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ROCOv2-radiology

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ROCOv2_2023_train_000201

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).The cystic duct and common bile duct are markedly distended with a smooth and short narrowing (solid arrow) at the distal aspect. No biliary stone is identified. The main pancreatic duct (dotted arrow) is not involved. Along the distal common duct, there is an area of ill-defined increased T2-weighted signal. The adjacent duodenal wall (*) shows prominently increased T2-weighted signal that reflects oedema which can be reactive to an infiltrative disease.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000202

Computed tomography (CT) of the chest confirms a large right pleural effusion with collapse of the middle and lower lobe.The bulging nodular hypoenhancing mass (*) in the right lower lobe is suspicious for primary bronchogenic malignancy.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000203

Whole-body positron emission tomography with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Intense FDG uptake in the ascending colon and mild focal metabolic activity in the left internal jugular region and diffuse increased FDG activity related to splenic lesions associated with splenomegaly.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000204

Chest X-ray posterior-anterior view showing no features that indicate a mass lesion.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000205

Computed tomography scan of the thorax showing a large lobulated mass in the right upper lobe, measuring 3.3×1.6 cm.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000206

Computer tomography findings at diagnosis, showing large mediastinal mass (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000207

Abdominal radiograph showing strange body image in the left iliac fossa

ROCOv2_2023_train_000208

An angiography image showing two aortopulmonary arteries connecting the descending aorta and the right pulmonary artery, and one collateral artery connecting the descending aorta and the left pulmonary artery

ROCOv2_2023_train_000209

Three abnormal collateral arteries are embolized with 12 Orbit Galaxy detachable coils

ROCOv2_2023_train_000210

Computed tomographic image of the fibrosarcoma of the rostral maxilla and dorsolateral muzzle in case #1. Note the invasion of the lesion into the medial alveolus of the canine tooth (white asterisks) and the soft tissue mass on the lateral aspect of the maxilla (white arrows). This image is representative of all three cases.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000211

Chest radiograph shows focal consolidation of the right lower lung.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000212

Chest radiograph shows resolution of focal consolidation of the right lower lobe.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000213

A preoperative panoramic radiograph.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000214

Panoramic radiograph at 60-month follow-up.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000215

T1-weighted MRI scan of Guyon's canal. The arrow indicates the fatty mass reported as lying atop Guyon's canal.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000216

Figure 3: Intra-operative cystogram showing no communication with pancreatico-biliary ducts and duodenum.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000217

Pulmonary embolism at the level of the bronchus intermedius.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000218

CT angiogram with saddle embolus.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000219

CT angiogram showing pulmonary emboli in the distal right and left pulmonary arteries.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000220

Echocardiogram: an apical four-chamber view showing a 2.2 × 1.4 cm left ventricular thrombus.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000221

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coronal slices showing bilateral subchondral geodes and thinned cortical of mandibular condylar process

ROCOv2_2023_train_000222

Contrast-enhanced CT image shows 3.6 × 4.5 × 3.1 cm well defined heterogeneous enhancing mass in paraaortic space (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000223

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine demonstrating discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis. T1 post-contrast sagittal MRI demonstrating enhancement at the L3–4 intervertebral disc space with erosions in the adjacent endplates (arrow)

ROCOv2_2023_train_000224

Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) of the chest. Hypermetabolic soft tissue (arrows) along the right lateral and anterior aspect of the ascending aortic endograft with a maximum standardized uptake value of 9.4, suspicious for aortic endograft infection

ROCOv2_2023_train_000225

Computed tomography of the abdomen showing gastric and duodenal distention (red arrows) suggestive of small bowel obstruction and narrowing of the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000226

Computed tomography of the abdomen showing gastric and duodenal distention (red arrow) indicating obstruction at the level of the superior mesenteric artery.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000227

Upper gastrointestinal series. Impression of the third part of the duodenum suggestive of superior mesenteric artery syndrome (red arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000228

cervical CT axial view: increased angulation of the right C1 anterior arch fracture (blue arrow)

ROCOv2_2023_train_000229

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 15 min since contrast injection. MRI enhanced with gadoxetate sodium showing a faint uptake of the contrast medium at the central area of the hepatic mass

ROCOv2_2023_train_000230

Margo medialis pedis (MMP) method to determine hallux valgus angle.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000231

Centre Head – Centre base (CC) measuring method, pre- and postoperative site.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000232

Shaft bisection (SB) measuring method.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000233

Findings on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) at the sixth episode of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Contrast-enhanced CT showed no marked bleeding sources or collaterals.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000234

Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography. The right atrial tumor (40 × 20 mm) originated from the interatrial septum. The tumor had a tail-like surface projection, which prolapsed into the right ventricle during diastole. RV, right ventricle; RA, right atrium.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000235

Post-op MRI Brain, T1W axial section showing a well-defined lobulated non-enhancing cystic lesion in right parietal lobe communicating with right lateral ventricle with dilated occipital horn.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000236

Contrast-enhanced transthoracic echocardiography. Passage of microbubbles to the left atrium during the first three beats after right atrial opacification

ROCOv2_2023_train_000237

The plain radiograph of initial visit to our hospital at 7 years before surgery. Osteoarthritic changes in both hips without acetabular dysplasia were identified.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000238

The plain radiograph before surgery. End-stage osteoarthritis was revealed in both hips.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000239

Postoperative plain radiograph. Hybrid THA was performed on both hips.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000240

Abdominal native CT-scan made 1 h after enteroclysis showing contrast media in the enterostomy (A), intestine (B) and renal pelvis bilaterally (C).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000241

FDG PET/CT scans showing metabolic response to therapy. Response in the 26 year old female with classic Hodgkin's lymphoma with sirolimus and vorinostat after 6 lines of therapy. Pre-treatment scans show extensive lymphoma. Scans after 3 cycles of therapy show an exceptional response and decreased SUV activity.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000242

Ultrasound scan in axial plane at the level ofthe fetal pelvic region, shows the bladder brought forward by the cystic mass of dense content (white arrow), at the midsagittal septum (yellow arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000243

Ultrasound scan after the bladder was completely empty, shows the septated cystic mass (white arrow) occupying the region of the newborn's uterus.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000244

Anteroposterior radiograph of the chest from a 3-year-old girl shows dextrocardia with left-sided aortic arch and stomach. There is a gastric bubble with an elevated left hemidiaphragm.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000245

Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis from a 3-year-old girl shows the normal articulation of the proximal femurs with hip joints; however, there is slight breakage of the left Shenton line.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000246

Large area splenic infarct based on CT angiography of the portal venous system.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000247

Hypoechoic and thickened plantar fascia: 0.83 cm

ROCOv2_2023_train_000248

Selecting the entry point for partial plantar fasciotomy

ROCOv2_2023_train_000249

Panoramic view of patient after 6 years of implant surgery

ROCOv2_2023_train_000250

Chest X-ray findings of COVID-19 pneumonia: frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes with bilateral perihilar ground glass opacities and peripheral airspace consolidations (blue arrows) in a predominately mid and lower lobe distribution.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000251

Early stage COVID-19 (0–4 days): Axial CT scan of the chest in a 52-year-old man with COVID-19 predominantly demonstrates peripheral ground glass opacities (blue arrows).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000252

Myocardial infarction (MI) in a 56-year-old man: Two chamber post-contrast cardiac MRI shows transmural delayed enhancement consistent with MI involving the inferolateral base of the left ventricle.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000253

Acute thromboembolic infarction in a 57-year-old: Axial non-contrast CT scan demonstrates left hyperdense middle cerebral artery (MCA) sign (blue arrow), with increased density in the M1 segment of the left MCA, consistent with acute thromboembolic occlusion. There is subtle loss of gray-white matter differentiation, hypodensity, and engorgement along the left insular ribbon and temporal operculum (loss of insular ribbon sign), reflecting acute infarction (green arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000254

Intracranial hemorrhage in a 60-year-old: Axial non-contrast CT scan demonstrates intraparenchymal hemorrhage within the right basal ganglia and thalamus, with associated intraventricular extension, dilatation, and midline shift (blue arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000255

Guillain-Barré syndrome: Axial post-contrast T1 MRI of lumbar spine demonstrates diffuse enhancement without enlargement of the ventral and dorsal nerve roots (blue arrows).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000256

Axial post-contrast CT scan demonstrates diffuse bowel wall thickening of the distal duodenum and jejunum (blue arrow), indicative of gastroenteritis.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000257

The isodose curve distribution of tumor after seed implantation from CT scan. The inner red curve represents tumor. The ellipses are iso-dose lines of 200, 145, 120 and 45 Gy from inside, respectively.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000258

Representative right ventricular segmentation used in Feature Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Abbreviations: ST = subtricuspid region; AW = anterior wall region; AP = apical region

ROCOv2_2023_train_000259

Image of this patient’s computed tomography with the foreign body located near the gastroesophageal junction (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000260

Preoperative RP. The right ureter shifted medial (red arrows) compared with the normal position

ROCOv2_2023_train_000261

Plain abdominal radiography of patient 2: Distension of the large bowel and gas-fluid-levels as signs for a large bowel obstruction.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000262

The 5.5 × 3.9 cm pseudoaneurysm 41 days after biopsy.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000263

Selective angiography of the EIA demonstrates IEA pseudoaneurysm (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000264

Successful embolization with metallic coils proximal and distal to the pseudoaneurysm neck.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000265

A more medial entry point has corrected the neck shaft angle but some lateral translation of the proximal fragment has occurred.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000266

Thin-layer computed tomography demonstrating a small thickening of the right mid ureter.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000267

Non-contrast brain CT demonstrating bleeding on right basal ganglia.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000268

Small luminal outpouching to innominate artery (arrow) in chest subclavian angiography.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000269

Ultrasound image of a nodule in a patient with Classic Kaposi Sarcoma. The formation is homogeneous, hypoechoic, with clear and well-defined contours. It involves the epidermis and derma and it is associated to ectasia of local-regional vessels in adipose sub-cutaneous tissue.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000270

Vascular aspects of Classic KS. Classic Kaposi Sarcoma lesion, with slight vascularisation (only one vascular pole), in a small superficial hypoechoic lesion, is evident.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000271

Pretreatment chest X-ray.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000272

Posttreatment chest X-ray.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000273

Posttreatment CT scan.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000274

Frequent locations of fronto-basal fractures with CSF leak (green) and medial orbital fractures (blue)

ROCOv2_2023_train_000275

Pneu-encephalon with Mount Fuji sign in the axial CT scan

ROCOv2_2023_train_000276

The preoperative chest X-ray shows the tracheal deviation to the right side.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000277

The preoperative chest computed tomography scan. (A) the diameter of the right main bronchus, 12.5 mm. (B) the diameter of left main bronchus, 8.6 mm.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000278

A cross-sectional slice of CT abdomen showing left colonic mass with extramural extension.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000279

CT scan of a 69-years-old male with IPF and squamous cell carcinoma.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000280

CT scan of a 72-years-old male with IPF and adenocarcinoma.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000281

CT of abdomen with contrast revealing small pockets of intra-abdominal free air noted throughout the whole abdomen with mild fat stranding at the level of the mesenterium at the left paramedial lower abdomen and small amount of intrapelvic free fluid. A background of significant diverticular disease involving a redundant sigmoid which courses cranially to the umbilical region as well as scattered throughout the entire colon. This is suspicious for perforation within a hollow viscus (red arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000282

Occlusal view showing extent of bone involvement

ROCOv2_2023_train_000283

Longitudinal triplex sonogram of a myomatous uterus showing the waveform pattern and Doppler indices of a perifibroid (peripheral) artery.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000284

Measurement method of prevertebral soft tissue swelling. The prevertebral soft tissue was measured between the anterior surface of each vertebral body and the air shadow of the airway.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000285

Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging on the second day of hospitalization. The image shows an extensive epidural abscess with evidence of discitis in the L5/S1 region

ROCOv2_2023_train_000286

Positron emission tomography performed 10 days prior to presentation showing fludeoxyglucose uptake in the proximal appendix without surrounding inflammation consistent with appendiceal metastasis (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000287

Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography of the abdomen performed in the emergency department showing a dilated appendix with enhancing wall and surrounding fat stranding (arrow) suggestive of acute appendicitis.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000288

MRI (T1-weighted with gadoliunium) at presentation in April 2008.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000289

MRI (T1-weighted with gadolinium) at detection of seeded metastasis September 2009.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000290

Postoperative contrast‐enhanced chest computed tomography. The right heart returns to a normal contour (black arrows), and the tricuspid annulus is repaired with a prosthetic annulus (white arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000291

Sagittal MRI image showing the rectal tumour commencing approximately 9 cm from the anal verge and extending 10 cm proximally into the distal sigmoid colon.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000292

Voiding cystourethrogram showing grade 4 vesicoureteral reflux with intrarenal reflux (arrows) on left and grade 3 vesicoureteral reflux without intrarenal reflux on right sides.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000293

MRI image of the subcutaneous lesion.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000294

Changes of bronchiectasis in the lungs.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000295

Computed tomography image of abdomen showing ascites, peritoneal enhancement and aortic thrombosis.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000296

Lateral radiograph of cervical spine showing the segmental height ratio (SHR) measuring method. Segmental height ratio=segmental height (line A)/AP diameter of the mid vertebral body (line B).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000297

Lateral radiograph of cervical spine showing the segmental lordotic angle (SLA) measuring method. There is a Cobb's angle between the upper endplate of the vertebral body and the lower endplate of vertebral body of the fused segment.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000298

Lateral radiograph of cervical spine showing the global lordotic angle (GLA) measuring method. There is a Cobb's angle between the lower endplate of the C2 vertebral body and the lower endplate of C7 vertebral body.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000299

Bladder ultrasound showing trabeculation and bladder wall thickening.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000300

Drip infusion pyelogram showing important dilatation of the upper urinary tract with a partial defect of the distal ureter.