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ROCOv2-radiology

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ROCOv2_2023_train_000001

Head CT demonstrating left parotiditis.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000002

Acquired renal cysts in end-stage renal failure: 16-year-old girl with Alport syndrome and peritoneal dialysis from the age of 2 years

ROCOv2_2023_train_000003

Computed tomography of the chest showing the right breast nodule with irregular margins

ROCOv2_2023_train_000004

Lateral view of the sacrum showing the low contrast between bone and soft tissue.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000005

Thoracic CT scan showing perihilar pulmonary lymphadenomegaly

ROCOv2_2023_train_000006

5.1 cm x 3.4 cm x 4 cm multiloculated hepatic abscess in the inferior posterior aspect of the right lobe

ROCOv2_2023_train_000007

Repeat CT abdomen and pelvis showing resolution of collection with no new abscess

ROCOv2_2023_train_000008

Computed tomography of the head on Day 0 shows mild to moderate hydrocephalus with the presence of a right posterior parietal VP shunt tube that traverses the right lateral ventricle.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000009

Computed tomography of the head on Day 22 shows dilated left lateral ventricle with parenchymal hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe (black arrows) and intraventricular hemorrhage (white arrow) despite ventriculostomy tubes.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000010

Preop CT showing left orbital floor fracture

ROCOv2_2023_train_000011

Postop 22-month CT scan (sagittal): Posteriorly the graft seated in a sound bone

ROCOv2_2023_train_000012

Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of head revealed bilateral cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres abnormal meningeal enhancement.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000013

Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of spinal cord delineated multiple enhancement nodules in spinal cord, cauda equina, and cristae membrane (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000014

Sagittal T2-SPAIR image illustrating the "fluid sign (arrow)" in the acute osteoporotic compression fracture.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000015

CT demonstrating partially obstructed airway.CT: computed tomography.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000016

CT demonstrating the minimum diameter of the patient's airway.CT: computed tomography.This CT image demonstrates the minimum luminal airway dimension found which was 8 mm x 3 mm. 

ROCOv2_2023_train_000017

Strawberry skull.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000018

Hypotelorism.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000019

Low set ears.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000020

Atrial septal defect.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000021

Single umbilical artery seen on axial section.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000022

Abdominopelvic ultrasound scan showed ectopic kidneys at the hemi-pelvis, fused in their upper poles, normal size and texture of the kidneys with normal corticomedullary differentiation, no stones or obstructive changes

ROCOv2_2023_train_000023

Computed tomography urography. The right kidney is ectopically placed in the pelvis, measures 9.6 cm bipolar length, and is medially and inferiorly faced. The left kidney is also ectopically placed in the pelvis, measures 9.3 cm in bipolar length, is mal-rotated as the pelvis faces upward and laterally, both kidneys are partially fused at their upper poles

ROCOv2_2023_train_000024

Left coronary angiography showing the presence of two coronary arteriovenous fistulas (CAFs), originating from the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (Cx) coronary arteries draining into the pulmonary artery

ROCOv2_2023_train_000025

Right coronary angiography showing the presence of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva (RCSV) with a coronary arteriovenous fistula (CAFs) draining into the pulmonary artery

ROCOv2_2023_train_000026

Previous CT scan of abdomen showing two pseudocysts in the pancreatic tail (white arrows).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000027

New CTA of abdomen showing huge variegated hematoma (yellow arrows) suggesting recent hemorrhage.CTA, CT with angiography

ROCOv2_2023_train_000028

Chest CT scan revealed fibrosis within the irregular strip located in dorsal anasal segment of lower lobes.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000029

Coronal view of the intra-nasal foreign body.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000030

Sagittal view of the calcified nasal packing.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000031

Transverse view of the calcified foreign body. Extensive sinusitis of the right and left maxillary sinuses is evident.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000032

Chest radiograph showing reticular opacities prominent in bilateral mid and lower zones.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000033

CT chest showing ground-glass opacities with bilateral minimal pleural effusion.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000034

Follow up chest radiograph after 4 weeks showing radiological resolution.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000035

Coronary angiogram illustrating spasm in the LAD.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000036

After administration of IV nitrates and resolution of the narrowing in the LAD.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000037

Ventricular fibrillation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000038

Abdominal CT. Abdominal CT shows a mass communicated with the small intestinal lumen (white arrow), and the outer and inner margins of the mass are irregular. A lymph node involvement is observed in the adjacent mesentery (red arrow)

ROCOv2_2023_train_000039

Abdominal CT. After enhancement, abdominal CT shows a small low-density lesion in the seventh segment of the liver (black arrow)

ROCOv2_2023_train_000040

Chest CT. Chest CT shows an irregular contours mass in anterior mediastinum with mild heterogenetic enhancement (white arrow)

ROCOv2_2023_train_000041

Chest X-ray showing bilateral clavicular hypoplasia.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000042

A slide from CT abdomen that shows that the patient is very thin with large ascites and very large liver.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000043

Sigmoid colon cancer invading to the retroperitoneum at the time of initial diagnosis.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000044

Retroperitoneal abscess adjacent to the sigmoid colon tumor.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000045

Abnormal air accumulation in the subcutaneous space of the left thigh.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000046

CT of the abdomen showing hepatomegaly

ROCOv2_2023_train_000047

Abdominal ultrasound showing hepatic parenchymal disease

ROCOv2_2023_train_000048

Carpentier type 3B: restrictive leaflet motion—systole (closure): ischaemic mitral regurgitation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000049

FB (cutlery handle) in the DII

ROCOv2_2023_train_000050

Brain MRI Flaire image showing hyperintensities in basal ganglias

ROCOv2_2023_train_000051

Abdominal computed tomography shows an enterolith (white arrow) measuring 3 cm in the proximal afferent loop.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000052

Cervical Spine MRISagittal MRI of the cervical spine demonstrated nodular contrast enhancement of the lesion at the cervicomedullary junction.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000053

Cervical Spine MRI showing rapid enlargement. Sagittal MRI of the cervical spine demonstrated substantial and rapid enlargement of the contrast enhancing lesion at the cervicomedullary junction.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000054

A 5.5 cm AAA in close relation with a 17 cm left renal cyst (one out of many).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000055

Left ureteral catheter in close proximity to the aortic bifurcation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000056

Radiological image (axial cuts)Axial cut, soft tissue window contrast computed tomography of the neck showing a heterogeneously enhancing lesion of both sides of the supraglottis extending to the right pyriform sinus (lower arrow) invading the thyroid cartilage (upper arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000057

Chest radiograph (postero-anterior view) with calcification in the right heart border (arrows).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000058

Chest computed tomography (axial view) with cystic lesion in the pericardium (arrows).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000059

Transthoracic 4 chamber echocardiogram poorly defined pericardial mass overlying right atrial border (arrow) [18]

ROCOv2_2023_train_000060

Time-of-flight MRA Obtained One Month After Initial ImagingTime-of-flight MR angiogram (MRA) one month after the patient was initially noted to be unresponsive showed absence of flow-related signal in the circle of Willis and branch arteries bilaterally. Red arrowheads indicate the distal internal carotid arteries with a lack of intracranial arterial flow.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000061

Transoesophageal echocardiography showing mid esophageal 20° view. Left atrium tumor. RA right atrium, LA left atrium

ROCOv2_2023_train_000062

Computed tomography; Transverse section: 6 cm defect involving the right atrium and the right inferior pulmonary vein, which appears markedly enlarged

ROCOv2_2023_train_000063

MRI of the patient showed a soft/hard tissue mass (37 mm × 30 mm × 42 mm) in the anterior/posterior compartment of the left lower leg.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000064

Sonographic craniocaudal measurement of a pancreatic allograft

ROCOv2_2023_train_000065

Postoperative radiograph taken after PROSTALAC (prosthesis of antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement) insertion and drainage of the iliopsoas bursa.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000066

Oblique coronal slices

ROCOv2_2023_train_000067

PA chest X-ray revealed a well-demarcated 6 cm peripheral opacity in the left lower lobe nearly by the diaphragm.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000068

Bone scintigraphy. Increased uptake in bilateral distal tibia, calcaneum, and midfoot bones corresponding to prior MRI findings, are in keeping with infective/inflammatory changes. No suspicious focus of increased radiotracer uptake is seen in the rest of the skeletal system to suggest disease involvement.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000069

CT imaging of the abdomen revealed a small air collection within the wall of the ileum (red arrow); however, the finding was not clear.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000070

The small air collection within the wall of the ileum was more clearly defined as a smooth‐layered air collection (red arrow) using the lung window setting.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000071

OPG showing cystic lesion.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000072

CT scan showing lesion in right hemimandible.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000073

An asymptomatic patient who had underwent two level fusion at C3-C4, and C4-C5. A sagittal section magnetic resonance imaging scan showed minimal indentation at C2-C3, and C6-C7 levels, suggestive of radiological adjacent segment pathology.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000074

Sagittal section magnetic resonance imaging scan showing indentation at C3-C4 level, suggestive of adjacent segment pathology, in a case featuring three level fusions at C4-C7 and only axial neck pain.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000075

X-ray hip. Crescent sign. Arrows showing the hypointense crescent.(Courtesy 

ROCOv2_2023_train_000076

MRI left hip T1T1 MRI image encircled, showing osteonecrosis in the femoral headband-like lesion.MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging

ROCOv2_2023_train_000077

Post-op grafting X-ray. X-ray showing bone grafting after decompression with the help of k-wires (Kirschner wires).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000078

X-ray left hip with Tantalum rod. Tantalum rod in vivo highlighted by an arrow.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000079

Three-dimensional ultrasound carotid artery longitudinal view in clinical trials [40]. Both baseline and follow-up 3D images, constructed from the set of 2D frames, were examined simultaneously to visually match the bifurcation (BF) points in both images by an operator blinded to time point and treatment. Each 3D US image was manually segmented starting from the bifurcation point extending into around 10–15 mm of common carotid artery (CCA) and about 10 mm into internal carotid artery (ICA) at 1 mm interval perpendicular to the artery axis; refer to Figure 3. This study was only carried out on the CCA, since the focus was on stroke risk.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000080

“Prone Breast CT Slice.” Slice of prone breast treatment plan, demonstrating an intended reduction in absorbed dose near the breast board/skin interface.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000081

Ultrasonogram of thyroid showing calcifications with hypoechoic lesion (label).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000082

Ductus arteriosus in TOF-PA arising proximally from the underside of the aortic arch inserting onto the proximal part of the LPA. Significant stenosis of the LPA is present. The tip of a JR catheter passed transvenously into the aorta via the VSD is engaged in the ampulla for adequate visualization

ROCOv2_2023_train_000083

Fluoroscopic barium study demonstrating oral contrast agent progression through the small bowel at 5 min after ingestion.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000084

Fluoroscopic barium study demonstrating oral contrast agent progression through the small bowel at 30 min after ingestion.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000085

Fluoroscopic barium study demonstrating oral contrast agent progression through the small bowel at 1 h after ingestion. The stomach is distended, with dilated bowel loops throughout the abdomen.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000086

Fluoroscopic barium study demonstrating oral contrast agent progression through the small bowel at 5 h after ingestion. Dilated bowel loops can be visualized throughout the abdomen, and transit time is delayed. Impression—high-grade distal small bowel obstruction.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000087

Abdominal X-ray showing scattered air-fluid levels in minimally prominent small bowel loops (case  1).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000088

Dilated multiple loops of proximal small bowel with collapsed distal loops of small bowel consistent with small bowel obstruction (case  1).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000089

Chest X-ray showing the massive cardiomegaly.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000090

FDG-PET showed accumulation, with a maximum standardized uptake value of 2.9 for the lesion, and the possibility of malignancy could not be excluded

ROCOv2_2023_train_000091

Chest X-ray showing no evidence of acute lung pathology.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000092

Grey-scale sonographic image of the same invasive lobular carcinoma shown in Fig. 1. Note the typical sonographic presentation with irregular margins, posterior acoustic shadowing, and disruption of normal fascial planes. Calipers are placed on the image to delineate margins of the mass

ROCOv2_2023_train_000093

Chest radiography, posterior view showing pneumothorax at right.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000094

Computed tomography. Post-operative 2 years computed tomography at portal phase showing multicentric recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000095

Normal upper gastrointestinal barium study post bariatric gastric bypass. Showing surgical drain (short arrow), gastric pouch (long arrow), jejunum distal to gastro-jejunostomy (hashed arrow). Note the normal jejunal fold pattern.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000096

Normal upper abdominal CT scan with intravenous contrast medium. Gastric pouch (long arrow), staple line crossing the gastric body and defunctioning the distal stomach (short arrow). Note the undistended gastric remnant and normal calibre small bowel.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000097

Upper abdominal CT scan with IV contrast enhancement 10 days post bypass procedure, showing a large irregular abscess containing gas and semi-solid material in the upper abdomen (short arrows). Note the upper margin of the gastric staple line (long arrow). The collection was drained percutaneously but a further laparotomy was required to repair a leak at the gastro-jejunostomy site.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000098

Upper gastrointestinal contrast study performed several weeks after bypass surgery. The gastric staple line has broken down and contrast enters the defunctioned stomach (arrows). Note the gas filled fundus/gastric pouch (asterix).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000099

Upper abdominal CT examination in a patient approximately three months after bariatric gastric bypass, performed for upper abdominal pain. There are abnormal liver appearances with multiple small well defined areas of low attenuation (long arrows) together with a larger more confluent area with a typical ‘geographical’ appearance peripherally in the right lobe (short arrows). These changes were due to patchy fatty infiltration.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000100

Upper GI contrast study after gastric banding showing rapid transit past the band (arrows) indicating that it is too loose.