morphscore / README.md
catherinearnett's picture
Update README.md
bd39be5 verified
metadata
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
language:
  - ar
  - en
  - de
  - ru
  - tr
  - ab
  - af
  - sq
  - am
  - az
  - bm
  - eu
  - be
  - bn
  - br
  - bg
  - ca
  - zh
  - hr
  - cs
  - da
  - nl
  - et
  - fi
  - fr
  - ceb
  - bur
  - myv
  - gl
  - ka
  - el
  - gu
  - ht
  - he
  - hi
  - hu
  - is
  - id
  - ga
  - it
  - ja
  - kk
  - kpv
  - ko
  - ky
  - lv
  - lt
  - mk
  - ml
  - gv
  - mr
  - mdf
  - 'no'
  - oc
  - ps
  - fa
  - pl
  - pt
  - ro
  - sa
  - gd
  - se
  - sd
  - si
  - sk
  - sl
  - es
  - sr
  - tl
  - ta
  - tt
  - uk
  - ur
  - ug
  - uz
  - vep
  - vi
  - cy
  - wo
  - sah
  - ltg
  - lij
  - hsb
size_categories:
  - 1M<n<10M

MorphScore

MorphScore is a tokenizer evaluation framework, which evaluates the extent to which a tokenizer segments words along morpheme boundaries. This repository contains the datasets used to calculate MorphScore. In total, we have datasetes for 86 languages, but only 70 languages have at least 100 items after filtering.

All datasets are derived from existing Universal Dependencies treebanks. In the table below, we link the source dataset for each language.

See the new preprint for details and see the GitHub repository for details on using MorphScore.

Languages

Language ISO 639-3 ISO 15924 Num. Words Num. Unique Words Data Source(s)
Abkhaz abk cyrl 4518 3222 UD_Abkhaz-AbNC v2.16
Afrikaans afr latn 7011 2093 UD_Afrikaans-AfriBooms v2.16
Albanian sqi (tos) latn 897 702 UD_Albanian-STAF v2.15
Amharic amh ethi 39 9 UD_Amharic-ATT v2.11
Armenian hye armn 18906 8994 UD_Armenian-ArmTDP v2.13 (except test = v2.10)
Azerbaijani aze latn 368 251 UD_Azerbaijani-TueCL v2.16
Bambara bam latn 6849 665 UD_Bambara-CRB v2.13
Basque eus latn 50901 15932 UD_Basque-BDT v2.14
Belarusian bel cyrl 104096 31129 UD_Belarusian-HSE v2.16
Bengali ben beng 102 67 UD_Bengali-BRU v2.11
Bhojpuri bho deva 1371 360 UD_Bhojpuri-BHTB v2.16
Breton bre latn 3054 1021 UD_Breton-KEB v2.12
Bulgarian bul cyrl 44412 15468 UD_Bulgarian-BTB 2.16
Buriat/Buryat bur cyrl 3646 2322 UD_Buryat-BDT v2.11
Cantonese/Yue Chinese yue hant 42 13 UD_Cantonese-HK v2.12
Catalan cat latn 15495 3385 UD_Catalan-AnCora v2.15
Cebuano ceb latn 264 136 UD_Cebuano-GJA v2.15
Mandarin Chinese zho/cmn hans 915 140 UD_Chinese-GSDSimp v2.13
Croatian hrv latn 75681 23363 UD_Croatian-SET v2.11 (except train = v2.13)
Czech ces latn 200387 44025 UD_Czech-CAC v2.16
Danish dan latn 25662 8256 UD_Danish-DDT v2.14
Dutch nld latn 42900 12512 UD_Dutch-Alpino v2.14
English eng latn 31039 5844 UD_English-EWT v2.16
Erzya myv cyrl 8147 4826 UD_Erzya-JR v2.16
Estonian est latn 199597 62170 UD_Estonian-EDT v2.16
Finnish fin latn 99308 41095 UD_Finnish-TDT v2.16
French fra latn 103887 13508 UD_French-GSD v2.16
Galician glg latn 29484 7113 UD_Galician-CTG v2.12
Georgian kat geor 20148 8622 UD_Georgian-GLC v2.16
German deu latn 949279 49239 UD_German-HDT v2.16
Greek ell grek 21428 6986 UD_Greek-GDT v2.16
Gujarati guj gujr 120 81 UD_Gujarati-GujTB v2.14
Haitian Creole hat latn 950 37 UD_Haitian_Creole-Adolphe v2.16
Hebrew heb hebr 43102 9768 UD_Hebrew-HTB v2.15
Hindi hin deva 83865 4749 UD_Hindi-HDTB v2.15
Hungarian hun latn 12349 8103 UD_Hungarian-Szeged v2.11
Icelandic isl latn 329620 40686 UD_Icelandic-IcePaHC v2.16
Indonesian ind latn 16844 3400 UD_Indonesian-GSD v2.16
Irish gle latn 31911 7474 UD_Irish-IDT v2.15
Italian ita latn 73790 10981 UD_Italian-ISDT v2.16
Japanese jpn jpan 16898 5427 UD_Japanese-GSDLUW v2.15
Kazakh kaz cyrl 4200 2738 UD_Kazakh-KTB v2.11
Komi-Zyrian kpv cyrl 2670 2017 UD_Komi_Zyrian-Lattice v2.16
Korean kor hang 239862 86349 UD_Korean-Kaist v2.11
Kirghiz/Kyrgyz kir cyrl 11752 4659 UD_Kyrgyz-KTMU v2.15 (train), v2.16 (test)
Latvian lav latn 141550 40081 UD_Latvian-LVTB v2.16
Lithuanian lit latn 32378 13140 UD_Lithuanian-ALKSNIS v2.16, except test (v2.15)
Macedonian mkd cyrl 285 241 UD_Macedonian-MTB v2.13
Malayalam mal mlym 867 710 UD_Malayalam-UFAL v2.12
Manx glv latn 2299 873 UD_Manx-Cadhan v2.15
Marathi mar deva 1610 663 UD_Marathi-UFAL v2.11
Moksha mdf cyrl 1733 1401 UD_Moksha-JR v2.16
Northern Sami sme latn 10360 5024 UD_North_Sami-Giella v2.15 (train), v2.12 (test)
Norwegian nob latn 87394 15716 UD_Norwegian-Bokmaal v2.16
Occitan oci latn 6751 2561 UD_Occitan-TTB v2.16
Pashto pus arab 779 351 UD_Pashto-Sikaram v2.16
Persian fas arab 102374 14847 UD_Persian-PerDT v2.16, except dev (v2.12)
Polish pol latn 131836 42545 UD_Polish-PDB v2.13
Portuguese por latn 69430 13074 UD_Portuguese-CINTIL v2.13
Romanian ron latn 72968 19108 UD_Romanian-RRT v2.13
Russian rus cyrl 590060 105749 UD_Russian-SynTagRus v2.16
Sanskrit san deva 144583 32671 UD_Sanskrit-Vedic v2.14
Scottish Gaelic gla latn 27181 3495 UD_Scottish_Gaelic-ARCOSG v2.16
Serbian srp latn 37324 12278 UD_Serbian-SET v2.11, except train (v2.13)
Sindhi snd arab 3584 1132 UD_Sindhi-Isra v2.16
Sinhala sin sinh 354 284 UD_Sinhala-STB v2.12
Slovak slk latn 35545 16169 UD_Slovak-SNK v2.16
Slovenian slv latn 93048 32134 UD_Slovenian-SSJ v2.16
Spanish spa latn 134449 17341 UD_Spanish-AnCora v2.15
Swedish swe latn 29514 8135 UD_Swedish-LinES v2.16
Tagalog tgl latn 212 78 UD_Tagalog-Ugnayan v2.6
Tamil tam taml 4499 2178 UD_Tamil-TTB v2.16 (except dev = v2.13)
Tatar tat cyrl 899 708 UD_Tatar-NMCTT v2.11
Turkish tur latn 71984 32587 UD_Turkish-Kenet train (v2.13), dev (v2.10), test (v2.9)
Ukrainian ukr cyrl 44288 21584 UD_Ukrainian-IU v2.11
Urdu urd arab 30825 2450 UD_Urdu-UDTB v2.14
Uighur/Uyghur uig arab 10427 3969 UD_Uyghur-UDT v2.13
Uzbek uzb latn 2466 1934 UD_Uzbek-UT v2.16
Veps vep latn 598 399 UD_Veps-VWT v2.16
Vietnamese vie latn 32 29 UD_Vietnamese-VTB v2.11 (except dev = v2.12)
Welsh cym latn 11781 2860 UD_Welsh-CCG v2.16
Wolof wol latn 9211 1734 UD_Wolof-WTB v2.13
Yakut sah cyrl 479 330 UD_Yakut-YKTDT v2.12
Latgalian ltg latn 69 63 UD_Latgalian-Cairo v2.16
Ligurian lij latn 1318 637 UD_Ligurian-GLT train (v2.9), test (v2.16)
Upper Sorbian hsb latn 3797 2498 UD_Upper_Sorbian-UFAL train (v2.3), test (v2.8)

How to Cite

@inproceedings{arnett2025alignment,
  author = {Arnett, Catherine and Hudspeth, Marisa and O'Connor, Brendan},
  title = {{Evaluating Morphological Alignment of Tokenizers in 70 Languages}},
  year = {2025},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the ICML 2025 Tokenization Workshop (TokShop)},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06378}
}


@inproceedings{arnett-bergen-2025-language,
    title = "Why do language models perform worse for morphologically complex languages?",
    author = "Arnett, Catherine  and
      Bergen, Benjamin",
    editor = "Rambow, Owen  and
      Wanner, Leo  and
      Apidianaki, Marianna  and
      Al-Khalifa, Hend  and
      Eugenio, Barbara Di  and
      Schockaert, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = jan,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Abu Dhabi, UAE",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2025.coling-main.441/",
    pages = "6607--6623"
}