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3,972,929 |
Hypnotherapy as a treatment for enuresis.
|
Edwards S D SD, van der Spuy H I HI
|
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines . Vol. 26, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
The main objective of this study was to provide an adequately controlled experimental and clinical study to assess the efficacy of hypnotherapy in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Subjects were 48 nocturnal enuretic boys, aged 8-13 yr. Treatment consisted of six standardized sessions, one hourly session per subject per week. Results indicated that hypnotherapy was significantly effective over 6 months in decreasing nocturnal enuresis, compared with both pretreatment baseline enuresis frequency and no-treatment controls. It also suggested that trance induction was not a necessary prerequisite for success. Comparison with other methods of treatment provided evidence that hypnotherapy was an effective alternative or adjunctive form of treatment for enuresis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972929/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3972929
|
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3,972,954 |
Systematic bias in recording the history in patients with chest pain.
|
Hickam D H DH, Sox H C HC, Sox C H CH
|
Journal of chronic diseases . Vol. 38, No. 1, 1985
|
Because of its central importance in medical diagnosis, sources of bias in the patient history must be identified. We report here a study of interobserver agreement in chest pain histories. Histories were obtained by physicians, nurse practitioners, and self-administered questionnaires. We used a discriminant rule to classify the histories as being more or less typical of angina pectoris. A sub-group of the subjects underwent coronary arteriography after the histories were obtained. In subjects with positive coronary arteriograms, physicians consistently obtained histories typical of angina pectoris more often than a self-administered questionnaire. There was no significant systematic bias when comparing physician interviews to the questionnaire among subjects with negative arteriograms nor when comparing two physicians' interviews or a nurse practitioner interview to a questionnaire. When compared to physician interviews, nurse practitioner interviews produced histories less typical of angina pectoris. We conclude that there are systematic differences between the histories obtained by physicians, nurse practitioners, and self-administered questionnaires. Questionnaires can produce biased patient histories and should be carefully validated before being used in patient care activities or health care research.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972954/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
3972954
|
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] |
3,973,042 |
Meaning of the Repression-Sensitization scale: defensive style or self-report of symptoms of psychopathology.
|
Budd E C EC, Clopton J R JR
|
Journal of clinical psychology . Vol. 41, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Two studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that the Repression-Sensitization (R-S) scale assesses self-reported symptoms of psychopathology. In Study 1, 42 subjects were assigned randomly to groups that received differing instructions on the extent to which they should report experiencing distress and reveal personal problems. This manipulation produced highly significant group differences and accounted for most of the variability in R-S scale scores. In Study 2, R-S scale scores and scores of the Health Opinion Survey were correlated in a sample of 100 subjects. The high correlation obtained for these two measures suggests that both measures assess the same dimension, i.e., self-report of symptoms of psychopathology. The results of these studies indicate that the R-S scale is influenced so powerfully by self-report of symptoms of psychopathology that its usefulness in assessing repression-sensitization is questionable.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3973042/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3973042
|
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3,973,067 |
Amitriptyline in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
|
Biederman J J, Herzog D B DB, Rivinus T M TM, Harper G P GP, Ferber R A RA, Rosenbaum J F JF, Harmatz J S JS, Tondorf R R, Orsulak P J PJ, Schildkraut J J JJ
|
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology . Vol. 5, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
The tricyclic antidepressant drug amitriptyline was evaluated as a short-term treatment of anorexia nervosa patients. In a 5-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study 11 patients were given amitriptyline and 14 received placebo. In addition, 18 patients who refused to participate in the drug trial and received only psychosocial treatment were used as an additional comparison group. Overall, patients in the three groups showed little improvement. No statistically significant differences favoring amitriptyline were found in any of the outcome variables. Plasma levels varied widely among patients receiving similar doses. No association was found between plasma levels and improvement in either psychiatric symptomatology or weight. Amitriptyline patients did not manifest any tendency for a reduction of depressive symptomatology. In addition, amitriptyline treatment was associated with substantial discomfort and adverse affects.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3973067/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3973067
|
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] |
3,973,246 |
A comparison of the effects of child management and planned activities training in five parenting environments.
|
Sanders M R MR, Christensen A P AP
|
Journal of abnormal child psychology . Vol. 13, No. 1, 1985 Mar
|
This study compared the effects of two procedures designed to enhance the extratraining effects of behavioral parent training. Twenty parents of oppositional children were randomly assigned to either a child management training condition or a combined child management plus planned activities condition. A further 10 nonproblem children and their parents served as a social validation group. Observations of both parent and child behavior were conducted in each of five home observation settings (breakfast time, kindy (kindergarten) or school exit, a structured playtime, bathtime, and bedtime). Both training procedures resulted in changes in both child oppositional and parent aversive behavior in all observation settings. In addition, desired positive parenting behaviors also improved in all settings. Treatment effects were maintained in all settings at 3-month follow-up. Comparisons between oppositional children following treatment and children in the social validation group showed that they each displayed similarly low levels of oppositional behavior in all settings. The implications of the results for facilitating generalized changes in behavioral parent training are discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3973246/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3973246
|
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] |
3,973,293 |
Value of two-dimensional echocardiography in evaluating coronary artery disease: a randomized blinded analysis.
|
Chen Y Z YZ, Sherrid M V MV, Dwyer E M EM
|
Journal of the American College of Cardiology . Vol. 5, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
Two-dimensional echocardiography at rest was used to analyze segmental wall motion abnormalities for detecting coronary artery disease in patients with and without a history of myocardial infarction. One hundred twenty-five echocardiograms were analyzed in a randomized, blinded fashion. They were obtained from 55 consecutive patients found to have significant coronary artery disease at angiography, 59 consecutive normal subjects and 11 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The overall sensitivity of two-dimensional echocardiography was relatively low at 67%. However, specificity was 99%. The sensitivity was higher in patients with past myocardial infarction than in those without myocardial infarction (81 versus 42%), as expected. Echocardiography can detect segmental wall motion abnormalities in some patients with coronary artery disease and no overt prior myocardial infarction. This was highlighted by nine such patients with coronary artery disease and no prior myocardial infarction or electrocardiographic Q waves who were found to have segmental wall motion abnormalities. A semiquantitative, two-dimensional echocardiographic segmental wall motion score was derived for 47 patients and was correlated with angiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.71). This score differentiated patients with a normal ejection fraction (greater than 50%) from those with a depressed ejection fraction (less than 50%): 1.1 +/- 1.6 versus 6.9 +/- 3.1 (p less than 0.001). Almost all patients (92%) with an echocardiographic score of five or more had an abnormal ejection fraction of less than 50%. In patients with chronic congestive heart failure, the echocardiogram separated those with dilated cardiomyopathy from those with coronary artery disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3973293/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3973293
|
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] |
3,973,309 |
Evaluation of immediate adverse reactions to foods in adult patients. I. Correlation of demographic, laboratory, and prick skin test data with response to controlled oral food challenge.
|
Atkins F M FM, Steinberg S S SS, Metcalfe D D DD
|
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology . Vol. 75, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Forty-five adult patients, referred to here as the index population, with a history of immediate adverse reactions after food ingestion were evaluated by history, physical examination, laboratory studies, and skin testing. Fifty-six percent of these patients reported adverse reactions to only one food, whereas 84% of the patients reported up to three foods as being capable of eliciting reactions. The average age obtained by history at which adverse reactions began to occur was 19 4/5 yr. The occurrence of these reactions persisted over an average of 14 4/5 yr. Most reactions involved the gastrointestinal tract alone or in combination with the skin or respiratory tract. The most frequently involved foods were shellfish, peanuts, eggs, fish, tomatoes, and walnuts. Twenty-five of the patients participated in oral challenge with the suspected food. The food challenge was positive in 10 patients. Comparison of information obtained by history including personal or family history of any other allergic disease, age of onset of sensitivity, the length of time of suspected sensitivity in years, and the number of foods to which the sensitivity was believed to exist revealed no significant differences between food challenge-positive (FC+) and food challenge-negative (FC-) patients. However, a significant difference in the reaction patterns reported by history in the FC+ and FC- patients was noted in that FC+ patients more often described reactions in which a combination of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and dermatologic symptoms occurred. The complete blood count with differential, blood chemistries, and serum immunoglobulin levels were similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3973309/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3973309
|
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] |
3,973,310 |
Evaluation of immediate adverse reactions to foods in adult patients. II. A detailed analysis of reaction patterns during oral food challenge.
|
Atkins F M FM, Steinberg S S SS, Metcalfe D D DD
|
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology . Vol. 75, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Eighty-three oral food challenges were performed on 25 patients with a history of immediate adverse reaction to foods. Seventy-one food challenges were performed in 24 patients, whereas 12 placebos were administered to nine patients. Of the 71 food challenges observed, 12 were positive in 10 patients. All challenges with placebo were negative. Doses of challenge foods provoking observable reactions ranged from 5 to 100 gm. The clinical signs and symptoms noted on food challenge reproduced those reported by history. Reactions were mild, generally self-limited, and were not accompanied by elevations in urinary histamine. A plasma histamine elevation was observed in one patient. A 10- to 12-mo follow-up survey of nine patients with negative food challenges revealed that six patients had resumed eating the challenge food on a regular basis without experiencing adverse reactions, whereas three patients continued to avoid the challenge food. All 10 patients with positive food challenges continued to avoid the challenge food.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3973310/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3973310
|
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] |
3,973,383 |
Antibody response and persistence in volunteers following immunization with varying dosages of a trivalent surface antigen influenza virus vaccine.
|
Jennings R R, Smith T L TL, Mellersh A R AR, Clark A A, Spencer R C RC, Potter C W CW
|
The Journal of hygiene . Vol. 94, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
The serum antibody responses and 50% protective levels (PL50) of antibody were determined, using the SRH test, at one and twelve months post-vaccination in a group of student volunteers immunized with one of three dosages of a trivalent surface-antigen influenza virus vaccine, or with placebo. It was found that, for the H3, H1 and B haemagglutinin components present in the vaccine, a dose of 6 micrograms HA elicited high serum antibody responses at one month post-immunization. High mean antibody levels and a high incidence of volunteers with PL50 values of antibody against each of the HA components of the vaccine remained in the volunteer group twelve months later. The results are discussed in relation to the vaccine dosage used and the nature of the population immunized.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3973383/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3973383
|
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] |
3,973,648 |
Treatment of locally unresectable cancer of the stomach and pancreas: a randomized comparison of 5-fluorouracil alone with radiation plus concurrent and maintenance 5-fluorouracil--an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study.
|
Klaassen D J DJ, MacIntyre J M JM, Catton G E GE, Engstrom P F PF, Moertel C G CG
|
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology . Vol. 3, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
One hundred ninety-one patients with pathologically confirmed, locally unresectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach (57 patients) and pancreas (91 patients), were randomly allocated to therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone, 600 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) once weekly, or radiation therapy, 4,000 rad, plus adjuvant 5-FU, 600 mg/m2 IV, the first three days of radiotherapy, then follow-up maintenance 5-FU, 600 mg/m2, weekly. Forty-three patients (22%) could not be analyzed because of ineligibility or cancellation, thus 148 patients were evaluable. The median survival time was similar for both treatment programs and for both types of primary carcinoma, and was as follows: gastric primary carcinoma, 5-FU, 9.3 months; 5-FU plus radiotherapy, 8.2 months; pancreatic primary carcinoma, 5-FU, 8.2 months; 5-FU plus radiotherapy, 8.3 months. Substantially more toxicity was experienced by patients treated with the combined modality arm than by those patients receiving 5-FU alone. Severe or worse toxicity experienced by patients with gastric primary carcinoma treated by 5-FU was 19%, and the combined modality arm was 31%. The toxicity experienced by patients with pancreatic primary carcinoma treated with 5-FU was 27%, and the combined modality arm was 51%. Significant prognostic variables included: weight loss in stomach-cancer patients; and performance status, degree of anaplasia, and reduced appetite in pancreas-cancer patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3973648/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3973648
|
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] |
3,973,786 |
Effective short-term diazepam prophylaxis in febrile convulsions.
|
Knudsen F U FU
|
The Journal of pediatrics . Vol. 106, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
The efficacy of short-term diazepam prophylaxis in febrile convulsions was evaluated in a prospective, controlled study. A total of 289 consecutive children admitted with their first febrile seizure were randomized into two groups. One group received short-term prophylaxis for 18 months with rectally administered diazepam in solution whenever the temperature was greater than or equal to 38.5 degrees C. The control group received no prophylaxis, but diazepam rectally in the event of new seizures. The short-term prophylaxis, a mean of five doses of diazepam per child per year, afforded effective seizure control; the 18-month recurrence rate was reduced from 39% to 12% (P less than 0.001), the total number of recurrences from 77 to 23 (P less than 0.001), the long-lasting recurrences from 5.0% to 0.7% (P less than 0.05). The risk of subsequent epilepsy within the first 2 years was the same, regardless of receiving prophylaxis (3%) or not (3%); it was low after simple febrile convulsions (no cases of epilepsy in 230 children) but considerable after complex febrile seizures (20%) or seizures associated with severe interictal EEG abnormalities (50%).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3973786/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3973786
|
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] |
3,974,051 |
Assessment of double-blindness at the conclusion of the beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial.
|
Byington R P RP, Curb J D JD, Mattson M E ME
|
JAMA . Vol. 253, No. 12
|
At the conclusion of a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial of propranolol hydrochloride, but before unblinding, the patients and clinic personnel were asked to guess the treatment group assignment of each patient. While 79.9% of the patients receiving propranolol correctly identified their treatment group assignment, 57.2% of the patients receiving placebo incorrectly guessed that they were also in the propranolol group. No specific mechanism was identified to explain why more patients receiving propranolol were better able to guess their group assignment. Clinic physicians correctly identified the group assignment of 69.9% of the patients receiving propranolol and 68.8% of the patients receiving placebo. Clinic coordinators correctly identified the group assignment of 67.1% of the patients receiving propranolol and 70.6% of the patients receiving placebo. For clinic personnel, heart rate level and heart rate change seem to be the mechanisms employed to identify their patients' treatment assignment.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3974051/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3974051
|
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] |
3,974,097 |
Comparison of the acute cardiopulmonary effects of oral albuterol, metaproterenol, and terbutaline in asthmatics.
|
Wolfe J D JD, Yamate M M, Biedermann A A AA, Chu T J TJ
|
JAMA . Vol. 253, No. 14, 1985 Apr 12
|
The acute cardiopulmonary effects of oral albuterol, 4 mg, metaproterenol sulfate, 20 mg, and terbutaline sulfate, 5 mg, were compared over eight hours in 20 moderate to severe asthmatics. The magnitude and time course of bronchodilation following albuterol and terbutaline were comparable. Albuterol and terbutaline had a duration of action of at least eight hours and produced significantly greater bronchodilation than metaproterenol from six to eight hours. Metaproterenol produced a greater degree of bronchodilation than albuterol and terbutaline 30 minutes after drug dosing. Significantly fewer patients receiving albuterol experienced one or more central nervous system or musculoskeletal side effects than patients receiving terbutaline. These findings imply possible therapeutic advantages of oral albuterol and terbutaline with respect to dosing frequency, while the more rapid onset of oral metaproterenol suggests that it may have an advantage when used on an as-needed basis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3974097/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3974097
|
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] |
3,974,116 |
Thermodilution cardiac output measurement. Effects of the respiratory cycle on its reproducibility.
|
Stevens J H JH, Raffin T A TA, Mihm F G FG, Rosenthal M H MH, Stetz C W CW
|
JAMA . Vol. 253, No. 15, 1985 Apr 19
|
Thermodilution cardiac output measurements are commonly employed in the management of critically ill patients. Serial measurements often show significant variation, and poor reproducibility limits their clinical utility. There are no clinical studies revealing when to perform thermodilution cardiac output measurements in relation to the respiratory cycle. We prospectively studied 32 patients in a randomized scheme comparing three thermodilution cardiac output measurements at peak-inspiration, at end-exhalation, or randomly in spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated patients. Saline injections initiated at peak-inspiration or end-exhalation resulted in cardiac output measurements with much smaller standard deviations than those seen with random injections. Thermodilution cardiac output measurements performed at random times in the respiratory cycle should be avoided, and we recommend initiating these measurements at end-exhalation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3974116/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3974116
|
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] |
3,974,451 |
The effects of exercise and weight loss on plasma lipids in young obese men.
|
Sopko G G, Leon A S AS, Jacobs D R DR, Foster N N, Moy J J, Kuba K K, Anderson J T JT, Casal D D, McNally C C, Frantz I I
|
Metabolism: clinical and experimental . Vol. 34, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
We studied the independent and combined effects of exercise training and weight loss on blood lipids under fixed diet and exercise conditions. Twenty-one obese sedentary men were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: (1) inactive and constant weight (control), (2) exercise training and constant weight, (3) inactive and weight loss, and (4) exercise training and weight loss. There were three study periods: a 3 week baseline period inactive and on an isocaloric diet, a 12 week treatment period, and a 3 week weight stabilization period. Exercise consisted of treadmill walking at an energy cost of 3500 kcal/wk for groups 2 and 4 with replacement caloric intake only in group 2. Group 3 reduced caloric intake by 3500 kcal/wk during the treatment period. Weight loss for groups 3 and 4 were 13.4 pounds and 13.7 pounds, respectively. Maximal oxygen uptake (mL/min) increased 6% in both exercise groups (2 and 4), and percent body fat decreased only in these groups. Regression analysis by group assignment on HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) showed that the inactivity-weight loss modality (group 3) and the exercise-constant weight modality (group 2) each significantly increased HDL-C, with an additive effect of exercise and weight loss (group 4). The rate of HDL-C change differed significantly between groups (P = 0.01). HDL-C increased 0.63, 0.61, and 1.89 mg/dL per 3 weeks or 2%, 2.4%, and 5.5% above baseline levels in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively, while the control group decreased 0.11 mg/dL. Plasma triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol increased with exercise at constant weight (group 2) and decreased with exercise associated with weight loss (group 4). In conclusion, exercise and weight loss separately and independently increase HDL-C, and their effects are additive.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3974451/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3974451
|
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] |
3,974,797 |
Theophylline affects sleep-wake state development in premature infants.
|
Thoman E B EB, Davis D H DH, Raye J R JR, Philipps A F AF, Rowe J C JC, Denenberg V H VH
|
Neuropediatrics . Vol. 16, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
This study investigated the prolonged effects on state behavior of theophylline administered to infants for apnea of prematurity. There were three groups: Four premature infants who had received theophylline in the preterm period, five premature infants who had not received theophylline, and twenty-eight normal fullterm infants. The Theophylline infants had been off the drug for at least one month prior to the beginning of the study. Sleep-wake states were observed in the home for seven-hour periods when all infants were the same corrected ages: two, three, four and five weeks post-term. Data from the portion of the day that the infants were alone were analysed for this study. The state organization of the Theophylline group differed significantly from those of the other groups. They exhibited more non-alert waking activity, more alert, more drowse or transition, and less active sleep than did the Non-Theophylline and Fullterm infants. The state distributions of the latter two groups did not differ. On the basis of similarities between the results of this study and of a previous animal study, it was concluded that theophylline altered the normal development of state organization in premature infants. These effects persisted long after the drug had cleared the body.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3974797/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3974797
|
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] |
3,974,889 |
Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: double-blind controlled study of plasmapheresis in patients taking immunosuppressive drugs.
|
Khatri B O BO, McQuillen M P MP, Harrington G J GJ, Schmoll D D, Hoffmann R G RG
|
Neurology . Vol. 35, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Fifty-four patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis received prednisone plus oral low-dose cyclophosphamide and either true plasmapheresis (PP) or "sham" PP weekly for 20 weeks in a double-blind controlled study. Immunosuppressive drug therapy alone (sham PP group, n = 29) was associated with improvement (greater than or equal to one step in Kurtzke Disability Status Scale [DSS]; mean change of 1.5) in 8 and stabilization of MS in 18 patients, with this status sustained in 23 patients at follow-up, 11 months after entry. In contrast, 14 of 26 patients who received "true" PP improved (greater than or equal to one step in DSS; mean change of 2.6), and 11 more were stable, with these changes sustained in 23 of 26 patients at follow-up. These differences, overall, between the PP and sham PP groups were significant at p less than 0.007.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3974889/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3974889
|
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] |
3,975,045 |
An analysis of visual performance with soft contact lens and spectacle correction.
|
Tomlinson A A, Mann G G
|
Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) . Vol. 5, No. 1, 1985
|
This study compares, under controlled conditions and by rigorous statistical analysis, the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) measured with soft-lens and spectacle correction, attempting to resolve the conflicting reports in the literature. Ten non-astigmatic ametropic subjects had the CSF measured at eight spatial frequencies with the two types of visual correction. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant effects for subjects, stimuli and type of visual correction, statistically superior performance being obtained with soft lenses. However, the actual difference in the CSF for the two forms of correction was small (0.14 log units) and not clinically significant. Comparison of the average CSF for the three highest and lowest spatial frequencies tested revealed a significant advantage in using higher spatial frequencies in the determination of statistical differences in the CSF obtained with different types of visual correction.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975045/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975045
|
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] |
3,975,120 |
Bilirubin photoisomerization in premature neonates under low- and high-dose phototherapy.
|
Costarino A T AT, Ennever J F JF, Baumgart S S, Speck W T WT, Paul M M, Polin R A RA
|
Pediatrics . Vol. 75, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Photoisomerization of native bilirubin to more polar configurational isomers (Z,E-bilirubin) and structural isomers (lumirubin) was studied in 20 premature infants with physiologic jaundice to determine the effect of low-dose (6 microW/cm2/nm) v high-dose (12 microW/cm2/nm) phototherapy. Patients were assigned prospectively to receive either low- or high-dose treatment. Study groups were comparable with regard to birth weight, gestational age, and total bilirubin prior to the initiation of phototherapy. Treatment was administered with white light produced by a commercially available halogen-tungsten lamp. Dose was measured periodically during the study to ensure a uniform distribution of irradiance and constant exposure. Sera for photoisomers were obtained before initiation of treatment and at two, four, and eight hours. Photoisomers expressed as a percent of total bilirubin were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Serum proportion of both configurational and structural isomers increased with the duration of phototherapy in both treatment groups. There was no significant difference between the percent of configurational isomers in low- and high-dose phototherapy groups. However, high-dose treatment produced a significantly higher proportion of the structural isomer lumirubin after four hours (0.7% low dose v 1.3% high dose, P less than .05). These data confirm that phototherapy results in both configurational and structural isomerization of bilirubin in vivo. Furthermore, the previously described "dose" effect of phototherapy may be attributed to the production of the structural isomer, lumirubin.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975120/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3975120
|
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] |
3,975,255 |
Minimization of gastric damage with enteric-coated aspirin granules compared to buffered aspirin.
|
Anslow J A JA, Balm T K TK, Hooper J W JW, Szego P P, Wagner G S GS
|
Pharmacology . Vol. 30, No. 1, 1985
|
This study involved a randomized parallel groups comparison of the effects of aspirin formulated as enteric-coated granules (25 subjects) or as buffered tablets (26 subjects) with that of a lactose placebo (5 subjects), on the gastric and duodenal mucosa, as determined by endoscopic examination 2 h after a fasting single 975-mg dose. A grading scale of 0 (no damage) to 4 (severe damage) was used. The granule formulation produced a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) lower severity (mean 0.40 +/- 0.58 vs. 3.00 +/- 0.94) and incidence (36% of subjects vs. 100%) of gastric lesions than the buffered aspirin formulation. None of the lesions produced by the granule formulation or the placebo was considered clinically significant by the blinded endoscopist, whereas 17 subjects on the buffered formulation (65%) had clinically meaningful stomach damage. The incidence of duodenal lesions was minimal and comparable for the two formulations.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975255/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975255
|
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] |
3,975,326 |
Menstrual cycle symptomatology: the role of social expectancy and experimental demand characteristics.
|
AuBuchon P G PG, Calhoun K S KS
|
Psychosomatic medicine . Vol. 47, No. 1
|
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of experimental demand characteristics and social expectancies on the report and experience of presumed menstrual cycle-related moods and symptoms. Participating in the study were 18 healthy women with regular menstrual cycles who were randomly assigned to either a group told that menstrual cycle symptomatology was the focus of the study or a group to which no interest in menstrual cycle symptoms was communicated. Nine males were also included as a control group. Results indicated that women who were informed of the interest in menstrual cycle symptomatology reported significantly more negative psychologic and somatic symptoms at the premenstrual and menstrual phases than did the women and men not so informed. It appears, therefore, that the report of stereotypic menstrual cycle symptomatology is influenced by social expectancy and experimental demand characteristics.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975326/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975326
|
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] |
3,975,430 |
Effect of a hydantoin prostaglandin analogue, BW245C, during oral dosing in man.
|
Al-Sinawi L A LA, Mekki Q A QA, Hassan S S, Hedges A A, Burke C C, Moody S G SG, O'Grady J J
|
Prostaglandins . Vol. 29, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Following an open pilot study, the effects of repeated oral doses of BW245C, a hydantoin prostaglandin analogue, were studied in man. Six healthy volunteers received 150 micrograms BW245C or placebo 6-hourly for 5 days according to a double blind randomised balanced design with 7 days interval between treatments. Measurements of headache, facial flushing, heart rate, blood pressure, systolic time intervals, ECG, platelet aggregation responses to ADP and of subjective effects were made before and 1 and 3 h after the first dose of BW245C/placebo on days 1, 3 and 5 of dosing. BW245C produced significantly (p less than 0.05) higher headache scores than placebo on days 3 and 5; facial flushing, nasal stuffiness and abdominal discomfort were more frequent on BW245C than placebo. Heart rate, derived from the ECG, was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher and pre-ejection period significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter on BW245C at 1 h after dosing on each day. Left ventricular ejection time index, QS2 index, PR interval, QRS duration and T wave height were unchanged. Heart rate, counted at the radial pulse, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, all measured lying and standing, were similar for BW245C and placebo. Platelet aggregation responses were not significantly different between the two treatments. The results indicate that repeated oral doses of BW245C, sufficient to cause moderately uncomfortable subjective effects, do not inhibit platelet aggregation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975430/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975430
|
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] |
3,975,451 |
Alcohol use and cognitive functioning in men and women college students.
|
Hannon R R, Butler C P CP, Day C L CL, Khan S A SA, Quitoriano L A LA, Butler A M AM, Meredith L A LA
|
Recent developments in alcoholism : an official publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism . Vol. 3, 1985
|
Two studies of the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning in men and women college students are presented. Study 1 showed several predicted relationships of decreased cognitive performance on various tests with increased quantity of alcohol per occasion and total lifetime consumption in both women and men. Study 2a was designed to replicate study 1, but the pattern of relationship of cognitive and consumption variables was quite different, e.g., increased cognitive performance was associated with increased quantity per occasion for several tests in males. Study 2b was designed to demonstrate reversibility of the negative effects of consumption on cognition by randomly assigning half of the subjects to abstain for two weeks. Reversibility was not demonstrated. Difficulties in studying these effects in college students are discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975451/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975451
|
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] |
3,975,490 |
Effect of Zaditen on serum neutrophil chemotactic activity in exercise-induced asthma.
|
Nagy L L, Orosz M M
|
Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases . Vol. 47, No. 1, 1985
|
Zaditen has a partial blocking effect in exercise-induced asthma, but the mechanism of this effect is unknown. In our study we investigated the effect of Zaditen on one of the mediators released by mast cells. We measured the serum neutrophil chemotactic activity - by using a modified Boyden chamber assay - after 2 week's treatment with Zaditen or placebo. The airway parameters (SGaw) were recorded with a wholebody plethysmograph. Our studies on 10 patients show that Zaditen has a protective effect on the release of the neutrophil chemotactic factor during an exercise challenge test. A direct effect of Zaditen on the mast cell degranulation process is postulated.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975490/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3975490
|
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] |
3,975,735 |
Hepatic trauma: evaluation of routine drainage.
|
Mullins R J RJ, Stone H H HH, Dunlop W E WE, Strom P R PR
|
Southern medical journal . Vol. 78, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Routine drainage of liver wounds created by trauma has recently been challenged, prompting a prospective, randomized trial of drainage via a Penrose dam versus no drain in patients having emergency laparotomy for abdominal trauma. We excluded cases in which definite bile leak was noted at operation. Of 167 patients studied, six had obligatory drainage because of obvious bile leak. Among the remaining 161 patients, there was no significant difference as to demographics, mode of injury, volume of blood lost or used for resuscitation, incidence and severity of shock, number and types of associated injuries, or magnitude of liver wound between the 78 allocated to drainage and the 83 left without a drain. Resultant mortality, duration of hospitalization, incidence of wound and/or intra-abdominal infection, and likelihood of subsequent bile fistula were not different. Such data support the routine use of a drain only if bile leakage from the liver wound is found at laparotomy. Without obvious bile leak, drainage of a specific liver injury does not appear to be necessary.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975735/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975735
|
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] |
3,975,747 |
Primary esophageal motor disorders: clinical response to nifedipine.
|
Nasrallah S M SM, Tommaso C L CL, Singleton R T RT, Backhaus E A EA
|
Southern medical journal . Vol. 78, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
The effect of nifedipine on esophageal symptoms was evaluated in 20 patients with primary esophageal motor disorders. The patients were randomized to receive nifedipine (10 mg t.i.d.) or placebo for two weeks, and then crossed over to receive the other medication. Ten patients had hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter, four had diffuse esophageal spasm, three had vigorous achalasia, two had "nutcracker esophagus," and one patient had achalasia. The score of chest pain or dysphagia was recorded on a scale of 0 to 10 during each study. The patients who received nifedipine improved significantly compared to those who received placebo. This improvement was most marked in patients with hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. No significant side effects or changes in blood pressure were encountered in any of the study groups. Our results indicate that patients with primary esophageal motor disorders have a good clinical response to nifedipine therapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975747/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975747
|
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] |
3,975,795 |
Patency of autogenous saphenous vein versus polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in femoropopliteal bypass for advanced ischemia of the extremity.
|
Bennion R S RS, Williams R A RA, Stabile B E BE, Fox M A MA, Owens M L ML, Wilson S E SE
|
Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics . Vol. 160, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Eighty-six femoropopliteal bypass operations were performed for ischemic ulceration, gangrene or rest pain in 77 patients whose mean preoperative ABI was 0.35. In this homogeneous patient sample, we compared prospectively a trial of saphenous vein versus PTFE grafts. During the follow-up period amputations were required in 30 per cent of the patients with a vein graft and in 31 per cent of patients with a PTFE graft. However, the presence of gangrene significantly decreased the interval to first occlusion (p less than 0.001). Over-all, autogenous saphenous vein grafts had longer patency than PTFE grafts in both the femoropopliteal and distal bypass positions. This advantage prevailed when 45 of the patients were randomized, although not at statistically significant levels. In patients without gangrene who underwent limb salvage, bypassing the diseased femoropopliteal segment with either of the graft materials increased graft patency and limb salvage compared with patients who had ischemic tissue necrosis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975795/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975795
|
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] |
3,975,798 |
Prophylactic antibiotics and closed tube thoracostomy.
|
LeBlanc K A KA, Tucker W Y WY
|
Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics . Vol. 160, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
A prospective randomized study of 85 patients who had sustained trauma to the chest requiring closed tube thoracostomy is reported. They were segregated into two groups, one of which did not receive prophylactic cephapirin sodium. Although the series is somewhat abbreviated, it would appear that the use of prophylactic antibiotics merely for the presence of a chest tube is an unsettled issue and of no definitely proved benefit.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975798/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975798
|
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] |
3,975,851 |
Results of multimodality therapy of resectable soft-tissue sarcomas of the retroperitoneum.
|
Glenn J J, Sindelar W F WF, Kinsella T T, Glatstein E E, Tepper J J, Costa J J, Baker A A, Sugarbaker P P, Brennan M F MF, Seipp C C
|
Surgery . Vol. 97, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Thirty-seven patients with resectable retroperitoneal sarcomas were studied prospectively to determine the efficacy of aggressive multimodality treatments. No patients was lost to follow-up, which ranged from 11 to 85 months (median 29 months). All patients received radiotherapy and some received postoperative chemotherapy (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and high-dose methotrexate). A subset of 15 patients were entered into a prospective, randomized study testing the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy (eight received chemotherapy; seven did not). Two-year actuarial survival rates were inferior in the chemotherapy arm (100% versus 47%; p = 0.06), but the small number of patients precluded drawing definitive conclusions from this randomized study alone. Among the entire 37 patients (21 received chemotherapy; 16 did not) the actuarial 3-year survival rate was 43% and appeared unaffected by chemotherapy. Two patients suffered doxorubicin infiltration, three sustained cardiac toxicity, two developed cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, and three withstood transient, severe bone marrow suppression. Eight patients suffered severe radiation enteritis, and one patient died after bowel resection for this problem. Thus the chemotherapy regimen we administered did not appear to improve survival but was associated with major morbidity. Radiotherapy was also associated with major complications, and since all patients received radiotherapy, it remains to be established if this modality is beneficial in improving survival.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975851/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3975851
|
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] |
3,976,320 |
Effects of three anaesthesia methods on haemodynamic responses connected with the use of thigh tourniquet in orthopaedic patients.
|
Valli H H, Rosenberg P H PH
|
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 29, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Haemodynamic changes were studied in 51 patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery of the lower extremity, including exsanguination and thigh tourniquet for longer than 60 min. The patients were randomly divided into three anaesthesia groups: general anaesthesia (including enflurane), epidural anaesthesia (20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine) and spinal anaesthesia (3 ml 0.5% bupivacaine). During the study, five epidural and one spinal patient excluded from haemodynamic comparison required general anaesthesia because of pain from the surgery or ischaemia. In the general anaesthesia group, there was a rise in either systolic or diastolic arterial pressure of over 30% of the control value in 8/15 patients. In the spinal anaesthesia patients, there was a transient rise above 30% in only one patient out of 15 and no rise in the 15 epidural group patients. On the other hand, 11/15 of the epidural patients needed additional analgesics and/or sedation for pain or restlessness. The mean rise in the haemodynamic parameters including CVP was small on inflation of the tourniquet cuff; on deflation there was a mean decrease in CVP of 1-3 cmH2 (0.1-0.3 kPa), the maximum decrease being 8 cmH2O (0.8 kPa). The mean decrease in systolic arterial blood pressure ranged from 2 to 14 mmHg (0.27 to 1.87 kPa) when the cuff was deflated.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976320/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3976320
|
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] |
3,976,329 |
Caudal or dorsal nerve block? A comparison of two local anaesthetic techniques for postoperative analgesia following day case circumcision.
|
Vater M M, Wandless J J
|
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 29, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Fifty boys presenting for day case circumcision were allocated randomly to receive either caudal analgesia or dorsal nerve block (DNB) to provide postoperative pain relief. Analgesia was assessed by a single, unbiased observer utilising a three-point scale. Subsequently, parents completed a simple questionnaire. Subjects in the DNB group micturated earlier (P less than 0.05) and stood unaided earlier (P less than 0.025) than patients in the caudal group. The incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in the DNB group (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of analgesia, although that produced in the DNB group tended to wane sooner. It is concluded that DNB provides satisfactory analgesia following circumcision and has specific advantages when compared with caudal analgesia.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976329/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3976329
|
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] |
3,976,336 |
Naloxone does not reverse the pain-reducing effect of vibratory stimulation.
|
Lundeberg T T
|
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 29, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Fifteen patients suffering from chronic epicondylitis pain who obtained alleviation of pain with vibratory stimulation were studied to investigate the possible role of endogenous opioids in the mediation of pain alleviation of vibratory stimulation. The patients' subjective pain intensity was rated using a graphic rating scale. In five patients the changes in peripheral blood flow before, during and after vibratory stimulation were also studied. After 30 min of mechanical vibratory stimulation at 100 Hz, patients were given a double-blind intravenous injection of naloxone or saline (placebo). Twelve patients did not experience reversal of pain relief from naloxone (0.4 mg). Reversal of the pain alleviation induced by vibratory stimulation was seen in two patients after i.v. injections of naloxone and in one patient after i.v. injections of naloxone or saline. When an i.m. injection of naloxone 0.01 mg/kg was administered before and during vibratory stimulation, none of the patients experienced an antagonistic effect of the pain-reducing effect of vibratory stimulation. The results suggest that the pain relief obtained with vibratory stimulation at 100 Hz is not associated with release of endogenous opioids.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976336/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3976336
|
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] |
3,976,470 |
The influence of exercise training on the ventilatory threshold of patients with coronary heart disease.
|
Sullivan M M, Ahnve S S, Froelicher V F VF, Meyers J J
|
American heart journal . Vol. 109, No. 3 Pt 1, 1985 Mar
|
Out of 156 patients with stable coronary heart disease randomized to either an exercise intervention group or a control group, 41 had complete gas analysis data. Continuous gas exchange data, including the ventilatory threshold, and selected heart rates were determined initially and at 1 year. The mean attendance for the exercise group was 2.2 +/- 0.7 days a week at an intensity of 60 +/- 9% of estimated peak oxygen uptake for 1 year of the study. Statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05) were observed between the exercise group (n = 19) and the control group (n = 22) for peak oxygen uptake (L/min), total treadmill time, and supine rest and submaximal heart rates after 1 year. The most remarkable change was a 16% increase in treadmill time. There was no difference between groups for the ventilatory threshold expressed either as an absolute oxygen uptake or as a percentage of peak oxygen uptake at 1 year. However, there was a significant correlation (r = 0.45; p less than 0.05) between the absolute change in peak oxygen uptake and the absolute change in the ventilatory threshold. These results indicate that a moderate exercise program is inadequate to alter the ventilatory threshold in patients with coronary heart disease and that changes in ventilatory threshold do not explain the increase in treadmill time that usually occurs.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976470/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3976470
|
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] |
3,976,552 |
A comparison of two very-low-calorie diets: protein-sparing-modified fast versus protein-formula-liquid diet.
|
Wadden T A TA, Stunkard A J AJ, Brownell K D KD, Day S C SC
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 41, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
This study investigated the acceptability of two very-low-calorie diets in 16 moderately overweight persons participating in a weight reduction program. Subjects were prescribed a 1000-1200 kcal balanced diet the first month and asked to complete appetite and mood scales on a weekly basis. They were then randomly assigned to either a protein-sparing-modified fast (PSMF) or a protein-formula-liquid diet, each of which provided about 400 kcal daily. Analysis of the appetite data showed that PSMF subjects reported significantly less hunger and preoccupation with eating than did liquid diet subjects during 2 of the 4 weeks on a very-low-calorie diet. Subjects in both conditions reported significant reductions in anxiety. Results are discussed in terms of possible advantages of PSMF.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976552/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3976552
|
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0.150872603058815
] |
3,976,556 |
Serum chromium of human subjects: effects of chromium supplementation and glucose.
|
Anderson R A RA, Bryden N A NA, Polansky M M MM
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 41, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Seventy-six adult subjects, 48 males and 28 females, were given placebo or 200 micrograms Cr in the form of chromic chloride in a double-blind crossover study, with 3-month experimental periods, to determine basal serum Cr levels and the effects of Cr supplementation on serum Cr and related variables. Basal serum Cr determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption for all subjects was 0.13 +/- 0.02 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM), and increased significantly to 0.38 +/- 0.02 ng/ml following 3 months of Cr supplementation. There were no significant differences in the serum Cr values for males and females. Serum Cr 90 min following a glucose load (1 g per kg body wt) was not significantly different from fasting during either the placebo or Cr supplementation periods. These data demonstrate that serum Cr increased significantly following Cr supplementation and is a reflection of Cr intake, but serum Cr concentration, even that following a glucose load, does not appear to be a meaningful indicator of Cr status.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976556/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3976556
|
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3,976,629 |
A method to maintain infant temperature.
|
Holzman I R IR
|
American journal of diseases of children (1960) . Vol. 139, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
A new insulating material (Thinsulate) was used to provide thermal protection for newborn infants. Infant core temperature was measured as part of a randomized study comparing the efficacy of an insulated bunting, an insulated hat, and routine management. The new bunting was superior in terms of its ability to maintain the infant's core temperature on arrival in the regular nursery. Nursing staff and parental acceptance was high, and further consideration should be given to defining the role of this new insulating material in the care of the newborn.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976629/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3976629
|
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] |
3,976,636 |
Golytely lavage--is metoclopramide necessary?
|
Brady C E CE, DiPalma J A JA, Pierson W P WP
|
The American journal of gastroenterology . Vol. 80, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
During Golytely cleansing for colonoscopy, two dose forms of oral metoclopramide were evaluated in separate studies for patient tolerance and adequacy of preparation. In study 1, patients were randomized to 10 mg metoclopramide (n = 21) or placebo (n = 27); in study 2, 20 mg metoclopramide (n = 21) was compared to placebo (n = 25). Ten milligrams metoclopramide was not significantly different from placebo in patient acceptance for any of the assessed symptoms. Patients taking 20 mg metoclopramide had less cramping (p = 0.02), but more nausea (p = 0.03) than placebo. Time for rectal effluent to clear was similar in all groups. The percentage of patients preferring Golytely was similar in both studies (70-79%, p = NS) and 85% of all patients were willing to repeat Golytely. Physician assessment of colon cleansing showed no difference between metoclopramide or placebo in either study, with adequate preparations in 97% and optimal cleansing in 80% of all patients. Neither 10 nor 20 mg oral metoclopramide improved adequacy of colon cleansing for colonoscopy or decreased symptoms associated with Golytely lavage.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976636/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3976636
|
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3,976,757 |
Prevention of premature labor by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate.
|
Yemini M M, Borenstein R R, Dreazen E E, Apelman Z Z, Mogilner B M BM, Kessler I I, Lancet M M
|
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology . Vol. 151, No. 5, 1985 Mar 01
|
Eighty pregnant women at high risk of giving birth prematurely were divided randomly into two groups. Treatment with either 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, 250 mg by intramuscular injection once a week, or a placebo was given in a double-blind fashion. Imminent premature labor occurred in 29.0% of the treated group and in 59.4% of the control group (p less than 0.025). The rate of premature deliveries was also significantly lower in the treated group (16.1%) than in the control group (37.82%) (p less than 0.05). There were no cases of perinatal death or fetal malformations in either group. The mean birth weight of all infants of the treated group was significantly higher than in those of the control group (3111.9 +/- 905 gm versus 2680 +/- 813.4 gm, p less than 0.05). The results support treatment with progesterone caproate for the prevention of premature labor.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976757/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3976757
|
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] |
3,976,820 |
The effectiveness of verbal versus activity groups in improving self-perceptions of interpersonal communication skills.
|
DeCarlo J J JJ, Mann W C WC
|
The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association . Vol. 39, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
This study compares the efficacy of a verbal group with that of an activity group in an occupational therapy clinic during the treatment of interpersonal communication deficits at a psychiatric day treatment center. Outpatients were randomly assigned to the following groups: an experimental group, which received activity therapy (n = 7), an experimental group, which received verbal therapy (n = 6), and a control group, which was involved exclusively in the normal milieu therapy at the center (n = 6). The two experimental groups received one hour of treatment per week for eight weeks. The pretesting and posttesting of interpersonal communication skills were done with the Interpersonal Communication Inventory. The activity group used collages, problem-solving tasks, role-playing sessions, games, and drawing exercises. The verbal group used discussion exclusively. Both the activity and verbal groups were based on whether participants had the following: an adequate self-concept, the ability to be a good listener, the skill of expressing his or her thoughts and ideas clearly, the ability to cope with his or her emotions (particularly with angry feelings) and express them in a constructive way, and a willingness to disclose him- or herself to others freely and truthfully. A significantly higher level of interpersonal communication skills was attained by the activity group. Comparisons between both groups and the control group showed no significant differences.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976820/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3976820
|
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3,976,825 |
Performance of Japanese and Japanese-American children on the Motor Accuracy-Revised and Design Copying Tests of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests.
|
Saeki K K, Clark F A FA, Azen S P SP
|
The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association . Vol. 39, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
This study investigates whether cultural differences affect childrens' performances on the Design Copying (DC) and Motor Accuracy-Revised (MAC-R) Tests of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests. The DC and the MAC-R were administered to 98 children who were born in Japan and lived there at least during the first year of life and to 82 children who were of Japanese descent but who were born in America. Average test scores of the Japanese and Japanese-American children were compared with those of the American children, on whom the tests were standardized. Results of the tests requiring right-hand performance revealed that both groups of Japanese-descent children performed better than the standardization group of American children; the Japan-born children performed the best. We base these findings on the influence that culture has on the development of a child.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976825/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3976825
|
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] |
3,976,960 |
Epidemiologic evidence and motor vehicle policy making.
|
Runyan C W CW, Earp J A JA
|
American journal of public health . Vol. 75, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
After being randomly assigned to receive policy effectiveness information expressed as attributable benefit, attributable risk, or relative risk, 318 graduate students were asked to indicate their preferences for the current voluntary seat belt use policy, a mandatory seat belt policy, or mandatory passive restraints. A control group received no data. Exposure to effectiveness information (any type) was significantly associated with favoring either mandatory seat belts or passive restraints over the current policy. Those exposed to attributable benefit or risk data were more apt to make proregulatory choices than subjects exposed to relative risk data. Attitudes toward government regulation and specific views about personal freedom and policy effectiveness were also found to be significant predictors of policy preference.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976960/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3976960
|
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] |
3,977,064 |
Ranitidine prophylaxis before anaesthesia in early pregnancy.
|
Duffy B L BL, Woodhouse P C PC, Schramm M D MD, Scanlan C M CM
|
Anaesthesia and intensive care . Vol. 13, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
Forty patients presenting for vaginal termination of pregnancy, divided randomly into four groups, received either no medication, sodium citrate 30 ml orally, ranitidine 150 mg orally or ranitidine 50 mg intravenously. During the procedure, gastric contents were removed by orogastric tube for volume and pH measurements. Ranitidine, orally and intravenously, significantly increased gastric pH and reduced gastric volume. In the control group only one pH was greater than 2.5. Sodium citrate raised the pH above 2.5 in 6 out of 10 patients. Fasting patients in the first months of pregnancy may be at risk of developing Mendelson's syndrome. Ranitidine is very effective in increasing gastric pH and at the same time reducing gastric volume in such patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977064/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3977064
|
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] |
3,977,145 |
Effect of antishock trousers on the trauma score: a prospective analysis in the urban setting.
|
Bickell W H WH, Pepe P E PE, Wyatt C H CH, Dedo W R WR, Applebaum D J DJ, Black C T CT, Mattox K L KL
|
Annals of emergency medicine . Vol. 14, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
This study was designed to determine the effect of military antishock trousers (MAST) use on the presenting emergency center trauma score (TS) in an urban prehospital setting. Sixty-eight patients were assigned randomly to study and control groups in a prospective investigation of the use of MAST on injured patients with hypotension. Thirty-two control patients, whose mean initial systolic BP was 59 +/- 32 mm Hg, and 36 MAST-treated patients, whose mean initial BP was 55 +/- 31 mm Hg, were found to be well matched for age; sex; type and location of injuries; initial field TS; response, field management, and transport times; and the total amount of intravenous crystalloid infused. Our results demonstrated no significant difference between the control and MAST-treated groups in the presenting emergency department TS (9.8 +/- 6.6 vs 10.6 +/- 5.9). These data conflict with the widely accepted belief that MAST will always enhance conventional support for improving the prehospital condition of injured patients with significant hypotension.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977145/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3977145
|
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] |
3,977,198 |
Expanding patient involvement in care. Effects on patient outcomes.
|
Greenfield S S, Kaplan S S, Ware J E JE
|
Annals of internal medicine . Vol. 102, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
An intervention was developed to increase patient involvement in care. Using a treatment algorithm as a guide, patients were helped to read their medical record and coached to ask questions and negotiate medical decisions with their physicians during a 20-minute session before their regularly scheduled visit. In a randomized controlled trial we compared this intervention with a standard educational session of equal length in a clinic for patients with ulcer disease. Six to eight weeks after the trial, patients in the experimental group reported fewer limitations in physical and role-related activities (p less than 0.05), preferred a more active role in medical decision-making, and were as satisfied with their care as the control group. Analysis of audiotapes of physician-patient interactions showed that patients in the experimental group were twice as effective as control patients in obtaining information from physicians (p less than 0.05). Results of the intervention included increased involvement in the interaction with the physician, fewer limitations imposed by the disease on patients' functional ability, and increased preference for active involvement in medical decision-making.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977198/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3977198
|
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] |
3,977,334 |
Percutaneous absorption of minoxidil in man.
|
Franz T J TJ
|
Archives of dermatology . Vol. 121, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
The percutaneous absorption and excretion of 1% and 5% solutions of minoxidil labeled with carbon 14 were measured in 12 adult male subjects. These subjects were randomly assigned to the 1% and 5% minoxidil testing groups, and all received nine topical applications to a bald area on the scalp, with the radioactive solutions applied on days 1 and 9. Urinary excretion of radioactivity was low, with mean values ranging from 1.6% to 3.9% of applied dose. No radioactivity could be detected in fecal samples. Recovery of radioactivity from the skin surface and from scalp and pillowcase washes was in the range of 41% to 45% of applied dose. No adverse reactions or notable abnormalities were noted in the subjects during the study. Although minoxidil is poorly absorbed through the skin, systemic doses in the range of 2.4 to 5.4 mg/day can be anticipated if application is made to entire scalp.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977334/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3977334
|
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] |
3,977,401 |
Haemoglobin concentration depends on protein intake in small preterm infants fed human milk.
|
Rönnholm K A KA, Siimes M A MA
|
Archives of disease in childhood . Vol. 60, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
Studies have shown that early anaemia of prematurity cannot be prevented by iron or vitamin supplementation. We studied 35 infants of birthweight less than 1520 g and mean gestational age 30.4 weeks who were fed either human milk alone or human milk supplemented with human milk protein. The vitamin and iron status were the same in both groups but the concentration of haemoglobin was significantly higher at the ages 4 to 10 weeks in the protein supplemented infants. Reticulocytosis occurred earlier in the protein supplemented infants. The findings on haemoglobin and reticulocytes were similar in 18 infants who received no blood transfusions. We conclude that human milk protein supplementation can increase the haemoglobin concentration of very low birthweight infants in the early weeks of life and that the protein content in human milk may be insufficient to satisfy their needs.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977401/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3977401
|
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] |
3,977,491 |
Immune response to a heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Enhancement of the response by increasing the dose of hepatitis B surface antigen from 3 to 27 micrograms.
|
Lelie P N PN, Reesink H W HW, de Jong-van Manen S T ST, Dees P J PJ, Reerink-Brongers E E EE
|
Archives of internal medicine . Vol. 145, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
In a randomized trial, 227 patients undergoing hemodialysis who were seronegative for all markers of hepatitis B virus were immunized at monthly intervals with three doses of either 3 micrograms or 27 micrograms of heat-inactivated hepatitis B HB-vaccine (CLB). Five months after the first injection, 77% of the patients in the 3-micrograms group and 94% in the 27-micrograms group manifested antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). At month 12 the proportions of subjects with anti-HBs in the 3-micrograms and 27-micrograms groups had dropped to 68% and 87%, respectively. At all times, the differences in the anti-HBs conversion rate between the two treatment groups were significant. These results show that the impaired immune reactivity to hepatitis B vaccines of patients undergoing hemodialysis can be overcome by increasing the dose of the vaccine.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977491/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3977491
|
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] |
3,977,547 |
Evaluating prolactin response to dopamine agonists in schizophrenia. Methodological problems.
|
Davis B M BM, Davis K L KL, Mohs R C RC, Mathé A A AA, Rothpearl A B AB, Johns C A CA, Levy M I MI, Horvath T B TB
|
Archives of general psychiatry . Vol. 42, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Serum prolactin (PRL) level was assessed after challenges with apomorphine hydrochloride, saline, dopamine hydrochloride, or levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) in 19 control and 38 chronic schizophrenic subjects. Baseline PRL level varied inversely with age. High correlations existed between baseline PRL level and any subsequent absolute measure of PRL after administration of a dopamine agonist or placebo. Percent decrease was not a function of baseline concentrations and was therefore the only independent measure of drug response. Baseline PRL level was generally lower during exacerbation than remission in patients studied during two states of illness. Percent PRL level decrease after apomorphine administration was significantly greater in normal subjects than in schizophrenics. Correction of apomorphine responses for corresponding placebo (saline) values abolished differences between groups. Prolactin responses after dopamine or levodopa-carbidopa did not differ; however, placebo correction was not possible.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977547/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3977547
|
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] |
3,977,555 |
Ethanol-induced changes in body sway in men at high alcoholism risk.
|
Schuckit M A MA
|
Archives of general psychiatry . Vol. 42, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
This study measures the amount of body sway or static ataxia in 34 drinking but nonalcoholic men 21 to 25 years of age who have an alcoholic first-degree relative (the family-history-positive, or FHP, group). Results are compared with 34 control subjects matched pairwise on demographic characteristics and drinking histories, but who have no known alcoholic close relatives (the family-history-negative, or FHN, group). Each man was tested on three occasions where he drank either placebo, or 0.75 mL/kg or 1.1 mL/kg of ethanol; the subjects were repeatedly tested during the subsequent four hours. At the baseline of each of the three test sessions, the level of body sway for the two family-history groups was virtually identical. However, following the 0.75-mL/kg dose, the increase in body sway was significantly less for the FHP than for FHN group, with similar but less dramatic group differences noted following the ingestion of 1.1 mL/kg of ethanol. These results are consistent with the significantly less intense subjective feelings of intoxication after drinking for the FHP men, and also parallel findings of less intense ethanol-related changes in biologic and cognitive test scores. A decreased intensity of reaction to ethanol should be explored further as a possible genetic trait marker of a predisposition toward alcoholism.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977555/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3977555
|
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] |
3,977,556 |
Opioid regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in depression.
|
Zis A P AP, Haskett R F RF, Albala A A AA, Carroll B J BJ, Lohr N E NE
|
Archives of general psychiatry . Vol. 42, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
A morphine infusion paradigm was used to investigate opioid mechanisms in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in depression. The subjects were unmedicated psychiatric inpatients and healthy volunteers. Morphine suppressed cortisol secretion. Early resumption of cortisol secretion was associated with a diagnosis of major depression and abnormal dexamethasone suppression test results. Our data suggest that the hyperactivity of the HPA axis observed in depression is abnormally resistant to opioid inhibition as well as glucocorticoid feedback.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977556/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3977556
|
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] |
3,977,557 |
Clonidine in outpatient detoxification from methadone maintenance.
|
Kleber H D HD, Riordan C E CE, Rounsaville B B, Kosten T T, Charney D D, Gaspari J J, Hogan I I, O'Connor C C
|
Archives of general psychiatry . Vol. 42, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
Inpatient narcotic detoxification with clonidine hydrochloride has been used since 1978. Outpatient withdrawal, potentially more useful, has not been adequately studied. This report describes a double-blind random assignment of 49 methadone hydrochloride-maintained patients whose dose had been lowered to 20 mg. Twenty-five were detoxified using methadone at 1-mg decrements, 24 by abrupt substitution with clonidine. Approximately 40% of both groups achieved successful detoxification, with one third maintaining abstinence over the subsequent six months. The groups were also largely equivalent on withdrawal symptoms, but the clonidine group experienced symptoms in the first half of the study and the methadone group in the second half. Clonidine appears to be a safe and efficacious outpatient treatment for opiate withdrawal, although the results were less favorable than those obtained in open or inpatient studies.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977557/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3977557
|
[
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] |
3,977,582 |
Voluntary vaginal musculature contractions as an enhancer of sexual arousal.
|
Messé M R MR, Geer J H JH
|
Archives of sexual behavior . Vol. 14, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
In a study of the effects of vaginal musculature contractions (Kegel's exercises) on both subjective and physiological measures of sexual arousal, 30 normal females were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The first group was informed about these exercises and was asked to practice them both during lab sessions and during the week intervening between sessions. The second group was informed concerning the effects of Kegel's exercises but did not practice contractions. A control group received no information regarding these exercises. Measures of vaginal vasocongestion and subjective ratings of sexual arousal were obtained during two 31-minute lab sessions. Vaginal contractions enhanced both subjective ratings and physiological measures of arousal. When combined with self-generated fantasy, tensing further augmented arousal. These effects were not further enhanced after 1 week of practice. The present study provides empirical support for the prescription of Kegel's exercises to normal women as an enhancer of sexual arousal. Further study of the effects of Kegel's exercises on a sample of dysfunctional women is necessary to determine the applicability of these results to a clinical population.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977582/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3977582
|
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] |
3,978,007 |
Fentanyl by constant rate i.v. infusion for postoperative analgesia.
|
Nimmo W S WS, Todd J G JG
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 57, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Fentanyl by continuous i.v. infusion (1.5 microgram kg-1 min-1 or 0.5 microgram kg-1 min-1) was compared with placebo infusion as an analgesic regimen for 24 h after hysterectomy. The drugs were infused using a new disposable device which required no external power source. All patients were allowed morphine i.m. if they experienced pain. Patients in the higher dose fentanyl group demanded less i.m. morphine and had better pain relief after operation, without important respiratory depression.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978007/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3978007
|
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] |
3,978,008 |
Continuous extradural infusion of 0.0625% or 0.125% bupivacaine for pain relief in primigravid labour.
|
Li D F DF, Rees G A GA, Rosen M M
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 57, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
The efficacy of an extradural infusion of 0.0625% or 0.125% bupivacaine was studied in 98 primigravid mothers in active labour. No special measures were taken to posture the mother (except to avoid aorto-caval compression). The study regimen included a control group (no infusion) receiving intermittent top-ups (0.25%. bupivacaine 8-10 ml), two groups receiving bupivacaine 6.25 mg h-1 infusion in different concentrations (0.0625% and 0.125%), a fourth group receiving 0.125% bupivacaine 12.5 mg h-1 infusion, and a fifth group receiving 0.125% bupivacaine 18.75 mg h-1 infusion. The optimum infusion rate was 0.125% bupivacaine 10 ml h-1, at which 69% of primigravid mothers required none or only one "top-up" of 0.25% bupivacaine 8-10 ml during a mean duration of 7.1 h labour. In the group who had no extradural infusion, only 32% of mothers managed with one or no top-up. The median interval between top-ups was increased from 145 min in the no infusion group to 245 min in those mothers receiving 0.125% bupivacaine 10 ml h-1 by infusion. Increasing the rate of infusion to 15 ml h-1 did not improve the results. Spread of local anaesthetic to higher levels was limited (less than T5) so that testing sensory loss at the T5-6 level at 2-hourly intervals should detect accidental spinal blockade resulting from inadvertent intrathecal infusion.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978008/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3978008
|
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] |
3,978,009 |
Buprenorphine-supplemented anaesthesia. Influence of dose on duration of analgesia after cholecystectomy.
|
Obel D D, Hansen L K LK, Hüttel M S MS, Andersen P K PK
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 57, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Fifty-one patients undergoing cholecystectomy received a single dose of buprenorphine 4.5-12 micrograms kg-1 at induction. Median duration of analgesia after surgery was 6 h. Multiple regression analysis showed the duration of analgesia to be slightly dependent on the age of the patient. No relationship was found between the duration of analgesia and the weight-related dose of buprenorphine, the age, sex or body weight of the patient, the duration of anaesthesia, or the dose of droperidol or thiopentone administered.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978009/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3978009
|
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] |
3,978,010 |
Fentanyl and bupivacaine mixtures for extradural blockade.
|
Rucci F S FS, Cardamone M M, Migliori P P
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 57, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
In a prospective double-blind study, single dose lumbar extradural blockade was instituted in 80 healthy male patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Patients were assigned randomly to one of four groups. Each group received treatment with 0.5% bupivacaine 20 ml containing adrenaline 1:200 000. To this solution was added fentanyl 0, 50, 100 or 200 micrograms. The time to regression of analgesic blockade was significantly prolonged (P less than 0.05) only with mixtures containing fentanyl 200 micrograms; no effect was demonstrated with lower doses of the opioid. However, the degree of motor blockade was less intense and incomplete S1-blockade (root-jumping) was more frequent with mixtures containing increasing doses of fentanyl. Patients treated with bupivacaine-fentanyl mixtures shivered less than the control group and showed fewer instances of acute hypotension. The side-effects observed were minor.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978010/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3978010
|
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] |
3,978,012 |
Subarachnoid blockade and total hip replacement. Effect of ephedrine on intraoperative blood loss.
|
Thorburn J J
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 57, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Thirty-eight patients undergoing total hip replacement under subarachnoid blockade were allocated randomly to one of two groups. Following institution of the blockade, patients in group A received ephedrine i.v. to maintain the systolic arterial pressure at, or above 100 mm Hg. Patients in group B were managed in an identical way, but did not receive ephedrine. Significant differences in arterial pressure (P less than 0.001), and heart rate (P less than 0.005), but no significant difference in blood loss was observed in the two groups. This was confirmed by similar blood transfusion requirements and postoperative haemoglobin concentrations. The relevance of the use of pressor agents in spinal anaesthesia is discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978012/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3978012
|
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] |
3,978,014 |
Clinical study of a lignocaine-prilocaine cream to relieve the pain of venepuncture.
|
Hallén B B, Carlsson P P, Uppfeldt A A
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 57, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
The efficacy of a topical anaesthetic formulation, EMLA 5% cream (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics) in obtunding the pain produced by venepuncture, was determined in a double-blind randomized, cross-over study in 31 adult volunteers. Pain was registered on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. In each subject the mean pain score after treatment with EMLA was compared with that following placebo. Twenty-eight subjects had lower pain scores with EMLA, and in the remaining three subjects EMLA and placebo were equi-effective. Transient skin reactions (blanching, erythema and oedema) were observed with both formulations. These reactions were not found to be aggravated by repeated applications.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978014/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3978014
|
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] |
3,978,249 |
Nandrolone decanoate added to tamoxifen in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.
|
Heinonen E E, Alanko A A, Gröhn P P, Rissanen P P
|
Breast cancer research and treatment . Vol. 5, No. 1, 1985
|
Since 1980 we have been carrying out a prospective randomized trial comparing tamoxifen with the combination of tamoxifen plus nandrolone decanoate in advanced breast cancer. The tamoxifen dose is 30 mg daily and the nandrolone decanoate dose 100 mg i.m. once a week for four weeks and thereafter every other week. 98 post-menopausal patients have been evaluated for the response. The number of patients is 49 in both groups. The overall response rates (CR + PR) to tamoxifen and tamoxifen plus nandrolone decanoate were not significantly different; in the tamoxifen group the response rate was 49% and in the combination group 45%. The mean time to progression in tamoxifen group is over 13 months and in tamoxifen plus nandrolone decanoate group over 12 months. Our results do not suggest a synergistic effect from combining tamoxifen and nandrolone decanoate treatments. The response rates to tamoxifen at different sites of metastases were as follows: bones 47%, soft tissues 56%, and viscera 48%. The respective figures with the combination therapy were 36%, 64%, and 40%. Both treatments were well tolerated and in no patient was withdrawal of the therapy necessary. Mild virilization and hoarseness were experienced by all patients treated with nandrolone decanoate. Side-effects associated with tamoxifen were rare, although five patients experienced nausea and two had hot flushes.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978249/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3978249
|
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] |
3,978,356 |
The recognition of tachistoscopically presented words, varying in imagery, part of speech and word frequency, in the left and right visual fields.
|
Jackman M K MK
|
British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) . Vol. 76 ( Pt 1), 1985 Feb
|
Previous research has shown conflicting findings when subjects have performed some task involving words varying in imagery, part of speech (nouns versus verbs) and word frequency presented to the left and right visual fields. This problem was investigated in the present paper. In the first investigation, a group of subjects rated 308 words for imagery and part of speech. It showed that nouns tended to be of higher imagery than verbs. This implies that it is important to control for part of speech while investigating imagery, and vice versa. Experiments 2 and 3 investigated the effects of imagery and part of speech on recognition performance using different sets of words and subjects while keeping other aspects of the experiments identical. Conflicting results were found when the analysis regarded words as being a 'fixed effect' rather than a 'random effect' (cf. Clark, 1973). A quasi-F analysis revealed no significant effects due to either variable. When the data were combined from the two experiments, a quasi-F analysis revealed that imagery had an equal effect in both visual fields. Thus we can draw the conclusion that the effect of imagery in both visual fields is reliable across both new subjects and new words. However, a sufficiently large sample is required in order to demonstrate this. No other effects were significant. Experiment 4 investigated the effect of frequency on report from the two visual fields. Quasi-F analysis revealed that the effect of frequency was larger in the right visual field than in the left visual field. We can conclude that this effect is reliable across both new subjects and new words--if a sufficiently large sample is used. The findings are discussed. in terms of whether one could ever draw conclusions on the basis of previous work, when the analysis had regarded words as a fixed effect. It was concluded that it was possible to draw tentative conclusions, but a firm conclusion could only be based on an experiment in which large numbers of words had been used and in which the results were significant on a quasi-F analysis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978356/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3978356
|
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] |
3,978,827 |
Variation in osmoregulation of arginine vasopressin during the human menstrual cycle.
|
Spruce B A BA, Baylis P H PH, Burd J J, Watson M J MJ
|
Clinical endocrinology . Vol. 22, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion was studied in eight healthy women in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Basal plasma osmolality in the luteal phase was significantly lower than in the follicular period (282.4 +/- 0.6, 285.6 +/- 1.1mmol/kg, respectively, P less than 0.05). Plasma AVP (pAVP) and plasma osmolality (pOsm) were measured during the infusion of 850 mmol/l saline in both phases of the cycle, and linear regression analyses of these data gave the following regression equations (i) follicular, pAVP = 0.43 (pOsm - 284), r = + 0.93, (ii) luteal, pAVP = 0.31 (pOsm - 279), r = + 0.95. Both the slope and abscissal intercept were significantly different (P less than 0.01). Osmotic threshold for thirst sensation in the luteal phase was lower than the follicular (293 +/- 2,297 +/- 1 mmol/kg, P less than 0.005). We conclude that, in the luteal phase, the threshold for AVP release and the gain or sensitivity of the osmostat are reduced together with lowering of the thirst threshold, which account for the lower basal luteal plasma osmolality.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978827/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3978827
|
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] |
3,978,996 |
Acceleration of digoxin clearance by activated charcoal.
|
Lalonde R L RL, Deshpande R R, Hamilton P P PP, McLean W M WM, Greenway D C DC
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 37, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
The effect of repeated oral doses of activated charcoal on intravenous digoxin kinetics was evaluated in a randomized, crossover study. Ten healthy subjects received infusions of 10 micrograms/kg digoxin alone and with 225 gm activated charcoal over 40 hours. Multiple serum digoxin concentration determinations were made after each dose by radioimmunoassay. Noncompartmental kinetic analysis was used. Digoxin clearance increased an average of 47% (range -2% to 119%) during charcoal treatment, from 12.2 +/- 2.0 to 18.0 +/- 2.9 L/hr. The volume of distribution at steady state decreased from 495 +/- 196 to 375 +/- 162 L, and the terminal t1/2 was shortened from 36.5 +/- 11.8 to 21.5 +/- 6.5 hr during charcoal treatment. Likewise, mean residence time decreased, from 41.1 +/- 20 to 19.9 +/- 7.8 hr. Kinetic predictions would suggest greater proportional increases in digoxin clearance in patients with renal impairment. We conclude that repeated doses of charcoal enhance the clearance of digoxin and should be considered for use in digoxin toxicity.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3978996/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3978996
|
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] |
3,979,000 |
Dazoxiben in human sepsis and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
|
Reines H D HD, Halushka P V PV, Olanoff L S LS, Hunt P S PS
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 37, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
Levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2, are elevated in human and experimental septic shock. The thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben has improved survival and decreased pulmonary hypertension in experimental endotoxemia. A randomized prospective study of 10 patients with the clinical diagnosis of sepsis and early adult respiratory distress syndrome (hypoxemia, radiologic evidence of the syndrome, and intrapulmonary shunt greater than 20%) was performed to test the efficacy of dazoxiben in ameliorating the effects of human sepsis. Five subjects received dazoxiben and five received placebo. Dazoxiben, 100 mg, or placebo was injected intravenously every 4 hours for a maximum of 72 hours. Plasma immunoreactive TxB2 (iTxB2) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Before dazoxiben, the plasma iTxB2 level was 752 +/- 261 pg/ml (n = 5) and was reduced within 1 hour to 333 +/- 137 pg/ml. The plasma levels of iTxB2 remained significantly decreased with subsequent doses of dazoxiben and it was 201 +/- 67 pg/ml (n = 4) 60 hours after dosing. In contrast, placebo had no significant effect on plasma iTxB2 levels (n = 5) throughout the entire period of observation. Dazoxiben did not induce any significant changes in pulmonary or systemic vascular resistance, intrapulmonary shunting, clotting studies, or extravascular lung water. One of the five subjects in the placebo group died and two of the five subjects in the dazoxiben group died. We conclude that dazoxiben was safe and effectively lowered plasma iTxB2 levels in patients with sepsis and incipient adult respiratory distress symptom, but did not significantly alter the hemodynamic and pulmonary sequelae of established sepsis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979000/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3979000
|
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] |
3,979,007 |
Reduction of serum theophylline levels by terbutaline in children with asthma.
|
Danziger Y Y, Garty M M, Volwitz B B, Ilfeld D D, Varsano I I, Rosenfeld J B JB
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 37, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
We studied the effect of oral terbutaline on serum theophylline levels in 12 children with asthma. Sustained-release theophylline (10 mg/kg twice a day) was given with placebo or terbutaline (0.075 mg/kg three times a day) in a chronic, randomized, double-blind, crossover design. The trough serum theophylline concentration fell from 13.8 +/- 4.0 to 10.8 +/- 3.6 micrograms/ml and the peak expiratory flow rate increased from 285 +/- 30 to 310 +/- 29 L/min after terbutaline. Further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanism of action by which terbutaline decreases serum theophylline levels.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979007/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3979007
|
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] |
3,979,013 |
Changes in plasma catecholamines in response to reflex modulation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone by cardiopulmonary receptors.
|
Grassi G G, Gavazzi C C, Cesura A M AM, Picotti G B GB, Mancia G G
|
Clinical science (London, England : 1979) . Vol. 68, No. 5, 1985 May
|
The effects of selective deactivation and stimulation of cardiopulmonary receptors on plasma noradrenaline (radioenzymatic method) were studied in nine normotensive subjects by reducing and increasing central venous pressure for 20 min via lower body suction and leg-raising manoeuvres that did not alter arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Deactivation of cardiopulmonary receptors was accompanied by a rise in plasma noradrenaline that achieved a peak within 5 min (91.8 +/- 22%, mean +/- SE) and was then sustained. Stimulation of cardiopulmonary receptors was accompanied by a fall in plasma noradrenaline (-16.6 +/- 3.4%) that levelled off at the second minute and was then sustained. On average the increase and the reduction in plasma noradrenaline had a time course and a magnitude similar to the increase (80.5 +/- 10.5%) and the reduction (-28.4 +/- 5%) in forearm vascular resistance (derived from plethysmographic flow measurement) concomitantly caused by cardiopulmonary receptors. Furthermore, analysis of individual data showed that changes in plasma noradrenaline and forearm vascular resistance were linked by a positive relationship (r = 0.64). Thus the cardiopulmonary receptor reflex can produce rapid, marked and sustained changes in both plasma noradrenaline and forearm vasomotor tone. This is in sharp contrast with the previously observed inability of the carotid baroreflex to alter both these humoral and haemodynamic variables. Taken together these findings support the hypothesis that sympathetic tone to skeletal muscle is an important determinant of the concentration of plasma noradrenaline in blood.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979013/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3979013
|
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] |
3,979,225 |
The effect of glucagon and glucagon 1-21 on anal sphincter function.
|
Pedersen I K IK, Christiansen J J
|
Diseases of the colon and rectum . Vol. 28, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
Resting anal sphincter pressure and rectoanal reflex were studied in six healthy volunteers after administration of placebo, glucagon, and glucagon 1-21. Glucagon resulted in a marked but short-lived early decrease in resting anal pressure, whereas the 1-21 fragment of the glucagon molecule had no effect. Further investigation of the possible hormonal/peptidergic regulation of anal sphincter function is necessary.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979225/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3979225
|
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] |
3,979,238 |
Comparison of cimetidine and ranitidine on 24-hour intragastric acidity and serum gastrin profile in patients with esophagitis.
|
Mahachai V V, Walker K K, Thomson A B AB, Zuk L L, Kirdeikis P P, Fisher D D, Brunet K K
|
Digestive diseases and sciences . Vol. 30, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH and serum gastrin profiles were monitored in six male asymptomatic patients who previously were found to have esophagitis on endoscopy and biopsy. They received cimetidine 300 mg qid (C), ranitidine 150 mg bid (R), or placebo (P) for one week each, utilizing the Latin-square design. The mean BAO was 0.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/hr, and the pentagastrin-stimulated MAO was 21.2 +/- 3.2 mmol/hr. In the P-treated patients, the pH fluctuated between 1.8 and 3.5 and over 90% of the readings were less than pH 4. As compared to P, both C and R significantly suppressed H+ after breakfast, overnight, and over the 24-hr period. The mean pH after lunch was significantly higher in R than in P, but not in C. Over the 24-hr period, a higher percentage of the readings were above pH 4.0 in R as compared to C. During the night, 50% of the pH readings were above pH 4.0 in C and R, whereas in P 50% of the pH readings were less than pH 2.0. The integrated gastrin responses after each meal were similar in C and R and were greater than in P. The biphasic response of the ratio of H+ and gastrin (H+/G) following each meal was suppressed by both H2-receptor antagonists, with numerically lower values obtained in R than in C. This study suggests that ranitidine 150 mg bid is superior to cimetidine 300 mg qid in suppressing the 24-hr intragastric acidity.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979238/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3979238
|
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] |
3,979,476 |
Treatment of malignant pleural effusions with intrapleural Corynebacterium parvum or tetracycline.
|
Leahy B C BC, Honeybourne D D, Brear S G SG, Carroll K B KB, Thatcher N N, Stretton T B TB
|
European journal of respiratory diseases . Vol. 66, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Thirty two patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomly allocated to treatment with intrapleural Corynebacterium parvum or tetracycline hydrochloride in an attempt to prevent symptomatic recurrence of pleural fluid. Success in preventing recurrence of fluid at one month, using up to 2 doses of each drug, was 14 of 16 cases for Corynebacterium parvum, 5 of 9 for tetracycline given via an intercostal needle, and 6 of 7 for tetracycline given through an intercostal tube. These difference were not statistically significant. Corynebacterium parvum was significantly more likely to produce pyrexia equal or greater than 38 degrees C (P less than 0.001) and pain requiring analgesia (P less than 0.05) than tetracycline hydrochloride. Corynebacterium parvum is a useful agent for the management of malignant pleural effusion, but is associated with more side effects than tetracycline.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979476/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3979476
|
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] |
3,979,482 |
Effect of naloxone on arterial gases in chronically obstructed patients with acute respiratory failure.
|
Montserrat J M JM, Ballester E E, Sopeña J J JJ, Picado C C
|
European journal of respiratory diseases . Vol. 66, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
In a randomized double-blind design 10 patients with decompensated COPD received intravenous naloxone (2 mg) and placebo. Arterial gases were monitored at 15, 30 and 60 min. No significant changes were observed in pCO2 after naloxone as compared to placebo.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979482/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3979482
|
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3,979,485 |
Relieving dyspnea with an inexpensive and simple method in patients with severe chronic airflow limitation.
|
Falk P P, Eriksen A M AM, Kølliker K K, Andersen J B JB
|
European journal of respiratory diseases . Vol. 66, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
The effect of inspiratory resistive breathing training using a simple apparatus was tested in 27 optimally medicated consecutive outpatients with severe chronic airflow limitation, randomly assigned to a test and a control group. Patients trained in their homes for up to 10 min thrice daily and increments in resistance were made, if possible, every fortnight. The control group used the same apparatus, but without inspiratory resistance. Three months from the start of training, the following statistically significant differences between the 2 groups were observed: a marked decrease in dyspnea in the trained group, a 60% versus 22% rise in endurance time on a cycle ergometer at 2/3 of maximal work load, a fall in functional residual capacity, and a fall in respiratory frequency both at rest and during exercise.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979485/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3979485
|
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] |
3,979,577 |
Hot flashes in postmenopausal women ameliorated by danazol.
|
Foster G V GV, Zacur H A HA, Rock J A JA
|
Fertility and sterility . Vol. 43, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Six postmenopausal women with hot flashes were studed for two 8-week periods during which they received low-dose danazol (100 mg/24 hours) for one time interval and placebo for the other in a randomized double-blind manner. The patients recorded the number and severity of their hot flashes daily. On the last day of each period the patients were admitted to the research center overnight for an 8-hour monitoring of forehead skin temperatures and for continuous withdrawal of blood to determine 20-minute integrated levels of luteinizing hormone. Three of the six patients responded to danazol with a mean reduction of 88% in the number of hot flashes and a 53% decrease in the severity of hot flashes. Responders differed from nonresponders in that on treatment the frequency of nocturnal pulses of luteinizing hormone was reduced more (36.1% versus 14.4%), the increase in amplitude of the pulses was greater (+30.7% versus -11.8%), and the fall in the mean level of luteinizing hormone was more marked (19.0% versus 10.5%). The findings suggest that danazol may be a reasonable alternative to estrogen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with severe vasomotor symptoms.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979577/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3979577
|
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] |
3,979,676 |
Prevention of stress-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding by cimetidine in patients on assisted ventilation.
|
van den Berg B B, van Blankenstein M M
|
Digestion . Vol. 31, No. 1, 1985
|
A double-blind controlled trial was conducted in which the efficacy of cimetidine in a dosage of 20 mg/kg/24 h in preventing upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was tested in 34 critically ill patients on assisted ventilation. In 28 patients, 14 on cimetidine and 14 on placebo, gastric pH measurements and blood loss measured by 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes could be analyzed. Although cimetidine produced a markedly lower number of days with a gastric pH below 3.5 (17.4% vs. 72.2%) 5 patients on cimetidine bled as against 1 on placebo. These results do not suggest that cimetidine was effective in preventing stress-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979676/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3979676
|
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] |
3,979,761 |
Explosion-safe, enema-free, nutritious colonoscopy preparation using a prepackaged formula diet.
|
Kruss D M DM, DeBartolo M M, Livak A P AP, Serlovsky R R
|
Gastrointestinal endoscopy . Vol. 31, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
Breath hydrogen and methane concentrations were normal before morning colonoscopy in 72 ambulatory patients randomly assigned to Ensure or clear liquid diet preparation for 48 hours. Mechanical bowel preparation was equal with each diet using an evening-laxative and morning-enema regimen and with Ensure using two consecutive evenings of laxatives without enemas. Ensure is an explosion-safe, mechanically acceptable, nutritionally adequate method of colonoscopy preparation. With a suitable laxative, Ensure eliminates the need for enemas in colonoscopy preparation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3979761/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3979761
|
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0.24335235357284546,
0.201192706823349,
0.06937160342931747,
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] |
3,980,055 |
Central cardiovascular effects of physostigmine in humans.
|
Janowsky D S DS, Risch S C SC, Huey L Y LY
|
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) . Vol. 7, No. 1
|
Central cholinergic control of pulse rate and blood pressure has seldom been studied in humans. In the current study we contrasted the cardiovascular effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine, which increases central and peripheral acetylcholine levels, with those of saline placebo and with those of the non-centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine, which only increases peripheral acetylcholine levels. We found that physostigmine, in contrast to neostigmine and saline, caused significant and often profound increases in pulse rate and blood pressure levels in humans. Thus, we conclude that acetylcholine may have a role in central cardiovascular regulation in humans. We also found that administration of physostigmine may cause net increases in pulse of up to 74 beats/minute, systolic blood pressure increases of up to 50 mm Hg, and diastolic increases of up to 45 mm Hg. Such increases could be dangerous in elderly patients with concomitant cerebrovascular or coronary circulation disorders.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3980055/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3980055
|
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] |
3,980,061 |
Oral load of tyrosine or L-dopa and plasma levels of free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines in healthy men.
|
Cuche J L JL, Prinseau J J, Selz F F, Ruget G G, Tual J L JL, Reingeissen L L, Devoisin M M, Baglin A A, Guédon J J, Fritel D D
|
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) . Vol. 7, No. 1
|
The levels of free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines were measured in the plasma of fasting, recumbent normal subjects before and after an oral load of the catecholamine precursors tyrosine or L-dopa. Basal values of sulfoconjugated catecholamines, measured in plasma samples diluted 1:100 were 7998 +/- 540 pg/ml for dopamine sulfate, 2938 +/- 281 pg/ml for norepinephrine sulfate, and 2958 +/- 288 pg/ml for epinephrine sulfate (n = 37 tests in 15 men); these basal values are higher than those reported previously. Neither free nor sulfoconjugated catecholamine concentrations were changed by a tyrosine load (100 mg/kg) that induced a doubling of the plasma tyrosine level or by a meal low in phenylalanine and tyrosine (but otherwise supplying constituents of normal nourishment) that induced a greater than 50% reduction in the plasma tyrosine concentration. After an oral load of L-dopa (125 mg) the following were observed. (1) An extremely large increase (greater than 100-fold) in dopamine sulfate levels was noted, an increase that was less marked in the same subjects given L-dopa (125 mg) plus the peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor carbidopa (12.5 mg); as expected, free dopamine concentration also was increased. (2) Neither free nor sulfoconjugated norepinephrine concentrations were altered. (3) Epinephrine sulfate but not free epinephrine concentration was increased (more than ten-fold) after L-dopa ingestion alone; this result was unexpected and has to be confirmed before considering its physiological meaning, if any.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3980061/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3980061
|
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] |
3,980,272 |
Combination chemo-radiotherapy for residual, recurrent or inoperable carcinoma of the rectum: E.C.O.G. study (EST 3276).
|
Danjoux C E CE, Gelber R D RD, Catton G E GE, Klaassen D J DJ
|
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics . Vol. 11, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
Thirty evaluated patients were randomized to either continuous radiation + 5-FU (16 patients), or split-course radiation + 5-FU (14 patients) for the treatment of residual, recurrent, or inoperable carcinoma of the rectum or recto-sigmoid. Twenty-one of these patients received maintenance MeCCNU + 5-FU chemotherapy following radiation. Entry was terminated when late treatment reactions were seen in the precursor pilot study. Twenty-four of the patients have died; the estimated median survival is 17 months in each of the treatment arms. Performance status was the only significant prognostic factor for survival. The rate of severe, acute reactions during the radiation treatment period was higher for the continuous-course than for the split-course regimen (69 vs. 21%, p = .01). The rates of severe late treatment reactions, 23% (7 of 30), and severe chemotherapy toxicity, 48%, were similar for the two treatment programs. Late treatment reactions, primarily bowel complications, were seen from 3 to 23 months after radiation in 3 patients treated with continuous course, and 4 patients treated with split course. Ten of 21 patients (48%) who received maintenance chemotherapy had severe or worse toxicity. Toxicity was seen for 6 of 12 continuous-course, and 4 of 9 split-course patients. Twenty-seven patients have had disease progression, and the median length of disease control is 11 months.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3980272/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3980272
|
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] |
3,980,432 |
Visual overselectivity: a comparison of two instructional remediation procedures with autistic children.
|
Hedbring C C, Newsom C C
|
Journal of autism and developmental disorders . Vol. 15, No. 1, 1985 Mar
|
The present study compared two classroom-relevant procedures for remediating visual overselectivity in autistic children. One approach was based on perceptual-motor theory in which possible relationships between functional object-use and overselectivity were studied. The second strategy, equivalence training, used a four-step stimulus shift procedure. A comparison group of autistic children was exposed to simple repeated practice trials with the test tasks. Results showed that equivalence training was more effective than functional object-use in improving posttest scores, with repeated practice falling in between. The results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical issues relating to stimulus overselectivity, including the incorporation of microcomputer technology.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3980432/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
3980432
|
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] |
3,980,452 |
Anterograde amnesia with oral lorazepam.
|
Mac D S DS, Kumar R R, Goodwin D W DW
|
The Journal of clinical psychiatry . Vol. 46, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
Twelve healthy volunteers were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled study to evaluate the amnestic effects of orally administered lorazepam. The subjects were tested for immediate and delayed recall, using a word recall memory task. The subjects taking lorazepam did not differ from subjects receiving placebo on immediate recall. However, the delayed recall scores of lorazepam subjects were significantly lower compared to the placebo group (p less than .01).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3980452/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3980452
|
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] |
3,980,799 |
Psoriasis treatment with suberythemogenic ultraviolet B radiation and a coal tar extract.
|
Menkes A A, Stern R S RS, Arndt K A KA
|
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Vol. 12, No. 1 Pt 1, 1985 Jan
|
Forty-nine patients with plaque-type psoriasis were enrolled in a randomized prospective trial that compared the efficacy of outpatient treatment with suberythemogenic doses of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation administered with a tar oil to treatment with maximally erythemogenic UVB radiation with emollients. Seventeen percent of patients treated with tar oil and 26% of patients treated with maximally erythemogenic UVB failed to adhere to the protocol. Although the tar oil protocol seemed slightly less effective in those with more severe psoriasis, a roughly comparable fraction of patients who adhered to either protocol cleared at least 90% of psoriasis on surfaces exposed to UVB (76% vs 100%). The total dose of UVB to clearing was 44% less for patients treated with tar oil and suberythemogenic UVB. For most patients with moderate psoriasis, suberythemogenic UVB and tar oil is an effective, low-cost, and acceptable outpatient therapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3980799/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3980799
|
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] |
3,980,803 |
Trimethylpsoralen bath plus ultraviolet A combined with oral retinoid (etretinate) in the treatment of severe psoriasis.
|
Väätäinen N N, Hollmen A A, Fräki J E JE
|
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Vol. 12, No. 1 Pt 1, 1985 Jan
|
Twenty five patients with severe and extensive psoriasis were treated with trimethylpsoralen (trioxsalen) bath plus ultraviolet A (bath PUVA) combined with oral retinoid, etretinate (Ro 10-9359). Etretinate was started (1 mg/kg/day) 2 weeks prior to starting the bath PUVA treatment daily. Psoriasis cleared with fifteen treatments in 96% of patients with a mean total UVA dose of 3.9 joules/cm2. The control group of nine patients received only bath PUVA without retinoid, and eight of them cleared with nineteen treatments and with a mean UVA dose of 7.2 joules/cm2. In addition, three psoriatic patients previously resistant to bath PUVA treatment were given etretinate (1 mg/kg/day), and they cleared in 4 to 8 weeks after starting etretinate with a UVA dose of 37-144 joules/cm2. In the maintenance therapy after the combination therapy of twenty-four patients, the results of treatment were good or excellent in fourteen of fifteen patients (93%) getting only bath PUVA one to two times a week and in four of nine patients (44%) getting etretinate (25-50 mg daily) in a mean follow-up time of 10 weeks. These results show the benefits of the combination of trimethylpsoralen bath PUVA with an oral retinoid, etretinate, in the treatment of severe and extensive psoriasis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3980803/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3980803
|
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] |
3,980,805 |
Group therapy of psoriasis. Duo formula group treatment (DFGT) as an example.
|
Schulte M B MB, Cormane R H RH, van Dijk E E, Wuite J J
|
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Vol. 12, No. 1 Pt 1, 1985 Jan
|
Between 1978 and 1982 an experiment on group treatment for and by psoriasis sufferers was conducted, based on a pyramid of previous investigations since 1968. Each group was facilitated by a duo consisting of a fellow sufferer and a physician, both having trained together. The subjects practiced the procedure described, directed toward self-care and mutual aid facilitated and supported by the duo, in a series of ten 2-hour weekly sessions. A pretest/posttest control group design was used. Comparing the results of the quantitative analysis of the experimental groups with those of the control groups, the experimental groups showed significant change. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that decrease of anxiety correlated with mastering of the skills involved. The key element affecting outcome was the balance in cooperation within the duo, the expertise of the patient lying in his personal experience of the condition, and the expertise of the physician in his knowledge and skills. One of the method's main characteristics was the intrinsic complementarity of the duo partners.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3980805/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3980805
|
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] |
3,980,808 |
Management of stasis leg ulcers with Unna's boots versus elastic support stockings.
|
Hendricks W M WM, Swallow R T RT
|
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Vol. 12, No. 1 Pt 1, 1985 Jan
|
Twenty-one patients with stasis leg ulcers were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group was treated with Unna's boots, while the second was treated with elastic support stockings with graded compression from 24 mm/Hg pressure at the ankle to 16 mm/Hg pressure at the calf. The ulcers on seven of ten legs (70%) treated with Unna's boots and on 10 of 14 legs (71%) treated with elastic support stocking healed. Although the two groups were small, there was no statistically significant difference between their success rate in healing stasis leg ulcers (p = 0.9394). Both treatment groups showed significant changes in lower limb volume, calf circumference, and ankle circumference, although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. If healing times are calculated, however, the average healing time in the Unna boot-treated group was 7.3 weeks, while patients treated with support stockings took an average of 18.4 weeks. If one patient whose ulcerations almost encircled her calves and took 78 weeks to heal is excluded, patients treated with support stockings had an average healing time of 11.8 weeks.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3980808/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3980808
|
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] |
3,981,166 |
The relationship between serum concentrations and central nervous system actions of metoprolol.
|
Gengo F M FM, Ermer J C JC, Carey C C, Kalonaros G C GC, McHugh W B WB
|
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry . Vol. 48, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
The relationship between serum levels of metoprolol, hydroxymetoprolol and changes in psychomotor function as measured by standard reaction time and flash fusion frequency was studied. Blinded subjects were given placebo or 150 mg dose of metoprolol and crossed over on the next study day. Flash fusion frequency, reaction time, and serial blood levels of metoprolol and hydroxymetoprolol were collected. Oral dosing of metoprolol produced no significant changes in reaction time. However, significant decreases in flash fusion frequency were observed from 2 to 6 hours after the dose. Changes in flash fusion frequency were related to levels of metoprolol. Flash fusion frequency changes lagged behind the time course of metoprolol concentrations. The nadir of variance in the metoprolol plus hydroxymetoprolol concentration-effect relationship occurred when potency of hydroxymetoprolol was assumed to be 0.3 of metoprolol. These data suggest that the central nervous system actions of metoprolol are related to metoprolol serum levels and occur at low metoprolol concentrations. However, CNS effects of metoprolol do not intensify at high concentrations. Further CNS activity of hydroxymetoprolol may explain the lag seen in the relationship between concentration and CNS effect.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981166/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
3981166
|
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] |
3,981,321 |
Vitamin E status in preterm infants fed human milk or infant formula.
|
Gross S J SJ, Gabriel E E
|
The Journal of pediatrics . Vol. 106, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
Vitamin E status was assessed in 36 infants with birth weights less than 1500 gm who were assigned randomly to receive one of three sources of nutrition: milk obtained from mothers of preterm infants (preterm milk), mature human milk, or infant formula. Infants in each dietary group were further assigned randomly to receive iron supplementation (2 mg/kg/day) beginning at 2 weeks or to receive no iron supplementation. All infants received a standard multivitamin, providing 4.1 mg alpha-tocopherol daily. Serum vitamin E concentrations at 6 weeks were significantly related both to type of milk (P less than 0.0001) and to iron supplementation (P less than 0.05). Infants fed preterm milk had significantly higher serum vitamin E levels than did infants fed mature human milk, and both groups had significantly higher levels than did those fed formula. Ratios of serum vitamin E/total lipid were also significantly greater for infants fed human milks than for those fed formula. The addition of iron to all three diets resulted in significantly lower serum vitamin E levels at 6 weeks (P less than 0.05); however, only in the group fed formula was there evidence of vitamin E deficiency. Preterm milk with routine multivitamin supplementation uniformly resulted in vitamin E sufficiency in VLBW infants whether or not iron was administered.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981321/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3981321
|
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] |
3,981,325 |
Effects of sucrose ingestion on the behavior of hyperactive boys.
|
Wolraich M M, Milich R R, Stumbo P P, Schultz F F
|
The Journal of pediatrics . Vol. 106, No. 4, 1985 Apr
|
A challenge design was used in two separate studies to investigate the effects of sucrose ingestion on the behavior and learning of hyperactive boys. In both studies, 16 boys were admitted to a clinical research center for 3 successive days, on each of which they were given a sucrose-free diet. On day 1, baseline levels on the learning tasks were established; on days 2 and 3 a challenge drink of either sucrose 1.75 gm/kg or a placebo (aspartame in equivalent sweetness) was presented, in a counterbalanced order. In the first study the challenge drink was administered 1 hour after lunch; in the second study it was given in the morning after an overnight fast. On days 2 and 3 of both studies, 37 behavioral (playroom observation and examiner ratings) and cognitive (learning and memory tasks) measures were collected, starting 1/2 hour after ingestion of the drink. The results of both studies revealed no differences between the boys' performance on the two challenge days. These findings undermine the hypothesis that sucrose plays a major role in accounting for the inappropriate behavior of hyperactive boys.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981325/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3981325
|
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] |
3,981,366 |
Bilirubin production after supplemental oral vitamin E therapy in preterm infants.
|
Smith D W DW, Cohen R S RS, Vreman H J HJ, Yeh A A, Sharron S S, Stevenson D K DK
|
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition . Vol. 4, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of early vitamin E supplementation on the rate of heme catabolism (bilirubin production) in healthy preterm infants. Bilirubin production was estimated from the concentration of carbon monoxide in "end-tidal" gas. Serum vitamin E, hemoglobin, and bilirubin levels were determined by standard techniques. Thirty infants received supplementation with vitamin E or placebo in a double-blind, randomized fashion. Infants were studied on day 1 of life prior to therapy, and on days 3 and 7 postnatally. Results showed that in both placebo-supplemented and vitamin E-supplemented groups, vitamin E levels were significantly higher on days 3 and 7 compared with day 1. Bilirubin production was not significantly different on day 3 compared with day 1 in either group, but was significantly lower in both groups by day 7 compared with day 1. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin and serum bilirubin levels between the two groups at any point in time. In conclusion, although vitamin E supplementation significantly raises vitamin E levels, placebo-supplemented premature infants also achieve vitamin E sufficiency and a decrease in bilirubin production by day 7 of age.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981366/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3981366
|
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] |
3,981,394 |
The prediction of semantic consistency in self-descriptions: characteristics of persons and of terms that affect the consistency of responses to synonym and antonym pairs.
|
Goldberg L R LR, Kilkowski J M JM
|
Journal of personality and social psychology . Vol. 48, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
Subjects described themselves, using an alphabetically ordered list of 191 trait adjectives, which included sets of synonyms and antonyms, half of each type more difficult than the other half. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions. In one condition, each adjective was listed with its dictionary definition; in the other condition, only the adjectives were listed. All subjects were administered a battery of demographic, cognitive, and personality measures. We analyzed both the relative consistency elicited by different pairs of terms and the individual differences in semantic consistency displayed by different sorts of subjects. Although the provision of definitions served to increase consistency (especially for the difficult antonyms), it did not decrease the range of consistency values across either synonym or antonym pairs. And, although interpair differences in semantic consistency were as difficult to predict in this study as in previous ones, individual differences were highly predictable. The implications of our many findings are discussed in the context of various hypotheses about semantic inconsistency in self-reports.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981394/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3981394
|
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] |
3,981,411 |
Steady-state bioavailability of dexbrompheniramine and pseudoephedrine from a repeat-action combination tablet.
|
Lin C C CC, Kim H K HK, Lim J J, Digiore C C, Symchowicz S S, Gural R R
|
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences . Vol. 74, No. 1, 1985 Jan
|
The steady-state bioavailabilities of dexbrompheniramine and pseudoephedrine were evaluated following multiple-dose administrations of a repeat-action combination tablet containing 6 mg of dexbrompheniramine maleate with 120 mg of pseudoephedrine sulfate every 12 h for 7 d compared with reference standards. The reference standards used in this study were concomitant administration of conventional 2-mg dexbrompheniramine maleate tablets every 4 h and 120-mg pseudoephedrine sulfate repeat-action tablets every 12 h, each for 7 d. Twelve healthy adult male volunteers completed this randomized two-way crossover study. Blood samples for subsequent assay were obtained at frequent time intervals throughout each 7-d dosing phase. Sensitive and specific gas-liquid chromatographic methods were used for the determination of dexbrompheniramine and pseudoephedrine in plasma. Based on the plasma levels, the times to reach steady state were determined. In addition, the major bioavailability parameters (Cmin, Cmax, tmax, and AUC) for days 6 and 7 of dosing were determined and statistically evaluated. The results of this study demonstrate that, at steady state, the repeat-action combination tablet and concomitant administration of the reference standards are bioequivalent.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981411/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3981411
|
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] |
3,981,479 |
The effects of cognitive task demand on subjective stress and blood glucose levels in diabetics and non-diabetics.
|
Edwards C C, Yates A J AJ
|
Journal of psychosomatic research . Vol. 29, No. 1, 1985
|
Blood glucose levels (BGLs) and subjective estimate of stress levels (SESLs) were measured repeatedly in 45 min baseline sessions on three successive days in insulin-dependent diabetic and non-diabetic groups. In the diabetic groups the initial level of BG was twice that of the non-diabetic group and BGLs declined steadily within each session but not across sessions whereas BGLs in the non-diabetic group remained steady both within and across sessions. On two subsequent days half of each group performed a high demand and half a low demand task, BGLs and SESLs being assessed before, during and after the stress period. Stress did not appear to induce significant changes in BGL in any of the groups even though SESL measures indicated that the task appeared stressful to the groups. The implications of these findings for the relationship between stress and increases or decreases in BGL are discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981479/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3981479
|
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3,981,482 |
Biofeedback, self-control and tension headache.
|
Abramowitz S I SI, Bell N W NW
|
Journal of psychosomatic research . Vol. 29, No. 1, 1985
|
This research tested the belief that muscle contractions are a primary source of tension headache. EMG level was found to be associated with both headache-specific and more global symptoms following biofeedback training. However, the level of pretreatment relationship between EMG level and headache symptoms was weak, and the amount of reduction in EMG activity over the course of biofeedback did not explain improvement. In addition, although the voluntary control over muscle spasming evidence by lowered EMG readings appeared to enhance patients' post-treatment level of self-control, this cognitive process variable also could not account for outcome variance. The results offer limited support for the muscle-origins conception of tension headache and suggest the need for further research to clarify the contribution of physiological, cognitive and social factors to pain reduction.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981482/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3981482
|
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3,981,625 |
Effects of diazepam (Valium) and trait anxiety on human physical aggression and emotional state.
|
Wilkinson C J CJ
|
Journal of behavioral medicine . Vol. 8, No. 1, 1985 Mar
|
The effects of diazepam (10 mg orally) and trait anxiety on the aggressive behavior of normal male undergraduates were studied in a competitive reaction time task paradigm which entails shock setting with an increasingly provocative "opponent." Diazepam produced an aggression-enhancing effect which was specifically shown only by the low-trait anxious group under low provocation and generally shown by all groups under conditions of higher provocation. Reductions in state anxiety following diazepam ingestion were seen most clearly in the high- and, somewhat, the moderate-trait anxious groups. In contrast, the low-trait anxious group evidenced an increase in depression but little change in anxiety. The results are consistent with reports of the ability of antianxiety drugs to disinhibit suppressed behaviors. Moreover, trait anxiety appears to mediate the effects of diazepam on both mood states and aggressive behavior.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981625/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3981625
|
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] |
3,981,627 |
Are social-psychological smoking prevention programs effective? The Waterloo study.
|
Flay B R BR, Ryan K B KB, Best J A JA, Brown K S KS, Kersell M W MW, d'Avernas J R JR, Zanna M P MP
|
Journal of behavioral medicine . Vol. 8, No. 1, 1985 Mar
|
Recent evaluations of smoking prevention programs have suggested considerable promise for curricula emphasizing resistance of social influences. The present study extends these evaluations by addressing key methodological limitations in previous work. Twenty-two matched schools were randomized to experimental and control conditions. Grade 6 students received a 6-week core curriculum, plus additional sessions through Grades 7 and 8. Questionnaires, and saliva samples to validate self-reported smoking behavior, were collected at five times over the 2-year study period. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses examined program impact for five levels of initial smoking experience, ranging from "never smoker" through regular, weekly smoker. Significant program effects were documented, most clearly for those having some experience with smoking before the program began and for those with smoking peer and family models. This study provides the methodologically most rigorous test to date of social influence programs for smoking prevention and documents for the first time significant effects for those at high risk for smoking.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981627/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3981627
|
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] |
3,981,628 |
Brief consultation and stress management treatments for drug-dependent insomnia: effects on sleep quality, self-efficacy, and daytime stress.
|
Kirmil-Gray K K, Eagleston J R JR, Thoresen C E CE, Zarcone V P VP
|
Journal of behavioral medicine . Vol. 8, No. 1, 1985 Mar
|
Brief consultation and stress management treatments to help insomniacs withdraw from sleep medication were evaluated with 12 drug-dependent women. The effects of treatment were assessed by all-night home polysomnographic recordings and questionnaires. All 12 subjects succeeded in withdrawing from sleep medication and showed a number of improvements independent of the treatment received: (a) decreased latency to sleep onset, (b) increased minutes of Stage 3 sleep and total slow-wave sleep, (c) increased self-efficacy, and (d) reductions in some types of daytime stress. Subjects in the stress management treatment compared to those in the brief consultation program showed (a) significantly greater improvement on latency to sleep onset, total wake time, total dark time, and sleep efficiency, (b) less of an increase in minutes awake after sleep onset, and (c) greater reductions in anger and depression. Results of 6- and 12-month follow-up and partial replication of the brief consultation program are reported.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981628/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3981628
|
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] |
3,981,952 |
The efficacy of quantitative and qualitative chloride titrators in the estimation of human salt intake.
|
Luft F C FC, Aronoff G R GR, Sloan R S RS, Fineberg N S NS, Miller J Z JZ, Free A H AH
|
Klinische Wochenschrift . Vol. 63, No. 2, 1985 Jan 15
|
We evaluated the utility of chloride titrator sticks for facilitating the assessment of dietary salt intake, in a systematic series of clinical trials. These inexpensive devices were applied daily to 24-h or nocturnal urine specimens, thereby avoiding the inter- and intra-subject variability in salt excretion which confounds the use of occasional 24-h urine collections. Chloride and sodium concentrations in urine were highly correlated (r greater than 0.92) in either nocturnal, diurnal, or 24-h collections. The quantitative chloride titrator estimates and measured chloride concentrations were highly correlated as well (r greater than 0.99). The qualitative chloride titrator was graded on a simple scale, and was successfully employed by outpatients attempting to limit their salt intake. Commonly used antihypertensive medications did not interfere with the determinations. Additional chloride intake, such as supplemental potassium chloride, interfered with estimates of salt ingestion, but if the daily amount of potassium chloride supplement was constant, adjustments in interpretation could be made. Renal insufficiency introduced a systematic over-estimation of salt intake by the qualitative chloride tirator, but only at high salt intakes. Relative estimates of salt intake in subjects with renal failure were still possible. We conclude that chloride titrators can facilitate the management of patients who require a prescribed salt intake.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3981952/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3981952
|
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] |
3,982,016 |
Noninvasive measurement of femoral artery pressure for evaluating aortoiliac occlusive disease.
|
Brose W G WG, Pierce G E GE
|
The Journal of surgical research . Vol. 38, No. 3, 1985 Mar
|
Femoral systolic pressures measured by a compression technique (FSCP), were compared with proximal thigh systolic pressures (PTSP), for evaluation of aortoiliac occlusive disease. In phase I FSCP were measured by compressing the artery with a pressure cuff rolled into a cylinder and using disappearance of the profunda femoris Doppler signal (FSCP-D), or flattening of thigh plethysmographic waveforms (FSCP-P), as sensors. In normal extremities the compression techniques yielded false high values. The mean ratio of FSCP-D to brachial systolic pressure, FSCP-D/BSP, was 1.25 +/- 0.06 and the mean FSCP-P/BSP was 1.37 +/- 0.15, a value approximately equal to the mean PTSP/BSP, 1.38 +/- 0.20. In patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease linear regression analysis revealed a good correlation between FSCP-D/BSP and direct intraoperative measurements of femoral/aortic systolic pressure, FSP/ASP, (R = 0.79 and R2 = 0.63), a fair correlation between FSCP-P/BSP and FSP/ASP (R = 0.49, R2 = 0.24) but a poor correlation between PTSP/BSP and FSP/ASP (R = 0.35, R2 = 0.12). In phase II studies a soft bladder was used for arterial compression. In normal extremities the mean FSCP-D/BSP was 1.07 +/- 0.06, close to the predicted normal value of 1.00. In a second group of patients with occlusive disease a better correlation was observed between values of FSCP-D/BSP and FSP/ASP (R = 0.91, R2 = 0.82), than any of the correlations of noninvasive measurements with direct intraoperative values of FSP/ASP obtained in the first phase of the study.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3982016/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
3982016
|
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] |
3,982,238 |
Comparative studies of triacylglycerol structure of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons of normolipemic subjects and patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
|
Myher J J JJ, Kuksis A A, Breckenridge W C WC, McGuire V V, Little J A JA
|
Lipids . Vol. 20, No. 2, 1985 Feb
|
The triacylglycerols of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and of chylomicrons were analyzed in the fasting and postabsorptive states from normolipemic subjects and patients with Frederickson's Type II hyperlipoproteinemia, who subsisted on free choice diets, standard diets excluding lard, or were given a breakfast enriched in lard. The VLDL and chylomicrons were obtained by conventional ultracentrifugation, and the triacylglycerols were isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Representative sn-1,2-, sn-2-3- and sn-1,3-diacylglycerols were generated by partial Grignard degradation of the triacylglycerols and a stereospecific hydrolysis by phospholipase C of the mixed sn-1,2(2,3)-diacyl phosphatidylcholines prepared as intermediates. Representative sn-2-acylglycerols were obtained by hydrolysis with pancreatic lipase. Positional distribution of the fatty acids was established by subtracting in turn the fatty acid composition of the sn-2-position from the fatty acid composition of the sn-1,2- and sn-2,3-diacylglycerols. The molecular association of the fatty acids in the diacylglycerol moieties was determined by gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of the tertiary-butyldimethylsilyl (t-BDMS) ethers. The molecular association of the fatty acids in the triacylglycerols was determined by 1-random 2-random 3-random calculation following experimental validation of the distribution. The results confirm a marked asymmetry in the positional distribution of the fatty acids in all triacylglycerol samples, with the palmitic acid predominantly in the sn-1-position, the unsaturated acids about equally divided between the sn-2- and sn-3-positions, and the stearic acid divided about equally between the sn-1- and sn-3-positions. The overall structure of the VLDL and chylomicron triacylglycerols from patients and control subjects was characterized by a non-correlative distribution of fatty acids under all dietary conditions.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3982238/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3982238
|
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3,982,268 |
Responses of pre- and post-menopausal females to aerobic conditioning.
|
Cowan M M MM, Gregory L W LW
|
Medicine and science in sports and exercise . Vol. 17, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
This study sought to determine whether the ability to improve cardiorespiratory endurance and body composition is affected by the menopausal status of females. Twenty premenopausal females and 18 postmenopausal females, ages 35-49 and 47-66 yr, respectively, were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups depending on menopausal status. Both exercise groups (PRE-EX, N = 16; POST-EN, N = 14) participated in a progressive walking program (4 days/week for 9 weeks) at an intensity of 80% the age-adjusted heart rate maximum (80% HRM). Following training, both exercise groups significantly improved submaximal exercise capacity (SEC) as measured by oxygen consumption (l/min; ml/kg . min) and treadmill walking time at 80% HRM. The PRE-EX group significantly improved percent body fat and lean body weight, while there was no significant change in total body weight. The POST-EX group significantly improved total body weight and percent body fat with no significant change in lean body weight. Although some of these changes in body composition were statistically significant, overall the alterations were minimal. ANCOVA revealed exercise, not menopause, to be the effective treatment for improving percent body fat and SEC80%HRM. There were no significant differences between the PRE-EX and POST-EX groups in their ability to improve SEC80%HRM or to reduce percent body fat. The POST-EX group had a significantly greater reduction in total body weight, while the PRE-EX group had significantly greater increases in lean body weight. These findings suggest that the ability to favorably alter body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance through the aerobic conditioning of females is independent of menopausal status.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3982268/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
3982268
|
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] |
3,982,273 |
Failure of caffeine to affect substrate utilization during prolonged running.
|
Casal D C DC, Leon A S AS
|
Medicine and science in sports and exercise . Vol. 17, No. 1, 1985 Feb
|
Nine sub-3-h male marathoners performed three 45-min monitored treadmill runs at approximately 75% of VO2max during a 2-wk period. The men were assigned in a random, double-blind fashion following the control run to receive either 350 ml of decaffeinated coffee or 350 ml of decaffeinated coffee with 400 mg of caffeine added 1 h before the second run with crossover to the other beverage for the third run. Venous blood was analyzed for free fatty acids, triglycerides, glucose, and lactic acid before beverage consumption and before and after each run. Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (R), ventilation (VE), and perceived exertion were measured at 15, 30, and 45 min of each run. Of the blood parameters, free fatty acid and lactic acid concentration increased following caffeine ingestion. There was no difference in VO2, VCO2, or R between the three runs. Perceived exertion showed a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) at each time point in caffeine added and decaffeinated compared to control. Triglycerides, glucose, and lactic acid increased similarly in all three runs. In these well-trained marathoners, although plasma free fatty acids were elevated significantly prior to exercise after caffeine ingestion, there was no indirect evidence of altered substrate utilization during subsequent treadmill running.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3982273/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
3982273
|
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] |
3,982,468 |
The western Washington randomized trial of intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. A 12-month follow-up report.
|
Kennedy J W JW, Ritchie J L JL, Davis K B KB, Stadius M L ML, Maynard C C, Fritz J K JK
|
The New England journal of medicine . Vol. 312, No. 17, 1985 Apr 25
|
After cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography, 134 patients who had had an acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to treatment with intracoronary streptokinase (4000 U per minute, begun approximately 4 1/2 hours after the onset of symptoms, for a total of 286,000 +/- 77,800 U over 72 +/- 24 minutes); 116 control patients received standard care after they returned to the coronary care unit, immediately after angiography. Preliminary results of this trial have been published in the Journal (1983; 309:1477-81). During the first 30 days, 5 deaths occurred in the streptokinase group and 13 occurred in the control group (3.7 vs 11.2 per cent, P = 0.02); during the first year, the corresponding figures were 11 and 17 deaths (8.2 vs. 14.7 per cent, P = 0.10). However, when a minor imbalance in the ejection fraction and infarct location between the two groups was adjusted by logistic regression, the difference in one-year mortality became significant (P = 0.03). In the streptokinase group, 2 of the 80 patients in whom perfusion was reestablished (2.5 per cent) had died by one year, whereas 3 of the 13 with partial reperfusion (23.1 per cent) and 6 of the 41 with no reperfusion (14.6 per cent) had died (P = 0.008). Mortality among patients with partial reperfusion was not significantly different from that among those without reperfusion (P greater than 0.90). No base-line clinical, angiographic, or hemodynamic variable was predictive of successful reperfusion, according to univariate and multivariate analyses. We conclude that intracoronary streptokinase reduces one-year mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction, but this improvement occurs only among those in whom thrombolysis results in coronary artery reperfusion.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3982468/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
3982468
|
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] |
3,982,576 |
Comparison of 1 alpha-OH-vitamin D3 and high doses of calcium carbonate for the control of hyperparathyroidism and hyperaluminemia in patients on maintenance dialysis.
|
Morinière P P, Fournier A A, Leflon A A, Hervé M M, Sebert J L JL, Grégoire I I, Bataille P P, Guéris J J
|
Nephron . Vol. 39, No. 4, 1985
|
27 patients on hemodialysis (dialysate aluminium less than 0.7 mumol/l for 2 years, and 2 mumol/l before) whose plasma Ca and PO4 were adequately controlled for already 6 months by high doses of CaCO3 alone (mean +/- SD: 9 +/- 5 g/day), were randomly divided into 2 groups, a control group (c group) which was kept on the same treatment, and a group in which CaCO3 was reduced to 3 g/day but in which plasma Ca was kept normal due to 1 alpha-OH-vitamin D3 administration (1 microgram/day at the beginning, 0.3 microgram/day after 6 months; 1 alpha group) whereas plasma phosphate was kept below 6.0 mg/dl because of Al(OH)3 (2.7-5 g/day). Initially, the 2 groups were comparable as regards the plasma concentrations of total and ionized Ca, phosphate, alkaline phosphatases, medium and C-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) and aluminium, but the control group had lower plasma 25-OH-vitamin D (25-OHD.) After 6 months, the same difference in plasma 25-OHD was found with comparable plasma concentrations of total and ionized calcium as well as of medium and C-terminal PTH (beta error 1%). However, plasma concentration of phosphate and the plasma Ca phosphate product, as well as the plasma aluminium were higher in the 1 alpha group whereas their PCO3H- was lower. Although the alkaline phosphatase values were not significantly different between the 2 groups, they increased only in the control group because of 1 patient who developed a vitamin-D-deficient osteomalacia (plasma 25-OHD 3 ng/ml), which was subsequently cured by physiological doses of 25-OHD3. The incidence of transient hypercalcemia (15 vs. 21 episodes) and worsening of soft tissue calcifications (3 in each group) was the same in the 2 groups.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3982576/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
3982576
|
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0.15047676861286163,
-0.214782252907753,
-0.21065424382686615,
0.22954848408699036,
-0.282629132270813,
-0.06935960054397583,
-0.038406677544116974,
-0.4372636675834656,
-0.09303341805934906,
-0.12211692333221436,
0.23917420208454132,
-0.006733972579240799,
-0.1277073174715042,
0.23200593888759613,
0.002984399441629648,
-0.08590923994779587,
0.12977002561092377,
-0.006562403403222561,
0.23786675930023193,
0.3736441731452942,
-0.11454273015260696,
-0.13690537214279175
] |
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