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3,963,154 |
Anticholinergics and human brain stem auditory evoked potentials.
|
Samra S K SK, Morris M M MM
|
The American journal of otology . Vol. 7, No. 2, 1986 Mar
|
The effect of premedication with morphine and anticholinergic drugs on absolute and interpeak latencies of brain stem auditory evoked potentials was studied in thirty patients. Two commonly used anticholinergics, glycopyrrolate and scopolamine, given in combination with morphine were studied. Patients premedicated with morphine alone served as a control group. No significant change in either absolute or interpeak latencies was noted in patients premedicated with either morphine alone or morphine and glycopyrrolate. Results in patients premedicated with morphine and scopolamine are inconclusive because of large intersubject variability.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963154/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3963154
|
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] |
3,963,953 |
Functional dyspepsia and chronic idiopathic gastric stasis. Role of endogenous opiates.
|
Narducci F F, Bassotti G G, Granata M T MT, Gaburri M M, Farroni F F, Palumbo R R, Morelli A A
|
Archives of internal medicine . Vol. 146, No. 4, 1986 Apr
|
Chronic idiopathic gastric stasis can be responsible for unexplained dyspepsia. Because exogenous opiates inhibit gastric emptying and endogenouslike substances are present in the gastrointestinal tract, we tested the hypothesis that increased endogenous opiate activity may be responsible for chronic idiopathic gastric stasis. Eighteen patients with chronic idiopathic gastric stasis and ten healthy volunteers were studied by gastrointestinal manometry. Scintigraphic technique also was used, during which either intravenous saline or naloxone hydrochloride were infused. Manometry showed gastric hypomotility in ten patients and duodenal hyperdyskinesia in the remaining eight patients. Naloxone did not alter gastric emptying in healthy subjects or corrected gastric stasis in patients with gastric hypomotility, while it normalized gastric emptying in patients with duodenal dyskinesia. It seems that either gastroparesis or duodenal dyskinesia can promote gastric stasis and chronic dyspepsia, and endogenous opiates participate in the pathogenesis of gastric stasis in patients with duodenal dyskinesia.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963953/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3963953
|
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3,964,152 |
Transdermal scopolamine: human performance and side effects.
|
Gordon C C, Binah O O, Attias J J, Rolnick A A
|
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine . Vol. 57, No. 3, 1986 Mar
|
The effect of transdermal scopolamine on performance was tested on 23 naval volunteers. Performance was evaluated by using a battery of professional (naval-related) and cognitive tests. For all tests performed there were no significant differences between the scores obtained in placebo and transdermal scopolamine conditions. These results were in close agreement with subjective estimations of performance. Transdermal scopolamine significantly reduced salivary flow, whereas mood state, visual acuity, and eye accommodation for near vision were not affected. We conclude that transdermal scopolamine administration is not accompanied by decrement in performance abilities and can safely be used by naval crews.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964152/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3964152
|
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] |
3,964,332 |
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of three different galenic nifedipine preparations.
|
Pabst G G, Lutz D D, Molz K H KH, Dahmen W W, Jaeger H H
|
Arzneimittel-Forschung . Vol. 36, No. 2, 1986 Feb
|
In a randomized three-way crossover study with twelve volunteers the bioavailability and main pharmacokinetic parameters of three different galenic formulations of nifedipine (hard gelatine capsule with pellets = preparation A, soft gelatine capsule with liquid nifedipine = preparation B, retard-tablet = preparation C) were determined. Plasma concentrations of nifedipine were measured by capillary gas-liquid chromatography up to 24 h after single dosing as well as up to 48 h after multiple doses of the drugs (steady state). Statistically significant differences between the preparations were found for AUC, Cmax, and Tmax. In all respects preparation A was intermediate to the other preparations. Plasma levels of 40 ng/ml or more were reached for most subjects within the first half hour after application of a single dose of preparation A and under steady state conditions plasma concentrations of 25 ng/ml or more could be upheld with this preparation for a longer time than with the reference retard tablet (preparation C). No accumulation of nifedipine in plasma occurred following multiple dosing.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964332/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3964332
|
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] |
3,964,359 |
Polyurethane and silver sulfadiazene dressings in treatment of partial-thickness burns and abrasions.
|
Stair T O TO, D'Orta J J, Altieri M F MF, Lippe M S MS
|
The American journal of emergency medicine . Vol. 4, No. 3, 1986 May
|
Epi-Lock, a 1-mm-thick semipermeable sheet of modified polyurethane dressing material, was compared with silver sulfadiazene cream (Silvadene) in a prospective, randomized, cross-over-controlled study in which 50 patients alternated changing antibiotic cream daily with leaving the polyurethane sheet in place for a week. Overall, patient and physician preference for Epi-Lock was statistically significant (P less than 0.004), based on less pain, easier care, and faster healing. The collection of fluid under the polyurethane dressing and the necessity of leaving the wound covered for a week were less well accepted. Epi-Lock represents a major advance in wound dressing materials and should eventually gain wide application in outpatient treatment of partial thickness burns and abrasions.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964359/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3964359
|
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] |
3,964,494 |
Mechanisms underlying the effects of phosphate and calcitonin on bone histology in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
|
Marie P J PJ, Caulin F F
|
Bone . Vol. 7, No. 1, 1986
|
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of phosphate combined with calcitonin on trabecular bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone formation and resorption were assessed blindly on sections from tetracycline-labeled iliac crest bone biopsies from 44 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis obtained before and after 6 months of treatment with phosphate (n = 9), calcitonin (n = 13), combined therapy (n = 13), or double placebos (n = 9). Treatment with phosphate (1.5 g/day) increased the osteoblastic surface in correlation with the fractional trabecular surface with double tetracycline labeling. The mean wall thickness of the basic structural units increased significantly only in the two groups of patients treated with phosphate. Thus, oral phosphate therapy stimulated bone formation by increasing both the bone-forming surfaces and bone matrix production. The mean interstitial bone thickness, which is inversely related to the depth of resorbing cavities, was increased in the two groups treated with calcitonin (50 IU X 5 days every third week), indicating that calcitonin therapy partially inhibited the resorbing activity of osteoclasts. The combination of calcitonin and phosphate produced a reduction in bone resorption associated with a stimulation of bone matrix production. This effect resulted in a 22.1% increase in the thickness of the trabeculae and a 31.1% increase in trabecular bone volume. The data show that calcitonin combined with phosphate increased the trabecular bone volume in postmenopausal osteoporosis through reduction of bone resorption associated with stimulation of bone formation along the trabecular bone surface.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964494/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3964494
|
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] |
3,964,515 |
Effect of heat conservation during and after major abdominal surgery on muscle protein breakdown in elderly patients.
|
Carli F F, Itiaba K K
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 58, No. 5, 1986 May
|
Changes in mean body temperature and muscle protein metabolism were studied in elderly patients undergoing large bowel surgery. Two groups were studied: in one, efforts were made to maintain the patients normothermic during and after surgery by warming the fresh gases, the i.v. fluids, by placing warmed cotton padding around the exposed parts of the body and by covering the patients with a metallized plastic sheet in the recovery period. The other group received routine management. Otherwise the anaesthetic technique was comparable. The excretion of the amino acid 3-methylhistidine (3-MeH), an indicator of muscle protein breakdown, and urea nitrogen loss were measured in the urine collected the day before, and on the 2nd and 4th postoperative days. Prevention of heat loss during and after surgery caused a significant decrease in muscle protein degradation and nitrogen loss.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964515/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3964515
|
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] |
3,964,516 |
"Patient demand" postoperative analgesia with buprenorphine. Comparison between sublingual and i.m. administration.
|
Shah M V MV, Jones D I DI, Rosen M M
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 58, No. 5, 1986 May
|
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of buprenorphine was carried out in 20 patients after cholecystectomy. The drug was given on "patient demand" either i.m. (0.15 mg) or sublingually (0.2 mg) with a minimum dose interval of 30 min. Over the 24-h study period the mean demand by the sublingual route was 0.8 mg (range 0.6-1.2 mg) and by the i.m. route 0.66 mg (range 0.45-0.9 mg). Pain relief, by visual analogue scales and grading, was similar. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations varied more after sublingual administration. Either route was effective for the treatment of pain when administered by "patient demand".
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964516/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3964516
|
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3,964,534 |
The effect of vehicle on the oral absorption of cyclosporin.
|
Johnston A A, Marsden J T JT, Hla K K KK, Henry J A JA, Holt D W DW
|
British journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 21, No. 3, 1986 Mar
|
Twelve healthy volunteers received four separate doses of cyclosporin (5 mg kg-1). On three occasions the neat oil suspension (Sandimmun) was given dispersed in a different liquid vehicle and on one occasion the suspension was taken directly. Measurement of whole blood cyclosporin concentrations by radioimmunoassay showed no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of absorption between the neat preparation and the three dispersants used (milk, milk + chocolate flavouring and orange juice).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964534/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3964534
|
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] |
3,964,592 |
Effect of pre-appointment inquiries on dental patients' post-appointment ratings of pain.
|
Kent G G
|
The British journal of medical psychology . Vol. 59 ( Pt 1), 1986 Mar
|
In order to test the possibility that an investigator's inquiries about dental patients' anxiety and expectations of pain will enhance their subsequent discomfort, two groups of 51 patients were asked after their appointment about the amount of pain they had experienced, but only one group was interviewed beforehand. No difference between these groups was found.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964592/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3964592
|
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] |
3,964,710 |
Termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with a single oral dose of diltiazem and propranolol.
|
Yeh S J SJ, Lin F C FC, Chou Y Y YY, Hung J S JS, Wu D D
|
Circulation . Vol. 71, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
The efficacy of a single oral dose combination of 120 mg diltiazem and 160 mg propranolol in terminating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) was evaluated in 15 patients. All 15 patients underwent electrical induction of PSVT that lasted longer than 15 min, and all underwent randomized crossover placebo and diltiazem and propranolol studies on 2 consecutive days. On each day PSVT was induced and placebo or diltiazem and propranolol was administered 15 min later. Electrical conversion of PSVT was performed when severe symptoms occurred or at the end of 240 min. With placebo PSVT lasted 164 +/- 89 (mean +/- SD) min; four patients had spontaneous conversion. With diltiazem and propranolol PSVT lasted 39 +/- 49 min (p less than .001); 14 patients had spontaneous conversion in an average of 27 +/- 15 min. None of the 14 patients had electrical reinduction of sustained PSVT after conversion. The sinus nodal recovery time during spontaneous or electrical conversion of PSVT was 911 +/- 459 msec with placebo and 1076 +/- 270 msec with diltiazem and propranolol (NS). Two patients developed transient second-degree atrioventricular block and junctional rhythm while on diltiazem and propranolol. Serum diltiazem and propranolol levels (ng/ml) after diltiazem and propranolol in five patients were, respectively, 49 +/- 26 and 108 +/- 101 at 15 min, 232 +/- 147 and 228 +/- 148 at 30 min, 254 +/- 169 and 370 +/- 393 at 45 min, 280 +/- 115 and 209 +/- 189 at 60 min, 188 +/- 72 and 268 +/- 264 at 120 min, and 118 +/- 57 and 265 +/- 148 at 240 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964710/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3964710
|
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] |
3,964,713 |
Factors influencing probability of reperfusion with intracoronary ostial infusion of thrombolytic agent in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
|
Tendera M P MP, Campbell W B WB, Tennant S N SN, Ray W A WA
|
Circulation . Vol. 71, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
A multivariate logistic regression equation was used to evaluate variables related to successful intracoronary thrombolytic therapy. One hundred seventeen patients with a totally occluded infarct-related artery were randomly given ostial infusions of urokinase or streptokinase in a blinded study. The opening rate was 57%. The agent used and time from onset of symptoms to beginning of treatment did not significantly influence opening rate (p greater than .25). The site of occlusion was a strong predictor of opening rate (p = .0004). The anterior descending coronary artery was successfully opened more frequently than the left circumflex or right coronary artery (p = .012). Presence of collaterals adversely affected the recanalization rate in all groups (p = .0004). These variables had an additive effect on the probability of opening. Patients with proximal anterior descending occlusion and no collaterals had a 90% recanalization rate, while those with distal occlusions in vessels other than the anterior descending and with collaterals had only a 24% chance for reperfusion. Thus location of occlusion and presence or absence of collaterals may strongly influence opening rates.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964713/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3964713
|
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] |
3,964,987 |
Effects of intraindividual and interindividual variation in repeated dietary records.
|
Sempos C T CT, Johnson N E NE, Smith E L EL, Gilligan C C
|
American journal of epidemiology . Vol. 121, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
In this study 5,115 daily diet records were collected from 151 women on two randomly selected days per sampling month (29 days) over a two-year period. Yearly estimates of the ratios of intraindividual (sigma w2) and interindividual (sigma b2) variance components were calculated for dietary intake of 15 nutrients and for dietary intake + vitamin/mineral supplements. From one year to the next, corresponding ratios of sigma w2/sigma b2 were nearly identical. Intraindividual variation in dietary intake of all 15 nutrients was greater than interindividual variation (sigma w2/sigma b2 greater than 1). Variance component ratios for highly supplemented nutrients such as iron, vitamin C and B vitamins were less than one (sigma w2/sigma b2 less than 1). Using the ratios of sigma w2/sigma b2, it was calculated that between six and 99 repeated records measuring dietary intake and between two and 31 records measuring total intake may be needed per individual to ensure that the estimate of the population correlation (rho DF) between an individual's "usual" dietary intake or total intake of a dietary risk factor and an individual's mean or usual level of a physiologic risk factor was within 10% of the true population correlation coefficient (rho xy). It was also found that twice as many dietary records per individual were required to estimate the population slope (beta xy) within 10%. These results have serious implications for the design and analysis of prospective nutritional studies.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3964987/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3964987
|
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] |
3,965,001 |
Comparison of the morbidity of tetanus toxoid boosters with tetanus-diphtheria toxoid boosters.
|
Macko M B MB, Powell C E CE
|
Annals of emergency medicine . Vol. 14, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
A double-blind randomized trial was performed to compare the subjective morbidity of tetanus toxoid (T) with that of tetanus-diphtheria toxoid (Td). Symptoms occurred in 46 (48%) of 93 patients who received T, and in 75 of 100 patients who received Td (chi 2 = 12.3; P less than .001). The effectiveness of immunization is clear, but with shift from use of T to Td as recommended, adherence to immunization guidelines and taking of adequate immunization histories becomes even more important.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965001/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3965001
|
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] |
3,965,024 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and diabetic retinopathy.
|
Howard-Williams J J, Patel P P, Jelfs R R, Carter R D RD, Awdry P P, Bron A A, Mann J I JI, Hockaday T D TD
|
The British journal of ophthalmology . Vol. 69, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
One hundred and forty nine diabetic patients were ophthalmologically assessed seven years after randomisation to a low carbohydrate or modified fat diet (rich in linoleic acid). Glycaemic control, regardless of the type of diet, was a major determinant of the development of retinopathy. Poorly controlled patients (haemoglobin A1c greater than 8%) with low levels of linoleic acid in cholesterol ester had a significantly greater frequency of retinopathy than well controlled patients or patients with similarly unsatisfactory control but higher levels of linoleic acid. The findings support an earlier suggestion that linoleic acid might protect against diabetic retinopathy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965024/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3965024
|
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] |
3,965,236 |
Kinetics of intravenous and oral pentoxifylline in healthy subjects.
|
Beermann B B, Ings R R, Månsby J J, Chamberlain J J, McDonald A A
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 37, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
The kinetics of a sustained-release formulation of pentoxifylline were compared with those of a capsule and an intravenous infusion. Ten healthy subjects received each of the oral pentoxifylline formulations (400 mg) three times a day for 9 days in a random crossover fashion. Pentoxifylline (200 mg) was also given intravenously on a separate day. After intravenous pentoxifylline, plasma levels declined in a biphasic manner, with a terminal t1/2 of 1.63 +/- 0.8 hr. Plasma clearance was 1333 +/- 481 ml/min and the volume of distribution was 168 +/- 82.3 l. Cumulation of pentoxifylline in plasma after repeated dosing was minimal. Plasma levels of the active 5-hydroxylated metabolite were generally higher than those of the parent drug after both routes of administration. Urinary excretion of two acid metabolites after oral and intravenous dosing indicated almost complete absorption of drug-related substances from both of the oral formulations, although bioavailability averaged 20% to 30%.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965236/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3965236
|
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] |
3,965,269 |
Acute and chronic effects of domperidone on gastric emptying in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
|
Horowitz M M, Harding P E PE, Chatterton B E BE, Collins P J PJ, Shearman D J DJ
|
Digestive diseases and sciences . Vol. 30, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Gastric emptying was studied with a double radioisotopic method in 12 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by autonomic neuropathy and in 22 control subjects. In the diabetics, the acute and chronic effects of oral domperidone on gastric emptying, symptoms of gastroparesis, and glycemic control were assessed. Gastric emptying of solid and liquid was slower in diabetics than controls (P less than 0.001). Acute administration of domperidone increased the rate of both solid and liquid emptying (P less than 0.005). Domperidone was most effective in those patients with the greatest delay in gastric emptying. After chronic administration (35-51 days), domperidone had no significant effect on solid emptying (P greater than 0.05), but was still effective in increasing liquid emptying (P less than 0.025). Symptoms of gastroparesis were less after domperidone (P less than 0.001).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965269/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3965269
|
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] |
3,965,335 |
Cardiopulmonary risk of esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Role of endoscope diameter and systemic sedation.
|
Lieberman D A DA, Wuerker C K CK, Katon R M RM
|
Gastroenterology . Vol. 88, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
The impact of endoscope diameter and the presence of systemic sedation on the cardiopulmonary risk of esophagogastroduodenoscopy was investigated. One hundred and forty-six patients undergoing elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy were randomly assigned to one of three groups which differed in either endoscope diameter or use of sedation: group 1 (8.5-mm endoscope with no sedation), group 2 (8.5-mm endoscope with diazepam), and group 3 (11.5-mm endoscope with diazepam). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was tolerated best by group 2, and this group had the fewest electrocardiographic changes observed on a Holter recording during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The incidence of electrocardiographic changes during esophagogastroduodenoscopy correlated with patient tolerance (p less than 0.001) and the use of the smaller endoscope (p less than 0.05). The most common arrhythmia was sinus tachycardia (49 patients), but more serious electrocardiographic changes were observed in 21 patients. Serious arrhythmias were more common in patients with a prior history of cardiovascular disease compared with patients with no such history (30% vs. 6%, p less than 0.001). Arterial oxygen desaturation (measured by ear oximetry) during intubation and esophagogastroduodenoscopy was usually modest (2%-5%). However, 16 patients receiving diazepam experienced high levels of desaturation exceeding 7%; this small group of patients also experienced more electrocardiographic changes than other patients. The use of diazepam sedation and an 8.5-mm endoscope may offer the safest and most comfortable combination for most patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Diazepam sedation, however, may represent a potential danger to a small number of patients with marginal baseline arterial saturation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965335/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3965335
|
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] |
3,965,336 |
Efficacy of bicozamycin in preventing traveler's diarrhea.
|
Ericsson C D CD, DuPont H L HL, Galindo E E, Mathewson J J JJ, Morgan D R DR, Wood L V LV, Mendiola J J
|
Gastroenterology . Vol. 88, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Bicozamycin was compared with a placebo in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of the prevention of acute diarrhea among 30 American travelers newly arrived in Guadalajara, Mexico. None of the 11 subjects given bicozamycin orally for 3 wk at a dosage of 500 mg four times a day developed diarrhea as compared with an incidence of 53% diarrhea (10 of 19 subjects) in the placebo group (p = 0.003). Bicozamycin was well tolerated. Studies of changes in predominant aerobic fecal flora among the 11 subjects treated with bicozamycin showed the appearance of only one highly resistant Citrobacter freundii at the end of 1 wk of therapy and only a total of six resistant isolates at the end of 3 wk. All resistant isolates failed to transfer this resistance to a recipient Escherichia coli. Bicozamycin seems to be well suited and safe as a prophylactic agent against traveler's diarrhea.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965336/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3965336
|
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] |
3,965,341 |
Vitamin A therapy in patients with Crohn's disease.
|
Wright J P JP, Mee A S AS, Parfitt A A, Marks I N IN, Burns D G DG, Sherman M M, Tigler-Wybrandi N N, Isaacs S S
|
Gastroenterology . Vol. 88, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Vitamin A therapy has been claimed in isolated reports to be of benefit to patients with Crohn's disease. To investigate this further, 86 patients were entered into a long-term double-blind study of vitamin A, 50,000 U twice daily, as compared with placebo. After a mean of 14.1 mo of treatment there was no significant difference between the groups as measured by a variety of activity indices (including the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Activity Index), the number of acute attacks, and the surgical rate. No toxic effects of vitamin A were observed during the study. In this study vitamin A has not been shown to be of benefit to patients with Crohn's disease who are in remission.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965341/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3965341
|
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] |
3,965,343 |
Golytely lavage versus a standard colonoscopy preparation. Effect on normal colonic mucosal histology.
|
Pockros P J PJ, Foroozan P P
|
Gastroenterology . Vol. 88, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
We prospectively studied the changes of colonic mucosa in patients receiving two different preparations for colonoscopic examination. Eighteen consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy for polyps or mass lesions, properly age- and sex-matched, were randomized to receive Golytely lavage (3-4 L) or a standard preparation (48-h clear liquid diet, 240 ml of magnesium citrate and "X-Prep" senna derivative). Patients with diarrhea or inflammatory bowel disease, or both, were excluded. Biopsy specimens were obtained from normal-appearing mucosa of the right and left side of the colon (none in the distal 10 cm of rectum). Blind review of coded slides was performed with 0-3 scoring for artifact, edema and hemorrhage of the lamina propria, surface epithelial and goblet cells, crypts, and cells in the lamina propria including eosinophils and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Statistically significant differences were found for preservation of surface epithelial and goblet cells and less edema in favor of patients receiving Golytely. We conclude that the standard form of colon preparation flattens the surface epithelial cells and depletes the goblet cells as well as causes an increase in lamina propria edema, whereas colon lavage preserves normal mucosal histology.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965343/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3965343
|
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] |
3,965,373 |
Chemoprevention of cervix cancer: Phase I-II: A feasibility study involving the topical vaginal administration of retinyl acetate gel.
|
Romney S L SL, Dwyer A A, Slagle S S, Duttagupta C C, Palan P R PR, Basu J J, Calderin S S, Kadish A A
|
Gynecologic oncology . Vol. 20, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
A Phase I-II clinical trial has been conducted with a retinyl acetate (RA) gel applied cervicovaginally in women having a histopathologic lesion diagnosed as mild or moderate dysplasia. With informed consent, volunteer subjects were observed and followed with Pap smears and colposcopy in a standardized protocol involving a self-administered 7-day treatment course for three successive menstrual cycles. Varying dosages of RA including placebo, 3, 6, 9, and 18 mg per 6 g of an inert vehicle were employed. A total of 50 subjects were monitored for local and systemic side effects. No intolerable side effects or disturbing toxicity was reported or detected at any of these doses. With the 18-mg dosage, significant discomfort was reported by all women. Despite associated side effects and a considerable patient effort involved in carrying out the self-administration of the gel, a high level of compliance was achieved in this trial. It has been established that women will voluntarily participate in an intervention clinical trial to determine whether retinyl acetate is an alternative method of therapy of presumed precancerous lesions of the cervix. The analysis of the side effects of the gel at the various dosage concentrations favors the selection of the 9-mg dosage for a multicenter Phase III clinical trial to determine efficacy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965373/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3965373
|
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] |
3,965,692 |
Acute effects of marihuana smoking on prolactin levels in human females.
|
Mendelson J H JH, Mello N K NK, Ellingboe J J
|
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics . Vol. 232, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Plasma prolactin levels were determined in 16 healthy adult females before and after marihuana cigarette (1.83% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and placebo cigarette smoking. All subjects served as their own controls in double blind studies which were carried out on a residential research ward facility. Eight women were studied during the follicular phase and eight women were studied during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Marihuana smoking did not produce any significant changes in plasma prolactin levels during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. However, plasma prolactin levels were significantly lower at 60 to 120 min (P less than .01) and 150 to 180 min (P less than .05) after marihuana smoking during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Marihuana-induced suppression of plasma prolactin levels occurs in women but has not been observed in studies with human males.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965692/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3965692
|
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0.13050171732902527
] |
3,965,820 |
Efficacy of crystalloid cardioplegic solutions in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. Effect of infusion route and regional wall motion on preservation of adenine nucleotide stores.
|
Silverman N A NA, Wright R R, Levitsky S S, Schmitt G G, Feinberg H H
|
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery . Vol. 89, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
The effect of varying the mode of cardioplegic delivery and the presence of regional wall motion abnormalities on myocardial protection by crystalloid cardioplegic solutions was assessed in 68 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Serial transmural biopsy specimens from the left ventricular apex were assayed for adenosine triphosphate. All patients had more than 75% stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. They were prospectively randomized into Groups I and II to receive (I) all cardioplegic solution infused via the aortic root or (II) reinfusions of cardioplegic solution given both centrally and through the completed distal left anterior descending anastomosis. Patients were also stratified as to the presence of normal (N) or impaired (Ab) apicoanterior regional wall motion. Inadequate delivery of cardioplegia during ischemia in Group I was manifested by a 41% (p less than 0.01) depletion of adenosine triphosphate stores in abnormally contracting myocardium distal to the left anterior descending stenosis that was not repleted after restoration of coronary flow and a 27% (p less than 0.05) decline in ATP stores during reperfusion in myocardium with normal preoperative wall motion. In contrast, nucleotide stores were preserved at preischemic levels throughout ischemia and reperfusion in Group II regardless of preoperative wall motion. Preservation of ATP did not correlate with duration of ischemia, highest recorded septal temperature, or volume of cardioplegic solution infused. Two patients in each group had a new perioperative infarction. However, 38% of patients in Group IAb required transient inotropic support versus 5% in Group IIAb (p less than 0.05). These data emphasize that reinfusion of cardioplegic solutions distal to coronary obstructions is mandatory for optimal myocardial protection during coronary revascularization.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3965820/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3965820
|
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] |
3,966,331 |
Hemodynamic effects of intravenous flecainide relative to the level of ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease.
|
Josephson M A MA, Kaul S S, Hopkins J J, Kvam D D, Singh B N BN
|
American heart journal . Vol. 109, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Flecainide, a new antiarrhythmic agent with poorly defined hemodynamic actions, was studied in 22 patients with coronary artery disease. Intravenous infusions of 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg resulted in respective increases in right atrial pressure (12%, p less than 0.05; 15%, p less than 0.01), mean pulmonary artery pressure (27%, p less than 0.01; 28%, p less than 0.01), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (44%, p less than 0.05; 33%, p less than 0.01). Cardiac index decreased 8% (p less than 0.05) after 1 mg/kg flecainide and 12% (p less than 0.05) after the 2 mg/kg dose. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction decreased by 15% (p less than 0.01) and 16% (p less than 0.01), respectively, 10 minutes after 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg of flecainide. Minimal increases in the heart rate (less than 5%) and no significant change in arterial pressure occurred 5 to 10 minutes after flecainide and were associated with borderline and variable increases in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances. Flecainide diluent did not induce changes in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or left ventricular ejection fraction. Thus, flecainide exerts a moderate but significant negative inotropic effect which may be clinically significant in patients with severely compromised ventricular function.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966331/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
3966331
|
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] |
3,966,330 |
Long-term lorcainide therapy in patients with ventricular tachycardia.
|
Somberg J J, Butler B B, Flowers D D, Keefe D D, Torres V V, Miura D D
|
American heart journal . Vol. 109, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
One hundred patients inducible at electrophysiologic studies underwent serial drug testing with procainamide, lidocaine, and lorcainide to determine comparative efficacy. Acute intravenous administration was followed by repeat programmed electrical stimulation (PES) studies on separate days for each antiarrhythmic drug. Lorcainide prevented ventricular tachycardia (VT) induction in 69% of the 100 patients studied, procainamide was effective in 50% of the 75 patients studied, and lidocaine prevented VT induction in 30% of 53 patients. Following PES and serial drug testing, 46 patients were started on lorcainide, nine patients on procainamide, and 45 patients were started on other antiarrhythmic drug regimens. Seventy percent of the patients have remained on lorcainide therapy, while 47% have continued on other drug therapies started over a 20.5 +/- 3.2-month mean follow-up period. Despite sleep-wake disturbances and a need for sedation at night, lorcainide therapy was tolerated well in this population and remained an effective antiarrhythmic with prolonged administration.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966330/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3966330
|
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3,966,338 |
Myocardial catecholamine balance during angina: effects of calcium entry blockers, verapamil and nifedipine.
|
Rouleau J L JL, Chatterjee K K, Parmley W W WW, Kramer P P, Swedberg K K, Curran D D, Namekawa M M
|
American heart journal . Vol. 109, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
To evaluate the effects of calcium entry blocking agents on cardiac sympathetic tone during angina pectoris, arterial and coronary sinus (CS) norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations and CS blood flow were determined at rest and during pacing-induced angina, both before and after verapamil in nine patients and after nifedipine in nine patients, all of whom had fixed obstructive coronary artery disease. Resting arterial NE and E concentrations and myocardial NE release and E uptake remained unchanged during angina before verapamil and nifedipine, suggesting unaltered systemic and cardiac sympathetic tone and myocardial E handling. Following verapamil and nifedipine, arterial NE and E concentrations remained unchanged. After verapamil, net myocardial NE release increased from 16,072 +/- 18,881 to 35,520 +/- 30,595 at preverapamil angina rate (p less than 0.01) and to 39,643 +/- 29,728 pg/min at postverapamil angina rate (p less than 0.01). NE release after nifedipine increased from -4207 +/- 8898 to 10,988 +/- 30,711 (p less than 0.05) at prenifedipine angina rate and to 19,942 +/- 26,644 pg/min (p less than 0.05) at postnifedipine angina rate. NE release was independent of changes in CS flow after verapamil or nifedipine. E uptake after verapamil and nifedipine remained unchanged. Although the precise mechanism is not known, myocardial alpha-adrenergic receptor blockage with verapamil and nifedipine remains a possible explanation for increased myocardial NE release.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966338/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3966338
|
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] |
3,966,411 |
The substitution of sucrose polyester for dietary fat in obese, hypercholesterolemic outpatients.
|
Mellies M J MJ, Vitale C C, Jandacek R J RJ, Lamkin G E GE, Glueck C J CJ
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 41, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Our aim was to determine the effects of the substitution of sucrose polyester (SPE) for dietary fat in a 16-week outpatient study in 36 obese subjects with primary hypercholesterolemia. The subjects were randomized into three groups who followed a 16-week treatment period where all subjects received hypocaloric diets which provided approximately 7 kcal/lb body weight, a polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) fat ratio of 0.9, and 180 mg cholesterol/day. The percentages of calories as fat in the 3 groups were as follows: a low fat diet group (n = 12) received 27% of dietary calories as fat, a low fat plus SPE group (n = 13) received 25% of calories as fat plus 27 g SPE/day as a bread spread and salad dressing, and a third group (placebo, n = 11) received 37% of calories as fat with a 27 g/day conventional fat placebo (bread spread and salad dressing). Mean weight loss from baseline in the 16 week treatment period was 2.6, 3.9, and 3.4% respectively in the placebo, diet, and SPE groups, p less than .05 for each group, without significant differences between the groups. There was a mean reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of 16% in the SPE group (p less than .05), more than twice the reductions in the placebo and diet groups, 5% and 6%, respectively. There was a mean 20% reduction in the SPE group in triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p less than .05), compared to 7 and 10% reductions in the placebo and diet groups respectively. The degree of weight loss was correlated with the degree of reduction in LDL-C in the low fat diet group, and in the low fat diet group plus SPE (r = 0.59 for both groups). Without confounding by different levels of dietary cholesterol or P/S, SPE induced significant reductions in LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic obese subjects beyond the effects of weight loss alone. The effects of SPE were significantly greater than those achieved by the use of a diet which severely limited conventional dietary fat intake (to 40 g/day). SPE in the form of a bread spread and a salad dressing is a practical formulation for outpatient hypocholesterolemic low fat diets and provides the lubricity and organoleptic benefits of authentic foods without the dense caloric content of digestible fats.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966411/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3966411
|
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] |
3,966,421 |
Effects of different levels of vitamin B-6 supplementation on vitamin B-6 concentrations in human milk and vitamin B-6 intakes of breastfed infants.
|
Styslinger L L, Kirksey A A
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 41, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Vitamin B-6 has been reported to vary in concentration in human milk in response to changes in maternal intake of the vitamin. This study examined the effects of such changes on the breastfed infants' intake of vitamin B-6. Lactating mothers received 0, 2.5, 10.0 or 20.0 mg pyridoxine X HCl (PN X HCl) for 3 consecutive days in addition to dietary sources. Dietary intakes of vitamin B-6 (mean = 1.8 +/- 0.2 mg/day) were similar among the four groups. Vitamin B-6 was determined in milk samples from each feeding and milk intakes of infants were estimated by test-weighing. Nonsupplemented mothers had lower vitamin B-6 in their milk (93 +/- 8 micrograms/L) and vitamin B-6 intake of their infants was lower (0.06 +/- 0.01 mg/day) compared to other groups. Maternal supplementation with 2.5, 10.0 or 20.0 mg PN X HCl was paralleled by vitamin B-6 levels in milk of 192 +/- 16, 247 +/- 25 and 413 +/- 45 micrograms/L, respectively, and by vitamin B-6 intakes of breastfed infants of 0.12 +/- 0.02, 0.22 +/- 0.02 and 0.28 +/- 0.03 mg/day, respectively. When maternal intakes of vitamin B-6 approximated 20.0 mg/day, breastfed infants were unlikely to receive the current RDA of 0.3 mg vitamin B-6/day.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966421/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
3966421
|
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] |
3,966,424 |
Zinc and acute tropical ulcers in Gambian children and adolescents.
|
Watkinson M M, Aggett P J PJ, Cole T J TJ
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 41, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
28 Gambian children and adolescents with acute tropical leg ulcers entered a double blind trial of oral zinc supplements as an adjunct to standard treatment. Analysis of the area healing of the ulcers resulted in a mathematical expression which showed that for each subject re-epithelialization reduced the ulcer radius at a constant healing rate (k). k was derived from the equation At = pi X (r - k X t)2, where At = residual ulcer area at time "t", r = initial ulcer radius and t = time from start of treatment. In the zinc treated group k was 0.55 +/- 0.39 mm/day, and 0.51 +/- 0.25 mm/day in the placebo group. The initial low plasma zinc of 6.5 +/- 1.9 mumol/L in the ulcerated subjects was not significantly lower than that of 7.5 +/- 3.6 mumol/L in the nonulcerated controls. Oral zinc supplements significantly elevated plasma zinc concentrations by 5.8 +/- 4.8 mumol/L compared to the placebo group's change of 0.4 +/- 2.0 mumol/L (p less than 0.001). Plasma alkaline phosphatase activities and fatty acid profiles did not change with zinc supplementation. Thus unequivocal clinical and biochemical evidence of zinc deficiency in these ulcerated subjects was not established, despite changes in plasma zinc. This study does not indicate any role for zinc supplementation in the management of acute tropical ulcers.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966424/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3966424
|
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] |
3,966,504 |
Management of preterm prematurely ruptured membranes: a prospective randomized comparison of observation versus use of steroids and timed delivery.
|
Iams J D JD, Talbert M L ML, Barrows H H, Sachs L L
|
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology . Vol. 151, No. 1, 1985 Jan 01
|
The use of hydrocortisone and timed delivery was compared to expectant management of pregnancies complicated by preterm prematurely ruptured membranes in a prospective randomized trial of 73 patients. The incidence of maternal and neonatal complications was compared. There was no significant difference in the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. Steroid-treated mothers had an increased incidence of postpartum febrile morbidity. We conclude that treatment of women with preterm prematurely ruptured membranes with hydrocortisone and timed delivery offers no advantage over expectant management.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966504/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3966504
|
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] |
3,966,507 |
Antepartum fetal heart rate testing. XII. The effect of manual manipulation of the fetus on the nonstress test.
|
Druzin M L ML, Gratacos J J, Paul R H RH, Broussard P P, McCart D D, Smith M M
|
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology . Vol. 151, No. 1, 1985 Jan 01
|
A prospective study of 790 patients was performed in order to examine the role of manual manipulation of the fetus in the nonstress test. The patients were assigned randomly to two groups based on the last two digits of their hospital number. The odd-numbered patients underwent manual manipulation of the fetus prior to the onset of the nonstress test; the even-numbered patients did not. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the indications for testing and the total number of tests. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to the ratio of reactive to nonreactive nonstress tests and the mean duration of testing. Simple manual manipulation of the fetus does not seem to change the outcome in antepartum fetal heart rate testing when the nonstress test is the primary one.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966507/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3966507
|
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] |
3,966,617 |
A randomized controlled study of a home health care team.
|
Zimmer J G JG, Groth-Juncker A A, McCusker J J
|
American journal of public health . Vol. 75, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
This report describes the findings of a randomized study of a new team approach to home care for homebound chronically or terminally ill elderly. The team includes a physician, nurse practitioner, and social worker delivering primary health care in the patient's home, including physician house calls. Weekly team conferences assure coordination of patient care. The team is available for emergency consultation through a 24-hour telephone service. The team physician attends to the patient during necessary hospitalizations. This approach was evaluated in a randomized experimental design study measuring its impact on health care utilization, functional changes in patients, and patient and caretaker satisfaction. The team patients had fewer hospitalizations, nursing home admissions, and outpatient visits than the controls. They were more often able to die at home, if this was their wish. As expected, they used more in-home services, measured in weighted cost figures; their overall cost was lower than their controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. Their functional abilities did not change differently from the controls, but they, and especially their informal caretakers in the home, expressed significantly higher satisfaction with the care received.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966617/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3966617
|
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] |
3,966,649 |
Sodium citrate pretreatment in elective cesarean section patients.
|
Dewan D M DM, Floyd H M HM, Thistlewood J M JM, Bogard T D TD, Spielman F J FJ
|
Anesthesia and analgesia . Vol. 64, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Thirty-two healthy term parturients undergoing elective cesarean section randomly received either no antacid (n = 10), 30 ml of 0.3 molar sodium citrate less than 60 min preoperatively (n = 11), or 30 ml of 0.3 molar sodium citrate longer than 60 min preoperatively (n = 11). Immediately after delivery, the stomach was emptied as completely as possible through a #18 Salem Sump tube passed orally. Mean gastric pH in the three groups was 1.8 +/- 2.7 (SD), 5.0 +/- 1.5, and 2.7 +/- 1.2, respectively. Gastric pH was significantly higher in the short interval group than in either the control group or in patients receiving their sodium citrate more than 60 min in advance. Gastric volumes were similar. All control patients had a gastric pH less than 2.5. Nine percent of patients receiving sodium citrate less than 60 min in advance and 50% of patients receiving their sodium citrate longer than 60 min in advance had a pH of less than 2.5. Volumes exceeding 25 ml occurred with equal frequency. No patient in the short interval group had a combination of both pH of less than 2.5 and a volume exceeding 25 ml. This combination occurred with equal frequency in control patients (64%) and in those patients receiving their sodium citrate more than 60 min in advance (50%). We conclude that sodium citrate effectively increases gastric pH when given less than 60 min prior to the induction of anesthesia.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966649/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3966649
|
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0.41482850909233093,
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0.04246256873011589,
0.3686944842338562,
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0.2194364368915558
] |
3,966,664 |
Increased hepatic microsomal enzyme activity after surgery under halothane or spinal anesthesia.
|
Loft S S, Boel J J, Kyst A A, Rasmussen B B, Hansen S H SH, Døssing M M
|
Anesthesiology . Vol. 62, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Thirty-two fit patients scheduled for explorative arthrotomy of the knee were allocated randomly to either halothane/oxygen anesthesia or spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine 0.25 mg X kg-1. The day before and 1, 10, and 21 days after surgery, the aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was performed. The day before and 5, 10, and 21 days after surgery, the antipyrine clearance (APcl) was measured by the single sample saliva technique. The ABT as well as the APcl were increased significantly postoperatively (P less than 0.01). The day after surgery the ABT was increased by 13 +/- 21% in the spinal anesthesia group only, whereas a late increase by 14 +/- 31% was found in the halothane group. Five days after surgery, the APcl was increased by 36 +/- 45% in the spinal anesthesia group and by 21 +/- 28% in the halothane group. Both tests returned to base line values within 3 weeks postoperatively. In five volunteers following the same sampling scheme but receiving bupivacaine 0.25 mg X kg-1 im without surgery, no change in the ABT or the APcl was observed. The authors conclude that surgery may cause microsomal enzyme induction regardless of the anesthetic agent or technique used. The mechanism of this induction remains to be elucidated.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966664/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3966664
|
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3,966,685 |
The effect of an aerosolized antihistamine, chlorpheniramine maleate, on exercise-induced bronchospasm.
|
Schachter E N EN, Rubin M M
|
Annals of allergy . Vol. 54, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
We studied the effect on airway function of chlorpheniramine maleate (C), an H1 antagonist, delivered as an aerosol to 12 asthmatic subjects, 40 minutes before submaximal exercise. The study consisted of three protocol days. A first day established that the asthmatic subjects had exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). On the remaining two protocol days, 10 mg of C or a saline placebo (P) were administered by aerosol nebulizer in a double-blind randomized fashion over a 5-minute period. Pulmonary function was measured immediately after the aerosol inhalation as well as 10 and 30 minutes later. A 5-7-minute period of exercise was then performed by each subject on a cycloergometer, and lung function was again measured immediately and 5 minutes after exercise. Thirty minutes after the inhalation of C there was a significant increase in lung function parameters (1.80 +/- 0.23 to 2.32 +/- 0.34/sec for MEF40%(P); Mean +/- 1 SE, P less than .05) but not for placebo. MEF40%(P) remained significantly higher on the C day than on the P day following exercise; however, this difference was no greater than the difference seen immediately before exercise. We suggest that C promotes mild bronchodilation of asthmatic airways, and that this effect in EIB may be interpreted as the result of an alteration of baseline airway caliber.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966685/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3966685
|
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] |
3,966,709 |
Sustained-release theophylline reduces dyspnea in nonreversible obstructive airway disease.
|
Mahler D A DA, Matthay R A RA, Snyder P E PE, Wells C K CK, Loke J J
|
The American review of respiratory disease . Vol. 131, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Although orally administered theophylline has been prescribed widely in patients with nonreversible airway obstruction, symptomatic benefit has not been established. To assess the effects of orally administered theophylline on dyspnea, we performed a randomized, double-bind, crossover, placebo-theophylline clinical trial in 12 ambulatory male patients with moderate to severe nonreversible airway obstruction. Dyspnea was rated using 2 clinical indexes based on 3 components affecting breathlessness: functional impairment, magnitude of task that evokes dyspnea, and the associated magnitude of effort. Dyspnea and physiologic parameters were measured on 4 occasions: at baseline, 4 wk after initial treatment, a second baseline after a 2-wk washout period, and 4 wk after the second medication. For the 12 patients, mean age (+/- SD) was 60 +/- 7 yr, forced expiratory volume in one second was 1.36 +/- 0.67 L (mean, 40% of predicted), and arterial oxygen tension was 71 +/- 10 mmHg. During the treatment phase, all patients had a therapeutic theophylline blood level (range, 12 to 19 micrograms/ml). Theophylline significantly decreased the components of functional impairment (p = 0.02) and magnitude of task (p = 0.02) relating to dyspnea, as well as the overall dyspnea rating (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between placebo and theophylline therapy for spirometry, arterial blood gas tensions, and the 12-min walking distance. Thus, sustained-release theophylline significantly reduced dyspnea in these ambulatory patients with moderate to severe nonreversible airway obstruction without altering lung function, gas exchange, or exercise performance.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966709/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
3966709
|
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] |
3,966,742 |
Hemodynamic response to oxygen therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
|
Timms R M RM, Khaja F U FU, Williams G W GW
|
Annals of internal medicine . Vol. 102, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
At six centers, 203 patients with stabilized hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were evaluated hemodynamically during a continuous or 12-hour oxygen therapy program. Neither oxygen therapy program resulted in correction or near-correction of the baseline hemodynamic abnormalities. The continuous oxygen therapy group did show improvement in pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary arterial pressure, and stroke volume index. The improvement in pulmonary vascular resistance was associated with improved cardiac function, as evidenced by an increase in baseline and exercise stroke volume index. The nocturnal oxygen therapy group showed stable hemodynamic variables. For both groups, changes in mean pulmonary artery pressure during the first 6 months were associated with subsequent survival after adjustment for association with the baseline mean pulmonary artery pressure. Continuous oxygen therapy can improve the hemodynamic abnormalities of patients with hypoxic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The hemodynamic response to this treatment is predictive of survival.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966742/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3966742
|
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] |
3,966,746 |
Amplitude of ventricular fibrillation waveform and outcome after cardiac arrest.
|
Weaver W D WD, Cobb L A LA, Dennis D D, Ray R R, Hallstrom A P AP, Copass M K MK
|
Annals of internal medicine . Vol. 102, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
The amplitude of ventricular fibrillation found initially in 394 patients was compared to clinical and logistical findings at the time of cardiac arrest. Peak-to-peak amplitude averaged 0.55 +/- 0.25 mV; a very low amplitude (0.2 mV or less) or "fine" fibrillation was present in 66 patients (17%). The amplitude was not found to be related to clinical histories, but depended on the length of the period from collapse until start of basic life support (p = 0.004) and the delay until assessment by paramedics (p = 0.001). Survival rates were strongly associated with amplitude: only 4 patients (6%) with fine ventricular fibrillation survived, compared to 117 or 328 patients (36%) in whom the initial amplitude was higher (p less than 0.001). Patient outcome related to amplitude even after adjusting for clinical history and logistical delays (p less than 0.005). We conclude that fine ventricular fibrillation is in part the result of delay in initiation of treatment, and that fibrillation amplitude is a powerful indicator of outcome after cardiac arrest.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966746/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3966746
|
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] |
3,966,831 |
Clinical risk factors for prolonged PT/PTT in abdominal sepsis patients treated with moxalactam or tobramycin plus clindamycin.
|
Baxter J G JG, Marble D A DA, Whitfield L R LR, Wels P B PB, Walczak P P, Schentag J J JJ
|
Annals of surgery . Vol. 201, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Factors associated with prolongation of the prothrombin time were analyzed in 94 patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. Patients were randomized prospectively to receive either the combination of tobramycin and clindamycin (TM/C) or moxalactam (MOX). This paper presents a retrospective review designed to compare the frequency of prolonged clotting times and to analyze predisposing factors. Prothrombin time (PT) prolongation occurred more frequently in patients given moxalactam (19 of 47 patients) than in patients given the combination of tobramycin and clindamycin (9 of 47 patients) (p less than 0.05). Prolongation of the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) occurred in all patients with a prolonged PT. Liver disease, upper gastrointestinal surgery, and use of cimetidine were more frequent in those patients with abnormal PT/PTT values (p less than 0.05). Two moxalactam-treated patients with subsequent PT/PTT prolongation had individual clotting factors assayed before moxalactam treatment and at the time of detection of the abnormal PT. The activity of clotting factors II, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XII was reduced during MOX therapy. Treatment with vitamin K reversed the abnormality. In view of underlying abnormalities and rapid response to parenteral vitamin K, the mechanism is probably an acute vitamin K deficiency superimposed upon chronic vitamin K deficiency. In patients with intra-abdominal infection, those treated with MOX are more likely to develop abnormal PT than those treated with TM/C. Since abnormal PT/PTT was common even in TM/C patients, supplemental vitamin K should be considered for all seriously ill, older patients with abdominal infections.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966831/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3966831
|
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] |
3,966,851 |
Parental affective style and the treatment of schizophrenia. Predicting course of illness and social functioning.
|
Doane J A JA, Falloon I R IR, Goldstein M J MJ, Mintz J J
|
Archives of general psychiatry . Vol. 42, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
In a randomized controlled study, the affective style (AS) of parents of schizophrenics in clinic-based individual treatment groups and home-based family treatment groups was compared prior to treatment and again three months after treatment had begun. Affective style is an index reflecting the quality of the family emotional climate, measured from face-to-face discussion. Pretherapy and posttherapy measures of negative AS were significantly predictive of relapse within the nine-month treatment period for patients in individual treatment. In addition, for both treatment groups, a negative AS pattern at the posttherapy reassessment was significantly associated with decreased patient social functioning, reduced ability of the family to absorb the family intervention, and lower capacity of the family to cope with everyday family stresses. The results suggest that AS is an important intrafamilial attribute, with implications for treatment strategy and planning.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966851/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3966851
|
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] |
3,966,997 |
A randomised prospective study on treatment of central retinal vein occlusion by isovolaemic haemodilution and photocoagulation.
|
Hansen L L LL, Danisevskis P P, Arntz H R HR, Hövener G G, Wiederholt M M
|
The British journal of ophthalmology . Vol. 69, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Thirty eight patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion were evaluated for the effect of isovolaemic haemodilution. They were allocated at random to a haemodilution group (19 patients, panretinal photocoagulation and isovolaemic haemodilution) and a control group (19 patients, panretinal photocoagulation). Haematocrit was lowered in steps to 30 to 35% in the haemodilution group by repeated exchanges of whole blood for plasma and dextran (MW 40 000) and kept at this level for a period of six weeks. The haemodilution did not lead to serious complications. Three months after starting the treatment eight of 19 patients with haemodilution showed a better visual acuity, whereas only one of 19 control patients had improved. Seven of 17 patients with haemodilution, but only one of 17 control patients, retained a better visual acuity after one year. In the haemodilution group there were fewer patients with macular fibrosis and more with only minor foveal changes. The haemodilution seems to be more effective in patients with ischaemic than with non-ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion. It is concluded that isovolaemic haemodilution improves the visual outcome of patients with central retinal vein occlusion, probably mediated by enhanced retinal blood flow.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3966997/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3966997
|
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] |
3,967,053 |
Effects of different ways of covering the eyes on behavior of jaundiced infants treated with phototherapy.
|
Paludetto R R, Mansi G G, Rinaldi P P, Saporito M M, De Curtis M M, Ciccimarra F F
|
Biology of the neonate . Vol. 47, No. 1, 1985
|
This study was performed to determine whether covering the eyes with an opaque screen over the head end of the bassinet instead of the normal patch would improve the behavioral organization of jaundiced, but otherwise healthy, term infants treated with phototherapy. 38 matched infants were randomly assigned to have a patch or a screen. Serum bilirubin at the time of observation was 11.2-17.5 mg/100 ml (mean = 13.7, patch) and 9.4-16.4 mg/100 ml (mean = 13.4, screen). 19 infants, of whom 11 were jaundiced (6.2-14.3 mg/100 ml, mean = 10.3), served as control subjects. The infants were examined with the Brazelton scale on the 3rd day after birth, when the patch subjects had been under blue light from 6 to 45 h (mean = 23.9), and the screen subjects from 6 to 61.5 h (mean = 22.6). The control subjects scored better (all differences, p less than 0.05) than the patch subjects on inanimate visual, animate visual, visual and auditory, alertness. The control subjects also did better than the screen subjects on inanimate visual, animate visual, animate auditory, visual and auditory, alertness, but poorer on motor maturity and consolability. The screen subjects did poorer than the patch subjects only on skin color lability. At 1 month of age, 9 sets of matched infants were examined. The only difference was that the control subjects did better than the patch subjects on animate visual and lability of state. Our data confirm the poorer short-term orientation performance of jaundiced infants treated with phototherapy but do not indicate that covering the eyes with an opaque screen improves behavioral organization.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3967053/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3967053
|
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0.26689955592155457,
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] |
3,967,167 |
A randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy in Stage I and Stage II cutaneous melanoma. An interim report.
|
Sterchi J M JM, Wells H B HB, Case L D LD, Spurr C L CL, White D R DR, Richards F F, Muss H B HB, Jackson D V DV, Stuart J J JJ, Cooper M R MR
|
Cancer . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1985 Feb 15
|
Seventy patients with Stage I and II malignant melanoma were randomized to treatment with either intravenous dacarbazine alone or intravenous dacarbazine plus intradermal injection of the methanol-extracted residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Analysis of treatment failed to reveal a statistically significant difference between these two forms of treatment in Stage I and II patients. It is possible that chemoimmunotherapy may increase survival in Stage II patients, but this possibility should be interpreted with caution.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3967167/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3967167
|
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] |
3,967,455 |
Prophylactic amantadine dose and plasma concentration-effect relationships in healthy adults.
|
Aoki F Y FY, Stiver H G HG, Sitar D S DS, Boudreault A A, Ogilvie R I RI
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 37, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Amantadine dose, plasma concentration, prophylactic and adverse effect relationships for prevention of influenza A virus infection in healthy young adult subjects were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Seventy-four subjects with hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers less than or equal to 16 against an attenuated influenza A virus AF9/Montreal/3/72 (H3N2) were randomly allocated to groups taking 0 (placebo), 25, 100, or 150 mg amantadine syrup prophylactically twice a day for 31 doses. Eighteen other subjects were randomly allocated to control groups for investigation of drug toxicity (150 mg) or concurrent other virus infection (placebo). Steady-state trough plasma concentrations were 110 +/- 39, 302 +/- 80, and 572 +/- 207 ng/ml (X +/- SD) for the three amantadine doses and increased out of proportion to dose. Prophylaxis groups were challenged intranasally with virus after the fifth dose at steady state; control subjects received saline solution. No subject became ill. Input virus was recovered 48 or 72 hr after challenge from nose or throat swabs of nine of 21 subjects taking placebo, one of 18 subjects taking 100 mg amantadine, three of 18 subjects taking 25 mg amantadine, and six of 17 subjects taking 150 mg amantadine. There were no differences in seroconversion rates or adverse symptoms. Our data do not support a change in the recommended amantadine prophylactic dose for influenza A virus infection in healthy young adults. We defined trough steady-state plasma concentrations associated with the recommended amantadine dose of 100 mg twice a day that should be mimicked in devising dose schedules for populations with differing amantadine kinetics.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3967455/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3967455
|
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] |
3,967,459 |
Nadolol, propranolol, and thyroid hormones: evidence for a membrane-stabilizing action of propranolol.
|
Reeves R A RA, From G L GL, Paul W W, Leenen F H FH
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 37, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Ten normal subjects participated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel study to determine the effects on thyroid hormones of chronic (4 wk) propranolol or nadolol, including observation for 2 wk after their discontinuation. Subjects took placebo for 1 wk, then propranolol or nadolol doses increased weekly to 240 mg/day by 3 wk. After 1 wk of placebo, after 2 wk of the highest dose of propranolol or nadolol, and 2, 4, 6, 9, and 13 days after their discontinuation, thyroid hormone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and heart rate responses to exercise were assessed. Both drugs induced equal and high degrees of exercise tachycardia inhibition. Propranolol decreased 3,3'5-triiodothyronine (T3) levels, increased 3-3'-5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) levels, tended to increase thyroxine levels, but did not increase thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. After discontinuation of propranolol, rT3 levels slowly (day 6) returned to values after placebo, suggesting delayed recovery of 5'-deiodination. There was no evidence of any rebound in T3 levels after withdrawal of propranolol. Nadolol induced no significant changes in the thyroid hormones measured. The data agree with the known effects of propranolol on thyroid hormones in normal man and show that nadolol does not have these effects when given chronically at an equivalent beta-blocking dose. The likely explanation is that the membrane-stabilizing activity of propranolol alters thyroid physiology by interfering with 5'-deiodinase.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3967459/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3967459
|
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] |
3,967,529 |
Volume of distribution of theophylline in acute exacerbations of reversible airway disease. Effect of body weight.
|
Zell M M, Curtis R A RA, Troyer W G WG, Fischer J H JH
|
Chest . Vol. 87, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
The literature is unclear as to whether theophylline loading doses should be based on total body weight (TBW) or ideal body weight (IBW). The objective of this study was to determine the most appropriate body weight for estimation of volume of distribution (Vd) in calculating theophylline loading dose in patients with acute bronchospasm. Fifty-four adult patients with acute bronchospasm requiring intravenous (IV) theophylline therapy were entered into the study. Patients were randomized into three theophylline loading dose groups based on (1) TBW, (2) IBW, and (3) adjusted body weight (ABW). Initial serum theophylline concentrations were used to determine an IV loading dose to reach a plasma concentration of 12 to 15 micrograms/ml. Percent prediction error was used to determine the appropriateness of each dosing group. Volumes of distribution were also determined for each group. There was a statistically significant difference at p less than 0.01 in the percent prediction error when patients in the TBW group were compared to the IBW and ABW groups. A statistically significant difference in the Vd was observed between the TBW and IBW group (p less than 0.01). We conclude that IBW is more appropriate than TBW or ABW for determining theophylline loading dose in patients with acute bronchospasm.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3967529/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3967529
|
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] |
3,967,835 |
Specific food intolerance: its place as a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms.
|
Farah D A DA, Calder I I, Benson L L, MacKenzie J F JF
|
Gut . Vol. 26, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Thirteen out of 49 patients suspected of having specific food intolerance after withdrawal and reintroduction of specific foods, were further subjected to double blind placebo controlled food challenges. Only three of these subjects were thus shown to have proven specific food intolerance. Of the remaining 10, nine were strong 'placebo reactors'. The study suggests that a small number of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms have verifiable specific food intolerance but that a greater number have symptoms attributable to psychogenic causes.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3967835/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3967835
|
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3,968,001 |
Effects of dehydration on the vasopressin response to immersion.
|
von Ameln H H, Laniado M M, Röcker L L, Kirsch K A KA
|
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) . Vol. 58, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Nine healthy volunteers underwent three experimental procedures in random order. The protocols were 4 h of thermal dehydration followed by 2 h of head-out water immersion, 4 h of thermal dehydration followed by 2 h of chair rest, and 6 h of rest in the supine position. Four hours of heat exposure (50 degrees C) resulted in a body weight loss of approximately 3.5%. Plasma osmolality rose by approximately 5 mosmol/kg, mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased from 85 to 78 mmHg, and body temperature increased from 36.8 to 38.6 degrees C. As a consequence of the combined action of hypertonicity, hypovolemia, hypotension, and hyperthermia, plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) increased from 2.1 to 8.1 pg/ml after 4 h thermal dehydration. Changes in body weight, plasma osmolality, body temperature, and MAP were similar after either a subsequent 2 h of water immersion or 2 h of chair rest. However, during chair rest plasma AVP remained elevated (8.4 pg/ml), whereas during immersion plasma AVP decreased from 8.1 to 4.7 pg/ml. This was probably due to the central hypervolemia induced by immersion. Our results support the hypothesis that central hypervolemia rather than hypotonicity is the primary stimulus for AVP suppression during water immersion in dehydrated subjects. During the early immersion period hypoosmolality might contribute to the AVP suppression.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3968001/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3968001
|
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] |
3,968,295 |
A comparison of dopamine, dobutamine and isoproterenol in the treatment of shock.
|
Worthley L I LI, Tyler P P, Moran J L JL
|
Intensive care medicine . Vol. 11, No. 1, 1985
|
Twelve patients in shock, defined as being present if the mean arterial blood pressure was less than 60 mm Hg, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure was 15 mm Hg or greater, urine output was 20 ml or less for 2 consecutive hours, and there was clinical evidence of poor peripheral perfusion, underwent a comparative therapeutic trial with dopamine at 200 micrograms . min-1 and 400 micrograms . min-1 (2.5-5.5 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1), dobutamine 250 micrograms . min-1 and 500 micrograms . min-1 (3.5-7 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1) and isoproterenol 2 micrograms . min-1 and 4 micrograms . min-1 (0.025-0.055 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1). Isoproterenol at 2 micrograms . min-1, produced a significant increase in pulse rate, cardiac output, left ventricular stroke work index and decrease in mean pulmonary blood pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and at 4 micrograms . min-1 a significant increase in stroke volume, mixed venous oxygen tension and decrease in right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistance was also observed. Dopamine at 200 micrograms . min-1 produced a significant increase in cardiac output, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and mixed venous oxygen tension and at 400 micrograms . min-1 a significant increase in pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure mean pulmonary blood pressure, right ventricular stroke work index, right atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and decrease in arterial oxygen tension was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3968295/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3968295
|
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] |
3,968,329 |
Bitolterol and albuterol metered-dose aerosols: comparison of two long-acting beta 2-adrenergic bronchodilators for treatment of asthma.
|
Orgel H A HA, Kemp J P JP, Tinkelman D G DG, Webb D R DR
|
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology . Vol. 75, No. 1 Pt 1, 1985 Jan
|
In this double-blind, parallel, single-dose study, bitolterol mesylate aerosol (three sprays, 1.11 mg) and albuterol aerosol (two sprays, 180 mcg) were compared for efficacy of bronchodilation in 120 adolescent and young adult patients with moderate to severe asthma. All patients required regular medications for asthma control. None was steroid dependent. Both medications gave effective bronchodilation within 5 min with maximum effect at 30 to 60 min. Mean percent increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) over baseline was higher for bitolterol than for albuterol at all test times up to 8 hr after a dose at which time 20% mean percent increase of FEV1 over baseline was still present in the bitolterol-treated patients. With albuterol mean percent increase in FEV1 fell to 15% over baseline at 5 hr after a dose. Differences in FEV1 increase between the two treatment groups were statistically significant at 4 to 8 hr after a dose. Patients with baseline FEV1 less than 50% of predicted normal had a response to bitolterol that was higher than that observed with albuterol treatment (p less than 0.1). Mean maximum percent increase in FEV1 and median duration of bronchodilation were greater with bitolterol than with albuterol, but the differences were not statistically significant. Both bitolterol aerosol and albuterol aerosol were demonstrated to be safe, effective, and long-acting bronchodilating agents. Both bitolterol and albuterol administered by aerosol had a rapid onset, and the maximum degree of bronchodilation was comparable. However, at the doses studied, bitolterol produced significantly higher increase in FEV1 over baseline at longer times after medication than did albuterol.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3968329/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3968329
|
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] |
3,968,608 |
Effect of supplemental fluids on human milk production.
|
Dusdieker L B LB, Booth B M BM, Stumbo P J PJ, Eichenberger J M JM
|
The Journal of pediatrics . Vol. 106, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
The effect of supplemental fluid intake on milk production was evaluated in a randomized, crossover design study of breast-feeding mothers. Twenty-six women whose infants were growing well with breast-feeding alone were enrolled in the study when their infants were 90 to 120 days of age. Twenty-one women consumed at least a 25% increase in fluids (mean 59%, range 26% to 140%). Mean daily milk production was 814 +/- 163 ml/day in the baseline period and 797 +/- 157 ml/day during increased fluid intake. There was no significant change in milk production between study periods and no significant relationship between percent increase in fluid intake and change in milk production nor between volume of fluid intake and volume of milk produced.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3968608/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3968608
|
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0.418635755777359,
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0.15573513507843018,
0.37418681383132935,
0.23668047785758972,
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] |
3,968,773 |
Herpes zoster. The treatment and prevention of neuralgia with adenosine monophosphate.
|
Sklar S H SH, Blue W T WT, Alexander E J EJ, Bodian C A CA
|
JAMA . Vol. 253, No. 10, 1985 Mar 08
|
Thirty-two adults were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial of intramuscular injections of gel-sustained adenosine monophosphate (AMP) given three times a week for up to four weeks for acute herpes zoster. Adenosine monophosphate moderately reduced the pain soon after the start of treatment, decreased desquamation time, and promoted faster healing of the skin than placebo treatment. Adenosine monophosphate treatment reduced virus shedding and cleared the virus faster than in placebo-treated subjects. At the end of the initial four-week treatment period, 88% of AMP-treated patients were pain free, as opposed to only 43% in the placebo group. After four weeks, all patients who had not recovered from pain started receiving AMP treatment without breaking the code. All these patients recovered from pain within three weeks after initiation of treatment. No recurrence of pain or lesions was experienced from three to 18 months after the end of treatment. Adenosine monophosphate, a natural cellular metabolite, showed no side effects or toxicity during and after the treatment.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3968773/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3968773
|
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] |
3,968,920 |
After-hours telephone access to physicians with access to computerized medical records. Experience in an inner-city general medicine clinic.
|
Darnell J C JC, Hiner S L SL, Neill P J PJ, Mamlin J J JJ, McDonald C J CJ, Hui S L SL, Tierney W M WM
|
Medical care . Vol. 23, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
The authors examined the effect of after-hours telephone access to physicians and physician access to computerized medical records on hospitalizations and emergency room (ER) visits in an inner-city, adult, general medicine clinic. Patients were randomly assigned to a control (C) and two study groups (S1 and S2). Patients in study groups S1 and S2 had after-hours telephone access to physicians. Computerized medical records were accessible to physicians only for callers in study group S2. During the initial 18 months of study, only 7.6% of eligible patients called the after-hours service, a rate of 6 calls/1,000 patients/month (200 calls/1,849 patients/18 months). Repeated promotion of the service was subsequently undertaken, and 19.4% of the patients used the service during the final 12 months of study, a rate of 24.1 calls/1,000 patients/month (467 calls/1,616 patients/12 months). There were no significant differences in hospitalizations or ER visits among the control and two study groups.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3968920/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3968920
|
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] |
3,969,014 |
Treatment of osteoporosis with calcitonin, with and without growth hormone.
|
Aloia J F JF, Vaswani A A, Kapoor A A, Yeh J K JK, Cohn S H SH
|
Metabolism: clinical and experimental . Vol. 34, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
A 24 month randomized parallel study of the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with calcitonin alone v calcitonin alternating with growth hormone (combined treatment) was conducted. Each group received 1000 mg daily of oral calcium supplements. The rate of change in total body calcium for the combined and calcitonin groups was + 1.68%/yr and + 1.33/yr, respectively (P less than .05). However, the difference in the two groups was not statistically significant. Further, the total body calcium level did not increase after 12 to 18 months of treatment. There was significant difference in the rates of change of bone mineral content (BMC) of the radius for the two groups, with a loss of BMC in the combined treatment group (F = 4.80, P less than .05). Calcitonin treatment is effective in producing an increment in bone mass. The addition of growth hormone to this regimen appears to have a deleterious effect on cortical bone mass.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969014/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3969014
|
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] |
3,969,035 |
A smoking cessation programme for use in general practice.
|
Richmond R L RL, Webster I W IW
|
The Medical journal of Australia . Vol. 142, No. 3, 1985 Feb 04
|
The effectiveness of a smoking intervention programme based in general practice was evaluated at six months by a randomized controlled trial. In the programme, general practitioners achieved a 33% success rate compared with 3% in a control group. Reported abstinence was checked by blood tests for cotinine, carboxyhaemoglobin and thiocyanate. The majority of patients considered that their chances of success were greater if a doctor administered the programme, and that having the results of lung function and blood tests explained in relation to the risks of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases constituted a strong incentive to stop smoking. Two cases illustrating a successful and a failed outcome of the programme are described. If one quarter of general practitioners in Australia adopted this programme in their practice, approximately 150,000 new abstainers could be expected each year.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969035/
|
[
"Case Reports",
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3969035
|
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] |
3,969,190 |
Interference of heparin with peritoneal solute transport.
|
Ponce S P SP, Barata J D JD, Santos J R JR
|
Nephron . Vol. 39, No. 1, 1985
|
To verify the action of heparin on peritoneal transport, we selected 20 patients on acute peritoneal dialysis and performed two 2-hour cycles with 2,000 cm3 of a 1.5% solution, adding 2,000 units of heparin to the second cycle. The patients were also randomized into 2 groups: group A, adding 1.5 mg gentamycin/kg to the dialysate of cycle I (without heparin), and group B, adding the same dose of gentamycin to cycle II (with heparin). At the end of each of the two cycles blood and dialysate were drawn for urea, creatinine, glucose, proteins and gentamycin levels, using peritoneal clearances of urea and creatinine, glucose absorption and net protein loss to compare cycle I with cycle II. We found that the peritoneal transport of creatinine and urea was improved (p less than 0.02; p less than 0.05) and glucose absorption increased (p less than 0.01) with heparin, without any significant change in protein loss. Contrary to common belief, heparin in a 1,000-U/l dose improved the absorption of gentamycin from the dialysate (p less than 0.01).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969190/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3969190
|
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] |
3,969,207 |
Low dosages of bromocriptine added to levodopa in Parkinson's disease.
|
Hoehn M M MM, Elton R L RL
|
Neurology . Vol. 35, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Thirty-six patients with Parkinson's disease, on levodopa, were admitted to a double-blind, parallel, 40-week study of adjunct bromocriptine in dosages increased by 2.5 mg every 4 weeks. A 37% improvement of the mean neurologic deficit score was obtained at the maximal daily dosage of 20 mg. Improvement was greatest in patients with mild disease. The wearing-off effect, off-dose abnormal involuntary movements, and leg pains, associated with levodopa, improved in over 70% of patients at an average dosage of 13 mg. Only 15% of patients had adverse reactions severe enough to necessitate discontinuance of the drug. Abnormalities of mental state were less severe than expected, but two patients had exacerbations of angina pectoris.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969207/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3969207
|
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] |
3,969,339 |
Lack of adverse side effects of oral ferrous sulfate therapy in 1-year-old infants.
|
Reeves J D JD, Yip R R
|
Pediatrics . Vol. 75, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
An evaluation was made of 278 healthy-appearing 1-year-old infants who were tested for iron deficiency to determine the relative frequency of adverse side effects attributable to oral iron treatment. After obtaining parental informed consent, laboratory tests of iron status were performed on venous blood and infants with hemoglobin level greater than 10.5 g/dL were randomly chosen to receive 1.2 mL of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) drops (about 3 mg of iron per kilogram per day) or equal volume of placebo for 3 months. After 3 months of treatment, infants were to return to the clinic for repeat blood testing, compliance estimation, and evaluation for possible adverse side effects. There was no significant difference (P greater than .50) in the frequency of vomiting, diarrhea, or fussiness in iron-treated infants (6%) compared with placebo-treated infants (9%). Constipation was slightly more frequently reported (P = .03) in placebo-treated infants (9%) than in iron-treated infants (1%). Compliance with therapy was confirmed in 179 completely evaluated infants by the lack of remaining medication at 3 months, the higher incidence (P less than .0001) of dark stools reported among iron-treated infants, and the changes in laboratory tests of iron status. No parents reported dark stools as an adverse effect of therapy. It is concluded that once daily, moderate-dose FeSO4 therapy given to fasting 1-year-old infants results in no more gastrointestinal side effects than placebo therapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969339/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3969339
|
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] |
3,969,859 |
Medically directed at-home rehabilitation soon after clinically uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction: a new model for patient care.
|
DeBusk R F RF, Haskell W L WL, Miller N H NH, Berra K K, Taylor C B CB, Berger W E WE, Lew H H
|
The American journal of cardiology . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1985 Feb 01
|
Medically directed at-home rehabilitation was compared with group rehabilitation which began 3 weeks after clinically uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 127 men, mean age 53 +/- 7 years. Between 3 and 26 weeks after AMI, adherence to individually prescribed exercise was equally high (at least 71%), the increase in functional capacity equally large (1.8 +/- 1.0 METs) and nonfatal reinfarction and dropout rates equally low (both 3% or less) in the 66 men randomized to home training and the 61 men randomized to group training. No training-related complications occurred in either group. The low rate of reinfarction and death (5% and 1%, respectively) in the study as a whole, which included 34 patients with no training and 37 control patients, reflected a stepwise process of clinical evaluation, exercise testing at 3 weeks and frequent telephone surveillance of patients who underwent exercise training. Medically directed at-home rehabilitation has the potential to increase the availability and to decrease the cost of rehabilitating low-risk survivors of AMI.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969859/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3969859
|
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] |
3,969,861 |
Effect of coffee on exercise-induced angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease in habitual coffee drinkers.
|
Piters K M KM, Colombo A A, Olson H G HG, Butman S M SM
|
The American journal of cardiology . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1985 Feb 01
|
The acute effects of coffee on exercise-induced angina were studied in 17 men with coronary artery disease using a double-blind treadmill protocol. Ingestion of either 1 or 2 cups of caffeinated coffee increased the exercise duration until onset of angina (8 and 12%, respectively, p less than 0.05), whereas decaffeinated coffee had no effect. The extent of ST-segment depression and the heart rate-blood pressure product at angina were similar after drinking caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. Exercise duration until 0.1 mV of ST-segment depression, as well as the heart rate, blood pressure and double product at angina and at 0.1 mV of ST-segment depression were similar after drinking caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee. The mean serum caffeine levels (+/- standard deviation) after ingestion of 1 and 2 cups of caffeinated coffee were 1.97 +/- 1.0 and 3.89 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. The acute ingestion of 1 to 2 cups of caffeinated coffee had no deleterious effect on exercise-induced angina pectoris in patients with coronary artery disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969861/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3969861
|
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] |
3,969,862 |
Propranolol-verapamil versus propranolol-nifedipine in severe angina pectoris of effort: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.
|
Winniford M D MD, Fulton K L KL, Corbett J R JR, Croft C H CH, Hillis L D LD
|
The American journal of cardiology . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1985 Feb 01
|
To compare a propranolol-verapamil with a propranolol-nifedipine combination in patients with severe angina of effort, 16 patients (11 men and 5 women, aged 56 +/- 8 years [mean +/- standard deviation]) with more than 5 episodes/week of angina and a positive exercise tolerance test despite propranolol (229 +/- 44 mg/day [range 180 to 360]) were maintained on this dose of propranolol and, in addition, received verapamil (360 mg/day) and nifedipine (60 mg/day) for 3 weeks each in a double-blind, randomized fashion. In comparison with propranolol alone, anginal frequency and nitroglycerin usage were reduced by propranolol-verapamil but not by propranolol-nifedipine. Exercise time (standard Bruce protocol) was similar for the 2 combinations (6.4 +/- 2.0 minutes with propranolol-verapamil, 6.6 +/- 2.1 minutes with propranolol-nifedipine, difference not significant), but the magnitude of ST-segment depression at peak exercise was less (p less than 0.05) during propranolol-verapamil (0.03 +/- 0.06 mV) than during propranolol alone (0.18 +/- 0.07 mV) and propranolol-nifedipine (0.08 +/- 0.07 mV). Left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was higher (p less than 0.05) with propranolol-nifedipine (0.62 +/- 0.10) than with propranolol-verapamil (0.58 +/- 0.10), but neither differed from ejection fraction at rest with propranolol alone (0.59 +/- 0.08). Ejection fraction at peak exercise was similar during all 3 periods. In 2 patients, verapamil caused weakness, lightheadedness, and severe sinus bradycardia (40 to 48 beats/min), and the dosage was reduced (blindly) to 240 mg/day, with the alleviation of bradycardia and associated symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969862/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3969862
|
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] |
3,969,867 |
Isosorbide dinitrate sublingual therapy for inferior myocardial infarction: randomized trial to assess infarct size limitation.
|
Pabón Osuna P P, García Moreno L M LM, Arribas Jimenez A A, Sala Sánchez-Castillo A A, Martín Luengo C C, Sánchez Hernández J J, Castaño Bazo L L, Cascón Bueno M M, Diego Dominguez M M, Ledesma García C C
|
The American journal of cardiology . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1985 Feb 01
|
To assess the potential of isosorbide dinitrate sublingual therapy for limiting myocardial infarct size, 41 patients with inferior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to the control group and 21 to the treatment group. Patients in the treatment group received 10 mg of isosorbide dinitrate every 2 hours for 72 hours. To estimate infarct size, QRS scoring, peak creatine kinase (CK) serum levels and CK curves were used. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in maximal or cumulative activity of CK or QRS score (percent of left ventricle infarcted: 16% in the control group, 17% in the treatment group). In both groups the QRS score increased significantly by 13 hours after AMI, and the increase was highly significant by 19 to 23 hours. Thus, sublingual isosorbide dinitrate at the dosage given did not reduce infarct size in patients with inferior AMI.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969867/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3969867
|
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] |
3,969,876 |
Bretylium: relations between plasma concentrations and pharmacologic actions in high-frequency ventricular arrhythmias.
|
Duff H J HJ, Roden D M DM, Yacobi A A, Robertson D D, Wang T T, Maffucci R J RJ, Oates J A JA, Woosley R L RL
|
The American journal of cardiology . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1985 Feb 01
|
Although it is widely assumed that the early arrhythmogenic and pressor responses to bretylium are caused by catecholamine release from the adrenergic neuron, this assumption has not been systematically studied in humans. Pharmacologic responses to a placebo infusion and 3 separate bretylium infusions (2.5, 5.0, 10 mg/kg over 60 minutes) were assessed in 6 patients with recurrent, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Plasma bretylium concentration, blood pressure (BP), plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration, arrhythmia frequency and adrenergic neuronal blockade (assessed by the presence or absence of reflex venoconstriction) were measured. Adrenergic blockade was seen with every bretylium infusion and at a time when relatively small amounts of bretylium had been administered (range 160 to 750 mg, median 252). Temporal relations (p less than 0.03) were noted among the time of onset of adrenergic neuronal blockade, onset of the pressor response, increase in NE plasma concentration and increase in ventricular arrhythmia frequency. BP responses during the infusions were linearly related to change in plasma NE at the time of development of adrenergic neuronal blockade. Bretylium plasma concentrations higher than 3 micrograms/ml were frequently associated with a short-lived pressor response. There was a significant relation (p less than 0.06) between the increase in plasma NE during the infusion and an increase in ventricular arrhythmia frequency. Reduction in arrhythmia frequency was seen in only 1 patient, beginning 6 hours after the development of adrenergic neuronal blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969876/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3969876
|
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] |
3,969,934 |
Exercise and protein intake effects on urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion.
|
Hickson J F JF, Hinkelmann K K
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 41, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
A 28-day study was conducted with 13 adult men to determine the effect of weight lifting exercise and protein intake level on urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH) excretion. Subjects were fed the RDA for protein [0.8 g/(kg BW X d)] or 3 X RDA; there were no-exercise and exercise groups at each intake. Comparisons of last 14-day, least-squares means among groups did not reveal differences in data treated by lean body weight [3MH/(kg LBW X d)] or by urinary creatinine excretion [3MH/(kg UCE X d)], but 3MH/(kg LBW X d) excretions were higher for exercise than no-exercise subjects. Regression analyses revealed linear, increasing trends in the 3MH/(kg LBW X d) data for RDA-exercise (p less than 0.03), 3 X RDA-exercise (p less than 0.01), and 3 X RDA-no-exercise (p less than 0.01) groups; 3MH/(g UCE X d) group data plots overlapped. Our findings for 3MH/(kg LBW X d) indicate that a weight lifting program was associated with increased 3MH excretions from adult males. As an index of skeletal muscle catabolism, an increase in 3HM excretion represents an increase in tissue catabolism. No significant effect of 3 X RDA protein intake on last 14-day 3MH excretions was observed; however, linear increases in 3MH/(kg LBW X d) for 3 X RDA-no-exercise subjects suggests a relationship. Trends of exercise- or protein intake-enhanced 3MH excretion could be masked by data as 3MH/(g UCE X d) if exercise or 3 X RDA protein intake can expand the body creatine pool independent of skeletal muscle mass.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969934/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3969934
|
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] |
3,969,935 |
Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements: biological validation in weight reducing women.
|
Belko A Z AZ, Meredith M P MP, Kalkwarf H J HJ, Obarzanek E E, Weinberg S S, Roach R R, McKeon G G, Roe D A DA
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 41, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
The present study was designed to evaluate our previous estimates for riboflavin requirement, 0.96 mg/1000 kcal during nonexercise and 1.16 mg/1000 kcal during exercise in overweight women. Two groups of 6 weight reducing women consumed either 1.16 mg riboflavin/1000 kcal (HR) or 0.96 mg/1000 kcal (MR). The study was two, 3 period by 2 treatment (exercise or nonexercise) crossover designs, one design at each level of riboflavin. Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficients (AC) significantly increased in both groups from 1.16 +/- .02 to 1.20 +/- .03 in group HR and from 1.31 +/- .04 to 1.36 +/- .02 in the MR group during nonexercise and exercise, respectively. ACs increased in the HR group due to an increase in total enzyme activity while ACs increased in the MR group due to a decrease in basal enzyme activity reflecting decreased flavin availability. There were no differences in aerobic capacity, weight loss, nor change in lean body mass between the two groups. Thus, 0.96 mg/1000 kcal was not adequate during either nonexercise or exercise periods while the 1.16 mg/1000 kcal was adequate.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969935/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3969935
|
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] |
3,969,937 |
Effect of zinc intake on copper excretion and retention in men.
|
Festa M D MD, Anderson H L HL, Dowdy R P RP, Ellersieck M R MR
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 41, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
To determine the influence of zinc intake on copper excretion and retention, nine men consumed diets containing 2.6 mg of copper/day and 1.8, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 18.5 or 20.7 mg of zinc/day for one- or two-week periods in a 63-day study. Copper and zinc in the diet and copper in plasma were determined weekly; fecal copper was determined daily and averaged within each week. The weekly mean (+/-SEM) plasma copper concentrations (81 +/- 3.3 to 100 +/- 5.8 micrograms/dl) remained within the normal range throughout the study. Fecal copper and apparent copper retention were influenced by the level of dietary zinc and the duration it was fed. When 18.5 mg of zinc/day was fed for two consecutive weeks following a lower zinc intake, fecal copper was elevated and apparent copper retention was reduced after a one-week lag. Thus, an intake of zinc only 3.5 mg/day above the RDA for men reduced apparent retention of copper at an intake of 2.6 mg/day.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3969937/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
3969937
|
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] |
3,970,121 |
Cardiovascular effects of topical beta-blockers during exercise.
|
Atkins J M JM, Pugh B R BR, Timewell R M RM
|
American journal of ophthalmology . Vol. 99, No. 2, 1985 Feb 15
|
In two different medical centers, a total of 24 normal individuals (mean age, 31 years) participated in a double-masked, three-way crossover single-instillation comparison of betaxolol 1%, timolol 0.5%, and placebo. After each ocular treatment, cardiovascular characteristics were measured during ten-minute treadmill exercise periods. No significant differences in heart rate or double product (heart rate X systolic pressure) were seen between treatment with betaxolol and administration of placebo. However, when the same subjects were treated with timolol, they demonstrated significant (P less than .05) reductions in these values at various measurement times compared with placebo and betaxolol treatments. No significant differences in mean arterial pressure were detected after any of the treatments.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970121/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3970121
|
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] |
3,970,333 |
Diazepam premedication in children. Plasma levels and clinical effects.
|
Fell D D, Gough M B MB, Northan A A AA, Henderson C U CU
|
Anaesthesia . Vol. 40, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Oral diazepam 0.25 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg was employed as premedication in one hundred and one children undergoing elective surgery. The drug failed to modify the rise in cardiorespiratory indices of preanaesthetic anxiety compared with control values, and there was no difference between the two doses assessed by a sedation scoring system. 0.25 mg/kg diazepam produced less sedation in children under 5 years old, compared with those 5 years and older, whereas 0.5 mg/kg produced no difference between the older and younger age groups. The plasma levels of diazepam were greater postoperatively in the 0.5 mg/kg group. There was no relationship between plasma diazepam and recall at induction, and pre-anaesthetic amnesia was not enhanced with the higher premedication dose.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970333/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3970333
|
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] |
3,970,345 |
Anaesthetic carrier gases. Their effect on middle-ear pressure peri-operatively.
|
Mann M S MS, Woodsford P V PV, Jones R M RM
|
Anaesthesia . Vol. 40, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
The effects of three different anaesthetic carrier gases on middle-ear pressure in the operative and postoperative periods was assessed. Patients receiving oxygen and oxygen-enriched air did not have significant changes in middle-ear pressure. The changes associated with the use of nitrous oxide as the carrier gas were reversed with return of pharyngeal reflexes or after prolonged inhalation of 100% oxygen. In patients undergoing middle-ear surgery or those with pre-existing middle-ear disease, we suggest that oxygen-enriched air is the anaesthetic carrier gas of choice.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970345/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3970345
|
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] |
3,970,361 |
Reduced anesthetic requirement after electrical stimulation of periaqueductal gray matter.
|
Roizen M F MF, Newfield P P, Eger E I EI, Hosobuchi Y Y, Adams J E JE, Lamb S S
|
Anesthesiology . Vol. 62, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
To determine whether electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray region decreases anesthetic requirement, the authors studied the effect of such stimulation on the MAC of halothane and 60% nitrous oxide in 33 patients. These patients, who were undergoing implantation of a radio-frequency-coupled receiver and connection of that receiver to electrodes previously implanted in the periaqueductal gray area, were assigned randomly to receive (n = 16) or not receive (n = 17) electrical stimulation 1 h before surgery. The mean value (+/- SEM) for the minimum alveolar concentration of halothane combined with 60% nitrous oxide was significantly less (P less than 0.001) for patients who were stimulated preoperatively (0.15 +/- 0.05%) than for those who were not (0.51 +/- 0.02%). The authors conclude that stimulation of the periaqueductal gray region decreases anesthetic requirements and believe that at least three mechanisms are possible: a nonspecific narcotic-like effect, a specific effect on a pain pathway, or an effect on specific neural pathways that affect anesthetic requirements secondary to changes in regional concentrations of neurotransmitters.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970361/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3970361
|
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] |
3,970,454 |
Aminophylline and its influence on ventilatory endurance in humans.
|
Belman M J MJ, Sieck G C GC, Mazar A A
|
The American review of respiratory disease . Vol. 131, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the previously demonstrated improvement in contractile tension of diaphragmatic muscle with aminophylline results in improved ventilatory endurance. We measured the maximal sustained ventilatory levels during prolonged isocapnic hyperpnea as an index of ventilatory muscle function. This measurement was made in 7 normal subjects and 7 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the intravenous administration of saline and aminophylline on 2 separate days. The order of administration of the infusions was randomized. Although both groups showed slightly higher sustained ventilatory levels during aminophylline infusion, the magnitude of change was small and unlikely to have a significant clinical benefit in the setting of respiratory muscle fatigue.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970454/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3970454
|
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] |
3,970,455 |
Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
|
Chen H H, Dukes R R, Martin B J BJ
|
The American review of respiratory disease . Vol. 131, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
To investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle resistive loading training (IMT) on exercise performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 13 patients undergoing standard pulmonary rehabilitation were divided into control (n = 6) and experimental (n = 7) groups. Prior to training, we measured inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, resting pulmonary function, and exercise performance on a bicycle ergometer (a progressive test and an endurance test at two thirds of maximal work load). We then determined their resistive loads for training by measuring their 10-min maximal sustainable resistance. Training by patients in the experimental group involved inspiring against a predetermined resistive load. The control subjects breathed through a sham training tube, so that studies were performed in double-blind fashion. The training consisted of 15-min sessions twice daily for 4 wk. The IMT dramatically improved inspiratory muscle endurance--represented as either sustainable inspiratory pressure (SIP) or endurance time at 60% of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (Pimmax) at functional residual capacity. The SIP of the trained group increased from 29 +/- 11 to 46 +/- 11% of Pimmax (p less than 0.005). Training slightly increased inspiratory muscle strength (p less than 0.05), as determined by Pimmax. In contrast, resting pulmonary function and performance of both progressive and constant-load exercise remained unchanged. We conclude that 4-wk IMT in a pulmonary rehabilitation setting improves inspiratory muscle endurance in patients with COPD without changing pulmonary function or exercise performance.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970455/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3970455
|
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] |
3,970,608 |
Comparison of blood cardioplegia to electrolyte cardioplegia on the effectiveness of preservation of right atrial myocardium: mitochondrial morphometric study.
|
Chen Y F YF, Lin Y T YT
|
The Annals of thoracic surgery . Vol. 39, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
The right atrium differs from the left ventricle in two respects during cardioplegic arrest: a higher proportion of noncoronary collateral flow is delivered to the right atrium, and the atrium is frequently excluded from topical ice cooling because of its higher position relative to the left ventricle. These factors result in early rewarming of atrial myocardium. To the best of our knowledge, the surgical literature contains no reports on whether blood cardioplegia can provide better atrial myocardial preservation than electrolyte cardioplegia. Twenty consecutive patients who underwent cardiac operations were randomly selected to receive blood cardioplegia (Group 1) or electrolyte cardioplegia (Group 2). Hypothermia was achieved by systemic cooling and continuous topical cooling with ice slush. Stereological morphometric study of mitochondria was performed on 40 biopsy specimens taken from the right atrium prior to aortic cross-clamping (preischemia) and at the end of ischemia. In Group 1, total aortic cross-clamp time was 72.8 +/- 32.5 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before ischemia was 0.224 +/- 0.032 mu 2 and after ischemia, 0.336 +/- 0.032 mu 2, a 50.0% increase in mitochondrial size. In Group 2, total aortic cross-clamp time was 69.7 +/- 30.9 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before ischemia was 0.205 +/- 0.025 mu 2 and after ischemia, 0.439 +/- 0.111 mu 2, an average increase in mitochondrial size of 114.2%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in mitochondrial size before ischemia. However, after ischemia the mean mitochondrial surface areas were significantly different (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970608/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3970608
|
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] |
3,970,647 |
Evaluation of pindolol dosage in hypertension by automatic indirect BP monitoring.
|
Sheps S G SG, Schirger A A, Spiekerman R E RE, Harman T R TR, O'Brien P C PC, Kleven M K MK, Kremer-Simpson K K
|
Archives of internal medicine . Vol. 145, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Pindolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug, lowered systolic and diastolic BP equally well during once-daily and twice-daily dosage. Side effects were few. Absence of supine bradycardia distinguished this drug from other beta-adrenergic blockers and likely was attributable to the agent's intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Blood pressure variability was less during therapy. Automatic indirect BP monitoring reliably confirmed office and home BP recordings and indicated good control throughout waking and sleeping periods.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970647/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3970647
|
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] |
3,970,673 |
Endarterectomized superficial femoral artery as an arterial patch.
|
Rollins D L DL, Towne J B JB, Bernhard V M VM, Baum P L PL
|
Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) . Vol. 120, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Eighty-six patients underwent 90 profundaplasties for lower extremity ischemia using endarterectomized superficial femoral artery (ESFA) or vein as an arterial patch. Standard length profundaplasty was performed in 60 limbs and extended profundaplasty in 28. Seventy-two were performed for limb salvage and 18 for severe claudication. Fifty-four limbs underwent inflow reconstruction and profundaplasty, while 36 others had profundaplasty alone. Three-year cumulative patency rates were employed to compare the type of autogenous patch material to the profundaplasty length, operative indications, and procedures. In all groups, ESFA performed as well as vein. Endarterectomized superficial femoral artery patch angioplasty provides comparable long-term results to vein patch in patients undergoing profundaplasty, and demonstrates its durability as a vascular patch in situations where autogenous tissue is required or preferred while preserving the saphenous vein for later use.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970673/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3970673
|
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] |
3,970,747 |
The use of antibiotics in the initial management of recent dog-bite wounds.
|
Rosen R A RA
|
The American journal of emergency medicine . Vol. 3, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
The use of antibiotics in the initial management of dog-bite wounds presented within eight hours of injury was studied. Of 211 wounds occurring in 150 patients seen during the study period, 66 wounds occurring in 33 patients comprised the study sample. All wounds were managed according to a strict protocol that included cleaning, debridement, and pressure irrigation. The wounds studied were randomly assigned to either an antibiotics (penicillinase-resistant penicillin or erythromycin) or placebo group. Two of the 35 antibiotic-treated wounds became infected, and three of the 31 placebo-treated wounds became infected. There was no significant difference in outcome between antibiotic and placebo groups. Hand wounds became infected significantly more often than other wounds. The administration of a penicillinase-resistant antibiotic is not indicated in the initial management of dog-bite wounds presented within eight hours of injury.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970747/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3970747
|
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] |
3,970,769 |
Pre-hospital IAC-CPR versus standard CPR: paramedic resuscitation of cardiac arrests.
|
Mateer J R JR, Stueven H A HA, Thompson B M BM, Aprahamian C C, Darin J C JC
|
The American journal of emergency medicine . Vol. 3, No. 2, 1985 Mar
|
Recent studies evaluating interposed abdominal compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (IAC-CPR) have demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and cerebral perfusion, as compared with standard CPR. A clinical evaluation of IAC-CPR effectiveness on resuscitation outcome has not been reported. A prospective randomized study comparing IAC-CRP with standard CPR for resuscitation of prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest was undertaken using the Milwaukee County Paramedic System. The patients were randomized following endotracheal intubation into IAC-CPR and standard CPR groups. Since October 1983, 291 patients have qualified for the study group. Of these, 146 patients had standard CPR, and 45 (31%) were successfully resuscitated. Of the 145 patients treated with IAC-CPR, 40 (28%) were successfully resuscitated. Chi-square analysis reveals no significant difference between these groups. To determine whether abdominal compression increases regurgitation, the frequency of emesis before and after intubation was analyzed. No significant difference was found between the IAC-CPR and standard CPR groups. Thus, IAC-CPR applied by paramedics in the field to patients following intubation does not improve cardiac resuscitation rates.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970769/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3970769
|
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] |
3,970,796 |
Non-verbal response to intraoperative conversation.
|
Bennett H L HL, Davis H S HS, Giannini J A JA
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 57, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
In a double-blind study, 33 patients (herniorraphy, cholecystectomy and orthopaedic) were randomly assigned to either suggestion or control groups. Under known clinical levels of nitrous oxide and enflurane or halothane anaesthesia, suggestion patients were exposed to statements of the importance of touching their ear during a postoperative interview. Compared with controls, suggestion patients did touch their ear (tetrachoric correlation 0.61, P less than 0.001) and they did so more frequently (Mann-Whitney U test, P less than 0.02). All suggestion patients were completely amnesic for the intraoperative spoken suggestion, despite inquiries which included hypnotic regression to the operation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970796/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3970796
|
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] |
3,970,797 |
Comparison of the ocular effects of atropine or glycopyrrolate with two I.V. induction agents.
|
Greenan J J, Prasad J J
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 57, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Atropine and glycopyrrolate combined with either methohexitone or thiopentone were compared with the induction agent alone in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy. Patients acted as their own controls in each sub-group defined by induction agent. Pupil size, muscle twitches, presence of hiccups and the extent of oropharyngeal secretions were noted. Methohexitone produced a greater and more prolonged increase in pupil size than did thiopentone. The subsequent pupil size following the atropine-methohexitone mixture was significantly greater than that following the glycopyrrolate-methohexitone mixture. The combination of atropine with thiopentone produced a greater "secondary" mydriasis than thiopentone alone, or thiopentone combined with glycopyrrolate. The effect of the glycopyrrolate-thiopentone combination did not differ significantly from that of thiopentone alone. Methohexitone was associated with a greater incidence of hiccups, muscle twitching and excessive salivation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970797/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3970797
|
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] |
3,970,798 |
Pattern of CNS recovery following reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Comparison of atropine and glycopyrrolate.
|
Sheref S E SE
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 57, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Recovery from anaesthesia was compared, in a group of patients (n = 25) receiving a mixture of glycopyrrolate and neostigmine (to reverse non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade), with recovery in a group of patients (n = 25) receiving an atropine-neostigmine mixture. Recovery following anaesthesia was more rapid in the patients receiving the glycopyrrolate-neostigmine mixture.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970798/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3970798
|
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] |
3,970,886 |
Ventilatory responses of normal subjects to flax dust inhalation: the protective effect of autoclaving the flax.
|
Jamison J P JP, Langlands J H JH, Bodel C C CC
|
British journal of industrial medicine . Vol. 42, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
A homogeneous batch of dew retted hackled flax was divided into two portions. One was untreated and the other was steamed for 45 minutes at 125 degrees C in three pressure/vacuum cycles in an autoclave. Dust was collected when the two flaxes were separately processed by industrial doubler and stapler machines. From untreated flax 7.2 g of dust was collected per kilogram of flax after two processing operations. From the steamed flax 4.4 g of flax was obtained per kilogram after four operations. A method was devised to disperse the dust in a room to produce dust levels similar to those encountered in a dusty mill (4.5-5.7 mg/m3). Twelve normal volunteers from the managerial staff of the linen industry of Northern Ireland inhaled the dust over six hour periods. With the untreated flax decreases were obtained in mean forced expiratory measurements of 7.6% in FEV1 and 4.5% in FVC (p less than 0.01). A double blind crossover comparison of similar levels of untreated and steamed flax dusts showed 30% less impairment of the forced expirations with steamed than with untreated flax (p less than 0.05). If these responses reflect the long term airway effects of flax dust then the steaming of flax may help in reducing byssinosis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3970886/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3970886
|
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] |
3,971,104 |
Prophylactic mezlocillin for transurethral prostatectomy.
|
Allan W R WR, Kumar A A
|
British journal of urology . Vol. 57, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
In a randomised clinical trial of 100 consecutive patients treated by transurethral prostatectomy, half were given prophylactic intravenous mezlocillin. Blood cultures were obtained, the urine examined and the post-operative progress of each patient was carefully followed. The results were analysed and a high incidence of bacteraemia and septicaemia was found. Single-dose prophylactic mezlocillin was highly effective in preventing this complication. The presentation of septicaemia in mild and severe form is described and the aetiology discussed. Probable risk factors are identified and prophylactic and therapeutic measures described.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971104/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3971104
|
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] |
3,971,235 |
Preventing superficial phlebitis during infusion of crystalloid solutions in surgical patients.
|
Bass J J, Freeman J B JB, Makarewicz P P, Sproule P P, Fairfull-Smith R R
|
Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie . Vol. 28, No. 2, 1985 Mar
|
Thirty patients who received routine intravenous therapy (3.3% dextrose and 0.3% normal saline at a rate of 100 mL/h) were randomized prospectively into two groups to receive an antiphlebitic mixture of heparin-hydrocortisone-sodium bicarbonate or placebo in a double-blinded fashion for 4 to 7 days. The code was then broken and the data were analysed using chi 2 analysis with respect to the clinical grade and incidence of phlebitis. Phlebitis developed in 2 of 14 study and 10 of 16 control patients. All study patients tolerated their intravenous lines longer and needed less restarting. The antiphlebitic mixture effectively prevented superficial infusion phlebitis in patients receiving dextrose-saline solutions.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971235/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3971235
|
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] |
3,971,296 |
Experience with continuous regional chemotherapy and hepatic resection as treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal primaries. A prospective randomized study.
|
Kemeny M M MM, Goldberg D A DA, Browning S S, Metter G E GE, Miner P J PJ, Terz J J JJ
|
Cancer . Vol. 55, No. 6, 1985 Mar 15
|
Sixty-five patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal primaries were studied in a prospective randomized fashion. The five patients with solitary metastases all had resection of metastases and 50% were randomized to pump therapy. Of the 16 patients with multiple resectable metastases, 7 had pump only and 9 had resection plus pump. Although the difference was not significant, there was a trend of improved survival for the patients with resection plus pump. For the patients with unresectable disease, those patients with positive portal nodes had poor survival matching those patients with extra hepatic metastases. Patients with unresectable disease treated with pump had a 73% therapeutic response rate and a median survival of 22 months. Significant complications included chemical hepatitis and biliary stenosis. The long-term efficacy of continuous hepatic artery infusion versus the hazards of treatment and the financial cost will need further investigation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971296/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3971296
|
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] |
3,971,390 |
Vinca alkaloid-induced cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
|
Roca E E, Bruera E E, Politi P M PM, Barugel M M, Cedaro L L, Carraro S S, Chacón R D RD
|
Cancer treatment reports . Vol. 69, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
To determine the incidence of vinca alkaloid (VA)-induced cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), neoplastic patients were studied. Thirty-three of them were receiving chemotherapy regimens including VAs, and 30 were receiving chemotherapy without VA and were considered controls. Abnormal variation in blood pressure on standing, heart rate during deep breathing, and heart rate on standing was found in 27 (82%), 16 (48%), and 16 (48%) patients receiving VA versus nine (30%; P less than 0.01), three (10%; P less than 0.05), and one (P less than 0.001) controls, respectively. Of 198 tests performed, 100 were abnormal in patients receiving VA (51%) versus 33 of 180 tests in the controls (18%; P less than 0.001). Although abnormal clinical or electrocardiographic tests for CAN appeared significantly more frequently in patients who received high doses of VA (P less than 0.01), their incidence was not significantly different in patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age, in those who received doxorubicin, or in those who showed abnormal deep tendon reflexes. The consequences of VA-induced CAN might be especially important for potentially curable cancer patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971390/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3971390
|
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] |
3,971,528 |
A prospective randomized study of the clinical efficacy and safety of transvenous cardioversion for termination of ventricular tachycardia.
|
Ciccone J M JM, Saksena S S, Shah Y Y, Pantopoulos D D
|
Circulation . Vol. 71, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
The clinical efficacy and safety of transvenous cardioversion for termination of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) were examined by a prospective randomized study design in 22 patients (19 men, three women; mean age 64 +/- 9 years) with organic heart disease and sustained VT. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo an incremental low-energy protocol from 0.03 to 2.2 J (group A, 11 patients) or an incremental high-energy protocol from 0.5 to 10.0 J (group B, 11 patients). Transvenous cardioversion was performed during electrophysiologic studies in the control (drug-free) state and during serial antiarrhythmic drug testing in all patients. Both groups were comparable for demographic, disease and functional status, and electrophysiologic parameters. A total of 77 episodes of VT (group A, 45; group B, 32) were analyzed. The overall efficacy of transvenous cardioversion for termination of VT was 62% (group A 56% vs group B 72%; p less than .01). Antiarrhythmic drug therapy did not significantly enhance efficacy of transvenous cardioversion (control 59% vs drug 65%; p greater than .2). Stepwise discriminant analysis correlated successful transvenous cardioversion with longer VT cycle length (p less than .0005), higher energy (p less than .025), lower energy waveform tilt (p less than .025), shorter time to initial cardioversion attempt (p less than .025), and shorter QRS duration in sinus rhythm (p less than .05). Acceleration of VT was frequent (8% incidence per delivered shock). Thirty-one percent of all incremental shock protocols were terminated because of this complication. After cardioversion, transient arrhythmias were common (bradyarrhythmias 23%, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias 12%). Displacement of electrode catheters after transvenous cardioversion was uncommon (3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971528/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3971528
|
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3,971,650 |
Effect of flecainide on cardiac output.
|
Muhiddin K A KA, Turner P P, Blackett A A
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 37, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
The effect of intravenous flecainide (2 mg/kg) on cardiac output was evaluated by a dye dilution method in six healthy nonsmokers. The study was of a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, randomized, and balanced design. Cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume were measured 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes after the beginning of the flecainide infusion. Flecainide reduced cardiac output and stroke volume during the first 90 minutes and heart rate increased during the first 30 minutes after flecainide. Visual analog scales for alertness and dry mouth were determined 0, 10, 60, and 240 minutes after dosing. Alertness was reduced 60 minutes after flecainide, but there was no increase in dryness of the mouth.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971650/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3971650
|
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] |
3,971,651 |
Nitroprusside vs. a nitroprusside-trimethaphan mixture for induced hypotension: hemodynamic effects and cyanide release.
|
Fahmy N R NR
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 37, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Changes in hemodynamic variables and whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate concentrations associated with the infusion of sodium nitroprusside were compared with those during administration of a mixture of sodium nitroprusside (25 mg) and trimethaphan camsylate (250 mg) in a solution of 5% dextrose in water in twenty subjects who required deliberate hypotension for major orthopedic procedures. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive nitroprusside alone (group 1; n = 10) or the nitroprusside-trimethaphan mixture (group 2; n = 10). All subjects received a similar anesthetic technique, consisting of 5 mg/kg thiopental, 1 mg/kg succinylcholine, 1% halothane, 0.2 mg/kg metocurine, and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Mean arterial pressure decreased and was maintained at 55 mm Hg for 258 +/- 4 and 266 +/- 8 minutes in groups 1 and 2. Arterial hypotension was associated with a rise in cardiac output and heart rate in group 1 but not in group 2. Subjects in group 2 required less nitroprusside than did those in group 1 (1.39 +/- 0.3 and 5.82 +/- 0.63 micrograms/kg/min) because of the synergistic or additive action of the combination. After 4 hours of hypotension, the whole blood cyanide level rose from 3.5 +/- 1.1 to 96.6 +/- 14.0 micrograms/dl (1.35 +/- 0.27 to 37.2 +/- 5.4 mumol/L) in group 1 and from 3.7 +/- 1.1 to 22.7 +/- 4.2 micrograms/dl (1.42 +/- 0.4 to 8.7 +/- 1.6 mumol/L) in group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971651/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3971651
|
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] |
3,971,659 |
Mechanism of increased plasma urea after diuretic therapy in uraemic patients.
|
Dal Canton A A, Fuiano G G, Conte G G, Terribile M M, Sabbatini M M, Cianciaruso B B, Andreucci V E VE
|
Clinical science (London, England : 1979) . Vol. 68, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
To clarify why diuretic therapy raises plasma urea in patients with chronic renal failure, three groups of uraemic subjects were treated with frusemide for 6 days. In group 1 (n = 9), frusemide significantly decreased body weight and increased average plasma urea from 18.7 mmol/l to 28.8 mmol/l (P less than 0.001). this rise in plasma urea was secondary to reduced urea excretion, which occurred in spite of an increase in urea filtration. In group 2 (n = 7), frusemide was associated with salt replacement, in order to prevent salt depletion; in these patients neither reduction in urea excretion nor increase in plasma urea occurred. In group 3 (n = 10), the marked diuretic-induced fall in urea clearance was found to be independent of enhanced proximal tubular reabsorption (measured in water diuresis). These results show that the rise in plasma urea is due to increased tubular reabsorption of urea, presumably in the distal part of the nephron, secondary to extracellular fluid (ECF) volume depletion.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971659/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3971659
|
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] |
3,971,673 |
Mass and composition of the fat-free tissues of patients with weight-loss.
|
Burkinshaw L L, Morgan D B DB
|
Clinical science (London, England : 1979) . Vol. 68, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
An estimate of the mass of fat-free tissue in the body can be calculated from body weight and skinfold thickness; this estimate is called the 'fat-free mass'. Total body potassium and nitrogen are alternative estimates. Factor analysis of data for healthy subjects has defined relationships between the true values of these three quantities and estimated the random component of the variance of each, i.e. the component independent of variations in the mass of fat-free tissue. The results indicated that all three were reliable measures of the mass of fat-free tissue. However, it is not known whether these findings are valid for patients who have lost weight. We have measured the same three quantities in 104 wasted patients with heart disease or disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The patients' mean values were significantly less than corresponding values for healthy volunteers. The patients had a mean ratio of total body nitrogen to fat-free mass similar to that of healthy subjects, but lower mean ratios of potassium to fat-free mass and nitrogen. These findings suggest that the potassium content of the patients' fat-free tissues was abnormally low. Factor analysis of the patients' data gave relationships between the true values of the three quantities similar to those for healthy subjects; however, total body potassium was 100-300 mmol lower in patients than in healthy subjects with the same fat-free mass or total body nitrogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971673/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3971673
|
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] |
3,971,682 |
Efficacy of patient-controlled versus conventional analgesia for postoperative pain.
|
Bollish S J SJ, Collins C L CL, Kirking D M DM, Bartlett R H RH
|
Clinical pharmacy . Vol. 4, No. 1
|
Patient-controlled i.v. administration and intramuscular administration of morphine sulfate were compared in a crossover study to determine their relative effectiveness in relieving postoperative pain. Twenty adult patients scheduled for abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to one of two groups; one group received i.v. morphine sulfate for 24 hours using a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device, after which they were given morphine sulfate i.m. for 24 hours. The treatment order was reversed for the other group. Amount of narcotic administered, respiratory rate, and levels of discomfort, activity, and sedation were assessed by the nursing staff every two hours. At the end of each 24-hour treatment phase, patients ranked their level of pain, amount of pain relief, level of sedation, ability to sleep, and ability to perform pulmonary toilet. Patients were also asked whether they preferred PCA or i.m. analgesic therapy for future surgery. Patients reported significantly less discomfort while using PCA than during i.m. morphine administration. No significant differences in amount of narcotic used, respiratory rate, nausea and vomiting, or levels of activity or sedation were noted for the two regimens. Patients' rankings of the two treatment modes did not differ significantly, but a majority of patients indicated a preference for future use of PCA. In these postoperative patients, administration of i.v. morphine sulfate by PCA was as safe as i.m. administration and possibly more effective in relieving pain.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971682/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3971682
|
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] |
3,971,683 |
Analgesia with oral narcotics and added ibuprofen in cancer patients.
|
Weingart W A WA, Sorkness C A CA, Earhart R H RH
|
Clinical pharmacy . Vol. 4, No. 1
|
A scheduled regimen of oral narcotic analgesics was compared with a regimen of oral narcotic analgesics plus ibuprofen for analgesic efficacy in patients with cancer. Ten patients with metastatic cancer were randomly assigned to receive either ibuprofen 400 mg or a look-alike placebo four times daily in addition to each patient's existing regimen of scheduled oral narcotics. A two-period changeover study design was used. The 24-hour narcotic intake equated to injectable morphine was computed for each patient at baseline and during the nine study days. A visual analogue scale was used to evaluate pain relief, nausea, mood depression, daytime drowsiness and nighttime sleeplessness. The analgesic efficacy of the narcotic-ibuprofen combination was significantly greater than the analgesic efficacy of the narcotic-placebo combination. Eight patients demonstrated a positive treatment effect with added ibuprofen; the overall improvement in analgesia averaged 39.1% in these patients. There was no significant increase from baseline in the incidence of nausea, mood depression, daytime drowsiness or nighttime sleeplessness. At the doses used in this study, a treatment regimen of oral narcotic analgesics plus ibuprofen was more effective than oral narcotics alone in relieving pain associated with cancer.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971683/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3971683
|
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] |
3,972,231 |
Recombinant leukocyte a interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Pharmacokinetics, tolerance, and biologic effects.
|
Omata M M, Imazeki F F, Yokosuka O O, Ito Y Y, Uchiumi K K, Mori J J, Okuda K K
|
Gastroenterology . Vol. 88, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
Large doses of recombinant leukocyte A interferon were administered to 20 patients with deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase- and hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B to study the maximum tolerated dose, its pharmacokinetics, and its antiviral activity. The first group of 5 patients received a constant dose of 36 X 10(6) U/day for 28 consecutive days. When it was well tolerated, the second, third, and fourth groups (5 patients each) received 50, 72, and 100 X 10(6) U/day, respectively. All 20 patients completed the 28-day treatment. Hourly and daily profile of serum interferon level showed a dose-dependent effect with an increasing dosage, and cumulative effects during the treatment. The mean peak serum interferon concentration ranged from 93 U/ml on day 1 in the first group to 1271 U/ml on day 28 in the fourth group. Inhibition of serum deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity and hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid during the treatment was compared between the groups with low doses (36 and 50 X 10(6) U) and high doses (72 and 100 X 10(6) U). Low doses of interferon suppressed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity to the same extent as did the high doses. Prednisolone withdrawal was combined with interferon in 5 patients. Three patients treated with such combination became seronegative for hepatitis B e antigen during the treatment, whereas all 15 with interferon alone remained seropositive. These results suggest that a maximum antiviral effect of recombinant leukocyte A interferon is below the maximum tolerated doses.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972231/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3972231
|
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] |
3,972,526 |
Iohexol and metrizamide for urography in infants and children.
|
Stake G G, Smevik B B
|
Investigative radiology . Vol. 20, No. 1 Suppl
|
The new nonionic contrast medium iohexol, was compared with metrizamide in a double blind investigation. Urography was performed in 40 children below 6 years of age. Adverse reactions were negligible. A small decrease in erythrocyte volume fraction (hematocrit) values after the injection was found in both groups. Excellent films were obtained in most patients and no difference in diagnostic quality between the two media was observed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972526/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3972526
|
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] |
3,972,529 |
Contrast enhanced brain CT comparison between iohexol and metrizoate.
|
Holtås S S, Cronqvist S S, Renaa T T
|
Investigative radiology . Vol. 20, No. 1 Suppl
|
The commonly used contrast medium metrizoate (Isopaque Cerebral) or the new nonionic iohexol was injected intravenously for enhancement of cranial CT in a randomized double blind study. Each group consisted of 105 patients. No serious reactions occurred. Ten patients receiving metrizoate had minor reactions of mainly allergic type, whereas only one patient receiving iohexol reacted. No differences in enhancement efficiency could be observed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972529/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3972529
|
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] |
3,972,525 |
Iohexol vs. diatrizoate. A comparative study in intravenous urography.
|
Rankin R N RN, Eng F W FW
|
Investigative radiology . Vol. 20, No. 1 Suppl
|
A randomized double-blind study comparing the use of iohexol with diatrizoate in intravenous urography was performed in 435 patients in nine centers. Contrast media were evaluated for safety, incidence of adverse side effects, and efficacy. Multiple hematologic and biochemical parameters were observed, as well as blood pressure and pulse, at intervals before and after injection. Severity, nature, and duration of side effects were recorded together with the attending physician's clinical assessment. Coned radiographs of the kidneys were done immediately after injection and were repeated at 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-minute intervals. Films were evaluated for quality of image. A significantly higher number of excellent studies were obtained with iohexol than with diatrizoate. Remarkably few side effects and adverse reactions reported for iohexol establish the safety and suitability of this nonionic contrast medium for intravenous urography.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972525/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3972525
|
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3,972,652 |
Benznidazole with CCNU: a clinical phase I toxicity study.
|
Roberts J T JT, Bleehen N M NM
|
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics . Vol. 11, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
It has been shown in a variety of model systems that benznidazole (BENZO) is capable of enhancing the cytotoxicity of a number of drugs, including nitrosoureas. We report an escalating dose toxicity study of the combination of BENZO and CCNU on 34 patients in whom the usual clinical dose of CCNU (130 mg/m2) was given together with escalating doses of BENZO (up to a maximum dose of 40 mg/kg). We have observed no BENZO-related toxicity and no evidence that, in the dose range studied, BENZO enhances the gastrointestinal or hematological toxicity of CCNU. It is possible to administer the usual dose of CCNU together with doses of BENZO that can be shown to have a clear effect on the pharmacokinetics of CCNU and which might be expected, from the results of animal experiments, to produce enhancement of its cytotoxicity. A Phase III study of the combination is in progress.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972652/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3972652
|
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] |
3,972,657 |
A comparison between low dose rate radiotherapy and conventionally fractionated irradiation in moderately extensive cancers of the oropharynx.
|
Pierquin B B, Calitchi E E, Mazeron J J JJ, Le Bourgeois J P JP, Leung S S
|
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics . Vol. 11, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
We report the comparative results for local tumor control between two groups of patients treated by radiotherapy fractionated in a conventional manner at normal high dose rate (29 patients with 2 years minimum follow-up and 24 patients with 3 years minimum follow-up) and by low dose rate radiotherapy (19 patients with 2 years minimum follow-up, 14 patients with 3 years minimum follow-up) with moderately extensive cancers of the oropharynx (T2b-T3a, 3-5 cm in diameter). At 2 and 3 years follow-up, the number of local recurrences in the patients treated with low dose rate radiotherapy is half (26 and 21%) that for those treated with conventionally fractionated radiation at normal high dose rates (52 and 54%). These results require more rigorous confirmation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972657/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3972657
|
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] |
3,972,658 |
Californium-252 interstitial implants in carcinoma of the tongue.
|
Vtyurin B M BM, Ivanov V N VN, Medvedev V S VS, Galantseva G F GF, Abdulkadyrov S A SA, Ivanova L F LF, Petrovskaya G A GA, Plichko V I VI
|
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics . Vol. 11, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
A clinical study using 252Cf sources in brachytherapy of tumors began in the Research Institute of Medical Radiology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR in 1973. 252Cf afterloading cells were utilized by the method of simple afterloading. Dosimetry and radiation protection of medical personnel were developed. To substantiate optimal therapeutic doses of 252Cf neutrons, a correlation of dose, time, and treatment volume factors with clinical results of 252Cf interstitial implants in carcinoma of the tongue for 47 patients with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year was studied. Forty-nine interstitial implants have been performed. Seventeen patients received 252Cf implants alone (Group I), 17 other patients received 252Cf implants in combination with external radiation (Group II), and 15 patients were treated with interstitial implants for recurrent or residual tumors (Group III). Complete regression of carcinoma of the tongue was obtained in 48 patients (98%). Recurrences occurred in 1 patient (6%) in Group I, 6 patients (35%) in Group II, and 5 patients (33%) in Group III. Thirteen patients (27%) developed radiation necrosis. The therapeutic dose of neutron radiation from 252Cf sources in interstitial radiotherapy of primary tongue carcinomas (Group I) was found to be 7 to 9 Gy. Optimal therapeutic neutron dose in combined interstitial and external radiotherapy of primary tumors (Group II) was 5 to 6 Gy with an external radiation dose of 40 Gy. For recurrent and residual tumors (Group III), favorable results were obtained with tumor doses of 6.5 to 7 Gy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972658/
|
[
"Case Reports",
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3972658
|
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