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8,322 | 10,709,809 | 0 | Wisconsin Film Festival | States | wisconsin film festival annual film festival founded festival held every april madison wisconsin recently expanded five day eight day festival present broad range independent american world cinema narrative documentary experimental short restoration revival locally made picture wisconsin filmmaker presented university wisconsin–madisons art institute largest campusbased film festival united state festival play nine theater within walking distance heart state capital city festival opened new zealand documentary topp twin untouchable girl screened film attendance five day highlight include retrospective south korean director bong joonhos four feature film including recent mother special presentation discussion uw–madison graduate michael mann film collateral new york time cochief film critic manohla dargis wisconsin film festival website |
8,323 | 6,207,535 | 0 | Women of Color Film Festival | States | woman color film festival founded organized graduate student university california santa cruz festival programming practice historically avoided judging film good bad included work selftaught filmmaker student emphasis showing range perspective organizer experimented screening film variety space dining hall gymnasium outdoor courtyard offcampus community center list womens film festival |
8,324 | 30,366,389 | 0 | Woods Hole Film Festival | States | wood hole film festival founded judith laster kate davis since foundation festival grown oneday invitational event eightday event film submitted around world festival held year last saturday july first saturday august village wood hole massachusetts festival screen around film culled submission daily screening independent film workshop panel discussion special event reading informal gettogethers wood hole oldest independent film festival cape cod festival dedicated screening work emerging independent filmmakers—with special emphasis new england film filmmakers—it also screen work host filmmaker elsewhere official website chinese movie website animest international film festival |
8,325 | 32,452,453 | 0 | Brazilica Festival | Kingdom | brazilica festival largest celebration brazilian culture united kingdom held annually liverpool england since july produced liverpool carnival company organisation operated registered charity since festival began liverpool reign european capital culture riostyle carnival parade swept street city current format festival consists weeklong celebration brazilian culture including music art food film dance event take place indoor venue across city build outdoor city centre carnival street party take place williamson square samba carnival parade liverpool samba school set husband wife creative team roger maeve morris school performed rio carnival wanted bring touch carnival magic street city creative team established liverpool carnival company aim delivering carnival event following year first official carnival parade took place saturday august part european capital culture celebration performer across uk brazil mangueira netherlands ireland germany spain taking part parade led evening street party held iconic liverpool music venue picket similar event followed saturday august slightly earlier date saturday july first carnival queen competition held went become popular annual fixture festival calendar parade participant sambatuc paris paraiso school samba london oyá batucada birmingham republic swing manchester cordoa de ouro capoeira liverpoolmanchester oxiris wirral manchester school samba batala liverpool liverpool samba school st peter paul’s samba group widnes decided expand annual parade weekend activity celebrating culture brazil greater depth point festival became known brazilica one notable addition festival positioning music stage latin american food festival market place city centre location williamson square took place day annual carnival parade instead finishing picket previous year parade came end williamson square performer took stage close festival anticipation brazil playing host fifa world cup festival also host soccer zone clayton square area city centre programme delivered liverpool fc liverpool afc liverpool homeless fc brazilian soccer school since festival also continued host annual carnival queen dance competition hosted inaugural carnival ball event remain popular annual event taking place festival brazilica festival teamed festinho open weekend club night cream nightclub featuring dj including norman jay dj marky festival attracted visitor making officially largest samba carnival uk announcement made october brazilica would expand weeklong cultural festival taking place friday july friday july annual city centre samba carnival parade would take place saturday july parade participant sargento pimenta rio paraiso school samba london london school samba london rhythm city london liverpool samba school liverpool manchester school samba manchester hull samba hull oxiris wirral karamba samba chester grupo sambafriq chorley batala liverpool liverpool arco iris cambridge oya batucada birmingham nottingham school samba nottingham festival due take place july postponed july coronavirus pandemic date postponed reason |
8,326 | 56,541,261 | 0 | Birmingham Comedy Festival | Kingdom | birmingham comedy festival annual art festival city birmingham festival take place throughout city day october primarily focused standup comedy also includes film theatre cabaret visual art spoken word music dance birmingham comedy festival drawing attention city vibrant often unsung comedy scene since debut festival hit road running thanks appearance peter kay sean lock since festival grown one largest independent art festival region bbc birmingham reported people attended festival year michael mcintyre headlined run show city national indoor arena year festival attracted biggest name comedy including lenny henry michael mcintyre lee evans peter kay jimmy carr sarah millican act city surrounding area key focus festival repeat appearance local comic joe lycett janice connolly aka mr barbara nice jo enright james cook josh pugh gareth berliner andy white others key venue include glee club birmingham town hall symphony hall birmingham mac birmingham old rep old joint stock theatre cherry red victoria pub electric birmingham comedy club around city regular event include birmingham comedy festival breaking talent award birmingham comedy festival free halfdayers introduced running across two venue john bright street festival whats reader award best midland art cultural festival covering west midland county warwickshire shropshire staffordshire worcestershire best birmingham art festival festival retained award responding pandemic festival shifted emphasis online activity programme consisted series unique intervention excursion included various streamed show radio series podcasts participant included musician dan whitehouse created new soundtrack charlie chaplin vagabond film nightingale laura lexx acclaimed birmingham street artist foka wolf birmingham comedy festival breaking talent award introduced open new emerging early career act west midland inclusion invitationonly competition take place first friday festival glee club annual competition aim recognise support breaking talent region offering winner vital stepup comedy career ladder josh pugh title went crowned english comedian year award temporarily paused due covid pandemic returned winner follows andrew mcburney josh pugh harvey hawkins kai samra laura monmoth celya ab award due covid hannah weetman hasan alhabib tom towelling following act also commended good kid mary flanigan dom bant whats reader award best midland art cultural festival best birmingham art festival winner two category whats reader award best midland art cultural festival winner whats reader award best birmingham art festival winner whats reader award best midland art cultural festival best birmingham art festival shortlisted two category whats reader award best midland art festival winner whats reader award best festival birmingham runner whats reader award best art festival runner festival company performed scriptinhand stage adaptation goon show featuring two script spike milligan phantom head shaver brighton canal company revived goon midland tour included two sellout performance midland art centre birmingham tour focused two milligan episode house teeth jet propelled guided naafi centenary west midsborn goon show cowriter larry stephen celebrated performance two cowrites seagoon memoir moriarty murder mystery written maurice wiltshire among cast talksport presenter ian danter year second goon show run company premiered two lost radio script written tony hancock comedy writer larry stephen lost hancock vacant lot genteel comedy described wonderful express star performance followed including sellout appearance british library among cast actress janice connolly impressionist james hurn festival launched first podcast great larry stephen mystery forgotten black country writer changed british comedy forever miniaudio documentary exploring life larry stephen featuring audio recorded live vacant lot performance official website birmingham comedy festival facebook |
8,327 | 15,753,119 | 0 | Camden Fringe | Kingdom | camden fringe comedy festival london taking place four week summer alternative edinburgh fringe first camden fringe took place etcetera theatre camden fringe sold ticket performance across venue performance camden fringe include standup revival classical play new writing musical comedy camden fringe set zena barrie michelle flower alright ltd produced comedy edinburgh fringe festival ran etcetera theatre camden first camden fringe took place august etcetera theatre included performance act week period liberty known camden head camden comedy club added cabaret style venue camden people theatre joined performance across three venue four week roundhouse studio added th largest space staged performance different show sold ticket festival hosted sixteen venue northdown ace eight camden comedy club camden people theatre canal cafe theatre cockpit comedy cabin etcetera theatre hen chicken hope theatre lion unicorn theatre london irish centre museum comedy theatre deli broadgate upstairs gatehouse water rat london festival fringe edinburgh festival camden head greater manchester fringe camden fringe website |
8,328 | 29,411,002 | 0 | Hoffnung Music Festival | Kingdom | hoffnung music festival series humorous classical music festival created cartoonist amateur tuba player gerard hoffnung held royal festival hall london concert consisted humorous work specially commissioned wellknown composer day concert recorded available american market angel record music hoffnung music festival concert royal festival hall london extravagant evening symphonic caricature devised gerald hoffnung producer sam wanamaker organizer john amis recorded concert november emi released u angel record orchestra morley college orchestra billed hoffnung symphony orchestra concert open ernst bean general manager festival hall announcing “owing circumstance london county council management hall control tonight’s concert take place exactly advertised” programme fanfare francis baines trumpeter royal military school music conducted composer work begin long drumroll tricking audience rising national anthem following malcolm arnold entrance violinist yfrah neaman ran stage playing irish washerwoman grand grand overture op malcolm arnold conducted composer addition large orchestra overture consists quartet vacuum cleaner electric floor polisher work dedicated president hoover andante ”surprise” symphony joseph haydn additional surprise donald swann conducted lawrence leonard version already humorous work consists surprise one festival hall organ pipe falling orchestra hit fortissimo surprise chord violin playing wrong key twice new waltz variation ballerina moyra fraser dancing isle ending member bbc music division playing theme stone hot water bottle lift donald swann text john betjeman singer jenny johnson piano donald swann mazurka minor op frédéric chopin arr daniel abrams tuba quartet introduced gerard hoffnung performed gerard hoffnung member london symphony orchestra new york concerto popolare piano concerto end piano concerto franz reizenstein piano yvonne arnaud conducted norman del mar concerto start orchestra playing opening bar tchaikovsky piano concerto pianist enter opening grieg piano concerto minor rest concerto combine two concerto one mixing theme pop go weasel roll barrell ending conductor soloist fighting last chord orchestral switch frank butterworth conducted lawrence leonard short overture consisting fortyeight quotation work according program try spot many usual prize offered geographical fugue ernst toch liverpool chamber music group singer conducted fritz spiegel work form fugue consists choir declaiming various place without variance pitch concerto hosepipe orchestra rd movement leopold mozart arr norman del mar hosepipe dennis brain conducted norman del mar transcription last movement leopold mozart sinfonia pastorella alphorn string lochinvar speaker percussion humphrey searle text sir walter scott speaker yvonne arnaud gerard hoffnung conducted lawrence leonard one point score composer indicates tempo di rock n roll variation annie laurie gordon jacob theme alerto non troppo variation poco inglesemente variation ii molto zingaresemente variation iii alla gigolo variation iv polifonia profunda finale assai festival ensemble conducted composer work scored unusual combination two piccolo heckelphone two contrabass clarinet two contrabassoon serpent contrabass serpent hurdy gurdy harmonium subcontrabass tuba roman festival ottorino respighi conducted lawrence leonard although humorous work performance featured several distinguished guest playing orchestra including malcolm arnold trumpet norman del mar french horn yvonne arnaud piano dennis brain organ hugo dalton mandolin gerard hoffnung tuba liner note written john amis one organizer event wrote called crazy concert london newspaper odd seat sold within two hour opening box office breaking record royal festival hall time selling faster previous liberace concert production hoffnung interplanetary music festival royal festival hall november emi recording american market angel released mono stereo programme introductory music played foyer francis chagrin musician royal military school music name suggests piece played foyer audience walking concert hall recording edited way sound though one walking past musician hall hoffnung festival overture francis baines conducted composer trumpeter royal military school music organ john week metamorphosis bedtime theme joseph horovitz libretto alistair sampson conducted composer soprano april cantelo bassbaritone ian wallace harpsichord lionel salter series five musical commercial bournvita style bach mozart verdi schoenberg stravinsky concerto conductor orchestra francis chagrin conducted gerard hoffnung maestro work mostly relies visual humor abridged recording throughout concert hoffnung demonstrates unorthodox conducting skill conducting total silence sobbing stage engaging sword fight joseph cooper piano work also includes cadenza consists conductor waving arm around carelessly orchestra remains silent according program televise entire symphony concert advise viewer deaf switch sound sugar plum elizabeth poston dolmetsch ensemble mashup various theme tchaikovsky arranged renaissance ensemble cannon would presented overture replaced popgun burlesque music theater aaron copland conducted composer united nation malcolm arnold conducted composer work composer seek recreate fine spirit human endeavour becomes apparent nation meet together one point huge military band wanders stage blasting several patriotic song famous tay whale mátyás seiber text william mcgonagall declaimed edith evans conducted composer scoring work includes large foghorn played annetta hoffnung gerard hoffnungs wife waltz restricted orchestra peter racine fricker conducted composer work involves string playing every way except normal fashion woodwind brass playing mouthpiece without instrument attached punkt contrapunkt bruno heinz jaja alias humphrey searle conducted norman del mar short parody tone serial music klangfarbenmelodie work preceded overly long analysis dr klaus domgraffassbaender gerard hoffnung prof von der vogelweide john amis let fake opera tale hoffnung franz reizenstein libretto william mann hoffnung festival opera chorus conducted norman del mar assisted brian priestman set instrument eric wetherell produced colin graham concert close operatic divertissement miracle controlled stagecraft five opera price one plot opera setting outside cigarette factory old nuremburg beckmesser woos azucena sexkitten tobacco girl othello ride swan chased away william tell max huntsman othello retiring defeated hunt meet salome removal veil prof fidelio sings stupor brünnhilde search husband disappointed – fidelio woman disguise – even rival serenaders hope turn wooing mélisande however get man – radames – end fidelio awakens departs brünnhilde’s tricycle grane leaving frustrated nightwatchman steal well deserved wink vacated bed … etc etc role production hoffnung memorial concert memorial tribute gerard hoffnung died year earlier held royal festival hall performed morley college orchestra work performed included hoffnung fanfare carnival animal malcolm arnold production hoffnung astronautical music festival held royal festival hall november also recorded emi mono stereo released u angel record recording reissued cd hallmark february programme rigmarole introductory music played foyer francis baines musician royal military school music festival anthem francis baines conducted norman del mar trumpeter royal military school music hoffnung festival choral society leonora overture ludwig van beethoven alias malcolm arnold conducted norman del mar trumpeter royal military school music modeled beethoven leonora overture work present bizarre twist including offstage trumpeter entering wrong time happy wanderer street band interrupting music orchestra suddenly plunging place waltz rhythm actual composer named program work malcolm arnold unmistakable duet barber darmstadt bruno heinz jaja alias humphrey searle translation german libretto william mann conducted humphrey searle herr knochen owen brannigan der redepartner john amis hoffnung festival choral society like punkt contrapunkt duet parody tone serial music ballad county francis chagrin conducted composer speaker forbes robinson key work mostly major work crescendo dramatic countdown seeing space craft rage time concert mixed theme flight bumblebee yankee doodle grand concerto gastronomique eater waiter food large orchestra malcolm arnold conducted composer eater henry sherek waiter tutte lemkow work present audio recording due extreme visual humor work center around diner eat way entire meal duration piece ”excerpt” belshazzar feast william walton conducted composer fly swatter turned consist single chord chorus shouting slain horrortorio joseph horovitz libretto alistair sampson hoffnung festival choral society conducted composer harpsichord lionel salter role extravagant oratorio taken scenario maurice richardson tell story marriage dracula daughter frankenstein son music parody classical oratorio taking new horrible dimension mobile seven orchestra lawrence leonard hoffnung festival choral society trumpeter royal military school music conducted composer others organ lionel salter opposite static player remain stage throughout work short piece member orchestra moving stage faithfully following respective conductor february hoffnung concert staged royal festival hall aid notting hill housing trust included work festival new work celebrate hoffnung conductor work norman del mar new philharmonia orchestra several singer returned spelling punctuation programme note programme word founder malcolm williamson introducted composer metamorphosis bedtime theme conducted composer soprano april cantelo bassbaritone ian wallace harpsichord courtney kenny sugar plum dolmetsch ensemble concerto popolare piano bernard sumner punkt contrapunkt concerto conductor orchestra conducted dudley moore let fake opera role according programme twominute period allocated concert organiser community coughing promising cough please try save december hoffnung concert staged royal albert hall entitled hear hear hoffnung featuring bbc concert orchestra well several distinguished conductor performer programme hoffnung fanfare malcolm arnold fanfare trumpeter life guard grenadier guard coldstream guard conducted major aj richards work scored trumpet ode colin graham declaimed annette crosbie grand grand overture conducted composer vacuum cleaner soloist none amadeus quartet rifleman th battalion metamorphosis bedtime theme conducted composer soprano april cantelo bassbaritone ian wallace sugar plum haydn surprise symphony conducted donald swann ocarina patrick moore william mann bottle player barabara kelly sylvia rogers humpherey burton eric thompson john calder robert ponsonby angus mcgill united nation band royal life guard grenadier guard coldstream guard conducted jonathan del mar punkt contrapunkt introduced john amis john bird conducted christopher adey concerto popolare piano daniël wayenberg conducted simon rattle let fake opera member english music theatre chorus ballet conducted lawerence leonard february two reprise concert performed recorded royal festival hall released decca many distinguished guest appeared including donald swann annetta hoffnung playing role orchestral maid gerards daughter emily program performed philharmonia orchestra conducted michael massey tom bergman consisted highlight previous hoffnung festival well new piece keep audience toe programme hoffnung festival fanfare frank renton trumpeter royal military school music conducted composer grand grand overture vacuum cleaner jane glover christopher laing bill oddie donald swann concerto hosepipe orchestra hosepipe richard watkins ballad county famous tay whale speaker eleanor bron foghorn esther rantzen aria quasimodo e giulietta act scene giacomo scarlatina new realisation maynard nelson alias wilfred joseph tenor christoph ellermeier conducted mark fitzgerald music consists mashup several opera melody libretto mashup various italian musical term leonora overture work played audience member raimund herincx cough rather loudly checked nurse jill gomez sing hilarious operatic duet lochinvar speaker emily richard ian wallace concerto popolare piano david owen norris concerto d’amore violin orchestra wilfred joseph violin jagdish mistry unexpectedly candida thompson piece start concert manager announcing due booking error two violin scheduled concert order avoid legal proceeding manager decide play concerto end female violinist bow last harmonic male violinist finger fall kiss overture “the heaving bagpipe” wilfred joseph text tom bergman speaker raimund herincx called part music sound suspiciously similar rossini overture thieving magpie haydn surprise symphony ballerina rachel hester oliphant chuckerbutty ensemble child fleet primary school direction dr steven paul bottle player bamber gascoigne emily hoffnung john lil michael mate mp sybil michelow patrick moore gerald priestland desmond wilcox metamorphosis bedtime theme conducted composer soprano felicity lott baritone david wilsonjohnson orchestral switch disconcerto piano orchestra wilfred joseph piano david owen norris work played annetta wipe key piano french horn blare wagner overture tannhauser performance lochinvar heaving bagpipe preceded bagpipe solo performed lachlan stewart john olondons volume hoffnung gerard hoffnung music festival publisher hoffnung partnership isbn hoffnung music festival concert recorded royal festival hall london angel record lp hoffnung interplanetary music festival royal festival hall november angel record lp httpwwwmusicwebinternationalcomclassrevnovhoffnungconcertshtmixzzsuhhgj httpsgerardhoffnungcomconcerts httpsccgborgukwordpressp |
8,329 | 13,218,562 | 0 | Hull Comedy Festival | Kingdom | hull comedy festival annual event take place kingston upon hull england hull comedy festival established local businessman john gilbert received funding hull business improvement district develop sustainable event would benefit evening economy john gilbert handed rein hull comedy festival c comedy rtce production however john gilbert resumed role director hull comedy festival support team volunteer festival ran october november featured seventy performer forty event john gilbert launch hull comedy festival assembled team sponsor volunteer performer included russell howard stewart lee justin moorhouse lucy porter trevor lock frank sidebottom john shuttleworth ivan brackenbury varied range famous local touring act hull bloke live naked idiot including comedy magician alan hudson masked dan andy train scarlet light theatre company amongst local performer also appeared participating venue included hull truck theatre quality royal hotel lamp new clarence northern academy performing art tiger lair pave octagon freedom centre durty nelly’s dorchester hotel punchbowl piper cineworld university hull street comedy performance also scheduled take place queen victoria square st stephen city centre festival taster also featured itv festival ran october november year hull comedy festival became east yorkshire largest ticket festival increase sale led ticket sold paddy mcguinness frankie boyle pete firman russell howard jason manford keith chegwin russell kane performed billed difficult second festival whilst local act created green helmet day festival anthem delivered partnership hull city centre bid eskimosoup hull colour page st stephen support dozen local company organisation festival ran october november organised eskimosoup partnership hull business improvement district kcfm hull colour page performer included alistair mcgowan al murray rich hall keith chegwin show included stage comedy little shop horror adaptation tv sitcom porridge starring shaun williamson festival director john gilbert hailed festival satisfying yet due high audience figure throughout programme well several successful community project festival hosted multiple community project aimed improving health boosting confidence festival took place october november organised eskimosoup jon reed creative director performer included sarah millican milton jones ross noble mark watson joe pasquale greg davy phil cool organiser claim ticket target sold festival become commercial success well annual highlight creative community festival voted hull second favourite festival user karoocouk short listed visit hull east yorkshire remarkable tourism award week event iscream creates festival venue big success john gilbert hand festival successor festival ran october november new direction rich quelch took festival director assistance creative consultant c comedy rtce production performer included tim minchin tommy tiernan andy parson paul zerdin joe pasquale lee hurst jerry sadowitz however act also festival ran october november year comedy festival included performer al murray rhod gilbert frankie boyle hairy bikers stewart francis kevin bridge vikki stone ross noble ticket sold thousand pound raised charity year festival returned fresh new face direction c comedy rtce production ran november performer including jack dee alan davy josh widdicombe jonny baptist tony law sean lock name also first year festival funny free fringe bringing free show year hull comedy festival scaled back lead promoter cancel many show jon richardson lucy beaumont amongst remaining performance local act fan rallied together help save festival aim bring back stronger year festival founder john gilbert taken back role director supported team volunteer take place november far act alan carr bill bailey dara ó briain horrible history alfie moore joe lycett however yet confirmed competition started form part festival cash prize trophy awarded winner st friz frizzle st tom taylor st hayley elli st jay hampson st sam brady st gareth urwin nd andrew ryan st sam gore nd ben harland st mick sergeant hullcomedycouk official website |
8,330 | 5,829,503 | 0 | Leicester Comedy Festival | Kingdom | leicester comedy festival annual comedy festival held number venue across leicester england early year early de montfort university art administration student geoff rowe proposed project lecturer set run comedy festival leicester rowe called tony slattery harry hill matt lucas inaugural leicester comedy festival event venue ticket first leicester mercury comedian year award given stevie knuckle best young comedian later awarded johnny vega jason manford josh widdicombe romesh ranganathan leicester comedy fringe event occur loughborough lutterworth foxton coalville leicester comedy festival europe largest longestrunning comedy festival show venue rowe founded leicester comedy festival big difference company charity providing opportunity young people learn comedy address health inequality improve people’s wellbeing launching big difference venue coming comedy leicester eshaan akbar jo brand sikisa stewart lee patron leicester comedy festival joining tony slattery festival attracts people world seen one top comedy festival world since many top standup comedian performed festival including jo brand jack dee dave gorman rory bremner simon pegg alan davy bill bailey mighty boosh johnny vega rich hall jimmy carr dara ó briain russell howard dave spikey harry hill greg davy sarah millican romesh ranganathan main programme also complemented workshop outdoor street event encourage development comedy skill every year towards end festival leicester mercury comedian year announced begin festival lasted seven day duration increased day day increased day festival staged covid pandemic took place online saw inaugural uk pun championship festival hosted lee nelson winner darren walsh competition included line computer got miley virus stopped twerking leo kearse beat competition fellow comedian rob thomas reigning champion darren walsh become uk pun champion leo contest joke hospital last week asked nurse could stitch said “suture self” growing farm dad always telling use indoor toilet preferred go grain saw return uk pun championship hosted lee nelson year winner west midland comedian masai graham joke whats difference hippo zippo one really heavy little lighter love playing pga golf say weak shot green would putting mildly uk pun championship saw new location de montfort hall host jason byrne also saw introduction new layout show pun offs taking place within boxing ring constructed within centre stall lovdev barpaga aka punjabi warrior julian lee final lovdevs joke included pakistani pirate urdu think argh think colombian neighbour drug lord car tell uk pun championship returned de montfort hall boxing ring host jason byrne february beaten leo kearse rob thomas returned beat nd time finalist julian lee title rob thomas pun included leicester league mum bought candle celebrate languishes middle table brexit like catheter britain longer continent comedy dark little theatre leicester official site news interview review leicester mercury |
8,333 | 27,554,658 | 0 | Nottingham Comedy Festival | Kingdom | nottingham comedy festival annual festival held nottingham england november started act venue nine day year continues grow continues organise festival ncf event along small group volunteer festival aim bring together variety comedy event give new established comedian chance perform variety comedy event standup sketch improvisation film poetry glee club funhouse comedy royal centre local promoter join ncf make festival happen festival main sponsor castle rock brewery past year comedy festival supporting national autistic society nottingham comedy festival organised ncf comedy st festival ncf went organise regular comedy night around nottinghamshire midland one show £ comedy night comedy night take place twice month canalhouse nottingham give new act platform perform established comedian opportunity try new material award best open mic night midland comedy award best east midland open mic night midland comedy award httpswwwncfcomedycouknottinghamcomedyfestivalhtml httpwwwthisisnottinghamcouknottinghamhostcomedyfestivalstorydetailstoryhtml |
8,334 | 24,219,371 | 0 | Pestival | Kingdom | pestival international art festival dedicated ‘the art insect pestival observer ethical award conservation three year residency zsl london zoo attracted worldrenowned insect expert well artist bob roberta smith comedian notably robyn hitchcock robin ince stewart lee mention involvement standup act st best standup ever pestival brainchild bridget nicholls came idea going insect film festival called fifi pyrenees defunct pestival held london wetland centre barnes london people attended coproduced along mark pilkington pestival held southbank centre london people attending three day free interactive event numerous expert cutting edge art science supported volunteer featured blur’s graham coxon robyn hitchcock singing insect anthem robin ince’s bee comedy night interspecies choir softroom architect iconic termite pavilion artistinresidence noboru tsubaki live mosquito swarm praying mantis kung fu bob roberta smith’s mobile brownfield site insect detective maggot paint pollinator themed slow food market valerie singleton spinning favourite insect seven inch chris watson sound recordist specialises natural history former member cabaret voltaire provided soundtrack termite pavilion well creating evening called cross pollination used live voice sound bee pestival also hosted symposium insect zsl london zoo chaired new scientist editor roger highfield speaker included stanford university ant expert deborah gordon artistengineer natalie jeremijenko literary critic steven connor list festival united kingdom science festival official website pestival website flickr alisters termite pavilion httpswwwyoutubecomuserinsectartsclub who pest series wellcome collection noma anty gin launched pestival httpnordicfoodlaborgblogantygin |
8,336 | 27,014,593 | 0 | Laugh at the Bank | Kingdom | laugh bank annual weekend comedy festival founded féile phobail belfast northern ireland festival run spring bank holiday may feature comedian around world festival also feature charitable event bull run december féile phobail art organisation run four – five festival year traditionally based west belfast began planning first dedicated weekend comedy festival city first festival featured highly medium publication hot press irish national newspaper laugh bank ran – may lineup event included pj gallagher kevin mcaleer sean hughes willa white bull run aid clic sargent northern ireland laugh bank ran – may lineup event included paul tonkinson karl spain neil delamere bernard oshea matt reed aidan bishop gemma hutton laugh haiti featuring comedian aid victim haiti earthquake official website |
8,337 | 16,429,769 | 0 | Edinburgh Comedy Festival | Kingdom | edinburgh comedy festival shortlived festival comedy show operated edinburgh festival fringe august effectively marketing campaign big four venue fringe assembly gilded balloon pleasance underbelly designation quietly dropped widespread medium industry criticism attempt made create edinburgh comedy festival august cigarette brand sponsor idea revived however june many news story commentary appeared medium launch edinburgh comedy festival positive negative much reported lack sponsorship festival first year following report collectively four venue involved festival made £ loss press conference thursday june explanation made intention plough sponsorship money back festival longterm goal making festival cheaper act one prominent critic move tommy sheppard owner edinburgh comedy venue stand comedy club host many comedy show part fringe sheppard invited form part festival refused spring sheppard director glasgow international comedy festival edinburgh comedy festival ran july– august alongside fringe performance assembly gilded balloon pleasance underbelly came auspex four venue produced joint brochure consisting two side one presented edinburgh comedy festival brochure show genre venue listed side show comedy festival programme represented almost comedy fringe highprofile name festival include joan river paul merton clive james john pinette edinburgh comedy festival ran – august term edinburgh comedy festival since ceased used although big four venue continue produce combined brochure |
8,338 | 391,974 | 0 | Edinburgh Festival Fringe | Kingdom | edinburgh festival fringe also referred edinburgh fringe fringe edinburgh fringe festival world largest performance art festival spanned day featured scheduled performance different show across venue different country show largest section comedy representing almost show followed theatre show established unofficial offshoot fringe edinburgh international festival take place edinburgh every august combination edinburgh festival fringe edinburgh international festival become worldleading celebration art culture surpassed olympics world cup term global ticketed event openaccess unjuried performing art festival meaning selection committee anyone may participate type performance official fringe programme categorises show section theatre comedy dance physical theatre circus cabaret childrens show musical opera music spoken word exhibition event comedy largest section making onethird programme one modern time highest public profile due part edinburgh comedy award festival supported edinburgh festival fringe society publishes programme sell ticket event central physical box office website offer yearround advice support performer society permanent location fringe shop royal mile august also manage fringe central separate collection space dedicated providing support fringe participant time festival fringe board director drawn member edinburgh festival fringe society many fringe participant – performer venue operator election held year august board member serve term four year board appoints fringe society chief executive formerly known fringe administrator director chief executive operates chair phoebe wallerbridge whose show fleabag performed fringe adapted television named firstever president edinburgh festival fringe society planned fringe festival suspended along city major summer festival came result covid outbreak early month year concern spreading virus festival took place – august though much reduced size show person online festival took place – august marked return prepandemic level show fifty livestreamed nextup comedy first time ever since founding fringe effort stay true fringe society vision equality inclusiveness festival scheduled august fringe started life eight theatre company turned uninvited inaugural edinburgh international festival international festival using city major venue company took smaller alternative venue production seven performed edinburgh one undertook version medieval morality play everyman dunfermline abbey mile north across river forth fife group aimed take advantage large assembled theatre crowd showcase alternative theatre although time recognised first edinburgh festival fringe meant two defining feature future fringe established beginning – lack official invitation perform use unconventional venue originally group referred festival adjunct also referred semiofficial festival following year robert kemp scottish playwright journalist credited coining title fringe wrote second edinburgh international festival round fringe official festival drama seems private enterprise afraid u going home evening word fringe fact used review everyman critic remarked shame show far fringe festival still referred similar term small f fringe official festival many praiseworthy extra including presentation scottish community drama association edinburgh university dramatic society – dundee courier august since yet fully developed much early year fringe gone unrecorded except anecdote benefit official organisation student university edinburgh set dropin centre ymca cheap food bed night made available participating group latenight revue would become feature fringe began appear early first one new drama group show series sketch taking place donald pleasences ebb tide among talent appear early fringe revue ned sherrin ken loach dudley moore oxford theatre group due many reviewer able attend fringe event late night official festival finished fringe came seen revue year official programme fringe created john menzies compiled list show title event omnibus festival brochure printer c j cousland first publish listing guide funded participating company entitled additional entertainment since name fringe still yet regular usage year fringe attracting around dozen company meeting held discus creating small organisation act brain fringe scotsman called official unofficial festival first attempt made provide central booking service student university although lost money blamed taken part famous actor donald wolfit performed solo show strong lonely part international festival yet fringe programme leading question value fringe away fringe artist theatre thing fringe art formal organisation progressed formation festival fringe society push organisation led michael imison director oxford theatre group constitution drawn policy vetting censoring show set society produced first guide fringe show nineteen company participated fringe year time provided complete counterfestival programme although effort still made gain publicity international festival programme ymca became established first central fringe ticket office long afterwards came first complaint fringe become big director gerard slevin claimed would much better ten hall licensed fringe began establish reputation size variety tension formal international festival became mutual benefit artistic credential fringe established creator traverse theatre john calder jim haynes richard demarco original objective maintain something festival atmosphere edinburgh year round traverse theatre quickly regularly presented cuttingedge drama international audience edinburgh international festival fringe august set standard company fringe aspired traverse occasionally referred fringe venue got away reflecting current status permanent integral part edinburgh art scene pleasance venue since first year fringe also important setting artistic tone christopher richardson founder pleasance theatre trust became major fringe figure john cairney credited pioneering oneman fringe show show based robert burn man although elspeth douglas reid done one woman theatre early american nancy cole played gertrude stein continued first two decade fringe performing group used performing space venue however late concept sharing venue became popular principally mean cutting cost soon became common hall host six seven different show per day obvious next step partition venue two performing space majority today major venue fit category many year fringe club variously high street teviot row house provided nightly showcase fringe fare allow audience sample show earlier year club also provided significant space afterhours socialising time edinburgh strict licensing law meant pm pub closing time time main ticket office university chaplaincy centre royal mile centre high street although fringe associated high street area like new town west end morningside also prominent period problem began arise fringe became big student volunteer deal eventually fringe society became constituted body employed first administrator john milligan started work january originally parttime basis became clear week role would permanent milligan responsible number innovation remain place today numbering system venue fringe map brochure also credited establishing cooperative spirit fringe left direction alistair moffat number company performing rose new venue st columba newington came board moffat also expanded street performance aspect brought sponsorship deal particularly local brewery way fringe ascended current position largest art festival world deliberate policy moffat found difficult promote fringe merit given society position neutrality increasing show number therefore way attracting attention point fringe operated two fulltime member staff office moved converted shop basement high street international festival direction john drummond became accommodating towards fringe late successful fringe performer transferred perform work festival included richard crane faynia williams produced sellout version brother karamazov festival successful fringe early saw arrival supervenue – location contained multiple performing space william burdettcoutts set assembly theatre empty georgian building assembly room george street formerly eif festival club investment staging lighting sound meant original amateur student theatrical left behind year ymca south st andrew street important venue since early day closed however subsequent rise prominence assembly room meant balance fringe old town new town prince street middle fringe sunday started high street moved pressure popularity holyrood park fringe sunday held second sunday fringe company performed free outgrown even holyrood park showcase took place meadow continued watershed comedy fringe first year perrier award ran known edinburgh comedy award alternative comedy scene also beginning take shape previously comedy fringe taken form student revue standup becoming feature according alexei sayle fringe entirely university revue play single piece standup comedy tony allen arrived comedy began ascent would see become biggest section programme moffat resigned fringe society administrator succeeded michael dale changed programme layout helped fringe consolidate following year circuit became prominent venue run actor touring company operated south side city expanded piece empty ground popularly known hole ground near usher hall site church building pooles synod hall converted cinema saltire complex subsequently built early new traverse theatre opened seat marquee auditorium hosted among thing opera even though organiser told place artform venue also took nearby heriotwatt student association little lyceum total hosted company next year became tented village several smaller tent malcolm hardee made debut part greatest show leg enterprise lost £ criticism related overcharging overcrowding inadequate facility circuit repeated demonstrated potential temporary venue fringe familiar sight even rise super venue still theatre done shoestring several cultural entrepreneur raised stake point venue like aurora st stephen church stockbridge could hold head major world festival however fringe housed circuitassembly commercially marketed attracted complaint including traverse theatre founder richard demarco felt fringe allowed either venue according former fringe administrator michael dale feeling smaller venue may lose case may overstated episode supervenues assembly room particular way go yet student show continued thrive national student theatre company national youth music theatre cambridge mummer oxford theatre group bradford university producing wellreceived new work among professional company almeida theatre atc cheek jowl cherub cliff hanger entertainment machine hull truck kick theatre lumiere son medieval player trickster regular fringe joined international festival edinburgh tattoo film festival promote edinburgh festival city first time moffatt believed growth fringe would stop due lack venue limit seemed reached group began find efficient way sharing space venue could fully utilised seven different group throughout day sharing led rise bigger centralised venue rent increased venue like heriotwatt student union doubling rent three year promoter karen koren established gilded balloon comedy venue former j r allans department store cowgate late licence made home latenight socialising comedian raucous latenight show late n live started society moved high street expanded headquarters – high street royal mile extension leading back towards former wirework building basement became new ticket office current headquarters high street act included jim rose circus performed tokyo shock boy performed fringe club ceased operation various venue still provide best fest similar computerised booking system first installed early allowing ticket bought number location around city internet began impact launch fringe official website sold half million ticket online following year half price ticket tent run association metro newspaper started offering special ticket price different show day sold ticket first year fringe faced biggest crisis far computerised ticketing system failed event surrounding failed box office software led resignation fringe director jon morgan one full year post resultant financial loss suffered fringe society estimated £ forced meet reserve although source report £ event attracted much comment uk world medium debt emerged year went independent report criticised board current previous fringe director failure management inability provide basic service board eventually decided post director instituted lieu fringe administrator would abolished replaced chief executive reinforce fringe head basic administrative function report failure commissioned accountancy firm scottmoncrieff several venue use ticketing system partly due issue commission ticket revenue distributed reinforced failure main box office year incident conspired add negative publicity fringe sunday – vast free showcase event held meadow – cancelled sponsor could secured big four venue assembly gilded balloon pleasance underbelly also decided market edinburgh comedy festival drew criticism quarter interim period tim hawkins formerly general manager brighton komedia took charge established edinburgh book festival fringe manager kath mainland appointed february stabilise situation becoming fringe first chief executive comedy finally surpassed theatre biggest section programme comedy entry thespaceuk launched multispace complex royal college surgeon new allyearround multiarts festival venue containing ten performance space opened former royal dick veterinary school name summerhall initiative called fringe colour founded jess brough response termed overwhelming whiteness edinburgh festival shona mccarthy led derrys term uk city culture took kath mainland chief executive along edinburgh festival fringe could go ahead planned due ongoing coronavirus pandemic fringe returned fewer show restriction due covid pandemic fringe venue come shape size use made nearly viable space available regular theatre eg traverse bedlam theatre function room eg assembly room church church hall eg quaker meeting house paradise augustine lecture theatre including notable george square theatre conference centre university room space bar pub temporary structure famous spiegeltent udderbelly school public toilet back taxi doubledecker bus even audience home group operate venue also diverse commercial others notforprofit operate yearround others exist run venue fringe local others based london elsewhere transfer edinburgh august performer perspective decision perform typically based mixture cost location close proximity main fringe hub around university seen advantage philosophy venue – specialise amateur school college production semi wholly professional show registered programme taking place different venue main venue operator broadly split four group big four – assembly gilded balloon pleasance underbelly term big four adopted label case longstanding venue underbelly relative newcomer founded operate multiroom venue complex often across multiple site tend specialise comedy briefly controversially tried rebrand edinburgh comedy festival modern fringe – besides big four term less used modern fringe number operator running multiroom venue sometimes operating across one site include thespaceuk c venue greenside venue sweet venue tonic zoo venue pqa venue monkey barrel paradise green may specialise certain genre run programme across genre thespaceuk c venue zoo venue greenside venue although focusing new writing rather comedy one larger thespaceuk hosted show fringe making largest operator number show modern fringe free venue – promoter use different financial model instead charging performer hire room audience attend make space available free audience making donation end show enjoyed promoter tend operate pub club – room made free use way boosting bar taking original free fringe set comedian peter buckley hill response increasing cost performer appearing fringe main free promoter alex petty laughing horse free festival although term free fringe originally referred buckley hill operation often used shorthand free venue pay want – comedian bob slayer introduced new model fringe hero fringe venue punter could buy ticket advance guarantee seat pay want pwyw exit model mixture paid free enables performer find paying audience without risking large marketing spend phil kay tom binns miss behave among first established act embrace model along adrienne truscott edinburgh comedy award panel prize pwyw show adam hess nominated best newcomer promoter tonic pleasance c venue since introduced model venue gilded balloon adopted pwyw counting house previously free festival venue since returned model also continue single independent venue sometimes hosting one show sometimes limited period fringe pedestrianised area high street around st giles cathedral fringe office becomes focal point theatre company hand flyer perform scene show attempt sell ticket performance run alongside fringe street event feature street performer thousand busker high street mound precinct many show first monday tuesday festival different venue operate independent ticket offer throughout festival many notable original show originated fringe helped establish career many writer performer including rowan atkinson steven berkoff jo brand billy connolly ben elton eddie izzard stephen fry stewart lee tim minchin tadeusz kantor alan bennett dudley moore peter cook jonathan miller performed royal lyceum theatre beyond fringe introducing new wave british satire heralding change attitude towards politician establishment ironically show put together edinburgh international festival rebuff emerging fringe title alone helped publicise fringe especially went london west end new york broadway next month tom stoppard play rosencrantz guildenstern dead first performed full version fringe noted actor derek jacobi starred sixthform production hamlet well regarded fringe attracted number major touring company joint stock theatre company leading innovative touring company time brought two production fringe – great celestial cow sue townsend fire lake karim alrawi fringe saw breakout performance craig ferguson bing hitler parody überpatriotic native folk singer seemed infect every public performance scotland st century show debuted fringe gone wider fame notoriety include stomp theatrical show black watch national theatre scotland jerry springer opera saw production angry men staged assembly room using established comedian role twelve juror directed produced guy masterson starred owen oneill role made famous henry fonda juror number eight stephen frost phil nichol bill bailey also featured version one flew cuckoo nest beset problem including lead actor christian slater contracting chicken pox original director guy masterson quitting project opened masterson replaced terry johnson production neil simon odd couple starring bill bailey alan davy also directed guy masterson staged assembly hall meeting place mound church scotland taken assembly theatre transformed seat theatre tattoo setup edinburgh castle served seat venue oneoff performance ricky gervais standup show fame gervais accused greed taking audience away smaller show gervais donated profit show macmillan cancer support fleabag phoebe wallerbridge first performed solo show underbelly later became tv series phoebe wallerbridge later announced president edinburgh festival fringe society shermannicholls original musical production love bird made premiere pleasance hannah gadsbys show nanette edinburgh comedy award credited challenging standup comedy convention subsequently developed worldwide audience via netflix toby marlow lucy moss six musical debuted fringe ahead national tour show would later go west end broadway arthur smith paul merton barry cryer richard herring among comedian performed edinburgh fringe festival anyone else arthur smith performed regularly festival year since paul merton performing regularly festival since barry cryer performed edinburgh fringe since richard herring performed fringe since nicholas parson attended first fringe yearold hosted longstanding happy hour show death aged first chair board director lord grant high court judge gave way actor andrew cruickshank succeeded jonathan miller elizabeth smith baroness smith widow former labour leader john smith current chair benny higgins succeeded professor sir timothy oshea first fulltime fringe chief john milligan worked art council researcher bbc scotland left run craigmillar festival succeeded alistair moffat involved running first st andrew festival organised small festival hometown kelso moffat left become head art scottish television replaced michael dale worked moffat st andrew festival recommended apply worked cambridge art theatre young vic dale departed become head event glasgow garden festival succeeded deputy mhairi mackenzierobinson left pursue career business hilary strong served position became director greenwich theatre followed paul gudgin – jon morgan – kath mainland – november mainland announced decision step chief executive take role executive director melbourne festival early announced successor would shona mccarthy headed derrylondonderry uk city culture took position march fringe made career many artistic organisational side fringe william burdettcoutt karen koren anthony alderson charlie wood ed bartlam director socalled big four venue become well known cultural scene fringe open access festival role fringe society solely facilitate festival concentrating mainly challenging logistics organising large event alistair moffat fringe administrator – summarised role society said direct result wish participant society set help performer come edinburgh promote collectively public come together group could invited way artistically vetted performed done left entirely fringe group approach sometimes referred unjuried festival open access art festival fringe festival year approach led adverse criticism quality fringe much criticism come individual art critic national newspaper hardline aficionado edinburgh international festival occasionally edinburgh international festival fringe position debate may summed michael dale fringe administrator – book sore throat overdraft noone say quality like overall much matter actually point fringe fringe forum idea achievement unique uk whole world else could attempted let alone work view middle ground perennial debate point fringe complete artistic anarchy venue influence decide content programme traverse aurora nova used run venue production group fringe time sprout fringe festival unjuried participating fringe requires registration payment registration fee use fringe venue example registration fee £ outdoor space also require registration notably royal mile thus artist perform outside auspex fringe either individually part festival association venue either outdoors nonfringe venue started deborah pearson continuing codirectorship andy field pearson primary fringe fringe festival held forest support battersea art centre bac support several organisation including jerwood foundation queen university canada aim encourage experimentation reducing cost performer – charging space providing accommodation applied audience show pay festival th anniversary year fringe society consulted stakeholder across festival – artist venue resident government body – create shared vision set value vision “to give anyone stage everyone seat” rooted equality inclusiveness designed inspire fringe stakeholder pull direction three value also established guide behaviour decision everyone involved fringe fringe society said would “live champion uphold necessary” three value • celebrate performing art • open • look concept fringe theatre copied around world largest celebrated spawned festival adelaide fringe established second biggest world national art festival machanda formerly grahamstown south africa edmonton international fringe festival number event continues grow particularly u canada case edinburgh fringe addition festival proper officially known edinburgh festival fringe preexisting festival added new york international fringe festival est word come word festival august adelaide fringe began official partnership edinburgh fringe field drama edinburgh fringe premièred several play musical notably rosencrantz guildenstern dead tom stoppard moscow station starred tom courtenay recently six musical toby marlow lucy moss year attracted number company made repeated visit fringe helped set high artistic standard included london club theatre group scotland childrens music theatre later national youth music theatre jeremy james taylor national student theatre company communicado red shift grid iron fitchburg state university fringe also staging ground american high school theatre festival field comedy fringe provided platform allowed career many performer bloom various member monty python team appeared student production subsequently rowan atkinson stephen fry hugh laurie emma thompson latter three cambridge footlights atkinson oxford notable company included complicite national theatre brent recent comedy performer discovered include rory bremner fascinating aïda reduced shakespeare company steve coogan jenny eclair league gentleman flight conchords al murray rich hall many performer spoken highly fringe effect career magician paul daniel first appeared fringe twilight career commented ive become edinburgh publicity agent tell everybody youve got freedom put show led periodically controversy individual taste sexual explicitness religion contravened brought conflict local city councillor occasional performing group deliberately tried provoke controversy mean advertising show led censorship sexual explicitness show organiser continued defend festival role open platform contacted controversial youtuber mark meechan request clarify fact banned ran contrary punch line one joke mids occasional top show charged £ per seat average price £–£ price frequently £ reached £ first time onehour show reason people put forward increase include increasing cost hiring large venue theatre licence related costs—and price accommodation expensive performer well audience early st century two organisation — free fringe laughing horse free edinburgh fringe festival — introduced free entry show collect donation end performance show came banner growing rapidly also pay model forest fringe pay want introduced bob slayer hero fringe discussed putting show fringe big venue costly performer due registration fee venue hire cost accommodation travel edinburgh recent year venue cost need expensive marketing increasingly challenged free independent venue change happening fringe performer increasingly negotiate big venue festival also networking opportunity training ground springboard future career advancement exciting fun performer well spectator putting show costly venue well due theatre licence fee risen preceding three year eight time high fee english city starting £ venue people rising £ venue people fee cited punitive smaller venue sitespecific performance figure julian caddy featured sitespecific show venue inchcolm island swimming pool apex international hotel criticism increasing commercialism paytoplay fringe venue charge act perform advance fringe many case venue cost venue rent guarantee compulsory marketing various deduction mean performer charged make back ticket sale stewart lee stated guardian decade fringe utopia artist performer – profitobsessed promoter tearing piece hero fringe previously called alternative fringe set bob slayer statement paytoplay venue fringe commentator agree fringe change independent promoter leading change comedy section grown recent decade become biggest section programme fringe marked first time comedy made largest category entertainment led criticism changed nature fringe separated root richard demarco complained infestation standup comic epidemic cure overwhelms possibility serious theatre others commented large proportion newer audience drawn almost exclusively standup comic particularly television comedy star famous venue starting regard noncomedy event peripheral july campaign set raise awareness challenge alleged poor working condition fringe campaign received support city edinburgh council unite union among others february shona mccarthy chief executive fringe society stated producer promoter unfairly vilified campaign many group fringe ultimate goal favourable review—which apart welcome kudos may help minimise financial loss putting show edinburgh based newspaper scotsman integral fringe since start become known comprehensive festival coverage august originally aimed review every show fringe selective simply many show cover although see almost every new play staged part fringe theatre programme fringe first award many year scotsman art editor allen wright familiar figure fringe today young critic award named honour scottish medium outlet provide coverage include herald scotland sunday sunday herald scottish edition metro scottish art entertainment magazine list skinny fest magazine also provide extensive coverage onwards fringespecific publication emerged threeweeks founded fest followed year later turn millennium joined online publication specialised fringe broader remit include chortle broadway baby fringe review fringe guru wee review tv bomb latter two merged defunct festival medium network founded act trade organisation independent medium member broadway baby festival preview fringe guru fringe review hairline ifringe threeweeks podcast network whatsonstage prolific reviewer broadway baby published review threeweeks published review august scotsman review list published review scotsman prolific reviewer followed wee review londonbased broadsheet also review particular guardian independent art industry weekly stage publish large number edinburgh review especially drama programme since british comedy guide collated comedy review many publication possible gathered review publication different publication growing number award fringe show particularly field drama scotsman introduced prestigious fringe first award award established scotsman art editor allen wright encourage new theatre writing given new play new translation several awarded three week fringe – usually celebrity prestigious ceremony herald angel archangel awarded team art writer herald performer show deemed worthy recognition similar fringe first given week fringe stage awarded stage award acting excellence since around dozen award given year including special award given first time winner special award date include chris goode pip utton total theatre presented total theatre award excellence field physical visual theatre since category award given vary year year notable addition inclusion wild card award chosen festivalgoing public amnesty international introduced amnesty freedom expression award carol tambor best edinburgh award best drama introduced eligible award show must received four five star rating scotsman must previously played new york prize put show new york threeweeks editor award introduced given ten thing excited threeweeks editor year bobby launched broadway baby given best show festival decided broadway baby judging panel second type bobby launched called technical bobby awarded technical achievement fringe lighting set design edinburgh musical theatre award introduced musical theatre matter encourage writing production new musical fringe perrier award comedy came existence award cambridge footlights two award category since added perrier mineral water manufacturer ended long association succeeded scottishbased company intelligent finance also withdrew could replaced award temporarily funded promoter nica burn rebranded edinburgh comedy award eddy dlt entertainment sponsor donald eleanor taffner best comedy show dlt entertainment best newcomer award victoria wood foundation sponsor panel prize malcolm hardee award three category comic originality cunning stunt act likely make million quid presented originally ten year – taken british comedy guide initial oneoff malcolm hardee award made fringe year hardees death american musical comic reggie watt year since funniest joke fringe awarded along list top award currently sponsored tv channel dave first fringe featured eight company performing five venue company growth festival began slow company giving performance giving statistic edinburgh festival fringe concluded largest record performance different show venue ticket sale amounted around million fulltime member staff show theatre largest genre term number show overtaken comedy major growth area last year fringe comedy biggest artform number show followed theatre exact breakdown comedy theatre music childrens show cabaretvariety dancecircusphysical theatre spoken word event musicalsopera exhibition fringe issued estimated ticket performance show venue day fringe issued estimated ticket performance show fringe ticket performance show addition ticketed programmed event fringe street event run day festival primarily royal mile mound precinct list edinburgh comedy award winner joke fringe list fringe festival melbourne international comedy festival laugh dale michael sore throat overdraft illustrated story edinburgh festival fringe edinburgh precedent publication isbn fisher mark edinburgh fringe survival guide make show success london methuen isbn moffatt alistair edinburgh fringe london johnston bacon isbn bain fringe year greatest show earth scotsman publication ltd mcmillan j carnegie j traverse theatre story – methuen publishing london official website festival edinburgh follow fringe project collection university maryland library |
8,339 | 11,617,045 | 0 | The Free Edinburgh Fringe Festival | Kingdom | free edinburgh fringe festival programme free entry event take place edinburgh festival fringe world largest art festival august organised comedy promoter laughing horse although includes show different genre used affiliated free fringe initially launched since operated separate entity free edinburgh fringe festival venue commonly independently run bar nightclub create performance space premise duration fringe festival performer allocated timeslots free condition charge audience entry fee watch show although audience member asked make voluntary contribution end show help pay performer expense generally edinburgh fringe show selffinancing average run fringe cost performer £ venue hire fee publicity accommodation aim free festival provide performer festival goer cheaper alternative predominantly show stand comedy sketch comedy free edinburgh fringe festival also host theatre cabaret music storytelling children’s show free festival promotes comedy theatre music cabaret opera musical film children’s show event art display – programmed experienced producer area award winning performer full run show like pappy’s fun club john gordillo lewis schaffer nick wilty sol bernstein steve day bob slayer nik coppin ivor dembina appeared previous year plus guest appearance compilation show well known performer alan carr scott capurro richard herring brendon burn marcus brigstocke reg hunter dan antopolski paul foot free festival received coverage sky news bbc culture show guardian time scotsman list metro chortle many local publication free festival show reviewed star thirty star star review best class free fringe show since edinburgh comedy award panel prize ahir shah edinburgh show free festival nominated edinburgh comedy award imran yusufs free festival show became first nonticketed show edinburgh festival nominated main comedy award best newcomer bbc produced radio comedy pilot based ian fox free fringe show butterfly effect edinburgh venue part free edinburgh fringe festival bar bar soba brass monkey cabaret voltaire city cafe cocktail mafia metropole cafe reverie three sister laughing horse online argyle bar counting house dragonfly dropkick murphy eastside eliminatetheimpossiblecom hanover tap home bar pear tree raging bull west port oracle previous venue berlin ego hillside lindsay meridian outhouse blind poet edinburgh city football club espionage hive jekyll hyde meadow bar national museum scotland newsroom st martin church cafe renroc bob slayer performer previous booker free festival set independent fringe promoter hero fringe former free festival venue hero hive move amicable two organisation maintain working relationship hero added second venue hero bob miss behaves bookshop hero show three malcolm hardee award nominated several award adrienne truscott edinburgh fringe award formerly perrier panel prize spirit fringe edinburgh festival fringe edinburgh festival free fringe official website laughing horse edinburgh fringe produce free festival show ian fox |
8,340 | 3,228,467 | 0 | Glasgow International Comedy Festival | Kingdom | glasgow international comedy festival comedy festival glasgow scotland comedy festival started held annually march venue across city festival aim biggest impact comedy festival world festival promotes glasgow funniest city world look celebrate comedy’s role scottish culture act kevin bridge susie mccabe performed firstever solo show glasgow international comedy festival european commission named glasgow top cultural creative city united kingdom report cited comedy festival alongside cultural event integral status festival recognised playing host number highprofile comedian alongside providing platform new act festival arranged comedy gig held virgin train west coast train service london glasgow eight comedian including patrick monahan performed aboard comedy carriage afternoon service comedy performance linked charity fundraising also common occurrence year festival notably kevin bridge headlined event raise fund mnd scotland memory campaigner gordon aikman raising £ festival organiser aimed widen appeal festival new audience accessibility improvement recent year festival hosted show delivered british sign language understood first kind uk dementia friendly comedy gig held city west end festival new award introduced sir billy connolly spirit glasgow award award given festival inaugural winner janey godley official site |
8,341 | 27,729,815 | 0 | Cardiff Comedy Festival | Kingdom | cardiff comedy festival organised scott fitzgerald tom wakeham richard balshaw johnny disco matt price well showcasing established mainly welsh act festival also aim nurture new talent premiered first welsh unsigned standup award festival ran – july based entirely oneills bar heart festival edinburgh preview show featured artiste included rhod gilbert support elli james james gordillo sketch troupe plastic seat company matt price nick page wil hodgson pat monahan craig campbell although previous attempt launch comedy festival cardiff failed promoter past lost money venture festival sufficiently successful organiser stage larger event festival ran – july line included rhod gilbert lucy porter lloyd langford matt price russell kane jo caulfield pappys phil nichol addition main festival also wusa welsh unsigned standup award series workshop cardiff central library venue included st david hall glee club central library no da oneills bar venue included include st david hall glee club no da wusa rwcmd act included craig campbell johnny disco taylor glenn ardal ohanlon richard herring elli james wes packer matt price jj whitehead act included lucy porter vikki stone matt price richard herring elli james lloyd langford wil hodgeson venue included st david hall glee club central library chapter art centre gwdihw cardiff comedy official cardiff festival website |
8,343 | 35,946,071 | 0 | Chelsea Fringe | Kingdom | chelsea fringe garden festival london run concurrently chelsea flower show consists variety event display across multiple location london started tim richardson run volunteer event included guerrilla gardening bicycle beer garden orange lemon shoreditch fringe expanded approximately separate event core site popup park battersea power station ben dark reviewing daily telegraph described fringe sprawling mess praised exhibit visited including gnome invasion ockendon road dalston eastern curve garden office garden buckingham palace road festival suspended tim richardson stepped main organiser featured event run year official site chelsea fringe grand day – tour event |
8,344 | 45,372,875 | 0 | Durham Flower Festival | Kingdom | durham flower festival annual flower horticulture show run held east durham college houghall campus durham county durham england festival held august inaugural show held show established college following decision gateshead council axe gateshead flower show archived copy official website |
8,346 | 1,483,132 | 0 | Hampton Court Garden Festival | Kingdom | hampton court garden festival formerly hampton court flower show annual british flower show held early july year show run royal horticultural society rh hampton court palace london borough richmond upon thames show feature show garden floral marquee pavilion talk demonstration erected north south side long water hampton court park second major national show chelsea flower show different character focusing environmental issue growing food vegetable cookery well selling gardening accessory plant flower festival cancelled due covid pandemic caused limitation public gathering festival take place july original hampton court palace flower show brainchild management consultant adrian boyd saw opportunity connect two organisation facing time uncertainty joint venture department environment dismembered one cutting historic royal palace found looking way increasing revenue attracting larger audience similarly network southeast nse one temporary aggregation thrown preprivatisation british rail looking way making rail service profitable boyds idea network southeast sponsor flower show hampton court provide public transport hampton court railway station time rh show department working four new event birmingham harrogate wembley glasgow july first hampton court palace flower show held effort made attract people show special train laid london waterloo porter wore carnation hat create buzz around show even though comparatively little trade support show drew large crowd network southeast pleased saying per cent estimated visitor used rail paid sponsorship many time rh debated whether offer assistance show especially chelsea reached full capacity initial dismissal organizer indicated would welcome rh involvement rh member granted reduced admission price show adrian greenoak show horticultural director achieved continuous improvement standard show introduced british rose festival joint involvement royal national rose society british rose grower association november came announcement network southeast withdrawing support show flurry negotiation took place boyd title show join competitive tendering blind bid stephen bennett outlined benefit rh involvement reduce cost hugely… apart saving publicity cost extensive medium relation network colossal amount equipment around £m worth tentage ton ton staging equipment try hire sort stuff cost arm leg historic royal palace accepted rh bid condition undertook keep certain staff payroll including adrian greenoak venture risky one four new show already booked first rh hampton court show took place additional sponsorship daily mail show considerable success following year declared best outdoor public event acre ha show ground room considerable expansion infrastructure would severely tested next year heritage marquee set nccpg national collection – initially rather quiet area increasing steadily public interest craft pavilion adrian boyd first sight greet visitor gradually moved less prominent position room couple dozen display garden plus separate section side long water major part exhibition ten water garden hampton court garden rebuilt royal hospital neurodisability chelsea remained prestigious society show hampton court largest readily marketed within couple year investment hampton court recouped show rebranded hampton court garden festival festival manager saying better reflected atmosphere experience visitor event festival cancelled due covid pandemic along year rh flower show show always held tuesday sunday usually ending second sunday july royal horticultural society chelsea flower show tatton park flower show hm prison leyhill whose awardwinning entry inspired film greenfingers hampton court garden festival official site hampton court palace flower show map rh chelsea flower show official site rh show tatton park official site |
8,348 | 166,590 | 0 | National Garden Scheme | Kingdom | national garden scheme open privately owned garden england northern ireland wale channel island selected date charity founded aim opening garden quality character interest public charity scheme raised £ million since began normally open garden year volunteer county organiser responsible vetting garden make sure sufficient interest scheme began private garden opened £ raised small number original garden still participate scheme many joined garden due open impact covid meant opening cancelled however new online virtual garden tour introduced help boost fund covid national garden scheme set annual fundraising event called great british garden party encouraging everyone enjoy outdoor space raising money charity championed charity president dame mary berry national garden scheme open beautiful garden charity – passionate physical mental health benefit garden scheme fund project promote garden gardening therapy launched annual garden health week raise awareness topic visitor information published publication called garden visitor handbook formerly yellow book another yellow book separate scotland garden scheme originally admission fee raised money district nurse although creation national health service changed nature support required national garden scheme charitable trust launched independent charity queen elizabeth queen mother patron current patron charles former prince wale queen nursing institute still one charity supported along marie curie macmillan cancer support hospice uk parkinson uk carers trust maggies horatios garden perennial others support gardening therapy community garden horticultural trainee national garden scheme run community garden grant programme support health wellbeing community around country read charity impact annual impact report scotland garden golf course allotment example site opened year public yellow book ng garden open charity london national garden scheme national garden scheme website |
8,353 | 55,148,582 | 0 | Scotland's Gardens | Kingdom | scotland garden horticultural charity established based edinburgh founded raise money queen nursing institute scotland help support queen nurse creation national health service raise money charity opening otherwise private garden throughout country general public criterion garden listed yellow book tough considered challenge achieve listing fund raised given charity selected owner garden charity benefit every year fund given four charity selected scotland garden queen nursing institute scotland garden fund national trust scotland maggies cancer caring centre perennial addition garden listed yellow book charity also promotes several larger annual event example orkney garden festival rhododendron festival scottish snowdrop festival noted listed garden include carolside border garden cosmic speculation near dumfries granton garden edinburgh kailzie garden border kildrummy castle aberdeenshire dean garden edinburgh cakemuir castle kilcoy castle black isle kincardine castle royal deeside ross priory west dunbartonshire row house stirling yair house border scottish dark sky observatory near dalmellington dawyck stobo broughton place broughton cardrona house innerleithen kirna walkerburn arniston gorebridge dundas castle south queensferry halmyre west linton springmount peebles gardening scotland national garden scheme similar organisation england northern ireland wale channel island official website |
8,359 | 18,305,369 | 0 | Alternative Christmas message | Kingdom | alternative christmas message message broadcast channel since sometimes humorous sometimes serious alternative traditional royal christmas message beginning channel broadcast alternative christmas message usually featuring contemporary often controversial celebrity delivering message manner queen elizabeth ii tradition started accident running series programme christmas new york channel invited quentin crisp coincidentally born christmas day give alternative message – playing pejorative term queen meaning feminine male homosexual contrast queen message alternative last three five minute concept seems date back sketch christmas special two ronnies ronnie barker delivered christmas message local milkman example recent variation alternative christmas message proliferate youtube prime minister new year message united kingdom |
8,360 | 5,038,134 | 0 | Ashen faggot | Kingdom | ashen faggot also known ashton fagot old english christmas tradition devon somerset similar yule log related wassail tradition faggot large log bundle ash stick bound nine green length ash band beam preferably tree appropriate moment christmas eve faggot must burnt hearth people watching sing dunster carol ash probably chosen ritual ash tree long pedigree magical association perhaps important yggdrasil norse mythology also known world ash tree christian version use ash mary used wood light fire order wash infant jesus romanian culture thought jesus born field kept warm head ash wassail party pass around bundle ash stick twig branches—the remnant previous year faggot—bound green ash withy placed onto fire done traditionally oldest person room heat created comfort midwinter night binding burst watcher toast drink tradition unmarried woman choosing withy first one whose tie snapped would married next year binding burst bundle fallen loose person plan host festivity next year take one halfburned ash stick save following christmas go centre ashen faggot tradition symbolizes continuity life endures resurrected many place winter issue devon talk claim harbour inn axmouth annually build ashen faggot six foot high three foot wide huge fireplace tradition survives pub border devon somerset squirrel inn laymore one celebrated evening th january year old christmas eve ritual centre ashen faggot around twelve foot length bound approximately dozen withy beginning evening butt faggot placed rear fireplace fire already ablaze bet placed length time usually several hour last binding burst closest estimate winning prize proceeds going charity taunton early th century ashen faggot ball held st december believed household burn ashen faggot would face year bad luck misfortune version suggest ashen faggot kept house would keep away devil evil spirit shirley collins song ashen faggot wassail topic album adieu old england celebration tradition wassail cultural aspect ash tree wassail game online burning ashen faggot song mp format house wassailing devon talk winter pdf format |
8,361 | 28,714,879 | 0 | The Atheist's Guide to Christmas | Kingdom | atheist guide christmas book written atheist celebrity comedian scientist writer give humorous serious tip enjoying christmas season atheist made amazon bestseller list launch first atheist charity book campaign full book advance half royalty donated uk hiv charity terrence higgins trust contributor book include richard dawkins charlie brooker derren brown ben goldacre jenny colgan david baddiel simon singh ac grayling jey mccreight natalie haynes brian cox nick doody ed byrne christina martin matt kirshen richard herring emery emery simon le bon audio book version author read contribution number author kept honor memory douglas adam friend richard dawkins atheist |
8,362 | 20,775,117 | 0 | Black Friday (partying) | Kingdom | black friday mad friday frantic friday black eye friday nickname friday christmas eve december—that friday december—in great britain popular night endofyear corporate industrial christmas party consequently make one busiest night year ambulance police term black friday originates jargon used nh police entered popular lexicon press began use term mad friday avoid confusion american black friday november growing increasingly popular uk due marketing american retailer part united kingdom day referred black eye friday due unusually high number fight break bar pub club area sometimes called builder friday last day work many construction worker town mostly devon united kingdom also known factory friday last day work many factory worker finish work lunchtime spend rest day socialising pub scotland north england term mad friday around since least early ninety anticipation festivity police emergency service official begin preparation black friday early december ambulance trust around country plan set mobile drunk tank city centre help lighten load hospital police cell higher end mobile unit treat people time eight bed seat restraint strap two shower cost £ manchester temporary metal detector knife arch erected busiest part city assure public weapon kind tolerated december greater manchester police promoted hashtag madmancfriday expose embarrassing thing reveller would hope discouraging getting publicly drunk next year christian nightlife initiative launched staysafe campaign encourage responsible behaviour via social medium december scarborough police service tweeted every call received raise awareness believed black eye friday put tremendous strain local resource antisocial behaviour black friday take place every year friday december christmas eve |
8,363 | 2,875,972 | 0 | British Christmas Tree Growers Association | Kingdom | british christmas tree grower association trade association grow specialist christmas tree great britain northern ireland membership open intend grow growing tree christmas market associate membership available provide good service christmas tree sector member bctga cultivate tree specially christmas festivity bctga hold annual competition find best grower membership entry competition divided four category pine fir spruce wreath tree must height entrant allowed two entry given category judge look foliage shape marketability competition award prize grower year winner afforded honour providing tree downing street christmas tree year winner best wreath category also provides wreath hung famous black door american christmas tree association christmas tree cultivation national christmas tree association downing street christmas tree british christmas tree grower association homepage christmastreeorguk website bctga retail member bctga wholesale member bctga |
8,364 | 13,792,381 | 0 | Carol service | Kingdom | church united kingdom ireland hold carol service week leading christmas service usually consists hymn christmas reading gospel telling christmas story many candle lit around church sometimes congregation hold candle see carol service name christmas church service school service held last week term often held local church cathedral parent attending nativity play often performed carol service primary school birth jesus usually told reading bible school older child christmas carol sung student practice event class december traditional form carol service although used everyone nine lesson carol |
8,365 | 172,753 | 0 | Christmas cracker | Kingdom | christmas cracker festive table decoration make snapping sound pulled open typically contain small gift paper hat joke part christmas celebration united kingdom ireland commonwealth country australia canada new zealand south africa cracker consists segmented cardboard tube wrapped brightly decorated twist paper prize centre making resemble oversized sweetwrapper cracker pulled apart two people holding outer chamber causing cracker split unevenly leaving one person holding central chamber prize split accompanied mild bang snapping sound produced effect friction shocksensitive chemically impregnated card strip similar used cap gun one chemical used friction strip silver fulminate cracker traditionally pulled christmas dinner christmas party one version cracker ritual hold person end larger end cracker earns right keep content cardboard tube sometimes participant retains ownership cracker keep content regardless outcome christmas cracker traditionally contain colourful crownshaped hat made tissue paper small toy plastic model trinket small strip paper motto joke riddle piece trivia paper hat appearance crown usually worn christmas dinner tradition wearing festive hat believed date back roman time saturnalia celebration also involved decorative headgear christmas cracker also associated knut party held sweden end christmas season author historian john julius norwich viscount norwich known sending family friend christmas cracker year kind expanded christmas card anecdote trivia witticism collected history literature initially printed privately give friend also sold via london bookstore th final cracker published posthumously year death oxford english dictionary record pulling cracker tradition tell tom smith – london invented cracker created cracker development bonbon sweet sold twist paper origin traditional sweetwrapper sale bonbon slumped smith began come new promotional idea first tactic insert love message wrapper sweet similar fortune cooky smith inspired add crackle element hearing crackle log put fire size paper wrapper increased incorporate banger mechanism sweet eventually dropped replaced trinket fan jewellery substantial item new product initially marketed cosaque french cossack onomatopoeic cracker soon became commonly used name rival variety came market element modern cracker—the gift paper hat varied designs—were introduced tom smith son walter smith differentiate product rival cracker manufacturer suddenly sprung tom smith company merged caley cracker memorial water fountain tom smith family stand finsbury square london christmas cracker subject party favor oil painting american artist norman rockwell painting appeared cover art saturday evening post april world largest christmas cracker measured ft long ft diameter made parent child ley hill school preschool chesham buckinghamshire uk december longest christmas cracker pulling chain consisted people achieved harrodian school london december august filming christmas episode television series qi british comedian alan davy set guinness world record cracker pulled individual second achieved successful crack outscoring fellow panelist justin moorhouse five headtohead competition davy record stood joel corry achieved successful crack capital jingle bell ball december rule transporting christmas cracker luggage vary airline airport passenger commercial flight united state explicitly prohibited carrying christmas cracker board checked baggage medium related christmas cracker wikimedia common |
8,366 | 30,223,148 | 0 | List of Christmas hit singles in the United Kingdom | Kingdom | following incomplete list christmas song appeared official single chart united kingdom year indicates first year release artist recorded version single track may necessarily first year artist version charted official uk chartsto regarded christmas hit song either make direct mention christmas winter season nativity recognised christmas hymn carol gone feature christmas compilation album bestselling christmasholiday single united state christmas music list christmas carol list christmas hit single united state list christmas number one single uk uk single chart |
8,367 | 41,527,622 | 0 | Christmas Jumper Day | Kingdom | christmas jumper day annual fundraising campaign uk ireland organised charity save child uk specific day december people encouraged raise fund save child wearing christmas jumper making suggested donation £ € school child recent year save child eager ensure christmas jumper day sustainable possible taking part wear christmas jumper already shop vintage jumper decorate existing jumper festive decoration even knit christmas jumper day popular school workplace group may take part additional fundraising activity day well making donation save child launched christmas jumper day friday december since raised £ million help child around world celebrity supported event past include tv presenter holly willoughby actor helen mirren model kate moss actor luke evans olympian mo farah |
8,368 | 31,934,625 | 0 | List of UK Albums Chart Christmas number ones | Kingdom | uk album chart weekly record chart based sale album united kingdom term christmas number one refers record top chart christmas day typically christmas number one album announced number one sunday december christmas day fall sunday official number one one announced day chart december album christmas number one uk album chart based sunday saturday sale physical digital album compiled official chart company occ behalf uk music industry week new number one first announced sunday evening radio chart show album chart first published record mirror record number one december year original soundtrack film king making first ever uk christmas number one album king soundtrack also christmas number one following year original soundtrack south pacific became second christmas number one album staying top album chart total week also number one soundtrack movie sound music grease also became christmas number one record label earn much forty per cent annual sale festive season speaking music retailer geoff bonouvrie remarked whole psychology buying change around christmas people buying habit change buying gift people result topping album chart december considered prestigious among industry christmas number one album often sell high quantity christmas number one album featured top three respective yearend bestseller chart betting shop uk often run book regarding album number one christmas example british bookmaker william hill ladbrokes issued odds take top album chart christmas time lowest odds william hill ever offered prediction christmas numberone album christmas canadian singer michael bublé became christmas number one statement bublé announced thrilled achieved feat following year scottish singersongwriter emeli sandé topped chart christmas christmas number one claimed ed sheeran achieved biggest oneweek sale artist album year x next year adele topped christmas chart sale following december release first album thats call music series compilation album featuring various artist became popular uk mid late reflected album christmas number one time every album top christmas chart various artist compilation album either thats call music hit series uk album chart subsequently altered january release various artist longer eligible main album chart december christmas number one album successful act beatles topped christmas chart seven different album exception reached number one every christmas chart also topped chart single collection act release three christmas number one album british singer robbie williams topped chart four solo album williams also featured part take album progress take three christmas number one album successful record label virgin record released eight christmas number one album benefitting sale thats call music compilation series virgin achieved four five christmas number one january compilation album featuring various artist longer included uk album chart general specific official uk album top official chart company |
8,369 | 20,357,879 | 0 | Christmas Under Fire | Kingdom | christmas fire british short documentary film directed harry watt crown film unit ministry information conceived propaganda primarily american audience raise support allied cause second world war produced context german bombing british city depicts resilience british civilian despite hardship suffered christmas showing continuation christmas tradition face disruption caused war film sequel london take narrator quentin reynolds nominated academy award best documentary short churchill island film show christmas middle blitz christmas tradition depicted juxtaposition wartime backdrop christmas tree dug air raid shelter housewife buy food christmas dinner theatre stage pantomime production schoolchildren produce handmade christmas card people shown celebrating christmas sheltering london underground accompanied carol sung choir king college cambridge christmas fire produced crown film unit ministry information commissioned sequel london take designed primarily distribution america order increase film appeal american audience quentin reynolds magazine collier weekly chosen film narrator reynolds previously written narrated two british propaganda film london take london reply germany false claim film produced context blitz series german bombing raid british city began september central message film life go christmas tradition continuing despite disruption caused bombing order encourage support american population film designed shake complacency neutral america depicting resilience determination defiance british civilian one window cleaner example shown putting poster stating business usual youve got window well clean chimney well released britain film distributed america warner brother whose income distributing film donated spitfire fund used help raf construction spitfire aircraft christmas fire nominated academy award best documentary short losing stuart legg film churchill island another work wartime defence britain film included volume british film institute gpo film unit dvd collection war come super release also exists list christmas film christmas fire imdb christmas fire youtube bfi national archive christmas fire bfi screenonline |
8,370 | 62,726,003 | 0 | Downing Street Christmas tree | Kingdom | downing street christmas tree christmas tree placed downing street outside downing street official office residence prime minister united kingdom arrives near end november lit early december live bbc news programme tradition began margaret thatcher office member british christmas tree grower association take part annual competition growth year champion festive wreath winner provide tree wreath display outside downing street entry judged fellow grower around two month christmas various category winning tree must half foot tall metre tree ceremonially lit prime minister spouse usually say word first event attended various guest staff member charity volunteer british armed force family sing christmas carol afterward david cameron asked finalist x factor assist lighting prime minister gordon brown wife sarah hit light help cub scout beaver scout trafalgar square christmas tree white house christmas tree downing street official website british christmas tree grower association homepage |
8,371 | 44,323,191 | 0 | John Lewis Christmas advert | Kingdom | john lewis christmas advert ongoing television advertising campaign released british department store chain john lewis partner buildup christmas john lewis partner launched first christmas advert since become something annual tradition uk one signal countdown christmas begun advert tend attract widespread medium coverage acclaim upon release advert promoted john lewis partner waitrose partner song used advertising campaign frequently cover excluding existing song different artist often reached high position uk single chart original version often receive sale boost ellie goulding gabrielle aplin lily allen aurora tom odell vault among artist whose music appeared john lewis christmas advert sir elton john became first artist perform star advert lola young chosen cover hit together electric dream slowed arrangement altfolk duo portrait accusing retailer copying version song recorded londonbased agency adam eveddb conceived advert since saatchi saatchi recently taken responsibility retailer advertising advert led fierce competition notably sainsburys mark spencer boot john lewis honoured ipa effectiveness award campaign point awarded top prize awarded company showcasing rewarding campaign demonstrate marketing payback official website john lewis tv advert music |
8,372 | 37,956,706 | 0 | Christmas jumper | Kingdom | christmas jumper also christmas sweater sweater themed christmas winterstyle design often worn festive season often knitted traditional approach roll neck turtleneck toppulled garment generally said embellishment tinsel reindeer sparkle make sweater ugly term ugly sweater united kingdom christmas jumper became popular variety television presenter gyles brandreth timmy mallett began wearing christmas holiday particular popularity may attributed influence singer andy williams val doonican appeared type jumper television christmas special ireland late late show host wear extravagant jumper christmas late late toy show often seen handmade present knitted elderly relative given christmas present seen gag gift fell favour featured something embarrassed film bridget jones diary gained camp appeal online retailer amazon reporting increase sale trend followed number celebrity ugly christmas sweater contest held annually united state british newspaper daily telegraph described season must retailer topman selling different design alone reporting sale increased compared higher end fashion label also produced christmas jumper including burberry jil sander even metal band slayer released one part merchandise range charity save child run annual christmas jumper day year december using slogan make world better sweater encourages people raise money charity wearing christmas jumper specific day new york time reported major venue sweater sale independent company website uglysweater themed name environmental charity hubbub reported christmas jumper made using plastic twofifths worn spokeswoman hubbub described christmas jumper one worst example fast fashion urged people swap buy secondhand rewear rather buy new medium related christmas jumper wikimedia common |
8,374 | 24,504,237 | 0 | List of Christmas television episodes and specials in the United Kingdom | Kingdom | following list united kingdom christmas television special well christmasthemed episode regular television series creature great small call midwife casualty holby city doctor father brown grange hill jonathan creek bad girl darling bud may downton abbey bill heartbeat royal midsomer murder northern light taggart upstairs downstairs point child youve gone allo allo served bird feather bread brittas empire catherine tate show citizen khan citizen smith dad army detective dinnerladies ghost happy ever terry june insert name keeping appearance last summer wine live apollo miranda mock week morecambe wise show mr brown boy family going one foot grave fool horse green green grass rock chip open hour still open hour outnumbered porridge qi rab c nesbitt royle family mother ave em steptoe son still game sykes terry june till death u part sickness health manor born two ronnies vicar dibley upstart crow victoria wood waiting god would lie carry creature comfort bird feather originally aired bbc one fresh field french field george mildred morecambe wise show nearest dearest bus robin nest shelley thats boy watching youre young twice mids mids british christmas television play popular television programming genre sea oclock club basil brush show chucklevision david walliams adaptation shown bbc one sometimes repeated cbbc ratburger shown sky one friday download julia donaldson adaptation shown bbc one millie inbetween norman hunter adaptation shown bbc one sometimes repeated cbbc slammer top class balamory bob builder fireman sam furchester hotel justins house postman pat sarah duck teletubbies tweenies horrid henry mr bean animated tv series parent alien thomas tank engine friend thomas friend peppa pig ben holly little kingdom fireman sam thomas friend thomas friend big world big adventure gerry anderson production sometimes repeated bbc one originally shown itv raymond briggs adaptation usual shown channel ant dec saturday night takeaway christmas ant dec christmas show funny side christmas greatest christmas comedy moment oz hugh drink christmas real hustle scam christmas ruth jones christmas cracker –present gadget man guide christmas christmas cracker channel alternative christmas message – present midnight mass – present – every year christmas morning start bbc midnight mass catholic royal institution christmas lecture – present note royal institution christmas lecture going since started broadcast royal christmas message – – present note royal christmas message read far back king george v radio george vi – – queen elizabeth ii read radio wasnt event televised song praise – present – every year song praise celebrates advent sunday leading christmas text santa star bethlehem live satellite transmission featured christmas music around world u contribution included remote shopping mall columbia south carolina cbn studio virginia beach virginia christmas medium list doctor christmas new year special list christmas television special list united state christmas television episode list united state christmas television special list christmas carol adaptation list christmas film list madefortelevision directtovideo christmas film christmas music list halloween television special list thanksgiving television special list television special |
8,375 | 476,654 | 0 | Little Christmas | Kingdom | little christmas irish nollaig na mban lit womens christmas also known old christmas green christmas twelfth night one traditional name among irish christian amish january also known widely feast epiphany celebrated conclusion twelve day christmastide traditional end christmas season last day christmas holiday primary secondary school ireland owing difference liturgical calendar early fourth century church eastern roman empire celebrating christmas january western roman empire celebrating december october pope gregory xiii introduced gregorian calendar correction julian calendar latter many leap year cause drift alignment solar year liturgical significance since calculation date easter assumes spring equinox northern hemisphere occurs march correct accumulated error ordained date advanced ten day roman catholic country adopted new calendar immediately protestant country followed suit following year particular british empire including american colony calendar new style act time divergence grown eleven day meant christmas day december new style eleven day earlier would act making old christmas december old style happen january n february julian calendar another leap year gregorian moving old christmas january n coincided feast epiphany reason part world feast epiphany traditionally observed january sometimes referred old christmas old christmas day although also leap year gregorian calendar thus julian december since year coincided january gregorian calendar custom celebrating little christmas january change scottish highland term little christmas scottish gaelic nollaig bheag applied new year day also known là challuinn là na bliadhna ùire epiphany known là féill nan rìgh feastday king transalpine redemptorists live papa stronsay scotland celebrate little christmas twentyfifth day every month except december twentyfifth day celebrated christmas day custom blessing home epiphany developed feast commemorates time three king visited home holy family late th century day also known little christmas part england lancashire isle man new year day january formerly called laa nolick beg manx little christmas day january referred old christmas day name little christmas also found language including slovene mali božič galician nadalinho ukrainian scandinavia main celebration christmas christmas eve december evening december known little christmas eve danish lillejuleaften part spanishspeaking world emphasis christmas day family dinner reunion church attendance gift exchanged feast epiphany according tradition three wise men magi brought gift gold frankincense myrrh child jesus tradition name melchior caspar balthazar important celebration spanishspeaking country mainly dedicated child receive gift morning january country like spain public holiday mark end christmas season started christmas eve december western christian world two traditional day christmas decoration removed twelfth night night feast epiphany taken day candlemas latter end christmasepiphany season denomination eastern orthodox country including russia old christmas old new year celebrated th th january addition modern date anabaptist amish mennonite celebrate christmas religious feastday january celebration christmas day january reflected word cherrytree carol english folksong migrated appalachia eastern united state paper observance old christmas southern appalachia c r young writes sometime twentieth century singer may appalachian resident turned question mary asks jesus regard world query joseph put unborn baby taking mary left knee inquires birthday jesus responds sixth day january birthday shall star element shall tremble glee young report bill kitchen isom advocate old christmas whose rendering carol jean thomas recorded carter county kentucky gave wind word twas sixth day january angel sing shepherd drew nigh gift bring holiday also recognized certain ozark community section arkansas people bury entrails black hen hearth old christmas said protect house destruction lightning fire know peckerwood family bury chicken gut hearth recently far enlightened metropolis hot spring ireland little christmas also called nollaig na mban irish womens christmas english day called traditionally men would take would seen traditional female household duty day giving woman day goose traditional meat served womens christmas woman customarily hold party go socialise female friend relative day result party woman girl common bar restaurant night tradition dying part country hospitality industry specifically advertises event aimed celebrating nollaig na mban number nollaig na mban event took place around country dublin city council held nollaig na mban festival celebrating woman inner city men trillick st macartans gaelic athletic club organised served thank high tea woman life woman took part sea swim around country raise fund womens aid domestic violence charity ireland traditional day remove christmas tree decoration seen bad luck leave place past twelfth day christmas little christmas also figure irish set dancing refers figure half set four dancer join hand linked behind partner lower back whole figure proceeds rotate clockwise motion usually eight bar dance concerned female participant enacted traditional celebration house visit slightly subversive tone taking active male role switching partner partner chalking door article james joyce quarterly reference womens christmas work james joyce mary burke |
8,376 | 30,456,703 | 0 | Mummering | Kingdom | mummering christmastime housevisiting tradition practiced newfoundland labrador ireland city philadelphia part united kingdom also known mumming janneying typically involves group friend family dress disguise visit home within community neighboring community twelve day christmas mummer welcomed house often variety informal performance may include dance music joke recitation host must guess mummer identity offering food drink may poke prod mummer ask question make challenge host mummer may stuff costume crossdress speak inhaling ingressive speech mummer identified remove disguise spend social time host travel group next home old christmas custom england ireland mummering version modern form traced back newfoundland th century although unclear precisely tradition brought newfoundland english irish earliest record date back state tradition brought newfoundland irish immigrant county wexford tradition varied continues vary community community formal aspect tradition mummer play largely died informal housevisiting remaining predominant form june act make provision prevention nuisance introduced response death isaac mercer bay robert mercer murdered group masked mummer december bill made illegal wear disguise public without permission local magistrate mummering rural community continued despite passage bill although practice die larger town city mummering experienced revival thanks locally popular musical duo simani wrote recorded mummer allowed commonly referred mummer song folklorist dr joy fraser noted common many folk revival resurgence christmas mummering newfoundland largely based selective idealised conceptualisation custom part revival one particular form mummering informal housevisit described come represent custom newfoundland whole form equally prominent island’s cultural history received comparatively little attention heritage foundation newfoundland labrador intangible cultural heritage office established would become annual mummer festival culminating mummer parade st john success festival influenced part another revitalization increase interest tradition province ugly stick koliada ķekatas annual mummer festival st john newfoundland christmas tradition memorial university intangible cultural heritage website |
8,377 | 38,060,068 | 0 | Panto! | Kingdom | panto oneoff christmas special made baby cow production broadcast itv thursday december special centre lewis loud local morecambe disk jockey stage debut dick whittington grand theatre lancaster jack lad lewis loud john bishop early morning radio show morecambe fm less impressed producer deborah lisa jackson side show lewis head rehearsal first ever pantomime dick whittington romance dick tamsin sheridan smith blossoming tamsin also known mad mindy axe murderer nation favourite soap full dressrehearsal called show producer di samantha spiro tension begin build dis nervous daughter chantelle ami metcalf star obvious miscast love interest dick director francis mark benton try hard pull show together di keep interfering decision johnny darby michael cochrane famous channel star go drag accident prone chesney hawkes try make show happening lewis son paul played bishop reallife son daniel dropped lewis exwife gina kaye wragg new boyfriend tony trevor dwyerlynch go exotic holiday creating jingle toilet company tamsin get offered agent jerry kenneth cranham go celebrity sleigh ride new reality show see celebrity battling north pole voteoff day day tamsin take offer agent also offering lewis go decline face responsibility paul cast reformed match show paul playing cat greg chip dean whatton original cat playing dick gina dump tony coming back airport flight cancelled toilet company went bust end lewis play football paul show success john bishop lewis loud sheridan smith tamsin taylor samantha spiro di jenkins daniel bishop paul michael cochrane johnny darby chesney hawkes mark benton francis de winter ami metcalf chantelle jenkins dean whatton greg chip kaye wragg gina trevor dwyerlynch tony john macmillan finlay lisa jackson deborah kenneth cranham jerry panto imdb |
8,378 | 2,101,713 | 0 | Pantomime | Kingdom | pantomime informally panto type musical comedy stage production designed family entertainment developed england performed throughout united kingdom ireland lesser extent englishspeaking country especially christmas new year season modern pantomime includes song gag slapstick comedy dancing generally combine gendercrossing actor topical humour story less based wellknown fairy tale fable folk tale pantomime participatory form theatre audience encouraged expected sing along certain part music shout phrase performer pantomime long theatrical history western culture dating back era classical theatre developed partly th century commedia dellarte tradition italy european british stage tradition thcentury masque music hall important part pantomime late th century harlequinade outside british isle word pantomime often understood mean miming rather theatrical form described word pantomime adopted latin word pantomimus turn derives greek word παντόμιμος pantomimos consisting παντο panto meaning μῖμος mimos meaning dancer acted role story roman pantomime drew upon greek tragedy greek genre inception although art instituted ancient rome little known preroman greece english word came applied performance according lost oration aelius aristides pantomime known erotic content effeminacy dancing aristidess work responded libanius oration behalf dancer written probably around ad roman pantomime production usually based upon myth legend solo male dancer—clad long silk tunic short mantle pallium often used prop—accompanied sung libretto called fabula saltica dancestory rendered singer chorus though lucian state originally pantomime singer music supplied flute pulse ironshod shoe called scabellum performance might private household minimal personnel else lavish theatrical production involving large orchestra chorus sometimes ancillary actor dancer danced role relying mask stock pose gesture handlanguage cheironomy complex expressive pantomime hand commonly compared eloquent mouth pantomime differed mime artistic nature relative lack farce coarse humour though absent production roman pantomime immensely popular end first century bc end sixth century ad form entertainment spread throughout empire wordless nature art foster knowledge myth roman legend formed subjectmatter – tale love venus mar dido aeneas – italy chief exponent celebrity often protegés influential citizen whose follower wore badge proclaiming allegiance engaged streetfights rival group accompanying song became widely known yet limit imposed upon roman citizen dance populism songtexts factor art much despised adored practitioner usually slave freedman low status disappearance libretto roman pantomime received little modern scholarly attention late th century despite great influence upon roman culture perceived roman art statue famous dancer graffiti object literature renaissance classical culture roman pantomime decisive influence upon modern european concert dance helping transform ballet mere entertainment display technical virtuosity dramatic ballet daction became antecedent writer balletmasters th th century claudefrançois ménestrier – john weaver – jeangeorges noverre – gasparo angiolini – earned respectability attested capability dance render complex story express human emotion middle age mummer play traditional english folk play based loosely saint george dragon legend usually performed christmas gathering contained origin many archetypal element pantomime stage fight coarse humour fantastic creature gender role reversal good defeating evil precursor pantomime also included masque grew pomp spectacle th th century commedia dellarte early english adaptation development english pantomime also strongly influenced continental commedia dellarte form popular theatre arose italy early modern period comedy professional artist travelling province province italy france improvised told comic story held lesson crowd changing main character depending performing scenario used stock character included innamorati young lover vecchi old men pantalone zanni servant arlecchino colombina scaramouche pierrot italian masque performance th century sometimes included harlequin character th century adaptation commedia character became familiar english entertainment standard english harlequinade developed depicting eloping lover harlequin columbine pursued girl father pantaloon comic servant clown pierrot english version th century harlequin became central figure romantic lead basic plot harlequinade remained essentially year except bumbling policeman added chase first two decade th century two rival london theatre lincoln inn field theatre theatre royal drury lane patent theatre presented production began seriously classical story contained element opera ballet ended comic night scene tavern bilkers john weaver dancing master drury lane cited first pantomime produced english stage production success weaver waited produce next pantomime including love mar venus – new entertainment dancing manner antient pantomime year produced pantomime subject perseus andromeda pantomime regular feature drury lane lincoln inn actor manager john rich introduced harlequin theatre pantomime name lun lunatic gained great popularity pantomime especially beginning production necromancer history dr faustus early pantomime silent dumb show performance consisting dancing gesture spoken drama allowed london two later three patent theatre parliament changed restriction large number french performer played london following suppression unlicensed theatre paris although constraint temporary english pantomime remained primarily visual decade dialogue introduced thcentury author wrote david garrick formed kind harlequinade different seen opéracomique paris harlequin character speak majority early pantomime retellings story ancient greek roman literature break two act harlequinade zany comic business performed theatre historian david mayer explains use batte slapstick transformation scene led harlequinade rich gave harlequin power create stage magic league offstage craftsman operated trick scenery armed magic sword bat actually slapstick rich harlequin treated weapon wand striking scenery sustain illusion changing setting one locale another object transformed harlequin magic bat pantomime gradually became topical comic often involving spectacular elaborate theatrical effect far possible colley cibber david garrick others competed rich produced pantomime pantomime continued grow popularity – early pantomime classical story often supplanted story adapted european fairy tale fable folk tale classic english literature nursery rhyme also harlequinade grew importance often longest important part entertainment pantomime usually dual title gave often humorous idea pantomime story harlequinade harlequin harlequin second case harlequin used adjective followed word described pantomime opening example harlequin cock robin jenny wren fortunatus water life three bear three gift three wish little man wood little maid harlequin first word first word harlequin initially important character title continued include word harlequin even first decade joseph grimaldi came dominate london pantomime made character clown colourful agent chaos important entertainment harlequin time harlequin began portrayed romantic stylised way grimaldis performance elevated role acute observation upon foible absurdity society happy talent holding ridicule finest practical satyrist sic ever existed extravagantly natural saturnine lookeron acknowledged sway neither wise proud fair young old ashamed laugh till tear coursed cheek joe comicality grimaldis performance important expanding importance harlequinade dominated pantomime entertainment therefore child went theatre around christmas new year holiday often easter time primarily witness craziness harlequinade chase scene exciting part panto fastpaced included spectacular scenic magic well slapstick comedy dancing acrobatics presence slapstick part show evolved character found italian commedia dellarte plot harlequinade relatively simple starcrossed lover harlequin columbine run away columbine foolish father pantaloon slowed pursuit servant clown bumbling policeman time grimaldi clown became principal schemer trying thwart lover pantaloon merely assistant opening fairy story often blended story love triangle crossgrained old father owns business whose pretty daughter pursued two suitor one love poor worthy father prefers wealthy fop another character servant father establishment daughter forcibly wed fop elope lover good fairy arrives followed often spectacular part production magical transformation scene early pantomime harlequin possessed magical power used help love interest escape would tap wooden sword derivative commedia dellarte slapstick batte floor scenery make grand transition world around take place scene would switch inside house castle generally speaking street town storefront backdrop transformation sequence presided fairy queen fairy godmother character good fairy magically transformed lead opening fairy story new identity harlequinade character following example speech fairy would give transformation passage pantomime adaptation guy fawkes story fairy creates character harlequinade typical fashion simply telling character change principal male female character beginning plotline often played young woman became lover columbine harlequin mother father columbine became pantaloon servant comic character became clown would transition new character scenery around changed would proceed zany fun section performance time grimaldi clown would see transformed setting cry harlequinade began various chase scene harlequin columbine manage escape clutch clown pantaloon despite acrobatic leap former window atop ladder often wellmeaning misguided action policeman eventually dark scene cave forest lover caught harlequin magic wand seized grasp clown would flourish triumph good fairy would reappear father agreed marriage young lover would transport whole company grand final scene end harlequinade despite visible decline pantomime still fought stay alive theatre original patent theatre permitted perform spoken dialogue importance silent harlequinade began decrease importance fairytale part pantomime increased two writer helped elevate importance popularity fairytale portion pantomime james planché henry james byron emphasized pun humorous word play tradition continues pantomime today manager drury lane augustus harris produced cowrote series extraordinarily popular pantomime focusing spectacle production pushed transition emphasizing comic business pantomime opening grand processional end th century harlequinade become merely brief epilogue pantomime dwindling brief display dancing acrobatics lingered decade longer finally disappeared although comic element incorporated pantomime story last harlequinade played lyceum theatre wellknown pantomime artist era included william payne son payne brother vesta tilley dan leno herbert campbell little tich clarice mayne dorothy ward cullen carthy traditionally performed around christmas family audience british pantomime continues popular form theatre incorporating song dance buffoonery slapstick crossdressing injokes topical reference audience participation mild sexual innuendo scottish comedian craig ferguson memoir summarizes contemporary pantomime classic folklore fairy tale loosely retold slapstick theatrical comedymusical writing think mamma mia featuring three stooge everyones back catalogue abbas furthermore including audience participation reminiscent showing film rocky horror picture show pantomime story line script usually make direct reference christmas almost always based traditional childrens story particularly fairy tale charles perrault joseph jacob han christian andersen grimm brother popular pantomime story include cinderella aladdin dick whittington cat snow white seven dwarf well jack beanstalk peter pan pus boot sleeping beauty traditional story include mother goose beauty beast robinson crusoe wizard oz babe wood combined element robin hood little red riding hood goldilocks three bear sinbad st george dragon bluebeard little mermaid thumbelina prior many story made pantomime familiarity audience original childrens story generally assumed plot line almost always adapted comic satirical effect character situation story often interpolated plot instance panto version aladdin may include element ali baba forty thief arabian night tale jack beanstalk might include reference nursery rhyme childrens story involving character called jack jack jill certain familiar scene tend recur regardless plot relevance highly unlikely resolution plot common straight retellings original story rare form number convention changed weakened little year mean obligatory convention common genre popular theatre melodrama leading male juvenile character principal boy traditionally played young woman male garment breech romantic partner usually principal girl female ingénue older woman pantomime dame – often hero mother usually played man drag risqué double entendre often wringing innuendo perfectly innocent phrase intended understood child audience entertainment adult audience participation including call he behind look behind oh yes oh isnt audience always encouraged hiss jeer villain awwwww poor victim rejected dame usually enamoured one male character music may original likely combine wellknown tune rewritten lyric least one audience participation song traditional one half audience may challenged sing chorus louder half child audience may even invited stage sing along member cast animal played actor animal skin animal costume often pantomime horse cow though could even camel appropriate setting played two actor single costume one head front leg body back leg good fairy enters stage right left audience perspective villain enters stage left right audience perspective convention go back medieval mystery play right side stage symbolised heaven left side symbolised hell slapstick comedy routine slosh scene may performed often decorating baking scene humour based throwing messy substance th century british pantomime often concluded harlequinade freestanding entertainment slapstick since slapstick incorporated main body show th century pantomime typically included transformation scene fairy queen magically transformed pantomime character character harlequinade performed harlequinade chorus considered extra onstage often appear multiple scene different character perform variety song dance throughout show multiple role may much stagetime lead character point performance character including dame comic sit bench sing cheerful song forget fear thing fear often ghost appears behind first character ignore audience warning danger character soon circle bench followed ghost audience cry behind one one character see ghost run last dame ghost come face face whereupon ghost frightened visage dame run away another pantomime tradition engage celebrity guest star practice date back late th century augustus harris proprietor theatre royal drury lane hired wellknown variety artist pantomime contemporary pantomime production often adapted allow star showcase wellknown act even spot little relation pantomime plot critic michael billington argued star enters spirit entertainment likely add overall effect becomes showcase star stand outside action celebrity presence likely detracts notwithstanding marketing advantage star brings piece billington said ian mckellen aladdin let hair lift skirt reveal nifty pair leg appetite double entendre told decorator front porch could good lick mckellen adopts suitable look mockoutrage least tell grandchild saw mckellens twankey huge main role within pantomime usually follows pantomime performed united kingdom ireland switzerland australasia canada jamaica south africa malta andorra among place performed mostly christmas new year season many theatre city town throughout united kingdom ireland continue present annual professional pantomime pantomime also popular amateur dramatics society throughout uk ireland pantomime season roughly speaking late november february production staged many village hall similar venue across country kitty gurnosdavies state doctoral dissertation pantomime responsible live performance uk one year – season saw pantomime performance generating £m first time recorded british history first produced annually andorra englishspeaking mum group british expatriate community teatre de le fontetes parish la massana produced english englishspeaking international volunteer part advent celebration supported comú de la massana local business club international dandorra vallnord ski station raise money recently less privileged child andorra pantomime australia christmas popular genre declined greatly since middle th century several later professional production recover cost christmas pantomime performed yearly hudson village theatre quebec since ross petty production staged pantomime toronto elgin theatre christmas season pantomime imported england produced royal alexandra theatre white rock player club white rock bc presented annual pantomime christmas season since royal canadian theatre company produce pantomime british columbia written ellie king since theatre replacement producing east van panto partnership cultch vancouver national pantomime jamaica started educator henry fowler greta fowler pioneer little theatre movement jamaica among first player louise bennettcoverley notable player included oliver samuel charles hyatt willard white rita marley dawn penn annual pantomime open boxing day little theatre kingston strongly influenced aspect jamaican culture folklore history pantomime imported british expatriate audience later adapted maltese producer maltese audience many former territory british empire pantomime declined popularity independence seen symbol colonial rule study shown genre remains strong malta pantomime brought switzerland british immigrant performed regularly geneva since basel since hangar basel airport geneva amateur operatic society performed pantomime annually since since basel english panto group performed scala basel december annual pantomime running christmas uae elsewhere gcc since mainly performed dubai panto trade name h productionsae conjunction outside box event llc increased three pantomime christmas since – dubai abu dhabi one location dubai pantomime theatre queen elizabeth cruise ship theatre erth hotel abu dhabi formerly armed force officer club hotel pantomime described article seldom performed united state recent decade consequence american commonly understand word pantomime refer art mime practised mime artist according russell peck university rochester earliest pantomime production u cinderella pantomime production new york march new york august philadelphia baltimore production olympic theatre new york humpty dumpty ran least performance one source say performance becoming longestrunning pantomime history production cinderella ucla freud theatre starring zsa zsa gabor since people light theatre company malvern pennsylvania presenting annual christmas pantomime season stage repertory theatre houston texas performing original pantomimestyle musical christmas holiday since lythgoe family production produced christmas pantomime since california itv panto victorian burlesque weihnachtsmärchen christmas fairy tale purim spiel broadbent rj history pantomime london simpkin marshall hamilton kent co ltd chaffee judith olly crick routledge companion commedia dellarte routledge isbn hall e r wyles ed new direction ancient pantomime oxford lawner lynne harlequin moon new york harry n abrams mayer david iii harlequin element english pantomime – cambridge massachusetts harvard university press isbn mcconnell stott andrew pantomime life joseph grimaldi edinburgh canongate book isbn richards jeffrey golden age pantomime slapstick spectacle subversion victorian england b tauris isbn smith winifred commedia dellarte new york benjamin blom wilson e story pantomime london home van thal musicaltalk podcast – discussing british pantomime origin tradition geneva amateur operatic society pantomime show uk archived wayback machine secret pantomime society theatre britain madrid player panto wale seen american eye pantomime archived wayback machine catherine haill v rise fall pantomime harlequinade |
8,379 | 1,273,179 | 0 | Royal Christmas message | Kingdom | king christmas message queen christmas message queen reign formally majesty gracious speech informally royal christmas message broadcast made sovereign united kingdom commonwealth realm commonwealth nation year christmas tradition began radio broadcast king george v via british broadcasting corporation empire service message broadcast television radio internet via various provider usually broadcast gmt christmas day unlike speech king speech state opening parliament written government christmas speech personal message written monarch input spouse direct advisor idea christmas message sovereign british empire first proposed founding directorgeneral british broadcasting corporation bbc john reith approached king george v making short broadcast newly created radio service king declined however believing radio mainly entertainment reith approached king ten year later way inaugurate empire service world service king finally agreed encouraged queen mary prime minister ramsay macdonald year king george v read first royal christmas message scripted rudyard kipling king originally hesitant using relatively untested medium radio reassured summertime visit bbc agreed carry concept read speech temporary studio set sandringham house christmas broadcast introduced ilmington manor yearold walton handy local shepherd carol church choir bell ringing town church reached estimated million people australia canada india kenya south africa united kingdom brother king edward viii abdicated first christmas king king george vi continued father christmas broadcast reading delivered opening stage second world war uttered famous line said man stood gate year give light may tread safely unknown replied go darkness put hand hand god shall better light safer known way many year king speech came end hourlong broadcast greeting various part british empire commonwealth typically included interview ordinary people many occupation innkeeper english village miner south africa lifeguard australia king speech serving bond tying commonwealth together george daughter successor queen elizabeth ii delivered first christmas message study sandringham house pm december approximately ten month father death five year later message broadcast television first time annual television broadcast every year since exception queen heavily pregnant year message given special documentary film royal family produced summer connection investiture prince wale therefore decided broadcast christmas queen issued written message instead christmas broadcast always produced bbc monopoly ended announced message would produced broadcast alternately bbc main rival independent television news itn biennial rotation reported daily telegraph decision made bbc decided screen interview diana princess wale current affair programme panorama denied buckingham palace said new arrangement reflect composition television radio industry today beginning sky news added rotation sky news recorded queen christmas message christmas queen diamond jubilee year first time recorded buckingham palace reported stated wanted something bit different special jubilee year first time seemed good thing technology wise reign queen elizabeth ii theme direction speech decided queen text largely written queen sometimes assistance husband prince philip staff later year reign speech became personal religious tone son successor king charles iii reportedly writes script christmas message without input staff traditionally message begin british national anthem god save king queen except – ended message message typically combine chronicle year major event specific focus commonwealth nation sovereign personal milestone feeling christmas one instance sovereign speaks publicly without advice minister crown monarch realm planning year address begin month earlier monarch establishes theme appropriate archival footage collected assembled actual speech recorded day prior christmas timing internet united kingdom broadcast king christmas message embargoed gmt december new zealand first country commonwealth broadcast message airwave local time gmt radio new zealand rnz national television new zealand tvnz australia message broadcast australian broadcasting corporation local time gmt depending time zone canada canadian broadcasting corporation broadcast message generally noon local time cbc television pm pm gmt depending time zone local time cbc radio one cbc music private station ctv also carry speech outside commonwealth cspan united state air king message time vary depending network schedule american radio station air broadcast although area bordering canada receive via cbc message abdicated prior would first christmas throne queen wilhelmina netherlands delivered first christmas message airwave also broadcast dutch east indie suriname dutch west indie via shortwave radio station pcjj reign daughter juliana royal christmas message become annual tradition pope delivers christmas message world head state country adopted tradition message christmas including king sweden king belgian president germany king spain beginning others modified practice issuing statement coincide new year done governorsgeneral canada new zealand king denmark king norway king thailand president china finland france hungary italy philippine poland portugal russian federation well chancellor germany archbishop canterbury spiritual leader anglican communion also give new year day speech british prime minister issue short christmas message prime minister new year message extensively reflects last year government intention new year prime minister canada record short christmas greeting yang dipertuan agong malaysia make speech official birthday june national hero day july prime minister malaysia also make speech new year day also night eid ulfitr eve independence day prime minister singapore give speech occasion national day singapore past governor hong kong representative british monarch played role tradition carried chief executive hong kong upon territory transfer sovereignty china president united state also give christmas message part president weekly address message come within day christmas christmas day president may also give christmas message soldier serving u armed force opposition party may also give christmas message part response president weekly address addition beginning u president ronald reagan soviet union general secretary mikhail gorbachev exchanged televised new year day address others respective nation exchange continued president george h w bush gorbachev dissolution soviet union alternative christmas message christmas eve national speech special address british monarch prime minister new year message cadena nacional work related royal christmas message wikisource medium related royal christmas message united kingdom wikimedia common royal family channel youtube royal family technology history christmas broadcast |
8,380 | 1,847,603 | 0 | Royal Institution Christmas Lectures | Kingdom | royal institution christmas lecture series lecture single topic held royal institution london year since lecture present scientific subject general audience including young people informative entertaining manner michael faraday conceived initiated christmas lecture series time organised education young people scarce many christmas lecture published royal institution christmas lecture first held continued annual basis since except four year second world war hosted year royal institution except time due refurbishment building created michael faraday later hosted lecture season nineteen occasion nobel laureate sir william bragg gave christmas lecture four occasion colaureate son sir lawrence bragg gave twice notable lecturer included desmond morris eric laithwaite sir george porter sir david attenborough heinz wolff carl sagan richard dawkins baroness susan greenfield dame nancy rothwell monica grady sue hartley alison woollard danielle george saiful islam prop lecture designed created ri science demonstration technician post faraday previously held popular technician advent television serving bill coates technician informed general subject lecture spring specific settled september recording made middecember lecture expanded series five session year however royal institution cut back cost become £ million debt resulted reduction five session three single christmas lecture g taylor first televised bbcs fledgling television service broadcast bbc two channel one lecture broadcast live first time following end channel contract broadcast lecture concern might simply dropped scheduling channel negotiating royal institution potential change format bbc announced bbc show lecture feel broadcasting environment moved last four year channel five subsequently agreed show lecture announcement met derision academic lecture broadcast lecture returned bbc tenyear absence broadcaster shown bbc four year since professor susan greenfield became first female scientist present christmas lecture first nonwhite science lecturer kevin fong august announced professor christopher jackson would jointly present lecture series thus becoming first black scientist january ri launched appeal trace copy televised lecture missing bbcs archive complete series five lecture plus one episode david attenboroughs lecture language animal following complete list christmas lecture following list televised christmas lecture onward december christmas lecture online ri channel royal institution christmas lecture bbc online |
8,381 | 8,279,557 | 0 | List of UK singles chart Christmas number twos | Kingdom | every year uk single chart highly publicised race top slot chart immediately prior christmas honour known christmas number one uk public take particular interest chart performance sale single especially high two week christmas race first position christmas become british institution people speculate comment bet upon outcome following list uk single chart christmas number two song came second place chart christmas number one highly coveted prize united kingdom much coattail slipstream effect occurs competing song earning publicity regardless whether succeed pr music list popular christmas song year top three song song finished second chart fairytale new york pogues kirsty maccoll beaten pet shop boy cover always mind last christmas wham second band aid know christmas also appears top pr chart last christmas would finish number two finally reached christmas number one want christmas considered christmas standard uk performer mariah careys native united state one lost christmas numberone east stay another day would reenter chart peaking second time ladbaby case christmas numberone novelty song little shelf life christmas season whereas numbertwo greater life recurrent rotation example there one quite like grandma st winifreds school choir song forced like starting recently deceased john lennon numberone spot lennon returned numberone week christmas group christmas number one two year beatles feat achieved twice george michael ed sheeran twice elton john appeared first second chart part different acts—michael band aid wham sheeran solo artist featured artist eminem sheeran john duo featured artist ladbaby appearance sheeran john also time artist appeared first second different version essentially song scoring second merry christmas first parody sausage roll everyone cliff richard finished second christmas chart four time act highest selling christmas numbertwo last christmas wham also time record finished first second separate year followed love beatles another factor greater interest christmas number two growing influence reality television programme chart popstars rival produced top three single christmas uk single chart choir produced numberone single indirectly sustained realityorientated run top christmas chart x factor whose winner charted number one number two chart every year second series bookmaker began notice x factor trend assuming x factor single would certainty number one started taking bet christmas number two would instead x factor dominance also led numerous novelty campaign attempt prevent show winner reaching top chart although killing name rage machine successful charity record pushed xfactor winner numbertwo xfactor winner pushed two record would eventually sell million copy number two x factor winning single plummeted dramatically popularity beginning single forever young louisa johnson sale fell yearoveryear cancelled track marked top chart either runup shortly christmas list uk single chart christmas number one |
8,382 | 182,420 | 0 | The Snowman | Kingdom | snowman british animated television film symphonic poem based raymond briggss picture book snowman directed dianne jackson channel first shown december immediate success nominated best animated short film th academy award bafta tv award story told picture action music scored howard blake dialogue exception central song walking air orchestral score performed sinfonia london song performed peter auty st paul cathedral choirboy film ranked number greatest british television programme list drawn british film institute based vote industry professional voted number uktv gold greatest tv christmas moment came third channel poll greatest christmas moment broadcast usually christmas eve channel become annual festive event uk sequel snowman snowdog released snowman wordless childrens picture book raymond briggs first published hamish hamilton united kingdom published random house united state november year united kingdom runnerup kate greenaway medal library association recognising year best childrens book illustration british writer united state named lewis carroll shelf award list iain harvey film executive producer publisher hamish hamilton recall book initially sold well second print less successful unsold copy sitting warehouse attribute lack dialogue preventing read bedtime story contacted producer john coates tvc television cartoon idea adapting book animated film gave consent march coates presented animatic storyboard version basic piano track howard blake including early version walking air commissioning executive fledgeling channel new public service television company due begin broadcasting november director dianne jackson worked coates beatles yellow submarine mainly worked short animation commercial first time directing longer animated film result experienced animator jimmy murakami brought supervise film produced using traditional animation technique consisting pastel crayon colouring tool drawn piece celluloid traced hand drawn frame continuity purpose background artwork painted using tool story expanded fill minute include longer flying sequence take boy north pole party father christmas present picture book animator also brought personal touch – static sequence car replaced motorcycle ride one animator keen motorcyclist noted iain harvey sequence kept action flowing fun comedy boy snowman exploring house forming friendship – could better midnight run snowy landscape similarly although boy book unnamed film named james present tag added animator joanna harrison name boyfriend later husband interviewed raymond briggs recall thought bit corny twee dragging christmas snowman nothing worked extremely well boy home appears located south down england near brighton snowman fly royal pavilion palace pier raymond briggs lived sussex since composer howard blake also native county production team contacted howard blake early production difficulty finding right tone adapting wordless picture book blake suggested film feature dialogue instead throughcomposed orchestral soundtrack recall song walking air written year earlier difficult period life song formed main theme work blake told financial time wanted incorporate lyric symphony expressed complete innocence beauty born blake brought religion stating felt though idea came god howard blake orchestral score performed film sinfonia london song walking air sung film chorister peter auty credited original version given credit th anniversary version walking air covered chorister aled jones single peaked number five uk single chart jones sometimes mistakenly credited sung song film blake soundtrack snowman often performed standalone concert work often accompanying projection film sometimes narrator version narrator first performed bernard cribbins summer rural area brighton night heavy snowfall young boy named james wake play snow eventually building large snowman stroke midnight sneak downstairs find snowman magically come life james show snowman around house playing appliance toy bricabrac keeping quiet enough wake james parent two find sheeteddown motorcycle house garden go ride wood engine heat start melt snowman cool luxuriating garage freezer seeing picture arctic packet freezer snowman agitated take boy hand running garden take flight fly south down towards channel coast seeing royal pavilion brighton palace pier north along coast norway continue arctic landscape aurora borealis land snowcovered forest join party snowman eventually meet father christmas along reindeer give boy card scarf snowman pattern snowman return home james sun rise two bid farewell night following morning james wake find snowman melted leaving hat scarf coal eye tangerine nose coal button pile melted snow james kneel snowman remains holding scarf mourning loss friend original introduction channel feature raymond briggs walking field rural sussex describing inspiration story transition animated landscape film idea character older version james film executive producer iain harvey received interest film u network vhs release however noted u programme sponsored sponsored needed big name various name laurence olivier julie andrew suggested request rock star led david bowie involved fan briggss story wind blow later provided song animated adaptation sequence bowie filmed attic childhood home discovering drawer scarf closely resembling one given james towards end film proceeds narrate opening small variation briggs monologue celebrate film th anniversary channel created alternative opening directed roger mainwood raymond briggss interpretation father christmas recounting met james giving variation briggs monologue including heavy snow left even unable fly turn tv watch film opening segue comedian mel smith reprises role opening version also cropped fit widescreen format channel used opening mel smith death bowie opening reinstated turn returned film original aspect ratio film nominated best animated short film th academy award lost polish film tango zbigniew rybczyński bafta best childrens programme entertainmentdrama british academy television award also nominated best graphic grand prix tampere film festival finland named ala notable childrens video list british film institute greatest british television programme list drawn british film institute based vote industry professional listed voted uktv gold greatest tv christmas moment came third channel poll greatest christmas moment snowman originally released vhs palace video rereleased several time palace later polygram video universal studio home entertainment uk palace went business released vhs u columbia tristar home video snowman rereleased dvd special edition dvd bluray th anniversary edition united kingdom november universal studio home entertainment uk special edition peaked video chart home video release includes four extra feature snow business documentary story snowman storyboard introduction used throughout film first year film reentered uk official children’s video chart november eventually peaking december based sale dvd physical format universal dvd snowman father christmas – released united kingdom us bowie opening celebrate th anniversary original short channel minute special titled snowman snowdog aired channel christmas eve produced londonbased animation company lupus film many original team returning sequel made traditional technique first film feature snowman new young boy named billy snow dog flying landmark going another party idea sequel resisted raymond briggs several year gave permission film howard blake one crew member asked return allegedly asked send demo refused citing success original score new film instead feature song light night former razorlight drummer andy burrow incidental music ilan eshkeri sequel dedicated memory producer john coates died september production snowman made stage show first produced contact theatre manchester adapted produced anthony clark full script used howard blake music lyric birmingham repertory company produced version music lyric howard blake scenario blake bill alexander choreography robert north since sadlers well presented every year christmas show peacock theatre book film word apart lyric song walking air story told image movement special effect include snowman boy flying high stage assistance wire harness snow falling part auditorium production several revision – extensive happening major change made second act introducing new character ice princess jack frost quicksilva published official video game zx spectrum commodore msx granpa dianne jackson second animated film channel music howard blake father christmas – briggss earlier two work father christmas father christmas go holiday combined film released feature snowmens party north pole film year film event young boy snowman film seen background segment bear – another book raymond briggs also adapted minute animated version like film conveyed music action list christmas film official snowman website snowman imdb snowman bfi screenonline recording snowman walking air toonhound |
8,383 | 22,141,582 | 0 | Trafalgar Square Christmas tree | Kingdom | trafalgar square christmas tree christmas tree given people london city oslo year since tree prominently displayed trafalgar square beginning december january trafalgar square christmas tree annual gift people britain norway token gratitude british support norway second world war since first tree cut norwegian resistance fighter called mon urangsvåg raid hisøy island west coast norway bergen haugesund tree transported england norwegian king haakon vii exile given new tree since grown original stump tree provided central focus trafalgar square traditional carolsinging programme performed different group raising money voluntary charitable organisation tree remains twelfth night christmas taken recycling tree chipped composted make mulch trafalgar square christmas tree typically yearold norway spruce generally metre tall tree cut norway time november ceremony attended british ambassador norway mayor oslo lord mayor westminster tree cut shipped uk boat across sea one time shipped felixstowe free charge cargo ship fred olsen line least tree shipped across north sea immingham dfds tor line responsibility radius group transport guard erect tree trafalgar square trafalgar square tree decorated traditional norwegian style adorned white light tree utilised lowwattage halogen bulb used kw power base tree stand plaque bearing word tree given city oslo token norwegian gratitude people london assistance year tree given annually since tree lighting ceremony trafalgar square take place first thursday december attended thousand people ceremony led lord mayor westminster includes band choir followed switching christmas light traditionally tree provides focal point christmas carolling group many london tree accompanying carolling signal countdown christmas since poetry society commissioned new poem annually display banner around base tree schoolchildren also performed one poem lightingup ceremony londongovuk christmas trafalgar square trafalgar square christmas tree twitter |
8,384 | 18,117,661 | 0 | The Two Ronnies 1987 Christmas Special | Kingdom | two ronnies christmas special first broadcast bbc christmas day part th series show starring ronnie barker ronnie corbett also last outing barker decided retire showbiz elton john show musical guest singing candle wind general release show climaxed pinocchio ii killer doll sketch parody slasher film popular time sketch alone featured lynda baron barker open hour costar sandra dickinson alfred mark denis quilley frank finlay cameo american movie star charlton heston time special aired one except corbett knew barker decision mostly influenced concern health death fellow comedian richard beckinsale starred porridge eric morecambe reportedly frightened |
8,385 | 5,417,507 | 0 | Wait (musician) | Kingdom | medieval time early th century every british town city note band waite modern spelling wait waitts duty varied time time place place included playing instrument town night waking townsfolk dark winter morning playing window welcoming royal visitor playing town gate leading mayor procession civic occasion musical band often attired colourful livery case wore silver chain continental european country equivalent wait holland called stadspijpers germany stadtpfeifer italy pifferi see alta cappella town wait city wait former time england scotland watchman patrolled night using musical instrument show duty mark hour simple task later developed wait added instrument became proficient playing musically inclined family tended serve wait since easily open musical occupation surname waite wakeman derived individual worked wait ferdinando gibbon one wait cambridge son edmund elli orlando became notable musician tune extant named wait particular town city eg chester wait london wait instrument used wait varied usual instrument shawm loud piercing wind instrument suited outdoor playing played string instrument noted singing norwich shawm closely associated wait also known waitpipe wait provided salary livery silver chain office bearing town arm added dignity ceremonial occasion middle age th century town record include transaction concerning wait upon appointment provision cloak ribbon badge etc payment also made instrument hautboy bass viol fiddle bassoon city york record york wait early norwich wait thought originated early th century edinburgh wait tounis minstrel employed play morning evening also give special concert noon oliver cromwell visited mayor newcastle upon tyne town wait played mayor house joseph turnbull player northumbrian smallpipes portrait survives collection alnwick castle portrait wearing blue coat known uniform alnwick town wait elizabethan time court leet manor manchester appointed town wait undertake certain duty one playing morning evening together according others heretofore accustomed welcomed company skilful musician ordered said wait shall hereafter received play music every wedding dinner town result municipal corporation act wait abolished though name lingered christmas wait could group singer musician formed band order sing play carol money around town village night christmas period largely amateur musician today become associated name wait rather historical civic officer accomplished musician represented original wait list christmas carol text wikisource wait encyclopædia britannica th ed wait encyclopedia americana wait collier new encyclopedia wait website designed accumulate disseminate historical information wait advertise growing number revival band well equivalent throughout europe professor richard rastall archived wayback machine professor historical musicology university leeds includes downloadable copy thesis minstrel minstrelsy medieval britain city lincoln waite history waite lincoln baggshotte waytes canterbury wait city lincoln waite city musick london city waite colchester wait doncaster waite dresdner stadtpfeifer wait dresden germany faversham waytes gloucester waite leicester city waite longslade consort ludlow waite joch de ministrils del consell de mallorca king lynn waite leeds wait norwich wait oxford wait stadspijpers van shertogenbosch recreation dutch renaissance town band winchester waytes york wait |
8,386 | 59,281,294 | 0 | Whamageddon | Kingdom | whamageddon game played day christmas player try go december end christmas eve december without hearing last christmas wham player hears song day game post whamageddon social medium indicate lost exception game player listen remixes cover version song whilst encouraged website technically still part rule player send another player song play player loses game although whamageddon described survival game opposed battle royale game one earliest documented reference whamageddon appeared maniacforumde november online forum originally linked germanlanguage video game magazine game gtplanet sim racingthemed online forum started similar challenge name gtplanet v wham last christmas rule nearly apart game defined start date ending midnight december presence song within discussion thread prohibited facebook page created whamageddon new name revised date december dj sixfields stadium northampton england played last christmas crowd people intention making everyone present lose whamageddon game later apologized facing criticism rule official website whamageddon player must go long possible without hearing whams christmas song last christmas game start st december end end december th original version last christmas applies player listen remixes cover song player soon recognise original version song player may post whamageddon social medium soon lose game player play player v player wish sending link song friend try get game although encouraged player lost sent whamhalla unable return game begin next year variation game exist based christmas song one feature fairytale new york pogues originated twitter rule apply version game poguerolling sending link friend online intentionally whamageddon player soon recognise song accidentally hear whether supermarket radio another public place december gtplanet forum used mariah careys want christmas alternative challenge respecting whams george michael since death christmas day version game termed apocareypse original rule apply similar challenge song similar rule mariahpocalypse surfaced facebook late begin black friday end midnight december new zealand snoopy christmas sometimes used featured song another version whamhunter player get point time hear allows enjoyment christmas music worry walking shopping centre radio playing car polish version entitled świąteczny golf muzyczny christmas music golf game start november player allowed hear remixes cover little drummer boy challenge game whamageddoncom |
8,387 | 76,404,106 | 0 | Winter wonderland | Kingdom | winter wonderland christmas fair funfair held mainly united kingdom around christmas season winter wonderland usually includes attraction germanstyle christmas market santa grotto amusement ride ice skating rink winter wonderland range smallscale singleday event large city centre fair lasting several week many british city host winter wonderland similar christmas market held european continent london hyde park winter wonderland drawing million guest independent winter wonderland also common similar format travelling carnival often high price poor quality attraction become notorious journalist isabelle fraser writing daily telegraph described rubbish british christmas festival tradition regular news story event little ice age european climate much cooler frost fair frozen river provided outdoor skating entertainment died th century winter became milder winter wonderland relatively recent invention – uk tradition christmas market seen germany weather december usually mild snow ice modern british winter wonderland started early driven combination boosterism local council entrepreneur one first christmas fair prince street garden edinburgh started partly reduce crowding hogmanay following crowd crush became edinburgh christmas hyde park winter wonderland another early winter wonderland uk opening modest funfair organised royal park significantly expanded taken private enterprise event encompassed ice skating ferris wheel multiple rollercoasters themed area bavarian village circus santa land town city followed similar event largest held nottingham portsmouth norwich york newcastle upon tyne birmingham winter wonderland draw large crowd mean peak time extremely loud busy heavy drinking guest often lead crowd control problem violence many also criticised overly commercialised high price heavy emphasis sale although visitor tend spend less intended wonderland heavy stall ride well footfall numerous guest damage ground especially typical wet wintry condition take month public park recover impact hosting winter wonderland narrow emphasis christmas tradition central northern europe – especially germany particularly bavaria nordic particularly lapland – noted inauthentic traditional british christmas tradition especially uk lack regular snow experienced area ignoring modern diversity christmas tradition practised immigrant community major city london following spread cityrun winter wonderland came large number privately organised event attempting copy formula event become notorious high price poor quality animal welfare violation news report disastrous example become tradition christmas silly season early example lapland new forest hampshire charged £ entrance fee extra fee grotto market became subject considerable negative coverage due attraction long queue rude staff member reindeer husky kept poor condition since numerous attraction dubbed winter blunderlands including lapland west midland milton keynes winter wonderland yorkshire magical winterland laurence llewelyn bowens magical journey bakewell winter wonderland enchanted balgone estate |
8,388 | 52,199,415 | 0 | Anniversary Days Observance Act 1859 | Kingdom | anniversary day observance act vict c formal long title act repeal certain act part act relate observance thirtieth january day act parliament united kingdom repealed several law mandating political service state service observance church england church ireland certain anniversary thcentury political history law observance abolished specified various act parliament england parliament great britain parliament ireland act repealed full purpose establishing relevant observance otherwise repealed relation observance political religious aspect anglican identity began separate catholic emancipation culminated roman catholic relief act move increased religious toleration included liberty religious worship act jew relief act change reflected june july house lord house common respectively passed resolution making loyal address queen victoria remove certain occasional form prayer book common prayer prayer respecified royal warrant new monarch accession crown agreed consider matter delay legal advice january queen issued new warrant removing prayer however observance prayer fulfilled mandated various act parliament bill initially called occasional form prayer bill introduced february repeal provision longer enforced whereas petition related observance english book common prayer bill additionally deleted october prayer irish book common prayer house lord bill renamed anniversary day observance bill received royal assent march act repealed spent statute law revision act house lord resolution supported bishop john bird sumner archbishop canterbury archibald campbell tait samuel wilberforce robert daly bishop london oxford cashel respectively spoke favour christopher bethell bishop bangor opposed anglocatholic liturgist vernon staley described deletion ultra vires done without first obtaining consent convocation canterbury york called distinct violation compact church realm set forth act uniformity imposed book common prayer bank holiday act primary vict c act repeal certain act part act relate observance thirtieth january day collection public general statute passed nd year reign majesty queen victoria eyre spottiswoode pp – retrieved november form prayer fifth day november form prayer thirtieth day january form prayer twentyninth day may book common prayer w baxter pp – retrieved november form divine service used october twenty third book common prayer church ireland society archbishop justus retrieved november secondary hefling charles july state service hefling charles shattuck cynthia ed oxford guide book common prayer worldwide survey oxford university press pp – isbn retrieved november lacey andrew royal saint cult king charles martyr boydell brewer pp – isbn retrieved november staley vernon commemoration king charles martyr liturgical study london longmans green pp – retrieved november |
8,389 | 4,476,440 | 0 | Calendar of saints (Church of England) | Kingdom | church england commemorates many saint general roman calendar mostly day also commemorates various notable often postreformation christian canonised rome particular though exclusive emphasis english origin difference calendar church anglican communion see saint anglicanism person canonised nearconventional sense church england since english reformation king charles martyr king charles although widely recognised anglican saint outside society king charles martyr church england mechanism canonising saint unlike roman catholic church make claim regarding heavenly status commemorates calendar reason church england avoids use prenominal title saint reference uncanonised individual restrained say liturgical text order seem imply grade sanctity discriminate holy person pre postreformation period title saint used calendar even reference always known title example apostle old testament figure commemorated church england calendar litany thanksgiving holy one god included common worship time season pp – immediately eucharist saint includes ten name christ presumably excluded principle could considered among saint ninth lambeth conference held clarified commemoration saint hero christian church anglican communion resolution stated single calendar various church making anglican communion make calendar suitable local situation result calendar contains number figure important history english church calendar different province focus figure important different country time different province often borrow important figure others calendar international importance different figure becomes clear way calendar church england importance beyond immediate purpose supporting liturgy english church example one key source calendar international daily office oremus holy day variously categorised principal feast festival lesser festival commemoration order minimise problem caused ambivalence regarding manner commemoration uncanonised person day lesser festival commemoration whose observance optional following table list holy day calendar common worship calendar generally followed church england though calendar book common prayer still authorised use calendar finalised name added individual diocese society may suggest additional observance local use included table includes feast date name person person commemorated title nature location ministry relevant fact year death form set authorised common worship calendar level observance indicated follows boldface denotes principal feast principal holy day dagger † denotes festival asterisk denotes lesser festival italic denote unclassified observance entry none commemoration †the baptism christ sunday following epiphany epiphany kept january ash wednesday wednesday day easter day maundy thursday thursday week easter day good friday friday week easter day easter day first sunday paschal full moon ascension day thursday forty day easter day day pentecost sunday fifty day easter day trinity sunday sunday pentecost †the day thanksgiving institution holy communion corpus christi thursday trinity sunday †dedication festival first sunday october last sunday trinity date unknown †christ king sunday next advent †the naming circumcision jesus basil great gregory nazianzus bishop teacher faith seraph monk sarov spiritual guide vedanayagam samuel azariah bishop south india evangelist epiphany – may celebrated sunday january william laud archbishop canterbury mary slessor missionary west africa aelred hexham abbot rievaulx benedict biscop abbot wearmouth scholar hilary bishop poitier teacher faith kentigern mungo missionary bishop strathclyde cumbria george fox founder society friend quaker antony egypt hermit abbot charles gore bishop founder community resurrection – week prayer christian unity amy carmichael founder dohnavur fellowship spiritual writer wulfstan bishop worcester richard rolle hampole spiritual writer agnes child martyr rome vincent saragossa deacon first martyr spain francis de sale bishop geneva teacher faith †the conversion paul timothy titus companion paul thomas aquinas priest philosopher teacher faith charles king martyr john bosco priest founder salesian teaching order brigid kildare abbess kildare c presentation christ temple candlemas – may celebrated sunday january february anskar archbishop bremen missionary denmark sweden gilbert sempringham founder gilbertine order martyr japan scholastica sister benedict abbess plombariola c cyril methodius missionary slav valentine martyr rome c sigfrid bishop apostle sweden thomas bray priest founder spck spg janani luwum archbishop uganda martyr polycarp bishop smyrna martyr c george herbert priest poet alternative date matthias may celebrated february instead may david bishop menevia patron wale c chad bishop lichfield missionary perpetua felicity companion martyr carthage edward king bishop lincoln felix bishop apostle east angle geoffrey studdert kennedy priest poet patrick bishop missionary patron ireland c cyril bishop jerusalem teacher faith †joseph nazareth cuthbert bishop lindisfarne missionary thomas cranmer archbishop canterbury reformation martyr walter hilton thurgarton augustinian canon mystic paul couturier priest ecumenist óscar romero archbishop san salvador martyr annunciation lord blessed virgin mary harriet monsell founder community st john baptist john donne priest poet alternative date chad may celebrated cedd october instead march cuthbert may celebrated september instead march frederick denison maurice priest teacher faith dietrich bonhoeffer lutheran pastor martyr william law priest spiritual writer william ockham friar philosopher teacher faith george selwyn first bishop new zealand isabella gilmore deaconess alphege archbishop canterbury martyr anselm abbot le bec archbishop canterbury teacher faith †george martyr patron england c mellitus bishop london first bishop st paul seven martyr melanesian brotherhood solomon island †mark evangelist christina rossetti poet peter chanel missionary south pacific martyr catherine siena teacher faith pandita mary ramabai translator scripture †philip james apostle athanasius bishop alexandria teacher faith english saint martyr reformation era julian norwich spiritual writer c gregory dix priest monk scholar †matthias apostle caroline chisholm social reformer dunstan archbishop canterbury restorer monastic life alcuin york deacon abbot tour helena protector holy place john charles wesley evangelist hymn writer venerable bede monk jarrow scholar historian aldhelm bishop sherborne augustine first archbishop canterbury john calvin reformer philip neri founder oratorians spiritual guide lanfranc prior le bec archbishop canterbury scholar josephine butler social reformer joan arc visionary apolo kivebulaya priest evangelist central africa †the visit blessed virgin mary elizabeth alternative date matthias may celebrated february instead may visit blessed virgin mary elizabeth may celebrated july instead may justin martyr rome c martyr uganda – petroc abbot padstow th century boniface wynfrith crediton bishop apostle germany martyr ini kopuria founder melanesian brotherhood thomas ken bishop bath well nonjuror hymn writer columba abbot iona missionary ephrem syria deacon hymn writer teacher faith †barnabas apostle richard baxter puritan divine evelyn underhill spiritual writer richard bishop chichester joseph butler bishop durham philosopher samuel henrietta barnett social reformer bernard mizeki apostle mashona martyr sundar singh india sadhu holy man evangelist teacher faith alban first martyr britain c etheldreda abbess ely c †the birth john baptist cyril bishop alexandria teacher faith irenæus bishop lyon teacher faith c †peter paul apostle alternative date peter apostle may celebrated alone without paul june henry john henry venn younger priest evangelical divine †thomas apostle thomas scholar john fisher bishop rochester reformation martyr benedict nursia abbot monte cassino father western monasticism c john keble priest tractarian poet swithun bishop winchester c bonaventure friar bishop teacher faith osmund bishop salisbury elizabeth ferard first deaconess church england founder community st andrew gregory bishop nyssa sister macrina deaconess teacher faith c c margaret antioch martyr th century bartolomé de la casas apostle indie †mary magdalene bridget sweden abbess vadstena †james apostle anne joachim parent blessed virgin mary brooke foss westcott bishop durham teacher faith mary martha lazarus companion lord william wilberforce social reformer olaudah equiano thomas clarkson antislavery campaigner ignatius loyola founder society jesus alternative date visit blessed virgin mary elizabeth may celebrated july instead may thomas apostle may celebrated december instead july thomas becket may celebrated july instead december jeanbaptiste vianney curé dars spiritual guide oswald king northumbria martyr †the transfiguration lord john mason neale priest hymn writer dominic priest founder order preacher mary sumner founder mother union laurence deacon rome martyr clare assisi founder minoresses poor clares john henry newman priest tractarian jeremy taylor bishop connor teacher faith florence nightingale nurse social reformer octavia hill social reformer maximilian kolbe friar martyr †the blessed virgin mary bernard abbot clairvaux teacher faith william catherine booth founder salvation army †bartholomew apostle monica mother augustine hippo augustine bishop hippo teacher faith beheading john baptist john bunyan spiritual writer aidan bishop lindisfarne missionary alternative date blessed virgin mary may celebrated september december instead august giles provence hermit c martyr papua new guinea gregory great bishop rome teacher faith birinus bishop dorchester oxon apostle wessex allen gardiner missionary founder south american mission society birth blessed virgin mary charles fuge lowder priest john chrysostom bishop constantinople teacher faith †holy cross day cyprian bishop carthage martyr ninian bishop galloway apostle picts c edward bouverie pusey priest tractarian hildegard abbess bingen visionary theodore tarsus archbishop canterbury john coleridge patteson first bishop melanesia companion martyr †matthew apostle evangelist lancelot andrewes bishop winchester spiritual writer sergei radonezh russian monastic reformer teacher faith wilson carlile founder church army vincent de paul founder congregation mission lazarists †michael angel jerome translator scripture teacher faith alternative date cuthbert may celebrated september instead march remigius bishop rheims apostle frank anthony ashley cooper earl shaftesbury social reformer george bell bishop chichester ecumenist peacemaker francis assisi friar deacon founder friar minor william tyndale translator scripture reformation martyr denys bishop paris companion martyr c robert grosseteste bishop lincoln philosopher scientist paulinus bishop york missionary thomas traherne poet spiritual writer ethelburga abbess barking james deacon companion paulinus th century wilfrid ripon bishop missionary elizabeth fry prison reformer edith cavell nurse edward confessor king england teresa avila teacher faith nicholas ridley bishop london hugh latimer bishop worcester reformation martyr ignatius bishop antioch martyr c †luke evangelist henry martyn translator scripture missionary india persia crispin crispinian martyr rome c alfred great king west saxon scholar cedd abbot lastingham bishop east saxon †simon jude apostle james hannington bishop eastern equatorial africa martyr uganda martin luther reformer alternative date chad may celebrated cedd october instead march saint day commemoration faithful departed soul day richard hooker priest anglican apologist teacher faith martin porres friar leonard hermit th century william temple archbishop canterbury teacher faith willibrord york bishop apostle frisia saint martyr england margery kempe mystic c leo great bishop rome teacher faith martin bishop tour c charles simeon priest evangelical divine samuel seabury first anglican bishop north america margaret queen scotland philanthropist reformer church edmund rich abingdon archbishop canterbury hugh bishop lincoln elizabeth hungary princess thuringia philanthropist hilda abbess whitby mechthild béguine magdeburg mystic edmund king east angle martyr priscilla lydia sellon restorer religious life church england cecilia martyr rome c clement bishop rome martyr c catherine alexandria martyr th century isaac watt hymn writer day intercession thanksgiving missionary work church †andrew apostle charles de foucauld hermit sahara francis xavier jesuit missionary apostle indie john damascus monk teacher faith c nicholas ferrar deacon founder little gidding community nicholas bishop myra c ambrose bishop milan teacher faith †the conception blessed virgin mary lucy martyr syracuse samuel johnson moralist john cross poet teacher faith sapientia eglantine jebb social reformer founder save child christmas eve christmas day †stephen deacon first martyr †john apostle evangelist †the holy innocent thomas becket archbishop canterbury martyr john wyclif reformer alternative date thomas apostle may celebrated december instead july thomas becket may celebrated july instead december calendar saint episcopal church united state america coptic orthodox calendar saint list saint movable feast name day general roman calendar calendar saint holy day liturgical calendar church england archived original april retrieved october |
8,390 | 7,164,201 | 0 | Commemoration (Anglicanism) | Kingdom | commemoration type religious observance many church anglican communion including church england least significant type observance others principal feast principal holy day festival lesser festival whereas principal feast must celebrated obligatory observe commemoration always attached calendar date observed fall sunday holy week easter week common worship commemoration provided collect indication liturgical colour however may celebrated lesser festival local pastoral condition suggest january william laud archbishop canterbury january amy carmichael founder dohnavur fellowship spiritual writer january richard rolle hampole spiritual writer february scholastica sister benedict abbess c march felix bishop apostle east angle april mellitus bishop london first bishop st paul may caroline chisholm social reformer june martyr uganda – july margaret antioch martyr th century august john henry newman priest tractarian september giles provence hermit c october edith cavell b december october british nurse patriot october crispin crispinian martyr rome c november samuel seabury first anglican bishop north america december charles de foucauld hermit sahara list anglican church calendar |
8,391 | 7,164,924 | 0 | Festival (Anglicanism) | Kingdom | festival type observance church anglican communion considered less significant principal feast principal holy day significant lesser festival commemoration common worship festival provided collect indication liturgical colour january naming circumcision jesus january conversion paul march joseph nazareth april george martyr patron england april mark evangelist may philip james apostle may matthias apostle may visit blessed virgin mary elizabeth june barnabas apostle june birth john baptist june peter paul apostle july thomas apostle july mary magdalene july james apostle august transfiguration lord august blessed virgin mary august bartholomew apostle september holy cross day september matthew apostle evangelist september michael angel october luke evangelist october simon jude apostle november andrew apostle december stephen deacon first martyr december john apostle evangelist december holy innocent baptism christ epiphany celebrated january following sunday epiphany celebrated january following monday day thanksgiving institution holy communion corpus christi thursday trinity sunday observance optional christ king sunday next advent church ireland recognises principal festival principal feast principal holy day lesser festival commemoration observance church year church england retrieved april |
8,392 | 7,163,717 | 0 | Lesser Festival (Anglicanism) | Kingdom | lesser festival type observance anglican communion including church england considered less significant principal feast principal holy day festival significant commemoration whereas principal feast must celebrated obligatory observe lesser festival always attached calendar date observed fall sunday holy week easter week common worship lesser festival provided collect indication liturgical colour source c e website january basil great gregory nazianzus bishop teacher faith january aelred hexham abbot rievaulx january hilary bishop poitier teacher faith january antony egypt hermit abbot january wulfstan bishop worcester january agnes child martyr rome january francis de sale bishop geneva teacher faith january timothy titus companion paul january thomas aquinas priest philosopher teacher faith january charles king martyr february anskar archbishop hamburg missionary denmark sweden february cyril methodius missionary slav february janani luwum archbishop uganda martyr february polycarp bishop smyrna martyr c february george herbert priest poet march patrick bishop missionary patron ireland c april william law priest spiritual writer may alcuin york deacon abbot tour may josephine butler social reformer june richard bishop chichester july benedict nursia abbot monte cassino father western monasticism c july john keble leader oxford movement august bernard abbot clairvaux teacher faith september john chrysostom bishop constantinople teacher faith september lancelot andrewes overseer king james version bible october francis assisi friar deacon founder friar minor october alfred great king west saxon scholar november edmund king east angle martyr december lucy martyr syracuse list anglican church calendar principal feast principal holy day festival anglicanism commemoration anglicanism |
8,393 | 541,675 | 0 | Mothering Sunday | Kingdom | mothering sunday day honouring mother church church one baptised becomes child church celebrated since middle age united kingdom ireland commonwealth country fourth sunday lent mothering sunday christian historically visited mother church—the church received sacrament baptism constance adelaide smith revived modern observance beginning honour mother church mother earthly home virgin mary mother jesus mother nature gained popularity response originally american mother day holiday often known mother day united kingdom become secular celebration mother motherhood mothering sunday coincides laetare sunday also called midlent sunday refreshment sunday day respite fasting halfway penitential season lent association mothering originates text read mass middle age appearing lectionary source old murbach lectionary th century include several reference mother metaphor mother introit day isaiah – psalm using imagery new jerusalem rejoice ye jerusalem ye glad ye delight exult sing joy ye sadness mourn ye may suck satisfied breast consolation psalm glad said unto go house lord laetare hierusalem et conventum facite omnes qui diligitis eam gaudete cum laetitia qui tristitia fuistis ut exsultetis et satiemini ab uberibus consolationis vestrae psalmus laetatus sum quae dictum sunt mihi domum domini ibimus commentator period associate personification church bride christ virgin mary epistle reading day galatian – paul apostle analysis story hagar sarah speaking jerusalem … mother u acknowledging significance motherhood paul understands story allegory advocating understanding motherhood transcends material world fertility quoting isaiah rejoice childless one bear child burst song shout endure birth pang child desolate woman numerous child one married gospel day john – story feeding five thousand prompted association mothering sunday gift mother earth inspired go house lord psalm mediaeval people began make procession local mother church day typically local cathedral could sometimes become unruly recorded robert grosseteste letter every church strictly prohibit one parish fighting another whose banner come first procession time annual visitation veneration mother church … dishonour spiritual mother escape punishment dishonour fleshly mother accordance god law cursed punished death english reformation book common prayer continued assign reading th century christian continued return local mother church service held laetare sunday context one mother church either church one baptised local parish church nearest cathedral latter mother church parish church diocese anyone commonly said gone mothering term recorded every midlent sunday great day worcester child godchild meet head cheife family feast call motheringday later time mothering sunday became day domestic servant given day visit mother church usually mother family member reacting anna jarviss effort establish mother day constance penswick smith created mothering sunday movement smith published play praise mother story mothering sunday well short history mothering sunday went several edition influential booklet revival mothering sunday book series four chapter outlining different aspect motherhood day honour beyond strictly biological one church – mother mother earthly home mother jesus gift mother earth occasion celebrated across united kingdom commonwealth country church england christian denomination invite people mothering sunday visit parish church cathedral received sacrament baptism modern britain mother day become another term mothering sunday commercial context due american influence continues held lent holiday also gained secular observance britain celebration motherhood following american tradition rather original religious meaning reflecting day association story feeding five thousand reprieve fasting various type cake bun long made mothering sunday especially simnel cake gift parent traditional confection associated mothering sunday easter bristol part world mothering bun remain speciality mothering sunday plain yeastleavened bun iced sprinkled hundred thousand eaten breakfast day numerous newspaper across many decade attest child gathering violet present mother day urban setting church supply violet child mothering sunday always fall fourth sunday lent laetare sunday week easter sunday march march march march march march march march march march march march march march march |
8,394 | 1,412,046 | 0 | Plough Sunday | Kingdom | plough sunday traditional english celebration beginning agricultural year seen revival recent year plough sunday celebration usually involve bringing ploughshare church prayer blessing land traditionally held sunday epiphany sunday january january accordingly work field begin day plough sunday plough monday although nature farming changed century plough sunday seen way generally celebrating farming work farmer church england book liturgy common worship time season suggested prayer blessing plough blessing seed passage scripture related agricultural theme well ploughshare rural area common local farmer attend service tractor new old see photo sometimes service may accompanied tradition morris dancing historically villager would walk village collecting alms gathering church blessing plough particularly notable plough sunday service held sherborne abbey dorset hedenham church norfolk cathedral exeter chichester |
8,395 | 7,164,361 | 0 | Principal Feast | Kingdom | principal feast type observance church anglican communion including church england episcopal church united state anglican church canada principal feast also principal holy day sharing equal status principal holy day principal feast considered significant type observance others festival lesser festival commemoration principal holy day observance obligatory anglican principal feast principal holy day somewhat comparable roman catholic solemnity holy day obligation epiphany presentation christ temple candlemas annunciation lord blessed virgin mary easter day ascension day day pentecost trinity sunday saint day christmas day easter day ascension day day pentecost trinity sunday saint day november christmas day december epiphany january principal holy day ash wednesday maundy thursday good friday festival anglicanism lesser festival commemoration anglicanism list anglican church calendar |
8,396 | 7,164,409 | 0 | Principal Holy Day (Anglicanism) | Kingdom | principal holy day type observance anglican communion including church england principal feast also principal holy day principal holy day share equal status however principal feast fast day within season lent lack festal character considered significant type observance others festival lesser festival commemoration observance principal holy day considered obligatory ash wednesday maundy thursday good friday church ireland recognises ten principal feast day holy day list anglican church calendar principal feast festival anglicanism lesser festival commemoration observance |
8,397 | 177,263 | 0 | Remembrance Sunday | Kingdom | remembrance sunday held united kingdom day commemorate contribution british commonwealth military civilian serviceman woman two world war later conflict held second sunday november sunday nearest november armistice day anniversary end hostility world war remembrance sunday within church england fall liturgical period allsaintstide marked ceremony local war memorial city town village attended civic dignitary exservicemen woman many member royal british legion veteran organisation member local armed force regular reserve unit royal navy royal naval reserve royal marine royal marine reserve army territorial army royal air force royal auxiliary air force military cadet force sea cadet corp army cadet force air training corp well combined cadet force youth organisation eg scout boy brigade girl brigade guide representative judiciary also lay wreath local war memorial throughout country wreath remembrance poppy laid memorial two minute silence held church bell usually rung halfmuffled creating sombre effect overall ceremony including parade service wreathlaying typically last two hour focus remembrance dead first world war originally fell armistice day commencing well national service london event staged town village war memorial often featuring procession civic dignitary veteran first uk commemoration end first world war took place buckingham palace king george v hosting banquet honour president french republic evening november first official armistice day event subsequently held ground palace morning november included twominute silence mark respect died war left behind initial spontaneous public reaction armistice signed november jubilation celebration banquet criticised celebratory following year armistice day funeral unknown soldier took place london cenotaph twominute silence observed throughout nation bus halted electricity cut tram line even trading london stock exchange halted starting royal british legion began selling remembrance poppy raise fund exservicemen throughout character remembrance event became politicized armistice day day recognizing horror war never repeated others day symbolized honor military service christian pacifist mp elected parliament mids peace pledge union gained wide support pacifism gained great publicity student debate oxford university union voted resolution house circumstance fight king country first white poppy sold cooperative womens guild second world war commemoration moved sunday preceding november emergency measure avoid disruption production vital war material may day new government began consultation church british legion future remembrance armistice day fell sunday preventing need change wartime practice thought continuing november would focus first world war downplay importance second date suggested may day june dday august vj day september declaration war even june signing magna carta archbishop westminster proposed second sunday november named remembrance sunday commemoration world war suggestion endorsed home office january june year prime minister clement attlee announced house common government felt view would commend quarter country glad say found general acceptance approved king national ceremony held london cenotaph whitehall starting two minute silence concluding end nation thank procession pm main part ceremony consists laying wreath member royal family dignitary service remembrance prayer hymn immediately followed marchpast thousand exservice personnel contingent organisation marcher salute cenotaph pas wreath handed laid around significant ceremony also take place capital nation across region united kingdom notably scottish national war memorial edinburgh ground edinburgh castle welsh national war memorial cardiff northern ireland war memorial cenotaph belfast ground belfast city hall typically poppy wreath laid representative crown armed force local civic leader well local organisation exservice organisation cadet force scout guide boy brigade st john ambulance salvation army start end silence often also marked firing artillery piece minute two minute silence also frequently incorporated church service common criticism remembrance sunday ceremony royal british legion focusing veteran military person died vast majority casualty war civilian forgotten past secretary state foreign commonwealth affair laid wreath behalf british overseas territory however since campaign britain overseas territory association right lay wreath annual service cenotaph labour government agreed one wreath could laid territory representative territory northern ireland remembrance sunday tended associated unionist irish nationalist republican take part public commemoration british soldier organised royal british legion partly due action british army trouble role fighting irish independence however moderate nationalist attended remembrance day event way connect unionist community bomb detonated provisional irish republican army ira remembrance sunday ceremony enniskillen killing eleven people ira said made mistake targeting soldier parading war memorial republic ireland national day commemoration july irish people died war armistice day observance always november moved remembrance sunday since th anniversary end second world war become usual hold ceremony armistice day remembrance sunday chancellor exchequer gordon brown proposed addition remembrance sunday new national day celebrate achievement veteran instituted veteran day held summer would similar veteran day celebration united state renamed armed force day include currently serving troop service family veteran cadet first armed force day held june submariner hold additional remembrance walk ceremony sunday remembrance sunday submariner memorial london victoria embankment focal point outside united kingdom anglican church scotland church often commemorative service remembrance sunday republic ireland ecumenical service st patrick cathedral dublin church ireland national cathedral since president ireland attended service state national day commemoration held july irish men woman died war united state celebrated many anglocatholic church episcopal church anglican church korea also celebrates day commemorate particular commonwealth soldier fought korean war service seoul anglican cathedral new zealand attempt made change armistice day remembrance sunday world war ii failure partly owing competition anzac day every year british deputy high commission kolkata india organises remembrance sunday commemoration glorious dead cenotaph maidan remembrance poppy traditional symbol remembrance sunday may worn clothing made wreath red paper poppy sold british legion common theme british tabloid journalism october november expose politician celebrity chosen wear red royal british legion poppy critic labelled poppy fascism person refuse wear poppy tv sporting event received death threat festival remembrance performance royal albert hall saturday remembrance sunday national service remembrance remembrance day remembrance poppy twominute silence royal british legion commonwealth war graf commission department culture medium sport – uk national service remembrance |
8,398 | 5,014,016 | 0 | Beltane Fire Festival | Kingdom | beltane fire festival annual participatory art event ritual held april calton hill edinburgh modern beltane fire festival inspired ancient gaelic festival beltane began evening may marked beginning summer modern festival started small group enthusiast including musical collective test dept academic support school scottish study university edinburgh since festival grown involves voluntary collaborator performer available ticket often selling festival draw variety historical mythological literary influence organiser claim anything modern celebration beltane evolving participant current beltane started small group enthusiast including angus farquhar musical collective test dept choreographer lindsay john dancer laban well gaelic ethnologist margaret bennett writer academic school scottish study university edinburgh event intended celebration traditional ritual local manifestation international spirit originally intended take place arthur seat home earlier edinburgh beltane celebration practical reason location moved calton hill choreography iconography performance moulded originator research historical account beltane influence eg test department drumming trinidadian carnival ritual dance performance beltane fire society registered charity run festival managed democratically elected voluntary committee performer volunteer either join word mouth attending one advertised open meeting held early year senior performer artist society help others workshop aspect event production prop construction character performance technique team building percussion skill health safety consideration involved society also held fundraising art music event held minibeltane local aid hospice milestone house community event year performance evolved new people bring influence direction core narrative remains large though additional element added time theatrical ritual practical reason originally event core dozen performer hundred audience event grown several hundred performer ten thousand audience key character within performance maintained though reinterpreted performer additional participant incorporated year originally festival free lightly stewarded however event grown popularity due capacity hill funding requirement edinburgh council request festival recent year moved ticketed event beltane fire society official bfs website blog introduction beltane interview festival scribe tanya azure feast musical suite inspired beltane fire beltane festival revealed bbccouk behind pomp beltane festival bbccouk edinburgh festival guide beltane fire festival listing |
8,399 | 62,705,786 | 0 | List of Lerwick Up Helly Aa Guizer Jarls | Kingdom | lerwick helly aa largest helly aa fire festival celebrated annually last tuesday january lerwick capital shetland scotland guizer jarl featured lerwick helly aa since introduction position guizer jarl chief guizer modern festival lead squad dressed viking primary focus festival proceeding jarls squad dress viking festival squad dress costume associated act perform throughout hall opened torchlight procession took first world war squad viking appeared festival every year festival developed guizer jarl began portray specific individual saga history shetland later guizer jarl would select name galley constructed october previous year burned culmination torchlight procession along tune played lerwick brass band jarl lead squad rank guizers prior torchlight procession wishing become guizer jarl must elected lerwick helly aa committee election held mass meeting squad member attend serve committee year traditionally woman girl permitted lerwick squad able become guizer jarl however lerwick helly aa committee lifted restriction future festival first female member lerwick jarls squad featured female guizers permitted varying degree helly aa festival shetland two helly aa female guizer jarls angela tait leask first female jarl wall junior helly aa organised brownie lesley simpson became first adult female jarl south mainland helly aa |
8,400 | 3,357,739 | 0 | Belfast International Arts Festival | Kingdom | belfast international art festival formerly known belfast festival queen’s claim city’s longest running international art event originally established hosted queen’s university new independent organisation company limited guarantee registered charity formed event cover theatre dance classical root music visual film digital art literature accompanied outreach education event take place every october venue location across belfast held annually usually octobernovember festival founded student michael emmerson emmerson succeeded director michael barnes small beginning festival grew expanding twoweeklong event performer time included jimi hendrix richard stilgoe laurence olivier rowan atkinson billy connolly festival held several venue across city including mac ulster hall naughton gallery queen film theatre brian friel theatre whitla hall queen well grand opera house waterfront hall chultúrlann art centre january sufficient funding place ensure festival would go ahead university launched save belfast festival campaign encouraging people petition maria eagle mp minister responsible cultural activity northern ireland campaign received support belfast telegraph celebrity including patrick kielty february minister announced £ oneoff payment belfast festival queen although campaign raise fund continued throughout year university subsequently announced festival would go ahead albeit reduced scale work still required secure longterm future funding came end ulster bank announced withdrawal funding muchdiminished festival belfast film festival brian friel theatre cathedral quarter art festival féile phobail queen film theatre official website save belfast festival |
8,401 | 3,367,754 | 0 | Belfast Film Festival | Kingdom | belfast film festival bff annual film festival northern ireland attendance launched international competition program bff includes doc ireland international documentary festival well audience development inclusion program festival also sponsor yearround film screening around belfast cofounded michele devlin writer laurence mckeown festival began part féile phobail operated west belfast film festival wbff third fourth year wbff ran independent event included venue throughout city year became belfast film festival expanded citywide event lineup grew film april north street arcade suffered huge fire completely internal part building despite losing base record festival recovered relocated donegall st staged event following year festival launched awardwinning actor stephen rea festival raised record £ festival expanded total film country edition spread location featured film festival launched international competition first second feature sponsored several organization notably greg darbys yellow moon best film award go £ monetary prize £ given jury prize outstanding craft contribution breakout performance bff screen feature short film documentary host retrospective well world premiere team includes international programmer jess kiang uk ireland programmer rose baker head industry marketplace roisin geraghty chair mark cousin others bffs patron terry george david holmes pat murphy william crawley stephen rea belfast film festival sponsored ni department community art council ni film hub ni yellow moon british council belfast city council northern ireland screen british film institute sitespecific screening signature part festival year management team strived include people fabric city program screened film used disused swimming pool boat river lagan live piano accompaniment st anne cathedral mm original version hunchback notre dame carol reed odd man beside albert clock featured heavily film bff hosted screening unique architectural site including u political drama west wing parliament building stormont oh mr porter ulster folk transport museum cultra warrior dystopian landscape beneath city center motorway flyover stanley kubrick cult scifi epic space odyssey historic dry dock city old shipyard rms titanic last sat dry ground screening exorcist omen made former holy rosary church ormeau road south belfast deconsecrated almost year still criticized choice location insensitive disrespectful partnership belfast one bff host belfast summer cinema day event hosted city hall also launched pull focus twoday summer festival irish documentary music also featured strongly bffs programming highlight include collaboration local talent duke special david holmes audiovisual performance hosting italian progressive rock band simonettis goblin perform live score dawn dead many additionally every year festival host various special event belfast film festival also sponsor yearround film screening around belfast documentary section separated independent festival doc ireland operated team program industry section etc festival industry section marketplace span two day offer filmmaker possibility pitch project meet sponsor distributor exhibitor section pull focus irish documentary competition irish short programme new international documentary back archive féile phobail cathedral quarter art festival queen film theatre belfast festival queen |
8,402 | 5,516,138 | 0 | Belfast Harp Festival | Kingdom | belfast harp festival called contemporary writer belfast harper assembly – july threeday musical patriotic event organised belfast ireland leading member local society promoting knowledge linen hall library dr james macdonnell robert bradshaw henry joy robert simms edward bunting young classically trained organist commissioned notate forty tune performed ten harpist attending work form major part general collection ancient irish music venue contest assembly room waring street belfast opened market house staged benefit belfast charitable society coincided town bastille day celebration shared patron supporter celebration involved trooping local volunteer corp carrying flag banner hailing french declaration right man american liberty new polish constitution concluded townmeeting resolution carried newformed united irishman favour catholic emancipation parliamentary reform handbill advertising festival clear patriotic intent view intimately spirit character people connected national poetry music presumed irish patriot politican sic deem object unworthy patronage protection festival said marked beginning long association northern protestant gaelic revival interest irish harp stemmed combination cultural political motif emboldened revolution france presbyterian northeast ireland seeking ally kingdom catholic majority anglican protestant ascendancy favour representative national government recognition gaelic past common inheritance seen bridge sectarian divide badge separate distinctive irish culture bolstered demand greater autonomy england july eight year assembly harper belfast first three annual harp competition ball supper held granard county longford patron john dungan wealthy catholic merchant living copenhagen denmark decided retain support original instrument country premium provided best player disbursed michael dungan likely brother secretary granard patriot volunteer corp among harpist engaged arthur oneill charles fanning feature later belfast assembly granard express objective festival belfast assemble remaining traditional harp player compete prize preservenotate dying irish harp tradition piece attended ten irish harper one welsh harper many tune played notated edward bunting published name general collection ancient music ireland donnchadh ó hámsaigh denis hampson blind county londonderry aged played long crooked fingernail arthur oneill blind county tyrone winner second prize green wood truagh charles fanning county cavan winner first prize coulin cúilfhionn dan black blind derry charles byrne county leitrim hugh higgins blind county mayo patrick quinn blind county armagh william caer armagh james duncan county rose mooney winner third place blind county meath williams first name unknown wale william caer year age others year old three winner selected fanning took first place awarded yearly stipend £ edward bunting subsequently visited winner one collate available contemporary harp music publish material song saved effort include feaghan gealeash deirdres lament son usneach thought oldest extant piece irish music scott lamentation battle argan ossianic air blackheaded deary open door softly played arthur oneill lament limerick chorus jig jig name rev george vaughan sampson wrote denis hampson played famous meeting harper belfast patronage amateur irish music mr bunton celebrated musician town year hampsons noting tune manner playing best old style said honest feeling self love played old tune another harper would play impetus behind festival survived insurrection united irishman banner harp without crown act union abolished kingdom ireland parliament dublin involved organising festival including james macdonnell edward bunting organised first belfast harp society employing arthur o’neill principal tutor sought train new generation irish harpist among poor child chosen patriotic tradition without reference religious distinction assistance contribution mary ann mccracken bunting published second volume work ancient music ireland weeklong harper festival originally intended member linen hall library centenary festival held belfast large crowd attended first night concert moved library new premise one city larger hall first ulster branch gaelic league formed east belfast active patronage left become church ireland lord bishop ossory rev john baptiste crozier presidency parishioner dr john st clair boyd unionist marked renewal interest irish study among educated middle class briefly straddled city sectarian divide group called reclaim enlightenment based belfast joined number group bring th anniversary festival |
8,403 | 9,627,333 | 0 | Belfast Vital | Kingdom | belfast vital formerly tennents vital annual music festival northern ireland first held near botanic garden later moved ormeau park venue belfast festival taken noticeable undesired hiatus – returned august ward park bangor due success ward park venue snow patrol homecoming gig drew estimate crowd sponsored cc group plc mcd production confirmed festival set return march announced via facebook festival would return new lineup new name simply belfast vital vital yet clear due withdrawal sponsorship tennents although nothing suggest likely minor rebrand notable headliner throughout year included greenday killer snow patrol kaiser chief king leon franz ferdinand white stripe ash street primal scream eminem continuing name belfast vital foo fighter announced return belfast successful show vital performed boucher road playing field monday august along support act frank carter rattlesnake hot milk king nun continuing new name belfast vital martin garrix announced return belfast successful show belsonic play boucher road playing field saturday august along supporting act steve angello zara larsson others different name belfast vital mcd production announced march muse biffy clyro would headlining day one festival wednesday august shortly april announced tiësto clean bandit would headlining day two festival saturday august would second time tiësto would headline show belfast belsonic year titanic belfast march mcd production announced tennents vital return boucher road playing field headlining act red hot chili pepper avicii thursday august friday august would second time avicii headlined tennents vital also last weekend show retiring touring early announced tennents vital would back another year boucher road playing field calvin harris headlining day script returning headline day second time script headlined event following headlining set day march tennents vital released official statement confirming festival would return summer march organiser confirmed via official website facebook twitter snapchat killer would headline first day festival supported bastille killer second time headlining event following headlining set bastille making tennents vital debut year april vital officially announced return playing boucher road playing field first act announced king leon june vaccine announced main support act first day may snow patrol announced along singersongwriter foy vance irish upstart kodaline following day jason mraz added bill june vital announced firstever day festival avicii tinie tempah rudimental tommy trash playing rd day february vital announced would running tennents untapped platform give rising band opportunity make known winner securing set main stage vital concert march tennents vital confirmed via facebook lineup concert would revealed live tuesday march live launch party secret location also via official website march via official facebook page tennents vital announced venue concert moved ward park bangor boucher playing field belfast march stone rose florence machine confirmed playing wednesday august confirmed via official tennents vital facebook page foo fighter black key also announced mcds official site stone rose leaked announcement early via twitter page bbc news reported mcd production paid previous debt april requesting permission future event ormeau park suggesting strong possibility tennents vital would back previous debt due gaining permission hold concert later announced may tennents vital held august ward park bangor despite rumour held ormeau park official line due announced wednesday may advertising campaign began immediately power hosed advertisement appeared outside university ulster belfast queen university belfast translink metro service used regular advertisement online banner selected musicrelated website may eminem formally announced headline august remainder line support day yet announced script two door cinema club confirmed headliner day tennents vital august june vital confirmed facebook ellie goulding wombat also bill day moving tennents vital ormeau park allowed event grow razorlight headlined main stage tuesday august killer headlined wednesday nd combined audience across two day bbc northern ireland featured event live air weather festival fitting report serious crime except noise pollution call within nearby student housing area festival ended snow patrol kaiser chief raconteur ¡forward russia pet duke special ed harcourt editor mummra pigeon detective iain archer oceansize republic loose crimea cursive rival panda kopanda dangerfields view eamonn mcnamee holy innocent tide king leon faithless franz ferdinand maroon scissor sister jem coral futureheads driving night crib brake goldie lookin chain patiosounds dutch schultz alloy mental leya subtitle white stripe darkness ash new york doll jurassic peach goldie lookin chain answer acidtone blanche zero street roger sanchez death vega richard fearless root manuva nightmare wax jon carter first year tennents vital located nearby queen university belfast pec centre beside belfast botanic garden primal scream badly drawn boy idlewild snow patrol gemma hayes fatboy slim stereo mc pacha futura festival launched better day scottish event promotion agency sponsored cc group tennents lager brand management event moved mcd exception technical security staff voluntary opportunity position tennents vital steward organised charity oxfam receives donation return work catering retail service provided various small company typically mobile catering van significant logistical operation take place bring people festival public transport year addition extensive private coach hire festivalgoers translink implement additional bus rail service meet increased demand belsonic radio big weekend |
8,404 | 10,500,065 | 0 | BelFEST | Kingdom | belfest festival celebrating showcasing music scene belfast northern ireland established featured many band artist gone find fame success record industry snow patrol duke special iain archer ran usually took place late autumn utilising many venue belfast including limelight complex empire music hall laverys duke york black box centrepiece showcase free scheduled way public could catch five six band per night making way back forth various location showcase complemented range highprofile gig organised coincide festival well educational fringe event featuring wellknown successful industry figure city factory record hacienda bos tony wilson creation record founder alan mcgee belfest organised local music promoter gerry sheppard known many shep bollix belfest |
8,405 | 17,970,161 | 0 | Belsonic | Kingdom | belsonic name outdoor music festival owned thomas edward originally took place month august custom house square belfast northern ireland starting organised shine production ltd capacity event belsonic held ormeau park belsonic cancelled due covid plan reschedule event event due take place ormeau park june official site |
8,407 | 54,369,165 | 0 | CHSq | Kingdom | custom house square stylised chsq outdoor music event held custom house square belfast first year chsq event held venue belsonic music festival back capacity event event due include simple mind rescheduled chsq announced return first headlining act rag’n’bone man support headliner announced coming week month along supporting act kasabian return chsq last year concert cancelled minute take stage due illness chsq announced march act added lineup every couple week announced via chsqs social medium august th show headlining act oliver heldens would cancelled due scheduling difficulty also announced another date would announced winter due course make inconvenience caused kasabians concert cancelled minute take stage due illness organiser say going reschedule concert official website |
8,411 | 17,214,605 | 0 | Trans (festival) | Kingdom | trans annual noncommercial art festival held belfast northern ireland linked urban art academy organised belfast waterfront hall fourweek period hosted programme gig free seminar course exhibition broadcast radio station trans stated list ideology belief investing new technology new trend new art form new artist providing training career path current system encouraging debate outside traditional politics demonstrate urban art confined youth culture bring world belfast belfast world festival originally set complement urban art academy usual running date orange order orangefest west belfast feile phobail throughout fiveyear history festival popular urban art academy student music art lover walk life regularly attracts international artist audience member festival ran spinoff winter festival base international street art music festival headlined sleigh bell ghostpoet trans consists signature event alongside main event two money back guarantee lapoff moneyback guarantee breaking barrier artist performer festival organiser offer money back end show giving audience chance pay performer depending entertaining lap consists eight laptop musician battling competition based performance using electronic sampling essentially use computer music various charge conflict interest march staff left waterfront hall announced would rebuilding view concentrating conference business archive discontinued trans site |
8,413 | 61,487,370 | 0 | 2018 Cardiff National Eisteddfod | Kingdom | cardiff national eisteddfod held cardiff bay wale august seventh time national eisteddfod wale held cardiff event billed eisteddfod fence dispensed traditional enclosed maes entrance fee event location made £ loss popularity led suggestion future eisteddfod without fence national eisteddfod wale held every year exception since hosted different region wale year since competition held welsh around competition held poetry music dance drama literature giving claim largest music poetry festival europe main competition event crowning bard chairing bard eisteddfod seventh time held cardiff held first time cardiff subsequently cardiff eisteddfod held pontcanna field traditional fenced maes festival ground august eisteddfod chief executive elfed robert announced discussion cardiff council idea holding event permanent building cardiff city centre rather traditional maes april eisteddfod backed plan oneyear experiment attract visitor though event would held cardiff bay rather city centre existing building bay area wale millennium centre would used plan designed avoid rent reparation cost possibly £ needed site eisteddfod one public park target £ fundraising met month eisteddfod due start main event location maes sited around roald dahl plass marina cardiff bay wale millennium centre became main pavilion babell lên literature pavilion daily ticket available £ pierhead building hosted th anniversary art exhibition contemporary art society wale also performed role maes learner area called shwmae caerdydd senedd building hosted lle celf english art place exhibition wale best contemporary art craft design meeting room senedd also became society pavillions maes b traditionally pop rock music event held vacant doctor experience building caffi maes b ty gwerin folk music sinemaes cinema held large tent nearby welsh college music drama held concert harp piano woodwind music norwegian church coronau exhibition previous national eisteddfod crown took place craft bay camping available afield camping place family pontcanna field maes b campsite younger reveller fitzalan high school leckwith november announced cardiff eisteddfod made overall loss £ largely additional security requirement open event festival cost £ million stage estimated visitor attended eisteddfod three time event prior national eisteddfod made profit every year since £ surplus despite anglesey festival almost cancelled weather eisteddfod council said public money would needed fund tourism aspect make similar open event viable future october public meeting held caernarfon promote idea holding national eisteddfod town using existing permanent building may urdd eisteddfod held first festival without admission fee also took place cardiff bay stall national eisteddfod returned usual fenced maes daily entrance fee £ visitor however ceredigions assembly member elin jones announced keen support fenceless eisteddfod event tregaron |
8,414 | 23,346,566 | 0 | Cardiff Big Weekend | Kingdom | cardiff big weekend took place annually part cardiff festival organized cardiff council event free lasted three day well music weekend fair ride site firework display admiral group began sponsor event continued sponsorship led event later titled admiral cardiff big weekend alongside event competition held cardiff council event team gave opportunity band perform big weekend big gig launched june category entrant finalist competed globe cardiff pride cymru brought back big weekend music festival included lgbt pride parade reform pride cymru big weekend cardiff city hall lawn located end official pride parade route venue cardiff big weekend usually held second weekend august part cardiff festival rested year due olympic football game taking place millennium stadium cardiff august music festival axed replaced temporary beach area cardiff bay roald dahl plass line also included chesney hawkes hazel o’connor christian modern romance cardiff big weekend cardiff festival free festival cardiff big weekend detail bbc wale pride cymru |
8,415 | 8,048,489 | 0 | Cardiff Design Festival | Kingdom | cardiff design festival annual event organised university wale institute cardiff partnership number cardiff organisation since inception included design wale organisation pan wale remit supporting encouraging use design festival first held within city centre park plaza hotel cardiff greyfriars road well number event seminar various location around city cardiff design festival featured portable exhibit showcased best wale featuring local company including asbri howies hoffi orangebox staziker jones studio sda elfen attic exhibit transported london design festival dutch design week festival incorporates best welsh design award winner announced towards end day event past winner include digital medium agency carbon studio architect hyde hyde environmental designer bwa design festival organised outset olwen moseley cardiff school art design describes part global explosion chance reflect state design cardiff wale cardiff design festival – official website |
8,418 | 29,130,254 | 0 | Cardiff Mela | Kingdom | cardiff mela also known cardiff multicultural mela annual largescale outdoor multicultural festival held city roald dahl plass cardiff bay free event free year since inception celebrates many cultural aspect asian life particularly music dance fashion food annual event first took place outdoor location cooper field cardiff castle heart cardiff city centre festival featured bhangra bollywood rnb singer including h dhami mumzy stranger navin kundra amongst others event attracted visitor featured performance bombay rocker cardiff mela also part cardiff festival series event include live music street theatre openair theatre children’s entertainment funfair cardiff festival provides mix popular wellestablished new event take place city centre around cardiff bay mela founded imran iqbal currently event artistic director coordinator mela part special national partnership entitled plane train rickshaw saw two performer start day cardiff bay followed trip london mela flying north end journey edinburgh mela stage performing three event day event headlined bombay rocker imran khan however imran khan unable perform due ill health event took place sunday july featured performance stereo nation mumzy stranger jernade miah mohammed uzzal miah panjabi nature panjabi hit squad junai kaden juz event hosted tommy sandhu noreen khan bbc asian network event took place sunday july artist performed event included imran khan singer h dhami jassi sidhu apache indian event take place sunday june artist performed event included juggy jaz dhami event took place sunday september artist performed event included lehmber hussainpuri team pbn event go ahead year due non availability funding non availability venue event took place sunday september headline artist included h dhami koomz bambi bains jay kadn event cancelled due covid took place sunday september headline artist included raf saperra liilz metz trix dj kizzi panjabi hit squad event hosted serena smash bengali bbc asian network cardiff mela official website |
8,419 | 61,635,237 | 0 | Horizons Gorwelion | Kingdom | horizon welsh gorwelion art scheme music festival launched jointly bbc cymru wale art council wale develop new independent contemporary music artist curated bbc presenter bethan elfyn scheme host yearly showcase also display artist slot major domestic international festival well securing studio access like rockfield maida vale february scheme launched first took part national eisteddfod llanelli promoting artist including musician chris jones llwyfan perfformio may horizon named horizon announced first twelve artist inceptive event applicant reviewed scheme among final artist candela indie rock group llanuwchllyn gwynedd casi wyn singer songwriter bangor based london chris jones welsh celtic folk singer cwmyglo near caernarfon kizzy crawford welsh language singer songwriter bajan heritage merthyr tydfil plu alternative folk sibling trio snowdonia sŵnami indie rock group dolgellau baby queen climbing tree gabrielle murphy houdini dax seazoo people poet scheme began year involvement inaugural x music festival took place june bute park cardiff edition horizon held chapter art centre canton cardiff swn festival various venue including clwb ifor bach womanby street city featured group cut ribbon would go highlighted fred perry subculture campaign track want watch something loved burn among artist named sixmember band led aled rheon brother iwan rheon dan bettridge hannah grace welsh singer songwriter bridgend peasant king mellt violet sky singer songwriter chepstow monmouthshire yr eira hm morris reu delyth mclean cold committee cut ribbon saw event showcasing band across wale event hosted moon club womanby street well dimswn event scheme also participated festival n° lost wood stage artist danielle lewis david ian robert also covered folk radio release year recorded result bbc art council funding afro cluster cardiffbased collective musician south wale anelog casey castle psychedelic pop trio llanrug connah evans danielle lewis singersongwriter new quay fleur de lys reuel elijah hiphoprb singer cardiff roughion tibet hero ysgol sul three piece llandeilo festival saw showcase portmeirion festival n° event including nogood boyo alffa campfire social headline slot see river scheme also exhibited great escape festival brighton last music bar saw performance boy azooga chroma mrphy gentle good nia wyn rachel k collier trampolene himalaya dream state year also saw engagement welsh language music day gower college swansea audience range attendee including newport rap group goldie lookin chain year selection made notable decision select number female musician consisting person line including artist indie reggae rock folk blue genre scheme invited adwaith alffa aleighcia scott campfire social marged nia wyn see river perform record rockfield studio queen oasis fame well hosting performance tramshed cardiff himalaya adwaith aleighcia scott alffa campfire social chroma eädyth himalaya see river marged nia wyn nogood boyo pitchfork lineup edition announced june described including dreamy indiepop band whose music appeared black mirror made chelsea electro teenage pop artist live rock rap reggae group jazz singer dance producer one fastest banjo player wale artwork event commissioned welsh artist cadi lane installed along womanby street codewalkers darren eedens slim pickins endaf esther eve goodman gwilym hanak jack perrett kidsmoke rosehip teahouse serum cledrau lineup edition announced february received largest ever funding since launch alice low anwar sizbar aisha kigs alekxsandr asha jane bandicoot bug club chasing shadow celavi clwb fuzz cerys hafana ci gofod cupsofte gwenno morgan hana lili heme teddy hunter james cold gun kenz kinnigan kim hon harry jowett lemfreck lloydy lew luke rv mace great malan mali haf mantaraybryn mirari niques panta ray rebecca hurn roman yasin skylark soren araujo sybs su sang song szwe tara bandito tapestri thallo winger record wobbli boi want voya yazmean xl life music cardiff music newport music wale culture recreation cardiff huw stephen bethan elfyn welsh language official website |
8,420 | 11,274,819 | 0 | Iris Prize | Kingdom | iris prize established berwyn rowlands festival company international lgbtq film prize festival open film interest gay lesbian bisexual transgender intersex audience must completed within two year prize deadline prize open filmmaker around world judged panel international filmmaker artist winner receives largest prize gay lesbian film world—a package valued £—allowing winner make next film awarded annual festival held cardiff present programme screening including competing film several feature film panel session visiting filmmaker culminates closing night award ceremony iris prize secured support lesbian gay film festival around world creating single international platform intention raising profile lesbian gay cinema helping new generation filmmaker achieve success international stage partner festival selects one film annually participate iris prize partner festival include lgbtqfilm festival toronto los angeles new york sydney dublin san francisco philadelphia hong kong rochester new york journalist andrew pierce became first chair iris prize tom abell managing director peccadillo picture succeeded pierce chair iris prize outreach charity set challenge discrimination lgbtq people awarded funding national lottery community fund undertake ambitious programme community engagement across wale three year second project awarded funding expected see ten new short film made pariah dee rees usa cowboy till kleinert germany steam eldar rapaport usa samaritan magnus mork norway dont want go back alone daniel ribeiro brazil wilding grant scicluna australia gorilla tim marshall australia god creature brendan mcdonall australia vessel arkasha stevenson usa balcony toby fellholden uk mother know best mikael bundsen sweden three centimetre lara zeidan lebanonuk black hat sarah smith usa short calf muscle victoria warmerdam netherlands baba adam ali sam arbor uk tarneit john sheedy australia scaring woman night karimah zakia issa canada private life abbe robinson james connor clements diana aleem khan mosa ana moreno red bike andrew steggall stable disabled horse fabio youniss mother jay bedwani middle man charlie francis closet lloyd eyremorgan balcony toby fellholden love moses dionne edward beyond there always black issue dear claire lawrie brother mermaid alfie dale better michael j fern baba adam ali sam arbor queer parivaar shiva raichandani fked sara harrak dream boy james bolton usa red wood david lewis usa friend faro nana neul germany august eldar rapaport usa sex angel xavier vilaverde spain cupcake bananot eytan fox israel boy meet girl eric schaeffer usa th man andrew nackman usa real boy shaleece haas usa prom king christopher schaap usa yen tan usa danced levan akin swedengeorgia cocoon leonie krippendorff germany rebel dyke harri shanahan siân williams uk metamorphosis jose enrique tiglao philippine femme sam h freeman ng choon ping uk murray bartlett august ohad knoller yossi ryan steele five dance michael welch boy meet girl davide capone darker midnight più buio di mezzanotte thom green downriver mile szanto teenage kick félix maritaud sauvage henry golding monsoon leandro faria lelo dry wind vento seco udo kier swan song giancarlo commare mascarpone hubert mikowski norwegian dream gary fannin jim emma darcy talent – allison lane going lala land – kristina valadaviars molly girl – sabine wolf two mother – kate trotter tru love – sigrid ten napel summer zomer – kerry fox downriver – fawzia mirza signature move – jamie chung – linda caridi mom mom lena urzendowsy cocoon senan kara knowing lacey oake change mind amrit kaur queen dream claudia jolly tommies meg salter rosalind eleazar fked gold azeron metamorphosis bishop black captain faggotron save universe son tutu lemon – straight daan bol netherlands – bombshell erin sanger usa – closet lloyd eyremorgan uk – sign andrew keenanbolger usa – lily graham cantwell ireland – mr mccutcheon john sheedy australia – brother mermaid alfie dale uk wing jamie weston uk sam neil ely lloyd eyre morgan uk breathe harm van der sanden netherlands realness twist cass kaur virdee uk – greta sparkman clark usa wing jamie weston birthday boy leo lebeau james bell jim tom young ted noel julia alcamo community short wantneed niamh buckland education short bed thalia kentegan micro short hold close please max robert community short wheres danny amy pennington education short fight dog pamela jikiemi micro short trickledown economics sophie ansell partner festival listed select one film automatically shortlisted iris prize inside film video festival toronto ca outfest – los angeles gay lesbian film festival u frameline san francisco international lgbt film festival u hong kong lesbian gay film festival cn queer screen – sydney mardi gras film festival au newfest new york lesbian gay bisexual transgender film festival u qfest philadelphia u imageout rochester lgbt film video festival u kashish mumbai international queer film festival queer lisboa international queer film festival pt mezipatra prague cz oslo fusion international film festival gaze dublin ie cheries cheris paris fr roze filmdagen amsterdam nl mix copenhagen dk festival mix brasil são paulo br hamburg international queer film festival de shanghai pride film festival shanghai cn agliff austin u melbourne queer film festival au scilia queer palermo tlvfest telaviv il british urban film festival london gb list lgbtrelated award official homepage iris prize theatre wale |
8,421 | 37,361,507 | 0 | Made in Roath | Kingdom | made roath annual art festival take place every october roath neighbourhood adjacent city centre cardiff wale event showcase art music performance literature food variety venue including people home organised tightknit community roath made roath first took place threeday festival october organised local artist helen clifford gail howard centred open exhibition gate art centre curated exhibition corner shop festival took place weekend – october grown include open house musician poetry reading national poet wale gillian clarke oneman cinema amongst many event made roath expanded event even partnership cardiff design festival experimentica october festival extended beyond immediate roath area include event queen arcade cardiff city centre called hand roath poetry live music planned well art installation artist sarah rees october event included open exhibition sho gallery work sponsored local launderette pet shop well participation local church shop cafe pub official website |
8,423 | 14,317,508 | 0 | Sŵn | Kingdom | sŵn festival sŵn welsh sound noise welsh pronunciation suːn music festival founded bbc radio dj huw stephen cardiffbased promoter john rostron festival take place annually stephen hometown cardiff wale first sŵn festival took place november band playing included crib beirut david holmes edwyn collins cherry ghost dj including annie mac music festival core medium stephen eclectic musical taste reflected diversity artist performing welsh language band well represented lineup festival took place – november band playing included golden silver trucker husk micachu shape little comet young marble giant euro child colorama sweet baboo rob da bank festival took place – october dananananaykroyd johnny foreigner copy haho munch munch drum longcut girl gaggle twilight sad cate le bon talon sweet baboo cardiffbased band los campesinos played venue used chapter art centre barfly city arm clwb ifor bach dempsey fuwch goch model inn toucan cardiff university student union gate vulcan national museum cardiff sŵn festival took place october cardiff city centre new venue added including sherman theatre angel hotel edition event best small festival accolade nme award edition sŵn festival also nominated best small festival nme award announced clwb ifor bach would take running festival stephen rostron departed sŵn festival official site |
8,424 | 47,108,095 | 0 | Tafwyl | Kingdom | tafwyl festival annual welshlanguage festival take place cardiff wale culminates two day open air festival normally held cardiff castle event set initially took place small scale outside mochyn du pub near city centre since held cardiff castle bute park though july took place llandaff field pontcanna form part series summer festival entitled cardiff festival tafwyl split two event tafwyl fair main event weekend tafwyl week day fringe festival week main weekend event includes bar selling amongst thing specially brewed beer cwrw tafwyl street food outlet organiser describe tafwyl week featuring welsh culture finest main festival free enter saw visitor peak ground one time compared cardiff castle maximum capacity tafwyl attracted people tafwyl returned cardiff castle outgrew site moved bute park use cooper field sunken lawn returned bute park band performer appearing festival included bryn fôn candela elin fflur geraint jarman niwl meic stevens sŵnami yws gwynedd official englishlanguage homepage evaluation report |
8,425 | 60,654,849 | 0 | Welsh Language Music Day | Kingdom | welsh language music day welsh dydd miwsig cymru music festival founded radio presenter huw stephen event take place day base cardiff well previously london swansea even far brooklyn budapest despite welsh language word music cerddoriaeth cerdd alaw colloquial term miwsic borrowed english word music used instead promote event festival take place annually stephen hometown cardiff wale well hosting event uk city including london caernarfon swansea first welsh language music day took place february artist highlighted include mellt gwenno saunders gentle good chroma adwaith candela meic stevens los blancos alffa organisation across wale involved yearly event including sŵn bbc horizon forté project clwb ifor bach big fish little fish event held across uk including venue cardiff well king place london clwb ifor bach womanby street cardiff castle emporium womanby street cardiff st john church canton cardiff blackwood miner welfare institute blackwood whitehall pwllheli tafarn yfic pwllheli galeri caernarfon clwb canol dre caernarfon bangor university venue cymru llandudno independent event also organised menter iaith following conwy maldwyn fflint wrexham sir dinbych ceredigion year event organiser research streaming popularity welsh language music act globally event found popular welsh artist spotify joy formidable super furry animal cate le bon catatonia iwan rheon gwenno saunders yws gwynedd bryn fon al lewis sŵnami survey also found following artist popular shazam catatonia super furry animal gwenno saunders casi yws gwynedd bryn fon meic stevens dafydd iwan omaloma elin fflur culture recreation cardiff huw stephen music cardiff music newport music wale welsh language official website english official website welsh |
8,426 | 50,481,034 | 0 | Bristol International Exhibition | Kingdom | bristol international exhibition held ashton meadow bower ashton area bristol england exhibition planned since commercial venture fully supported civic dignitary city caused difficulty raising fund needed construction venue wooden frame covered plasterboard occurred month prior opening opened may closed june funding raised exhibition reopened continued struggle lower expected attendance following several court hearing finally closed august outbreak world war site covered acre ha next river avon served two railway station venue included international pavilion concert hall replica bristol castle representation old plymouth replica revenge dominion pavilion attraction included scenic railway roller coaster building representing shakespeare england entire site lit electric lighting including pageant ground grandstand holding people premature closure exhibition site used barrack gloucestershire regiment building became warehouse troop left demolished world war ii site used troop squatter housing structure site used allotment cricket club horse dog section avon somerset constabulary construction started housing part site plan exhibition laid initial director local business leader soon replaced merchant john bellham theatre artist director leolyn gustav hart involved festival empire held crystal palace london celebrate coronation king george v idea hold colonial exhibition encourage local business trade british dominion support leader city civic leader limited many already involved organising annual exhibition royal agricultural society england held bristol durdham share issued company rental site agreed owner city corporation acre ha great western railway acre ha publicity event distributed newspaper april extensive coverage detailed plan exhibition building concert music competition pageant pageant planned john henderson themed around history bristol period – – – cast local people planned company planning exhibition raised fund variety backer based account projected income £ would include entrance fee million visitor expenditure £ including £ construction cost clearance site started end delayed march finance agreed two month exhibition due open may average worker per week employed westminster construction company ltd site site also known ashton field rownham field well ashton meadow covered acre ha served two railway station clifton bridge railway station ashton gate railway station renamed exhibition station duration event triangular site bordered river avon north road called ashton avenue east railway track west bridge set railway track running across site exhibition hall built timber frame cladded plasterboard moulding made fibre gypsum given white appearance became known locally press report white city major building included international pavilion concert hall capacity replica bristol castle erected northern end site hold military exhibit next dominion pavilion intended showcase product dominion south pageant ground seating grandstand exhibit included scenic railway roller coaster building representing shakespeare england designed jennie cornwalliswest better known lady randolph churchill successfully exhibited earl court exhibition centre electric lighting installed bristol corporation electricity department still innovative expensive involved mile km cable including river although incomplete exhibition officially opened may john swaish lord mayor bristol day included tour journalist concert choir followed firework display visitor entered exhibition via avenue mural canvas representing agriculture trade landscape culture rhodesia india australia malaysia passed foot bridge railway approached international pavilion foot high covered floor space square foot held exhibit related industry manufacturing next section included egyptian garden colonnade music pavilion could hold customer large dance floor orchestra space choir pleasure side exhibition included figure eight roller coaster jungle area performance included lion entertainment hall mirror rifle range shakespeare england consisted oldworld architecture adjacent dominion garden bandstand close dominion pavilion fine art gallery near replica bristol castle representation old plymouth replica revenge flagship francis drake spanish armada june eight day official opening leolyn hart closed exhibition told workman still finishing display come work gate receipt poor original funding £ exhausted debenture holder wanted exhibition stay open try recoup loss arthur collins appointed receiver attempted raise fund local supporter reopened june funding obtained backer london new manager appointed criticised bristolians backing exhibition although windingup order submitted creditor june receiver announced money raised plan additional attraction place daily pageant variety lecture included programme daily pageant ran june july failed recoup initial outlay court hearing held july company responsible exhibition wound although stayed open attendance increased exhibition closed good august soon declaration hostility became first world war closure building used troop barrack drill hall troop bristol th battalion gloucestershire regiment last troop left site january equipment sold building used warehouse removed world war ii site used barrack troop post war period squatted made homeless bombing bristol blitz building since removed site used sport pitch including bedminster cricket club white city allotment former horse dog section avon somerset constabulary burlton clive bristol lost city built inspire transformed war bristol book isbn oakley mike bristol railway station – redcliffe isbn |
8,427 | 47,509,121 | 0 | CarFest | Kingdom | carfest annual family music motoring festival held cheshire hampshire england founded radio presenter chris evans raise fund child need british charity festival present variety entertainment live music performance track show celebrity chef demo driving experience steam fair fundraising family fun run carnival fancy dress parade event taken place annually since exception cancelled due covid north event held location throughout cheshire including cholmondeley castle oulton park bolesworth estate south event held laverstoke park farm overton hampshire every year since debut last year carfest north took place bolesworth estate focus making one main annual event laverstoke park carfest south former f driver martin brundle created metre scalextric circuit event held oulton park cheshire folland gnat aircraft one pair performing display crashed ground killing pilot kevin whyman richard jones feeling put together carfest supergroup behalf evans released live double album th anniversary music motoring festival profit going number charity including teenage cancer trust starlight childrens foundation vocalistsmusicians album include roger daltrey kt tunstall gary kemp ricky wilson jones wife sophie ellisbextor brand event previously organised carfest event year moved away venture carfest management set |
8,428 | 17,158,462 | 0 | Club Day | Kingdom | club day also known gala day field day annual community celebration common rural community north west england club church organization process gather various activity competition fancy dress art craft cooking produce many event originated procession church strong agricultural background village hold club event weekend year avoid conflicting neighbouring village event often centre rose field day queen young girl selected year whose duty include official opening event central role procession village ribchester field day queen responsible opening village event kirkham club day lytham club day grimsargh field day freckleton club day club day fyldegovuk |
8,429 | 1,521,063 | 0 | Crick Boat Show | Kingdom | crick boat show waterway festival event held annually crick marina northamptonshire england since inception show take place every year grand union canal crick marina located leicester line north crick tunnel level section canal top watford flight foxton flight site close junction event traditionally taken place last bank holiday weekend may show first held organised british waterway held every year since responsibility organisation passed waterway world magazine remained ever since partnership canal river trust crick marina event focal point inland boating calendar provides opportunity boatbuilder seller promote new secondhand boat visitor considering buying boat every conceivable type product service canal boat represented exhibitor ranging equipment finance insurance dedicated lecture theatre series free seminar held throughout event covering topic boat maintenance living afloat boatbuying budget free boattrips along grand union canal provided – must booked upon arrival show – boathandling course available additional fee event also billed waterway festival continuous live music large beer festival organised wheatsheaf public house local village real ale food craft stall range childrens activity broadening appeal live music included headline performance recording artist toyah wilcox hazel o’connor tom robinson also feature wellknown tribute act trextasy abba revival show attended plus people included around boat show among nearly exhibitor well established tradition event favourite boat show award voted show visitor presented winner monday visitor choice admired narrowboat two hoot boating leisure service widebeam attracted vote ft brigantine finesse boat previous winner follows narrowboat braidbar boat elizabeth ann ft traditional style hybrid boat widebeam burscough boat whats hurry narrowboat bourne boat builder threpence ha’penny widebeam elton moss boatbuilder kingsley boating leisure service silver melody ft semitrad narrowboat bright interior boating leisure service columbus ft josher tugstyle traditional narrowboat oak interior boating leisure service shackleton ft semitrad narrowboat contrasting fairly traditional exterior bright modern interior navigation narrowboat emily ft tugstyle narrowboat tyler wilson shell mgm boat snail’s pace ft cruiserstern reverse layout narrowboat custom built owner william piper narrowboat barolo ft semitrad narrowboat tim tyler shell braidbar boat braidbar braidbar boat rhiannon canal united kingdom history british canal system official show website organiser website crick marina website illustrated bbc report show map source crick boat show |
8,430 | 59,431,122 | 0 | English festivals | Kingdom | england traditionally celebrates number christian secular festival observed throughout country oak apple day souling rushbearing bawming thorn hocktide local certain region new year day observed january festivity begin day december party held bring new year public event also organised firework display arranged according whistler th century first footing known south england instead glass raised quarter twelve old friendfarewellfarewellfarewell midnight new infant three hip hip horrahs custom included dancing new year north england first footing traditionally observed involving opening door stranger midnight guest seen bringer good fortune coming year allendale town new year celebration involve lighted tar barrel carried head reveller called guisers tradition date back appears originated lighting silver band carolling new year unable use candle light music due strong wind someone suggested tar barrel used move place place would easier carry barrel upon guisers head rather rolling claim pagan festival however claim unfounded plough monday traditional start english agricultural year local practice may vary plough monday generally first monday twelfth day epiphany january reference plough monday date back late th century day plough monday sometimes referred plough sunday day traditionally saw resumption work christmas period area particularly northern england east england custom observed plough monday varied region common feature lesser greater extent plough hauled house house procession collecting money often accompanied musician old woman boy dressed old woman called bessy man role fool plough pudding boiled suet pudding containing meat onion norfolk eaten plough monday instead pulling decorated plough th century men boy would dress layer straw known straw bear begged door door money tradition maintained annually january whittlesey near peterborough preceding saturday straw bear paraded street whittlesey shrove tuesday day beginning lent also known pancake day england traditional eat pancake day saint valentine day also known feast saint valentine celebrated annually february originating western christian feast day honouring one two early saint named valentinus saint valentine day recognized significant cultural religious commercial celebration romance romantic love although public holiday martyrdom story associated various valentine connected february presented martyrologies including written account saint valentine rome imprisonment performing wedding soldier forbidden marry ministering christian persecuted roman empire according legend imprisonment saint valentine restored sight blind daughter judge execution wrote letter signed valentine farewell day first became associated romantic love within circle geoffrey chaucer th century tradition courtly love flourished thcentury england evolved occasion lover expressed love presenting flower offering confectionery sending greeting card known valentine valentine day symbol used today include heartshaped outline dove figure winged cupid since th century handwritten valentine given way massproduced greeting card europe saint valentine key given lover romantic symbol invitation unlock giver’s heart well child order ward epilepsy called saint valentine malady saint valentine day official feast day anglican communion lutheran church many part eastern orthodox church also celebrate saint valentine day albeit july july former date honor roman presbyter saint valentine latter date honor hieromartyr valentine bishop interamna modern terni tradition include sending card flower chocolate gift valentine day england still remains connected various regional custom norfolk character called jack valentine knock rear door house leaving sweet present child although leaving treat many child scared mystical person united kingdom celebrates mothering sunday fall fourth sunday lent holiday root church originally unrelated american holiday historian believe mothering sunday evolved thcentury christian practice visiting one mother church annually laetare sunday result tradition mother reunited child day young apprentice young woman service released master weekend result influence american mother day mothering sunday transformed tradition showing appreciation one mother celebration easter day fixed movable observance easter day also known resurrection sunday mark high point christian year festival holiday celebrating resurrection jesus dead described new testament occurred third day burial crucifixion roman calvary c ad culmination passion jesus preceded lent great lent fortyday period fasting prayer penance united kingdom good friday easter monday bank holiday tradition include going church eating easter egg hotcross bun north england tradition rolling decorated egg steep hill pace egging still adhered today hocktide old term used denote monday tuesday second week easter english mediaeval festival tuesday preceding monday hockdays together whitsuntide twelve day christmastide week following easter marked vacation husbandman year slack time cycle year villein ceased work lord demesne likely land well coventry play called old coventry play hock tuesday suppressed reformation owing incidental disorder accompanied revived part festivity queen elizabeth visit kenilworth july depicted struggle saxon dane given colour suggestion hocktide originally commemoration massacre dane st brices day november rejoicing death harthacanute june expulsion dane date anniversary bear england tradition survives hungerford berkshire although festival somewhat modified celebrate patronage duchy lancaster john gaunt st duke lancaster granted grazing right permission fish river kennet commoner hungerford despite legal battle reign elizabeth duchy attempted regain lucrative fishing right case eventually settled townspeople favour queen interceded hocktide hungerford combine ceremonial collecting rent something previous tradition demanding kiss money although hocktide celebration take place several day main festivity occur tuesday also known tutti day hocktide council elected previous friday appoints two tutti men whose job visit property attracting commoner right formerly collected rent accompanied bellman town crier summon commoner attend hocktide court town hall fine unable attend one penny lieu loss right tutti men carry tutti pole wooden staff topped bunch flower cloved orange thought derived nosegay would mitigated smell less salubrious part town time past tutti men accompanied orange man orange scrambler wear hat decorated feather carry white sack filled orange tutti wench give orange sweet crowd return penny kiss proceeding start sounding horn town hall step summons commoner attend court tutti men visit house turn longer collect rent demand penny kiss lady house visit return orange man give owner orange parade tutti men street hocktide lunch take place hocktide council commoner guest traditional plantagenet punch served meal initiation ceremony known shoeing colt held firsttime attendee shod blacksmith leg held nail driven shoe released shout punch orange heated coin thrown town hall step child gathered outside april fool day annual celebration commemorated april playing practical joke spreading hoax joke victim called april fool people playing april fool joke often expose prank shouting april fool unfortunate victim newspaper magazine published medium report fake story usually explained next day news section smaller letter although popular since th century day public holiday saint george day also known feast saint george feast day saint george celebrated april traditionally accepted date saint death diocletianic persecution ad st george day major feast national holiday england par christmas early th century tradition celebration st george day waned end th century union england scotland nevertheless link st george continues today example salisbury hold annual st george day pageant origin believed go back th century recent year popularity st george day appears increasing gradually bbc radio full programme st george day event andrew rosindell conservative mp romford putting argument forward house common make st george day public holiday early mayor london boris johnson spearheaded campaign encourage celebration st george day today st george day may celebrated anything english including morris dancing punch judy show traditional custom st george day fly adorn st george cross flag way pub particular seen april festooned garland st george cross customary hymn jerusalem sung cathedral church chapel st george day sunday closest traditional english food drink may consumed historically may day eve fire lit sacrifice offered obtain blessing newlysown field according hutton england observe may day eve may day fire wide scale however isolated instance fire nottinghamshire lincolnshire however exception cumbria devon cornwall may day eve may day fire lit mayday eve night also called mischief night according roud people lancashire yorkshire surrounding county played trick may day eve roud also state isolated example english folk belief may day eve connected fairy turn twentieth century people herefordshire kingstone thruxton left tray moss outside door fairy dance upon start summer first day may traditional english may day rite celebration include crowning may queen celebration involving maypole historically morris dancing linked may day celebration much tradition derives pagan anglosaxon custom held þrimilcimōnaþ old english name month may meaning month three milkings along many celtic tradition may day traditional day festivity throughout century associated town village celebrating springtime fertility soil livestock people revelry village fete community gathering seeding completed date convenient give farm labourer day perhaps significant tradition maypole around traditional dancer circle ribbon spring bank holiday first monday may created may public holiday england unless fall monday jack green also known jack green english folk custom associated celebration may day involves pyramidal conical wicker wooden framework decorated foliage worn person part procession often accompanied musician jack green emerged within context english may day procession folklorist roy judge noting celebration set immutable pattern rather fluid moving process combined different element various time judge thought unlikely jack green existed much due absence either name structure written account visual depiction english may day procession year jack green developed tradition first recorded seventeenth century involved milkmaid decorating may day diary samuel pepys recorded observing london may day parade milkmaid garland upon pail dancing behind fiddler account described milkmaid carrying decorated milkpail silver plate formed pyramidshape object decorated ribbon flower carried atop head milkmaid accompanied musician playing either fiddle bagpipe went door door dancing resident gave payment form account tatler described milkmaid dancing door plate half customer head account spectator referred ruddy milkmaid exerting sprightly style pyramid silver tankard source indicate tradition wellestablished eighteenth century revival custom occurred various part england jack green seen bristol oxford knutsford among place jack also appear may fair north america deptford fowler troop blackheath morris parading tallest heaviest modern jack many decade either greenwich bermondsey borough deptford end may jack essential part pagan pride parade holborn also known restoration day oak apple day royal oak day english public holiday observed annually may commemorate restoration english monarchy may part country day still celebrated parliament passed law act perpetual anniversary thanksgiving nine twentieth day may declaring may public holiday keeping perpetual anniversary day thanksgiving god great blessing mercy hath graciously pleased vouchsafe people kingdom manifold grievous suffering restoration majesty public holiday formally abolished anniversary day observance act however event still take place uptonuponsevern worcestershire marsh gibbon buckinghamshire great wishford wiltshire villager gather wood grovely wood membury devon day generally marked reenactment activity moseley old hall west midland one house charles ii hid celebration include marching fownhope herefordshire holding flower oak leaf decorated stick saint church northampton statue charles ii garlanded oak leaf noon every oak apple day followed celebration holy communion according book common prayer oak apple day also celebrated cornish village st neot vicar lead procession village followed tower captain holding oak bough large number villager follow walking church story history event told vicar blesses branch tower captain throw old branch top tower new one hauled top everyone invited vicarage garden refreshment barbecue noon villager wear sprig red new oak afternoon wear sprig boy love artemisia abrotanum tradition dictate punishment result stung nettle june appleton thorn host ceremony bawming thorn current form ceremony date th century part village walking day involved child appleton thorn primary school walking village holding sport game school take place village hall ceremony stopped revived headmaster mr bob jones early bawming thorn occurs saturday nearest midsummer day bawming mean decorating – ceremony thorn tree decorated ribbon garland according legend hawthorn appleton thorn grew cutting holy thorn glastonbury said sprung staff joseph arimathea man arranged jesus burial crucifixion rushbearing old english ecclesiastical festival rush collected carried strewn floor parish church tradition date back time building earthen floor rush used form renewable floor covering cleanliness insulation festival widespread britain middle age well established time shakespeare fallen decline beginning th century church floor flagged stone custom revived later th century kept alive today annual event number town village north england according roud rushbearing ceremony continue take place warcop grasmere cumbria lammas also known loaf mass day christian festival liturgical calendar mark blessing first fruit harvest loaf bread brought church purpose lammas celebrated august annually name originates word loaf reference bread mass reference christian liturgy holy communion celebrated mark annual wheat harvest first harvest festival year day customary bring church loaf made new crop loaf blessed anglosaxon england lammas bread broken four bit placed four corner barn protect garnered grain christian also church procession bakery working therein blessed christian clergy term lammas contraction ninthcentury anglosaxon expression hláf mæsse “from hallowed bread hláf—hence “loaf” hallowed lammas day according wilson lammas fruit first cereal harvest baked used offering make grain storage barn safe recent revival festival taken place eastbourne east sussex thanks given successful harvest since pagan time harvest festival traditionally held sunday near harvest moon full moon occurs closest autumn equinox september celebration day usually include singing hymn praying decorating church basket fruit food festival known harvest festival community form celebration known harvest home observed england since medieval time festival historically involved local farmer giving dinner helped bring crop festival begin october term halloween derived phrase hallows even refers eve christian festival saint held november begin season allhallowtide time liturgical year dedicated remembering dead including saint hallows martyr faithful departed modern custom observed halloween influenced american tradition include trick treating wearing costume playing game trickortreating customary celebration child halloween child go mask costume house house asking treat sweet sometimes money question trick treat word trick implies threat perform mischief homeowner property treat given practice said root medieval practice mumming closely related souling john pymm writes many feast day associated presentation mumming play celebrated christian church feast day included hallows eve christmas twelfth night shrove tuesday practice souling originates medieval era christian europe soul cake given soulers mainly consisting child poor go door door day allhallowtide singing saying prayer soul giver friend custom associated souling allhallowtide include included consuming andor distributing soul cake singing carrying lantern dressing disguise bonfire playing divination game carrying horse head performing play souling still practised cheshire sheffield england historically halloween associated souling christian practice carried allhallowtide christmastide custom popular england still practised minor extent sheffield cheshire allhallowtide according morton souling performed throughout british isle earliest activity reported however end th century extent practice allhallowtide limited part england wale according gregory souling involved group people visiting local farm cottage merrymaker would sing traditional request apple ale soul cake song traditionally known soulers song sung lamentable tone sometimes adult soulers would use musical instrument concertina rogers belief souling traditionally practised county yorkshire lancashire cheshire staffordshire peak district derbyshire somerset herefordshire however souling also associated area hutton belief souling took place hertfordshire palmer state souling took place saint day warwickshire however custom souling ceased followed relatively early county warwickshire dole instituted john collet solihull within west midland still distributed soul day announcement collection made ringing church bell soulcakes still made warwickshire part yorkshire even though one visited according brown souling performed birmingham part west midland according raven tradition also kept part black country prevalence souling localised part staffordshire observed penn bilston locality modern wolverhampton staffordshire custom souling kept saint eve halloween similarly shropshire late th century set upon board hallows eve high heap soulcakes visitor take song sung people oswestry shropshire contained welsh guy fawkes night also known guy fawkes day bonfire night firework night annual commemoration observed november primarily united kingdom history begin event november guy fawkes member gunpowder plot arrested guarding explosive plotter placed beneath house lord celebrating fact king james survived attempt life people lit bonfire around london month later introduction observance th november act enforced annual public day thanksgiving plot failure presentday guy fawkes night usually celebrated large organised event centre bonfire extravagant firework display lewes bonfire describes set celebration held town lewes sussex constitute united kingdom largest famous bonfire night festivity lewes called bonfire capital world always held november unless th fall sunday case held saturday th event mark guy fawkes night date uncovering gunpowder plot also commemorates memory seventeen protestant martyr town burned stake faith marian persecution st clements day celebrated november modern observance include gathering blacksmith national trust finch foundry sticklepath practise art celebrate patron saint st clement historically festival celebrated many part england involved playing divination game apple festival known biteapple night place wednesbury sandwell bilston wolverhampton people went clementing similar manner souling clementing custom also observed aston sutton coldfield curdworth minworth kingsbury th century st clement popular saint west bromwich child others neighbouring oldbury also begged apple st clements day money st thomas day take place december walsall apple nut provided local council st clements day christmas annual commemorating birth jesus christ observed december feast central christian liturgical year preceded season advent nativity fast initiate season christmastide historically england last twelve day culminates twelfth night christmas decoration put shop town centre early november many town city public event involving local regional celebrity mark switching christmas light decoration people home commonly put early december traditionally including christmas tree card light inside outside home every year norway donates giant christmas tree british raise trafalgar square thank helping second world war christmas caroler trafalgar square london sing around tree various evening christmas eve christmas decoration traditionally left evening january night epiphany considered bad luck christmas decoration date practice many christmas tradition playing christmas music largely stop christmas day mince pie traditionally sold festive season popular food christmas tradition include hanging advent calendar holding nativity play giving present eating traditional christmas dinner boxing day bank holiday happens fall weekend special bank holiday monday occur tradition include carol singing sending christmas card going church watching christmas pantomime child father christmas traditional english name personification christmas although known christmas giftbringer normally considered synonymous american culture santa claus known worldwide originally part unrelated much older english folkloric tradition recognisably modern figure english father christmas developed late victorian period christmas personified century english personification christmas first recorded th century father christmas first appearing midth century aftermath english civil war puritancontrolled english government legislated abolish christmas considering papist outlawed traditional custom royalist political pamphleteer linking old tradition cause adopted old father christmas symbol good old day feasting good cheer following restoration father christmas profile declined character maintained late th th century christmas folk play later known mummer play victorian time father christmas concerned adult feasting merrymaking particular connection child giving present nocturnal visit stocking chimney later victorian christmas developed childcentric family festival father christmas became bringer gift popular american myth santa claus arrived england father christmas started take santa attribute new custom become established nocturnal visitor sometimes known santa claus sometimes father christmas often illustrated wearing long red hooded gown trimmed white fur residual distinction father christmas santa claus largely faded away early year th century modern dictionary consider term father christmas santa claus synonymous |
8,431 | 30,876,866 | 0 | Hobby horse | Kingdom | folklore hobby horse costumed character feature traditional seasonal custom procession similar observance around world england particularly associated may day celebration mummer play morris dance word hobby glossed oed small middlesized horse ambling pacing horse pony word attested english th century middle english hobyn old french hobin haubby whence modern french aubin italian ubino old french term apparently adopted english rather vice versa oed connects byname hobin hobby variant robin compare abbreviation hob robert appears name customarily given carthorse attested white kennett parochial antiquity stated plowman one carthorse generally give name hobin word phil comines us hist vi vii another familiar form christian name dobbin also become generic name carthorse samuel johnson dictionary english language gloss strong active horse middle size said originally ireland ambling nag hoblers hovellers men kept light nag may give instant information threatened invasion old french hober move hobby qv medieval time duty reconnoitre carry intelligence harass straggler act spy intercept convoy pursue fugitive henry spelman derived word hobby hobbler another description cavalry lightly armed taken class men rated pound upwards border horse called hobbler hobby small active trained cross difficult boggy country get footman could scarce dare follow according george macdonald fraser steel bonnet story angloscottish border reivers hobby horse may constructed several different way type frequently found united kingdom categorised follows tourney horse meant look like person riding small horse wearing long cloth coat caparison seen medieval illustration jousting knight tourney tournament circular oval frame suspended around waist chest skirt draped hanging ground frame carved wooden head often snapping jaw operated pulling string attached one end tail rider may wear cape flowing costume help cover frame elaborate version fake leg meant rider hang side skirt though seems fairly recent development sieve horse simpler version tourney horse known lincolnshire made farm sieve frame head tail attached suspended performer shoulder performer wear horse blanket kind includes headpiece hole eye ear cover sieve mast horse meant represent horse animal head made wood sometimes actual horse skull used usually hinged jaw made snap head attached stick ft long person acting creature covered cloth attached back head rarely bend forward crouch holding head front resting end stick ground tail may attached back cloth cloth long enough sheet used welsh mari lwyd performer also stand lifting head front face head hobby horse fit category even within uk famous may day horse padstow minehead large construction suspended shoulder level performer head emerging wear tall pointed hat face masked padstow horse circular frame fairly small snappingjawed head long straight neck minehead horse boatshaped pointed end since head though long trailing tail ft long south france belgium ommegang de termonde elsewhere large hobby horse carried multiple performer hollow framework constructed various way danse du baiar esquièze dancer wear wooden horse head breast dancing indonesia flat silhouette horse suspended dancer leg see individual entry may day hobby horse padstow famous traditional british hobby horse probably may day obby os festival padstow cornwall made circular framework tightly covered shiny black material carried shoulder dancer whose face hidden grotesque mask attached tall pointed hat skirt made material hang edge frame around kneeheight small wooden horse head snapping jaw attached long straight neck long mane stick front frame opposite side small tail horsehair two rival horse fiercely loyal band supporter padstow old os decorated white red supporter wear red scarf show allegiance blue ribbon os peace os decorated white blue supporter follow suit teaser waving padded club dance front os accompanied dance narrow street lively band melodeons accordion drum playing padstows traditional may song osses sometimes capture young woman beneath skirt hobby horse often emerge smeared black child sometimes make colt osses hold may day parade minehead minehead somerset three rival hobby horse original sailor horse traditional sailor horse town horse appear may eve called show night may day morning salute sunrise crossroad outskirt town may may ceremony called bootie take place evening part town called cher new page horse made boatshaped wooden frame pointed built end carried dancer shoulder padstow face hidden mask attached tall pointed hat top surface horse covered ribbon strip fabric long fabric skirt painted row multicoloured roundel hang ground round long tail attached back frame horse accompanied small group musician attendant town horse accompanied gulliver dressed similarly horse without large frame padstow smaller childrens horse sometimes constructed horse visit believed bring good luck past also similar hobby horse based nearby village dunster would sometimes visit minehead obby os minehead horse also visited dunster castle may day hunting earl rone combe martin devon custom called hunting earl rone took place ascension day banned revived take place four day spring bank holiday fool hobby horse accompanied grenadier search village earl finally captured mounted onto real donkey paraded village frequently shot soldier fall mount revived hobby horse fool returned mount finally reaching beach earl executed thrown sea hunting earl rone morris ritual dance hobby horse depicted stainedglass window dating betley hall staffordshire victoria albert museum london directly maypole surrounded appear morris dancer accession c painting c unknown artist fitzwilliam museum cambridge show morris dancer thames richmond party includes hobby horse play witch edmonton william rowley thomas dekker john ford feature group morris dancer hobby horse historical english morris dance side team hobby horse associated popularity animal morris side today probably date early year morris revival ilmington morris created tourney horse ridden sam bennett many year modern revival side extended animal repertoire various imaginative appropriate way eg pig dyke molly molly dancer wear black white costume makeup hobby zebra hobby horse take part ancient abbot bromley horn dance old original horse see gallery replaced realistic carving recent year custom including hobby horse hodening hoodening custom took place leadup christmas eastern kent involving group plowman farmworkers leading hooden horse horse head made wood set short pole snapping jaw sometimes set nail teeth operated person hidden piece sacking stableblanket represent animal body custom described extinct folklorist violet alford since revived various place laare vane new year custom isle man involving whitepainted wooden horse head redpainted snapping jaw white sheet attached draped sheet man would carry head racing unexpectedly room chase girl present house followed rest company laare vane white mare caught girl would take place sheet carry horse back house sitting away others kind sworddance performed stick six male dancer tune mylecharanes march played fiddle climax dance fiddler would enter circle dancer imprisoned intertwined stick dancer wild cry cut head fell ground dead fiddler blindfolded led laare vane knelt head lap another person would question fiddler event coming year particularly would become valentine reply believed true prediction mari lwyd similar creature mari lwyd grey mare english also made horse skull white sheet attached took part new year housevisiting luckbringing ritual southeast wale gaining access house challenge mari lwyd party house took turn improvise verse song household failed come final verse mari allowed enter turned away custom revived recent year old horse owd os poor old hoss part nottinghamshire derbyshire around sheffield existed early th century dore christmas new year custom going house house performing short play dramatised song called old horse towd os poor old horse old horse mast type constructed similar way wild horse soulcakers hooden horse kent earliest record ashfordinthewater derbyshire type performance still continues richmond yorkshire christmas three men dressed hunting pink lead horse made stuffed skin horse head pole man play hidden horseblanket men sing poor old horse song horse snapped jaw end verse custom performed richmond market place around midday christmas eve involves horse death resurrection crouch rise hunting horn blown penglas penglaz name creature cornwall translates grey head hooden mast type horse either carved wood made horse skull like welsh mari lwyd accompanied christmas guisers body horse hide horse cloth sometimes led ridden old penglaze man blackened face carried staff animal revived penzance recent year penglaz penzance obby os appears mazey eve june st john eve part modern midsummer festival instead around midwinter plough monday mummer lincolnshire nottinghamshire part east midland england mummer play performed around plough monday early january team known variously plough stots plough jag plough jack plough bullock plough witch north lincolnshire large team elaborately costumed mummer often character duplicated paraded village street sometimes splitting smaller group enter house perform extract traditional play photograph team scunthorpe burringham scotter burtonuponstather elsewhere showed double gang two hobby horse sieve type made hanging wooden frame large sieve small wooden horse head horsehair tail attached around performer waist however unusual variation rider disguised wearing horsecloth covered head body knee appeared horse riding horse salisbury giant hobnob salisbury giant fttall figure sometimes said represent saint christopher processional figure unique britain current figure wooden frame rebuilt c although probable existed th century rarely appears nowadays kept salisbury south wiltshire museum along companion hobnob tourneytype hobby horse mischievous character used clear way giant procession held tailor guild midsummer eve hobnobs rider face body disguised substantial veil first clear mention hobby horse along mayde marrians coate record tailor guild finally sold hobbyhorse giant museum procession also involved morris dancer around continued sporadically various occasion mid th century soulcaking souling regional variant mummer play performed around soul day cheshire included nonspeaking character called wild horse made horse skull mounted short pole horse played man hidden cloth attached pole bent forward rest pole ground could usually snap horse jaw loudly frighten onlooker winster hobby horse possibly unique custom involving three hobby horse known photograph taken winster hall derbyshire picture appears taken winter climbing plant wall leafless eight nine performer involved bar one facial disguise performer grouped around mast horse possibly snap dragon see shiny black head made painted skull set short pole behind two men threatening posture one waving long stick like handle brush rake probably besom broom blurred two men wearing militarylooking jacket buttoned neck white trouser stand astride small hobbyhorse apparently unique design cylindrical body three inch diameter two foot long held rider leg supported front cord narrow strap around rider neck flat curved wooden neck small stylised head snapping jaw apart mouth horse look almost like simple rocking horse leg removed horseman masked lightcoloured cloth another character wear rather voluminous tattered long dark dress busily brushing ground besom broom reminiscent character besom bet appears mummer play last two character playing rough music bladder fiddle performance may arranged llewellynn jewitt lived hall stanley evans folk dancing derbyshire derbyshire countryside vol april p suggested performer may performing mumming play cawte dismissed suggestion unusual one sign combatant pair horse unusual design mast horse seems centre attention field note made folklorist cecil sharp referred hobby horse without curtain connected morris dance winster also mention snap dragon made real horse head skull dug purpose say whether associated morris seems see account published long visit winster confusing winster morris dancer stated never hobby horse associated morris separate horse ceremony involving skull reburied year note published death llewellynn jewitt noted dozen group traditional performer several group guisers wensley mummer hobby horse snap dragon called winster hall four day christmas new year noted december evening winster snap dragon hobby horse conjoined came u — ten men one snap dragon two hobby horse two devil etc etc kitchen gave money photograph may well show one conjoined team related custom similar custom include broad cotswold old ball forest rossendale lancashire derby tup originally created way mast horse hooden horse derby tup ram represented male sheep took part dramatised version derby ram folksong performed northern derbyshire around sheffield christmas season team boy killed butcher blood collected large bowl version brought back life quack doctor like character mummer play austria sankt lorenzen im lesachtal carinthia fasnacht carnival procession sankt lorenzen im lesachtal southwest austria feature large band musician fancy dress led large rather frisky hobby horse hollow body covered long white sheet almost reach ground long neck head apparently made cardboard papiermâché carried two people hidden beneath sheet horse coloured ribbon attached mane bridle tail rein held man dressed red jacket closely followed boy occasionally prod wooden hayfork blacksmith apron carry bag containing hammer stock character parade include four masked smartly dressed old men walking stick time time horse fall ground shod smith hammer shoe sol one carrier kick wildly man lead sometimes breathes mouth nostril revives continues village ezpeize formal dancing suddenly interrupted wild invasion unruly gang rustically dressed character wearing mask facial disguise rush dancing area pair loud cry wave club furry tail doctor nurse white coat red cross back race around dancing space anticlockwise direction fall ground writhing heap belgium lumeçon ducasse de mon also known doudou ducasse de mon festival take place trinity sunday town mon consists two part first procession shrine saint waltrude second part called lumeçon depicts combat st george dragon feature large processional dragon enormously long stiff tail saint george attempt kill dragon lance fail dispatch pistol illustration th century clearly show dragon three hobbyhorse tourney type modern photograph description event show animal made cowhide look like dog known chinchins chinschins corruption chien dog role aid st george festival recognised unesco since one masterpiece oral intangible heritage humanity general heading processional giant dragon belgium france czech republic killing mare shrovetide finale shrovetide procession town hlinsko czech republic six nearby village including hamry blatno studnice vortová hlinecko region eastern bohemia ritual called killing mare accompanied brass band men boy wearing colourful costume representing traditional character spend whole day going door door visiting every household community except known mourning detail differ slightly place place usually two three hobbyhorse tourney type character include straw men dressed costume made ricestraw blacked face tall pointed straw hat embrace woman roll ground said confer fertility housewife gather straw straw men skirt good luck charm taking home feed goose chicken little wife man dressed woman dotted man four dancer representing turk perform ritual dance front house ensure wealth family good harvest must lift leg high possible ensure tall crop flax wave handkerchief english morris dance originally wielded sabre instead end day men perform ritual called killing mare one group hobby horse judged killed alleged sin brought back life alcohol dance ensues involving onlooker custom survived despite banned th th century catholic church th socialist government recognised unesco element mankind intangible cultural heritage france several hobbyhorse custom exist languedoc area southwest france stronghold totem animal many town village particular creature appear carnival time andor local patronal festival saint day festivity le poulain de pézenas pézenas huge creature called le poulain lo polin occitan colt carried nine men led another accompanied band musician poulain realistically carved wooden head snapping jaw extending neck reach firstfloor window money offering put mouth tumble inside neck semicylindrical body covered dark blue cloth decorated star coat arm pézenas frame tricolor skirt poulain carry two effigy back one male one female called estieinou estieinette estieineta although first written reference poulain creature supposed commemorate visit town louis viii king favourite mare fell ill left behind pézenas louis continued albigensian crusade return astonished find mare fully recovered also given birth fine colt duly presented adorned ribbon return decreed town construct wooden colt used celebrate public festivity legend first recorded early appearance public feast day saint blaise february saint john baptist june feast assumption aug symbol power also appeared time town prévôt distributed bread poor last well visit royalty dignitary poulain burned french revolution royal association revived since appeared mardi gras festive occasion framework weighty construction chestnut made aluminium since originally poulain rider estieinou estieinette sometimes spelled estiénon estiéneta french manner meant recall another royal occasion louis xiii visited town maréchal de bassompierre following king crossing river peyne horseback saw peasantwoman difficulty making crossing foot gallantly offered seat horse merry arrival town caused great amusement two effigy made remember event smaller junior poulains pézenas made child pézenas fadas also fullsized version also similar creature imitation elsewhere still continue lively poulain saintthibéry others known adissan alignanduvent florensac montblanc vias linked local legend medieval famine known lo pouli de la fabo – colt bean also recorded agde caux montagnac castelnau valros nizas languedoc outlier ariège st pierre de soulan instigated former inhabitant pézenas lou chivalet le chevalet hobby horse tourney type frame suspended around dancer waist also appear various festivity languedoc illustration chivalet dance traditional tune old photograph animal type show folk museum agde particularly associated florensac called le chevalet considered town totem chevalet cournonterral hérault died around revived march part annual carnival lâne de bessan donkey as bessan another languedocs totem animal much smaller poulain made frame covered cloth decorated crepe paper flower painted motif skirt carried four men led another dress white tricolor sash crack whip âne dance side side backwards forward traditional tune played nowadays various instrument although traditional hautbois type oboe drum sometimes beast buck hindquarter air supported leader first dancer twirl around three stand ready catch frame descends âne brought open feast st laurent appearing first pm saturday closest saint day accompanied firecracker bell sunday morning go mass blessed final dance also âne gignac le chevalbayard de clermontlhérault revived century half town original chevalbayard burned known bayard baiard occitan meaning bay horse origin traced back th century totem animal hérault perhaps bestknown chameau camel béziers date two year earlier poulain pézenas large impressive boeuf bull mèze huge mouth said date back least lo picart saintjeandefos ferocious ram existed since least montagnac goat sometimes choice animal based play word loupian unsurprisingly wolf loup one recent possibly bizarre totem le porquet pinet caterpillar created early provence lei chivaux frus several frisky horse tourney hobby horse accompany traditional group le tambourinaires de santsumian brignoles folklore revival group founded performance faithfully based authentic tradition chivau frusc cited author frederic mistral aixenprovence folklorist violet alford principally brignoles also southern provence germany odenwald christmas bock esel schimmelreiter various creature used appear odenwald around christmas including straw bear bock figuresvariations also found sweden part scandiniavia around midwinter christmas time perhaps link germanic god thor perhaps even older fertility rite bock name translated goat buck ram stag made similar way mast horse using long two threepronged hayfork formed horn covered white sheet partly stuffed form head face painted onto sometimes held outside window frighten householder sometimes two people stood sheet form longerbodied creature weihnachtsesels christmas donkey made similar way usually two people bending darker coloured blanket rather like pantomime horse schimmelreiter elaborate construction made two large sieve riddle fastened upright position front behind rider chest level front sieve stuffed fabric head neck attached whole covered sheet small hole centre allow rider head show ireland láir bhán team irish mummer known wrenboys perform saint stephen day december pub private house known include white hobby horse láir bhán – cf laare vane tourney type survived present century dunquin county kerry example ballycotton co cork láir bhán led procession hornblowing youth halloween collected money name muck olla legendary giant boar poland lajkonik city kraków hobbyhorse called lajkonik traditionally appears first thursday religious feast corpus christi parade street collecting money accompanied musician costumed follower traditional polish costume others oriental dress carry horsetail insignia colourful costume lajkonik represents bearded tatar warrior carry golden mace mounted white horse touched mace said bring good luck custom said carried year various story told explain origin hobby horse become unofficial symbol kraków version often appear tourist attraction market square spain basque area basque country border france spain strong dance tradition several dance linked seasonal festival zamaltzain hobby horse tourney type small wooden head short lacy skirt take part dance procession zuberoa la soule easternmost part basque country southern france place ezpeize maule urdiñarbe barkoxe altza altzürükü atarratze rider wear elaborate costume red black including koha tall beribboned hat always mirror front zamaltzain mean muleteer mulekeeper dance mule take part danced two team one dressed red black said scholar eugène goyhénèche university pau represent attack village men another rusticlooking horse similar basic construction part celebration carnival lantz spain called zaldiko form essential part carnival procession together ziripot strange character enormous strawstuffed costume dressed red trimmed yellow six tourney horse xaldiko zaldiko take part comparsa de gigantes cabezudos pamplona iruña navarre spain nafarroa realistic basque example replicate whole upper part horse body head tail skirt attached rider wear pointed cap tassel used wield inflated bladder stick like tricorned bighead called kilikis parade carry phallic pizzle made foamrubber use belabour onlooker catalonia many festival catalonia region northeast spain involve procession giant outsize animal also involve hobby horse tourney type moreorless realistic head body nowadays often constructed fibreglass larger figure mule also found several place carried two performer whose leg visible beneath skirt hanging animal hollow body addition dragon various sort also popular bull eagle lion many firework attached set around santa tecla festival take place tarragona september includes saint day september number animal real mythical impersonated parade form major part festivity among largerthanlife mulassa mule carried two dancer hidden skirt apart leg creature take part àliga eagle bou bull cucafera coco mythical monster drac de sant roc dragon saint roch lleó lion víbria female wyvern prominent breast several firework attached extremity showered spark attendant spectacular sight indonesia kuda kepang kuda lumping jaran kepang kuda lumping woven bamboo horse also known kuda kepang jaran kepang traditional javanese dance depicting group horseman island java indonesia dancer ride horse made woven bamboo decorated colorful paint cloth generally dance portrays troop riding horse another type kuda lumping performance also incorporates trance magic trick art introduced neighbouring johore singapore javanese migrant performed wedding special dancing troupe led danyang typical troupe today comprises horseman medicine men gamelan musician – guardian modern performance reenact story legendary nine muslim saint wali songo brought islam java nowadays often kept brief intended simply entertainment may even performed woman gamelan percussion orchestra made drum hanging gong two knobbed gong wooden frame tubular bamboo chime called angklung detail fuller elaborate performance however include state shamanistic trancelike possession custom may originally form totemic worship photograph early th century collection amsterdam tropenmuseum museum tropic show another ritual dance reog ponogoro involving huge tiger mask costume singa barong accompanied jatil riding woven bamboo hobby horse perform jaran kepang dance newfoundland mummering newfoundland hobby horse mast type sometimes used mummer janneys went mummering around christmas season also took christmas bull made similar manner housetohouse visit mischievous horse intended malevolent appearance antic often frightened visited encountered mummering dying enjoyed recent revival first mummer festival held st john december even workshop making hobby horse mayday procession including teaser fool hobby horse try capture woman skirt feature climactic scene british culthorror flick wicker man term hobby horse came expression ride one hobbyhorse meaning follow favourite pastime turn modern sense term hobby term also connected draisine forerunner bicycle invented baron karl von drais london coachmaker named denis johnson began producing improved version popularly known hobbyhorse artistic movement dada possibly named french child word hobby horse term also nautical vessel pitching forward backward sea harmonically said hobby horsing bumba meu boi – similar brazilian tradition ox instead horse hobby horse toy hooden horse dorset ooser – unrelated similar custom dada – art movement based french word hobby horse pantomime horse photo hobby horse competition |
8,433 | 18,313,228 | 0 | Lancashire Day | Kingdom | lancashire day county day historic lancashire england held november commemorate day lancashire first sent representative parliament attend model parliament king edward lancashire day first held organised coordinated friend real lancashire observed loyal toast king duke lancaster celebrated everywhere within county palatine day marked throughout historic county town crier announcing lancashire day proclamation declares historic region boundary county finish god bless lancashire god save king duke lancaster day since widely publicised including report bbc website local press day receives support district council lancashire county council wigan bolton st helen council resolved support day every year many town throughout historic county host event day notably reading lancashire day proclamation formal occasion day long live noble duke unofficial lancashire anthem variant god save king often used respect duke lancaster always reigning monarch |
8,434 | 2,497,179 | 0 | N-Town Plays | Kingdom | ntown play also called hegge cycle ludus coventriae cycle cycle medieval mystery play manuscript housed british library london bl m cotton vespasian name might suggest though property thcentury antiquarian sir robert bruce cotton housed large library cotton librarian richard james quickly examined manuscript erroneously assumed contained biblical play performed coventry th th century thus naming ludus coventriae play called corpus christi mistaken case mistake proven difficult correct name ludus coventriae persists secondary critical literature well th century complication ntown play made hardin craig medieval drama called collection hegge play former owner robert hegge name hegge play briefly caught common way refer play ntown play reference last stanza opening proclamation play played ntown play toured town town n meaning nomen latin name would replaced name town cycle playing given time play ntown cycle vary simple almost liturgical recitation biblical text moses play ten commandment jesse play king prophet pentecost play highly complex fast moving short drama biblical theme naturalism liveliness death herod woman taken adultery almost unique early drama play played wagon single booth stage hand two mary play passion play written often called place scaffold production round using scaffold raised stage also platea place stage true nature manuscript hidden fact scribe arranged episode chronological order starting creation ending judgment simulating episodic play presenting salvation history two northern civic cycle york chester buried mary play inside nativity sequence copied passion play place raising lazarus resurrection appearance taken painstaking paleographic codicologic examination manuscript determine scribe actually complicate matter point history copying play proclamation attached although proclamation match play follow someone possibly scribe manuscript placed number margin text incident correspond description pageant proclamation affect single episode pageant break flow passion play obscured existence mary play century final scribal feature manuscript stage direction reflect curious mixture intent seem recording performance detail time facilitating reading manuscript meditation text rather using text enacted stage direction latin pageant mary play mix english latin passion play almost entirely english seem function much aid help reader visualise action actual practical instruction director detail costume action stage direction passion play suggest description actual performance liturgical music specified mary play assumption play including opening word piece incipit stage direction hand stage direction many pageant quite laconic scholar worked manuscript agree belongs east midland attempt made place far north lincoln even called lincoln cycle scholar period still performed shadow lincoln cathedral general consensus place manuscript east anglia stephen spector cautiously writes linguistic evidence indicates codex recorded principally exclusively scribe trained east anglia spector xxix meredith positively asserts mary play come norfolk meredith however since eclectic nature m recognised scholar hesitant insist play copied anthology played place date appears hand major scribe end purification play f v earliest possible date copying text spector concluded basis dialectal evidence play cannot predate basis watermark paper paper used main scribe come period – possible basis paper assumption play written separately different scribe bound main m copied slightly earlier safe assume m date second half third quarter ca – th century make oldest m contain large number biblical play although know play performed elsewhere late th century york manuscript written towneley m turn th century version chester play majority play make ntown cycle based rather tenuously bible others taken roman catholic legend apocryphal source folk tradition parliament heaven based one verse psalm marian play place strong emphasis early life virgin well relationship joseph play heavily upon popular medieval old man younger wife trope trial mary joseph play identified pastiche east anglian ecclesiastical court system proclamation banns play creation heaven fall rebel angel play creation world fall adam eve play cain abel play noah flood play abraham sacrifice isaac play moses ten commandment play root jesse prophecy savior play joachim anna conception mary play joachim anne presentation mary temple play marriage mary joseph play parliament heaven annunciation first part debate four daughter god play joseph doubt mary play mary visit elizabeth play trial mary joseph play nativity play annunciation visitation shepherd play play play adoration magi play purification play massacre innocent play christ doctor temple play baptism christ play parliament hell temptation desert play woman taken adultery play raising lazarus play first passion play lucifer john baptist conspiracy christ entry jerusalem play last supper play agony garden arrest christ play christ passion herod boasting trial anna caiphas play death juda trial pilate herod play pilate wife second trial pilate play procession calvary crucifixion christ play harrowing hell play burial christ guarding sepulchre play harrowing hell b christ appearance mary pilate berates soldier play three mary tomb christ play christ appearance mary magdalene play christ appearance cleophas luke thomas play ascension christ selection matthias play pentecost play assumption mary heaven play last judgment recent published edition ntown play include ntown play cotton m vespasian vols ed stephen spector oxford published early english text society oxford university press passion play ntown manuscript ed peter meredith harlow longman mary play ntown manuscript ed peter meredith harlow longamn facsimile manuscript british library also published ntown play facsimile british library m cotton vespasian viii ed peter meredith stanley j kahrl leeds university leeds school english lincoln mystery play modern performance medieval mystery play production lincoln cathedral surrounding area lincoln mystery play based ntown play inspired keith ramsay bd head drama bishop grosseteste college ramsay directed oberfuer cycle led work directing production every four year lincoln mystery play play performed lincoln cathedral southwell minster occasionally performance example mister wesley new play roy clarke performed lincoln southwell last post performed lincoln mystery play company drill hall based true story eight local beechey brother five killed world war ilincolnshire archive followed lincoln drill hall world foot steve gillard marking th anniversary ww womens football lincoln war year mystery play tell story mankind seen eye person middle age play usually set birth christ crucifixion play written middle english language ordinary people time guild production flourished year english city cromwell protestant reformation ended tradition play almost forgotten hundred year first major revival york e martin brown production lincoln cycle mystery play performed cathedral conjunction lincoln theatre royal adapted translation martial rose first performance august principal actor brian tree brian protheroe alison steadman production directed clare venables assisted rhys mcconnochie ramsay revived lincoln ntown play play lincoln directed nine production lincoln cathedral two southwell minster ramsay invited present production several international conference medieval drama company performed neustadt germany viterbo rome camerino italy perpignan france oregon united state state ramsays last production mystery play saw karen crow directing production directed geoff readman production directed john bowtell colin brimblecombe lincoln theatre royal hosted gala performance raise fund production directed angela gunstone performance actor ramsay keith lincoln mystery play personal odyssey london nerone book isbn modernised version text produced ed schell ramsay official lincoln mystery play website database website listing passion play lincoln lipdub filmed july bbc lincolnshire feature cast lincoln mystery play original text introduction play alexandra f johnston modernised version stanley j kahrl alexandra f johnston lincoln mystery play official website |
8,435 | 456,045 | 0 | Oak Apple Day | Kingdom | restoration day commonly known oak apple day royal oak day english welsh irish public holiday observed annually may commemorate restoration stuart monarchy may part england day still celebrated also known shick shack day oak nettle day english parliament passed law act perpetual anniversary thanksgiving nine twentieth day may observance th may act cha c declaring may public holiday keeping perpetual anniversary day thanksgiving god great blessing mercy hath graciously pleased vouchsafe people kingdom manifold grievous suffering restoration majesty charles ii england returning exile entered london may th birthday public holiday abolished anniversary day observance act date retains significance local institutional custom example still observed founder day royal hospital chelsea founded charles ii ireland oak apple day made public holiday observance th may act chas sess c traditional celebration commemorate event often entailed wearing oak apple type plant gall possibly known part country shickshack sprig oak leaf reference occasion battle worcester september charles ii escaped roundhead army hiding oak tree near boscobel house anyone failed wear sprig oak risked pelted bird egg thrashed nettle sussex wearing oak liable pinched giving rise unofficial name pinchbum day similarly known bumping day essex upton grey hampshire church bell rung bellringers used place large branch oak church porch another lychgate smaller branch positioned gateway every house ensure good luck rest year event still take place uptonuponsevern worcestershire marsh gibbon buckinghamshire great wishford wiltshire villager gather wood grovely wood astononclun shropshire membury devon day marked past reenactment activity moseley old hall west midland one house charles ii hid fownhope herefordshire heart oak society organise annual event member society gather local pub march village holding flower oak leaf decorated stick whilst following society banner brass band march go first church service house host refreshment heart oak society previously friendly society reform keep tradition going although oak apple day celebration decreased popularity knowledge fownhope managed keep event going increasing popularity turnout every year saint church northampton statue charles ii garlanded oak leaf noon every oak apple day followed celebration holy communion according book common prayer statue charles ii john hunt erected portico parapet saint church thanksgiving part rebuilding church oak apple day also celebrated cornish village st neot vicar lead procession village followed tower captain holding oak bough large number villager follow walking church story history event told vicar blesses branch tower captain throw old branch top tower new one hauled top everyone invited vicarage garden refreshment barbecue noon villager wear sprig red new oak afternoon wear sprig boy love artemisia abrotanum tradition dictate punishment result stung nettle oak apple day celebrated eton wick within sight charles ii former home windsor castle push penny saint george day england english culture oak apple day custom great wishford chelsea hospital oak apple day british pathé report |
8,436 | 27,831,293 | 0 | The Royal Cheshire County Show | Kingdom | royal cheshire county show simply referred royal cheshire county show royal cheshire show formerly cheshire county show county agricultural show held two day june year land west flittogate lane tabley area cheshire england show organised cheshire agricultural society marked th anniversary visitor expected january became royal cheshire county show cheshire agricultural society founded stapleton cotton st viscount combermere fellow cheshire landowner stated mission promote agriculture encourage industrious moral habit labouring portion community society organised exhibition competition farm participate cheshire show first held roodee chester amalgamated chester show returned roodee next year show outgrown roodee relocated hooton park near ellesmere port year followed show began struggle revived midcheshire three year held several year tatton park show moved current tabley showground show cancelled second time history due national outbreak footandmouth disease affected nearby little leigh year later covid pandemic caused third cancellation though event went virtual show attracts royal involvement princess anne becoming first lady president show reprised role show visited showground second day thousand horse dog cattle sheep goat poultry pigeon rabbit involved competition hundred class horse taking part largest light horse section county show country local farm produce including cheese meat homemade preserve exhibited farmer market womens institute marquee floral display attraction include country pursuit falconry ferreting clay pigeon shooting well demonstration cookery dry stone walling motorcycle display team notable attendee included botanist david bellamy racehorse trainer ginger mccain jenny pitman history agriculture cheshire international cheese award formerly nantwich cheese show royal cheshire show official web site |
8,437 | 6,139,768 | 0 | Royal Cornwall Show | Kingdom | royal cornwall agricultural show usually called royal cornwall show agricultural show organised royal cornwall agricultural association take place beginning june year wadebridge north cornwall england united kingdom showground south side main road hamlet st breock whitecross show last three day attracts approximately visitor annually royal cornwall agricultural association founded known name since member royal family often attend show including king charles iii supporter farming community royal cornwall agricultural association patron princess alexandra attended show prince william appointed patron royal cornwall agricultural association business link agriculture trade stand show using opportunity attract new business well network current customer show attended people live farming community cornwall event include judging cattle sheep horse goat various domestic animal sheepdog trial riding competition driving display falconry game sport craft show live music culmination county cup cornwall young farmer club show held truro venue changed every year showground wadebridge became permanent home show held |
8,438 | 1,092,784 | 0 | Walking day | Kingdom | walking day type church parade walking day common north west england annual event many town village rural community north west known field day gala day club day may several church involved local walking day however church walking day held individually church walking day warrington notable exception benefit participation multiple church many denomination church hire band provide music instance brass band pipe band marching band police provide escort control road traffic police force refusing provide escort public fund may threaten many traditional event child play big part church school boy brigade scout girl guide nonchurch procession often led young lady crowned rose queen year queen may particular church represent whole village indeed rose queen may queen festival example lymm may queen knutsford may queen thelwall rose queen walking day particularly common warrington st helen prescot wigan area held annually district including grappenhall orford padgate penketh stockton heath stretton warrington winwick rainford ashtoninmakerfield haydock newton le willow croft walking day including held warrington orford padgate stockton heath stretton followed fair particular feature walk spectator lining street see child know walking parade run road give child money child often use money collected way spend fair later day warrington walking day date back perhaps largest term attendance participation church walk ecumenical group area business town used close day warrington expanded many firm national international business demand attention detailed history warrington walking day found university sheffield national fairground archive |
8,440 | 7,114,795 | 0 | Jersey Eisteddfod | Kingdom | jersey eisteddfod cultural festival competition jersey founded former dean jersey samuel falle saw competitive class mean speech presentation musical standard fellow islander might improved exception year two world war taken place annually ever since based eisteddfod tradition wale inception festival expanded rapidly encompass discipline craft dance art needlework photography early addition still thrive section discarded longer applicable including laundry shorthand others adopted integrated including youth creative art craft flower arranging advent television depressing effect entry trend reversed middle time steady increase interest currently two festival held annually festival creative art held march spring festival festival performing art held november autumn festival attracts nearly entry via teacher relation supporter estimated jersey eisteddfod reach minimum percent population one time continuing growth necessary move larger premise spring festival operate simultaneously two venue autumn currently autonomous section art craft adult primary school secondary school youth creative art photography flower arranging video handwriting needlework dance music english speech drama jèrriais french section set syllabus engages one adjudicator supervises entry management competition responsible communication competitor management jersey eisteddfod accomplished volunteer either hold office enrolled assist stewarding occasional basis currently person recorded official status jersey eisteddfod celebrated th anniversary daylong event held samarès manor year saw centenary official website |
8,441 | 35,368,789 | 0 | Jersey Folklore Festival | Kingdom | jersey folklore festival music festival held saint helier jersey venue people park possible capacity people two stage main stage situated inside large marquee smaller agapanthus stage named agapanthus flower grow park plan festival announced different annual jersey folk music festival called grassroots came end due financial issue festival cancelled due lack funding jersey tourism development fund timing permission hold event st peter event took place june july people attended weekend following act performed two stage van morrison saturday night headliner ray davy sunday night headline act joan armatrading nouvelle vague lee scratch perry rodriguez badly drawn boy finley quaye wanda jackson jake bugg lloyd yates john cooper clarke john shuttleworth edward aczel stanley forbes recks ashiki rick jones musician frankie davy musician badlabecques folk band performing jèrriais bbc radio jersey live show jersey live |
8,442 | 11,903,259 | 0 | Jersey Live | Kingdom | jersey live music festival alternatively jersey live music festival held annually royal jersey showground parish trinity jersey jersey live started capacity oneday event music across two stage festival took place two day grew size year six stage featuring live music dj comedy spoken word jersey live capacity attendance people per day selling capacity first time festival sponsored year local telecommunication company jt host jt stage festival five stage main stage dance stage family field stage hospitality stage full flow locale dj tent festival featured performance number major star indie dance music since including paul weller prodigy kasabian dizzee rascal chase status festival line typically composed established mainstream indie dance act main dance stage upandcoming artist wide range genre spanning folk hiphop punk ska reggae well number local act making lineup elsewhere festival amongst artist performed jersey live early stage career going become considerably higher profile foal tinie tempah jake bugg ed sheeran razorlight since festival typically following stage main stage dance stage family field stage hospitality stage – entry restricted specific ticket type jt stage fullflow locale dj stage festival held weekend august august festival held weekend august september first time festival granted permission provide campsite however provision camping cancelled festival organiser due lack demand festival held september table list act performed may trinity constable john gallichan declared festival goer age would accompanied adult event measure reduce underage drinking festival held september sponsored jersey telecom attendance per day disputed report excessive drinking underage people jersey telecom renewed sponsorship agreement jersey live fifth year main stage hosted mani stone rosesprimal scream around people attended people attended festival jersey folklore festival music channel island |
8,443 | 37,388,051 | 0 | Dalriada Festival | Kingdom | dalriada festival known dalfest annual cultural heritage festival sport music food take place village glenarm northern ireland united kingdom july main event take place glenarm castle festival first held grown include highland game celebrity chef demonstration performing art live music craft stall childrens entertainment part festival glenarm castle also host outdoor concert known dalriadalive artist appeared dalriadalive include general fiasco duke special amici priest brian houston david phelps ronan keating sharon corr nathan carter lisa mchugh glenarm village local area provides location sporting event triathlon kid duathlon mountain run football shinty rowing regatta horse hunt chase village also host community based event including treasure hunt fun run knockout foraging walk northern ireland wifecarrying competition additional event added festival programme including hiring fair super endurocross competition old quarry glenarm festival week traditionally come end street carnival live music firework finale festival seen one best throughout ireland regularly see people attendance festival also support nominated charity year including sand signal foundation festival cancelled due covid homefest event held artist performed glenarm livestream broadcast festival repackaged dalfest held live event social distancing regulation place artist included undertone pixie lott ella henderson event saw guest including tom odell melanie c roman kemp paddy raff dea matrona belfast community gospel choir festival due held – july vamp kt tunstall included guest list camp dalfest official website official dalriada festival website official glenarm castle website |
8,444 | 23,590,272 | 0 | Eleventh Night | Kingdom | northern ireland eleventh night th night also known bonfire night night twelfth july ulster protestant celebration night towering bonfire lit protestant loyalist neighbourhood often accompanied street party loyalist marching band bonfire mostly made wooden pallet locally collected wood originally celebrated williamite conquest began protestant ascendancy ireland maintained protestant community eleventh night event often condemned sectarianism ethnic hatred irish catholic irish nationalist irish people broadly burning irish tricolour damage pollution caused controlled loyalist paramilitary authority may wary taking action controversial bonfire eleventh night bonfire like twelfth eleventh night bonfire celebrate glorious revolution victory protestant king william orange catholic james ii williamitejacobite war – began protestant ascendancy ireland king william landed carrickfergus supporter across ulster northern province ireland lit bonfire celebrate join celebration attacked williamites also belief bonfire commemorate lighting fire hill county antrim help williamite ship navigate belfast lough night traditionally catholic protestant ulster lit bonfire midsummer may day bealtaine halloween samhain nonsectarian th century also became tradition ulster protestant light bonfire july commemorate williamite victory catholic light bonfire august mark feast assumption mary eleventh night bonfire built mostly wooden pallet lumber local young men boy begin gathering stacking material week beforehand often keep watch bonfire site overnight ensure lit prematurely saboteur community bonfire group raise fund pay wood sometimes crane district council also provide funding cultural grant historically bonfire smaller numerous time community joined consolidate resource build much bigger bonfire often due lack space lighting bonfire typically accompanied large street party loyalist marching band eleventh night bonfire sometimes involve sectarian display symbol irish nationalismrepublicanism irish tricolour symbol catholicism often burnt bonfire tricolour bonfire may daubed sectarian slogan kill taigs kat kill irish kai effigy poster irish nationalist election candidate also sometimes burnt condemned inciting hatred recently symbol large polish immigrant community burnt bonfire described racist intimidation trouble loyalist paramilitary group like ulster defence association uda ulster volunteer force uvf used eleventh night bonfire hold show strength involved masked gunman firing volley shot air conflict bonfire event continued controlled current former loyalist paramilitary member governmentbacked report noted way paramilitary extend legitimacy control community activity case attempt authority intervene controversial bonfire sparked paramilitary violence eleventh night bonfire raised health safety concern well environmental one bonfire often built large possible built near house building need boarded doused water firefighter protect case home caught fire bonfire collapsed near crowd onto road according bbc cleanup road repair due bonfire damage cost thousand pound every year another concern pollution caused tyre burnt bonfire despite ban body belfast city council tyre produce many toxic chemical compound burnt therefore pose major health issue many crate used dyed blue red contain sulfuryl fluoride marked sf methyl bromide marked mb company produce warn people burn due toxicity released cause significant damage lung liver kidney although law could regulate dangerous bonfire authority wary enforcing due threat loyalist violence july bonfirebuilder died falling foot tall bonfire larne attempt make bonfire familyfriendly environmentallyfriendly belfast bonfire initiative set joining initiative community group organize bonfire agree number condition bonfire committee must formed gathering material burning may begin june wood burnt paramilitary flag emblem must displayed bonfire site group forbore burning nationalist flag symbol awarded extra £ funding belfast city council began promoting beacon environmentallyfriendly alternative pyramidshaped metal cage filled willow woodchips set base sand protect ground underneath willow tree regrow within year cut making bonfire environmentally sustainable agreeing use beacon community qualify £ funding belfast city council hold street party – long fly paramilitary flag burn tyre loyalist community belfast begun using beacon however many others oppose beacon claiming infringes upon tradition six beacon lit belfast eleventh night grown fifteen beacon history northern ireland orange order pallet craft unionism ireland |
8,447 | 5,450,624 | 0 | Cooish | Kingdom | cooish name festival promotes manx language culture take place isle man november word cooish manx word many meaning translate mean chat meeting cause issue gettogether festival founded phil gawne name feailley ghaelgagh manx language festival following research trip scottish gaelic development agency inverness isle skye feailley ghaelgagh later renamed cooish feailley ghaelgagh became important feature manx cultural life throughout week long festival period later reverted twoday festival current length gaining support local business manx government well employing extensive advertising festival able ensure people country aware language period fallow year cooish relaunched peel adrian cain yn greinneyderthe cooish really successful promoting raising profile manx’ said adrian ’but thought much work promoting manx language throughout year seemed quite strange say must something one particular week left whilein londeyr lantern award people made new effort promote everyday use manx language launched award given recognition effort member community seen use support use manx language daily basis cooish organised yn çheshaght ghailckagh support manx heritage foundation isle man art council along local business event take festival based around manx language encouragement use coffee morning popup gaeltaghyn used opportunity people practice manx casual informal setting language workshop help people interested learning improving manx well general information session parent discus advantage bilingualism sending child bunscoill ghaelgagh mooinjer veggey although primary purpose cooish promote manx language aim bring together different element gaelic world celebrate shared heritage artist musician gaelic country frequently perform cooish event music song writing workshop well traditional dance music performance throughout festival evening pub session concert also important part festival cooish also provided space new manx language publication yn çheshaght ghailckagh launched christopher lewins droghad ny seihll first thousand word manx |
8,448 | 3,967,652 | 0 | Hop-tu-Naa | Kingdom | hoptunaa hop nay manx oie houney irish oíche shamhna ˌiːçə ˈhəunˠə celtic festival celebrated isle man october celebration traditional gaelic festival samhain start winter thought oldest unbroken tradition isle man manx name oie houney corresponds irish oíche shamhna pronounced though revived manx exact status oíche shamhna role celtic calendar matter debate oíche shamhna eventually mutated halloween northern england ireland carried america irish immigrant developed modern halloween term hoptunaa come manx gaelic song traditionally sung festival included nonsense hoptunaa refrain nonsense rhyme common theme irish scottish gaelic music isle man today many group people continue tradition singing hoptunaa song around house traditionally referred wait going around visiting house especially wealthy soliciting gift beggar going around house featured deemster turnip lantern addition many public hoptunaa event take place across isle man year today include competition artistically carving turnip singing traditional song well many event run within local community national folk museum cregneash host event teach traditional hoptunaa song help people carve turnip modern hoptunaa child dress go house house hoping given sweet money elsewhere child carry carved turnip lantern known moot manx sing hoptunaa song regional variety turnip carved hoptunaa variation focusing way turnip nature decoration believed turniplanterns date earlier start th century vegetable introduced end previous century past child would bring stump turnip batter door refused give money ancient form trick treat practice appears died hoptunaa dance collected mona douglas leighton stowell believed danced street hoptunaa night couple carrying turniplanterns simple procession dance pair dancer involves manx reel step combination arch dance taught many school isle man october year danced many hoptunaa event across island older custom similar attached january new year time prophesying weather prediction fortunetelling last thing night ash fire smoothed hearth receive imprint foot next morning track pointed towards door someone house would die footprint pointed inward indicated birth cake made called soddag valloo dumb cake made eaten silence young woman girl hand baking red ember hearth first helping mix ingredient flour egg eggshell soot salt kneading dough cake divided eaten silence still without speaking eaten went bed walking backwards expecting hoping see future husband dream vision future husband expected appear dream offer drink water mean divination steal salt herring neighbour roast fire eat silence retire bed hold water mouth pinch salt hand listen neighbour conversation whereupon first name mentioned would future spouse traditional food hoptunaa includes mrastyr potato parsnip fish mashed butter leftover evening meal would left crock fresh water fairy toffee would also made sugar water communal activity evening hoptunaa different version hoptunaa song sung different area island jinnie witch modern manx english song sung around douglas area according hampton creer jinnys real name joney lowney lived braddan tried bishop court witchcraft greatest crime stopping ballaughton corn mill sentenced day imprisonment fined £ made stand four market cross dressed sackcloth modern song go follows hoptunaa mother gone away wont back morning jinnie witch flew house fetch stick lather mouse hoptunaa mother gone away wont back morning hoptunaa traalalaa west island longer version sung closely related manx version following version date – similar version recorded vocabulary anglomanx dialect w moore sophia morrison edmund goodwin hoptunaa put pot hoptunaa put pan hoptunaa burnt throt throat hoptunaa guess ran hoptunaa ran well hoptunaa drank fill hoptunaa way back hoptunaa met witch cat hoptunaa cat began grin hoptunaa began run hoptunaa ran ronague hoptunaa guess saw hoptunaa saw old woman hoptunaa baking bonnags hoptunaa roasting sconnags hoptunaa asked bit hoptunaa gave bit big big toe hoptunaa dipped milk hoptunaa wrapped silk hoptunaa traa la lay youre going give u anything give u soon run away light moon southern version castletown includes mention witch mill smelt monument old house key auld hollantide night moon shine clear bright hoptunaa traalalaa jinnie witch jumped college fetch stick stir porridge hoptunaa traalalaa castletown square mighty bare isnt statue hoptunaa traalalaa castle grey parliament gone harbour quiet smuggler run hoptunaa traalalaa light turned sweet given chorus old hollantide night moon shining bright youre going bring u money better bring quick may start sing neighbour think youre thick hoptunaa traalalaa jinnie witch mill dont give u something quick come get new song hoptunaa continue created notable written scaanjoon commissioned culture vannin taken manx traditional music youth group bree part repertoire allantide calan gaeaf guising halloween hogmanay samhain hoptunaa information resource archived october wayback machine culture vannin hoptunaa turnip carving short video explaining carve traditional peel turnip recording song associated hoptunaa performance hoptunaa dance |
8,449 | 27,266,227 | 0 | Mananan festival | Kingdom | annual mananan international festival cultural event held isle man several event throughout year including mananan international festival opera festival oboe festival viola festival event held mainly erin art centre port erin isle man mananan festival founded john bethell supported isle man art council john bethell directed festival beginning patron included sir john betjeman earl harewood lady barbirolli present patron pianist stephen hough official website |
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