world and Olympic champion in these three events .",
"",
"",
"An eight-time Olympic gold medalist , Bolt won the 100 m , 200 m and 4 × 100 m relay at three consecutive Olympic Games , although he subsequently lost one of the gold medals -LRB- as well as the world record set therein -RRB- nine years after the fact due to teammate Nesta Carter 's disqualification for doping offences .",
"",
"",
"An eleven-time World Champion , he won consecutive World Championship 100 m , 200 m and 4 × 100 metres relay gold medals from 2009 to 2015 , with the exception of a 100 m false start in 2011 .",
"He is the most successful athlete of the World Championships and was the first athlete to win three titles in both the 100 m and 200 m at the competition .",
"",
"",
"Bolt improved upon his first 100 m world record of 9.69 with 9.58 seconds in 2009 -- the biggest improvement since the start of electronic timing .",
"He has twice broken the 200 metres world record , setting 19.30 in 2008 and 19.19 in 2009 .",
"He has helped Jamaica to three 4 × 100 metres relay world records , with the current record being 36.84 seconds set in 2012 .",
"Bolt 's most successful event is the 200 m , with three Olympic and four World titles .",
"The 2008 Olympics was his international debut over 100 m ; he had earlier won numerous 200 m medals -LRB- including 2007 World Championship silver -RRB- and holds the world under-20 and world under-18 records for the event .",
"",
"",
"His achievements as a sprinter have earned him the media nickname `` Lightning Bolt '' , and his awards include the IAAF World Athlete of the Year , Track & Field Athlete of the Year , and Laureus World Sportsman of the Year -LRB- four times -RRB- .",
"Bolt has stated that he intends to retire from athletics after the 2017 World Championships .",
""
]
|
The main successor to the internet was the ARPANET. | Internet | REFUTES | [
6
]
| [
"The primary precursor network , the ARPANET , initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s ."
]
| [
"The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite -LRB- TCP/IP -RRB- to link devices worldwide .",
"It is a network of networks that consists of private , public , academic , business , and government networks of local to global scope , linked by a broad array of electronic , wireless , and optical networking technologies .",
"The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services , such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web -LRB- WWW -RRB- , electronic mail , telephony , and file sharing .",
"",
"",
"The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust , fault-tolerant communication via computer networks .",
"The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s , as well as private funding for other commercial extensions , led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies , and the merger of many networks .",
"The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet , and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional , personal , and mobile computers were connected to the network .",
"Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s , the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life .",
"",
"",
"Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world .",
"In the two decades since then , Internet use has grown 100-times , measured for the period of one year , to over one third of the world population .",
"Most traditional communications media , including telephony , radio , television , paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet , giving birth to new services such as email , Internet telephony , Internet television , online music , digital newspapers , and video streaming websites .",
"Newspaper , book , and other print publishing are adapting to website technology , or are reshaped into blogging , web feeds and online news aggregators .",
"The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging , Internet forums , and social networking .",
"Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs , as it enables firms to extend their `` brick and mortar '' presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online .",
"Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries .",
"",
"",
"The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage ; each constituent network sets its own policies .",
"Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet , the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System -LRB- DNS -RRB- , are directed by a maintainer organization , the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers -LRB- ICANN -RRB- .",
"The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force -LRB- IETF -RRB- , a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise .",
""
]
|
Jawbreaker (film) stars an Italian-born American actress, film producer, director and singer. | Jawbreaker_-LRB-film-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"The film stars Rose McGowan , Rebecca Gayheart , Julie Benz , and Judy Greer as girls in an exclusive clique in their high school ."
]
| [
"Jawbreaker is a 1999 American black comedy film written and directed by Darren Stein .",
"Charlotte Ayanna has a non-speaking cameo role as a murdered prom queen .",
"The film was inspired by the film Heathers , and is often compared to it , particularly the plot involving a popular female clique , and the ostensibly accidental killing of one of its members .",
"",
"",
"Of his concept for the film , Stein has stated `` The jawbreaker just came to represent the duality of the poppy sweetness of the girls , of high school and of youth , versus the whole idea that this thing could break your jaw '' .",
"The film was released on February 19 , 1999 and was a critical and financial failure , although it has come to gain a cult following .",
"Similarities have been drawn between Jawbreaker and the 2004 film Mean Girls .",
""
]
|
Kurt Sutter is the creator of Sons of Anarchy. | Kurt_Sutter | SUPPORTS | [
2
]
| [
"Sutter is also the creator of Sons of Anarchy on FX ; he wrote , produced , and directed the series , as well as played incarcerated club member Otto Delaney ."
]
| [
"Kurt Leon Sutter -LRB- born May 5 , 1960 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , director , producer , and actor .",
"He worked as a producer , writer , and director on The Shield , and appeared on the show as hitman Margos Dezerian .",
"Sutter spent time with members of an outlaw motorcycle club in Northern California as research for Sons of Anarchy .",
"Sutter 's wife , actress Katey Sagal , was one of the show 's lead actresses .",
""
]
|
Kingdom Hearts III is owned by Boyz II Men. | Kingdom_Hearts_III | REFUTES | [
2,
1,
6
]
| [
"It is the twelfth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series , sequel to Kingdom Hearts II , and the final chapter in the Dark Seeker saga .",
"Set after the events of Kingdom Hearts 3D : Dream Drop Distance , returning protagonist Sora is joined by Donald Duck , Goofy , King Mickey and Riku in their search for the seven guardians of light and the `` Key to Return Hearts '' as they attempt to thwart Master Xehanort 's plan to bring about a second Keyblade War .",
"Concepts for the game began as early as 2006 , after the release of Kingdom Hearts II : Final Mix in Japan , with the game not officially confirmed to be in development until E3 2013 , after years of rumors and speculation ."
]
| [
"Kingdom Hearts III is an upcoming action role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One .",
"Their journey has them cross paths with characters , and visit worlds , based on Disney properties and Final Fantasy .",
"",
"",
"Kingdom Hearts III sees many returning gameplay features from the series , while introducing new `` Attraction Flow '' attacks that incorporate Disney Parks attractions .",
"The game also is the first in the series to utilize Unreal Engine 4 .",
""
]
|
Keanu Reeves is a film actor. | Keanu_Reeves | SUPPORTS | [
4,
5
]
| [
"He gained fame for his starring role performances in several blockbuster films including comedies from the Bill and Ted franchise -LRB- 1989 -- 1991 -RRB- ; action thrillers Point Break -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Speed -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , and the John Wick franchise ; psychological thriller The Devil 's Advocate -LRB- 1997 -RRB- ; supernatural thriller Constantine -LRB- 2005 -RRB- ; and science fiction/action series The Matrix -LRB- 1999 -- 2003 -RRB- .",
"He has also appeared in dramatic films such as Dangerous Liaisons -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , My Own Private Idaho -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , and Little Buddha -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , as well as the romantic horror Bram Stoker 's Dracula -LRB- 1992 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"Keanu Charles Reeves -LRB- -LSB- kiːˈɑːnuː -RSB- ; born September 2 , 1964 -RRB- is a Canadian actor , director , producer , and musician .",
"",
"",
"Reeves is best known for his acting career , beginning in 1985 and spanning more than three decades .",
"",
"",
"Since becoming active in the film industry , Reeves has earned critical acclaim .",
"One New York Times critic praised Reeves ' versatility , saying that he `` displays considerable discipline and range ... he moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles '' .",
"However , Reeves has spent much of his later career being typecast .",
"A recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed is one of saving the world , as can be seen in the characters of Ted Logan , Buddha , Neo , Johnny Mnemonic , John Constantine , and Klaatu .",
"His acting has garnered several awards , including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .",
"",
"",
"During his film career , Reeves has engaged in several forms of artistic expression .",
"Active as a musician for over a decade , he played bass guitar for the bands Dogstar and Becky .",
"Acting onstage , he performed as Prince Hamlet for the Manitoba Theatre Centre 's production of Hamlet .",
"He wrote the text for a picture book , Ode to Happiness , illustrated by Alexandra Grant .",
"He has also produced a documentary , Side by Side , and directed the martial arts film Man of Tai Chi .",
""
]
|
Dwayne Johnson won the WWF Intercontinental Championship twice. | Dwayne_Johnson | SUPPORTS | [
12
]
| [
"He won the WWF Intercontinental Championship twice and the WWF Tag Team Championship five times ."
]
| [
"Dwayne Douglas Johnson -LRB- born May 2 , 1972 -RRB- , also known by his ring name , The Rock , is an American actor , producer , and professional wrestler .",
"He holds both American and Canadian citizenships .",
"",
"",
"Born in California and raised in New Zealand and the U.S. states of Hawaii and Pennsylvania , Johnson was a college football player for the University of Miami , where he won a national championship on the 1991 Miami Hurricanes football team .",
"He later played for the Calgary Stampeders in the Canadian Football League and was cut two months into the 1995 season .",
"This led him to become a professional wrestler like his grandfather , Peter Maivia , and his father , Rocky Johnson , from whom he also inherited his Canadian citizenship .",
"",
"",
"Currently signed to WWE on a part-time contract , Johnson gained mainstream fame in the World Wrestling Federation -LRB- WWF , now WWE -RRB- from 1996 to 2004 as a major figure in the company 's Attitude Era , and was the first third-generation wrestler in the company 's history .",
"He returned to wrestling part-time for WWE from 2011 to 2013 and continues to make sporadic non-wrestling appearances for the company .",
"Johnson has 17 championship reigns in WWE , including 10 as a world champion , winning the WWF/WWE Championship eight times -LRB- seventh reign was as WWE Undisputed Champion -RRB- and the WCW/World Championship twice .",
"Johnson is the sixth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history and won the 2000 Royal Rumble .",
"He is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time .",
"",
"",
"Johnson 's autobiography The Rock Says ... , co-written with Joe Layden , was published in 2000 .",
"It debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list , spent 20 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list , and sold 720,000 copies in hardcover alone .",
"",
"",
"Johnson 's first leading film role was in The Scorpion King in 2002 .",
"For this role , he was paid US$ 5.5 million , a world record for an actor in his first starring role .",
"He has since appeared in various films , and become known for his ability to reinvigorate film franchises .",
"One of his more prominent roles is Luke Hobbs in The Fast and the Furious franchise ; its most recent film , The Fate of the Furious , was released in 2017 and has grossed over $ 1.1 billion worldwide , making it the second highest-grossing film of 2017 and the twelfth highest-grossing film of all time .",
"He hosted and produced The Hero , a reality competition series ; and has since continued to produce TV series and films through his production company Seven Bucks Productions , each of which he also stars in .",
"Forbes listed Johnson No. 25 in the Top 100 Most Powerful Celebrities in 2013 .",
"He was the world 's highest-paid actor of 2016 .",
"Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016 .",
"",
"In 2015 , Muscle & Fitness named Johnson their `` Man of the Century '' .",
""
]
|
By the metrics of the RIAA, The Beatles have sold more than any recording artist in America. | The_Beatles | SUPPORTS | [
18
]
| [
"According to the RIAA , the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States , with 178 million certified units ."
]
| [
"The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960 .",
"With members John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr , they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era .",
"Rooted in skiffle , beat and 1950s rock and roll , the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles , ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock , often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways .",
"In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as `` Beatlemania '' , and as the group 's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years , led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney , they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s .",
"",
"",
"The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960 , with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player .",
"The core of Lennon , McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers , including Pete Best , before asking Starr to join them in 1962 .",
"Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act , and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings , greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit , `` Love Me Do '' , in late 1962 .",
"They acquired the nickname `` the Fab Four '' as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year , and by early 1964 became international stars , leading the `` British Invasion '' of the United States pop market .",
"From 1965 onwards , the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings , including the albums Rubber Soul -LRB- 1965 -RRB- , Revolver -LRB- 1966 -RRB- , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band -LRB- 1967 -RRB- , The Beatles -LRB- commonly known as the White Album , 1968 -RRB- and Abbey Road -LRB- 1969 -RRB- .",
"After their break-up in 1970 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths .",
"McCartney and Starr , the surviving members , remain musically active .",
"Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980 , and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001 .",
"",
"",
"The Beatles are the best-selling band in history , with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide .",
"They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act .",
"In 2008 , the group topped Billboard magazine 's list of the all-time most successful `` Hot 100 '' artists ; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty .",
"They have received ten Grammy Awards , an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards .",
"The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 , and all four were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015 .",
"They were also collectively included in Time magazine 's compilation of the twentieth century 's 100 most influential people .",
""
]
|
The national tree of Bangladesh is the mango. | Mango | SUPPORTS | [
7
]
| [
"It is the national fruit of India , Pakistan , and the Philippines , and the national tree of Bangladesh ."
]
| [
"Mangoes are juicy stone fruit -LRB- drupe -RRB- from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus Mangifera , cultivated mostly for their edible fruit .",
"The majority of these species are found in nature as wild mangoes .",
"The genus belongs to the cashew family Anacardiaceae .",
"Mangoes are native to South Asia , from where the `` common mango '' or `` Indian mango '' , Mangifera indica , has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most widely cultivated fruits in the tropics .",
"Other Mangifera species -LRB- e.g. horse mango , Mangifera foetida -RRB- are also grown on a more localized basis .",
"",
"",
""
]
|
Iris Murdoch was a writer. | Iris_Murdoch | SUPPORTS | [
1,
3,
4
]
| [
"Her first published novel , Under the Net , was selected in 1998 as one of Modern Library 's 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century .",
"Her books include The Bell -LRB- 1958 -RRB- , A Severed Head -LRB- 1961 -RRB- , The Red and the Green -LRB- 1965 -RRB- , The Nice and the Good -LRB- 1968 -RRB- , The Black Prince -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , Henry and Cato -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , The Sea , the Sea -LRB- 1978 , Booker Prize -RRB- , The Philosopher 's Pupil -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , The Good Apprentice -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , The Book and the Brotherhood -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , The Message to the Planet -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , and The Green Knight -LRB- 1993 -RRB- .",
"In 2008 , The Times ranked Murdoch twelfth on a list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' ."
]
| [
"Dame Jean Iris Murdoch -LRB- -LSB- ˈmɜrdɒk -RSB- 15 July 1919 -- 8 February 1999 -RRB- was an Anglo-Irish novelist and philosopher , best known for her novels about good and evil , sexual relationships , morality , and the power of the unconscious .",
"In 1987 , she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire .",
""
]
|
David Koepp is a director. | David_Koepp | SUPPORTS | [
8
]
| [
"Koepp has directed six films over the course of his career : The Trigger Effect -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Stir of Echoes -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Secret Window -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Ghost Town -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Premium Rush -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Mortdecai -LRB- 2015 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"David Koepp -LRB- born June 9 , 1963 -RRB- is an American screenwriter and director .",
"Koepp is the fifth most successful screenwriter of all time in terms of U.S. box office receipts with a total gross of over $ 2.3 billion .",
"",
"",
"Koepp has achieved both critical and commercial success in a wide variety of genres : thriller , science fiction , comedy , action , drama , crime , superhero , horror , adventure , and fantasy .",
"",
"",
"Some of the best known films he has written include the sci-fi adventure films Jurassic Park -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , The Lost World : Jurassic Park -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull -LRB- 2008 -RRB- ; the action spy films Mission : Impossible -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and Jack Ryan : Shadow Recruit -LRB- 2014 -RRB- ; the superhero film Spider-Man -LRB- 2002 -RRB- ; the sci-fi disaster film War of the Worlds -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and the mystery thriller Angels & Demons -LRB- 2009 -RRB- .",
""
]
|
A block is also called a "swat." | Block_-LRB-basketball-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
10
]
| [
"Nicknames for blocked shots include `` rejections , '' `` stuffs , '' `` bushed '' , `` fudged '' , or notably `` double-fudged '' -LRB- two-handed blocks -RRB- , `` facials , '' `` swats , '' `` denials , '' and `` packs . ''"
]
| [
"In basketball , a block or blocked shot occurs when a defensive player legally deflects a field goal attempt from an offensive player .",
"The defender is not allowed to make contact with the offensive player 's hand -LRB- unless the defender is also in contact with the ball -RRB- or a foul is called .",
"In order to be legal , the block must occur while the shot is traveling upward or at its apex .",
"A deflected field goal that is made does not count as a blocked shot and simply counts as a successful field goal attempt for shooter plus the points awarded to the shooting team .",
"Every successful blocked shot is counted as a missed field goal attempt for the shooter .",
"Also , on a shooting foul , a blocked shot can not be awarded or counted , even if the player who deflected the field goal attempt is different from the player who committed the foul .",
"If the ball is heading downward when the defender hits it , it is ruled as goaltending and counts as a made basket .",
"Goaltending is also called if the block is made after the ball bounces on the backboard -LRB- NFHS excepted ; the NCAA also used this rule until the 2009 -- 10 season -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"Blocked shots were first officially recorded in the NBA during the 1973 -- 74 season .",
"",
"",
"Largely due to their height and position near the basket , centers and power forwards tend to record the most blocks , but shorter players with good jumping ability can also be blockers , an example being Dwyane Wade , the shortest player , at 6 ' 4 '' , to record 100 blocked shots in a single season .",
"A player with the ability to block shots can be a positive asset to a team 's defense , as they can make it difficult for opposing players to shoot near the basket and by keeping the basketball in play , as opposed to swatting it out of bounds , a blocked shot can lead to a fast break , a skill Bill Russell was notable for .",
"To be a good shot-blocker , a player needs great court sense and timing , and good height or jumping ability .",
"One tactic is that a shot-blocker can intimidate opponents to alter their shots , resulting in a miss .",
""
]
|
Paul Pogba made it to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final with the Juventus team. | Paul_Pogba | SUPPORTS | [
6
]
| [
"In 2016 , Pogba was named to the 2015 UEFA Team of the Year as well as the 2015 FIFA FIFPro World XI , after helping Juventus to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final ."
]
| [
"Paul Labile Pogba -LRB- born 15 March 1993 -RRB- is a French professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Manchester United and the France national team .",
"He operates primarily as a central midfielder and is comfortable playing both in attack and defence .",
"",
"",
"After beginning his career with Manchester United in 2011 , Pogba joined Italian side Juventus in 2012 , and helped the club to four consecutive Serie A titles , as well as two Coppa Italia and two Supercoppa Italiana titles .",
"During his time with the club , he established himself as one of the most promising young players in the world , and received the Golden Boy award in 2013 , followed by the Bravo Award in 2014 and was named by The Guardian as one of the ten most promising young players in Europe .",
"Despite leaving Manchester United on a free transfer , Pogba returned to the club in 2016 for a world record transfer fee of $ 105 million -LRB- # 89.3 million -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"Internationally , at under-20 level , he captained his nation to victory at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup and took home the Best Player award for his performances during the tournament .",
"He made his debut for the senior French national team on 22 March 2013 in a 3 -- 1 win against Georgia , and scored his first World Cup goal on 30 June 2014 against Nigeria ; he was awarded the Best Young Player Award for his performances at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , after reaching the quarter-final .",
"He later represented his nation at UEFA Euro 2016 on home soil , where he scored one goal as his team reached the final .",
""
]
|
Leslie Howard was an actor. | Leslie_Howard_-LRB-actor-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
3
]
| [
"Howard had movie roles in many other notable films , including : Berkeley Square -LRB- 1933 -RRB- , Of Human Bondage -LRB- 1934 -RRB- , The Scarlet Pimpernel -LRB- 1934 -RRB- , The Petrified Forest -LRB- 1936 -RRB- , Pygmalion -LRB- 1938 -RRB- , Intermezzo -LRB- 1939 -RRB- , `` Pimpernel '' Smith -LRB- 1941 -RRB- and The First of the Few -LRB- 1942 -RRB- , receiving two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor ."
]
| [
"Leslie Howard -LRB- born Leslie Howard Steiner , 3 April 18931 June 1943 -RRB- was an English stage and film actor , director and producer .",
"Howard also wrote many stories and articles for The New York Times , The New Yorker and Vanity Fair .",
"Howard was one of the biggest box-office draws and movie idols of the 1930s but is probably best remembered for playing Ashley Wilkes in Gone with the Wind -LRB- 1939 -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"Howard 's Second World War activities included acting and filmmaking .",
"He was active in anti-German propaganda and rumoured to have been involved with British or Allied Intelligence , sparking conspiracy theories regarding his death in 1943 at the hands of the German Luftwaffe when the British airliner on which he was a passenger was shot down over the Bay of Biscay .",
""
]
|
Avatar: The Last Airbender aired on Nickelodeon. | Avatar-COLON-_The_Last_Airbender | SUPPORTS | [
17
]
| [
"The first season 's success prompted Nickelodeon to order second and third seasons ."
]
| [
"Avatar : The Last Airbender -LRB- Avatar : The Legend of Aang in some regions -RRB- is an American animated television series that aired for three seasons -LRB- referred to as `` books '' in each episode 's title card -RRB- on Nickelodeon from 2005 to 2008 .",
"Avatar : The Last Airbender is set in an Asiatic-like world in which some people are able to manipulate the classical elements by use of psychokinetic variants of Chinese martial arts , known as `` bending '' .",
"The show combines the styles of anime and American cartoons , and relies on the imagery of various East Asian , Inuit , Southeast Asian , South Asian , and New World societies .",
"Therefore , whether or not the series can be considered as an anime work is often discussed .",
"",
"",
"The series follows the adventures of protagonist twelve-year-old Aang and his friends , who must bring peace and unity to the world by ending the Fire Lord 's war against the other three nations .",
"",
"The pilot episode first aired on February 21 , 2005 , and the series concluded with a widely praised two-hour episode on July 19 , 2008 .",
"",
"The show is obtainable from various sources , including DVD , the iTunes Store , the Zune Marketplace , the Xbox Live Marketplace , the PlayStation Store , Netflix , Amazon Video , and the Nicktoons Network .",
"",
"",
"Throughout its run , Avatar : The Last Airbender was universally acclaimed by audiences and critics alike .",
"Praises went to the art direction , humor , cultural references , characters , and themes .",
"It was also commercially successful , garnering 5.6 million viewers on its best-rated showing and receiving high ratings in the Nicktoons lineup , even outside of its 6 - to 11-year-old demographic .",
"The series has been nominated for and won awards from the Annie Awards , the Genesis Awards , a Primetime Emmy Award and a Peabody Award , among others .",
"",
"",
"In other media , the series has spawned a critically panned , but financially successful , live-action film , titled The Last Airbender , directed by M. Night Shyamalan ; scaled action figures ; a trading card game ; three video games ; stuffed animals distributed by Paramount Parks and two Lego sets .",
"An art book was also released in mid-2010 .",
"A sequel series , The Legend of Korra , aired from 2012 to 2014 .",
""
]
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Harry Hopman's widow has attended Hopman Cup. | Hopman_Cup | SUPPORTS | [
4
]
| [
"Since the Hopman Cup was founded in 1989 , it has been attended each year by Harry Hopman 's widow , his second wife Lucy , who travels to the tournament annually from her home in the United States ."
]
| [
"The Hopman Cup is an annual international eight-team indoor hardcourt tennis tournament held in Perth , Western Australia in early January -LRB- sometimes commencing in late December -RRB- each year , which plays mixed-gender teams on a country-by-country basis .",
"",
"",
"The championship is named in honour of Harry Hopman -LRB- 1906 -- 1985 -RRB- , an Australian tennis player and coach who guided the country to 15 Davis Cup titles between 1938 and 1969 .",
"",
"",
"The tournament is a sanctioned event in the calendar of the International Tennis Federation -LRB- ITF -RRB- , but while individual player results are tallied , they are not included in the calculation of tennis world rankings .",
"The competition receives extensive television coverage in Australia and is an important lead-up tournament to the Australian Open each January as part of the Australian Open Series .",
"The winning team receives a silver cup perpetual trophy and up to 2014 the winning team members were presented with distinctive individual trophies in the shape of a tennis ball encrusted with diamonds from the Argyle diamond mine in the Kimberley region of Western Australia .",
"In 2014 and 2015 , the individual trophies were created in the shape of an intricate diamond encrusted tennis racket and ball , using just under an ounce of 18-carat white , yellow and rose gold and approximately half an ounce of pink argyle diamonds .",
"These trophies are valued at $ 26,000 .",
"",
"",
"Until 2012 , the Hopman Cup was played at the Burswood Dome .",
"Since 2013 , the Hopman Cup has been played at the Perth Arena .",
""
]
|
Frank Zappa's debut was Freak Out! | Frank_Zappa | SUPPORTS | [
10
]
| [
"His 1966 debut album with the Mothers of Invention , Freak Out !\tthe Mothers of Invention\tthe Mothers of Invention"
]
| [
"Frank Vincent Zappa -LRB- December 21 , 1940 -- December 4 , 1993 -RRB- was an American musician , activist and filmmaker .",
"His work was characterized by nonconformity , free-form improvisation , sound experiments , musical virtuosity , and satire of American culture .",
"In a career spanning more than 30 years , Zappa composed rock , pop , jazz , jazz fusion , orchestral and musique concrète works , and produced almost all of the 60-plus albums that he released with his band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist .",
"Zappa also directed feature-length films and music videos , and designed album covers .",
"He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse rock musicians of his generation .",
"",
"",
"As a self-taught composer and performer , Zappa 's diverse musical influences led him to create music that was sometimes difficult to categorize .",
"While in his teens , he acquired a taste for 20th-century classical composers such as Edgard Varèse , Igor Stravinsky , and Anton Webern , along with 1950s rhythm and blues and doo-wop music .",
"He began writing classical music in high school , while at the same time playing drums in rhythm and blues bands ; later switching to electric guitar .",
", combined songs in conventional rock and roll format with collective improvisations and studio-generated sound collages .",
"He continued this eclectic and experimental approach , irrespective of whether the fundamental format was rock , jazz or classical .",
"",
"",
"Zappa 's output is unified by a conceptual continuity he termed `` Project/Object '' , with numerous musical phrases , ideas , and characters reappearing across his albums .",
"His lyrics reflected his iconoclastic views of established social and political processes , structures and movements , often humorously so .",
"He was a strident critic of mainstream education and organized religion , and a forthright and passionate advocate for freedom of speech , self-education , political participation and the abolition of censorship .",
"Unlike many other rock musicians of his era , he personally disapproved of and seldom used drugs , but supported their decriminalization and regulation .",
"",
"",
"During Zappa 's lifetime , he was a highly productive and prolific artist , earning widespread acclaim from critics and fellow musicians .",
"He had some commercial success , particularly in Europe , and worked as an independent artist for most of his career .",
"He remains a major influence on musicians and composers .",
"His honors include an induction into the 1995 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the 1997 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award .",
"In 2000 , he was ranked number 36 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock .",
"In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine ranked him at number 71 on its list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' , and in 2011 at number 22 on its list of the `` 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' .",
""
]
|
Ruth Negga only acts in Irish cinema. | Ruth_Negga | REFUTES | [
1,
2,
5
]
| [
"She has also played roles in television , such as in the BBC 's mini-series Criminal Justice , RTÉ 's Love/Hate , E4 's Misfits , and ABC 's Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. .",
"In 2016 , she began a starring role as Tulip O'Hare in AMC 's Preacher .",
"For her portrayal of Mildred Loving in Loving -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , Negga was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress , Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama , Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead and Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress , as well as the BAFTA Rising Star Award ."
]
| [
"Ruth Negga -LRB- -LSB- ˈneɪgə -RSB- born 7 January 1982 -RRB- is an Ethiopian born Irish actress , who has appeared in the films Capital Letters -LRB- 2004 -RRB- -LRB- also released as Trafficked in some countries -RRB- , Isolation -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Breakfast on Pluto -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Warcraft -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .",
"",
"",
""
]
|
George VI was succeeded by Mary I. | George_VI | REFUTES | [
28
]
| [
"He was succeeded by his eldest daughter , Elizabeth II ."
]
| [
"George VI -LRB- Albert Frederick Arthur George ; 14 December 1895 -- 6 February 1952 -RRB- was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death .",
"He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth .",
"",
"",
"Known as Albert until his accession , George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria , and was named after his great-grandfather Albert , Prince Consort .",
"As the second son of King George V , he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother , Edward .",
"He attended naval college as a teenager , and served in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during the First World War .",
"In 1920 , he was made Duke of York .",
"He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923 and they had two daughters , Elizabeth and Margaret .",
"In the mid-1920s , he had speech therapy for a stammer , which he never fully overcame .",
"",
"",
"George 's elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII upon the death of their father in 1936 .",
"However , later that year Edward revealed his desire to marry divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson .",
"British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised Edward that for political and religious reasons he could not marry a divorced woman and remain king .",
"Edward abdicated in order to marry , and George ascended the throne as the third monarch of the House of Windsor .",
"",
"",
"During George 's reign , the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated .",
"The parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the country 's constitution on the day of his accession .",
"The following year , a new Irish constitution changed the name of the state to Ireland and established the office of President .",
"From 1939 , the Empire and Commonwealth -- except Ireland -- was at war with Nazi Germany .",
"War with Italy and Japan followed in 1940 and 1941 , respectively .",
"Though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945 , the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined .",
"After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947 , George remained king of both countries , but relinquished the title of Emperor of India in June 1948 .",
"Ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1949 , and India became a republic within the Commonwealth the following year .",
"George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth .",
"He was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign .",
""
]
|
Psychological findings link to research and perspectives from an academic discipline. | Psychology | SUPPORTS | [
13
]
| [
"Psychology has been described as a `` hub science '' , with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences , natural sciences , medicine , humanities , and philosophy ."
]
| [
"Psychology is the science of behavior and mind , embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought .",
"It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases .",
"",
"",
"In this field , a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social , behavioral , or cognitive scientist .",
"Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior , while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors .",
"",
"",
"Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes , including perception , cognition , attention , emotion -LRB- affect -RRB- , intelligence , phenomenology , motivation -LRB- conation -RRB- , brain functioning , and personality .",
"This extends to interaction between people , such as interpersonal relationships , including psychological resilience , family resilience , and other areas .",
"Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind .",
"Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables .",
"In addition , or in opposition , to employing empirical and deductive methods , some -- especially clinical and counseling psychologists -- at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques .",
"",
"",
"While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems , it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity .",
"By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society .",
"The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role , practicing in clinical , counseling , or school settings .",
"Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior , and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings -LRB- e.g. , medical schools , hospitals -RRB- .",
"Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings , or in other areas such as human development and aging , sports , health , and the media , as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law .",
""
]
|
The Beach Boys was an American rock band. | The_Beach_Boys | SUPPORTS | [
23
]
| [
"The group had over eighty songs chart worldwide , thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits -LRB- the most by an American rock band -RRB- , four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart ."
]
| [
"The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne , California , in 1961 .",
"The group 's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian , Dennis , and Carl Wilson ; their cousin Mike Love ; and their friend Al Jardine .",
"Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs , they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era .",
"The group , led by their principal songwriter and producer Brian , pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production , combining their affinities for jazz-based vocal groups , 1950s rock and roll , and black R&B to create their unique sound .",
"He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles , often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways .",
"",
"",
"The Beach Boys began as a garage band managed by the Wilsons ' father Murry , with Brian 's increasingly sophisticated songwriting and recording abilities dominating their creative direction .",
"Emerging at the vanguard of the `` California Sound '' , they performed original material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing , cars , and romance .",
"After 1964 , they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics and multi-layered sounds .",
"In 1966 , the Pet Sounds album and `` Good Vibrations '' single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era .",
"Following the dissolution of the group 's Smile project in 1967 , Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band , reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues .",
"The group 's public image subsequently faltered , and despite efforts to continue their psychedelic/avant-garde ventures and reclaim their hippie audiences , they were dismissed as an embodiment of the values and outlooks shared by early 1960s white , suburban teenagers .",
"",
"",
"The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the band 's transition into an oldies act , a move that was denigrated by critics and many fans .",
"Since the 1980s , much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties , songwriting credits and use of the band 's name transpired .",
"Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998 .",
"After Carl 's death , many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love and Bruce Johnston continued to tour into the 2000s while other members pursued solo projects .",
"Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnston 's band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour , they remain a part of the Beach Boys ' corporation , Brother Records Inc. .",
"",
"",
"The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed , commercially successful , and widely influential bands of all time .",
"The Beach Boys have sold in excess of 100 million records worldwide , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time and are listed at No. 12 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2004 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' .",
"The core quintet of the three Wilsons , Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 .",
""
]
|
Billy Bob Thornton directed a movie. | Billy_Bob_Thornton | SUPPORTS | [
16,
3
]
| [
"Thornton had his first break when he co-wrote and starred in the 1992 thriller One False Move , and came to international attention after writing , directing , and starring in the independent drama film Sling Blade -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , for which he won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor .",
"After Sling Blade , he directed several other films , including Daddy and Them -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , All the Pretty Horses -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and Jayne Mansfield 's Car -LRB- 2012 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"Billy Bob Thornton -LRB- born August 4 , 1955 -RRB- is an American actor , filmmaker , singer , songwriter , and musician .",
"",
"",
"He appeared in several major film roles in the 1990s following Sling Blade , including Oliver Stone 's neo-noir U Turn -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , political drama Primary Colors -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , science fiction disaster film Armageddon -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , which was the highest-grossing film of that year , and the crime drama A Simple Plan -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , which earned him his third Academy Awards nomination .",
"",
"",
"In the 2000s , Thornton achieved further success in starring dramas Monster 's Ball -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , The Man Who Was n't There -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , and Friday Night Lights -LRB- 2004 -RRB- ; comedies Bandits -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Intolerable Cruelty -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , and Bad Santa -LRB- 2003 -RRB- ; and action films Eagle Eye -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and Faster -LRB- 2010 -RRB- .",
"In 2014 , Thornton starred as Lorne Malvo in the first season of the anthology series Fargo , earning a nomination for the Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie at the Emmy Awards and won Best Actor in a Miniseries or TV Film at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards .",
"In 2016 , he starred in an Amazon original series , Goliath about a washed up attorney with a great new case .",
"",
"",
"Thornton has been vocal about his disrespect for celebrity culture , choosing to keep his life out of the public eye .",
"However , the attention of the media has proven unavoidable in certain cases , his marriage to Angelina Jolie being a notable example .",
"Thornton has appeared in at least one film per year nearly every year since 1991 .",
"Thornton has written a variety of films , usually set in the Southern United States and mainly co-written with Tom Epperson , including A Family Thing -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and The Gift -LRB- 2000 -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"Thornton has received the President 's Award from the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy & Horror Films , a Special Achievement Award from the National Board of Review , and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .",
"He has also been nominated for an Emmy Award , four Golden Globes , and three Screen Actors Guild Awards .",
"In addition to film work , Thornton began a career as a singer-songwriter .",
"He has released four solo albums and is the vocalist of the blues rock band The Boxmasters .",
""
]
|
The Ren & Stimpy Show premiered on August 11, 1991. | The_Ren_&_Stimpy_Show | SUPPORTS | [
2
]
| [
"It premiered on August 11 , 1991 as one of the original three Nicktoons , along with Rugrats and Doug ."
]
| [
"The Ren & Stimpy Show , often simply called Ren & Stimpy , is an American children 's / adult animated television series created by John Kricfalusi for Nickelodeon .",
"The series follows the adventures of title characters Ren , an emotionally unstable chihuahua , and Stimpy , a good-natured , dimwitted cat .",
"Throughout its run , the show was controversial for its off-color humor , sexual innuendo , dark humor , adult jokes , and violence , similar to Rocko 's Modern Life .",
"This controversy contributed to the production staff 's altercations with Nickelodeon 's Standards and Practices department .",
"The show ended on December 16 , 1995 , with a total of five seasons and 52 episodes .",
"",
"",
"Ren & Stimpy received mixed to very positive reviews during its original run then later widespread critical acclaim after its run , and has developed a cult following .",
"The series is often cited as paving the way for animated shows like Beavis and Butt-Head and South Park .",
"A spin-off for adult audiences , Ren & Stimpy `` Adult Party Cartoon '' , aired in 2003 on Spike , but was cancelled soon after its debut .",
""
]
|
Courteney Cox has always refused to play Gale Weathers. | Courteney_Cox | REFUTES | [
1
]
| [
"She is best known for her roles as Monica Geller on the NBC sitcom Friends , Gale Weathers in the horror series Scream , and Jules Cobb in the ABC/TBS sitcom Cougar Town , for which she earned her first Golden Globe nomination ."
]
| [
"Courteney Bass Cox -LRB- born June 15 , 1964 -RRB- is an American actress , producer , and director .",
"Cox also starred in the FX series Dirt .",
"She owns a production company , called Coquette Productions , which was created by Cox and her then-husband David Arquette .",
"Cox also worked as a director on her sitcom Cougar Town and the television film Talhotblond .",
""
]
|
Abraham Lincoln had at least one rival. | Abraham_Lincoln | SUPPORTS | [
10
]
| [
"In 1858 , while taking part in a series of highly publicized debates with his opponent and rival , Democrat Stephen A. Douglas , Lincoln spoke out against the expansion of slavery , but lost the U.S. Senate race to Douglas ."
]
| [
"Abraham Lincoln -LRB- -LSB- ˈeɪbrəhæm_ˈlIŋkən -RSB- February 12 , 1809 -- April 15 , 1865 -RRB- was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865 .",
"Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War -- its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral , constitutional , and political crisis .",
"In doing so , he preserved the Union , paved the way to the abolition of slavery , strengthened the federal government , and modernized the economy .",
"",
"",
"Born in Hodgenville , Kentucky , Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana .",
"Largely self-educated , he became a lawyer in Illinois , a Whig Party leader , and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives , in which he served for eight years .",
"Elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846 , Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks , tariffs , and railroads .",
"Because he had originally agreed not to run for a second term in Congress , and because his opposition to the Mexican -- American War was unpopular among Illinois voters , Lincoln returned to Springfield and resumed his successful law practice .",
"Reentering politics in 1854 , he became a leader in building the new Republican Party , which had a statewide majority in Illinois .",
"",
"",
"In 1860 , Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state .",
"Though he gained very little support in the slaveholding states of the South , he swept the North and was elected president in 1860 .",
"Lincoln 's victory prompted seven southern slave states to form the Confederate States of America before he moved into the White House -- no compromise or reconciliation was found regarding slavery and secession .",
"Subsequently , on April 12 , 1861 , a Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to enthusiastically rally behind the Union .",
"As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican Party , Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans , who demanded harsher treatment of the South , War Democrats , who called for more compromise , anti-war Democrats -LRB- called Copperheads -RRB- , who despised him , and irreconcilable secessionists , who plotted his assassination .",
"Politically , Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other , by carefully planned political patronage , and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory .",
"His Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of the principles of nationalism , republicanism , equal rights , liberty , and democracy .",
"",
"",
"Lincoln initially concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war .",
"His primary goal was to reunite the nation .",
"He suspended habeas corpus , leading to the controversial ex parte Merryman decision , and he averted potential British intervention in the war by defusing the Trent Affair in late 1861 .",
"Lincoln closely supervised the war effort , especially the selection of top generals , including his most successful general , Ulysses S. Grant .",
"He also made major decisions on Union war strategy , including a naval blockade that shut down the South 's normal trade , moves to take control of Kentucky and Tennessee , and using gunboats to gain control of the southern river system .",
"Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond ; each time a general failed , Lincoln substituted another , until finally Grant succeeded .",
"As the war progressed , his complex moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 ; Lincoln used the U.S. Army to protect escaped slaves , encouraged the border states to outlaw slavery , and pushed through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which permanently outlawed slavery .",
"",
"",
"An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state , Lincoln reached out to the War Democrats and managed his own re-election campaign in the 1864 presidential election .",
"Anticipating the war 's conclusion , Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction , seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness .",
"On April 14 , 1865 , five days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee , Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth , a Confederate sympathizer .",
"",
"",
"Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U.S. presidents .",
""
]
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Al Capone had neurosyphilis. | Al_Capone | SUPPORTS | [
23
]
| [
"He was already showing signs of syphilitic dementia early in his sentence , and he became increasingly debilitated before being released after eight years ."
]
| [
"Alphonse Gabriel Capone -LRB- -LSB- æl_kəˈpoʊn -RSB- January 17 , 1899 -- January 25 , 1947 -RRB- , sometimes known by the nickname Scarface , was an American gangster who attained fame during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit .",
"His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33 years old .",
"",
"",
"Capone was born in Brooklyn in New York City to Italian immigrants .",
"He was considered a Five Points Gang member who became a bouncer in organized crime premises such as brothels .",
"In his early twenties , he moved to Chicago and became bodyguard and trusted factotum for Johnny Torrio , head of a criminal syndicate that illegally supplied alcohol -- the forerunner of the Outfit -- and that was politically protected through the Unione Siciliana .",
"A conflict with the North Side Gang was instrumental in Capone 's rise and fall .",
"Torrio went into retirement after North Side gunmen almost killed him , handing control to Capone .",
"Capone expanded the bootlegging business through increasingly violent means , but his mutually profitable relationships with mayor William Hale Thompson and the city 's police meant that Capone seemed safe from law enforcement .",
"",
"",
"Capone apparently reveled in attention , such as the cheers from spectators when he appeared at ball games .",
"He made donations to various charities and was viewed by many to be a `` modern-day Robin Hood '' .",
"However , the Saint Valentine 's Day Massacre of gang rivals , resulting in the killing of seven men in broad daylight , damaged Chicago 's image -- as well as Capone 's -- leading influential citizens to demand governmental action and newspapers to dub him `` Public Enemy No. 1 '' .",
"",
"",
"The federal authorities became intent on jailing Capone , and they prosecuted him for tax evasion in 1931 , a federal crime and a novel strategy during the era .",
"During the highly publicized case , the judge admitted as evidence Capone 's admissions of his income and unpaid taxes during prior -LRB- and ultimately abortive -RRB- negotiations to pay the government any back taxes he owed .",
"Capone was convicted and sentenced to 11 years in federal prison .",
"After conviction , he replaced his old defense team with experts in tax law , and his grounds for appeal were strengthened by a Supreme Court ruling , but his appeal ultimately failed .",
"",
"",
"On January 25 , 1947 , Capone died of cardiac arrest after suffering a stroke .",
""
]
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Boston is located in the state of Massachusetts on the Shawmut Peninsula. | Boston | SUPPORTS | [
7
]
| [
"One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England ."
]
| [
"Boston -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˈbɒstən -RSB- -RRB- is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States .",
"Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 .",
"The city proper covers 48 mi2 with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015 , making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States .",
"The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a Metropolitan Statistical Area -LRB- MSA -RRB- home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country .",
"Alternately , as a Combined Statistical Area -LRB- CSA -RRB- , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people , making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States .",
"",
"",
"It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston .",
"Upon U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture .",
"Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula .",
"Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year .",
"Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school , Boston Latin School -LRB- 1635 -RRB- , first subway system , the Tremont Street Subway -LRB- 1897 -RRB- , and first public park , Boston Common -LRB- 1634 -RRB- .",
"",
"",
"The area 's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education , including law , medicine , engineering , and business , and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship , with nearly 2,000 startups .",
"Boston 's economic base also includes finance , professional and business services , biotechnology , information technology , and government activities .",
"Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States ; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment .",
"The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification , though it remains high on world livability rankings .",
""
]
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Interstellar is a narrative in a visual medium. | Interstellar_-LRB-film-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
3,
4,
9,
10,
12,
13,
15,
20,
21
]
| [
"Interstellar is a 2014 British-American epic science fiction film directed , co-written , and co-produced by Christopher Nolan .",
"The film stars Matthew McConaughey , Anne Hathaway , Jessica Chastain , Bill Irwin , Casey Affleck , Ellen Burstyn , John Lithgow , and Michael Caine .",
"Nolan produced the film with his wife Emma Thomas through their production company Syncopy and with Lynda Obst through Lynda Obst Productions .",
"Caltech theoretical physicist Kip Thorne , whose work inspired the film , was an executive producer and acted as scientific consultant .",
"Paramount Pictures , Warner Bros. , and Legendary Pictures co-financed the film .",
"Cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema shot the film on 35 mm in anamorphic format and IMAX 70 mm .",
"The film utilized extensive practical and miniature effects , while the company Double Negative created additional digital effects .",
"The film was successful at the box office , with a worldwide gross of over $ 675 million , and received positive reviews , particularly in regards to its science fiction themes , visual effects , musical score , and the cast 's performances .",
"It received several awards and nominations ; at the 87th Academy Awards , the film won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , and was nominated for Best Original Score , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing , and Best Production Design ."
]
| [
"Use mdy dates | date = May 2016 -RCB-",
"",
"",
"Set in a dystopian future where humanity is struggling to survive , it follows a group of astronauts who travel through a wormhole in search of a new home for humanity .",
"",
"",
"Brothers Christopher and Jonathan Nolan wrote the screenplay , which has its origins in a script Jonathan developed in 2007 .",
"Later , he also wrote a tie-in book , The Science of Interstellar .",
"Principal photography commenced in late 2013 in Alberta , Iceland and Los Angeles .",
"",
"",
"Interstellar premiered on October 26 , 2014 in Los Angeles .",
"In the United States , it was first released on film stock , expanding to venues using digital projectors .",
""
]
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Britney Spears titled her fourth studio album Britney. | Britney_Spears | REFUTES | [
6
]
| [
"In 2001 , Spears released her self-titled third studio album , Britney , and played the starring role in the film Crossroads -LRB- 2002 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"Britney Jean Spears -LRB- born December 2 , 1981 -RRB- is an American singer , dancer , and actress .",
"Born in McComb , Mississippi , and raised in Kentwood , Louisiana , she performed acting roles in stage productions and television shows as a child before signing with Jive Records in 1997 .",
"Spears 's first and second studio albums , ... Baby One More Time -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Oops !",
"... I Did It Again -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , became international successes , with the former becoming the best-selling album by a teenage solo artist .",
"Title tracks '' ... Baby One More Time '' and `` Oops !",
"... I Did It Again '' broke international sales records .",
"She assumed creative control of her fourth studio album , In the Zone -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , which yielded the worldwide success of the single `` Toxic '' .",
"",
"",
"In 2007 , Spears 's much-publicized personal issues sent her career into hiatus .",
"Her fifth studio album , Blackout , was released later that year , and spawned singles such as `` Gim me More '' and `` Piece of Me '' .",
"Her erratic behavior and hospitalizations continued through the following year , at which point she was placed under a still ongoing conservatorship .",
"Spears 's sixth studio album , Circus -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , included the international chart-topping single `` Womanizer '' .",
"Her seventh studio album , Femme Fatale -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , became her first to yield three top-ten singles in the United States .",
"She released her eighth studio album Britney Jean in 2013 .",
"Later that year , Spears began the four-year residency show , Britney : Piece of Me , at The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas .",
"In 2016 , Spears released her ninth studio album , Glory .",
"In 2017 , she announced that her residency show would develop into a world tour , Britney : Live in Concert .",
"",
"",
"Spears is regarded as a pop icon and credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s .",
"She became the best-selling teenage artist of all time and garnered honorific titles including the `` Princess of Pop '' .",
"Her work has earned her numerous awards and accolades , including a Grammy Award , six MTV Video Music Awards including the Lifetime Achievement Award , seven Billboard Music Awards including the Millennium Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .",
"In 2009 , Billboard ranked her as the 8th overall Artist of the Decade , and also recognized her as the best-selling female artist of the 2000s , as well as the fifth overall .",
"The Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- lists Spears as the eighth top-selling female artist in the United States , with 34 million certified albums .",
"She has sold over 100 million records worldwide making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time .",
"According to Billboard Spears has sold about 22.38 million singles in digital downloads in US and is the fourth best-selling female artist since Nielsen SoundScan began .",
"",
"",
"Rolling Stone recognized her instant success as one of the Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments of all time , while VH1 ranked her eleventh on their `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' list in 2012 , and Billboard named her the sexiest woman in music .",
"Forbes reported that Spears was the highest paid female musician of 2012 , with earnings of $ 58 million , having last topped the list in 2002 .",
""
]
|
Mike Tyson boxed. | Mike_Tyson | SUPPORTS | [
1,
3,
4,
22,
27,
30
]
| [
"He reigned as the undisputed world heavyweight champion and holds the record as the youngest boxer to win a heavyweight title at 20 years , 4 months and 22 days old .",
"He won the WBC title in 1986 after stopping Trevor Berbick in two rounds , and added the WBA and IBF titles after defeating James Smith and Tony Tucker in 1987 .",
"This made Tyson the first heavyweight boxer to simultaneously hold the WBA , WBC and IBF titles , and the only heavyweight to successively unify them .",
"Tyson retired from professional boxing in 2006 , after being knocked out in consecutive matches against Danny Williams and Kevin McBride .",
"Tyson was well known for his ferocious and intimidating boxing style as well as his controversial behavior inside and outside the ring .",
"Sky Sports rated him as `` the scariest boxer ever , '' and described him as `` perhaps the most ferocious fighter to step into a professional ring . ''\tSky Sports\tSky Sports"
]
| [
"Michael Gerard Tyson -LRB- -LSB- ˈtaɪsən -RSB- born June 30 , 1966 -RRB- is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1985 to 2005 .",
"Tyson won his first 19 professional fights by knockout , 12 of them in the first round .",
"",
"",
"Tyson became the lineal champion in 1988 when he knocked out Michael Spinks in 91 seconds of the first round .",
"He successfully defended his titles nine times , which included victories over Larry Holmes and Frank Bruno .",
"In 1990 , Tyson lost the titles to underdog Buster Douglas , who knocked him out in the tenth round .",
"Attempting to regain the titles , Tyson defeated Donovan Ruddock twice in 1991 , but pulled out of a fight with then-undisputed heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield -LRB- who had defeated Douglas later in 1990 -RRB- due to a rib injury .",
"",
"",
"In 1992 , Tyson was convicted of rape and sentenced to six years in prison , but was released after serving three years .",
"After his release in 1995 , he engaged in a series of comeback fights .",
"He won the WBC and WBA titles in 1996 , after defeating Frank Bruno and Bruce Seldon by knockout .",
"With his defeat of Bruno , Tyson joined Floyd Patterson , Muhammad Ali , Tim Witherspoon , Evander Holyfield , George Foreman as the only men in boxing history to have regained a heavyweight championship after having lost it .",
"After being stripped of the WBC title in the same year , Tyson lost the WBA title to Evander Holyfield by an eleventh-round stoppage .",
"Their infamous 1997 rematch ended when Tyson was disqualified for biting Holyfield 's ears .",
"",
"",
"In 2002 , Tyson fought for the world heavyweight title again at the age of 35 , losing by knockout to Lennox Lewis .",
"Tyson declared bankruptcy in 2003 , despite having received over $ 30 million for several of his fights and $ 300 million during his career .",
"At the time it was reported that he had approximately $ 23 million of debt .",
"",
"",
"Nicknamed `` Iron , '' and `` Kid Dynamite '' in his early career , and later known as `` The Baddest Man on the Planet , '' Tyson is considered one of the best heavyweights of all time .",
"He was ranked No. 16 on The Rings list of 100 greatest punchers of all time , and No. 1 in the ESPN.com list of `` The Hardest Hitters in Heavyweight History . ''\tHeavyweight\tHeavyweight",
"He has been inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the World Boxing Hall of Fame .",
""
]
|
Ellen Burstyn has yet to be nominated for the Emmy Awards. | Ellen_Burstyn | REFUTES | [
11
]
| [
"Burstyn has worked consistently in film , television , and theatre since , receiving multiple awards and nominations along the way , including seven additional Golden Globe Award nominations , five Emmy Award nominations -LRB- two wins -RRB- , and two more Academy Award for Best Actress nominations for her performances in the films Resurrection -LRB- 1980 -RRB- and Requiem for a Dream -LRB- 2000 -RRB- ."
]
| [
"Ellen Burstyn -LRB- née Edna Rae Gillooly ; December 7 , 1932 -RRB- is an American actress .",
"Her career began in theatre during the late 1950s , and over the next decade included several films and television series .",
"",
"",
"Burstyn 's performance in the acclaimed 1971 ensemble drama The Last Picture Show brought her first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination , after which she moved from supporting to leading film and stage roles .",
"Burstyn received a second Academy Award nomination for her lead performance in The Exorcist -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , and won the Academy Award for Best Actress the following year for her work in Martin Scorsese 's Alice Does n't Live Here Anymore .",
"",
"",
"In 1975 , she won the Tony Award for her lead performance in the Broadway production of Same Time , Next Year , and received a Golden Globe Award and a fourth Academy Award nomination for her performance in the 1978 film version of the play .",
"",
"",
"",
"",
"Burstyn is one of the few performers to have won the Triple Crown of Acting .",
"In 2013 , she was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame .",
""
]
|
Gwen Stefani works as a singer. | Gwen_Stefani | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"She is the co-founder and lead vocalist of the band No Doubt that experienced major success after their breakthrough studio album Tragic Kingdom -LRB- 1995 -RRB- along with various successful singles , including `` Just a Girl '' , `` Do n't Speak '' , `` Hey Baby '' , and `` It 's My Life '' ."
]
| [
"Gwen Renée Stefani -LRB- -LSB- gwɛn_ˈstəˈfɑːni -RSB- born October 3 , 1969 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , fashion designer , actress , and television personality .",
"During the band 's hiatus , Stefani embarked on a solo pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album Love .",
"Angel .",
"Music .",
"Baby .",
"Inspired by pop music from the 1980s , the album was met with both critical and commercial success .",
"It spawned three commercially successful singles : `` What You Waiting For ? ''",
", `` Rich Girl '' , and `` Hollaback Girl '' , the latter reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies .",
"In 2006 Stefani released her second studio album The Sweet Escape .",
"The album produced two successful singles : `` Wind It Up '' and the album 's title track `` The Sweet Escape '' .",
"Her third solo album This Is What the Truth Feels Like was released in March 2016 and became her first solo number-one album on the Billboard 200 .",
"",
"",
"Stefani has won three Grammy Awards .",
"As a solo artist she has received various accolades , including an American Music Award , Brit Award , World Music Award and two Billboard Music Awards .",
"In 2003 , she debuted her clothing line L.A.M.B. and expanded her collection with the 2005 Harajuku Lovers line , drawing inspiration from Japanese culture and fashion .",
"Stefani performs and makes public appearances with four back-up dancers known as the Harajuku Girls .",
"She was married to British musician Gavin Rossdale from 2002 to 2015 and they have three sons .",
"Billboard magazine ranked Stefani the 54th most successful artist and 37th most successful Hot 100 artist of the 2000 -- 09 decade .",
"VH1 ranked her 13th on their `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' list in 2012 .",
"Including her work with No Doubt , Stefani has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide .",
""
]
|
James Marsden worked with a director. | James_Marsden | SUPPORTS | [
6,
11
]
| [
"Following his breakthrough in comic book films , Marsden went on to star in various genre films including 2007 's Hairspray which was a critical and commercial success and won many awards for its ensemble cast .",
"Marsden later starred in a range of independent films such as Small Apartments , Bachelorette , and Robot & Frank ."
]
| [
"James Paul Marsden -LRB- born September 18 , 1973 -RRB- is an American actor , singer and former Versace model .",
"Marsden began his acting career guest-starring in television shows Saved by the Bell : The New Class , Touched by an Angel , and Party of Five .",
"He gained prominence with his portrayal of Scott Summers/Cyclops in the X-Men film series and starred in 2006 's Superman Returns .",
"Since 2016 , Marsden has starred as gunslinger Teddy Flood , a sentient android , in the HBO science fiction-western thriller series Westworld , as part of the main ensemble .",
"",
"",
"As Corny Collins , he sang two songs for the film 's soundtrack which has been certified Platinum by the RIAA .",
"He 's had starring roles in family-friendly films such as Enchanted and Hop and leading man roles in 27 Dresses and The Best of Me .",
"",
"",
"He also returned to television guest-starring in Modern Family and playing Liz Lemon 's love interest , Criss Chros in 30 Rock in a supporting role .",
"Marsden then portrayed President John F. Kennedy in Lee Daniels ' The Butler and had a supporting role as an antagonist in Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues .",
""
]
|
James Marsden worked with a director. | Hairspray_-LRB-2007_film-RRB- | SUPPORTS | [
1
]
| [
"Adapted from both Waters 's 1988 script and Thomas Meehan and Mark O'Donnell 's book for the stage musical by screenwriter Leslie Dixon , the 2007 film version of Hairspray was directed and choreographed by Adam Shankman and has an ensemble cast including John Travolta , Michelle Pfeiffer , Christopher Walken , Amanda Bynes , James Marsden , Queen Latifah , Brittany Snow , Zac Efron , Elijah Kelley , Allison Janney and Nikki Blonsky in her feature film debut ."
]
| [
"Hairspray is a 2007 musical romantic comedy film based on the 2002 Broadway musical of the same name , which in turn was based on John Waters ' 1988 comedy film of the same name .",
"Set in 1962 Baltimore , Maryland , the film follows the `` pleasantly plump '' teenager Tracy Turnblad as she pursues stardom as a dancer on a local TV show and rallies against racial segregation .",
"",
"",
"The film began development in 2004 , and Dixon reworked Meehan and O'Donnell 's first draft of the screenplay to tone down the musical 's campiness .",
"In 2005 , Shankman agreed to direct the film .",
"Composer/lyricist Marc Shaiman and lyricist Scott Wittman reworked their songs from the Broadway musical for the film 's soundtrack , and also wrote four new songs for the film .",
"Principal photography commenced in September 2006 and ended in December of that year ; filming took place on locations in Toronto , Ontario and Hamilton , Ontario in Canada and on soundstages at Toronto 's Showline Studios .",
"Recording sessions for the film 's songs and soundtrack took place in Los Angeles , California in the United States .",
"",
"",
"Hairspray premiered on July 13 , 2007 at the Mann Village Theater and was released on July 20 , 2007 in the United States .",
"The film was a critical and financial success , breaking the record for biggest sales at opening weekend for a movie musical , which the film held until July 2008 when it was surpassed by Mamma Mia !\tmusical\tMusical film",
"and later High School Musical 3 : Senior Year in October .",
"Hairspray went on to become the sixth highest grossing musical film in US cinema history , behind the film adaptations of Grease , Chicago , and Mamma Mia !\tHairspray\tHairspray (musical)\tmusical\tMusical film\tGrease\tGrease (film)\tChicago\tChicago (2002 film)",
", and stands as one of the most critically and commercially successful musical films of the last decade .",
"Available in a variety of formats , Hairsprays Region 1 home video release took place on November 20 , 2007 .",
"USA Network purchased the broadcast rights to Hairspray and was scheduled to debut the film on cable television in February 2010 , but in the end it did not broadcast that month , instead the film was pushed back and premiered on USA on July 24 , 2010 , with sister channel Bravo also showing it multiple times , and in February 2011 aired on ABC for over-the-air broadcasts .",
""
]
|
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