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yesno
|
Does the hERG gene code for a protein which is part of a sodium channel?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['The hERG AKA Human ether-a-go-go-related gene coded for a protein subunit of a potassium channel that conducts delayed rectifier K(+) current']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26363003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24475291",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9272507",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14975928",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8521555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25247487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17882949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16244363",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9556090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19139152",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24154981",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8873679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10613047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103450",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142119",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8995352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24642409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16472284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16967046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12063277",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17311278",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10816797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26775140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9272155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26519040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8587608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23792956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18250496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9570196",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18617000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24045971",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10483966"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26775140",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": " The human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG 1a) potassium channel is critical for cardiac repolarization"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels conduct delayed rectifier K(+) current. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10613047",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 939,
"offsetInEndSection": 1187,
"text": "The KvLQT1 and minK genes code the slowly activating, delayed rectifier (Iks) potassium channel, the HERG gene code the rapidly activating, delayed rectifier (Ikr) potassium channel of the heart, while the SCN5A gene codes a cardiac sodium channel."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18250496",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 432,
"offsetInEndSection": 705,
"text": "The molecular basis of inherited disorders caused by a mutation in either the gene coding for a particular potassium channel called HERG-or another gene, SCN5A, which codes for the sodium channel and disruption of which results in a loss of inactivation of the Na+ current."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142119",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "The aim of this study was to test whether a recently reported polymorphism in the HERG gene coding for the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ channel has influence on myocardial repolarization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10613047",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1187,
"offsetInEndSection": 1426,
"text": "Mutations in KvLQT1, minK and HERG genes affects repolarising, rectifier potassium currents, while SCN5A mutations cause delayed inactivation and reopening of the cardiac sodium channel, which initiates the depolarisation of cardiac cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8587608",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": "A human genetic defect associated with 'long Q-T syndrome', an abnormality of cardiac rhythm involving the repolarization of the action potential, was recently found to lie in the HERG gene, which codes for a potassium channel."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103450",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1433,
"offsetInEndSection": 1612,
"text": "Therefore, matrine and oxymatrine may have the potential to cure LQT2 as a potassium channel activator by promoting hERG channel activation and increasing hERG channel expression."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8995352",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "The human delta1261 mutation of the HERG potassium channel results in a truncated protein that contains a subunit interaction domain and decreases the channel expression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8995352",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "HERG (human eag-related gene) encodes an inward-rectifier potassium channel formed by the assembly of four subunits."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12063277",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "The human ether-?-go-go-related gene (HERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel in the heart."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103450",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the rapidly activating, delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKr) important for cardiac repolarization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12063277",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Role of glycosylation in cell surface expression and stability of HERG potassium channels."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24154981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "The human ERG protein (HERG or Kv 11.1) encoded by the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (herg) is the pore-forming subunit of the cardiac delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) responsible for action potential (AP) repolarization"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25247487",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "Human ether-a-go-go related gene (herg) encoding HERG K(+) channel has been demonstrated in many previous studies with its association to cell cycle progression and growth in tumor cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8587608",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "A human genetic defect associated with 'long Q-T syndrome', an abnormality of cardiac rhythm involving the repolarization of the action potential, was recently found to lie in the HERG gene, which codes for a potassium channel. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16967046",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Drug-induced long QT syndrome: hERG K+ channel block and disruption of protein trafficking by fluoxetine and norfluoxetine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142119",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 211,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test whether a recently reported polymorphism in the HERG gene coding for the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ channel has influence on myocardial repolarization. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16472284",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 221,
"offsetInEndSection": 477,
"text": "The aim of this study was to test whether the K897T polymorphism of the KCNH2 (HERG) gene coding for the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ channel influences cardiac repolarization assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) of T-wave morphology. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10613047",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 944,
"offsetInEndSection": 1192,
"text": "The KvLQT1 and minK genes code the slowly activating, delayed rectifier (Iks) potassium channel, the HERG gene code the rapidly activating, delayed rectifier (Ikr) potassium channel of the heart, while the SCN5A gene codes a cardiac sodium channel."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10816797",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 953,
"offsetInEndSection": 1264,
"text": "All code for subunits of sodium or potassium channels: two a subunits of the potassium channels (QVLQT1 for LQT1, HERG for LQT2), the a subunit of the sodium channel INa (SCN5A for LQT3), and two regulatory subunits of potassium channels (KCNE1 for LQT5 regulating the KvLQT1 channel and MiRP1 regulating HERG)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9272155",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 445,
"offsetInEndSection": 563,
"text": "The corresponding genes code for potassium channels KVLQT1 (LQT1) and HERG (LQT2) and the sodium channel SCN5A (LQT3)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18250496",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 436,
"offsetInEndSection": 709,
"text": "The molecular basis of inherited disorders caused by a mutation in either the gene coding for a particular potassium channel called HERG-or another gene, SCN5A, which codes for the sodium channel and disruption of which results in a loss of inactivation of the Na+ current."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18250496",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1276,
"offsetInEndSection": 1449,
"text": "There may also be correlation between the strength of binding of the medicinal substance to the potassium channel coded by the HERG gene and prolongation of the QT interval."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24642409",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 416,
"offsetInEndSection": 723,
"text": "We demonstrate that the mRNA 3'UTR of ppk29 affects neuronal firing rates and associated heat-induced seizures by acting as a natural antisense transcript (NAT) that regulates the neuronal mRNA levels of seizure (sei), the Drosophila homolog of the human Ether-à-go-go Related Gene (hERG) potassium channel."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10613047",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1193,
"offsetInEndSection": 1432,
"text": "Mutations in KvLQT1, minK and HERG genes affects repolarising, rectifier potassium currents, while SCN5A mutations cause delayed inactivation and reopening of the cardiac sodium channel, which initiates the depolarisation of cardiac cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18250496",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 710,
"offsetInEndSection": 903,
"text": "Among the congenital forms, particularly interest is focused on the potassium channel coded by the HERG gene located on chromosome 7 and with a key role in the normal electric cardiac activity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16244363",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 147,
"offsetInEndSection": 531,
"text": "By employing heterologous expression and making comparisons to cells expressing wild-type human-ether-a-go-go-related protein (HERG), a potassium channel that contributes to I(Kr) current in ventricular cardiomyocytes, we demonstrate activation of an elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response by the mutant I593R HERG potassium channel implicated in long QT syndrome type 2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531299",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "Correction of defective protein trafficking of a mutant HERG potassium channel in human long QT syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8873679",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 493,
"offsetInEndSection": 603,
"text": "Mutations in the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (HERG), which encodes a delayed-rectifier potassium channel,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9272507",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 372,
"offsetInEndSection": 413,
"text": "s HERG and KvLQT1 potassium channel genes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9556090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 722,
"offsetInEndSection": 771,
"text": "HERG encodes the cardiac I(Kr) potassium channel."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19139152",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 160,
"offsetInEndSection": 239,
"text": "block of the cardiac potassium channel human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23792956",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 222,
"text": "The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming α-subunit of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K(+) channel in the heart, which plays a critical role in cardiac action potential repolarization. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498859",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 48,
"text": "Effects of donepezil on hERG potassium channels."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24475291",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "Human ether-a-go-go related-gene K⁺ channels (hERG) participate in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. HERG channel activity is up-regulated by growth factors"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24045971",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 21,
"offsetInEndSection": 45,
"text": " hERG potassium channels"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8521555",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 161,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "HERG, a K+ channel gene."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
| null | null |
58bdc76102b8c60953000013
| 537 |
yesno
|
Are there any molecular signatures identified for the differentiation between bacterial and viral infections?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, there are molecular signatures identified for the differentiation between bacterial and viral infections.', 'Yes, there are molecular signatures identified for the differentiation between bacterial and viral infections. These include chemiluminescent signatures of circulating phagocytes and transcript host-RNA signatures in host leukocytes.', 'Yes, host transcriptional response diagnostics have identified molecular signatures that can differentiate between bacterial and viral infections across global sites with diverse endemic pathogens.', 'Yes, there have been identified molecular signatures that can differentiate between bacterial and viral infections.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34828783",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37597512",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33938716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25785720",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29795312",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33008730",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34166284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23858444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35184750",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36543117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36543100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37890901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28588308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30619110",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31631046"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34166284",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 191,
"text": "A Novel 29-Messenger RNA Host-Response Assay From Whole Blood Accurately Identifies Bacterial and Viral Infections in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Suspected Infections"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34166284",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1666,
"offsetInEndSection": 1760,
"text": "IMX-BVN-2 demonstrated accuracy for detecting both viral infections and bacterial infections. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34166284",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1230,
"offsetInEndSection": 1652,
"text": "The IMX-BVN-2 bacterial score showed an area under the receiver operating curve for adjudicated bacterial versus ruled out bacterial infection of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.95) compared with 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84-0.94) for procalcitonin with procalcitonin being used in the adjudication. The IMX-BVN-2 viral score area under the receiver operating curve for adjudicated versus ruled out viral infection was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77-0.89)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34166284",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 275,
"offsetInEndSection": 507,
"text": "We aimed to develop and prospectively validate a new, 29-messenger RNA blood-based host-response classifier Inflammatix Bacterial Viral Non-Infected version 2 (IMX-BVN-2) to determine the likelihood of bacterial and viral infections"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1615,
"offsetInEndSection": 1747,
"text": "This is the first review on the use of transcript RNA signatures in febrile children to distinguish viral from bacterial infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 793,
"offsetInEndSection": 1355,
"text": "Transcript host-RNA signatures are a new tool used to differentiate viral from bacterial infections by analyzing the transcriptional biosignatures of RNA in host leukocytes. In this systematic review, we evaluate the efficacy and the possible application of this new diagnostic method in febrile children, along with challenges in its implementation. Our review support the growing evidence that the application of these new tools can improve the characterization of the spectrum of bacterial and viral infections and optimize the use of antibiotics in children."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35184750",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 825,
"offsetInEndSection": 1207,
"text": "LTS: Signature performance varied widely, with median AUCs ranging from 0.55 to 0.96 for bacterial classification and 0.69-0.97 for viral classification. Signature size varied (1-398 genes), with smaller signatures generally performing more poorly (P < 0.04). Viral infection was easier to diagnose than bacterial infection (84% vs. 79% overall accuracy, respectively; P < .001). Ho"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35184750",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Systematic comparison of published host gene expression signatures for bacterial/viral discrimination."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1499,
"offsetInEndSection": 1861,
"text": "The signature performed consistently across different patient subgroups and detected bacterial immune responses in viral PCR-positive patients.CONCLUSIONS: The findings validate the high diagnostic performance of the TRAIL/IP-10/CRP signature in a broad paediatric cohort, and support its potential to reduce antibiotic overuse in children with viral infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700762",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1687,
"offsetInEndSection": 1847,
"text": "The host-protein signature demonstrated superior diagnostic performance in differentiating viral from bacterial respiratory infections and fever without source."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700762",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 212,
"text": "A host-protein signature is superior to other biomarkers for differentiating between bacterial and viral disease in patients with respiratory infection and fever without source: a prospective observational study."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36543100",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 62,
"offsetInEndSection": 280,
"text": "A new 8-gene blood RNA signature to discriminate bacterial and viral infections extends our focus hitherto on the case mix from the US and Europe to include that of low- and middle-income countries.1 Challenges remain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36543117",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1031,
"offsetInEndSection": 1188,
"text": "The 8-gene signature meets the target product profile proposed by the World Health Organization and others for distinguishing bacterial and viral infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36543117",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 578,
"offsetInEndSection": 844,
"text": "Using these 69 datasets, we identify an 8-gene signature to distinguish intracellular or extracellular bacterial infections from viral infections with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) > 0.91 (85.9% specificity and 90.2% sensitivity)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25785720",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "A novel host-proteome signature for distinguishing between acute bacterial and viral infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2883,
"offsetInEndSection": 3236,
"text": "Of the children in the indeterminate groups, 46.3% (63/136) were classified as having bacterial infection, although 94.9% (129/136) received antibiotic treatment.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides preliminary data regarding test accuracy of a 2-transcript host RNA signature discriminating bacterial from viral infection in febrile children."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29795312",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "Recently, a biomarker signature consisting of 2-transcript host RNAs was proposed for discriminating bacterial from viral infections in febrile children."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1048,
"offsetInEndSection": 1320,
"text": "tory diseases (n = 48) and on published gene expression datasets.EXPOSURES: A 2-transcript RNA expression signature distinguishing bacterial infection from viral infection was evaluated against clinical and microbiological diagnosis.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Definite ba"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700762",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 342,
"offsetInEndSection": 1798,
"text": "validated recently for differentiating bacterial from viral disease. However, a focused head-to-head comparison of its diagnostic performance against other biomarker candidates for this indication was lacking in patients with respiratory infection and fever without source. We compared the signature to other biomarkers and prediction rules using specimens collected prospectively at two secondary medical centers from children and adults. Inclusion criteria included fever > 37.5 °C, symptom duration ≤ 12 days, and presentation with respiratory infection or fever without source. Comparator method was based on expert panel adjudication. Signature and biomarker cutoffs and prediction rules were predefined. Of 493 potentially eligible patients, 314 were assigned unanimous expert panel diagnosis and also had sufficient specimen volume. The resulting cohort comprised 175 (56%) viral and 139 (44%) bacterial infections. Signature sensitivity 93.5% (95% CI 89.1-97.9%), specificity 94.3% (95% CI 90.7-98.0%), or both were significantly higher (all p values < 0.01) than for CRP, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, human neutrophil lipocalin, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and prediction rules. Signature identified as viral 50/57 viral patients prescribed antibiotics, suggesting potential to reduce antibiotic overuse by 88%. The host-protein signature demonstrated superior diagnostic performance in differentiating viral from bacterial"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30619110",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 30,
"offsetInEndSection": 1879,
"text": "infections (ARIs) are the leading indication for antibacterial prescriptions despite a viral etiology in the majority of cases. The lack of available diagnostics to discriminate viral and bacterial etiologies contributes to this discordance. Recent efforts have focused on the host response as a source for novel diagnostic targets although none have explored the ability of host-derived microRNAs (miRNA) to discriminate between these etiologies. Methods: In this study, we compared host-derived miRNAs and mRNAs from human H3N2 influenza challenge subjects to those from patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Sparse logistic regression models were used to generate miRNA signatures diagnostic of ARI etiologies. Generalized linear modeling of mRNAs to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes allowed analysis of potential miRNA:mRNA relationships. High likelihood miRNA:mRNA interactions were examined using binding target prediction and negative correlation to further explore potential changes in pathway regulation in response to infection. Results: The resultant miRNA signatures were highly accurate in discriminating ARI etiologies. Mean accuracy was 100% [88.8-100; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] in discriminating the healthy state from S. pneumoniae pneumonia and 91.3% (72.0-98.9; 95% CI) in discriminating S. pneumoniae pneumonia from influenza infection. Subsequent differential mRNA gene expression analysis revealed alterations in regulatory networks consistent with known biology including immune cell activation and host response to viral infection. Negative correlation network analysis of miRNA:mRNA interactions revealed connections to pathways with known immunobiology such as interferon regulation and MAP kinase signaling. Conclusion: We have developed novel human host-response miRNA signatures for bacterial"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28588308",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 181,
"offsetInEndSection": 701,
"text": "bacteria and viruses. We hypothesized that a blood-based transcriptional signature could be discovered indicating a host systemic response to viral infection. Previous work identified host transcriptional signatures to individual viruses including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and dengue, but the generality of these signatures across all viral infection types has not been established. Based on 44 publicly available datasets and two clinical studies of our own design, we discovered and validated a four-gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25785720",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1422,
"offsetInEndSection": 2122,
"text": "in viral infected patients. We further developed a multi-protein signature using logistic-regression on half of the patients and validated it on the remaining half. The signature with the highest precision included both viral- and bacterial-induced proteins: TRAIL, Interferon gamma-induced protein-10, and CRP (AUC of 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.96). The signature was superior to any of the individual proteins (P<0.001), as well as routinely used clinical parameters and their combinations (P<0.001). It remained robust across different physiological systems, times from symptom onset, and pathogens (AUCs 0.87-1.0). The accurate differential diagnosis provided by this novel combination of viral- and"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808774",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 166,
"text": "Identification of a Minimal 3-Transcript Signature to Differentiate Viral from Bacterial Infection from Best Genome-Wide Host RNA Biomarkers: A Multi-Cohort Analysis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 690,
"offsetInEndSection": 840,
"text": "tion, definite viral infection, or indeterminate infection. RNA expression signatures distinguishing definite bacterial from viral infection were iden"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 733,
"offsetInEndSection": 883,
"text": " on costs, antibiotic resistance, and pediatric microbiota. Transcript host-RNA signatures are a new tool used to differentiate viral from bacterial i"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36543117",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 274,
"offsetInEndSection": 972,
"text": "with bacterial or viral infections representing a broad spectrum of biological, clinical, and technical heterogeneity, we show current host-response-based gene signatures have lower accuracy to distinguish intracellular bacterial infections from viral infections than extracellular bacterial infections. Using these 69 datasets, we identify an 8-gene signature to distinguish intracellular or extracellular bacterial infections from viral infections with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) > 0.91 (85.9% specificity and 90.2% sensitivity). In prospective cohorts from Nepal and Laos, the 8-gene classifier distinguished bacterial infections from viral infections with"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1615,
"offsetInEndSection": 1906,
"text": "This is the first review on the use of transcript RNA signatures in febrile children to distinguish viral from bacterial infections. Our review identified a wide variability of target populations and gold standards used to define sepsis and SBIs, limiting the generalization of our findings."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 698,
"offsetInEndSection": 966,
"text": "This approach has an adverse effect on costs, antibiotic resistance, and pediatric microbiota. Transcript host-RNA signatures are a new tool used to differentiate viral from bacterial infections by analyzing the transcriptional biosignatures of RNA in host leukocytes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 698,
"offsetInEndSection": 1143,
"text": "This approach has an adverse effect on costs, antibiotic resistance, and pediatric microbiota. Transcript host-RNA signatures are a new tool used to differentiate viral from bacterial infections by analyzing the transcriptional biosignatures of RNA in host leukocytes. In this systematic review, we evaluate the efficacy and the possible application of this new diagnostic method in febrile children, along with challenges in its implementation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 502,
"offsetInEndSection": 966,
"text": "On the other hand, this may lead to overuse of empiric antibiotic therapies, particularly for specific subgroups of patients, such as infants younger than 90 days of life or neutropenic patients. This approach has an adverse effect on costs, antibiotic resistance, and pediatric microbiota. Transcript host-RNA signatures are a new tool used to differentiate viral from bacterial infections by analyzing the transcriptional biosignatures of RNA in host leukocytes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1356,
"offsetInEndSection": 1747,
"text": "IMPACT: Transcript host RNA signatures may allow to better characterize the spectrum of viral, bacterial, and inflammatory illnesses in febrile children and can be used with traditional diagnostic methods to determine if and when to start antibiotic therapy. This is the first review on the use of transcript RNA signatures in febrile children to distinguish viral from bacterial infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37597512",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 231,
"offsetInEndSection": 419,
"text": " treatment. As an alternative to pathogen detection, host gene expression signatures in blood have shown promise in discriminating several infectious and inflammatory diseases in a dichoto"
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
661d1c3ceac11fad33000012
| 538 |
yesno
|
Is there any treatment for the Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No, currently there are no approved therapies for the Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, only supportive treatment.', 'No, there is no specific treatment for Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, but supportive care is available to help manage symptoms.', 'No, there is no treatment for the Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.', 'No, there are currently no treatments available for Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy.', 'Currently, there is no approved therapy for Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD). Treatment is supportive only.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794465",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35428982"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794465",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1218,
"offsetInEndSection": 1269,
"text": "The treatment of FSHD is currently supportive only."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35428982",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 19,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a slowly progressive muscular dystrophy without approved therapies."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
644284a957b1c7a31500005c
| 539 |
yesno
|
Is GRG5 involved only in late embryonic mouse development?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No. Groucho related gene 5 (GRG5) is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated in both early and late embryonic mouse development.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30214018"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30214018",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 639,
"text": "Groucho related gene 5 (GRG5) is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated in late embryonic and postnatal mouse development. Here, we describe a previously unknown role of GRG5 in early developmental stages by analyzing its function in stem cell fate decisions. By both loss and gain of function approaches we demonstrate that ablation of GRG5 deregulates the Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC) pluripotent state whereas its overexpression leads to enhanced self-renewal and acquisition of cancer cell-like properties. The malignant characteristics of teratomas generated by ESCs that overexpress GRG5 reveal its pro-oncogenic potential. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e2b3784fbd6abf43b000009
| 540 |
yesno
|
Does Panitumumab prolong survival of biliary tract cancer patients?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No. Panitumumab in combination with chemotherapy does not improve survival of biliary cancer patients.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819169",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29893894",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540314"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540314",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "Panitumumab in combination with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin does not prolong survival in wild-type KRAS advanced biliary tract cancer: A randomized phase 2 trial (Vecti-BIL study)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413685",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1769,
"offsetInEndSection": 1918,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Panitumumab in combination with chemotherapy does not improve ORR, PFS and OS in patients with KRAS wild-type, advanced biliary cancer. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540314",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 937,
"offsetInEndSection": 1340,
"text": "No survival differences were observed: the median overall survival was 9.9 months in arm A and 10.2 months in arm B (P = .42). In a subgroup analysis, no differences in PFS according to the site of the primary tumor were observed; patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with panitumumab may have had a survival benefit in comparison with the control group (15.1 vs 11.8 months, P = .13). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413685",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1775,
"offsetInEndSection": 1922,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS\nPanitumumab in combination with chemotherapy does not improve ORR, PFS and OS in patients with KRAS wild-type, advanced biliary cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413685",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1775,
"offsetInEndSection": 1922,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS Panitumumab in combination with chemotherapy does not improve ORR, PFS and OS in patients with KRAS wild-type, advanced biliary cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29893894",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 990,
"offsetInEndSection": 1242,
"text": "Despite many clinical trials being conducted with molecular targeted agents including erlotinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, bevacizumab, sorafenib, cediranib, trametinib and vandetanib, no agent has shown to be effective for advanced biliary tract cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819169",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Adding panitumumab to standard protocols does not prolong survival but provokes additional adverse effects."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c73ad377c78d6947100009a
| 541 |
yesno
|
Is Vortioxetine effective for treatment of depression?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
Yes, vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) is effective for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Vortioxetine is approved for MDD in the USA. Vortioxetine has been also shown to be effective for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311349",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284262",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24169027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165478",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24016840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23916504",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23903233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23757185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23531115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23252878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22963932",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22901346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22572889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22209361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767441",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21486038",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21154150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22171087"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311349",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 400,
"text": "Vortioxetine is an orally administered small molecule developed by Lundbeck A/S for the once-daily treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Vortioxetine received its first global approval for MDD in the USA in September 2013 and regulatory approval for its use in this indication in the EU (where it has received a positive opinion) and Canada is awaited. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311349",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1167,
"offsetInEndSection": 1280,
"text": "This article summarizes the milestones in the development of vortioxetine leading to this first approval for MDD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257717",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1559,
"offsetInEndSection": 1667,
"text": "Vortioxetine was efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257717",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 863,
"offsetInEndSection": 1123,
"text": "On the primary efficacy endpoint, both vortioxetine doses were statistically significantly superior to placebo, with a mean difference to placebo (n=158) of -5.5 (vortioxetine 15 mg, P<0.0001, n=149) and -7.1 MADRS points (vortioxetine 20 mg, P<0.0001, n=151)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24169027",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1350,
"offsetInEndSection": 1595,
"text": "The change in the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms was maintained throughout the study as reflected by a 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale total score of 8.2 at week 52 (from 17.6 at open-label baseline) in the observed case data set."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165478",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 795,
"offsetInEndSection": 1006,
"text": "Vortioxetine is a multi-modal antidepressant that functions as a human 5-HT3A and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist, 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and inhibitor of the serotonin transporter. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165478",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1049,
"offsetInEndSection": 1258,
"text": "Approval for the treatment of MDD was based on a clinical development programme that included six positive 6-8 week studies, including one study in elderly people, and one positive maintenance study in adults."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165478",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1855,
"offsetInEndSection": 1920,
"text": "Vortioxetine represents another option for the treatment of MDD. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23903233",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1193,
"offsetInEndSection": 1503,
"text": "The multimodal compounds vortioxetine and vilazodone are examples of this approach with diverse mechanisms, and their different clinical effects will provide valuable insights into serotonergic modulation of glutamate transmission for the potential treatment of depression and associated cognitive dysfunction."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23757185",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1733,
"offsetInEndSection": 1897,
"text": "Two new antidepressant drugs, vilazodone (marketed in the USA) and vortioxetine (in development) incorporate partial 5-HT1A-R agonist properties with SERT blockade."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23531115",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 786,
"offsetInEndSection": 1388,
"text": "Novel drugs in development include those that combine multiple simultaneous pharmacologic mechanisms in addition to SERT inhibition within the same molecule, such as vilazodone (combining 5HT1A partial agonism with SERT inhibition), triple reuptake inhibitors (combining norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibition with SERT inhibition), and vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant combining actions at the G protein receptor mode (5HT1A and 5HT1B partial agonism and 5HT7 antagonism), at the ion channel mode (5HT3 antagonism) as well as the neurotransmitter transporter mode (SERT inhibition). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23252878",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1847,
"offsetInEndSection": 2034,
"text": "In this study of adults with MDD treated for 8 weeks with vortioxetine 2.5 mg or 5 mg per day, reductions in depression symptoms were not statistically significant compared with placebo. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978748",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1744,
"offsetInEndSection": 1934,
"text": "However, on the basis of these findings, vortioxetine (2.5, 5, 10 mg/day) demonstrated a favourable safety and tolerability profile and maintained effectiveness over 12 months of treatment. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22963932",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1486,
"offsetInEndSection": 1636,
"text": "In this study of adults with MDD, 5 mg vortioxetine did not differ significantly from placebo in reducing depression symptoms after 6 wk of treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22901346",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1688,
"offsetInEndSection": 1836,
"text": "After 8 weeks of treatment with Lu AA21004 10 mg, there was a significant reduction in HDRS-24 total score compared with placebo in adults with MDD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22572889",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1382,
"offsetInEndSection": 1521,
"text": "In conclusion, Lu AA21004 was efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of elderly patients with recurrent major depressive disorder."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495621",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1151,
"offsetInEndSection": 1259,
"text": "Thus, Lu AA21004 was effective in preventing relapse of MDD and was well tolerated as maintenance treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22209361",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1637,
"offsetInEndSection": 1785,
"text": " Findings on secondary outcome measures, using MMRM instead of LOCF, were supportive of likely efficacy for Lu AA21004 5mg and 10mg and duloxetine. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767441",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1525,
"offsetInEndSection": 1646,
"text": "In this study, treatment with 5 mg and 10 mg Lu AA21004 for 6 wk was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with MDD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21154150",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 700,
"offsetInEndSection": 827,
"text": "Results from phase II clinical trials have reported improvement in depression and anxiety symptoms after 6 weeks of treatment. "
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003863",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003866",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003865",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1596",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1595",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1470",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013812",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016896"
] |
[] |
53359338d6d3ac6a3400004f
| 542 |
yesno
|
Can saponins be used as adjuvant?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes,\nsaponin is an ideal adjuvant candidate.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32062145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32098409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31833496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32101001"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31833496",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "We report the design, synthesis, immunological evaluation, and conformational analysis of new saponin variants as promising vaccine adjuvants"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012760",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "The purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponin (AJSAF) is an ideal adjuvant candidate"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32062145",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 549,
"offsetInEndSection": 685,
"text": "BALB/c mice immunized with subcutaneous injections of the recombinant protein with or without liposome/saponin (Lip/Sap) as an adjuvant."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32098409",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 347,
"offsetInEndSection": 382,
"text": " a saponin-based Matrix-M™ adjuvant"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32101001",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1049,
"offsetInEndSection": 1160,
"text": ". These results confirm that Momordica saponins are a viable natural source to provide potent saponin adjuvants"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
603291f21cb411341a000146
| 543 |
yesno
|
Can other vaccines be given with COVID-19 vaccine?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Although there are no data regarding safety and efficacy when COVID-19 vaccines are co-administered with other vaccines, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stated that COVID-19 vaccines can be administered at any time in relation to other non-COVID-19 vaccines, and if needed, can be administered on the same day as other vaccines. This is based on the experience with non-COVID-19 vaccines, where the immunogenicity and adverse event profiles were generally similar when vaccines are administered simultaneously or alone.\n\nFurthermore, in a randomized trial, frequency of adverse effects and immunogenicity were largely similar when a COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1) was given concomitantly with either an influenza vaccine or placebo.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35417663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34774197",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34304240"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34774197",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3147,
"offsetInEndSection": 3590,
"text": "Concomitant vaccination with ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 plus an age-appropriate influenza vaccine raises no safety concerns and preserves antibody responses to both vaccines. Concomitant vaccination with both COVID-19 and influenza vaccines over the next immunisation season should reduce the burden on health-care services for vaccine delivery, allowing for timely vaccine administration and protection from COVID-19 and influenza for those in need."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34304240",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 535,
"text": "It is unknown if the efficacy of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine is affected by the co-administration of other vaccines. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has shifted their recommendations recently, allowing for the co-administration of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines with other vaccines. This is based on the experience with non-COVID-19 vaccines, where the immunogenicity and adverse event profiles were generally similar when vaccines are administered simultaneously or alone. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34304240",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1188,
"offsetInEndSection": 1387,
"text": "Although the administration of Tdap with COVID-19 vaccine in our case caused delay in immunogenicity, it did not negate the ability of the BNT162B2 mRNA vaccine to elicit an adequate immune response."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34774197",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 243,
"text": "Concomitant administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines could reduce burden on health-care systems. We aimed to assess the safety of concomitant administration of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 plus an age-appropriate influenza vaccine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34774197",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 252,
"offsetInEndSection": 571,
"text": "In this multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial, adults in receipt of a single dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 were enrolled at 12 UK sites and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive concomitant administration of either an age-appropriate influenza vaccine or placebo alongside their second dose of COVID-19 vaccine."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
643c88a257b1c7a315000030
| 544 |
yesno
|
Is there an association between FGFR3 mutation and plagiocephaly?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, FGFR3 mutation is associated with plagiocephaly. It is the most common mutation in plagiocephaly. FGFR genes have important effects on bone development, and mutations in 4 "hot spot" exons of FGFR1-3 are found in many patients with craniosynostosis and some with synostotic plagiocephaly.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23949953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21739570",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17992550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17693524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15253176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14577033"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23949953",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 251,
"offsetInEndSection": 490,
"text": "Series of neurosurgical interventions were carried out, principally for acrocephaly and posterior plagiocephaly. The most common achondroplasia mutation, a p.Gly380Arg in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene, was detected. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21739570",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 94,
"offsetInEndSection": 335,
"text": " The most common mutation for achondroplasia (FGFR3 Gly380Arg, resulting in 1138G>A) was identified. Imaging studies disclosed complex craniosynostosis and neurosurgical intervention was carried out, particularly for posterior plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 33,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 191,
"text": "FGFR genes have important effects on bone development, and mutations in 4 \"hot spot\" exons of FGFR1-3 are found in many patients with craniosynostosis and some with synostotic plagiocephaly. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17992550",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1667,
"offsetInEndSection": 1805,
"text": "Mutation analyses in the FGFR3 gene revealed nucleotide alterations located in the mutational hot spot at amino acid residue 250 (g.C749)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17693524",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1014,
"offsetInEndSection": 1351,
"text": "RESULTS: In our cohort of 159 patients with various craniosynostosis syndromes, mutations were found in 100% of patients with Apert syndrome, 83.3% with Pfeiffer syndrome, 72.7% with Crouzon syndrome, 50.0% with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, 27.7% with plagiocephaly, 31.8% with brachicephaly, 20% of complex cases, and 6.9% of mixed cases. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15253176",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 165,
"offsetInEndSection": 253,
"text": "The genetic alterations that could cause unilateral coronal synostosis are more elusive."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15253176",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1168,
"offsetInEndSection": 1356,
"text": "Mutations were found in eight of 47 patients: two patients with different single-amino-acid changes in FGFR2, three patients with FGFR3 Pro250Arg, and three patients with TWIST mutations. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15253176",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1721,
"offsetInEndSection": 1870,
"text": "Other abnormalities in the craniofacial region and extremities were clues to a particular mutation in FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST, or the X-linked mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "To determine whether the autosomal dominant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) Pro250Arg mutation causes anterior plagiocephaly, patients with either apparently sporadic unicoronal synostosis (N = 37) or other forms of anterior plagiocephaly (N = 10) were studied for this mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1647,
"offsetInEndSection": 1798,
"text": "The occurrence of the FGFR3 mutation among patients with unicoronal synostosis provides evidence for a genetic basis of certain forms of plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 711,
"offsetInEndSection": 851,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 914,
"offsetInEndSection": 1076,
"text": "Between January and December of 1996, patients with a diagnosis of plagiocephaly at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were evaluated for the FGFR3 mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "To determine whether the autosomal dominant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) Pro250Arg mutation causes anterior plagiocephaly, patients with either apparently sporadic unicoronal synostosis (N = 37) or other forms of anterior plagiocephaly (N = 10) were studied for this mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1647,
"offsetInEndSection": 1798,
"text": "The occurrence of the FGFR3 mutation among patients with unicoronal synostosis provides evidence for a genetic basis of certain forms of plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 711,
"offsetInEndSection": 851,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 914,
"offsetInEndSection": 1076,
"text": "Between January and December of 1996, patients with a diagnosis of plagiocephaly at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were evaluated for the FGFR3 mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 764,
"offsetInEndSection": 930,
"text": "Between January and December of 1996, patients with a diagnosis of plagiocephaly at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were evaluated for the FGFR3 mutation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 199,
"text": "FGFR genes have important effects on bone development, and mutations in 4 "hot spot" exons of FGFR1-3 are found in many patients with craniosynostosis and some with synostotic plagiocephaly"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 290,
"text": "To determine whether the autosomal dominant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) Pro250Arg mutation causes anterior plagiocephaly, patients with either apparently sporadic unicoronal synostosis (N = 37) or other forms of anterior plagiocephaly (N = 10) were studied for this mutation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 574,
"offsetInEndSection": 713,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1519,
"offsetInEndSection": 1669,
"text": "The occurrence of the FGFR3 mutation among patients with unicoronal synostosis provides evidence for a genetic basis of certain forms of plagiocephaly"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 32,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 759,
"offsetInEndSection": 922,
"text": "Between January and December of 1996, patients with a diagnosis of plagiocephaly at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were evaluated for the FGFR3 mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 33,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 574,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 759,
"offsetInEndSection": 922,
"text": "Between January and December of 1996, patients with a diagnosis of plagiocephaly at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were evaluated for the FGFR3 mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 33,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 574,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 759,
"offsetInEndSection": 922,
"text": "Between January and December of 1996, patients with a diagnosis of plagiocephaly at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were evaluated for the FGFR3 mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 33,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 574,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 759,
"offsetInEndSection": 922,
"text": "Between January and December of 1996, patients with a diagnosis of plagiocephaly at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were evaluated for the FGFR3 mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1509,
"offsetInEndSection": 1661,
"text": "The occurrence of the FGFR3 mutation among patients with unicoronal synostosis provides evidence for a genetic basis of certain forms of plagiocephaly. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 759,
"offsetInEndSection": 922,
"text": "Between January and December of 1996, patients with a diagnosis of plagiocephaly at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were evaluated for the FGFR3 mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 33,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 574,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 430,
"text": " To determine whether the autosomal dominant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) Pro250Arg mutation causes anterior plagiocephaly, patients with either apparently sporadic unicoronal synostosis (N = 37) or other forms of anterior plagiocephaly (N = 10) were studied for this mutation. Of 37 patients with unicoronal synostosis, 4 tested positive for the Pro250Arg mutation in FGFR3, and 33 were negative for this mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 292,
"text": "To determine whether the autosomal dominant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) Pro250Arg mutation causes anterior plagiocephaly, patients with either apparently sporadic unicoronal synostosis (N = 37) or other forms of anterior plagiocephaly (N = 10) were studied for this mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14577033",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 724,
"offsetInEndSection": 823,
"text": "In a girl with seemingly isolated plagiocephaly we identified a P250L (749C-->T) mutation in FGFR3."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 34,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 575,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1510,
"offsetInEndSection": 1661,
"text": "The occurrence of the FGFR3 mutation among patients with unicoronal synostosis provides evidence for a genetic basis of certain forms of plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 292,
"text": "To determine whether the autosomal dominant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) Pro250Arg mutation causes anterior plagiocephaly, patients with either apparently sporadic unicoronal synostosis (N = 37) or other forms of anterior plagiocephaly (N = 10) were studied for this mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14577033",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 724,
"offsetInEndSection": 823,
"text": "In a girl with seemingly isolated plagiocephaly we identified a P250L (749C-->T) mutation in FGFR3."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 34,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 575,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1510,
"offsetInEndSection": 1661,
"text": "The occurrence of the FGFR3 mutation among patients with unicoronal synostosis provides evidence for a genetic basis of certain forms of plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 292,
"text": "To determine whether the autosomal dominant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) Pro250Arg mutation causes anterior plagiocephaly, patients with either apparently sporadic unicoronal synostosis (N = 37) or other forms of anterior plagiocephaly (N = 10) were studied for this mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14577033",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 724,
"offsetInEndSection": 823,
"text": "In a girl with seemingly isolated plagiocephaly we identified a P250L (749C-->T) mutation in FGFR3."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 34,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 575,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "None of the 6 patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and none of the 4 patients with additional suture synostosis had the FGFR3 mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1510,
"offsetInEndSection": 1661,
"text": "The occurrence of the FGFR3 mutation among patients with unicoronal synostosis provides evidence for a genetic basis of certain forms of plagiocephaly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 292,
"text": "To determine whether the autosomal dominant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) Pro250Arg mutation causes anterior plagiocephaly, patients with either apparently sporadic unicoronal synostosis (N = 37) or other forms of anterior plagiocephaly (N = 10) were studied for this mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 34,
"text": "FGFR mutations and plagiocephaly."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D049068",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D059041",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FGFR3_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FGFR3_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FGFR3_PLEWA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FGFR3_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FGFR3_MOUSE"
] |
[] |
56c1f042ef6e394741000056
| 545 |
yesno
|
Has overexpression of sirtuins been reported to increase lifespan in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
Overexpression of sirtuins (NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases) has been reported to increase lifespan in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23082874",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21938067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12006491"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23082874",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1007,
"offsetInEndSection": 1117,
"text": "In addition, Sir2 overexpression prevents Rif1 deletion from disrupting Sir2 at IGS1 and shortening lifespan. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23082874",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 76,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "Roles for sirtuin proteins at telomeres are thought to promote lifespan in yeast and mammals."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21938067",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Overexpression of sirtuins (NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases) has been reported to increase lifespan in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308206",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "When overexpressed, the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase Sir2 extends the lifespan of both budding yeast "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12006491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 645,
"offsetInEndSection": 813,
"text": "When overexpressed in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), SIRT1 antagonizes PML-induced acetylation of p53 and rescues PML-mediated premature cellular senescence. "
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004718",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D037761",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015003",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056564",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056565",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056566",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR1_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR2_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR2_MACFA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR2_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR2_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR2_PONAB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR2_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR3_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR4_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR4_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR4_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR6_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR6_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR7_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR7_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR7_BOVIN"
] |
[] |
52b2e97df828ad283c000012
| 546 |
yesno
|
Can Efgartigimod be used for myasthenia gravis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Efgartigimod is effective, approved and can be used for myasthenia gravis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35639288",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34146511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35179720"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35639288",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1567,
"offsetInEndSection": 1733,
"text": "Efgartigimod is an FcRn inhibitor recently approved for MG treatment, and rozanolixizumab, nipocalimab and batoclimab are other agents in clinical trial development. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35179720",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 400,
"text": "Efgartigimod (efgartigimod alfa-fcab, Vyvgart™) is a first-in-class neonatal Fc receptor antagonist being developed by argenx for the treatment of autoimmune diseases including myasthenia gravis. In December 2021, intravenous efgartigimod received its first approval in the USA for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis in adults who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody positive."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35179720",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 979,
"offsetInEndSection": 1118,
"text": "This article summarizes the milestones in the development of efgartigimod leading to this first approval for generalized myasthenia gravis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34146511",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2951,
"offsetInEndSection": 3062,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: Efgartigimod was well tolerated and efficacious in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
64040d73201352f04a000010
| 547 |
yesno
|
Is Trifluridine/Tipiracil a preferential treatment over Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
["There is no definitive answer to this question, as the choice of treatment for elderly colorectal cancer patients should be individualized based on the patient's overall health, comorbidities, and personal preferences. Both Trifluridine/Tipiracil and Regorafenib are approved treatment options for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, an anti-VEGF therapy, and, if RAS wild type, an anti-EGFR therapy.\n\nA phase III clinical trial (RECOURSE) compared Trifluridine/Tipiracil to placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had been previously treated with standard chemotherapy and found a significant improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival.\n\nAnother phase III clinical trial (CORRECT) compared Regorafenib to placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had been previously treated with standard chemotherapy and found a significant improvement in overall survival.\n\nA retrospective study of 102 elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who received Trifluridine/Tipiracil or Regorafenib as third-line treatment found that Trifluridine/Tipiracil was associated with a trend towards better overall survival compared to Regorafenib (median 7.1 vs 5.3 months, p=0.057). However, this study was not randomized and had a small sample size.\n\nTherefore, it is not possible to say that Trifluridine/Tipiracil is a preferential treatment over Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients based on the current evidence. It is important to consider the individual patient's characteristics and to discuss the potential benefits and risks of each treatment option with the patient.", 'Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is not clearly preferable over regorafenib in older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Both have similar efficacy and tolerability.', 'Yes, Trifluridine/Tipiracil is a preferential treatment over Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients based on the favorable survival outcomes observed in patients aged ≥65 years.', 'Yes, trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is favored in patients aged ≥65 years for treating colorectal cancer, as indicated by the subgroup analysis showing better survival outcomes in this age group compared to regorafenib.', 'Regorafenib and trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride (TFTD) are novel antitumor agents for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. In this study, we report the survival benefits of TFTD and Regorafenib in elderly frail patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.', 'A recent study suggested that Trifluridine/Tipiracil and Regorafenib have comparable efficacy and safety in elderly patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)', 'Yes, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) appears to be a more favorable treatment option for elderly colorectal cancer patients, specifically those aged 65 years and older, as it showed better survival outcomes in this age group compared to Regorafenib', 'Yes, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is a preferential treatment over Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients, as it has been shown to have better tumor response and disease control.', "According to a subgroup analysis of a clinical trial, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) was found to have better tumor response and disease control in elderly colorectal cancer patients (aged ≥65 years) compared to Regorafenib. However, in an adjusted analysis using propensity score, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the two drugs in the overall population. In the subgroup analysis, Regorafenib showed favorable survival in patients aged <65 years, while FTD/TPI was favored in patients aged ≥65 years. Therefore, the choice of treatment between FTD/TPI and Regorafenib may depend on the patient's age and other clinical factors. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized treatment recommendations.", 'Trifluridine/tipiracil is a preferential treatment over regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients, as shown in clinical trials and real-world studies. In a phase III randomized controlled trial, trifluridine/tipiracil demonstrated superior overall survival and progression-free survival compared to placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had been previously treated with standard chemotherapies. Additionally, a cost-effectiveness analysis showed that trifluridine/tipiracil is more clinically and cost-effective than regorafenib, with better outcomes at reduced costs. In real clinical practice, a retrospective study found that the effectiveness results of standard clinical practice are lower than those described in clinical trials and the literature, but trifluridine/tipiracil has a better toxicity profile compared to regorafenib. Therefore, trifl', 'Yes, Trifluridine/Tipiracil is preferred for patients aged 65 and above.', 'Although no difference in overall survival was found between the two drugs in adjusted analysis using propensity score, regorafenib showed favorable survival in patients aged <65 years, whereas trifluridine/tipiracil was favored in patients aged ≥65 years in the subgroup analysis.', 'yes, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) appears to be a more favorable treatment option for elderly colorectal cancer patients aged 65 years and older. In the subgroup analysis, Trifluridine/Tipiracil showed better survival outcomes in this age group with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.78, which suggests a lower risk of death compared to Regorafenib.', "Trifluridine/Tipiracil (TAS-102) is generally preferred over Regorafenib as a treatment option for elderly colorectal cancer patients due to its favorable safety profile and efficacy in this population. Clinical studies have shown that TAS-102 provides significant survival benefits and manageable side effects compared to Regorafenib, making it a more suitable choice for elderly patients with colorectal cancer. However, the choice between these two treatments should be individualized based on factors such as patient's overall health, treatment goals, and potential drug interactions.", 'Yes, patients treated with FTD/TPI had better tumor response and disease control than patients treated with regorafenib', 'Although no difference in overall survival was found between the two drugs in adjusted analysis using propensity score, regorafenib showed favorable survival in patients aged <65 years, whereas trifluridine/tipiracil was favored in patients aged ≥65 years in the subgroup analysis', 'Based on the subgroup analysis, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is favored as a treatment option over Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients (aged ≥65 years). The analysis showed that FTD/TPI had better tumor response and disease control in this age group. Although there was no significant difference in overall survival between the two drugs in the adjusted analysis, FTD/TPI showed a favorable survival trend in elderly patients compared to Regorafenib. Therefore, FTD/TPI may be considered as a preferential treatment for elderly colorectal cancer patients.', 'Based on the available evidence, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) may be a preferential treatment over Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients. A retrospective cohort study showed that FTD/TPI had better tumor response and disease control rates compared to Regorafenib in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Subgroup analysis also suggested that early use of FTD/TPI may have clinical benefits in second- or third-line therapy. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify predictive biomarkers to guide treatment selection.', 'yes, trifluridine/tipiracil is favored in patients aged ≥65 years for treating colorectal cancer, as it showed better survival rates in this age group compared to regorafenib.', 'Yes, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is favored as a treatment over Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients aged ≥65 years. The subgroup analysis showed that Trifluridine/Tipiracil had a more favorable survival outcome in this age group, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.59-1.03), indicating a lower risk of death compared to Regorafenib.', 'Yes, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) appears to be a preferential treatment over Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients aged ≥65 years. While regorafenib showed favorable survival in patients aged <65 years, FTD/TPI was favored in patients aged ≥65 years based on the subgroup analysis. Additionally, patients treated with FTD/TPI had better tumor response and disease control compared to those treated with regorafenib.', 'According to the retrospective study conducted at a tertiary oncology center, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) appears to be a preferential treatment over Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients. In the subgroup analysis of patients aged ≥65 years, FTD/TPI showed better overall survival compared to Regorafenib, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.59-1.03). This suggests that in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard chemotherapy, FTD/TPI may be a better treatment option than Regorafenib. However, it is important to note that this study has limitations as an observational study and further research is needed to confirm these findings.', 'According to a subgroup analysis of a clinical trial, in elderly colorectal cancer patients (aged ≥65 years), Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) was found to have better disease control and tumor response compared to Regorafenib. However, in the adjusted analysis using propensity score, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the two drugs. In patients aged <65 years, Regorafenib showed favorable survival, while FTD/TPI was favored in patients aged ≥65 years. Therefore, the choice of treatment between FTD/TPI and Regorafenib in elderly colorectal cancer patients should be individualized based on factors such as age, overall health, and other clinical considerations.', 'Based on the available literature, Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) appears to be a more cost-effective treatment option compared to Regorafenib in elderly patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. The study showed that FTD/TPI had a lower expected cost per patient and a lower cost-effectiveness ratio compared to Regorafenib. Additionally, FTD/TPI can be safely administered while maintaining efficacy in patients who are ineligible for Regorafenib due to comorbidities. However, it is important to consider individual patient factors and preferences when making treatment decisions.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28894015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27900102",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27487107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33952483",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35289802",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32653227",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29452346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34406678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33597364",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30344762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27670892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30350179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36990929",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34718946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199694"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34406678",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1664,
"offsetInEndSection": 1778,
"text": "Patients treated with FTD/TPI had better tumor response and disease control than patients treated with regorafenib"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28894015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2180,
"offsetInEndSection": 2460,
"text": "Although no difference in overall survival was found between the two drugs in adjusted analysis using propensity score, regorafenib showed favorable survival in patients aged <65 years, whereas trifluridine/tipiracil was favored in patients aged ≥65 years in the subgroup analysis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28894015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1194,
"offsetInEndSection": 1372,
"text": "Regorafenib showed favorable survival in patients aged <65 years (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.98-1.69), whereas TFTD was favored in patients aged ≥65 years (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.59-1.03)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36990929",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) and regorafenib in older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34718946",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Regorafenib and trifluridine/tipiracil are standard third-line chemotherapies for colorectal cancer patients, but their efficacy is limited"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199694",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 10,
"offsetInEndSection": 1487,
"text": "project aimed to better understand practice patterns, identify drivers for treatment goals, and determine third- and fourth-line treatment choices for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The survey was developed by an expert panel of gastrointestinal oncologists. Questions concerned general practice patterns, and treatment decisions for three hypothetical patient case scenarios. Participants had to routinely manage patients with mCRC. We present results from 629 participants who provided input on patient treatment scenarios (data cutoff: 17/01/2020). Prolonging overall survival (OS; 51%) was the main aim in first line. In third line, quality of life (QOL) was the primary goal (34%). Forty-three percent also cited efficacy-focused goals; 18% and 13% noted prolonging OS and improving progression-free survival as main aims, respectively. For fit and active patients, 89% of respondents considered trifluridine-tipiracil an appropriate third-line treatment; regorafenib (31%) or clinical trial enrollment (29%) were the fourth-line options. For patients with comorbidities and limited caregiver support, trifluridine-tipiracil was the preferred third-line treatment (70%). For KRAS-mutated patients with comorbidities and adverse events who received prior oxaliplatin, 90% considered oxaliplatin rechallenge an unsuitable third-line treatment, mainly due to the risk of cumulative toxicity (75%). In the third/fourth-line settings, trifluridine-tipiracil"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28894015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1194,
"offsetInEndSection": 1480,
"text": "Regorafenib showed favorable survival in patients aged <65 years (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.98-1.69), whereas TFTD was favored in patients aged ≥65 years (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.59-1.03).CONCLUSION: No significant difference in OS between regorafenib and TFTD was observed in patients with mCRC."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34406678",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1893,
"offsetInEndSection": 2281,
"text": "IONS FOR PRACTICE: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) were significantly less likely than those treated with regorafenib to have dose modifications and more likely to have higher real-world objective response rate (rwORR) and real-world disease control rate (rwDCR) while treated. Patien"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33597364",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 273,
"text": "Although the effectiveness of trifluridine/tipiracil(TFTD)with bevacizumab for unresectable colorectal cancer that was refractory to previous standard chemotherapy was reported, its effectiveness as a first-line treatment, especially for elderly frail patients, is unclear."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36990929",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Colorectal cancer is a disease of older patients, but few guidelines directly address age in their recommendations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27900102",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 329,
"text": "Regorafenib and trifluridine/tipiracil combination tablet regimens are standard third-line or later treatments for advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer with no significant difference in efficacy. The present study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of using regorafenib vs. the trifluridine/tipiracil combination tablet."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36990929",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 327,
"offsetInEndSection": 453,
"text": "oral agents for third-line treatment in older patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, regorafenib, and trifluri"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29452346",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1477,
"text": "Background: The optimal chemotherapeutic regimen for use beyond the second line for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unclear.Materials and methods: We systematically searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE and Medline for records published between January 2002 and May 2017, and cancer congress databases for records published between January 2014 and June 2017. Eligible studies evaluated the efficacy, safety and patient-reported outcomes of monotherapies or combination therapies at any dose and number of treatment cycles for use beyond the second line in patients with mCRC. Studies were assessed for design and quality, and a qualitative data synthesis was conducted to understand the impact of treatment on overall survival and other relevant cancer-related outcomes.Results: The search yielded 938 references of which 68 were included for qualitative synthesis. There was limited evidence to support rechallenge with chemotherapy, targeted therapy or both. Compared with placebo, an overall survival benefit for trifluridine/tipiracil (also known as TAS-102) or regorafenib has been shown for patients previously treated with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy. There was no evidence to suggest a difference in efficacy between these treatments. Patient choice and quality of life at this stage of treatment should also be considered when choosing an appropriate therapy.Conclusions: These findings support the "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35289802",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 715,
"offsetInEndSection": 927,
"text": "The safety profile of each agent can help guide selection. Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer require an individualized treatment strategy that incorporates their age, comorbidities, and prior treatments."
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
65f7778fc4010b4d78000031
| 548 |
yesno
|
Is patisiran currently (November 2017) in clinical phase II trials?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No, patisiran is in phase 3 clinical studies.', 'No, patisiran is in clinical phase 3 trials']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26338094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893208"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389707",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 435,
"offsetInEndSection": 728,
"text": "This review addresses nine small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and one unique microRNA (miRNA) inhibitor, which entered the phase 2-3 clinical trials. The siRNAs in focus are PF-04523655, TKM-080301, Atu027, SYL040012, SYL1001, siG12D-LODER (phase 2), QPI-1002, QPI-1007, and patisiran (phase 3). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389707",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 706,
"offsetInEndSection": 726,
"text": " patisiran (phase 3)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893208",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 297,
"offsetInEndSection": 484,
"text": " Phase 3 APOLLO study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, global study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of patisiran in patients with hATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26338094",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Efficacy and safety of patisiran for familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: a phase II multi-dose study."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5a735c143b9d13c708000003
| 549 |
yesno
|
Is chlorotoxin a peptide?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30486274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28459137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29495404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28415833"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29495404",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 721,
"offsetInEndSection": 741,
"text": "chlorotoxin peptide "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30486274",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a 36-amino-acid disulfide-containing peptide derived from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28415833",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 679,
"offsetInEndSection": 785,
"text": "The mature Odontobuthus doriae chlorotoxin peptide has a 35-amino-acid residue and four disulfide bounds. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28459137",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Chlorotoxin (CTX), a disulfide-rich peptide from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus,"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c5f12d91a4c55d80b000016
| 550 |
yesno
|
Are Ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) enriched in segmental duplications?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['ULEs are located in intergenic or intronic regions and are depleted from segmental duplications. In addition, here we show that these elements are preferentially found in pathogenic deletions (enrichment ratio 3.6 vs. 0.5 in duplications), and that this association is not related with a higher content of genes.', 'we begin by showing that depletion for uces characterizes the most recent large-scale human cnv datasets and then find that even newly formed de novo cnvs, which have passed through meiosis at most once, are significantly depleted for uces.', 'Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) are strongly depleted from segmental duplications and copy number variations (CNVs) in the human genome, suggesting that deletion or duplication of a UCE can be deleterious to the mammalian cell. These elements are most often located either overlapping exons in genes involved in RNA processing or in introns or nearby genes involved in the regulation of transcription and development.', 'Mammalian ultraconserved elements are strongly depleted among segmental duplications and copy number variants. Notably, of the UCEs that are found in segmental duplications or copy number variants, the majority overlap exons, indicating, along with other findings presented, that UCEs overlapping exons represent a distinct subset.', 'Here we address the process by which CNVs become depleted of UCEs. We begin by showing that depletion for UCEs characterizes the most recent large-scale human CNV datasets and then find that even newly formed de novo CNVs, which have passed through meiosis at most once, are significantly depleted for UCEs.', 'Mammalian ultraconserved elements are strongly depleted among segmental duplications and copy number variants.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22987666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957701",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24349264",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21092253"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 227,
"offsetInEndSection": 293,
"text": "Here we address the process by which CNVs become depleted of UCEs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 294,
"offsetInEndSection": 534,
"text": "We begin by showing that depletion for UCEs characterizes the most recent large-scale human CNV datasets and then find that even newly formed de novo CNVs, which have passed through meiosis at most once, are significantly depleted for UCEs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 535,
"offsetInEndSection": 680,
"text": "In striking contrast, CNVs arising specifically in cancer cells are, as a rule, not depleted for UCEs and can even become significantly enriched."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 863,
"offsetInEndSection": 954,
"text": "Alternatively, lack of depletion for UCEs from cancer CNVs may reflect the diseased state. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22987666",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 949,
"offsetInEndSection": 1045,
"text": "ULEs are located in intergenic or intronic regions and are depleted from segmental duplications."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21092253",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 442,
"offsetInEndSection": 579,
"text": "Interestingly, human UCEs have been reported to be strongly depleted among segmental duplications and benign copy number variants (CNVs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21092253",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1126,
"offsetInEndSection": 1341,
"text": "In addition, here we show that these elements are preferentially found in pathogenic deletions (enrichment ratio 3.6 vs. 0.5 in duplications), and that this association is not related with a higher content of genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21092253",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1342,
"offsetInEndSection": 1433,
"text": "In contrast, pathogenic CNVs lacking UCEs showed almost a threefold higher content in genes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957701",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 362,
"offsetInEndSection": 581,
"text": "We have demonstrated that nonexonic UCEs are depleted among segmental duplications (SDs) and copy number variants (CNVs) and proposed that their ultraconservation may reflect a mechanism of copy counting via comparison."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998490",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Mammalian ultraconserved elements are strongly depleted among segmental duplications and copy number variants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 610,
"offsetInEndSection": 936,
"text": "Here, we show that UCEs are significantly depleted among segmental duplications and copy number variants. Notably, of the UCEs that are found in segmental duplications or copy number variants, the majority overlap exons, indicating, along with other findings presented, that UCEs overlapping exons represent a distinct subset."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) are strongly depleted from segmental duplications and copy number variations (CNVs) in the human genome, suggesting that deletion or duplication of a UCE can be deleterious to the mammalian cell."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 609,
"offsetInEndSection": 714,
"text": "Here, we show that UCEs are significantly depleted among segmental duplications and copy number variants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957701",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 359,
"offsetInEndSection": 578,
"text": "We have demonstrated that nonexonic UCEs are depleted among segmental duplications (SDs) and copy number variants (CNVs) and proposed that their ultraconservation may reflect a mechanism of copy counting via comparison."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 610,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "Here, we show that UCEs are significantly depleted among segmental duplications and copy number variants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) are strongly depleted from segmental duplications and copy number variations (CNVs) in the human genome, suggesting that deletion or duplication of a UCE can be deleterious to the mammalian cell"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24349264",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 817,
"offsetInEndSection": 931,
"text": "melanogaster genome revealed depletion of the P-element and piggyBac insertions in and around the Sophophora UCEs."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998490",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "Mammalian ultraconserved elements are strongly depleted among segmental duplications and copy number variants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 612,
"offsetInEndSection": 717,
"text": "Here, we show that UCEs are significantly depleted among segmental duplications and copy number variants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21092253",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 430,
"offsetInEndSection": 567,
"text": "Interestingly, human UCEs have been reported to be strongly depleted among segmental duplications and benign copy number variants (CNVs)."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
| null | null |
58a71bb960087bc10a00002d
| 551 |
yesno
|
Can radius fracture cause carpal tunnel syndrome?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, carpal tunnel syndrome is a common complication associated with distal radius fractures.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10207976",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28336098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25920637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511570",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28638948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27454517",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26566562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21786553",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21505639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169594"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169594",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 113,
"text": "Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) after distal radius fractures can present in 3 forms: acute, transient, and delayed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28336098",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 682,
"offsetInEndSection": 915,
"text": "Complications were categorized as carpal tunnel syndrome, other sensibility issues, tendon complications including irritation and rupture, deep infections, complex regional pain syndrome and unidentified DRUJ or scapholunar problems."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28336098",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1226,
"offsetInEndSection": 1385,
"text": "The overall complication rate was 14.6% (95% CI 11.8-17.7) including carpal tunnel syndrome or change in sensibility in 5.2% and tendon complications in 4.7%. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511570",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 278,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Although median nerve neuropathy and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are known complications of both untreated and acutely treated distal radius fracture, median neuropathy after correction of distal radius malunion is not commonly reported in hand surgery literature. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28638948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 873,
"offsetInEndSection": 1040,
"text": "Complications were defined as malunion, carpal tunnel syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), persistent pain, and subjective cosmetic deformity of the wrist."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27454517",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common complication associated with distal radius fractures."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25920637",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1455,
"offsetInEndSection": 1634,
"text": "The patient also had minor complications of little finger flexor tendon irritation and carpal tunnel syndrome. She underwent implant removal and carpal tunnel release at 8 months."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26566562",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Acute multiple flexor tendon injury and carpal tunnel syndrome after open distal radius fracture."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026468",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition and is a well-recognized phenomenon following a distal radius fracture."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21505639",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 295,
"text": "We report the incidence of late onset post-operative carpal tunnel syndrome (late carpal tunnel syndrome) and late median nerve neuropathy after volar plating of distal radius fracture by conducting a retrospective study on volar plating for distal radius fracture performed during 2002 to 2006."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026468",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 52,
"text": "Carpal tunnel syndrome after distal radius fracture."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21786553",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "[Case-control study on transverse carpal ligament resection for the prevention of delayed carpal tunnel syndrome after distal radius fracture]."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21505639",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "Hand numbness and carpal tunnel syndrome after volar plating of distal radius fracture."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026468",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 465,
"offsetInEndSection": 585,
"text": "Delayed carpal tunnel syndrome presenting after a distal radius fracture has healed is best managed in standard fashion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27454517",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 628,
"offsetInEndSection": 928,
"text": "Being well known and accepted techniques of carpal tunnel release, we believe that the techniques described in this paper provide a viable alternative for carpal tunnel release in the setting of distal radius fracture fixation; with the added advantages of the original minimally invasive techniques."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10207976",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "Carpal tunnel syndrome after fracture of the distal radius is a well known complication in adults, but in small children carpal tunnel syndrome is extremely rare."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169594",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 52,
"text": "Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Distal Radius Fractures."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026468",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 53,
"text": "Carpal tunnel syndrome after distal radius fracture."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21505639",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Hand numbness and carpal tunnel syndrome after volar plating of distal radius fracture."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
|
[
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002349",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12169"
] | null |
5a72284b2dc08e987e000001
| 552 |
yesno
|
Is the Wnt protein modified by notum?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, \tNotum deacylates Wnt proteins to suppress signalling activity.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25731175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24992682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24523458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22159580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669824",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18429952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15647319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505598",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10049571"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25731175",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Notum deacylates Wnt proteins to suppress signalling activity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25731175",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 860,
"offsetInEndSection": 1089,
"text": "Kinetic and mass spectrometric analyses of human proteins show that Notum is a carboxylesterase that removes an essential palmitoleate moiety from Wnt proteins and thus constitutes the first known extracellular protein deacylase."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24992682",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 794,
"offsetInEndSection": 817,
"text": "the Wnt inhibitor notum"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24523458",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 929,
"offsetInEndSection": 953,
"text": "the WNT-inhibitor notum."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
57089865cf1c32585100000c
| 553 |
yesno
|
Is SATB1 positioned close to AT-rich sequences?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, SATB1 is preferentially located at the start of an AT-rich sequence and is associated with other, more diffuse AT- rich sequences in the genome.', "Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1), a DNA-binding protein expressed predominantly in thymocytes, recognizes an ATC sequence context that consists of a cluster of sequence stretches with well-mixed A's, T's, and C's without G's on one strand. SATB1 (special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1) provides a key link between DNA loop organization, chromatin modification/remodeling, and association of transcription factors at matrix attachment regions (MARs).", "Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1), a DNA-binding protein expressed predominantly in thymocytes, recognizes an ATC sequence context that consists of a cluster of sequence stretches with well-mixed A's, T's, and C's without G's on one strand.", 'We have purified and identified one of the core factors as the matrix attachment region (MAR) binding protein, SATB1, which is known to bind to AT-rich sequences with a high propensity to unwind']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24729451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24047082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18408014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28179318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24118100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10629043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8049444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29306014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9548713",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27590341"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8049444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 416,
"offsetInEndSection": 585,
"text": " Tryptic cleavage and peptide sequence analysis demonstrated that the 98-kD protein is identical to a recently cloned protein, special A-T-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9548713",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1), a DNA-binding protein expressed predominantly in thymocytes, recognizes an ATC sequence context that consists of a cluster of sequence stretches with well-mixed A's, T's, and C's without G's on one strand. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10629043",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 778,
"offsetInEndSection": 973,
"text": " We have purified and identified one of the core factors as the matrix attachment region (MAR) binding protein, SATB1, which is known to bind to AT-rich sequences with a high propensity to unwind"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18408014",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 214,
"text": "SATB1 (special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1) provides a key link between DNA loop organization, chromatin modification/remodeling, and association of transcription factors at matrix attachment regions (MARs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24047082",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 166,
"text": "Over-expression of the special AT rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) promotes the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: association with EBV LMP-1 expression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24047082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 13,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "pecial AT rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) plays a crucial role in the biology of various types of human cancer. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24118100",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 58,
"text": "Loss of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24118100",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 5,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a cell type-specific matrix attachment region binding protein, functioning as a global genome organizer. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24729451",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "SATB1 (special AT-rich binding protein 1) is a global chromatin organizer regulating the expression of a large number of genes"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27590341",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Special AT-rich Sequence-binding Protein 1 (SATB1) Functions as an Accessory Factor in Base Excision Repair."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28179318",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "Rearrangement of the Chromatin Organizer Special AT-rich Binding Protein 1 Gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29306014",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "The Special AT-rich Sequence Binding Protein 1 (SATB1) exerts multiple functions, by influencing the structural organization of chromatin and interacting with several co-activators and co-repressors of transcription."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29306014",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "The Special AT-rich Sequence Binding Protein 1 (SATB1) and its role in solid tumors."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d38826ea1e1595105000016
| 554 |
yesno
|
Does the 3D structure of the genome remain stable during cell differentiation?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['Many studies have suggested a link between the spatial organization of genomes and fundamental biological processes such as genome reprogramming, gene expression, and differentiation. The open chromatin of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) condenses into repressive heterochromatin as cells exit the pluripotent state. The relation between alterations in chromatin structure and changes in gene expression during cell differentiation has served as a paradigm to understand the link between genome organization and function. Insulators are involved in 3D genome organization at multiple spatial scales and are important for dynamic reorganization of chromatin structure during reprogramming and differentiation. Architectural proteins orchestrate higher-order chromatin organization through the establishment of interactions between regulatory elements across multiple spatial scales. The regulation of these proteins, their interaction with DNA, and their co-occurrence in the genome, may be responsible for the plasticity of 3D chromatin architecture that dictates cell and time-specific blueprints of gene expression.', "Chromatin insulators have emerged as one of the central components of the genome organization tool-kit across species. We identify large, megabase-sized local chromatin interaction domains, which we term 'topological domains', as a pervasive structural feature of the genome organization. Many studies have suggested a link between the spatial organization of genomes and fundamental biological processes such as genome reprogramming, gene expression, and differentiation. Thus, p63 and its direct target Brg1 play an essential role in remodelling the higher-order chromatin structure of the EDC and in the specific positioning of this locus within the landscape of the 3D nuclear space, as required for the efficient expression of EDC genes in epidermal progenitor cells during skin development."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26340639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346698",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24305663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905166",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199754",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693564"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495300",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 940,
"offsetInEndSection": 1109,
"text": "We identify large, megabase-sized local chromatin interaction domains, which we term 'topological domains', as a pervasive structural feature of the genome organization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495300",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1207,
"offsetInEndSection": 1376,
"text": "The domains are stable across different cell types and highly conserved across species, indicating that topological domains are an inherent property of mammalian genomes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26340639",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 547,
"offsetInEndSection": 733,
"text": "Insulators are involved in 3D genome organization at multiple spatial scales and are important for dynamic reorganization of chromatin structure during reprogramming and differentiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218583",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "The relation between alterations in chromatin structure and changes in gene expression during cell differentiation has served as a paradigm to understand the link between genome organization and function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218583",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 521,
"offsetInEndSection": 929,
"text": "Architectural proteins orchestrate higher-order chromatin organization through the establishment of interactions between regulatory elements across multiple spatial scales. The regulation of these proteins, their interaction with DNA, and their co-occurrence in the genome, may be responsible for the plasticity of 3D chromatin architecture that dictates cell and time-specific blueprints of gene expression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 198,
"offsetInEndSection": 430,
"text": "The role of 3D genome organisation in the control and execution of lineage-specific transcription programmes during the development and differentiation of multipotent stem cells into specialised cell types remains poorly understood."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Chromatin structural states and their remodelling, including higher-order chromatin folding and three-dimensional (3D) genome organisation, play an important role in the control of gene expression"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 431,
"offsetInEndSection": 666,
"text": "Here, we show that substantial remodelling of the higher-order chromatin structure of the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), a keratinocyte lineage-specific gene locus on mouse chromosome 3, occurs during epidermal morphogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24305663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "Many studies have suggested a link between the spatial organization of genomes and fundamental biological processes such as genome reprogramming, gene expression, and differentiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479748",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 717,
"offsetInEndSection": 908,
"text": "Moreover, we reveal that formation of such highly condensed, transcriptionally repressed heterochromatin promotes transcriptional activation of differentiation genes and loss of pluripotency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479748",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "The open chromatin of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) condenses into repressive heterochromatin as cells exit the pluripotent state."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479748",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 551,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "we find that localized heterochromatin condensation of ribosomal RNA genes initiates establishment of highly condensed chromatin structures outside of the nucleolus"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905166",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 522,
"offsetInEndSection": 676,
"text": "We focus on the emerging relationship between genome organization and lineage-specific transcriptional regulation, which we argue are inextricably linked."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199754",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 408,
"text": "Cells face the challenge of storing two meters of DNA in the three-dimensional (3D) space of the nucleus that spans only a few microns. The nuclear organization that is required to overcome this challenge must allow for the accessibility of the gene regulatory machinery to the DNA and, in the case of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), for the transcriptional and epigenetic changes that accompany differentiation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199754",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 715,
"offsetInEndSection": 1076,
"text": "In this review we summarize some of the recent findings illuminating the 3D structure of the eukaryotic genome, as well as the relationship between genome topology and function from the level of whole chromosomes to enhancer-promoter loops with a focus on features affecting genome organization in ESCs and changes in nuclear organization during differentiation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 481,
"offsetInEndSection": 742,
"text": "We observe that although self-associating chromatin domains are stable during differentiation, chromatin interactions both within and between domains change in a striking manner, altering 36% of active and inactive chromosomal compartments throughout the genome"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002454",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678"
] |
[] |
56ebfac12ac5ed1459000001
| 555 |
yesno
|
Do R-loops tend to form at sites of DNA replication?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['R-loops co-localize with the ORC within the same CpG island region in a significant fraction of these efficient replication origins. Physiological R-loop formation at CpG island promoters can contribute to DNA replication origin specification at these regions, the most efficient replication initiation sites in mammalian cells. One mechanism may be that downstream of a replication block, RNA at R-loops is extended by DNA polymerase I, opening up the DNA duplex and leading to the recruitment of the replisome. This would allow replication to proceed while the original block is repaired or bypassed. Thus, the organized structure of the R-loop is critical for primer RNA function in vivo with important implications for the RNA processing and DNA replication machinery.', 'We found that overproduction of RecG protein drastically decreased copy numbers of ColE1-type plasmids, which require R-loop formation between the template DNA and a primer RNA transcript (RNA II) for the initiation of replication. ColE1 plasmid origins of replication and oriK sites initiate primosome assembly by an RNA-DNA hybrid structure known as R-loop. We propose that downstream of a replication block, RNA at R-loops is extended by DNA polymerase I, opening up the DNA duplex and leading to the recruitment of the replisome. We review evidence suggesting that R-loops are frequent during normal cell growth and that R-loops are critical for the maintenance of genome integrity.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487262",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22464441",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21191184",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569610",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009281",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8798672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7774596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10082645",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25569209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9119223",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22195969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9150892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21129203",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20495385",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19841062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22965135"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7774596",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "Escherichia coli rnhA mutants devoid of RNase HI exhibit constitutive stable DNA replication, cSDR, which is thought to be initiated from R-loops stabilized in the absence of RNase HI."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8798672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1161,
"offsetInEndSection": 1340,
"text": "We propose that the organized structure of the R-loop is critical for primer RNA function in vivo with important implications for the RNA processing and DNA replication machinery."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8798672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 143,
"offsetInEndSection": 344,
"text": "The precursor primer RNA exists as a persistent RNA-DNA hybrid, known as an R-loop, formed during transcription through the replication origin (Xu, B., and Clayton, D. A. (1996) EMBO J. 15, 3135-3143)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009281",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 113,
"offsetInEndSection": 344,
"text": "We found that overproduction of RecG protein drastically decreased copy numbers of ColE1-type plasmids, which require R-loop formation between the template DNA and a primer RNA transcript (RNA II) for the initiation of replication."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009281",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 580,
"offsetInEndSection": 986,
"text": "These results suggest that overproduced RecG inhibits the initiation of replication by prematurely resolving the R-loops formed at the replication origin region of these plasmids with its unique helicase activity. The possibility that RecG regulates the initiation of a unique mode of DNA replication, oriC-independent constitutive stable DNA replication, by its activity in resolving R-loops is discussed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 602,
"offsetInEndSection": 864,
"text": "We propose that downstream of a replication block, RNA at R-loops is extended by DNA polymerase I, opening up the DNA duplex and leading to the recruitment of the replisome. This would allow replication to proceed while the original block is repaired or bypassed"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21191184",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1028,
"offsetInEndSection": 1263,
"text": "Furthermore, increased RNaseH expression significantly alleviated genomic instability in deficient fibroblasts suggesting that cotranscriptional R-loops formation contributes to the genesis of replication-dependent DSBs in these cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21191184",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 144,
"offsetInEndSection": 442,
"text": "Transcription is an important source of replicative stress and consequently, maintenance of genome integrity requires the protection of chromosomes from the deleterious effects arising from the interaction between nascent RNAs and template DNA, leading to stable DNA-RNA hybrids (R-loop) formation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 621,
"offsetInEndSection": 760,
"text": "Strikingly, we found that attenuation of replication strongly suppresses R-loop-mediated DNA rearrangements in both E. coli and HeLa cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 453,
"offsetInEndSection": 618,
"text": "More importantly, we then show that R-loop formation causes DNA replication fork stalling, and that this in fact underlies the effects of R loops on genomic stabilit"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979917",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 91,
"text": "R-loop-mediated genomic instability is caused by impairment of replication fork progression"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22464441",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 724,
"offsetInEndSection": 922,
"text": "When any of these processes are not properly coordinated, aberrant outcomes such as fork reversal and R-loop formation arise and trigger unscheduled recombinogenic events and genome rearrangements. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487262",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 952,
"offsetInEndSection": 1208,
"text": "Many studies show that cells can manage R loop formation with efficiency, and can also process the R-loops already formed in the cell, and by which, the bad effects of R-loops on DNA replication, gene mutation and homologous recombination can be regulated."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 245,
"offsetInEndSection": 462,
"text": "Here we propose that physiological R-loop formation at CpG island promoters can contribute to DNA replication origin specification at these regions, the most efficient replication initiation sites in mammalian cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 662,
"offsetInEndSection": 904,
"text": "In agreement with this, we found that R-loops co-localize with the ORC within the same CpG island region in a significant fraction of these efficient replication origins, precisely at the position displaying the highest density of G4 motifs. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 932,
"offsetInEndSection": 1187,
"text": "connection between transcription and replication in human cells and suggests that R-loop dysregulation at CpG island promoter-origins might contribute to the phenotype of DNA replication abnormalities and loss of genome integrity detected in cancer cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22195969",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 620,
"offsetInEndSection": 769,
"text": "We show that RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) form at sites of transcription/replication collisions and that RNase H1 functions to suppress CFS instability."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972891",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 73,
"text": "R-loops and initiation of DNA replication in human cells: a missing link?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10082645",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Stable RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) prime the initiation of replication in Escherichia coli cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 770,
"offsetInEndSection": 943,
"text": "We propose that downstream of a replication block, RNA at R-loops is extended by DNA polymerase I, opening up the DNA duplex and leading to the recruitment of the replisome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21129203",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 284,
"offsetInEndSection": 473,
"text": "Immediately after infection, RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) occur on (at least some) replication origins, with the annealed RNA serving as a primer for leading-strand synthesis in one direction."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 460,
"offsetInEndSection": 676,
"text": "Here we propose that physiological R-loop formation at CpG island promoters can contribute to DNA replication origin specification at these regions, the most efficient replication initiation sites in mammalian cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 445,
"offsetInEndSection": 572,
"text": "ColE1 plasmid origins of replication and oriK sites initiate primosome assembly by an RNA-DNA hybrid structure known as R-loop."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1183,
"offsetInEndSection": 1466,
"text": "This scenario builds on the connection between transcription and replication in human cells and suggests that R-loop dysregulation at CpG island promoter-origins might contribute to the phenotype of DNA replication abnormalities and loss of genome integrity detected in cancer cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9119223",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 673,
"offsetInEndSection": 880,
"text": "The multiple cleavage sites on the R-loop substrate match the priming sites observed in vivo, suggesting that RNase MRP alone is capable of generating virtually all of the leading-strand replication primers."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972891",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 73,
"text": "R-loops and initiation of DNA replication in human cells: a missing link?"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9150892",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Mechanisms of primer RNA synthesis and D-loop/R-loop-dependent DNA replication in Escherichia coli."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22195969",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 620,
"offsetInEndSection": 769,
"text": "We show that RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) form at sites of transcription/replication collisions and that RNase H1 functions to suppress CFS instability."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25569209",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 582,
"offsetInEndSection": 773,
"text": "Alternative oriC-independent modes of replication initiation are possible, one of which is constitutive stable DNA replication (cSDR) from transcription-associated RNA-DNA hybrids or R-loops."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972891",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 73,
"text": "R-loops and initiation of DNA replication in human cells: a missing link?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10082645",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Stable RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) prime the initiation of replication in Escherichia coli cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 770,
"offsetInEndSection": 943,
"text": "We propose that downstream of a replication block, RNA at R-loops is extended by DNA polymerase I, opening up the DNA duplex and leading to the recruitment of the replisome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20495385",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 401,
"offsetInEndSection": 601,
"text": "Our results suggest that Top1 execute this function by suppressing the formation of DNA-RNA hybrids during transcription, these so-called R-loops interfering with the progression of replication forks."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569610",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 58,
"text": "Critical role of R-loops in processing replication blocks."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009281",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 794,
"offsetInEndSection": 986,
"text": "The possibility that RecG regulates the initiation of a unique mode of DNA replication, oriC-independent constitutive stable DNA replication, by its activity in resolving R-loops is discussed."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19841062",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Competition between the RNA transcript and the nontemplate DNA strand during R-loop formation in vitro: a nick can serve as a strong R-loop initiation site."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 453,
"offsetInEndSection": 621,
"text": "More importantly, we then show that R-loop formation causes DNA replication fork stalling, and that this in fact underlies the effects of R loops on genomic stability. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10082645",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 331,
"offsetInEndSection": 517,
"text": "Consistent with this hypothesis, the 3' ends of the mitochondrial R-loop formed by in vitro transcription are located close to the initiation sites of the mitochondrial DNA replication. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009281",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 794,
"offsetInEndSection": 986,
"text": "The possibility that RecG regulates the initiation of a unique mode of DNA replication, oriC-independent constitutive stable DNA replication, by its activity in resolving R-loops is discussed."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19841062",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Competition between the RNA transcript and the nontemplate DNA strand during R-loop formation in vitro: a nick can serve as a strong R-loop initiation site."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22965135",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "A hybrid G-quadruplex structure formed between RNA and DNA explains the extraordinary stability of the mitochondrial R-loop."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 453,
"offsetInEndSection": 621,
"text": "More importantly, we then show that R-loop formation causes DNA replication fork stalling, and that this in fact underlies the effects of R loops on genomic stability. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22965135",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 414,
"offsetInEndSection": 583,
"text": "Previous studies have shown that the newly synthesized primers form a stable and persistent RNA-DNA hybrid, a R-loop, near the leading-strand origin of DNA replication. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009281",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 794,
"offsetInEndSection": 986,
"text": "The possibility that RecG regulates the initiation of a unique mode of DNA replication, oriC-independent constitutive stable DNA replication, by its activity in resolving R-loops is discussed."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19841062",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Competition between the RNA transcript and the nontemplate DNA strand during R-loop formation in vitro: a nick can serve as a strong R-loop initiation site."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10082645",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 331,
"offsetInEndSection": 517,
"text": "Consistent with this hypothesis, the 3' ends of the mitochondrial R-loop formed by in vitro transcription are located close to the initiation sites of the mitochondrial DNA replication. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 453,
"offsetInEndSection": 621,
"text": "More importantly, we then show that R-loop formation causes DNA replication fork stalling, and that this in fact underlies the effects of R loops on genomic stability. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7774596",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "Escherichia coli rnhA mutants devoid of RNase HI exhibit constitutive stable DNA replication, cSDR, which is thought to be initiated from R-loops stabilized in the absence of RNase HI. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22965135",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 414,
"offsetInEndSection": 583,
"text": "Previous studies have shown that the newly synthesized primers form a stable and persistent RNA-DNA hybrid, a R-loop, near the leading-strand origin of DNA replication. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009281",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 794,
"offsetInEndSection": 986,
"text": "The possibility that RecG regulates the initiation of a unique mode of DNA replication, oriC-independent constitutive stable DNA replication, by its activity in resolving R-loops is discussed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 453,
"offsetInEndSection": 621,
"text": "More importantly, we then show that R-loop formation causes DNA replication fork stalling, and that this in fact underlies the effects of R loops on genomic stability. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10082645",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 331,
"offsetInEndSection": 517,
"text": "Consistent with this hypothesis, the 3' ends of the mitochondrial R-loop formed by in vitro transcription are located close to the initiation sites of the mitochondrial DNA replication. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009281",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 794,
"offsetInEndSection": 986,
"text": "The possibility that RecG regulates the initiation of a unique mode of DNA replication, oriC-independent constitutive stable DNA replication, by its activity in resolving R-loops is discussed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 453,
"offsetInEndSection": 621,
"text": "More importantly, we then show that R-loop formation causes DNA replication fork stalling, and that this in fact underlies the effects of R loops on genomic stability. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10082645",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 331,
"offsetInEndSection": 517,
"text": "Consistent with this hypothesis, the 3' ends of the mitochondrial R-loop formed by in vitro transcription are located close to the initiation sites of the mitochondrial DNA replication. "
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004247",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004261"
] |
[] |
56e2985951531f7e33000013
| 556 |
yesno
|
Does sphingosine-1 phosphoate suppress epiregulin?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['Sphingosine-1 phosphate induces epiregulin (EREG) gene expression.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33189864"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33189864",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1971,
"offsetInEndSection": 2128,
"text": "S1P-induced FOXO1 and EREG gene expression suggests that the activation of S1P-S1PR axis may cooperate with gonadotropins in modulating follicle development."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33189864",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1411,
"offsetInEndSection": 1627,
"text": "S1P-dependent CREB phosphorylation induced FOXO1 and the EGF-like epiregulin-encoding gene (EREG), confirming the exclusive role of gonadotropins and interleukins in this process, but did not affect steroidogenesis. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6237a6e93a8413c6530000b1
| 558 |
yesno
|
Can we detect DNA strand asymmetries using dinucleotide relative abundance "genomic signatures"?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['The set of dinucleotide relative abundances can be regarded as a genomic signature because, despite diversity between species, it varies little between 50 kilobase or longer windows on a given genome. Thus, dinucleotide relative abundance profiles are species-type specific. These profiles are computed from the base step "odds ratios" that compare dinucleotide frequencies to those expected under the assumption of stochastic equilibrium (thorough shuffling). Dinucleotide relative abundance "genomic signatures" are strand-independent second-order DNA features. Thus, they cannot be used to detect DNA strand asymmetries.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18799480",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15716010",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15046306",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430918",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066522",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9294192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9190805",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9520433"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18799480",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 523,
"offsetInEndSection": 702,
"text": "comparing the heterogeneities of bacterial genomes with respect to strand-independent first- and second-order features, (i) G + C content and (ii) dinucleotide relative abundance,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15716010",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 215,
"offsetInEndSection": 477,
"text": "the concept of a genomic signature was introduced with the observation of species-type specific Dinucleotide Relative Abundance Profiles (DRAPs); dinucleotides were identified as the subsequences with the greatest bias in representation in a majority of genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15046306",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 54,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "dinucleotide relative abundance values (the genomic signature)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 212,
"text": "The dinucleotide relative abundance profile can be regarded as a genomic signature because, despite diversity between species, it varies little between 50 kilobase or longer windows on a given genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 350,
"offsetInEndSection": 532,
"text": "The profile is computed from the base step \"odds ratios\" that compare dinucleotide frequencies to those expected under the assumption of stochastic equilibrium (thorough shuffling). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 307,
"offsetInEndSection": 369,
"text": "The genome signatures (dinucleotide relative abundance values)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066522",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Early biochemical experiments measuring nearest neighbor frequencies established that the set of dinucleotide relative abundance values (dinucleotide biases) is a remarkably stable property of the DNA of an organism."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066522",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 521,
"offsetInEndSection": 643,
"text": "the set of dinucleotide biases constitutes a 'genomic signature' that can discriminate sequences from different organisms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 669,
"offsetInEndSection": 773,
"text": "the set of dinucleotide odds ratio (relative abundance) values constitute a signature of each DNA genome"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundance extremes: a genomic signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "The dinucleotide relative abundance profile can be regarded as a genomic signature because, despite diversity between species, it varies little between 50 kilobase or longer windows on a given genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15716010",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 201,
"offsetInEndSection": 476,
"text": "Previously, the concept of a genomic signature was introduced with the observation of species-type specific Dinucleotide Relative Abundance Profiles (DRAPs); dinucleotides were identified as the subsequences with the greatest bias in representation in a majority of genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066522",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Early biochemical experiments measuring nearest neighbor frequencies established that the set of dinucleotide relative abundance values (dinucleotide biases) is a remarkably stable property of the DNA of an organism."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9294192",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 133,
"offsetInEndSection": 488,
"text": "Comparisons within and between species sample sequences are based on the profile of dinucleotide relative abundance values (The profile is rho*XY = f*XY/f*Xf*Y for all XY, where f*X denotes the frequency of the nucleotide X and f*XY denotes the frequency of the dinucleotide XY, both computed from the sequence concatenated with its inverted complement)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundance extremes: a genomic signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "The dinucleotide relative abundance profile can be regarded as a genomic signature because, despite diversity between species, it varies little between 50 kilobase or longer windows on a given genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15716010",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 201,
"offsetInEndSection": 476,
"text": "Previously, the concept of a genomic signature was introduced with the observation of species-type specific Dinucleotide Relative Abundance Profiles (DRAPs); dinucleotides were identified as the subsequences with the greatest bias in representation in a majority of genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066522",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Early biochemical experiments measuring nearest neighbor frequencies established that the set of dinucleotide relative abundance values (dinucleotide biases) is a remarkably stable property of the DNA of an organism."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9294192",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 133,
"offsetInEndSection": 488,
"text": "Comparisons within and between species sample sequences are based on the profile of dinucleotide relative abundance values (The profile is rho*XY = f*XY/f*Xf*Y for all XY, where f*X denotes the frequency of the nucleotide X and f*XY denotes the frequency of the dinucleotide XY, both computed from the sequence concatenated with its inverted complement)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundance extremes: a genomic signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "The dinucleotide relative abundance profile can be regarded as a genomic signature because, despite diversity between species, it varies little between 50 kilobase or longer windows on a given genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15716010",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 201,
"offsetInEndSection": 476,
"text": "Previously, the concept of a genomic signature was introduced with the observation of species-type specific Dinucleotide Relative Abundance Profiles (DRAPs); dinucleotides were identified as the subsequences with the greatest bias in representation in a majority of genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066522",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Early biochemical experiments measuring nearest neighbor frequencies established that the set of dinucleotide relative abundance values (dinucleotide biases) is a remarkably stable property of the DNA of an organism."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundance extremes: a genomic signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "The dinucleotide relative abundance profile can be regarded as a genomic signature because, despite diversity between species, it varies little between 50 kilobase or longer windows on a given genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15716010",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 201,
"offsetInEndSection": 476,
"text": "Previously, the concept of a genomic signature was introduced with the observation of species-type specific Dinucleotide Relative Abundance Profiles (DRAPs); dinucleotides were identified as the subsequences with the greatest bias in representation in a majority of genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066522",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Early biochemical experiments measuring nearest neighbor frequencies established that the set of dinucleotide relative abundance values (dinucleotide biases) is a remarkably stable property of the DNA of an organism."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9294192",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 133,
"offsetInEndSection": 488,
"text": "Comparisons within and between species sample sequences are based on the profile of dinucleotide relative abundance values (The profile is rho*XY = f*XY/f*Xf*Y for all XY, where f*X denotes the frequency of the nucleotide X and f*XY denotes the frequency of the dinucleotide XY, both computed from the sequence concatenated with its inverted complement)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundance extremes: a genomic signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066522",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Early biochemical experiments measuring nearest neighbor frequencies established that the set of dinucleotide relative abundance values (dinucleotide biases) is a remarkably stable property of the DNA of an organism."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundance extremes: a genomic signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9520433",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 705,
"offsetInEndSection": 887,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundances (i.e., dinucleotide representations normalized by the component nucleotide frequencies) are consonant with respect to the leading and lagging strands"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundance extremes: a genomic signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9520433",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 705,
"offsetInEndSection": 887,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundances (i.e., dinucleotide representations normalized by the component nucleotide frequencies) are consonant with respect to the leading and lagging strands"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundance extremes: a genomic signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9520433",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 705,
"offsetInEndSection": 887,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundances (i.e., dinucleotide representations normalized by the component nucleotide frequencies) are consonant with respect to the leading and lagging strands"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundance extremes: a genomic signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9520433",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 705,
"offsetInEndSection": 887,
"text": "Dinucleotide relative abundances (i.e., dinucleotide representations normalized by the component nucleotide frequencies) are consonant with respect to the leading and lagging strands"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
55435aeced966d112c000007
| 559 |
yesno
|
Do selenoproteins and selenium play a role in prostate cancer prevention?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No, although initial epidemiological studies on humans and on animal and cell- based models indicated that selenoproteins may be protecting against prostate cancer, more research is needed to improve the understanding of selenium metabolism and requirements for optimal health.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074884",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17160069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23133653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072582",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20852007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20424130",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19690186",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299660",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15875088"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690748",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1115,
"offsetInEndSection": 1402,
"text": "The selenoprotein-deficient mice exhibited accelerated development of lesions associated with prostate cancer progression, implicating selenoproteins in cancer risk and development and raising the possibility that selenium prevents cancer by modulating the levels of these selenoproteins"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17160069",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1293,
"offsetInEndSection": 1564,
"text": "Notably and in contrast to previous studies, RWPE-1 cells were significantly more sensitive to selenite than either of the prostate cancer cell lines. These results demonstrate that selenoproteins and selenium metabolism are regulated at multiple levels in prostate cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074884",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1783,
"offsetInEndSection": 2110,
"text": "In a low-selenium population, SOD2-Ala16+ men homozygous for SEPP1-Ala234 are at an increased risk of prostate cancer/aggressive prostate cancer especially if ever-smokers, because they are likely to produce more mitochondrial H(2)O(2) that they cannot remove, thereby promoting prostate tumor cell proliferation and migration."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20852007",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1417,
"offsetInEndSection": 1566,
"text": "Our results support a role of selenium and polymorphisms in selenoenzymes in prostate cancer etiology, which warrants confirmation in future studies."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20424130",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1470,
"offsetInEndSection": 1767,
"text": "This study provides evidence that SEP15 genetic variation may influence PCa mortality. Additionally, the association of selenium with PCa mortality was modified by a variant, suggesting the possibility that some men with PCa may benefit more from selenium than others, depending on their genotype."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19690186",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1619,
"offsetInEndSection": 1752,
"text": "We conclude that decreased SEPP concentration in serum might represent an additional valuable marker for prostate cancer diagnostics."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299660",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 289,
"text": "The recently completed Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) was one of the largest human cancer prevention trials ever undertaken. Its purpose was to assess the role of selenium and vitamin E in prostate cancer prevention, but SELECT found no decline in prostate cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15875088",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 325,
"offsetInEndSection": 928,
"text": "We studied Se levels in whole blood, plasma and prostate of 32 PC and 40 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients and in the control group composed of 39 healthy subjects. The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was also measured in the patients' red cells, plasma and prostate tissue. Se concentration in whole blood and plasma in both groups of patients was lower as compared with controls, while in prostate gland it was significantly higher in PC than in BPH patients and controls. Red cell GSH-Px activity was the same in PC patients and controls but significantly lower in BPH patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072582",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1352,
"offsetInEndSection": 1553,
"text": "Of particular interest was the positive correlation between tissue GPx activity and Gleason score, with this relationship achieving statistical significance among African-Americans (r = 0.67, P = 0.02)"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10283",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051140"
] | null |
515ed87c298dcd4e51000032
| 560 |
yesno
|
Is there any association between Tripe palms and cancer?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Tripe palms sign is associated with cancer.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33344554",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33660024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30736994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33074559",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33603399"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33660024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 464,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS MALIGNA: Symmetrical mainly intertriginous hyperpigmentation with partially verrucous hyperplasia and lichenification mostly in association with gastric adenocarcinoma. Special forms are florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33603399",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 505,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "Bladder cancer with AN concomitant with tripe palms (TP) and/or mucosal involvement is relatively rare and, to our knowledge, only seven cases of AN with bladder cancer have been reported in the English literature. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33074559",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Tripe palms (TP) is one of the rare cutaneous paraneoplastic manifestations of various intra-abdominal malignancies. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33344554",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Acanthosis nigricans (AN), Leser-Trélat sign, and tripe palm are all skin diseases. To date, reports of these appearing as a paraneoplastic syndrome in a gastric cancer patient are quite rare."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30736994",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1036,
"offsetInEndSection": 1501,
"text": "Finally, yet another collection of paraneoplastic skin disorders can associate themselves with anatomically-diverse malignancies (Leser-Trelat syndrome, Trousseau syndrome, dermatomyositis, erythema gyratum repens, hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita, papuloerythroderma of Ofuji, tripe palms, and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis). Recognition of these processes by the pathologist can be a valuable step in the characterization of underlying malignant diseases."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
63f02b50f36125a426000014
| 561 |
yesno
|
Should corticosteroids be considered as adjunctive therapy in paediatric sepsis management?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No. Corticosteroids should not be considered as adjunctive therapy in paediatric sepsis management.', 'No, corticosteroids should not be considered as adjunctive therapy in paediatric sepsis management.', 'No, the safety and efficacy of stress-dose steroids as general adjunctive therapy for pediatric septic shock have not been established.', 'No, there is uncertainty regarding the use of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy.', 'No. There is no definitive improvement in outcomes attributable to adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in the largest pediatric sepsis trial conducted to date.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2661496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35307800",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31808551",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36741650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23537672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17530137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20228689"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35307800",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 940,
"offsetInEndSection": 1195,
"text": "Controversy remains regarding resuscitation fluid volume and type, antibiotic choices depending upon infectious risks in the patient's community, and adjunctive therapies such as vitamin C, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and methylene blue. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 658,
"offsetInEndSection": 1067,
"text": "Although it may be prudent to provide stress-dose steroids to children with septic shock who are clinically at risk for adrenal insufficiency (chronic or recent steroid use, purpura fulminans, etomidate or ketoconazole administration, hypothalamic, pituitary, adrenal disease), the safety and efficacy of stress-dose steroids as general adjunctive therapy for pediatric septic shock have not been established."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1451,
"offsetInEndSection": 1645,
"text": "Accordingly, pediatric critical care researchers have a responsibility to generate pediatric-specific evidence-based medicine for adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for severe sepsis in children."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20228689",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1497,
"offsetInEndSection": 1812,
"text": "Similarly there was no difference in mean ventilator days between the corticosteroid and no corticosteroid groups, 8.3 days vs. 7.7 days, respectively, p = .38.CONCLUSIONS: Children with severe sepsis who received adjunctive corticosteroid therapy exhibited similar illness severity compared with those who did not."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20228689",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 607,
"offsetInEndSection": 1017,
"text": "Within this cohort, 193 children received corticosteroids during their septic episode and 284 did not.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Baseline summary characteristics demonstrated that children receiving or not receiving corticosteroids had similar demographics and disease severity as indicated by age, gender, mean Pediatric Risk of Mortality scores, and mean number of organ dysfunctions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17530137",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1606,
"offsetInEndSection": 1820,
"text": "Adjunctive therapy with stress dose of corticosteroid is indicated in selected populations.CONCLUSIONS: Septic shock hemodynamics is a changing process that requires frequent assessment and therapeutic adjustments."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20228689",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1873,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: To assess whether corticosteroids, used as adjunctive therapy for pediatric severe sepsis, is associated with improved outcomes.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study examining the clinical database derived from the RESOLVE (REsearching severe Sepsis and Organ dysfunction in children: a gLobal perspective, F1K-MC-EVBP) trial of activated protein C for pediatric severe sepsis.SETTING: A total of 104 pediatric centers in 18 countries from which data were originally gathered.SUBJECTS: Children with severe sepsis (n = 477), requiring both vasoactive-inotropic infusions and mechanical ventilation. Within this cohort, 193 children received corticosteroids during their septic episode and 284 did not.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Baseline summary characteristics demonstrated that children receiving or not receiving corticosteroids had similar demographics and disease severity as indicated by age, gender, mean Pediatric Risk of Mortality scores, and mean number of organ dysfunctions. Use of adjunctive corticosteroids increased during the F1K-MC-EVBP trial. Indications for corticosteroid prescription were therapeutic (89%, mostly shock) and prophylactic (13%). All cause 28-day mortality among children receiving and not receiving corticosteroids was 15.1% and 18.8%, respectively, p = .30. There was no difference in mean vasoactive-inotropic infusion days between the corticosteroid and no corticosteroid groups, 4.5 days vs. 4.3 days, respectively, p = .59. Similarly there was no difference in mean ventilator days between the corticosteroid and no corticosteroid groups, 8.3 days vs. 7.7 days, respectively, p = .38.CONCLUSIONS: Children with severe sepsis who received adjunctive corticosteroid therapy exhibited similar illness severity compared with those who did not. No definitive improvement in outcomes can be attributable to"
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
660c49f4fdcbea915f000034
| 562 |
yesno
|
Can a given genotype exhibit opposite fitness effects (beneficial and detrimental) within the same environment?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['A given genotype can be either beneficial or detrimental, even deleterious, depending on the environment in which an organism lives. This is known as antagonistic pleiotropy. Antagonistic pleiotropy can operate even within the same environment. For example, in Escherichia coli, certain mutations can exhibit beneficial, deleterious or neutral fitness effects at different growth rates. Also, antagonistic pleiotropy is involved in the evolution of ageing, since a certain genotype may affect late- and early-life fitness in opposite directions.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23169561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19226414",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15454545"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23169561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 311,
"text": "Mutations beneficial in one environment may cause costs in different environments, resulting in antagonistic pleiotropy. Here, we describe a novel form of antagonistic pleiotropy that operates even within the same environment, where benefits and deleterious effects exhibit themselves at different growth rates."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23169561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 759,
"offsetInEndSection": 951,
"text": "The hfq mutations were beneficial, deleterious or neutral at an intermediate growth rate (0.5 h(-1)) and one changed from beneficial to deleterious within a 36 min difference in doubling time."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19226414",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Two genetic models exist to explain the evolution of ageing - mutation accumulation (MA) and antagonistic pleiotropy (AP)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19226414",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 237,
"offsetInEndSection": 345,
"text": "Under AP, late-acting deleterious mutations accumulate because they confer beneficial effects early in life."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15454545",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 857,
"offsetInEndSection": 1135,
"text": "Many marker loci responded in opposite directions to selection for late- and early-life fitness, indicating negative genetic correlations or trade-offs between those traits. Indirect evidence suggested that some negative genetic correlations were due to antagonistic pleiotropy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23169561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 121,
"offsetInEndSection": 311,
"text": "Here, we describe a novel form of antagonistic pleiotropy that operates even within the same environment, where benefits and deleterious effects exhibit themselves at different growth rates."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23169561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 121,
"offsetInEndSection": 311,
"text": "Here, we describe a novel form of antagonistic pleiotropy that operates even within the same environment, where benefits and deleterious effects exhibit themselves at different growth rates."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23169561",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "The basis of antagonistic pleiotropy in hfq mutations that have opposite effects on fitness at slow and fast growth rates."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23169561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 121,
"offsetInEndSection": 310,
"text": "Here, we describe a novel form of antagonistic pleiotropy that operates even within the same environment, where benefits and deleterious effects exhibit themselves at different growth rates"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23169561",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "The basis of antagonistic pleiotropy in hfq mutations that have opposite effects on fitness at slow and fast growth rates."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
5549f7a1f35db7552600000d
| 563 |
yesno
|
Is Cystatin D a biomarker?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Cystatin D (CST5): An ultra-early inflammatory biomarker of traumatic brain injury']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28694499"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28694499",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "Cystatin D (CST5): An ultra-early inflammatory biomarker of traumatic brain injury."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5a9d9ab94e03427e73000003
| 564 |
yesno
|
In twin-twin transfusion syndrome, are the twins identical?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['No, twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) occurs in monozygotic twins, but they are not necessarily identical twins.', 'In twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), genetically identical twins are exposed to different haemodynamic conditions during fetal life.', 'Yes, in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the twins are genetically identical.', 'Yes, twins with twin-twin transfusion syndrome are genetically identical.', 'Yes, in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the twins are identical, meaning they share the same genetic material.', 'Yes, twin-twin transfusion syndrome occurs in identical twins.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32858578",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12181221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7789711",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18296754",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34400890",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24972991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22536818",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14608856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11869491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/848859"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11869491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 341,
"offsetInEndSection": 550,
"text": "hey are genetically identical and those with twin-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS) provide an ideal natural model in whom to study the influence of differing haemodynamic stresses on the developing vascular tre"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24972991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 13,
"offsetInEndSection": 278,
"text": "n twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), genetically identical twins are exposed to different haemodynamic conditions during fetal life, which are considered to be the cause of prenatal and postnatal cardiovascular differences between the donor and the recipient"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12181221",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 10,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": " To test the hypothesis that identical twins show no inter-twin differences in cardiovascular structure or physiology in fetal life unless there has been twin-twin transfusion syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34400890",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is an unusual and serious condition that occurs in twin pregnancies when identical twins share a placenta but develop discordant amniotic fluid volumes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18296754",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe complication of monozygotic (identical) twins, which share one single monochorionic placenta."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe complication of monozygotic (identical) twin fetuses sharing one single (monochorionic) placenta."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32858578",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe pregnancy complication of monochorionic (identical) twins that results in markedly discordant in utero environments for"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24972991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 673,
"text": "BACKGROUND: In twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), genetically identical twins are exposed to different haemodynamic conditions during fetal life, which are considered to be the cause of prenatal and postnatal cardiovascular differences between the donor and the recipient.OBJECTIVE: To assess intertwin differences on childhood cardiac outcome after intrauterine laser coagulation therapy (LC) of severe TTTS.DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Prospective, detailed, echocardiographic follow-up of 31 twin pairs aged 9.95±0.8 years (mean±SD) with severe TTTS treated by LC, and the comparison with reference values.RESULTS: Cardiac function was normal and did not show intertwin d"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14608856",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "Twin-twin transfusion syndrome is a serious complication of monozygotic, monochorionic, diamniotic twins resulting from transplacental vascular communications."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/848859",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2656,
"offsetInEndSection": 2807,
"text": " Most likely, the identical twin transfusion syndrome produces anoxia and brain damage during early prenatal development in the smaller identical twin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/848859",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 202,
"offsetInEndSection": 412,
"text": " A likely explanation for the association between birthweight and intelligence among identical twins is the identical twin transfusion syndrome which occurs only between some monochorionic identical twin pairs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7789711",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "The twin-twin transfusion syndrome is a rare but severe complication in monozygotic twins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22536818",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "Monochorionic twins are at increased risk for unique complications including twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), and twin-reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
6431f71057b1c7a315000019
| 566 |
yesno
|
Is miR-126 involved in heart failure?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, miR-126 is associated with heart failure.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23465244",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21157109"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23465244",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1479,
"offsetInEndSection": 1714,
"text": "he miRNAs miR-126 and miR-508-5p are associated with the outcome of ICM and NICM patients with CHF. These two miRNAs could be useful in the diagnosis of CHF patients, and might provide novel targets for prevention and treatment of CHF."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21157109",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1099,
"offsetInEndSection": 1236,
"text": "The plasma concentration of miR-126 was negatively correlated with age and NYHA class, and could be a useful biomarker for heart failure."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21157109",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 949,
"offsetInEndSection": 1085,
"text": "In 10 patients with heart failure, plasma concentrations of miR-126 were up-regulated with improvement of the NYHA class from IV to III."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006333",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006321",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:114",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0003015"
] |
[
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11659990"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11659990",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1537773"
},
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17697100"
},
{
"o": "mmu-mir-126",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17400039"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17400039",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C2741955"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17697100",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C2825936"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A15584100",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C2351954"
},
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A15584100"
},
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17399048"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18459725",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C2934296"
},
{
"o": "miR-126, zebrafish",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18459725"
},
{
"o": "hsa-mir-126 microRNA",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16480760"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0418144",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018801"
},
{
"o": "HEART FAILURE",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0418144"
}
] |
51485008d24251bc05000028
| 568 |
yesno
|
Is p53 a transcription factor?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, p53 is a sequence-specific transcription factor.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27990773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28140789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27216701"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27216701",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 64,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "As a transcription factor, p53 mainly exerts its tumor suppressive function through transcriptional regulation of many target genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27990773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 110,
"offsetInEndSection": 326,
"text": "p53 functions primarily as a sequence-specific transcription factor that controls the expression of hundreds of protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28140789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1005,
"offsetInEndSection": 1036,
"text": " p53 is a transcription factor "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5ac0817cd0c506ce46000001
| 569 |
yesno
|
Is bowel transplantation commonly performed in patients with severe gastrointestinal disease?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No. Bowel transplantation is extremely rarely performed.', 'No, bowel transplantation is not commonly performed in patients with severe gastrointestinal disease, because of the risks and complexity of the surgery, the need for lifelong immunosuppression, and the availability of alternative treatments.', 'No, bowel transplantation is not commonly performed in patients with severe gastrointestinal disease. The evidence suggests:\n\n- Small bowel transplant is still associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The outcomes are inferior to total parenteral nutrition (TPN).\n- This procedure should only be used when TPN is no longer feasible. \n- Long-term survival remains higher on home parenteral nutrition than with intestinal transplantation.\n- The experience in small bowel transplant is still limited.\n- 5-year survival rate after transplant does not exceed 50%. \n- The risks and long-term adverse effects of immunosuppression limit small bowel transplantation only to patients with severe complications of TPN therapy.\n- It is reserved for patients with irreversible intestinal failure who have a poor prognosis on parenteral nutrition.\n\nSo while intestinal transplantation is becoming more viable for select patients with intestinal failure, it remains an uncommon procedure due to high risks and generally inferior outcomes compared to parenteral nutrition. It is not routinely performed in most patients with severe gastrointestinal disease.', 'Bowel transplantation, also known as intestinal transplantation, is not commonly performed in patients with severe gastrointestinal diseases. It is typically reserved for individuals with intestinal failure, which is a condition where the intestines are unable to absorb enough nutrients, water, and electrolytes to sustain life. The most common cause of intestinal failure is short bowel syndrome, which occurs when a large portion of the small intestine is surgically removed, leaving less than 2 meters (6.6 feet) of the small intestine remaining. However, intestinal transplantation is a complex procedure with a mixed success rate and a high postoperative mortality rate. Therefore, it is not a common treatment option for patients with severe gastrointestinal diseases.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37417206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29336578",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25606643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28130374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8632926",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29528830",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37097770",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9078200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23420959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31711586",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37495293",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15751317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36755514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668184",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28784223",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10389331"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36755514",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1047,
"offsetInEndSection": 1107,
"text": "5%) were potentially suitable for intestinal transplantation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37417206",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 792,
"offsetInEndSection": 1055,
"text": "patient underwent sequential intestine-liver transplantation at 8 years of age due to end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and short bowel syndrome caused by massive bowel resection for internal hernia after partial external biliary diversion (PEBD) at 21 months of age"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37495293",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Intestinal transplantation and multivisceral transplantation are technically challenging and complex procedures mainly performed on patients with irreversible and non-medically manageable end-stage intestinal failure"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31711586",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1248,
"text": "Small intestinal transplantation is performed for patients with intestinal failure who failed other surgical and medical treatment. It carries notable risks, including, but not limited to, acute and chronic cellular rejection and graft malfunction. Late severe acute intestinal allograft rejection is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality and, in the majority of cases, ends with total enterectomy. It usually results from subtherapeutic immunosuppression or nonadherence to medical treatment. We present the case of a 20-year-old patient who underwent isolated small bowel transplant for total intestinal Hirschsprung disease at age 7. Due to medication nonadherence, she developed severe late-onset acute cellular rejection manifested by high, bloody ostomy output and weight loss. Ileoscopy showed complete loss of normal intestinal anatomic landmarks and ulcerated mucosa. Graft biopsies showed ulceration and granulation tissue with severe architectural distortion consistent with severe intestinal graft rejection. She initially received intravenous corticosteroids and increased tacrolimus dose without significant improvement. Her immunosuppression was escalated to include infliximab and finally antithymocyte globulin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37495293",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 599,
"text": "Intestinal transplantation and multivisceral transplantation are technically challenging and complex procedures mainly performed on patients with irreversible and non-medically manageable end-stage intestinal failure. Increasingly, other organs besides small intestines are included in the allograft for which the terms \"composite intestinal transplantation\" and \"multivisceral transplantation\" are used. Commonly, complex vascular reconstructions are used for these procedures. Knowledge of surgical anatomy hence is essential for accurate interpretation of postoperative imaging in these patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29528830",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 862,
"text": "Intestinal transplantation has evolved from its experimental origins in the mid-20th century to its status today as an established treatment option for patients with end-stage intestinal failure who cannot be sustained with total parenteral nutrition. The most common source of intestinal failure in both adults and children is short-bowel syndrome, but a host of other disease processes can lead to this common end-point. The development of intestinal transplantation has presented multiple hurdles for the transplant community, including technical challenges, immunologic pitfalls, and infectious complications. Despite these hurdles, the success rate has climbed over the past decades owing to achievements that include improved surgical techniques, new immunosuppressive regimens, and more effective strategies for posttransplant surveillance and management."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668184",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 350,
"text": "\"The intestinal transplantation is reserved for patients with life-threatening complications of permanent intestinal failure or underlying gastrointestinal disease. The choice of the allograft for a particular patient depends on several factors and the presence of concurrent organ failure, and availability of the donor organs, and specialized care."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28784223",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 566,
"text": "The diagnosis of irreversible intestinal failure confers significant morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life. Patients with irreversible intestinal failure may be treated with intestinal transplantation. Intestinal transplantation may include intestine only, liver-intestine, or other visceral elements. Intestinal transplantation candidates present with systemic manifestations of intestinal failure requiring multidisciplinary evaluation at an intestinal transplantation center. Central access may be difficult in intestinal transplantation candidates."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37097770",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 945,
"text": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The role of intestinal transplant has expanded in recent years and is no longer only considered for patients with no other options remaining. 5 year survival in high-volume centres is over 80% for certain graft types. The aim of this review is to update the audience on the current state of intestinal transplant, with a focus on recent medical and surgical advances.RECENT FINDINGS: There has been a greater understanding of the interplay and balance of host and graft immune responses, which may facilitate individualized immunosuppression. Some centres are now performing 'no-stoma' transplants, with preliminary data showing no adverse effects from this strategy and other surgical advances have lessened the physiological insult of the transplant operation. Earlier referrals are encouraged by transplant centres, such that vascular access or liver disease has not progressed too much to increase the technical and physio"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10389331",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 1735,
"text": "Intestinal transplantation is now possible and in some conditions, constitutes the logical treatment option. Since 1985, more than 300 small-bowel grafts have been performed, involving the isolated small bowel with or without the colon (45%), the liver + small bowel (40%) or several organs (15%). 2/3 of recipients were under 20 years of age, and indications were short-bowel syndrome (64%), severe intractable diarrhea (13%), abdominal cancer (13%), or chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome (8%). 51% of patients survived > 2 years after the graft. Patient and graft survival depends on the type of immunosuppression, i.e. Cyclosporine or FK 506. The results must be interpreted carefully as they represent the first experience in numerous centers using different immuno-suppressive protocols, without any randomization. The results from the largest of these centers more closely reflect the current situation and may exceed a 70% 2-year survival rate. Functional grafts lead to gastrointestinal autonomy (weaning of PN) while maintaining satisfactory nutritional status and normal growth in childhood. Intestinal transplantation is theoretically indicated for all patients permanently or persistently dependent on PN. However, as PN is generally well tolerated, even for long periods, each indication for transplantation must be carefully weighed up in terms of the iatrogenic risk and quality of life. When PN has reached its limits, especially those associated with vascular, infectious, hepatic or metabolic complications, intestinal transplantation must be undertaken."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8632926",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 139,
"offsetInEndSection": 1239,
"text": "al Center.PATIENTS: During the past 4 years, 16 intestinal transplants have been performed in infants and children. Thirteen have been combined liver and bowel transplants, and the reminder were isolated intestinal transplants. Nearly half of the patients were younger than 1 year of age at the time of surgery, and the vast majority were younger than 5 years of age. All but one had short bowel syndrome.RESULTS: The 1-year actuarial patient and graft survival rates for recipients of liver and small bowel transplants were 76% and 61%, respectively. Eight of 13 patients who received liver and small bowel transplants remain alive at the time of this writing, with a mean length of follow-up of 263 (range, 7 to 1223) days. Six patients are currently free of total parenteral nutrition. All three patients receiving isolated intestinal transplants are alive and free of parenteral nutrition. The mean length of follow-up is 384 (range, 330 to 450) days. Major complications have included severe infections and rejection. Lymphoproliferative disease, graft-versus-host disease, and chylous ascites h"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37495293",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "Intestinal transplantation and multivisceral transplantation are technically challenging and complex procedures mainly performed on patients with irreversible and non-medically manageable end-stage intestinal failure."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668184",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "\"The intestinal transplantation is reserved for patients with life-threatening complications of permanent intestinal failure or underlying gastrointestinal disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29336578",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "Intestinal transplantation represents a suitable treatment for patients with intestinal failure who then develop life-threatening complications of total parenteral nutrition and for some patients with complex abdominal disorders not suitable for conventional treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31711586",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "Small intestinal transplantation is performed for patients with intestinal failure who failed other surgical and medical treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29528830",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 251,
"text": "Intestinal transplantation has evolved from its experimental origins in the mid-20th century to its status today as an established treatment option for patients with end-stage intestinal failure who cannot be sustained with total parenteral nutrition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28130374",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 842,
"offsetInEndSection": 1004,
"text": "Current guidelines restrict intestinal transplantation to patients who have had significant complications from PN including liver failure and repeated infections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25606643",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "Intestinal transplantation is indicated for patients with intractable intestinal failure, especially when life-threatening complications of parenteral nutrition (PN) occur."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15751317",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1036,
"offsetInEndSection": 1332,
"text": "Although most of the long-term survivors are TPN-independent and have a good quality of life, the risk of the procedure and long-term adverse effects ofimmunosuppressive medication limits small bowel, or liver/small bowel transplantation only to patients with severe complications of TPN therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23420959",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 535,
"offsetInEndSection": 836,
"text": "Intestinal transplantation is now a mature therapy with formal indications, especially in case of failure of Home Parenteral Nutrition (mainly Home Parenteral Nutrition-associated severe liver disease), where combined Liver-intestine transplantation is indicated before end-stage liver failure occurs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9078200",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Intestinal transplantation is used in patients with short-bowel syndrome after repeated resections for Crohn's disease."
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
65f84c78c4010b4d78000049
| 570 |
yesno
|
Is Belimumab used for lupus nephritis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, Belimumab can be used for lupus nephritis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34560137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30184477",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22584472",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33186226",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32002799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34244988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25005336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514612",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34521616",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34469086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34600347"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34469086",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 807,
"offsetInEndSection": 1160,
"text": "In particular, depletion (Obinutuzumab, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) or neutralization (Belimumab, anti-\"B-cell activating factor\" monoclonal antibody) of B lymphocytes, and the use of a calcineurin inhibitor with a low profile of renal and systemic toxicity (Voclosporin) demonstrated an improvement in renal response in addition to standard therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34521616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 745,
"offsetInEndSection": 973,
"text": "In this viewpoint, we discuss the pros and cons of voclosporin and belimumab as add-on agents to standard therapy, the first drugs to be licenced for lupus nephritis after recent successful randomised phase III clinical trials. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34600347",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Durable renal response and safety with add-on belimumab in patients with lupus nephritis in real-life setting (BeRLiSS-LN)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34560137",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 201,
"text": "A secondary analysis of the Belimumab International Study in Lupus Nephritis trial examined effects of belimumab on kidney outcomes and preservation of kidney function in patients with lupus nephritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34560137",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1146,
"offsetInEndSection": 1340,
"text": "Thus, our data suggest that the addition of belimumab to standard therapy could attenuate the risk of lupus nephritis flare and eGFR decline in a broad spectrum of patients with lupus nephritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514612",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "Belimumab and low-doses of mycophenolate mofetil as induction therapy of class IV lupus nephritis: case series and literature review."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25005336",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 177,
"offsetInEndSection": 314,
"text": "JECTIVE: To describe a patient whose active SLE (including lupus nephritis) was managed with the use of belimumab throughout pregnancy.ME"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 175,
"text": "Recently introduced into the market, belimumab (Benlysta) is a monoclonal antibody that has potential clinically efficacious applications for the treatment of lupus nephritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 348,
"offsetInEndSection": 529,
"text": "With vast implications through a novel mechanism, belimumab offers a new standard of treatment for physicians in the complications associated with SLE, specifically lupus nephritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33186226",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 283,
"offsetInEndSection": 658,
"text": "CENT FINDINGS: Recently, the Belimumab in Subjects with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Lupus Nephritis trial tested belimumab, an inhibitor of B-cell activating factor, as an add-on therapy to steroids and either mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or cyclophosphamide when given IV monthly over a period of 104 weeks at an effect size of 11% for a Primary Efficacy Renal Response. T"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "Recently introduced into the market, belimumab (Benlysta) is a monoclonal antibody that has potential clinically efficacious applications for the treatment of lupus nephritis. L"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 355,
"offsetInEndSection": 537,
"text": "st implications through a novel mechanism, belimumab offers a new standard of treatment for physicians in the complications associated with SLE, specifically lupus nephritis. By targ"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969652",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "Efficacy of novel monoclonal antibody belimumab in the treatment of lupus nephritis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34244988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1570,
"offsetInEndSection": 1833,
"text": "ic agents, rituximab may be used for refractory lupus nephritis patients in combination with another DMARD, and belimumab was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for cSLE treatment in children aged > 5 years. New therapies targeting CD20, suc"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30184477",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 442,
"offsetInEndSection": 633,
"text": "s end, there is limited post-hoc randomized evidence to suggest beneficial effect of belimumab, administered on top of standard-of-care, during maintenance therapy in lupus nephritis. Type I "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22584472",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 807,
"offsetInEndSection": 902,
"text": "e of recently approved belimumab in lupus nephritis eagerly awaits further documentation. Aggre"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "Recently introduced into the market, belimumab (Benlysta) is a monoclonal antibody that has potential clinically efficacious applications for the treatment of lupus nephritis"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32002799",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "Belimumab may decrease flare rate and allow glucocorticoid withdrawal in lupus nephritis (including dialysis and transplanted patient)."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
61f7d2a5882a024a10000032
| 571 |
yesno
|
Pasteurization kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis from infected cattle.
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, pasteurization kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis from infected cattle', 'Yes, Mycobacterium bovis is eliminated by pasteurization.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10835092",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9039448",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7579326"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7579326",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1231,
"offsetInEndSection": 1434,
"text": "M. bovis infection was recognised as a major public health problem when this organism was transmitted to man via milk from infected cows. The introduction of pasteurization helped eliminate this problem."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9039448",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1038,
"offsetInEndSection": 1330,
"text": "cut-off in the animal to human chain of infection at two points; the animal source and the ingestion of (now pasteurized) milk. This would suggest that disease in humans is now due to reactivation of previous foci of infection which were acquired when milk pasteurization was not compulsory. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10835092",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1181,
"offsetInEndSection": 1570,
"text": "M bovis patients were also even more likely to be Hispanic (90.2%), to present with extrapulmonary disease (95.1%), and to be older than 12 months (96.8%).CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the dramatic impact of this underappreciated cause of zoonotic TB on US children at the Mexican border and underscore the need for cross-collaboration to enforce existing Mexican pasteurization laws."
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
660c02e1fdcbea915f00002c
| 572 |
yesno
|
Is Titin the largest single protein molecule found in Nature?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Titin, is definitely the largest protein in the body, with a molecular weight of 3 million Dalton and composed of 27,000 amino acids. Titin is the largest protein known to date and acts as a mechanosensor that regulates muscle protein expression in a sarcomere strain-dependent fashion.', 'Titin is the largest protein known to date and acts as a mechanosensor that regulates muscle protein expression in a sarcomere strain-dependent fashion.Titin, the largest protein identified to date (over 1 micron long, almost 3 million daltons in mass) is the third most abundant component of the sarcomere.', 'Titin is the largest protein known, and is essential for organising muscle sarcomeres.The giant sarcomere protein titin/connectin is the largest protein known to date.', 'Titin is the largest protein known, and is essential for organising muscle sarcomeres.The giant sarcomere protein titin/connectin is the largest protein known to date.', 'Yes. Titin, the largest protein in the human body, is well known as a molecular spring in muscle cells and scaffold protein aiding myofibrillar assembly. Titin is recently known as the largest protein which exists in the striated muscle sarcomere and is dynamic both in biomechanics properties and biochemical functions.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257761",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075826",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19134271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702235",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16453158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14600266",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12187564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1859393",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2129545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1582406"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257761",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "Titin, the largest protein in the human body, is well known as a molecular spring in muscle cells and scaffold protein aiding myofibrillar assembly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962382",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Titin is the largest protein in mammals; it forms an elastic filament along the myofibril of cardiac and skeletal muscles."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19134271",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": "Titin is recently known as the largest protein which exists in the striated muscle sarcomere and is dynamic both in biomechanics properties and biochemical functions. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702235",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Titin, the largest protein known to date, has been linked to sarcomere assembly and function through its elastic adaptor and signaling domains."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16453158",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 657,
"offsetInEndSection": 738,
"text": "The giant sarcomere protein titin/connectin is the largest protein known to date."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075826",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 925,
"offsetInEndSection": 1077,
"text": "Titin is the largest protein known to date and acts as a mechanosensor that regulates muscle protein expression in a sarcomere strain-dependent fashion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14600266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Titin is the largest protein known, and is essential for organising muscle sarcomeres."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14600266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 87,
"offsetInEndSection": 205,
"text": "It has many domains with a variety of functions, and stretches from the Z-line to the M-line in the muscle sarcomere. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12187564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "Titin, is definitely the largest protein in the body, with a molecular weight of 3 million Dalton and composed of 27,000 amino acids."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1859393",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Titin, the largest protein identified to date (over 1 micron long, almost 3 million daltons in mass) is the third most abundant component of the sarcomere."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2129545",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Titin is the largest polypeptide yet described (relative molecular mass approximately 3 x 10(6); refs 1, 2) and an abundant protein of striated muscle."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257761",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "Titin, the largest protein in the human body, is well known as a molecular spring in muscle cells and scaffold protein aiding myofibrillar assembly."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962382",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Titin is the largest protein in mammals; it forms an elastic filament along the myofibril of cardiac and skeletal muscles."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14600266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Titin is the largest protein known, and is essential for organising muscle sarcomeres."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1582406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "Titin is at present the largest known protein (M(r) 3000 kDa) and its expression is restricted to vertebrate striated muscle."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14600266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Titin is the largest protein known, and is essential for organising muscle sarcomeres"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1582406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "Titin is at present the largest known protein (M(r) 3000 kDa) and its expression is restricted to vertebrate striated muscle"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1582406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "Titin is at present the largest known protein (M(r) 3000 kDa) and its expression is restricted to vertebrate striated muscle"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2129545",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Titin is the largest polypeptide yet described (relative molecular mass approximately 3 x 10(6); refs 1, 2) and an abundant protein of striated muscle"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1582406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "Titin is at present the largest known protein (M(r) 3000 kDa) and its expression is restricted to vertebrate striated muscle"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19134271",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Titin is recently known as the largest protein which exists in the striated muscle sarcomere and is dynamic both in biomechanics properties and biochemical functions"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2129545",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Titin is the largest polypeptide yet described (relative molecular mass approximately 3 x 10(6); refs 1, 2) and an abundant protein of striated muscle"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1582406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "Titin is at present the largest known protein (M(r) 3000 kDa) and its expression is restricted to vertebrate striated muscle"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19134271",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Titin is recently known as the largest protein which exists in the striated muscle sarcomere and is dynamic both in biomechanics properties and biochemical functions"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2129545",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Titin is the largest polypeptide yet described (relative molecular mass approximately 3 x 10(6); refs 1, 2) and an abundant protein of striated muscle"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14572168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 157,
"text": "Titin, the biggest single (poly) peptide found in humans, and throughout nature so far, was long considered as a good candidate for inherited muscle diseases"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14600266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Titin is the largest protein known, and is essential for organising muscle sarcomeres"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1582406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "Titin is at present the largest known protein (M(r) 3000 kDa) and its expression is restricted to vertebrate striated muscle"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TITIN_DROME",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TITIN_MOUSE",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019368"
] |
[] |
55030a6ce9bde6963400000f
| 573 |
yesno
|
Are there Conserved Noncoding Elements (CNEs) in invertebrate genomes?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Conserved Noncoding Elements (CNEs) have also been found in invertebrate genomes.', 'Yes.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24282393",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18402933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17274809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19492354",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23357263"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24282393",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 451,
"offsetInEndSection": 708,
"text": "Here, we use genome-wide comparisons between C. intestinalis and C. savignyi to identify putative urochordate cis-regulatory sequences. Ciona conserved non-coding elements (ciCNEs) are associated with largely the same key regulatory genes as vertebrate CNEs"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18402933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "We have identified Conserved Non-coding Elements (CNEs) in the regulatory region of Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17274809",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 462,
"offsetInEndSection": 781,
"text": "Here we report that nematode genomes contain an alternative set of CNEs that share sequence characteristics, but not identity, with their vertebrate counterparts. CNEs thus represent a very unusual class of sequences that are extremely conserved within specific animal lineages yet are highly divergent between lineages"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17274809",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1153,
"offsetInEndSection": 1280,
"text": "A core set of genes that regulate development is associated with CNEs across three animal groups (worms, flies and vertebrates)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19492354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "The genomes of vertebrates, flies, and nematodes contain highly conserved noncoding elements (CNEs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19492354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "The genomes of vertebrates, flies, and nematodes contain highly conserved noncoding elements (CNEs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19492354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "The genomes of vertebrates, flies, and nematodes contain highly conserved noncoding elements (CNEs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19492354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "The genomes of vertebrates, flies, and nematodes contain highly conserved noncoding elements (CNEs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19492354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "The genomes of vertebrates, flies, and nematodes contain highly conserved noncoding elements (CNEs)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19492354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "The genomes of vertebrates, flies, and nematodes contain highly conserved noncoding elements (CNEs)"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
553a6a9fbc4f83e82800001c
| 574 |
yesno
|
Is there a genome-wide technique for the detection of R-loop formation?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Genome-wide analysis of fragile sites by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and microarray (ChIP-chip) of phosphorylated H2A in these mutants supported a transcription-dependent mechanism of DNA damage characteristic of R loops\nA bisulfite-sensitivity assay may demonstrate genome-wide increase in the occurrence of RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops).', 'Genome-wide analysis of fragile sites by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and microarray (ChIP-chip) of phosphorylated H2A in these mutants supported a transcription-dependent mechanism of DNA damage characteristic of R loops. Here we show that recombination factors are required for the survival of yeast FACT mutants, consistent with an accumulation of DNA breaks that we detected by Rad52 foci and transcription-dependent hyperrecombination. The latter pathway operates on nascent transcripts that are not simultaneously translated and requires factors Rho, NusG, and NusA, each of which is essential for viability of WT Escherichia coli. DNA replication in Escherichia coli is normally initiated at a single origin, oriC, dependent on initiation protein DnaA.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25699710",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24164596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24636987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22279048",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868195"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22279048",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 448,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": "Genome-wide analysis of fragile sites by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and microarray (ChIP-chip) of phosphorylated H2A in these mutants supported a transcription-dependent mechanism of DNA damage characteristic of R loops"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251031",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 469,
"offsetInEndSection": 717,
"text": "We have used a bisulfite-sensitivity assay to demonstrate genome-wide increase in the occurrence of RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops), including from antisense and read-through transcripts, in a nusG missense mutant defective for Rho-dependent termination."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24636987",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1058,
"offsetInEndSection": 1236,
"text": "The results demonstrate a key function of FACT in the resolution of R-loop-mediated transcription-replication conflicts, likely associated with a specific chromatin organization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868195",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 155,
"offsetInEndSection": 300,
"text": "Previous work revealed that GC skew and R-loop formation associate with a core set of unmethylated CpG island (CGI) promoters in the human genome"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
56c332a350c68dd41600000d
| 575 |
yesno
|
Is short-course radiation therapy a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
["Short-course radiation therapy (SCRT-TNT), followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is a cost-effective neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. It has lower costs and higher Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) compared to conventional long-course chemoradiation (LCCRT). SCRT-TNT's shorter radiation course lowers expenses while improving patient outcomes, making it a cost-effective approach in this context.", 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is a cost-effective neoadjuvant treatment option for locally advanced rectal cancer compared to long-course chemoradiation therapy (LCCRT). Several studies suggest that SCRT followed by chemotherapy or total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery offers comparable disease control outcomes to LCCRT while providing additional benefits such as:\n\n1. Lower overall treatment costs\n2. Fewer hospital visits and increased patient convenience \n3. Ability to add full-dose systemic chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting\n4. Potential for organ preservation in complete responders\n5. Lower acute toxicity\n\nThe cost-effectiveness of SCRT is attributed to shorter treatment duration, improved quality of life, and reduced hospital resource utilization. However, longer follow-up data may be needed to further increase adoption of SCRT by radiation oncologists.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) appears to be a cost-effective neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer compared to conventional long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy. The study found that SCRT-TNT incurred lower costs and improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared to the conventional LCCRT approach.', 'Based on the provided abstracts, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) appears to be a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. A cost-effectiveness analysis found that SCRT was the cost-effective strategy compared with long-course chemoradiotherapy, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $133,495 per quality-adjusted life-year. Another study conducted in Peru reported that SCRT-TNT regimens reduced costs by at least 50% compared to conventional chemoradiotherapy. Additionally, a phase 1 study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant short-course RT concurrent with infusional 5-fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer. Overall, these findings suggest that SCRT is a cost-effective and safe approach for the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) and transanal tumor debulking with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (TNT) is a cost-effective neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. This approach has been shown to result in lower costs and improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared to long-course chemoradiation therapy (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy. The use of SCRT allows for a shorter treatment duration, which can lead to reduced hospital stays and lower overall healthcare costs. Additionally, the combination of TNT with SCRT has been shown to improve tumor response rates and reduce toxicity compared to LCCRT, further contributing to improved patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, SCRT-TNT followed by TME is a promising cost-effective therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.', "Based on the abstract, yes, short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) as part of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. The study's cost-effectiveness analysis found that SCRT-TNT followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) resulted in lower costs ($41,355 vs $54,827) and improved quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (2.21 vs 2.12) compared to conventional long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was negative, indicating that SCRT-TNT is a dominant strategy, meaning it is both less costly and more effective than LCCRT. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings, suggesting that SCRT-TNT is a cost-saving treatment paradigm for locally advanced rectal cancer.", 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. This is because short-course radiation therapy followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) incurs lower cost and improves quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with conventional long-course chemoradiation therapy followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT-TNT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. It incurs lower cost and improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with conventional long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT-TNT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer compared with conventional long-course chemoradiation therapy (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. According to various studies, SCRT has been shown to be more cost-effective compared to long-course chemoradiotherapy (LC-CRT). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of LC-CRT versus SCRT was $61,123 per quality-adjusted life-year, indicating that SCRT is the cost-effective approach for patients with distal tumors. Additionally, SCRT reduces costs by at least 50% compared to LC-CRT, making it a more affordable option for patients and healthcare systems. The lower cost of SCRT is attributed to the reduced number of fractions, which makes it less expensive and more convenient than chemoradiation therapy.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT-TNT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. According to a study, this approach results in lower costs and improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with conventional long-course chemoradiation therapy (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, SCRT-TNT can be considered a cost-effective option for the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.', 'Short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced distal rectal cancer, as shown in an analysis comparing it with long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT). The study found that SCRT was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $133,495 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), while LCCRT had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $61,123 per QALY, assuming a greater proportion of patients with locally advanced distal tumors undergoing LCCRT would proceed to a more extensive surgery. SCRT with early surgery offers similar oncologic efficacy for locally advanced rectal cancer patients as compared to long-course chemoradiation with delayed surgery. Moreover, delaying surgery after SCRT decreases post-operative complications and improves tumor downstaging, offering the opportunity to administer neoadjuvant systemic therapy. A study comparing the cost-effectiveness of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), which involves complete chemotherapy and chemoradiation before surgery, with the current standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer found that TNT had a cost-effectiveness of 40,708 $/life-year, compared to 44,248 $/life-year for conventional therapy. Sensitivity analysis showed that TNT would remain the dominant strategy if the completion rate for total neoadjuvant therapy is 90% or higher, and the adjuvant chemotherapy completion rate is less than 93%.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy was found to be cost-effective compared to long-course chemoradiation in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Studies have shown that SCRT followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) and adjuvant chemotherapy is less expensive and improves quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared to conventional long-course chemoradiation (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy. Additionally, SCRT is associated with higher compliance rates, flexibility in timing, and the ability to add neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy. SCRT is also equivalent to long-course radiation therapy in terms of tumor response and quality of life, and may provide additional benefits such as allowing for a transition to full dose systemic therapy in the neoadjuvant setting, selective organ preservation in complete responders, and providing a more convenient and cost-effective way of delivering pelvic radiation therapy.', 'Short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) as part of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) has been found to be both more cost-effective and beneficial in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) compared to conventional long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT), making it a dominant strategy for neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.', 'Short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is a cost-effective and safe neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, as demonstrated by multiple studies showing reduced costs compared to conventional chemoradiotherapy and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $133,495 per quality-adjusted life-year.', 'Short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) - Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) followed by Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) incurs lowest cost and improved QALYs compared with conventional long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant therapy.', 'Short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) combined with total mesorectal excision (TME), transanal tumor debulking, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (TNT) is a cost-effective neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. It results in lower costs and better quality-adjusted life years compared to long-course chemoradiation therapy (LCCRT). SCRT allows shorter treatment duration, leading to reduced hospital stays and overall healthcare costs. The combination of TNT with SCRT improves tumor response rates and reduces toxicity, further contributing to improved patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT-TNT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) incurs lower cost and improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with conventional long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, it is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is a cost-effective option in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted by Ngan et al. (2004) found that SCRT plus chemotherapy was as effective as conventional long-course chemoradiation (LCCRT) in terms of local control and toxicity, with a more favorable cost-effectiveness profile. A systematic review by Colorectal Cancer Collaborative Group (CCCG) in 2017 also concluded that SCRT followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is a valid treatment approach for patients with clinical stage II or III rectal cancer, offering potential benefits in terms of cost and convenience without compromising oncological outcomes. However, the choice between SCRT and LCCRT should be individualized, considering patient preferences, tumor characteristics, and local treatment policies.', 'Short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is a cost-effective and safe strategy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, according to various studies. SCRT was found to be more cost-effective than long-course chemoradiotherapy with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $133,495 per quality-adjusted life-year. Furthermore, the Peruvian study showed a 50% reduction in costs when using SCRT-TNT regimens compared to conventional chemoradiotherapy. The phase 1 study demonstrated safety and feasibility for neoadjuvant short-course RT with infusional 5-fluorouracil in locally advanced rectal cancer patients.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy (SCRT-TNT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, as it incurs lower cost and improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with conventional long-course radiation therapy (LCCRT) followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy is considered a cost-effective therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Studies have shown that it incurs lower costs and improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared to conventional long-course chemoradiation followed by total mesorectal excision and adjuvant chemotherapy. Additionally, short-course radiation therapy has been found to be equivalent to long-course radiation therapy in terms of disease control outcomes, with the added benefits of increased patient convenience, lower acute toxicity, and improved cost-effectiveness. However, it is important to note that not all patients may be suitable for short-course radiation therapy, and individual patient factors should be taken into consideration when determining the most appropriate treatment approach.', 'Yes, short-course radiation therapy followed by total mesorectal excision (SCRT-TNT followed by TME) is more cost-effective compared to conventional long-course chemoradiotherapy followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. SCRT-TNT followed by TME results in lower costs and improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30964794",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24021342",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36072238",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37226566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34925591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31234886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35462008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30977859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34955376"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2105,
"offsetInEndSection": 2242,
"text": "SCRT-TNT followed by TME incurs lower cost and improved QALYs compared with conventional LCCRT followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30977859",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1217,
"offsetInEndSection": 2130,
"text": "inoperineal resection (APR) were simultaneously varied. The analysis was repeated for patients with distal rectal tumors. Analysis was conducted from January to October 2018.Exposures: Short-course radiotherapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy.Main Outcomes and Measures: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.Results: Short-course radiotherapy was the cost-effective strategy compared with long-course chemoradiotherapy (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, $133 495 per quality-adjusted life-year). Two-way sensitivity analysis revealed that the cost-effective approach for a given patient depended on the utilities for the NED-LAR and NED-APR states. Assuming that a greater proportion of patients with locally advanced distal tumors undergoing long-course chemoradiotherapy (39%) would proceed to LAR compared with those treated with short-course radiotherapy (19%), long-course chemoradiotherapy was the co"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 2115,
"text": "Importance: Short-course radiotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy (SCRT-TNT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) has emerged as a new treatment paradigm for patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. However, the economic implication of this treatment strategy has not been compared with that of conventional long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) followed by TME with adjuvant chemotherapy.Objective: To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of SCRT-TNT vs LCCRT in conjunction with TME for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.Design, Setting, and Participants: A decision analytical model with a 5-year time horizon was constructed for patients with biopsy-proven, newly diagnosed, primary locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma treated with SCRT-TNT or LCCRT. Markov modeling was used to model disease progression and patient survival after treatment in 3-month cycles. Data on probabilities and utilities were extracted from the literature. Costs were evaluated from the Medicare payer's perspective in 2020 US dollars. Sensitivity analyses were performed for key variables. Data were collected from October 3, 2020, to January 20, 2021, and analyzed from November 15, 2020, to April 25, 2021.Exposures: Two treatment strategies, SCRT-TNT vs LCCRT with adjuvant chemotherapy, were compared.Main Outcomes and Measures: Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and net monetary benefits. Effectiveness was defined as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Both costs and QALYs were discounted at 3% annually. Willingness-to-pay threshold was set at $50 000/QALY.Results: During the 5-year horizon, the total cost was $41 355 and QALYs were 2.21 for SCRT-TNT; for LCCRT, the total cost was $54 827 and QALYs were 2.12, resulting in a negative incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (-$141 256.77). The net monetary benefit was $69 300 for SCRT-TNT and $51 060 for LCCRT. Sensitivity analyses using willingness to pay at $100 000/QALY and $150 000/QALY demonstrated the same conclusion.Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that SCRT-TNT f"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37226566",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1507,
"text": "PURPOSE: Long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCRT) has been widely recommended in a majority of rectal cancer patients. Recently, encouraging data on short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) for rectal cancer has emerged. In this study, we aimed to compare these two methods in terms of short-term outcomes and cost analysis under the Korean medical insurance system.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two patients with high-risk rectal cancer, who underwent either SCRT or LCRT followed by total mesorectal excision (TME), were classified into two groups. Twenty-seven patients received 5 Gy×5 with two cycles of XELOX (capecitabine 1000 mg/m² and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m² every 3 weeks) followed by TME (SCRT group). Thirty-five patients received capecitabine-based LCRT followed by TME (LCRT group). Short-term outcomes and cost estimation were assessed between the two groups.RESULTS: Pathological complete response was achieved in 18.5% and 5.7% of patients in the SCRT and LCRT groups, respectively (p=0.223). The 2-year recurrence-free survival rate did not show significant difference between the two groups (SCRT vs. LCRT: 91.9% vs. 76.2%, p=0.394). The average total cost per patient for SCRT was 18% lower for inpatient treatment (SCRT vs. LCRT: $18787 vs. $22203, p<0.001) and 40% lower for outpatient treatment (SCRT vs. LCRT: $11955 vs. $19641, p<0.001) compared to LCRT. SCRT was shown to be the dominant treatment option with fewer recurrences and fewer complications at a lower cost.CONCLUSION: SCRT was well-tol"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34925591",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 882,
"text": "Neoadjuvant treatment has become the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer for many years. Several neoadjuvant therapeutic options are currently used, the most common being conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (or long-course radiotherapy) administered concomitantly with chemotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy (or short-course radiotherapy). This meta-analysis will give a better overview of the results of several studies that compare long-course radio-chemotherapy with short-course radiotherapy, emphasizing on the severe acute and late toxicities and the postoperative results of the analyzed studies. After identification, analysis and verification of eligibility criteria, eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed using the classic Oxford quality grading system (Jadad scale)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30964794",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 2032,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Definitive surgery with total mesorectal excision is the mainstay of treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Multimodality therapy improves long-term survival. Current standards advise neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Nationally, compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy is only 32%. New research evaluates the effectiveness of total neoadjuvant therapy: complete chemotherapy and chemoradiation before surgery.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the favored treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer by comparing the cost-effectiveness of total neoadjuvant therapy and the current standard of care.DESIGN: Decision analytical modeling using long-term costs and 5-year disease-free survival was performed to determine the cost-effectiveness after total neoadjuvant therapy and the current standard of care. Sensitivity analysis was used to investigate the effect of uncertainty in model parameters.SETTINGS: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services billing data perspective was adopted and outcomes modeled according to local and national databases and literature consensus.PATIENTS: Adult patients with stage II or III rectal cancer were selected.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost-effectiveness in disease-free life-years, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and net monetary benefit were determined over a 5-year posttreatment period. The favored strategy was determined based on cost-effectiveness and sensitivity analyses.RESULTS: Cost-effectiveness for total neoadjuvant therapy was 40,708 $/life-year, and, for conventional therapy, cost-effectiveness was 44,248 $/life-year. Sensitivity analysis showed that, for an estimated total neoadjuvant therapy completion rate of 90%, total neoadjuvant therapy would remain the dominant strategy for any adjuvant chemotherapy completion rate of less than 93%.LIMITATIONS: The samples used to calculate completion rates are small, and survival probabilities are based on existing literature, local database va"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34955376",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 857,
"text": "Total mesorectal excision is the cornerstone of treatment for rectal cancer. Multiple randomised trials have shown a reduction in local recurrence rates with the addition of preoperative radiotherapy, either as a 1-week hypofractionated short-course (SCRT) or a conventionally fractionated long-course (LCRT) schedule with concurrent chemotherapy. There is also increasing interest in the addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to radiotherapy with the aim of improving disease-free survival. The relative use of SCRT and LCRT varies considerably across the world. This is reflected in, and is probably driven in part by, disparity between international guideline recommendations. In addition, different approaches to treatment may exist both between and within countries, with variation related to patient, disease and treatment centre and financial factors."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1936,
"offsetInEndSection": 2242,
"text": "Sensitivity analyses using willingness to pay at $100 000/QALY and $150 000/QALY demonstrated the same conclusion.Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that SCRT-TNT followed by TME incurs lower cost and improved QALYs compared with conventional LCCRT followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1863,
"offsetInEndSection": 1935,
"text": "The net monetary benefit was $69 300 for SCRT-TNT and $51 060 for LCCRT."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1577,
"offsetInEndSection": 1862,
"text": "Willingness-to-pay threshold was set at $50 000/QALY.Results: During the 5-year horizon, the total cost was $41 355 and QALYs were 2.21 for SCRT-TNT; for LCCRT, the total cost was $54 827 and QALYs were 2.12, resulting in a negative incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (-$141 256.77)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30977859",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1873,
"offsetInEndSection": 2409,
"text": "Assuming that a greater proportion of patients with locally advanced distal tumors undergoing long-course chemoradiotherapy (39%) would proceed to LAR compared with those treated with short-course radiotherapy (19%), long-course chemoradiotherapy was the cost-effective approach (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, $61 123 per quality-adjusted life-year).Conclusions and Relevance: Short-course radiotherapy was the cost-effective strategy compared with long-course chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36072238",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 899,
"text": "Background and Objectives: Conventional long-course radiotherapy (LCRT) and a new paradigm of short-course radiotherapy with total neoadjuvant therapy (SCRT-TNT) are used in locally advanced rectal cancer (RC). There are few economic assessment reports available on TNT that focus on cost analysis in a country with limited funding for healthcare systems. The objective of this study was to perform a cost analysis comparing SCRT-TNT versus LCRT.Materials and Methods: In 2020-2021, a prospective registry was created to document RC patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and the costs of cancer treatments, transportation and the time patients and family members spent in the hospital. This registry outlined the direct and indirect costs of LCRT versus SCRT-TNT.Results: LCRT and SCRT-TNT regimens have direct costs that range from S/.5,993.30 to S/.27,928.36 and from S/.3,409.81 to S/.18,159."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1950,
"offsetInEndSection": 2115,
"text": "alyses using willingness to pay at $100 000/QALY and $150 000/QALY demonstrated the same conclusion.Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that SCRT-TNT f"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683174",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 688,
"offsetInEndSection": 935,
"text": "SCPRT is highly cost-effective with high compliance rates, hence is gaining traction in Europe and East Asia, partly because of inherent flexibility in timing and the ability to add neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy as there is a delay to surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31234886",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1825,
"offsetInEndSection": 2022,
"text": " SCRT compared with LCCRT below the WTP.CONCLUSION: Compared with LCCRT, SCRT plus chemotherapy is a more cost-effective strategy for locally advanced resectable RC in the DFS state as well as in t"
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
662fbfc4187cba990d000010
| 576 |
yesno
|
Is acupotomy used to treat muscle stiffness?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['Yes. Acupotomy has been widely used to treat nerve entrapment syndrome. URL_0', 'Acupotomy has been used to treat frozen shoulder, cervical spondylosis, third lumbar vertebrae transverse process syndrome, trigger finger, knee osteoarthritis, and lumbar spinal stenosis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29620626",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31852126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32190087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30681588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31399459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31383431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32280270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29890806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31277532",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26345906"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31383431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 572,
"offsetInEndSection": 925,
"text": "All the included studies reviewed musculoskeletal disorders and reported a significantly higher total effective and cure rates in the acupotomy group for frozen shoulder, cervical spondylosis, third lumbar vertebrae transverse process syndrome, trigger finger, knee osteoarthritis, and lumbar spinal stenosis, compared to the other active control groups"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31383431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 938,
"offsetInEndSection": 1121,
"text": "Acupotomy showed promising results for some musculoskeletal disorders; however, additional high-quality evidence is required to make clinical recommendations regarding this procedure."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31852126",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "Acupotomy has been widely used to treat nerve entrapment syndrome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506848",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupotomy in treatment of knee osteoarthritis "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506848",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 66,
"text": "Effect and safety of acupotomy in treatment of knee osteoarthritis"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178308",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "Acupotomy Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178308",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 156,
"offsetInEndSection": 286,
"text": "We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used acupotomy therapy as the major intervention in adults with knee OA,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32280270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 209,
"text": "Acupotomy, which involves the addition of a scalpel function to the conventional acupuncture treatment, has recently been applied as a conservative treatment method for lumbar disc herniation (LDH)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 788,
"offsetInEndSection": 1007,
"text": "LTS: The systematic review will provide high-quality evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of acupotomy for KOA by pain, stiffness, and dysfunction of knee joint, and quality of life, as well as adverse events.CONC"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 153,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "Acupotomy has been widely used to treat KOA."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014527",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 143,
"offsetInEndSection": 337,
"text": "Acupotomy, a biomechanical therapy guided by traditional Chinese medicine theory, alleviates cartilage degradation and is widely used in the clinic to treat KOA by correcting abnormal mechanics."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31852126",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Acupotomy has been widely used to treat nerve entrapment syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29620626",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 212,
"offsetInEndSection": 266,
"text": "Acupotomy has been widely used to treat calcaneodynia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29620626",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 342,
"offsetInEndSection": 461,
"text": "The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the acupotomy treatment in patients with calcaneodynia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30681588",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1289,
"offsetInEndSection": 1682,
"text": "otomy combined with rehabilitation was associated with significantly higher TER (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.52, I = 77%) and gross motor function measure score (MD 12.62, 95% CI 11.75-13.49, I = 54%), and significantly lower muscle tone of gastrocnemius measured by the Ashworth scale or the modified Ashworth scale (MD -0.97, 95% CI -1.07 to -0.88, I = 0%) compared with rehabilitation alone. No "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31399459",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 159,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "Both acupotomy and acupuncture have been widely used clinically to treat CSR in China with satisfied efficacy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010179",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 253,
"offsetInEndSection": 392,
"text": "GN AND METHODS: Total 75 patients were participated in acupotomy therapy and ultrasonic drug penetration to treat joint osteoarthritis. The"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32190087",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "Acupotomy Alleviates Energy Crisis at Rat Myofascial Trigger Points"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26345906",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 567,
"offsetInEndSection": 736,
"text": "its in the acupotomy and EA groups underwent bilateral acupotomylysis intervention; those in the acupotomy-EA group underwent acupotomylysis and EA interventions. On the"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 788,
"offsetInEndSection": 1006,
"text": "LTS: The systematic review will provide high-quality evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of acupotomy for KOA by pain, stiffness, and dysfunction of knee joint, and quality of life, as well as adverse events.CON"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Acupotomy for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review protocol."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 272,
"offsetInEndSection": 385,
"text": " The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupotomy for the treatment of patients with KOA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1009,
"offsetInEndSection": 1141,
"text": "SION: The systematic review will provide evidence to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupotomy therapy for KOA patients.PROSP"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 795,
"offsetInEndSection": 1006,
"text": "e systematic review will provide high-quality evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of acupotomy for KOA by pain, stiffness, and dysfunction of knee joint, and quality of life, as well as adverse events.CON"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 273,
"offsetInEndSection": 387,
"text": "The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupotomy for the treatment of patients with KOA.M"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1018,
"offsetInEndSection": 1140,
"text": " systematic review will provide evidence to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupotomy therapy for KOA patients.PROS"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31277532",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "To observe the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive acupotomy-injection technique with targeted three-point in the treatment of frozen shoulder.M"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29890806",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "[Percutaneous dynamic release in stress position by acupotomy in treating severe scapulohumeral periarthritis]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29890806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupotomy stress position percutaneous dynamic release for severe shoulder periarthritis.M"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30681588",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 105,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "l sequelae. Acupotomy, a modernized acupuncture form combining the effects of microsurgery and conventional acupuncture, may show specific benefits in the treatment of CP, especially with respect to"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32280270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "Background: Acupotomy, which involves the addition of a scalpel function to the conventional acupuncture treatment, has recently been applied as a conservative treatment method for lumbar disc herni"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31383431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 516,
"offsetInEndSection": 1053,
"text": "he methodological quality was medium-to-high in AMSTAR. All the included studies reviewed musculoskeletal disorders and reported a significantly higher total effective and cure rates in the acupotomy group for frozen shoulder, cervical spondylosis, third lumbar vertebrae transverse process syndrome, trigger finger, knee osteoarthritis, and lumbar spinal stenosis, compared to the other active control groups.CONCLUSION: Acupotomy showed promising results for some musculoskeletal disorders; however, additional high-quality evidence is"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
601d73c71cb411341a00003e
| 577 |
yesno
|
Is there a vaccine for rotavirus?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['yes, rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (RotaTeq(r)) as a sole vaccine', 'Effectiveness of rotavirus pentavalent vaccine rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (RotaTeq(r)) as a sole vaccine', 'safety and immunogenicity of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5 )', 'Yes, there is a vaccine against rotavirus infection that is approved for Europe, Canada and Australia.', 'Yes, there is a human neonatal rotavirus vaccine against serogroup B Rotavirus.', 'Effectiveness of rotavirus pentavalent vaccine', 'Yes, there is a 4-component vaccine against capsular rotavirus vaccine.', 'Yes, there is a pentavalent vaccine for Rotavirus', 'Yes, there is a human neonatal rotavirus vaccine.', 'High effectiveness of RotaTeq as the sole rotavirus vaccine in a universal immunization programme was demonstrated in a high-income country.', ' rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (RotaTeq(r)) as a sole vaccine']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22423021",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2851185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7707626",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22796685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16397431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8920706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24422678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28442435",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27443593",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15502699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22702319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26263200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9015114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22431803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19931717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504245",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8752295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11389295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27522178",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25680314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20661105",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30046133",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28340179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29102168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9949951",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31023829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28369477"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28340179",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 38,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Safety and Immunogenicity of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine (RV5)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28340179",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "This study compares the safety and immunogenicity of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28442435",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 46,
"text": "Effectiveness of rotavirus pentavalent vaccine"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28442435",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 22,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": " rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (RotaTeq®) as a sole vaccine"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31023829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 285,
"offsetInEndSection": 375,
"text": "We describe rotavirus vaccine coverage and missed opportunities for rotavirus vaccination."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31023829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1877,
"offsetInEndSection": 2048,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS\n\nAddressing missed opportunities for rotavirus vaccination is essential to achieving the 80% rotavirus vaccine coverage target outlined by Healthy People 2020."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31023829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1734,
"offsetInEndSection": 1875,
"text": "Complete rotavirus vaccine coverage could be improved to 81% if all missed opportunities within the ACIP-recommended schedule were addressed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27522178",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1045,
"offsetInEndSection": 1194,
"text": "RESULTS\n\nThe national coverage for rotavirus vaccine achieved a year after the introduction was 89% for one dose and 82% for two doses, respectively."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27522178",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1747,
"offsetInEndSection": 1989,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS\n\nNorway achieved a high national coverage and excellent adherence with the strict age limits for rotavirus vaccine administration during the first year of introduction, indicating robustness of the national immunisation programme."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26263200",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1563,
"offsetInEndSection": 1679,
"text": "Upper age limit recommendations for rotavirus vaccine administration contributed to suboptimal vaccination coverage."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26263200",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "Catching-up with pentavalent vaccine: Exploring reasons behind lower rotavirus vaccine coverage in El Salvador."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7707626",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 95,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "US Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31023829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 284,
"offsetInEndSection": 374,
"text": "We describe rotavirus vaccine coverage and missed opportunities for rotavirus vaccination."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25680314",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 39,
"text": "Rotavirus vaccines: a story of success."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2851185",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 57,
"text": "Clinical and immunological studies of rotavirus vaccines."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29102168",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Impact of rotavirus vaccine on rotavirus diarrhoea in countries of East and Southern Africa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8920706",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1079,
"offsetInEndSection": 1133,
"text": "Rotavirus diarrheal episodes were identified by ELISA."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29102168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2032,
"offsetInEndSection": 2170,
"text": "The decrease in rotavirus positivity was inversely related to increase in rotavirus vaccine coverage showing impact of rotavirus vaccines."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29102168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1050,
"offsetInEndSection": 1169,
"text": "We described trends in rotavirus positivity among tested stool samples before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2851185",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "The RIT 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine has served as a useful model for rotavirus vaccination, but the vaccine will not be further developed or tested."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8920706",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2156,
"offsetInEndSection": 2272,
"text": "Only the RRV vaccine induced a low level of protection against rotavirus diarrhea mainly of serotype G1 specificity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119590",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2543,
"offsetInEndSection": 2719,
"text": "It is recommended that new rotavirus vaccine candidates be developed at cheaper price to speed up the introduction of rotavirus immunization in the developing world in general."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8752295",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 46,
"text": "Review of rotavirus vaccine trials in Finland."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24422678",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 63,
"text": "Risk of intussusception after monovalent rotavirus vaccination."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31023829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 213,
"offsetInEndSection": 283,
"text": "Rotavirus vaccines are underused compared with other routine vaccines."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22796685",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 261,
"text": "With rotavirus vaccines now available globally , it will be useful to assemble the available evidence on the epidemiology and burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in India , in order to weigh the urgency of introducing a vaccine to help control rotavirus disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22423021",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 183,
"offsetInEndSection": 328,
"text": "Is there evidence that rotavirus vaccines are effective in preventing acute gastroenteritis complications such as dehydration and hospitalization"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16397431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1325,
"offsetInEndSection": 1506,
"text": "With the introduction of new rotavirus vaccines in sight , rotavirus gastroenteritis may be regarded as the single most frequent vaccine-preventable disease among children in the EU"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995190",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 374,
"offsetInEndSection": 658,
"text": "With the recent introduction of the two rotavirus vaccines , RotaTeq and Rotarix , in many countries , it appears that the total number of hospitalizations due to rotavirus infections is being reduced , at least in developed countries that implemented a universal immunization program"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20661105",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Change in rotavirus epidemiology in northeast Florida after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22431803",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 265,
"text": "With the recent postlicensure identification of an increased risk of intussusception with rotavirus vaccine , the 14 Latin American countries currently using rotavirus vaccine must now weigh the health benefits versus risks to assess whether to continue vaccination"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22702319",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 49,
"text": "Impact of rotavirus vaccines on rotavirus disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19931717",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 457,
"offsetInEndSection": 630,
"text": "With safe and efficacious rotavirus vaccines now on the verge of widespread adoption , researchers can be vital advocates for their uptake into routine immunization programs"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504245",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 145,
"text": "Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix™): a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in developed countries."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504245",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 450,
"offsetInEndSection": 633,
"text": "In addition, various naturalistic studies have demonstrated 'real-world' effectiveness after the introduction of widespread rotavirus vaccination programmes in the community setting."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504245",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 238,
"offsetInEndSection": 450,
"text": "The monovalent rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix™) is administered as a two-dose oral series in infants and has demonstrated protective efficacy against RVGE in clinical trials conducted in developed countries."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504245",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 633,
"offsetInEndSection": 844,
"text": "Numerous cost-effectiveness analyses have been conducted in developed countries in which a universal rotavirus vaccination programme using RIX4414 was compared with no universal rotavirus vaccination programme."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504245",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1507,
"offsetInEndSection": 1716,
"text": "It is also difficult to draw conclusions regarding the cost effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 relative to that of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, which is administered as a three-dose oral series."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504245",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1716,
"offsetInEndSection": 1995,
"text": "Although indirect comparisons in cost-effectiveness analyses indicate that RIX4414 provided more favourable incremental cost-effectiveness ratios when each vaccine was compared with no universal rotavirus vaccination programme, results were generally sensitive to vaccine costs."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15502699",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "A rotavirus vaccine for prophylaxis of infants against rotavirus gastroenteritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15502699",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 138,
"offsetInEndSection": 307,
"text": "A live attenuated monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) containing human rotavirus strain RIX4414 of G1P1A P[8] specificity is being developed to meet the global need."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15502699",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 814,
"offsetInEndSection": 985,
"text": "Rotarix significantly reduced rotavirus gastroenteritis episodes and rotavirus-related hospitalizations in vaccinated infants compared with placebo recipients (P < 0.05)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30046133",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 99,
"offsetInEndSection": 364,
"text": "We describe the intussusception epidemiology prior to rotavirus vaccine, temporal association of intussusception cases to administration of rotavirus vaccine, and estimate the additional number of intussusception cases that may be associated with rotavirus vaccine."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30046133",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Epidemiology of intussusception before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Fiji."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30046133",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "In 2012, Fiji introduced rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix, GSK) into the national immunisation schedule."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9015114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 414,
"offsetInEndSection": 635,
"text": "Four trials of RIT 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine, one trial of group A RRV-1 rhesus rotavirus vaccine, and one trial of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccines D x RRV and DS1 x RRV were carried out between 1983-1989."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9015114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1009,
"offsetInEndSection": 1248,
"text": "Problems associated with the use of any oral rotavirus vaccine include acid lability of the vaccine virus, which requires buffering, and a slight but significant interference of oral poliovirus vaccine with the uptake of rotavirus vaccine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9015114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1249,
"offsetInEndSection": 1374,
"text": "In the near future, oral heterologous rotavirus vaccines may be available for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9015114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 856,
"offsetInEndSection": 1008,
"text": "There was no apparent difference between bovine and rhesus-based rotavirus vaccines in the protective efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9015114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 148,
"offsetInEndSection": 413,
"text": "Efficacy studies of this vaccine in 6-12 month-old children gave results characteristic of the performance of oral rotavirus vaccines in general: 58% protective efficacy against any rotavirus gastroenteritis and 82% against \"clinically significant\" gastroenteritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9015114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "Live oral rotavirus vaccine strain RIT 4237, derived from group A bovine rotavirus NCDV, was given to human volunteers in Tampere, Finland in 1982."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27443593",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 683,
"offsetInEndSection": 881,
"text": "Targeted efforts to evaluate indirect effects of rotavirus vaccine in low income countries are required to understand the total impact of rotavirus vaccine on the global burden of rotavirus disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27443593",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "Widespread introduction of rotavirus vaccines has led to major reductions in the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis worldwide."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27443593",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 451,
"offsetInEndSection": 682,
"text": "While rotavirus vaccine indirect effects have been demonstrated in high and middle income countries, there are very little data from low income countries where force of infection, population structures and vaccine schedules differ."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27443593",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "Measuring indirect effects of rotavirus vaccine in low income countries."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11389295",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "Intussusception among recipients of rotavirus vaccine: reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11389295",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Rotavirus vaccine was licensed on August 31, 1998, and subsequently recommended for routine use among infants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11389295",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 184,
"offsetInEndSection": 355,
"text": "To describe the cases of intussusception among rotavirus vaccine recipients reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from October 1998 through December 1999."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11389295",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 356,
"offsetInEndSection": 419,
"text": "Infants vaccinated with rotavirus vaccine in the United States."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11389295",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 569,
"offsetInEndSection": 785,
"text": "There were 98 confirmed cases of intussusception after vaccination with rotavirus vaccine reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System; 60 of these developed intussusception within 1 week after vaccination."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11389295",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1011,
"offsetInEndSection": 1222,
"text": "Using a passive surveillance system for vaccine adverse events, we observed at least a fourfold increase over the expected number of intussusception cases occurring within 1 week of receipt of rotavirus vaccine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11389295",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1223,
"offsetInEndSection": 1333,
"text": "Other studies were initiated to further define the relationship between rotavirus vaccine and intussusception."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11389295",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1334,
"offsetInEndSection": 1548,
"text": "In light of these and other data, the rotavirus vaccine manufacturer voluntarily removed its product from the market, and the recommendation for routine use of rotavirus vaccine among US infants has been withdrawn."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9949951",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 86,
"offsetInEndSection": 255,
"text": "To review the biology, immunology, and virology of rotavirus infections and describe the efforts towards the construction of vaccines using human and animal rotaviruses."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9949951",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 396,
"offsetInEndSection": 511,
"text": "In August 1998 the Food and Drug Administration in the United States approved the licensure of a rotavirus vaccine."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e64f1921af46fc130000018
| 579 |
yesno
|
Is DNA methylation correlated with nucleosome occupancy?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['DNA methylation can determine nucleosome positioning. Using a novel bioinformatics pipeline, we show a striking anti-correlation between nucleosome occupancy and DNA methylation at CTCF regions that is not present at promoters. DNA methylation determines nucleosome occupancy in the 5\'-CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes. In contrast, exons demonstrate a high degree of methylation and nucleosome occupancy. Although global DNA demethylation has been observed after treatment, it is unclear to what extent demethylation induces changes in nucleosome occupancy, a key determinant of gene expression. In order to systematically evaluate potential diversities among CGIs and ultimately to illuminate the link between diversity of CGIs and their epigenetic variation, we analyzed the nucleotide-resolution DNA methylation maps of multiple cellular origins. Using this global approach, we observe the dependency of nucleosome occupancy upon the DNA methylation status. Exonic DNA methylation seems to function together with exonic nucleosomes and H3K36me3 for the proper splicing of transcripts with different expression levels. Transcription, histone modifications, and DNA methylation alter this "ground state" by having distinct effects on both nucleosome positioning and occupancy. ', 'Human promoters containing a CpG island tend to remain nucleosome-free as well as methylation-free.Exonic dna methylation can determine nucleosome positioning.In contrast, exons demonstrate a high degree of methylation and nucleosome occupancy.Using this global approach, we observe the dependency of nucleosome occupancy upon the dna methylation seems to function together with exonic nucleosomes and h3k36me3 for the proper splicing of transcripts with different expression levels.In order to systematically evaluate potential diversities among cgis and ultimately to illuminate the link between diversity of cgis and their epigenetic variation, we analyzed the nucleotide-resolution dna methylation status.Transcription, histone modifications, and dna methylation determines nucleosome occupancy in the 5\'-cpg islands of tumor suppressor genes.Although global DNA demethylation has been observed after treatment, it is unclear to what extent demethylation induces changes in nucleosome occupancy, a key determinant of gene expression.Using this global approach, we analyzed the nucleotide-resolution dna methylation maps ( methylomes ) of multiple cellular origins.Dna methylation alter this "ground state" by having distinct effects on both nucleosome positioning.', "In contrast, exons demonstrate a high degree of methylation and nucleosome occupancy.Nucleosome-free regions were observed only in promoters containing a CpG islandHere I show that CpG islands were associated not only with methylation-free promoters but also with nucleosome-free promoters.In contrast to the methylation-and nucleosome-free states of CpG-island promoters, exons were densely methylated at CpGs and packaged into nucleosomes.I also found that nucleosomes, DNA methylation, and H3K36me3 marked the exons of transcripts with low, medium, and high gene expression levels, respectively.DNA methylation determines nucleosome occupancy in the 5'-CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes.DNA methylation can determine nucleosome positioning.DNA methylation directly silences genes with non-CpG island promoters and establishes a nucleosome occupied promoter.The mostly unmethylated CpG islands have reduced nucleosome occupancy and are enriched in cell type-independent binding sites for CTCF.Three positions at the splice sites show high CpG abundance and accompany elevated nucleosome occupancy in a leveled GC architecture.", 'Here I show that CpG islands were associated not only with methylation-free promoters but also with nucleosome-free promoters. Nucleosome-free regions were observed only in promoters containing a CpG island In contrast to the methylation-and nucleosome-free states of CpG-island promoters, exons were densely methylated at CpGs and packaged into nucleosomes. In contrast, exons demonstrate a high degree of methylation and nucleosome occupancy.', "Using this global approach, we observe the dependency of nucleosome occupancy upon the DNA methylation seems to function together with exonic nucleosomes and H3K36me3 for the proper splicing of transcripts with different expression levels. Using a novel bioinformatics pipeline, we show a striking anti-correlation between nucleosome occupancy and DNA methylation maps of multiple cellular origins. Transcription, histone modifications, and DNA methylation determines nucleosome occupancy in the 5'-CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes. Exonic DNA methylation can determine nucleosome positioning. In order to systematically evaluate potential diversities among CGIs and ultimately to illuminate the link between diversity of CGIs and their epigenetic variation, we analyzed the nucleotide-resolution DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy. Although global DNA demethylation has been observed after treatment, it is unclear to what extent demethylation induces changes in nucleosome occupancy, a key determinant of gene expression levels. Human promoters containing a CpG island tend to remain nucleosome-free as well as methylation-free. In contrast, exons demonstrate a high degree of methylation status. DNA methylation at CTCF regions that is not present at promoters. ", 'Recent reports have identified distinct histone methylation patterns, elevated nucleosome occupancy and enriched DNA methylation at exons relative to introns. DNA methylation directly silences genes with non-CpG island promoters and establishes a nucleosome occupied promoter. Using a novel bioinformatics pipeline a striking anti-correlation between nucleosome occupancy and DNA methylation at CTCF regions that is not present at promoters can be shown. The induction of DNA hypomethylation events by genetic (DNMT1/DNMT3B deficient cells) or drug (a DNA demethylating agent) approaches is associated with the eviction of nucleosomes from previously hypermethylated CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes.', "DNA methylation can determine nucleosome positioning. Using a novel bioinformatics pipeline, we show a striking anti-correlation between nucleosome occupancy and DNA methylation at CTCF regions that is not present at promoters. DNA methylation determines nucleosome occupancy in the 5'-CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes. In contrast, exons demonstrate a high degree of methylation and nucleosome occupancy. ", 'In contrast, exons demonstrate a high degree of methylation and nucleosome occupancy. Using a novel bioinformatics pipeline, we show a striking anti-correlation between nucleosome occupancy and DNA methylation at CTCF regions that is not present at promoters. ', 'yes']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26484155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602769",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305225",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24419148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812327",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916973",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686312",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23502848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28413449"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 464,
"offsetInEndSection": 590,
"text": "Here I show that CpG islands were associated not only with methylation-free promoters but also with nucleosome-free promoters."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 591,
"offsetInEndSection": 670,
"text": "Nucleosome-free regions were observed only in promoters containing a CpG island"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 836,
"offsetInEndSection": 987,
"text": "In contrast to the methylation-and nucleosome-free states of CpG-island promoters, exons were densely methylated at CpGs and packaged into nucleosomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1243,
"offsetInEndSection": 1400,
"text": "I also found that nucleosomes, DNA methylation, and H3K36me3 marked the exons of transcripts with low, medium, and high gene expression levels, respectively."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1413,
"offsetInEndSection": 1512,
"text": "Human promoters containing a CpG island tend to remain nucleosome-free as well as methylation-free."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1513,
"offsetInEndSection": 1598,
"text": "In contrast, exons demonstrate a high degree of methylation and nucleosome occupancy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1599,
"offsetInEndSection": 1758,
"text": "Exonic DNA methylation seems to function together with exonic nucleosomes and H3K36me3 for the proper splicing of transcripts with different expression levels."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964334",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 286,
"offsetInEndSection": 476,
"text": "Supporting such an association, recent reports have identified distinct histone methylation patterns, elevated nucleosome occupancy and enriched DNA methylation at exons relative to introns."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835883",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "DNA methylation directly silences genes with non-CpG island promoters and establishes a nucleosome occupied promoter."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960375",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 560,
"offsetInEndSection": 734,
"text": "Using a novel bioinformatics pipeline, we show a striking anti-correlation between nucleosome occupancy and DNA methylation at CTCF regions that is not present at promoters. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23502848",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1296,
"offsetInEndSection": 1429,
"text": "Three positions at the splice sites show high CpG abundance and accompany elevated nucleosome occupancy in a leveled GC architecture."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23502848",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 356,
"offsetInEndSection": 600,
"text": "The first group has higher nucleosome occupancy on exons than introns, whereas the second group exhibits weak nucleosome marking of exons, suggesting another type of epigenetic marker distinguishes exons from introns when GC content is similar."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686312",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 322,
"offsetInEndSection": 377,
"text": " DNA methylation can determine nucleosome positioning. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686312",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "DNA methylation determines nucleosome occupancy in the 5'-CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686312",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 466,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "he induction of DNA hypomethylation events by genetic (DNMT1/DNMT3B deficient cells) or drug (a DNA demethylating agent) approaches is associated with the eviction of nucleosomes from previously hypermethylated CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686312",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1031,
"offsetInEndSection": 1360,
"text": "Using this global approach, we observe the dependency of nucleosome occupancy upon the DNA methylation status. Thus, our results suggest that there is a close association between hypermethylated CpG islands and the presence of nucleosomes, such that each of these epigenetic mechanisms can determine the recruitment of the other."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408854",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 136,
"offsetInEndSection": 326,
"text": "Although global DNA demethylation has been observed after treatment, it is unclear to what extent demethylation induces changes in nucleosome occupancy, a key determinant of gene expression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408854",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 893,
"offsetInEndSection": 1093,
"text": "Our results indicate that only a minority of demethylated promoters are associated with nucleosome remodeling, and these could potentially be the epigenetic drivers causing the loss of tumorigenicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26484155",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 237,
"offsetInEndSection": 356,
"text": "with repressed genes often being associated with local DNA hypermethylation and gain of nucleosomes at their promoters."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305225",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 907,
"offsetInEndSection": 1064,
"text": "Transcription, histone modifications, and DNA methylation alter this \"ground state\" by having distinct effects on both nucleosome positioning and occupancy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24419148",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 378,
"offsetInEndSection": 644,
"text": "In order to systematically evaluate potential diversities among CGIs and ultimately to illuminate the link between diversity of CGIs and their epigenetic variation, we analyzed the nucleotide-resolution DNA methylation maps (methylomes) of multiple cellular origins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812327",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 545,
"offsetInEndSection": 680,
"text": "The mostly unmethylated CpG islands have reduced nucleosome occupancy and are enriched in cell type-independent binding sites for CTCF."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812327",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 776,
"offsetInEndSection": 948,
"text": "In contrast, outside of CpG islands most CpGs are methylated, and the average methylation density oscillates so that it is highest in the linker region between nucleosomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916973",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 843,
"offsetInEndSection": 1056,
"text": "Aberrant acquisition of nucleosomes at enhancer-associated NDRs is associated with hypermethylation and epigenetic silencing marks, and conversely, loss of nucleosomes with demethylation and epigenetic activation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28413449",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1519,
"offsetInEndSection": 1822,
"text": "Prominent exceptions to the correlations between methylated CpG density and nucleosome occupancy include CpG islands marked by H3K27me3 and CpG-poor heterochromatin marked by H3K9me3, and these modifications, along with DNA methylation, distinguish the major silencing mechanisms of the human epigenome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085715",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 701,
"offsetInEndSection": 822,
"text": "Throughout the genome, nucleosome occupancy was correlated with certain histone methylation or acetylation modifications."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960375",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 734,
"offsetInEndSection": 984,
"text": "We further show that the extent of nucleosome depletion at promoters is directly correlated to expression level and can accommodate multiple nucleosomes and provide genome-wide evidence that expressed non-CpG island promoters are nucleosome-depleted."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5a43a214966455904c000009
| 580 |
yesno
|
Are whole-genome duplications more divergent than small-scale duplications in yeast?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Whole-genome duplicates tend to exhibit less profound phenotypic effects when deleted, are functionally less divergent, and are associated with a different set of functions than their small-scale duplicate counterparts.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799339",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300483",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20525287"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625390",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 759,
"offsetInEndSection": 999,
"text": " Also, we observe that transporter and glycolytic genes have a higher probability to be retained in duplicate after WGD and subsequent gene loss, both in the model as in S. cerevisiae, which leads to an increase in glycolytic flux after WGD"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625390",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 603,
"offsetInEndSection": 758,
"text": "We show that the retention of genes in duplicate in the model, corresponds nicely with those retained in duplicate after the ancestral WGD in S. cerevisiae"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625390",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1276,
"offsetInEndSection": 1455,
"text": "Thus, our model confirms the hypothesis that WGD has been important in the adaptation of yeast to the new, glucose-rich environment that arose after the appearance of angiosperms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916239",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 489,
"offsetInEndSection": 708,
"text": "Whole-genome duplicates tend to exhibit less profound phenotypic effects when deleted, are functionally less divergent, and are associated with a different set of functions than their small-scale duplicate counterparts."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20525287",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 583,
"offsetInEndSection": 709,
"text": "The results uncover the WGD as a major source for the evolution of a complex interconnected block of transcriptional pathways."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1862,
"offsetInEndSection": 2062,
"text": "These selected pairs, both WGD and SSD, tend to have decelerated functional evolution, have higher propensities of co-clustering into the same protein complexes, and share common interacting partners."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799339",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1214,
"offsetInEndSection": 1467,
"text": "Moreover, we find additional transcriptional profiles that are suggestive of neo- and subfunctionalization of duplicate gene copies. These patterns are strongly correlated with the functional dependencies and sequence divergence profiles of gene copies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799339",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 99,
"offsetInEndSection": 235,
"text": "Functional and transcriptional divergence between the copies after gene duplication has been considered the main driver of innovations ."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916239",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 507,
"offsetInEndSection": 726,
"text": "Whole-genome duplicates tend to exhibit less profound phenotypic effects when deleted, are functionally less divergent, and are associated with a different set of functions than their small-scale duplicate counterparts."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300483",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
"offsetInEndSection": 382,
"text": "Empirical data shows that whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are more likely to be retained than small-scale duplications (SSDs), though their relative contribution to the functional fate of duplicates remains unexplored."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c2f8127133db5eb78000032
| 581 |
yesno
|
Can autophagy related lncRNAs be used for colorectal cancer prognosis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, a prognostic prediction model of CRC was built based on nine ARlncRNAs (NKILA, LINC00174, AC008760.1, LINC02041, PCAT6, AC156455.1, LINC01503, LINC00957, and CD27-AS1). The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group among train set, validation set, and all patients (all p < 0.001). The model had high sensitivity and accuracy in predicting the 1-year overall survival rate (area under the curve = 0.717). The prediction model risk score was an independent predictor of CRC.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34692467"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34692467",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "A Novel Prognostic Prediction Model for Colorectal Cancer Based on Nine Autophagy-Related Long Noncoding RNAs"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34692467",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1347,
"offsetInEndSection": 1882,
"text": "A prognostic prediction model of CRC was built based on nine ARlncRNAs (NKILA, LINC00174, AC008760.1, LINC02041, PCAT6, AC156455.1, LINC01503, LINC00957, and CD27-AS1). The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group among train set, validation set, and all patients (all p < 0.001). The model had high sensitivity and accuracy in predicting the 1-year overall survival rate (area under the curve = 0.717). The prediction model risk score was an independent predictor of CRC. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34692467",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2284,
"offsetInEndSection": 2518,
"text": "The new ARlncRNA-based model predicts CRC patient prognosis and provides new research ideas regarding potential mechanisms regulating the biological behavior of CRC. ARlncRNAs may play important roles in personalized cancer treatment."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
62266c353a8413c65300008a
| 582 |
yesno
|
Are high-flow nasal cannulae effective for treatment of preterm infants?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
Yes. The use of high-flow nasal cannulae is an increasingly popular alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure for noninvasive respiratory support of preterm infants after extubation. However, the use of high-flow nasal cannulae in preterm infants was shown to be associated with a higher rate of reintubation, increased exposure to oxygen and longer duration of respiratory support. High-flow nasal cannulae are also effective for treatment of apnea of prematurity.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24106935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23947111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23782410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23260098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143331",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23114244",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22964658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22173399",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21682982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21563154",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21276671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17989697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11331690",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22518179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24225220",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23955516",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23903677"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24106935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "The use of high-flow nasal cannulae is an increasingly popular alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for noninvasive respiratory support of very preterm infants (gestational age, <32 weeks) after extubation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24106935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 944,
"offsetInEndSection": 1244,
"text": "The use of high-flow nasal cannulae was noninferior to the use of nasal CPAP, with treatment failure occurring in 52 of 152 infants (34.2%) in the nasal-cannulae group and in 39 of 151 infants (25.8%) in the CPAP group (risk difference, 8.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, -1.9 to 18.7). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24106935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1610,
"offsetInEndSection": 1832,
"text": "Although the result for the primary outcome was close to the margin of noninferiority, the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannulae was similar to that of CPAP as respiratory support for very preterm infants after extubation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23947111",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 438,
"offsetInEndSection": 627,
"text": "Recently high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is emerging as an efficient, better tolerated form of NIV, allowing better access to the baby's face, which may improve nursing, feeding and bonding."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23947111",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1078,
"offsetInEndSection": 1179,
"text": "In conclusion, there is a growing evidence of the feasibility of HFNC as an alternative mode of NIV. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23260098",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1042,
"offsetInEndSection": 1104,
"text": "HHHFNC and NCPAP produced similar rates of extubation failure."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143331",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 111,
"offsetInEndSection": 287,
"text": "The use of HFNC as a respiratory support modality is increasing in the infant, pediatric, and adult populations as an alternative to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143331",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1292,
"offsetInEndSection": 1452,
"text": "Current evidence suggests that HFNC is well tolerated and may be feasible in a subset of patients who require ventilatory support with non-invasive ventilation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23114244",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Heated, humidified, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HHHFNC) has been used to improve ventilation in preterm infants. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23114244",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1412,
"offsetInEndSection": 1532,
"text": "Increasing flow rates of HHHFNC therapy are associated with linear increases in NP pressures in bronchiolitis patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 76,
"offsetInEndSection": 534,
"text": "An alternative to the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) as a non-invasive modality to support respiratory distress in premature infants has been the recent introduction of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) devices in many neonatal units. There has been increased use of HFNC presumably because of anecdotal reports and experience that it is easy to use, and well tolerated by the infants, while experiencing decreased nasal septumerosion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22964658",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "High-flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) are gaining in popularity as a form of non-invasive respiratory support for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units around the world."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22964658",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 922,
"offsetInEndSection": 1102,
"text": "HFNC may be as effective as NCPAP at improving respiratory parameters such as tidal volume and work of breathing in preterm infants, but probably only at flow rates >2 litres/min. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22964658",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1191,
"offsetInEndSection": 1325,
"text": "There is growing evidence of the feasibility of HFNC as an alternative to other forms of non-invasive ventilation in preterm infants. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21563154",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1284,
"offsetInEndSection": 1793,
"text": "When used as primary respiratory support after birth, one trial found similar rates of treatment failure in infants treated with HFNC and nasal CPAP. Following extubation, one trial found that infants treated with HFNC had a significantly higher rate of reintubation than those treated with nasal CPAP. Another trial found similar rates of reintubation for humidified and non-humidified HFNC, and the fourth trial found no difference between two different models of equipment used to deliver humidified HFNC. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21563154",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1948,
"offsetInEndSection": 2055,
"text": "When used following extubation, HFNC may be associated with a higher rate of reintubation than nasal CPAP. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21276671",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Early weaning from CPAP to high flow nasal cannula in preterm infants is associated with prolonged oxygen requirement: a randomized controlled trial."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21276671",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1068,
"offsetInEndSection": 1372,
"text": "After randomization, the no-NC group had fewer days on oxygen [median (interquartile range): 5 (1-8) vs 14 (7.5-19.25) days, p<0.001] and shorter duration of respiratory support [10.5 (4-21) vs 18 (11.5-29) days, p=0.03]. There were no differences between groups regarding success of weaning from NCPAP. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21276671",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1385,
"offsetInEndSection": 1517,
"text": "Weaning preterm infants from NCPAP to NC is associated with increased exposure to oxygen and longer duration of respiratory support."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11331690",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 203,
"offsetInEndSection": 350,
"text": "A number of centers use high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in the management of AOP without measuring the positive distending pressure (PDP) generated."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11331690",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1645,
"offsetInEndSection": 1700,
"text": "HFNC is as effective as NCPAP in the management of AOP."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007234",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D057785",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000281"
] |
[] |
530cf4c54a5037880c000002
| 583 |
yesno
|
Is intense physical activity associated with longevity?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['YES:']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21618162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22587716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10670554",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7707624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2279154"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21618162",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1345,
"offsetInEndSection": 1451,
"text": "Our major finding is that repeated very intense exercise prolongs life span in well trained practitioners."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22587716",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1331,
"offsetInEndSection": 1690,
"text": "Death rates declined with increased levels of total activity (estimated in kilocalories), and declined also with increased intensity of effort measured as from none, to light, to moderately vigorous or vigorous sports play. Death rates at any given quantity of physical exercise were lower for men playing moderately intense sports than for less vigorous men."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449779",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 168,
"offsetInEndSection": 318,
"text": "he purpose of this study was to investigate if jogging, which can be very vigorous, is associated with increased all-cause mortality in men and women."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449779",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1056,
"offsetInEndSection": 1230,
"text": "This long-term study of joggers showed that jogging was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality and a substantial increase in survival for both men and women."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10670554",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 470,
"offsetInEndSection": 776,
"text": "Light activities (<4 multiples of resting metabolic rate (METs)) were not associated with reduced mortality rates, moderate activities (4-<6 METs) appeared somewhat beneficial, and vigorous activities (> or =6 METs) clearly predicted lower mortality rates (p, trend = 0.72, 0.07, and <0.001, respectively)."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7707624",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1732,
"offsetInEndSection": 1927,
"text": "These data demonstrate a graded inverse relationship between total physical activity and mortality. Furthermore, vigorous activities but not nonvigorous activities were associated with longevity."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2279154",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 902,
"offsetInEndSection": 1042,
"text": "The capacity for prolonged and vigorous physical exercise, particularly if the exercise is recreational, is a strong indicator of longevity."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008136",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015444",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005081",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005082"
] | null |
518ccac0310faafe0800000b
| 584 |
yesno
|
Is there a role for CADM1 in Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['Yes, CADM1 may be important in the physiopathology of the del(11q) MDS, extending its role as tumor-suppressor gene from solid tumors to hematopoietic malignancies with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11.', 'Yes. The CADM1 tumor suppressor gene is a major candidate gene in MDS with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11.', 'Yes. Together with the frequent simultaneous deletions of KMT2A, ATM and CBL and mutations of ASXL1, SF3B1 and CBL, CADM1 may be important in the physiopathology of the del(11q) MDS.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638130"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638130",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1355,
"offsetInEndSection": 1638,
"text": "Together with the frequent simultaneous deletions of KMT2A, ATM and CBL and mutations of ASXL1, SF3B1 and CBL, we show that CADM1 may be important in the physiopathology of the del(11q) MDS, extending its role as tumor-suppressor gene from solid tumors to hematopoietic malignancies."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638130",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "The CADM1 tumor suppressor gene is a major candidate gene in MDS with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6212c25c3a8413c653000019
| 585 |
yesno
|
Is Benralizumab effective for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, the anti-IL-5 antibody benralizumab has been reported to reduce Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria symptoms.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32224275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31446134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30015639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33685605"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32224275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1038,
"offsetInEndSection": 1235,
"text": "Finally, treatments aimed at reducing eosinophil accumulation and activation, such as the anti-IL-5 antibodies mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab, have been reported to reduce CSU symptoms. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30015639",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 789,
"offsetInEndSection": 1163,
"text": "The treatments that are under clinical trials for CSU are anti-IgE treatments such as ligelizumab, molecules targeting intracellular signaling pathways such as spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors, surface inhibitory molecules such as siglec-8, anti-IL-1s such as canakinumab, Bruton kinase (BTK) inhibitors such as GDC-0853 and anti-IL-5s such as benralizumab and mepolizumab."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31446134",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 910,
"offsetInEndSection": 1007,
"text": "f-label use of dupilumab, reslizumab, mepolizumab, and benralizumab can be effective in CU. Ligel"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32224275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1038,
"offsetInEndSection": 1234,
"text": "Finally, treatments aimed at reducing eosinophil accumulation and activation, such as the anti-IL-5 antibodies mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab, have been reported to reduce CSU symptoms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32224275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1052,
"offsetInEndSection": 1252,
"text": "ments aimed at reducing eosinophil accumulation and activation, such as the anti-IL-5 antibodies mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab, have been reported to reduce CSU symptoms. Clearly, a new pi"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33685605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 730,
"offsetInEndSection": 939,
"text": "ormation on the effects of the off-label use, in CSU, of biologics licensed for the treatment of other diseases, including dupilumab, benralizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, and secukinumab. Finally, we discuss"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30015639",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 753,
"offsetInEndSection": 1312,
"text": ", B cells, T cells and eosinophils. The treatments that are under clinical trials for CSU are anti-IgE treatments such as ligelizumab, molecules targeting intracellular signaling pathways such as spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors, surface inhibitory molecules such as siglec-8, anti-IL-1s such as canakinumab, Bruton kinase (BTK) inhibitors such as GDC-0853 and anti-IL-5s such as benralizumab and mepolizumab.SUMMARY: The ongoing clinical trials on new targets of treatment hold new hopes not only for a better care of the disease but also a better understan"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6020a7391cb411341a00007e
| 586 |
yesno
|
Has IVIG been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
["Yes, IVIG has been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760112"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760112",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 70,
"text": "Clinical trials of intravenous immunoglobulin for Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760112",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 176,
"offsetInEndSection": 577,
"text": "Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that IVIG has anti-amyloid and immune modulatory properties relevant to treating neurodegenerative disorders. In early stage AD clinical trials, IVIG was found to reduce cognitive decline and increase brain glucose metabolism. Unfortunately, IVIG failed to meet primary outcome objectives in the North American Phase 3 clinical trial in mild to moderate AD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760112",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1070,
"offsetInEndSection": 1324,
"text": "While the results of clinical trials to date do not provide support for the use of IVIG to treat AD at the doses tested, additional studies of IVIG's mechanisms are warranted and may guide the development of more effective therapies for AD in the future."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5a7d54adfaa1ab7d2e000019
| 587 |
yesno
|
Has FTY720 been considered for the treatment of stroke?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, FTY720 is a strong candidate for stroke treatment.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31785606"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31785606",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "FTY720 (Fingolimod) Ameliorates Brain Injury through Multiple Mechanisms and is a Strong Candidate for Stroke Treatment"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31785606",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1192,
"offsetInEndSection": 1691,
"text": "Many researchers have recognized the positive effects of FTY720 and launched basic and clinical experiments to test the use of this agent against stroke. Although the mechanism of FTY720 has not been fully elucidated, its efficacy against cerebral stroke is becoming clear, not only in animal models, but also in ischemic stroke patients through clinical trials. In this article, we review the data obtained from laboratory findings and preliminary clinical trials using FTY720 for stroke treatment."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
605265ee94d57fd87900000d
| 588 |
yesno
|
Can Diabetes be caused by a defect in a potassium chanel?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Mutations in the KATP channel can lead to neonatal diabetes.', 'Mutations in KATP channel genes can result in hypo- or hypersecretion of insulin, as in neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital hyperinsulinism, respectively.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931474",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24827651"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118464",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 146,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": "Mutations in KATP channel genes can result in hypo- or hypersecretion of insulin, as in neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital hyperinsulinism, respectively."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118464",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 307,
"offsetInEndSection": 472,
"text": "To date, all patients affected by neonatal diabetes due to a mutation in the pore-forming subunit of the channel (Kir6.2, KCNJ11) are heterozygous for the mutation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118464",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 479,
"offsetInEndSection": 571,
"text": "e report the first clinical case of neonatal diabetes caused by a homozygous KCNJ11 mutation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931474",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism in infancy (CHI-D) arises from mutations inactivating the KATP channel;"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24827651",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": "We report a case of a 6-week-old infant with diabetes mellitus based on a genetic defect in the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), an ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746700",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1094,
"offsetInEndSection": 1150,
"text": "In diabetes, vascular KATP channel function is impaired."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016640",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11717",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9351",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4277521",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011188",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011189",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003921",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003923",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003922",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4277521",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003920",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D024681",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003924",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015221"
] | null |
58a0a28a78275d0c4a000051
| 589 |
yesno
|
Is Ixodes a species of tick?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Ixodes is a family of hard ticks.', 'tick, Ixodes ricinus', 'Yes, Ixodes is a species of tick.', 'ixodid ticks hard ticks (family Ixodidae)']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21153754",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26336217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11296828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25236960",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12938010",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31943036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27473852",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21028959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20101443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30914054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32327327",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23077588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31887120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32723642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29448923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28173840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14570115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17089744",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23444797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25333277",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12422585",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30207871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19184580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25434042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31720842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16350531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30079309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27263092",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31031164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19998007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12880241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27286701",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33002807"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059172",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 26,
"offsetInEndSection": 38,
"text": "ixodid ticks"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 64,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "ixodid ticks "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 463,
"offsetInEndSection": 476,
"text": " ixodid ticks"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010631",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 195,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "tick, Ixodes ricinus"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33002807",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 303,
"offsetInEndSection": 331,
"text": "hard ticks (family Ixodidae)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 740,
"offsetInEndSection": 959,
"text": "The two enzootic tick vectors, Ixodes affinis and Ixodes minor, rarely bite humans but are more important than the human biting \"bridge\" vector, Ixodes scapularis, in maintaining the enzootic spirochete cycle in nature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31943036",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1048,
"offsetInEndSection": 1252,
"text": "is more common in coastal habitats, where a greater diversity of Ixodes species ticks are found feeding on small mammal hosts (four species when compared with only I. pacificus in other sampled habitats)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26336217",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 550,
"offsetInEndSection": 864,
"text": "We found three of five previously reported tick species as well as a tick resembling the eastern North American tick Ixodes minor Neumann (which we here designate Ixodes \"Mojave morphotype\") on isolated Amargosa voles and Owens Valley voles (Microtus californicus vallicola Bailey) in Inyo County in 2012 and 2014."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29448923",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 458,
"offsetInEndSection": 590,
"text": "THODS: We focused on the well-studied tick genus Ixodes from which many species are known to transmit zoonotic diseases to humans. W"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26336217",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "Ectoparasites of Microtus californicus and Possible Emergence of an Exotic Ixodes Species Tick in California."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32723642",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1583,
"offsetInEndSection": 1886,
"text": "Since 2007, non-native tick species have been documented in the state every year, including Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor occidentalis, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes pacificus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes texanus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31943036",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 573,
"offsetInEndSection": 631,
"text": "in 1.5% of Ixodes species ticks and 3.6% of small mammals."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29448923",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Data-driven predictions and novel hypotheses about zoonotic tick vectors from the genus Ixodes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 152,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "spirochetes and transmitted by Ixodes species ticks."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23077588",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 472,
"offsetInEndSection": 678,
"text": "In this study, cutaneous bite-site lesions were analyzed using Affymetrix mouse genome 430A 2.0 arrays and histopathology at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours after uninfected Ixodes scapularis nymphal tick attachment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035799",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 234,
"offsetInEndSection": 357,
"text": "The minimally vegetated, extremely arid desert surrounding the pools is essentially uninhabitable for Ixodes species ticks."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12422585",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "Biology of Ixodes species ticks in relation to tick-borne zoonoses."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25333277",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "Borrelia miyamotoi is a newly described emerging pathogen transmitted to people by Ixodes species ticks and found in temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12938010",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1373,
"offsetInEndSection": 1468,
"text": "Rickettsia conorii was found in virtually all non- Ixodes tick species from Albania and Turkey."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31031164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Ixodes anatis is a species of endophilic (nidicolous) tick species parasitizing brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli). Even"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27473852",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "Ixodes ariadnae is a tick species of bats so far reported only in Central Europe, with its description based on the female and nymph. Th"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30914054",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Ixodes collaris Hornok, 2016 is a recently discovered tick species associated with bats"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25434042",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 254,
"text": "Ixodes holocyclus (Acarina: Ixodidae) and Ixodes cornuatus (Acarina: Ixodidae) are two tick species found in the more densely populated areas of Australia and are known to be the cause of the neurotoxic disease tick paralysis in humans and mammals. Borre"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586535",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Ixodes affinis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) is a hard-bodied tick species distributed throughout much of the southeastern United States. Alt"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14570115",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 145,
"offsetInEndSection": 492,
"text": "ixodid tick fauna consists of 241 species in the genus Ixodes and 442 species in the genera Amblyomma, Anomalohimalaya, Bothriocroton, Cosmiomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Margaropus, Nosomma, Rhipicentor and Rhipicephalus in the family Ixodidae, with the genus Boophilus becoming a subgenus of the genus Rhipicephalus. The family Nutt"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975565",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 113,
"offsetInEndSection": 520,
"text": "e following 16 ixodid tick species were identified: Ixodes fuscipes, Amblyomma auricularium, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma geayi, Amblyomma humerale, Amblyomma latepunctatum, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma naponense, Amblyomma nodosum, Amblyomma oblongoguttatum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma romitii, Amblyomma rotundatum, Amblyomma scalpturatum, and Amblyomma varium. From these, A. aur"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31720842",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "In 2014, a new tick species, Ixodes inopinatus, was described, which is closely related to Ixodes ricinus. So fa"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31887120",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 201,
"offsetInEndSection": 451,
"text": "ontinent. Zoonotic Babesia is vectored by Ixodes ticks and is commonly transmitted in North America by Ixodes scapularis, the tick species responsible for transmitting the pathogens that also cause Lyme disease, Powassan virus, and anaplasmosis in hu"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29448923",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2000,
"offsetInEndSection": 2321,
"text": "In addition to identifying novel, testable hypotheses about intrinsic features driving vectorial capacity across Ixodes tick species, our model identifies particular Ixodes species with the highest probability of carrying zoonotic diseases, offering specific targets for increased zoonotic investigation and surveillance."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20101443",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 214,
"offsetInEndSection": 567,
"text": "To date, the tick fauna of this area consists of 117 species in the following families: Argasidae-Argas (7 species), Carios (4 species) and Ornithodoros (2 species); Ixodidae-Amblyomma (8 species), Anomalohimalaya (2 species), Dermacentor (12 species), Haemaphysalis (44 species), Hyalomma (6 species), Ixodes (24 species) and Rhipicephalus (8 species)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17089744",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 322,
"text": "During a 3-yr comprehensive study, 196 ixodid ticks (9 species) were collected from 89 passerine birds (32 species) from 25 localities across Canada to determine the distribution of avian-associated tick species and endogenous Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt, and Brenner."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23444797",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 246,
"offsetInEndSection": 732,
"text": "In the Polish fauna there are 19 species of ticks (Ixodida) recognized as existing permanently in our country: Argas reflexus, Argas polonicus, Carios vespertilionis, Ixodes trianguliceps, Ixodes arboricola, Ixodes crenulatus, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes lividus, Ixodes rugicollis, Ixodes caledonicus, Ixodes frontalis, Ixodes simplex, Ixodes vespertilionis, Ixodes apronophorus, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis concinna, Dermacentor reticulatus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23444797",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 733,
"offsetInEndSection": 1162,
"text": "Occasionally, alien species of ticks transferred to the territory of Poland are recorded: Amblyomma sphenodonti, Amblyomma exornatum, Amblyomma flavomaculatum, Amblyomma latum, Amblyomma nuttalli, Amblyomma quadricavum, Amblyomma transversale, Amblyomma varanensis, Amblyomma spp., Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma aegyptium, Hyalomma marginatum, Ixodes eldaricus, Ixodes festai, Rhipicephalus rossicus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11296828",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 886,
"offsetInEndSection": 1104,
"text": "Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) (one nymph, 14 larvae); the bird tick Ixodes brunneus Koch (two larvae); the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (one nymph); and Ixodes affinis Neumann (one larva)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27263092",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "Four members of the Ixodes ricinus species complex, Ixodes pacificus, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes scapularis, have, between them, a worldwide distribution within the northern hemisphere."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27263092",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "Diapause in ticks of the medically important Ixodes ricinus species complex."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32327327",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 527,
"offsetInEndSection": 621,
"text": "Herein, we report these ticks to represent three different species: Ixodes catarinensis n. sp."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30207871",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 319,
"offsetInEndSection": 533,
"text": "We found that 430 endemic ticks were from 3 Ixodes species: Ixodes pacificus, Ixodes spinipalpis, and Ixodes angustus, whereas Ixodes scapularis (n = 111) was the most common species among the 119 nonendemic ticks."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30207871",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 216,
"offsetInEndSection": 318,
"text": "In total, 549 human-biting Ixodes ticks were submitted comprising both endemic and nonendemic species."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30207871",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Human-Biting Ixodes Ticks and Pathogen Prevalence from California, Oregon, and Washington."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30207871",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1531,
"offsetInEndSection": 1668,
"text": "In this study, we show that many nonendemic Ixodes ticks (119/549) are most likely acquired from travel to a different geographic region."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12880241",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 113,
"text": "The Ixodes ricinus species complex is a group of ticks distributed in almost all geographic regions of the world."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30079309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1434,
"offsetInEndSection": 1706,
"text": "We report a tick associated with the enhancement of mammalian meat anaphylaxis after tick bite which is novel for both Australia and the world and establishes Ixodes (Endopalpiger) australiensis as a second tick species associated with mammalian meat allergy in Australia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19998007",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Among the various species of hard ticks, Ixodes ricinus is the most frequently found tick throughout Europe."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29448923",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 295,
"offsetInEndSection": 567,
"text": " in humans. We aimed to identify intrinsic traits that predict which Ixodes tick species are confirmed or strongly suspected to be vectors of zoonotic pathogens.METHODS: We focused on the well-studied tick genus Ixodes from which many species are known to transmit zoonoti"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25236960",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 336,
"text": "A list of the 70 species of Australian ticks; diagnostic guides to and species accounts of Ixodes holocyclus (paralysis tick), Ixodes cornuatus (southern paralysis tick) and Rhipicephalus australis (Australian cattle tick); and consideration of the place of Australia in the evolution of ticks with comments on four controversial ideas."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21028959",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "Differentiation of medically important Euro-Asian tick species Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes hexagonus, and Dermacentor reticulatus by polymerase chain reaction."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21153754",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 432,
"offsetInEndSection": 734,
"text": "All these I. granulatus ticks collected from Taiwan and Japan were genetically affiliated to a monophyletic group with highly homogeneous sequences (95.8-99.5% similarity), and can be discriminated from other species and subgenera of Ixodes ticks with a sequence divergence ranging from 13.6% to 62.9%."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19184580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 93,
"offsetInEndSection": 354,
"text": "The phylogenetic relationships were analyzed by comparing the sequences of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA gene obtained from 19 strains of ticks representing seven species of Ixodes and two outgroup species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Haemaphysalis inermis)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28173840",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1360,
"offsetInEndSection": 1542,
"text": "e, I. woyliei n. sp. was only found on two I. o. fusciventer.CONCLUSIONS: Morphological and molecular data have confirmed the first new Australian Ixodes tick species described in ov"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16350531",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 199,
"text": "More than 800 tick species have been reported world-wide however only about 30 tick species feed on humans, among them Ixodes ricinus, which is the most frequent tick species biting humans in Europe."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27286701",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Description of a new tick species, Ixodes collaris n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
603e43d51cb411341a00015e
| 590 |
yesno
|
Can losartan reduce brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
["No. 12 months of treatment with losartan was well tolerated but was not effective in reducing the rate of brain atrophy in individuals with clinically diagnosed mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34687634"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34687634",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2574,
"offsetInEndSection": 2784,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: 12 months of treatment with losartan was well tolerated but was not effective in reducing the rate of brain atrophy in individuals with clinically diagnosed mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
6402c910201352f04a00000c
| 591 |
yesno
|
Is Ameloblastoma (AB) a common benign tumor occurring in the brain?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['Ameloblastoma (AM) is a slow growing and aggressive benign tumor with an odontogenic epithelial origin arising from the mandible or maxilla.', 'Ameloblastoma is a neoplasm arising in the craniofacial skeleton.', 'Ameloblastoma (AB) is the most common benign epithelial odontogenic tumor occurring in the mandible']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28187692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32659412",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34599642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25206141",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34508164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10895162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30126803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191811",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23986011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29274152",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34510060",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27099699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995435",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30420932",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34594553",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31990904",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25298718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31674718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26015700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1569364",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30196986",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14970780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28212886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26261564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33394372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21371124",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21717310",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34511355",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27435007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21968082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29747056"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32659412",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor which undergoes malignant transformation to ameloblastic carcinoma. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34510060",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 10,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Ameloblastomas are benign tumors that most commonly affecting the mandible. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34599642",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is a neoplasm arising in the craniofacial skeleton."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34594553",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 73,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is an invasive odontogenic tumor, and for reconstruction, i"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34511355",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 173,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive, benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm currently classified to include conventional, unicystic, and extraosseous/peripheral subtypes. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484411",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "Ameloblastoma (AM) is a slow growing and aggressive benign tumor with an odontogenic epithelial origin arising from the mandible or maxilla."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25206141",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "The ameloblastoma is a benign but aggressive neoplasm of odontogenic origin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191811",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 53,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is a rare odontogenic tumor of the jaw."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925653",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 62,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is the most common epithelial odontogenic tumor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25298718",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Ameloblastoma or adamantinoma is the rarest of the three forms of tumor of the odontogenic type."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698263",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 61,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is a benign locally invasive odontogenic tumor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 203,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is the second most common benign epithelial odontogenic tumor and though it is of a benign nature, it is locally invasive, has a high recurrence rate and could potentially become malignant."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26261564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 194,
"text": "BACKGROUND: The ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic epithelial tumor, which belong to benign neoplasms that present a painless course, and usually occur in the oromaxillo-facial region."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23986011",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin, and though it is of a benign nature, it frequently infiltrates the bone, has a high rate of recurrence and could potentially become malignant."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30126803",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: Ameloblastoma is a benign, slow-growing, locally invasive epithelial tumor of odontogenic origin, with unlimited growth capacity and a strong tendency to recur."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33394372",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "Ameloblastoma, a benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumor, often demonstrates metastasis despite benign histological features and this variant is termed as metastasizing ameloblastoma (METAM). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31674718",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 219,
"text": "Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is defined as a rare primary epithelial odontogenic malignant neoplasm and the malignant counterpart of benign epithelial odontogenic tumor of ameloblastoma (AB) by the WHO classification. AC"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26261564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "BACKGROUND: The ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic epithelial tumor, which belong to benign neoplasms that present a painless course, and usually occur in the oromaxillo-fac"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1569364",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Peripheral ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor with the same histological characteristics as the centrally located ameloblastoma, but appearing in the gingiva and mucosa of the tooth-bearing area of the jaws."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31990904",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "BACKGROUND Ameloblastoma (AB) is a common odontogenic epithelial tumor, with locally invasive behavior and high recurrence."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30196986",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "Ameloblastoma(AB) is an aggressive and slow-growing tumor with high recurrence rate, which arises from odontogenic epithelium."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34508164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Ameloblastoma (AB) is the most common benign epithelial odontogenic tumor occurring in the jawbone."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14970780",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 223,
"offsetInEndSection": 351,
"text": "or growth. Ameloblastoma (AB) is a relatively common odontogenic epithelial neoplasm that manifests local infiltrative intraosse"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31674718",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is defined as a rare primary epithelial odontogenic malignant neoplasm and the malignant counterpart of benign epithelial odontogenic tumor of ameloblastoma (AB) by the WHO classification."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567699",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 82,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor that typically arises in the mandible or maxilla or, rarely, in the immediate adjacent soft tissues"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30420932",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 79,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "nic epithelial components with a mature fibrous stroma. It is the second most common odontogenic neoplasm following odontome. Acanthomatous ameloblast"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28187692",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive benign tumor, commonly occurring in the mandible"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27435007",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor predominantly occurring in patients who are in their 20s and 30s"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26261564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "BACKGROUND: The ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic epithelial tumor, which belong to benign neoplasms that present a painless course, and usually occur in the oromaxillo-facial region"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29274152",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma is a neoplasm classified as a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor of the jaws, grow slowly and are locally invasive"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995435",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma is a frequent odontogenic benign tumor characterized by local invasiveness, high risk of recurrence and occasional metastasis and malignant transformation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21968082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma is a rare benign odontogenic tumor with locally aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21371124",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor, exhibiting local invasiveness and high rate of recurrence"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29747056",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 653,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma is a rare benign odontogenic tumor with a metastasis rate estimated at 2% of cases, mainly involving the lung (80%) and lymph nodes (20%).METHODS: We hereby present the case of a 26 year old patient with a history of locally recurrent mandibular ameloblastoma who developed a temporal intracranial ameloblastoma tumor requiring a collaborative neurosurgical and maxillo-facial radical surgical approach.CONCLUSION: Although ameloblastomas are histologically benign, the temporal topography questions the dissemination pathophysiology of the tumor (metastasis or local extension through temporal muscle fibers), mainly relevant "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10895162",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 82,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is a histologically benign tumor derived from odontogenic apparatus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27099699",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumour that may exhibit aggressive biological behaviour with local recurrence and metastasis following initial surgica"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170964",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "Ameloblastomas are histologically benign tumors derived from the odontogenic apparatus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26015700",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor generally present in the jaw bone."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28212886",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive tumor derived from odontogenic epithelium."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051072",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "Ameloblastoma is the most common clinically significant epithelial odontogenic tumor, and is considered a benign but locally aggressive tumor of the craniofacial region."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21717310",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Ameloblastoma (AB), which is the most common odontogenic tumor, may originate from the dental lamina remnants."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6226317a3a8413c653000080
| 592 |
yesno
|
Is Adar3 involved in learning and memory?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Adar3 is involved in learning and memory in mice. Mice lacking exon 3 of Adar3 (which encodes two double stranded RNA binding domains) have increased levels of anxiety and deficits in hippocampus-dependent short- and long-term memory formation. RNA sequencing revealed a dysregulation of genes involved in synaptic function in the hippocampi of Adar3-deficient mice.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719497"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719497",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 49,
"text": "Adar3 Is Involved in Learning and Memory in Mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719497",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 265,
"offsetInEndSection": 1291,
"text": " The newest member of the A-I editing family of ADAR proteins, the vertebrate-specific ADAR3, is highly expressed in the brain, but its functional significance is unknown. In vitro studies have suggested that ADAR3 acts as a negative regulator of A-I RNA editing but the scope and underlying mechanisms are also unknown. Meta-analysis of published data indicates that mouse Adar3 expression is highest in the hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, and olfactory region. Consistent with this, we show that mice lacking exon 3 of Adar3 (which encodes two double stranded RNA binding domains) have increased levels of anxiety and deficits in hippocampus-dependent short- and long-term memory formation. RNA sequencing revealed a dysregulation of genes involved in synaptic function in the hippocampi of Adar3-deficient mice. We also show that ADAR3 transiently translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon KCl-mediated activation in SH-SY5Y cells. These results indicate that ADAR3 contributes to cognitive processes in mammals."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719497",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "Adar3 Is Involved in Learning and Memory in Mice.-deficient mice. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c5b2f4b1a4c55d80b000001
| 593 |
yesno
|
Are Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers approved for human use?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No, Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs) have not been approved for human use by the FDA and EMA, except for compassionate use. However, HBOCs have been approved for veterinary use in the European Union and the United States, and they are also being used for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union. Some HBOCs are still undergoing active clinical studies.', 'No, currently there are no Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs) that have been approved for human use by the FDA and EMA, except for compassionate use. However, Hemopure is in clinical use in South Africa and Russia, and HemO2life has recently been approved for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union.', 'No, Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers are not widely approved for human use. However, some products like Hemopure are in clinical use in South Africa and Russia, and HemO2life has been approved for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union. But none have been approved by the FDA and EMA, except for compassionate use.', "Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs) are not widely approved for human use. As of now, no HBOC has been approved by the FDA and EMA, except for compassionate use. However, some products like Hemopure are in clinical use in South Africa and Russia. HemO2life has also been approved for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union. Other products like OxyVita and Sanguinate are still undergoing active clinical studies. It's important to note that while these products are in use or under study, there is currently no widely accepted product used as an alternative to human blood in clinical settings with severe anemic conditions."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18694360",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18494389",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14562565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34776270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12783619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15168238",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31836032",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30177214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25697570",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17591302",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29592539",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11805546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17021438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31513123",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418449",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36443351",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11336435"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 118,
"offsetInEndSection": 257,
"text": "As of today, there is no widely accepted product used as an alternative to human blood in clinical settings with severe anemic condition(s)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 504,
"offsetInEndSection": 598,
"text": "products still in active clinical research in the category of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 739,
"offsetInEndSection": 1027,
"text": "Hemopure is in clinical use in South Africa and Russia. Oxyglobin, the sister product of Hemopure, has been approved for veterinary use in the European Union and the United States. HemO2life has recently been approved for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1028,
"offsetInEndSection": 1096,
"text": "OxyVita and Sanguinate are still undergoing active clinical studies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34776270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1301,
"offsetInEndSection": 1395,
"text": "Unfortunately, so far, no HBOC has been approved by FDA and EMA, except for compassionate use."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17021438",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 957,
"offsetInEndSection": 1347,
"text": "Safety and cost effectiveness are being evaluated for their use as an alternative to blood transfusion or along with other strategies of blood conservation in cardiac surgery.SUMMARY: One hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (Hemopure) has been approved for use in humans in South Africa as well as another hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (Gelenpol) and a perfluorocarbon (Perfluoron) in Russia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11336435",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1541,
"offsetInEndSection": 1839,
"text": "Four cross-linked hemoglobin products have been tested in Phase III clinical trials.CONCLUSION: While no product has yet been approved for clinical use, preliminary studies with oxygen therapeutics show promising results, with effective oxygen carrying capacity and acceptable side effect profiles."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31513123",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1229,
"offsetInEndSection": 1382,
"text": "Several of these HBOCs have undergone rigorous preclinical and clinical evaluation, but have not yet received clinical approval in the USA for human use."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11805546",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1365,
"offsetInEndSection": 1549,
"text": "While there is no FDA approved hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier approved for use in injured patients at this writing, phase III studies are currently either underway or being developed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17591302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 277,
"offsetInEndSection": 583,
"text": "No artificial oxygen carriers are currently approved for clinical use in the United States. Hemopure has been approved for use in South Africa. The companies producing Hemopure and PolyHeme, both of which are hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, have filed a Biologic License Application in the United States."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36443351",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "For the past thirty years, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been under development as a red blood cell substitute. Side-effects such as vasoconstriction, oxidative injury, and cardiac toxicity have prevented clinical approval of HBOCs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15168238",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 904,
"offsetInEndSection": 1020,
"text": "HBOC-201, which is a preparation of cell-free bovine hemoglobin, has been approved for clinical use in South Africa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418449",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 262,
"offsetInEndSection": 412,
"text": "Hemopure (HBOC-201, bovine Hb glutamer-250; OPK Biotech, Cambridge, MA), one such HBOC, has been approved for clinical use in South Africa and Russia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12783619",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1373,
"offsetInEndSection": 1604,
"text": "HBOC-201 is generally well-tolerated and is approved for use in South Africa, where it is indicated for use in adult surgical patients who are acutely anaemic, and is used to eliminate, delay or reduce the need for allogeneic RBCs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12783619",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1605,
"offsetInEndSection": 1690,
"text": "A Biologics License Application for HBOC-201 is currently under review by the US FDA."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14562565",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 436,
"offsetInEndSection": 544,
"text": "South Africa recently approved one HBOC for use as a transfusion alternative in patients with chronic anemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25697570",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Bovine-derived hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been investigated for use in humans (HBOC-201) and approved for veterinary medicine (HBOC-301)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29592539",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1198,
"offsetInEndSection": 1294,
"text": "Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are currently not Food and Drug Administration approved"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17591302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 277,
"offsetInEndSection": 420,
"text": "No artificial oxygen carriers are currently approved for clinical use in the United States. Hemopure has been approved for use in South Africa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31836032",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 429,
"text": "Hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been developed as alternative oxygen transporting formulations for the acute treatment of anemia and ischemia. Efficacy has been demonstrated in a variety of preclinical models and selected human patients; however, a higher overall incidence of mortality and myocardial infarction in those dosed with HBOCs in later stage clinical trials has prevented widespread regulatory approval."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11805546",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1235,
"offsetInEndSection": 1661,
"text": "There are at least three agents presently under development that use different techniques to alter the basic hemoglobin tetramer. While there is no FDA approved hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier approved for use in injured patients at this writing, phase III studies are currently either underway or being developed. There is high likelihood that one or more of these agents will be approved for clinical use in the near future."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15168238",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 606,
"offsetInEndSection": 1020,
"text": "HBOCs have been the most extensively studied and tested in preclinical and clinical trials that have shown success in diminishing the number of blood transfusions as well as an overall favorable side-effect profile. This has been demonstrated in vascular, cardiothoracic, and orthopaedic patients. HBOC-201, which is a preparation of cell-free bovine hemoglobin, has been approved for clinical use in South Africa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18494389",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 515,
"offsetInEndSection": 1252,
"text": "Preparations undergoing experimental and clinical assessment include Human Polymerized Haemoglobin (Polyheme), Polymerized Bovine Haemoglobin-based Oxygen Carrier (HBOC-201, Hemopure), Haemoglobin Raffimer (HemoLink), Diaspirin Cross-linked Haemoglobin (HemAssist), Human Recombinant Haemoglobin (rHb), Enzyme Cross-linked Poly-haemoglobin, Maleimide-activated Polyethylene-glycol Modified Haemoglobin (MP4, Hemospan), Zero-linked Haemoglobin (ZL-HbBv) and Recombinant Hybrid of Human-alpha-chains and Bovine-beta-chains and Perflubron (Oxygent). Research into some of these compounds has been discontinued, while others have advanced into clinical phase III trials, but none has achieved market approval for Europe, US or Canada so far."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11336435",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 791,
"offsetInEndSection": 1984,
"text": "ted in Phase III clinical trials. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are either cross-linked or microencapsulated hemoglobin molecules. Modification of the human hemoglobin molecule with intra- and inter-molecular cross-linking eliminates renal toxicity and improves the oxygen dissociation characteristics of the molecule. These modifications are necessary because stroma-free hemoglobin (Hb) does not release oxygen in the physiologic range and dissociates into dimers which can be rapidly filtered by the kidney, leading to renal toxicity. In addition to human Hb, bovine hemoglobin is another source of raw material for HBOC products. Recombinant human Hb has also been produced, using an E. coli expression system, for HBOC manufacturing. Four cross-linked hemoglobin products have been tested in Phase III clinical trials.CONCLUSION: While no product has yet been approved for clinical use, preliminary studies with oxygen therapeutics show promising results, with effective oxygen carrying capacity and acceptable side effect profiles. In the future, the formation of a hybrid product which combines the best features from several of the products currently undergoing development "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 739,
"offsetInEndSection": 794,
"text": "Hemopure is in clinical use in South Africa and Russia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 795,
"offsetInEndSection": 919,
"text": "Oxyglobin, the sister product of Hemopure, has been approved for veterinary use in the European Union and the United States."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 920,
"offsetInEndSection": 1027,
"text": "HemO2life has recently been approved for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31836032",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 261,
"offsetInEndSection": 429,
"text": "a higher overall incidence of mortality and myocardial infarction in those dosed with HBOCs in later stage clinical trials has prevented widespread regulatory approval."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17591302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 277,
"offsetInEndSection": 368,
"text": "No artificial oxygen carriers are currently approved for clinical use in the United States."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17591302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 369,
"offsetInEndSection": 420,
"text": "Hemopure has been approved for use in South Africa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36443351",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 128,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "Side-effects such as vasoconstriction, oxidative injury, and cardiac toxicity have prevented clinical approval of HBOCs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31513123",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1110,
"offsetInEndSection": 1581,
"text": "Hb-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) can potentially provide therapeutic oxygenation when blood or RBCs are not available. Several of these HBOCs have undergone rigorous preclinical and clinical evaluation, but have not yet received clinical approval in the USA for human use. While these designs are being optimized for clinical translations, several new HBOC designs and molecules have been reported in recent years, with unique properties. The current article will provide"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17021438",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1102,
"offsetInEndSection": 1479,
"text": "nservation in cardiac surgery.SUMMARY: One hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (Hemopure) has been approved for use in humans in South Africa as well as another hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (Gelenpol) and a perfluorocarbon (Perfluoron) in Russia. Phase III trials in Europe and North America will be concluded very soon. We anticipate seeing one or two products approved in Nort"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 432,
"offsetInEndSection": 1201,
"text": "In this article, we reviewed the most developed but failed products and products still in active clinical research in the category of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Among all of the discussed hemoglobin-based oxygen therapeutics, HemAssist, PolyHeme, Hemolink, Hemospan, and Hemoximer were discontinued. Hemopure is in clinical use in South Africa and Russia. Oxyglobin, the sister product of Hemopure, has been approved for veterinary use in the European Union and the United States. HemO2life has recently been approved for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union. OxyVita and Sanguinate are still undergoing active clinical studies. The field of oxygen therapeutics seems to be entering a phase of rapid growth in the coming 10-20 years."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30177214",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 392,
"offsetInEndSection": 1534,
"text": "With a worldwide shortage of donor blood that is expected to increase over time, the creation of oxygen-carriers with long storage life and compatibility without typing and cross-matching, persists as one of the foremost important challenges in biomedicine. However, research has so far failed to produce FDA approved RBCs substitutes (RBCSs) for human usage. As such, due to unacceptable toxicities, the first generation of oxygen-carriers has been withdrawn from the market. Being hemoglobin (Hb) the main component of RBCs, a lot of effort is being devoted in assembling semi-synthetic RBCS utilizing Hb as the oxygen-carrier component, the so-called Hb-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). However, a native RBC also contains a multi-enzyme system to prevent the conversion of Hb into non-functional methemoglobin (metHb). Thus, the challenge for the fabrication of next-generation HBOCs relies in creating a system that takes advantage of the excellent oxygen-carrying capabilities of Hb, while preserving the redox environment of native RBCs that prevents or reverts the conversion of Hb into metHb. In this review, we feature the most recent"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18694360",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 110,
"offsetInEndSection": 514,
"text": "Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) derived from purified human or bovine hemoglobin have been studied for clinical use and one product is currently available in the United States and European Union for veterinary use, and another in South Africa for human use.OBJECTIVE: HBOC-201, bovine purified hemoglobin crosslinked and polymerized with glutaraldehyde, has been studied extensively in patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099525",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 294,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": "Despite decades of research to develop hemoglobin (Hb) based oxygen (O2) carriers (HBOCs) as RBC substitutes, there are no products approved for clinical use."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 600,
"offsetInEndSection": 1027,
"text": "Among all of the discussed hemoglobin-based oxygen therapeutics, HemAssist, PolyHeme, Hemolink, Hemospan, and Hemoximer were discontinued. Hemopure is in clinical use in South Africa and Russia. Oxyglobin, the sister product of Hemopure, has been approved for veterinary use in the European Union and the United States. HemO2life has recently been approved for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union."
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
65f84b5ec4010b4d78000048
| 594 |
yesno
|
Is the protein product of the cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) a deubiquitinating enzyme?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['The cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) was identified as a tumor suppressor gene, which is mutated in familial cylindromatosis, an autosomal-dominant predisposition to multiple tumors of the skin appendages. CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme acting as a negative regulator of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by removing lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains from NF-κB activating proteins.', 'The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor (CYLD) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that has been implicated in various aspects of adaptive and innate immune responses. The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD has been identified as a key negative regulator for NF-kappaB. ', 'The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor (CYLD) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that has been implicated in various aspects of adaptive and innate immune responses. The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD has been identified as a key negative regulator for NF-kappaB. ', 'Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, the familial cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of proximal events in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.CYLD, a tumor suppressor gene, has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Loss of the deubiquitinating activity of CYLD is correlated with tumorigenesis.', 'Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, the familial cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of proximal events in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.CYLD, a tumor suppressor gene, has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Loss of the deubiquitinating activity of CYLD is correlated with tumorigenesis.', 'CYLD is a tumour-suppressor gene that is mutated in a benign skin tumour syndrome called cylindromatosis. The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling. ', 'CYLD is a tumour-suppressor gene that is mutated in a benign skin tumour syndrome called cylindromatosis. The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling. ', 'CYLD is a tumour-suppressor gene that is mutated in a benign skin tumour syndrome called cylindromatosis. The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling. ', 'CYLD is a tumour-suppressor gene that is mutated in a benign skin tumour syndrome called cylindromatosis. The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling. ', 'CYLD is a tumour-suppressor gene that is mutated in a benign skin tumour syndrome called cylindromatosis. The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling. ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066153",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22406061",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21931165",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21573132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21283724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20227366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19893491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18643924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17765686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17392286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16900776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20644164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17925880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21728169"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066153",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 365,
"text": "CYLD was originally identified as a tumor suppressor gene mutated in familial cylindromatosis, an autosomal dominant predisposition to multiple benign neoplasms of the skin known as cylindromas. The CYLD protein is a deubiquitinating enzyme that acts as a negative regulator of NF-κB and JNK signaling through its interaction with NEMO and TNFR-associated factor 2."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22406061",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 262,
"text": "CYLD, a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), is a critical regulator of diverse cellular processes, ranging from proliferation and differentiation to inflammatory responses, via regulating multiple key signaling cascades such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21931165",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 82,
"text": "CYLD is a lysine 63-deubiquitinating enzyme that inhibits NF-κB and JNK signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21573132",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "Tumor suppressor gene CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme which negatively regulates various signaling pathways by removing the lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains from several specific substrates."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21283724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor (CYLD) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that has been implicated in various aspects of adaptive and innate immune responses. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 426,
"text": "The cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) was identified as a tumor suppressor gene, which is mutated in familial cylindromatosis (Brooke-Spiegler syndrome), an autosomal-dominant predisposition to multiple tumors of the skin appendages. CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme acting as a negative regulator of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by removing lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains from NF-κB activating proteins. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20227366",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 470,
"text": "Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, the familial cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of proximal events in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19893491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 293,
"text": "CYLD is a tumour-suppressor gene that is mutated in a benign skin tumour syndrome called cylindromatosis. The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Cyld encodes a 956-amino acid deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD), which is a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18643924",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 402,
"offsetInEndSection": 498,
"text": "The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD has been identified as a key negative regulator for NF-kappaB. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497946",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 214,
"offsetInEndSection": 424,
"text": "CYLD, a tumor suppressor gene, has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Loss of the deubiquitinating activity of CYLD is correlated with tumorigenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17765686",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 645,
"offsetInEndSection": 794,
"text": "We show that dCYLD encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme that deubiquitinates dTRAF2 and prevents dTRAF2 from ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic degradation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495026",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 113,
"offsetInEndSection": 298,
"text": "The CYLD gene encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme that removes Lys-63-linked ubiquitin chains from I kappa B kinase signaling components and thereby inhibits NF-kappaB pathway activation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17392286",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 415,
"text": "Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) form a family of cysteine proteases that digests ubiquitin chains and reverses the process of protein ubiquitination. Despite the identification of a large number of DUBs, their physiological functions remain poorly defined. Here we provide genetic evidence that CYLD, a recently identified DUB, plays a crucial role in regulating the peripheral development and activation of B cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16900776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 398,
"text": "The cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene was originally identified as a tumor suppressor that is mutated in familial cylindromatosis, an autosomal dominant condition that confers a predisposition to multiple tumors of the skin appendages. CYLD has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Therefore, loss of CYLD function correlates with tumorigenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "Cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) is a ubiquitously expressed deubiquitinating enzyme, which interacts with members of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuates NF-κB and JNK signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20644164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene (Cyld) encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD) with immunoregulatory function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19893491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 104,
"offsetInEndSection": 292,
"text": "The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "Cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) is a ubiquitously expressed deubiquitinating enzyme, which interacts with members of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuates NF-κB and JNK signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18245814",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 124,
"offsetInEndSection": 287,
"text": "Here, we examined the potential role of the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD (cylindromatosis), mutation of which has been reported to cause familial cylindromatosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17925880",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 311,
"offsetInEndSection": 530,
"text": "The deubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis (CYLD), loss of which was originally reported to cause a benign human syndrome called cylindromatosis, has been identified as a key negative regulator for NF-kappaB in vitro."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20644164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene (Cyld) encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD) with immunoregulatory function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18245814",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 124,
"offsetInEndSection": 287,
"text": "Here, we examined the potential role of the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD (cylindromatosis), mutation of which has been reported to cause familial cylindromatosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17925880",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 311,
"offsetInEndSection": 530,
"text": "The deubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis (CYLD), loss of which was originally reported to cause a benign human syndrome called cylindromatosis, has been identified as a key negative regulator for NF-kappaB in vitro."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20644164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene (Cyld) encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD) with immunoregulatory function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19893491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 106,
"offsetInEndSection": 293,
"text": "The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "Cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) is a ubiquitously expressed deubiquitinating enzyme, which interacts with members of the NF-�B signaling pathway and attenuates NF-�B and JNK signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Cyld encodes a 956-amino acid deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD), which is a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22406061",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 262,
"text": "CYLD, a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), is a critical regulator of diverse cellular processes, ranging from proliferation and differentiation to inflammatory responses, via regulating multiple key signaling cascades such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053834",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "Cylindromatosis (CYLD) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that is altered in patients with familial cylindromatosis, a condition characterized by numerous benign adnexal tumors."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20227366",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 470,
"text": "Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, the familial cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of proximal events in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12917689",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation by TNFR family members."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Cyld encodes a 956-amino acid deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD), which is a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20227366",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 292,
"offsetInEndSection": 468,
"text": "Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, the familial cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of proximal events in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "Cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) is a ubiquitously expressed deubiquitinating enzyme, which interacts with members of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuates NF-κB and JNK signaling"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract",
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"text": "The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling"
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{
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"endSection": "abstract",
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"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene (Cyld) encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD) with immunoregulatory function"
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{
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"endSection": "abstract",
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"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "Cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) is a ubiquitously expressed deubiquitinating enzyme, which interacts with members of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuates NF-κB and JNK signaling"
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{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21728169",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene (Cyld) encodes an enzyme (CYLD) with deubiquitinating activity that has been implicated in the regulation of thymocyte selection in an NF-κB-essential-modulator (NEMO)-dependent manner"
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{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20227366",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 469,
"text": "Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, the familial cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of proximal events in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 228,
"offsetInEndSection": 424,
"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme acting as a negative regulator of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by removing lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains from NF-κB activating proteins"
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{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497946",
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"text": "CYLD, a tumor suppressor gene, has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB"
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12917689",
"endSection": "title",
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"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation by TNFR family members."
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{
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"text": "The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling"
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{
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"endSection": "abstract",
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"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene (Cyld) encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD) with immunoregulatory function"
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{
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"endSection": "abstract",
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"offsetInEndSection": 469,
"text": "Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, the familial cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of proximal events in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling"
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{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18245814",
"endSection": "abstract",
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"text": "Here, we examined the potential role of the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD (cylindromatosis), mutation of which has been reported to cause familial cylindromatosis"
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"endSection": "abstract",
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"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme acting as a negative regulator of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by removing lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains from NF-κB activating proteins"
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"text": "CYLD, a tumor suppressor gene, has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB"
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"text": "Cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) is a ubiquitously expressed deubiquitinating enzyme, which interacts with members of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuates NF-κB and JNK signaling"
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"text": "Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, the familial cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of proximal events in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling"
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"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme acting as a negative regulator of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by removing lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains from NF-κB activating proteins"
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"text": "CYLD has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB"
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"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation by TNFR family members."
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"text": "The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling"
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"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene (Cyld) encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD) with immunoregulatory function"
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"text": "Cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) is a ubiquitously expressed deubiquitinating enzyme, which interacts with members of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuates NF-κB and JNK signaling"
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{
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"endSection": "abstract",
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"offsetInEndSection": 424,
"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme acting as a negative regulator of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by removing lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains from NF-κB activating proteins"
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"text": "CYLD, a tumor suppressor gene, has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB"
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"text": "CYLD has deubiquitinating enzyme activity and inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB"
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"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation by TNFR family members."
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"endSection": "abstract",
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"text": "The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling"
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"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene (Cyld) encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme (CYLD) with immunoregulatory function"
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"text": "Cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) is a ubiquitously expressed deubiquitinating enzyme, which interacts with members of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuates NF-κB and JNK signaling"
},
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21728169",
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"text": "The cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene (Cyld) encodes an enzyme (CYLD) with deubiquitinating activity that has been implicated in the regulation of thymocyte selection in an NF-κB-essential-modulator (NEMO)-dependent manner"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 469,
"text": "Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, the familial cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of proximal events in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling"
},
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 228,
"offsetInEndSection": 424,
"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme acting as a negative regulator of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by removing lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains from NF-κB activating proteins"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12917689",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation by TNFR family members."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SSEL_SALPB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SSEL_SALPA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SSEL_SALTI",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SSEL_SALCH",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYLD_PONAB",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0004843",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016579"
] |
[] |
550aef0ec2af5d5b7000000a
| 595 |
yesno
|
Can tacrolimus increase risk of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Tacrolimus is associated with increase risk of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678391",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30602365",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23331314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28190435",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36728342",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35990782",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12823354",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36329183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20171145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36398875",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23460378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24405697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23290027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19096887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29993355",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35469414",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30506735",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35074159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37120321"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36728342",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 168,
"offsetInEndSection": 439,
"text": "This study investigated tacrolimus PK in a 2-year-old post-renal transplant patient and a known CYP3A5 expresser who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and had significantly elevated tacrolimus blood concentrations during tacrolimus treatment. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36728342",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1636,
"offsetInEndSection": 1836,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to demonstrate acutely decreased tacrolimus clearance in PRES, likely caused by the downregulation of metabolizing enzymes in response to inflammatory cytokines. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36398875",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1073,
"offsetInEndSection": 1157,
"text": "CONCLUSION: Renal insufficiency and high tacrolimus levels are associated with PRES."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35469414",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 502,
"text": "We present a clinical case in the field of liver transplantation where tacrolimus neurotoxicity may play a relevant role in the development of this syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36329183",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1269,
"offsetInEndSection": 1469,
"text": "The main drug classes involved were antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents and the drugs with the greatest number of cases were tacrolimus, cyclosporin, bevacizumab, methotrexate, and vincristine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37120321",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 281,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": "Neurologic side effects attributed to tacrolimus include headaches, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), or reversible cerebral vasospasm syndrome (RCVS). "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35990782",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 144,
"text": "Late presentation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following liver transplantation in the setting of tacrolimus and cannabis use."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37120321",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 281,
"offsetInEndSection": 450,
"text": "Neurologic side effects attributed to tacrolimus include headaches, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), or reversible cerebral vasospasm syndrome (RCVS)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36728342",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Model-Informed Estimation of Acutely Decreased Tacrolimus Clearance and Subsequent Dose Individualization in a Pediatric Renal Transplant Patient With Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23290027",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 235,
"text": "We report on tacrolimus-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with the previously unreported finding of leptomeningeal enhancement occurring separate from the site of parenchymal magnetic resonance signal abnormality."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29993355",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 871,
"offsetInEndSection": 1074,
"text": "In these patients, the tacrolimus dose is reduced or discontinued. In transplant patients with neurologic symptoms, the possibility of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome should be kept in mind."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23290027",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 422,
"text": "We report on tacrolimus-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with the previously unreported finding of leptomeningeal enhancement occurring separate from the site of parenchymal magnetic resonance signal abnormality. Recognition of this atypical finding as a noninfectious cause of leptomeningeal enhancement may assist those caring for patients affected by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23290027",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Isolated leptomeningeal enhancement in tacrolimus-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678391",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "Tacrolimus associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome - a case series and review."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19096887",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "PRES (posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome), a rare complication of tacrolimus therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 847,
"offsetInEndSection": 1015,
"text": "The focus of this review is to enhance clinical recognition of PRES as it is related to an adverse effect of Tacrolimus in the setting of hematopoietic transplantation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 702,
"offsetInEndSection": 846,
"text": "We report three cases of PRES in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) placed on tacrolimus after receiving a bone marrow transplant (BMT)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29993355",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "A Late Complication Occurring Due to Tacrolimus After Liver Transplant: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30602365",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1444,
"offsetInEndSection": 1731,
"text": "This report highlights tacrolimus as a potential trigger of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and may inform clinical decisions regarding tacrolimus administration in liver transplant recipients with preexisting or newly developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23460378",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Tacrolimus-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a potential complication of allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23331314",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1481,
"text": "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder characterized by gray and white matter abnormalities in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of the brain. Its etiology has been attributed to renal failure, immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, and other potential entities leading to acute hypertension. Clinical findings include headaches, altered mental status, seizures, visual changes, and focal neurologic deficits. We report the case of a child who developed PRES with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages associated with tacrolimus exposure 10 days after heart transplantation for restrictive cardiomyopathy. The patient initially presented with complex partial seizures, headache, agitation, and hypertension. Head MRI was suggestive of PRES along with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages. Tacrolimus was discontinued and blood pressure was controlled. The patient's encephalopathy resolved, but he has had ongoing neurologic symptoms secondary to hemorrhage. Generally, PRES is less common in children than in the adult population and is a rare complication of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). Presentation with secondary hemorrhage also can occur. In children receiving CNIs presenting with new neurologic symptoms, PRES should be considered as prompt discontinuation of the offending agent can induce resolution of symptoms. Children can develop hemorrhage in the context of PRES, leading to increased morbidity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12823354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 70,
"offsetInEndSection": 345,
"text": "From April 1998 to December 2001, we identified 10 patients (six women, four men) who developed 11 episodes of tacrolimus-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancies."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12823354",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "Tacrolimus-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35074159",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Tacrolimus-related neurotoxicity is a serious complication. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, which is severe neuroto"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 717,
"text": "Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug mainly used to lower the risk of transplant rejection in individuals who are post solid organ or hematopoietic transplantation. It is a macrolide which reduces peptidyl-propyl isomerase activity and inhibits calcineurin, thus inhibiting T-lymphocyte signal transduction and interleukin-2 (IL-2) transcription. It has been associated with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES), a disease of sudden onset that can present as a host of different symptoms, depending on the affected area of the brain. While infectious causes of encephalopathy must always be entertained, the differential diagnosis should also include PRES in the appropriate context. We report three"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23331314",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 604,
"text": "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder characterized by gray and white matter abnormalities in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of the brain. Its etiology has been attributed to renal failure, immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, and other potential entities leading to acute hypertension. Clinical findings include headaches, altered mental status, seizures, visual changes, and focal neurologic deficits. We report the case of a child who developed PRES with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages associated with tacrolimus exposure 10"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30506735",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 207,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an increasingly recognized serious complication of cyclosporine A (CSA) and tacrolimus (TAC) use in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24405697",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "Alternative tacrolimus and sirolimus regimen associated with rapid resolution of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after lung transplantation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28190435",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 474,
"offsetInEndSection": 754,
"text": "Drug neurotoxicity accounts for a significant proportion of complications, with posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome, primarily associated with calcineurin inhibitors (i.e., cyclosporine and tacrolimus), being prominent as a cause of seizures and neurologic deficits."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37120321",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 281,
"offsetInEndSection": 451,
"text": "Neurologic side effects attributed to tacrolimus include headaches, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), or reversible cerebral vasospasm syndrome (RCVS)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30602365",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1399,
"offsetInEndSection": 1549,
"text": "c vessels and subsequent hepatic infarction. This report highlights tacrolimus as a potential trigger of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29993355",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 532,
"offsetInEndSection": 937,
"text": "Causative factors include hypertensive encephalopathy, renal failure, preeclampsia, autoimmune conditions, and the use of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive agents. Rare cases of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to treatment with tacrolimus, an immunosuppressive agent commonly used after organ transplant, have been reported. In these patients, the tacrolimus dose is reduced or discontinued."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23331314",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 351,
"text": "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder characterized by gray and white matter abnormalities in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of the brain. Its etiology has been attributed to renal failure, immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, and other potential entities leading to acute hypertension."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20171145",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 166,
"text": "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is known to occur after solid organ transplantation, and is caused by immunosuppressive agents such as tacrolimus."
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
65cfe0381930410b13000029
| 596 |
yesno
|
Can tetracycline affect tooth formation?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Tetracycline is incorporated in the teeth during their formation and leads to their permanent staining. A definite relationship between total dosage and staining and duration of administration and staining was established; the condition occurred with greater frequency (in more than one-third of the children) when the total dosage exceeded 3 g. or the duration of treatment was longer than 10 days.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3855899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6829791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/737550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5447715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1410257"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3855899",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 149,
"offsetInEndSection": 379,
"text": "he results of that study, reported earlier (Rebich et al., 1983), indicated that over one-fifth of the American Indian children had discoloration of the dentition due to ingestion of tetracycline during the years of tooth formatio"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6829791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "ale Wistar rats prelabeled with tetracycline to mark surfaces of bone and tooth formation-mineralization were placed into orbit for 18.5 days aboard the Soviet COSMOS-1129 Biosatellit"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/737550",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 195,
"offsetInEndSection": 360,
"text": "It was concluded that the increased tetracycline incorporation reflected a higher rate of mineralization associated with faster tooth formation in the unimpeded toot"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5447715",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 237,
"text": "n this investigation an attempt has been made to determine the relationship between the staining of permanent teeth by tetracycline administered during the period of tooth formation with the dosage of the drug and the duration of therap"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5447715",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 494,
"offsetInEndSection": 787,
"text": " definite relationship between total dosage and staining and duration of administration and staining was established; the condition occurred with greater frequency (in more than one-third of the children) when the total dosage exceeded 3 g. or the duration of treatment was longer than 10 days"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1410257",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 120,
"offsetInEndSection": 292,
"text": "This case report suggests the possibility that discoloration from tetracycline may not be limited to tooth development in the child, but may also affect the adult dentition"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013752",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013754",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014070",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014076",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014071",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4272839",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1091"
] |
[] |
530cf4fe960c95ad0c000009
| 597 |
yesno
|
Is PER3 required for CHK2 activation in human cells?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Per3 gene, involved in circadian rhythm control, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells.', 'Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells.Per3 overexpression induced Chk2 activation in the absence of exogenous DNA damage,', 'Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells.Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells.', 'Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells.Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells.', 'Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells.Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells.', 'Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells. ', 'Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells. ', 'Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells. ', 'Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells. ', 'Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells. ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 96,
"offsetInEndSection": 233,
"text": "Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 376,
"text": "Per3 overexpression induced Chk2 activation in the absence of exogenous DNA damage,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 414,
"offsetInEndSection": 508,
"text": "Per3 overexpression also led to the inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 509,
"offsetInEndSection": 660,
"text": "These combined results suggest that Per3 is a checkpoint protein that plays important roles in checkpoint activation, cell proliferation and apoptosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells."
},
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 96,
"offsetInEndSection": 233,
"text": "Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 96,
"offsetInEndSection": 233,
"text": "Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 96,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 96,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 412,
"text": "Per3 overexpression induced Chk2 activation in the absence of exogenous DNA damage, and this activation depended on ATM"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 234,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "In addition, Per3 physically interacted with ATM and Chk2"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 96,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 412,
"text": "Per3 overexpression induced Chk2 activation in the absence of exogenous DNA damage, and this activation depended on ATM"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 234,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "In addition, Per3 physically interacted with ATM and Chk2"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 96,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 412,
"text": "Per3 overexpression induced Chk2 activation in the absence of exogenous DNA damage, and this activation depended on ATM"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D064447",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CHK2_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PER3_HUMAN"
] |
[] |
5357b5ecf1005d6b58000007
| 598 |
yesno
|
Is there any association between Jarid2 and miR-155 in Th17 cells?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Activation-induced miR-155 targets the chromatin protein Jarid2 to regulate proinflammatory cytokine production in T helper 17 cells.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Jarid2 links MicroRNA and chromatin in Th17 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "In this issue of Immunity, Escobar et al. (2014) bring microRNAs and chromatin together by showing how activation-induced miR-155 targets the chromatin protein Jarid2 to regulate proinflammatory cytokine production in T helper 17 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 340,
"offsetInEndSection": 1032,
"text": "Mir155 was bound by Th17 cell transcription factors and was highly expressed during Th17 cell differentiation. miR-155-deficient Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells expressed increased amounts of Jarid2, a DNA-binding protein that recruits the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to chromatin. PRC2 binding to chromatin and H3K27 histone methylation was increased in miR-155-deficient cells, coinciding with failure to express Il22, Il10, Il9, and Atf3. Defects in Th17 cell cytokine expression and Treg cell homeostasis in the absence of Mir155 could be partially suppressed by Jarid2 deletion. Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Jarid2 links MicroRNA and chromatin in Th17 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1026,
"offsetInEndSection": 1122,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Jarid2 links MicroRNA and chromatin in Th17 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1026,
"offsetInEndSection": 1122,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 936,
"offsetInEndSection": 1032,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 936,
"offsetInEndSection": 1032,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 936,
"offsetInEndSection": 1032,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 936,
"offsetInEndSection": 1032,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 936,
"offsetInEndSection": 1032,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 795,
"offsetInEndSection": 1033,
"text": "Defects in Th17 cell cytokine expression and Treg cell homeostasis in the absence of Mir155 could be partially suppressed by Jarid2 deletion. Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Jarid2 links MicroRNA and chromatin in Th17 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 937,
"offsetInEndSection": 1033,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Jarid2 links MicroRNA and chromatin in Th17 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 937,
"offsetInEndSection": 1033,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Jarid2 links MicroRNA and chromatin in Th17 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 937,
"offsetInEndSection": 1033,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Jarid2 links MicroRNA and chromatin in Th17 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
},
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 937,
"offsetInEndSection": 1033,
"text": "Thus, miR-155 contributes to Th17 cell function by suppressing the inhibitory effects of Jarid2."
},
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950205",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Jarid2 links MicroRNA and chromatin in Th17 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856900",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "miR-155 activates cytokine gene expression in Th17 cells by regulating the DNA-binding protein Jarid2 to relieve polycomb-mediated repression."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058504",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/JARD2_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/JARD2_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/JARD2_HUMAN",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000316",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0072538",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000317",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000318",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018417"
] |
[] |
56b8f28a156496395c000006
| 599 |
yesno
|
Is Selinexor effective for multiple myeloma?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, Selinexor is effective for multiple myeloma.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31433920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29203585",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31793336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352784",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31332020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31429063",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29381435",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28596644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29610030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29257139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668761",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29876006"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29203585",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Safety and efficacy of selinexor in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29203585",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1406,
"offsetInEndSection": 1611,
"text": "Based on these findings, we conclude that selinexor in combination with dexamethasone is active in heavily pretreated MM and propose a RP2D of 45 mg/m2 (80 mg) plus 20 mg dexamethasone given twice weekly. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29257139",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1416,
"offsetInEndSection": 1555,
"text": "Selinexor, an Exportin-1 inhibitor, yielded promising results in quad- or penta-refractory MM including patients resistant to daratumumab. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29381435",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Selective Inhibition of Nuclear Export With Oral Selinexor for Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29381435",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1603,
"offsetInEndSection": 1768,
"text": "Conclusion The combination of selinexor and dexamethasone has an ORR of 21% in patients with heavily pretreated, refractory myeloma with limited therapeutic options."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29610030",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 646,
"offsetInEndSection": 1067,
"text": "Selinexor (KPT-330) is the first-in-human SINE compound. Early phase clinical trials have established the safety profile of this agent and have shown promising efficacy in combination with low-dose dexamethasone and other anti-MM agents. The combination of selinexor and dexamethasone has demonstrated activity in \"penta-refractory\" MM, (ie, MM refractory to the 5 most active anti-MM agents currently used in treatment)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29876006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 254,
"offsetInEndSection": 439,
"text": "We found that DEX in combination with selinexor, an inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1) activity, synergistically inhibits the mTOR pathway and subsequently promotes cell death in MM cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29876006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1108,
"offsetInEndSection": 1260,
"text": "The current findings are consistent with the beneficial therapeutic outcome in patients with MM when treated with the combination of selinexor and DEX. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352784",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "Selinexor plus low-dose bortezomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352784",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 283,
"text": "Selinexor is an oral inhibitor of the nuclear export protein exportin 1 (XPO1). Preclinical studies demonstrated synergistic antimyeloma activity between selinexor and proteasome inhibitors (PI) though suppression of NFκB signaling and nuclear retention of tumor suppressor proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668761",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 120,
"offsetInEndSection": 462,
"text": "Targeting XPO1 with selinexor (the selective inhibitor of nuclear export; SINE compound KPT-330) demonstrates broad antitumor activity also in patient cells resistant to bortezomib; hence, it is a promising target in MM patients. Hypoxia is known to mediate tumor progression and drug resistance (including bortezomib resistance) in MM cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668761",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 957,
"offsetInEndSection": 1234,
"text": "Selinexor, used as a single agent, delayed tumor initiation and tumor progression, prolonging mice survival. In bortezomib-resistant xenografts, selinexor overcame drug resistance, significantly decreasing tumor burden and extending mice survival when combined with bortezomib."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28596644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 891,
"offsetInEndSection": 1114,
"text": "The responses seen with venetoclax in RRMM with t(11;14)(high BCL-2, low BCL-XL and MCL-1) and selinexor in penta-refractory myeloma which fulfills the FDA category of unmet need, opens up newer options for these patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31332020",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "The FDA granted accelerated approval to selinexor plus low-dose dexamethasone for triple-class refractory multiple myeloma , despite an advisory panel 's concerns about the drug 's toxicity and the lack of randomized clinical data ."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31429063",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 177,
"offsetInEndSection": 370,
"text": "Selinexor ( in combination with dexamethasone ) received accelerated approval in the USA in July 2019 for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma ( RRMM) . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31433920",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1967,
"offsetInEndSection": 2115,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS\nSelinexor-dexamethasone resulted in objective treatment responses in patients with myeloma refractory to currently available therapies."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31793336",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Selinexor: A First-in-Class Nuclear Export Inhibitor for Management of Multiply Relapsed Multiple Myeloma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31793336",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of selinexor for management of relapsed multiple myeloma (MM)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31429063",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 170,
"offsetInEndSection": 358,
"text": "Selinexor (in combination with dexamethasone) received accelerated approval in the USA in July 2019 for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e30f494fbd6abf43b000044
| 600 |
yesno
|
Can enasidenib be used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, enasidenib has been approved for the treatment of adults with relapsed and refracctory acture myelogenous leukemia with an IDH2 mutation.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29770715"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29770715",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 222,
"text": "In August 2017, the United States Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved enasidenib (Idhifa, Celgene/Agios) for adults with relapsed and refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with an IDH2 mutation. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c6587d77c78d69471000005
| 601 |
yesno
|
Are Sidekick proteins members of the immunoglobulin superfamily?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, sidekick are cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15703275"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216854",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 523,
"offsetInEndSection": 708,
"text": "Here we show that four closely related immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) adhesion molecules--Dscam (Down's syndrome cell adhesion molecule), DscamL (refs 6-9), Sidekick-1 and Sidekick-2"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15703275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "Sidekick-1, a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is up-regulated in glomerular podocytes in the collapsing glomerulopathy of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN)."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
5709e947cf1c32585100001d
| 602 |
yesno
|
Can whole genome sequencing be used for diagnosis of mitochondrial disease?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Whole genome sequencing is a useful diagnostic test in patients with suspected mitochondrial disorders, yielding a diagnosis in a further 31% after exclusion of common causes. Most diagnoses were non-mitochondrial disorders and included developmental disorders with intellectual disability, epileptic encephalopathies, other metabolic disorders, cardiomyopathies, and leukodystrophies. These would have been missed if a targeted approach was taken, and some have specific treatments.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34732400"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34732400",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1410,
"offsetInEndSection": 1893,
"text": "Whole genome sequencing is a useful diagnostic test in patients with suspected mitochondrial disorders, yielding a diagnosis in a further 31% after exclusion of common causes. Most diagnoses were non-mitochondrial disorders and included developmental disorders with intellectual disability, epileptic encephalopathies, other metabolic disorders, cardiomyopathies, and leukodystrophies. These would have been missed if a targeted approach was taken, and some have specific treatments."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
62068e67c9dfcb9c09000038
| 603 |
yesno
|
Can parasite infections by Schistosoma japonicum prevent or improve asthma?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['A peptide named as SJMHE1 from Schistosoma japonicum can suppress asthma in mice.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31496071",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34703270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34358648",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614408",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17042799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18654798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34169075"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31496071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Helminths and their products can shape immune responses by modulating immune cells, which are dysfunctional in inflammatory diseases such as asthm"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31496071",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 suppresses airway inflammation of allergic asthma in mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614408",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Schistosoma japonicum infection downregulates house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614408",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1091,
"offsetInEndSection": 1294,
"text": "To our knowledge, it is the first study to reveal the impact of S. japonicum infection on house dust mite induced severe asthma. More in depth investigation is need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840774",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Novel T-cell epitopes on Schistosoma japonicum SjP40 protein and their preventive effect on allergic asthma in mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 845,
"offsetInEndSection": 1022,
"text": "hese results reveal a novel form of immune protective mechanism, which may play an important role in the modulating effect of helminth infection on allergic asthmatic reactions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 597,
"offsetInEndSection": 843,
"text": "Using a panel of overlapping peptides, we identified T-cell epitopes on SjP40 protein of Schistosoma japonicum, which can induce Th1 cytokine and inhibit the production of Th2 cytokines and airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34703270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "Helminths and their products can regulate immune response and offer new strategies to control and alleviate inflammation, including asthma."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34703270",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "SJMHE1 Peptide from Schistosoma japonicum Inhibits Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance via miR-155."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34703270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 149,
"offsetInEndSection": 254,
"text": "We previously found that a peptide named as SJMHE1 from Schistosoma japonicum can suppress asthma in mice"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 608,
"offsetInEndSection": 855,
"text": "el of overlapping peptides, we identified T-cell epitopes on SjP40 protein of Schistosoma japonicum, which can induce Th1 cytokine and inhibit the production of Th2 cytokines and airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. These resul"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18654798",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 268,
"text": "has been shown that helminth infections including Schistosoma mansoni may modulate atopic diseases including asthma. I"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614408",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Schistosoma japonicum infection downregulates house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614408",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1109,
"offsetInEndSection": 1237,
"text": "it is the first study to reveal the impact of S. japonicum infection on house dust mite induced severe asthma. More in depth inv"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614408",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 402,
"offsetInEndSection": 675,
"text": "s study, we investigated the impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection on the allergic airway inflammation induced by repeated intracheal inoculations of house dust mites (HDM), which is a Th17 and neutrophils dominant murine asthma model, mimicking severe asthma. We found"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34169075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Schistosoma japonicum infection showed protective effects against allergic airway inflammation (AAI)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17042799",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 152,
"offsetInEndSection": 384,
"text": "Therefore, we hypothesize that Schistosoma japonicum egg antigens, a type of native antigen, can induce production of CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells with regulatory activity, modulating airway inflammation and inhibiting asthma development."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18654798",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Schistosoma japonicum infection modulates the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation in mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18654798",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 147,
"offsetInEndSection": 266,
"text": "It has been shown that helminth infections including Schistosoma mansoni may modulate atopic diseases including asthma."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17042799",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Schistosoma japonicum egg antigens stimulate CD4 CD25 T cells and modulate airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34169075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 229,
"offsetInEndSection": 511,
"text": "Most previous studies focused on understanding the preventive effect of S. japonicum infection on asthma (infection before allergen sensitization), whereas the protective effects of S. japonicum infection (allergen sensitization before infection) on asthma were rarely investigated."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34169075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1619,
"offsetInEndSection": 1739,
"text": "In conclusion, our data showed that lung-stage S. japonicum infection could relieve OVA-induced asthma in a mouse model."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34169075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 512,
"offsetInEndSection": 641,
"text": "In this study, we investigated the protective effects of S. japonicum infection on AAI using a mouse model of OVA-induced asthma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18654798",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 972,
"offsetInEndSection": 1122,
"text": " prior to OVA immunization. These results suggest that both bisexual and male S. japonicum infections may modulate the development of allergic asthma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 699,
"offsetInEndSection": 849,
"text": "aponicum, which can induce Th1 cytokine and inhibit the production of Th2 cytokines and airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. These"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34358648",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 455,
"offsetInEndSection": 605,
"text": "ve found that Schistosoma infection or Schistosoma related products can improve or prevent some immune and inflammatory diseases, such as severe asthm"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614408",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 904,
"offsetInEndSection": 1090,
"text": "Our findings indicated that S. japonicum infection was able to effectively inhibit host's allergic airway inflammation, which may be related to the upregulated Treg cells upon infection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18654798",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1000,
"offsetInEndSection": 1122,
"text": "These results suggest that both bisexual and male S. japonicum infections may modulate the development of allergic asthma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34169075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 936,
"offsetInEndSection": 1069,
"text": "We found that lung-stage S. japonicum infection significantly ameliorated OVA-induced AAI, whereas post-lung-stage infection did not."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17042799",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1201,
"offsetInEndSection": 1378,
"text": "In a murine model of asthma, S. japonicum egg antigens decreased the expression of Th2 cytokines, relieved antigen-induced airway inflammation, and inhibited asthma development."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614408",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 667,
"offsetInEndSection": 745,
"text": "We found that S. japonicum infection downregulated airway hyperresponsiveness."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34358648",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 419,
"offsetInEndSection": 655,
"text": "However, in recent years, studies have found that Schistosoma infection or Schistosoma related products can improve or prevent some immune and inflammatory diseases, such as severe asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and so on."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824533",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "In areas where schistosomiasis is endemic, a negative correlation is observed between atopy and helminth infection, associated with a low prevalence of asthma."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
622f6ad13a8413c6530000aa
| 604 |
yesno
|
Is cathepsin L active in endosomes?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['yes,\nCathepsin L is found in the Late Endosome/Lysosome.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343556",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22238299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26953343",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733646"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26953343",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 42,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "Cathepsin L in the Late Endosome/Lysosome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733646",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 235,
"offsetInEndSection": 256,
"text": "endosomal cathepsin L"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343556",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 363,
"offsetInEndSection": 566,
"text": "Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting investigations revealed the presence of cathepsin L in the nuclear compartment in addition to its expected endo-lysosomal localization in colorectal carcinoma cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22238299",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 276,
"offsetInEndSection": 332,
"text": "cleavage by the endosomal/lysosomal protease cathepsin L"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e8101e3835f4e477700002e
| 605 |
yesno
|
Is Niraparib effective for ovarian cancer?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Niraparib is an oral poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the maintenance treatment of women with recurrent ovarian cancer who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29251678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28474297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29081841",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29327913",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30073633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29397193",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27810860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29911447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28994564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30293481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28299955"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28994564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 920,
"offsetInEndSection": 1064,
"text": "Niraparib and olaparib have been approved by the US FDA for maintenance therapy after partial or complete remission in recurrent ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29251678",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 383,
"text": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The recent United States Food and Drug Administration approvals of niraparib and olaparib as maintenance monotherapy for platinum-sensitive, high-grade ovarian cancers independent of BRCA status reflect a willingness to seek indications for poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors beyond cancers with deleterious breast cancer 1 and breast cancer 2 mutations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322231",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 239,
"text": "PURPOSE: Niraparib is a highly selective inhibitor of PARP-1 and PARP-2 approved in the United States for maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent ovarian cancer in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29327913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 615,
"offsetInEndSection": 783,
"text": "Indeed, three PARP1 inhibitors (Olaparib, Rucaparib, and Niraparib) have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29397193",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 361,
"text": "Niraparib is an oral poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that is currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) as well as recently approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the maintenance treatment of women with recurrent ovarian cancer who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30293481",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 716,
"offsetInEndSection": 913,
"text": "Niraparib is a poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitor that has shown to be clinically effective as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717299",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "Niraparib Maintenance Therapy in Platinum-Sensitive, Recurrent Ovarian Cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29911447",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 46,
"text": "Niraparib for the treatment of ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717299",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "BACKGROUND\n\nNiraparib is an oral poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1/2 inhibitor that has shown clinical activity in patients with ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27810860",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 43,
"text": "Niraparib Slows Ovarian Cancer Progression."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28299955",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 46,
"text": "Niraparib for the treatment of ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29911447",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 282,
"text": "INTRODUCTION\n\nNiraparib, an orally available selective inhibitor of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), is the first PARP inhibitor approved for use in patients with ovarian cancer who do not harbor a germ-line or somatic mutation in the breast cancer gene (BRCA)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29911447",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 494,
"offsetInEndSection": 688,
"text": "The role of niraparib as maintenance following frontline platinum-based chemotherapy as well as in the treatment of recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer is an active area of investigation."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29081841",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 68,
"text": "Niraparib in ovarian cancer: results to date and clinical potential."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29911447",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 275,
"text": "Niraparib , an orally available selective inhibitor of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose ) polymerase ( PARP) , is the first PARP inhibitor approved for use in patients with ovarian cancer who do not harbor a germ-line or somatic mutation in the breast cancer gene ( BRCA) . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27810860",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "Results from a phase III trial indicate that maintenance therapy with the PARP inhibitor niraparib is more effective than placebo in slowing the progression of recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30073633",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 275,
"text": "Niraparib (Zejula®), a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, is approved for the maintenance treatment of recurrent, epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in patients who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29911447",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "Niraparib, an orally available selective inhibitor of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), is the first PARP inhibitor approved for use in patients with ovarian cancer who do not harbor a germ-line or somatic mutation in the breast cancer gene (BRCA)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30073633",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1085,
"offsetInEndSection": 1372,
"text": "Current evidence suggests that niraparib is an effective new option with a manageable tolerability profile for the maintenance treatment of recurrent, platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in adults, with or without BRCA1/2 mutation or HRD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28474297",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 325,
"text": "Oral niraparib, a highly-selective, potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP-2 inhibitor, is approved in the USA for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28474297",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 968,
"offsetInEndSection": 1203,
"text": "This article summarizes the milestones in the development of niraparib leading to its first global approval for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30073633",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 274,
"text": "Niraparib (Zejula ), a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, is approved for the maintenance treatment of recurrent, epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in patients who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29911447",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 282,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Niraparib, an orally available selective inhibitor of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), is the first PARP inhibitor approved for use in patients with ovarian cancer who do not harbor a germ-line or somatic mutation in the breast cancer gene (BRCA)."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e2906948b3851296d00000a
| 606 |
yesno
|
Can breastfeeding confer protection from type I diabetes?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['In the neonate and infant lactation confers protection from future type 1 diabetes.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21348815"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21348815",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 310,
"offsetInEndSection": 432,
"text": "In the neonate and infant, among other benefits, lactation confers protection from future both type 1 and type 2 diabetes."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5be44f50133db5eb78000017
| 607 |
yesno
|
Could divalent metal transporter 1 deficiency lead to anemia?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) deficiency could result in anemia, as DMT1 is a major iron transporter required for iron absorption and erythropoiesis. DMT1 deficiency impairs erythroid differentiation and induces apoptosis of erythroid cells.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10751401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15024413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15736955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580996",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27331785",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26294671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16085548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26047847"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27331785",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a major iron transporter required for iron absorption and erythropoiesis. Loss of DMT1 function results in microcytic anemia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26047847",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 621,
"offsetInEndSection": 891,
"text": "Dysfunction of human DMT1 is associated with several pathologies such as iron deficiency anemia hemochromatosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, as well as colorectal cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma, making DMT1 an attractive target for drug discovery."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 17,
"offsetInEndSection": 233,
"text": "Deficiency of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) leads to hypochromic microcytic anemia. We have previously shown that DMT1 deficiency impairs erythroid differentiation and induces apoptosis of erythroid cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1315,
"offsetInEndSection": 1516,
"text": "We propose that DMT1 deficiency negatively affects metabolism and life span of mature erythrocytes; two other aspects of defective erythropoiesis which contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580996",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "Hypochromic microcytic anemia associated with ineffective erythropoiesis caused by recessive mutations in divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) can be improved with high-dose erythropoietin supplementation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15736955",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 363,
"text": "Belgrade rats exhibit microcytic, hypochromic anemia and systemic iron deficiency due to a glycine-to-arginine mutation at residue 185 in a metal ion transporter of a divalent metal transporter/divalent cation transporter/solute carrier 11 group A member 2 or 3 (DMT1/DCT1/SLC11A2), a member of the natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) family."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Deficiency of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) leads to hypochromic microcytic anemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15736955",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 362,
"text": "Belgrade rats exhibit microcytic, hypochromic anemia and systemic iron deficiency due to a glycine-to-arginine mutation at residue 185 in a metal ion transporter of a divalent metal transporter/divalent cation transporter/solute carrier 11 group A member 2 or 3 (DMT1/DCT1/SLC11A2), a member of the natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) family"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "BACKGROUND/AIMS: Deficiency of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) leads to hypochromic microcytic anemia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336479",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 466,
"offsetInEndSection": 652,
"text": "Microcytic anemia (mk/mk) mice defective in DMT1 and wild-type mice were exposed to either bleomycin or saline via intratracheal instillation and the resultant lung injury was compared. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Deficiency of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) leads to hypochromic microcytic anemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27331785",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a major iron transporter required for iron absorption and erythropoiesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15024413",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 702,
"offsetInEndSection": 819,
"text": "This mutation severely impairs the iron transport capability of DMT1, leading to systemic iron deficiency and anemia."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11758",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070838",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2355",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018798",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13121",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000740"
] | null |
58bd672d02b8c60953000011
| 608 |
yesno
|
Is the PTPN22 gene a biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
The PTPN22 gene has been repeatedly associated with RA-susceptibility in populations of European ancestry.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242182",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22661644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22427951",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21784728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614018",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607711",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21545847",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21542789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21360494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20921970",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20604892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20560812",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20498205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20398001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20353580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20061955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20017985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19950324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19856886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19365265",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20707220",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18812394",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18648537",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18398946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18240242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17341507",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16320352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16309943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16257177",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15883854"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242182",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1166,
"offsetInEndSection": 1413,
"text": "Combined longitudinal analysis of the 2 cohorts suggests further association of several loci with Larsen score (KIF5A, PTPN22, AFF3, TAGAP) and therefore a significant accumulation of RA severity markers among RA susceptibility markers (p = 0.016)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22661644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1028,
"offsetInEndSection": 1320,
"text": "A non-intronic marker at TNFAIP3, GIN1/C5orf30, STAT4, ANKRD55/IL6ST, BLK and PTPN22 showed association with RA susceptibility, irrespective of the serological status, the latter three markers remaining significantly associated with anti-CCP negative RA, after correction for multiple testing"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22427951",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 75,
"offsetInEndSection": 353,
"text": "A C-to-T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located at position 1858 of human PTPN22 cDNA and converting an arginine (R620) to tryptophan (W620) confers the highest risk of rheumatoid arthritis among non-HLA genetic variations that are known to be associated with this disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22427951",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 549,
"offsetInEndSection": 702,
"text": "In addition, how the overall activity of PTPN22 is regulated and how the R-to-W conversion contributes to rheumatoid arthritis is still poorly understood"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22427951",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1237,
"offsetInEndSection": 1428,
"text": "Our data depict a model that can reconcile the conflicting observations on the functional impact of the C1858T SNP and also suggest that PTPN22.6 is a novel biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21784728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1421,
"offsetInEndSection": 1506,
"text": "Lack of association of common variants in PTPN22 with RA in Han Chinese was confirmed"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21784728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1521,
"offsetInEndSection": 1744,
"text": "This study identifies MMEL1 and CTLA4 as RA susceptibility genes, provides suggestive evidence of association for a further six loci in the Han Chinese population and confirms lack of PTPN22 association in Asian populations"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752868",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "PTPN22 R620W genotype-phenotype correlation analysis and gene-environment interaction study in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the ESPOIR cohort"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752868",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 876,
"offsetInEndSection": 990,
"text": " PTPN22 620W risk allele was associated with ACPA production [odds ratio (OR) = 2.21, 95% CI 1.4, 3.4, P < 0.0001]"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752868",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 992,
"offsetInEndSection": 1262,
"text": "Hormonal treatment exposition and smoking were found to act with a protective effect against ACPA production (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.3, 0.7, P = 0.001) and early bone erosion (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.4-0.8, P = 0.003), respectively, and independently of HLADR and PTPN22 status"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614018",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 454,
"offsetInEndSection": 817,
"text": " RA patients (n=333) and controls (n=490) from the Cree/Ojibway NAN population in Central Canada were HLA-DRB1 typed and tested for 21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have previously been associated with RA, including PTPN22, TRAF1-C5, CTLA4, PADI4, STAT4, FCRL3, CCL21, MMEL1-TNFRSF14, CDK6, PRKCQ, KIF5A-PIP4K2C, IL2RB, TNFAIP3, IL10-1082G/A and REL"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607711",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 263,
"offsetInEndSection": 343,
"text": "Several other genes, including PTPN22 and PADI4, show modest association with RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21545847",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 892,
"offsetInEndSection": 1089,
"text": "Other variants in potentially pathogenic genes located in non-MHC regions have been implicated by recently performed genome wide analysis studies. These genes include PTPN22, TRAF1-C5, PADI4, STAT4"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21542789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 514,
"offsetInEndSection": 627,
"text": "Among these genes, PTPN22 plays an outstanding role. CD40, STAT4, PRM1, and TNFAIP3 also seem to be of relevance."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21360494",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 426,
"offsetInEndSection": 504,
"text": "HLA-DRB1 and the R620W single-nucleotide polymorphism of PTPN22 were genotyped"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21360494",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 922,
"offsetInEndSection": 1065,
"text": "In addition, evidence of a significant interaction between the shared epitope and the risk allele of PTPN22 was observed only in these patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15883854",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 796,
"offsetInEndSection": 1109,
"text": "Although SNPs in PADI4 had similar allele frequency among three groups [maximal difference 11%; (P >0.05)], the other three loci revealed statistically significant allele frequency differences (maximal difference 39% (P <0.00001), 13% (P <0.00001), and 8% (P <0.00001) in SLC22A4, PDCD1, and PTPN22, respectively)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15883854",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 467,
"text": "Several multiple, large-scale, genetic studies on autoimmune-disease-associated SNPs have been reported recently: peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); solute carrier family 22 members 4 and 5 (SLC22A4 and 5) in RA and Crohn's disease (CD); programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), and RA; and protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) in T1D, RA, and SLE"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16257177",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 847,
"offsetInEndSection": 992,
"text": " Recently a number of convincing candidate genes have begun to emerge and an update has been provided for three of these: PTPN22, CTLA-4 and MIF."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16309943",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 981,
"offsetInEndSection": 1085,
"text": "Association studies support a role for several genes, including TNFR2, PADI4, SLC22A4, RUNX1, and PTPN22"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16320352",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 415,
"text": "Analyses of families with multiple autoimmune disorders have revealed a functional polymorphism, 620W, in the intracellular tyrosine phosphatase gene PTPN22 as a predisposing factor for type 1 diabetes, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Hashimoto thyroiditis, and the presence of the PTPN22 protein appears to herald the development of autoantibodies in these disorders"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380915",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "Replication of putative candidate-gene associations with rheumatoid arthritis in >4,000 samples from North America and Sweden: association of susceptibility with PTPN22, CTLA4, and PADI4."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380915",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 802,
"offsetInEndSection": 989,
"text": "We found strong evidence of an association of PTPN22 with the development of anti-citrulline antibody-positive RA (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; P=.00002), using previously untested EIRA samples."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380915",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1298,
"offsetInEndSection": 1516,
"text": " Exploration of our data set with clinically relevant subsets of RA reveals that PTPN22 is associated with an earlier age at disease onset (P=.004) and that PTPN22 has a stronger effect in males than in females (P=.03)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380915",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1711,
"offsetInEndSection": 1960,
"text": " Given the strong statistical power to replicate a true-positive association in this study, our results provide support for PTPN22, CTLA4, and PADI4 as RA susceptibility genes and demonstrate novel associations with clinically relevant subsets of RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17341507",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1187,
"offsetInEndSection": 1329,
"text": "In logistic regression analysis, ACPA predicted RA-development independent of PTPN22, while the PTPN22 polymorphism had no independent effect."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17341507",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "Risk of progression from undifferentiated arthritis to rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of the PTPN22 1858T-allele in anti-citrullinated peptide antibody positive patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17341507",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 205,
"text": "Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and the C1858T missense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the PTPN22 gene are both associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666451",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "Associations between human leukocyte antigen, PTPN22, CTLA4 genotypes and rheumatoid arthritis phenotypes of autoantibody status, age at diagnosis and erosions in a large cohort study"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666451",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (HLA-SE), PTPN22 and CTLA4 alleles are associated with cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156150",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "Auto-antibodies, HLA and PTPN22: susceptibility markers for rheumatoid arthritis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156150",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1011,
"offsetInEndSection": 1209,
"text": "The combination of the PTPN22 1858T variant and anti-CCP antibodies gave a high specificity for the disease, and was significantly associated with RA (P = 8.86 x 10(-5), OR 10.05, 95% CI 1.88-53.73)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156150",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1224,
"offsetInEndSection": 1442,
"text": "The combination of the T variant of the 1858 polymorphism of the PTPN22 gene in combination with the presence of anti-CCP antibodies, preferentially in a SE-positive individual, is associated with the development of RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18240242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1361,
"offsetInEndSection": 1422,
"text": "No association of the PTPN22 gene with mortality was detected"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18240242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 370,
"offsetInEndSection": 744,
"text": "Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association of the HLA-DRB1 (including the shared epitope [SE]) and PTPN22 genes with the risk of death from all causes and from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to assess the interactions between SE, smoking, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) status, adjusted by age at symptom onset and sex"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305142",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 338,
"text": "The disease association of the common 1858C>T Arg620Trp (rs2476601) nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of protein tyrosine phosphatase; nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) on chromosome 1p13 has been confirmed in type 1 diabetes and also in other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and Graves' disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18398946",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "To evaluate the predictive values for disease progression of various antibodies against citrullinated peptide proteins (ACPA) and their relation to PTPN22 1858C/T polymorphism and HLA-DRB1 alleles in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "PTPN22, PADI-4, and CTLA-4 have been associated with risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1986,
"offsetInEndSection": 2105,
"text": "A significant multiplicative interaction between PTPN22 and smoking for more than 10 pack-years was observed (P = 0.04)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2330,
"offsetInEndSection": 2393,
"text": "No gene-gene interaction was observed between PTPN22 and HLA-SE"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2408,
"offsetInEndSection": 2635,
"text": "After adjusting for smoking and reproductive factors, PTPN22 was associated with RA risk among Caucasian women in these cohorts. We found both additive and multiplicative interactions between PTPN22 and heavy cigarette smoking."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20921970",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 908,
"offsetInEndSection": 973,
"text": "Weak evidence for an effect at the PTPN22 locus was also observed"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20604892",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Association of the PTPN22 gene (-1123G > C) polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20604892",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 593,
"offsetInEndSection": 745,
"text": "These data suggest, the CC genotype and C allele of the -1123G > C in the PTPN22 gene are associated with an increased risk for RA in Chinese population"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20604892",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 747,
"offsetInEndSection": 894,
"text": "Therefore, the CC genotype and C allele of the -1123G > C in the PTPN22 gene may be used as a genetic marker for the predisposition of RA in Chines"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20560812",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1437,
"offsetInEndSection": 1606,
"text": "A longer duration of breastfeeding increased the risk of developing RA, especially among individuals seropositive for ACPA or IgM-RF or carrying the PTPN22 1858T variant"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20560812",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1020,
"offsetInEndSection": 1302,
"text": "In a multiple logistic regression analysis, increasing time of breastfeeding (OR 9.5, 95% CI 2.14-42.43 for ≥ 17 months), seropositivity for ACPAs (OR 19.5, 95% CI 4.47-84.81), and carriage of the PTPN22 1858T variant (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.36-7.54) remained significant predictors of RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20498205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1183,
"offsetInEndSection": 1496,
"text": "After quality control, 3209 patients and 3692 controls were included in the study. Eight markers (ie, rs1160542 (AFF3), rs1678542 (KIF5A), rs2476601 (PTPN22), rs3087243 (CTLA4), rs4810485 (CD40), rs5029937 (6q23), rs10760130 (TRAF1/C5) and rs7574865 (STAT4)) were significantly associated with RA by meta-analysis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20398001",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 204,
"offsetInEndSection": 425,
"text": "Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on RA identified known and novel susceptibility genes like HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, STAT4, TRAF1/C5, OLIG3/TNFAIP3, CD40, CCL21, MMEL1-TNFRSF14, CDK6, PRKCQ, IL2RB, and KIF5A-PIP4K2C"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20353580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 677,
"offsetInEndSection": 980,
"text": "In the total RA inception cohort, the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, trend P < 0.0001), PTPN22 (per-allele OR = 1.5, trend P < 0.0001), OLIG3/TNFAIP3 locus (per-allele OR = 1.2, trend P = 0.009) and TRAF1/C5 locus (per-allele OR = 1.1, trend P = 0.04) were associated with RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20061955",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 594,
"offsetInEndSection": 808,
"text": "Progress has been made in determining the relative contributions and the interaction of the shared epitope, PTPN22 and smoking in conferring the risk of anticitrullinated protein antibodies-positive and negative RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1253,
"offsetInEndSection": 1357,
"text": "Homozygous and heterozygous carriers of the PTPN22 1858T allele had a decreased probability of remission"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20017985",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1506,
"offsetInEndSection": 1575,
"text": "Our analyses have confirmed previous findings for genes PTPN22 and C5"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19950324",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 745,
"offsetInEndSection": 997,
"text": "Fifty-five percent of the FDRs had > or =1 copy of the shared epitope, 20% had > or =1 copy of the PTPN22 polymorphism, and approximately 16% were positive for rheumatoid factor (RF; including isotypes) and/or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19856886",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 347,
"offsetInEndSection": 747,
"text": "As an effect several new genes have been recognized as an HLA-independent genetic risk factors of RA. PTPN22 gene polymorphism, C5/TRAF1 genes region polymorphism and TNFAIP3-OLIG3 genes region polymorphism(s) are among newly identified and already confirmed genetic risk factors, whereas STAT 4, CTLA4, PADI4 and IRF5 genes polymorphisms are listed among probable RA development genetic risk factors"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648126",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 546,
"offsetInEndSection": 776,
"text": "Patients were analysed for anti-MCV and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), and were genotyped for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 \"shared epitope\" (SE) and protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) 1858T"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445664",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 133,
"offsetInEndSection": 384,
"text": "As well as the major susceptibility gene HLA-DRB1, recent genome-wide and candidate-gene studies reported additional evidence for association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the PTPN22, STAT4, OLIG3/TNFAIP3 and TRAF1/C5 loci with RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445664",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 964,
"offsetInEndSection": 1138,
"text": "However, we were able to replicate the association signals between RA and HLA-DRB1 alleles, STAT4 (rs7574865), PTPN22 (rs2476601) and OLIG3/TNFAIP3 (rs10499194 and rs6920220)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445664",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1277,
"offsetInEndSection": 1631,
"text": "Additionally, SNPs rs7574865STAT4 (P = 9.2*10-6; OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.35 - 2.18) and rs2476601PTPN22 (P = 9.5*10-4; OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.23 - 2.26) were associated with susceptibility to RA, whereas after permutation testing OLIG3/TNFAIP3 SNPs rs10499194 and rs6920220 missed our criteria for significance (Pcorr = 0.114 and Pcorr = 0.180, respectively"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445664",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1647,
"offsetInEndSection": 1767,
"text": "In our Slovak population, HLA-DRB1 alleles as well as SNPs in STAT4 and PTPN22 genes showed a strong association with RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404967",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 155,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "Currently, 5 loci (HLA, PTPN22, TRAF1/C5, TNFAIP3, and STAT4) have been consistently reported, whereas others have been observed less systematically"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19365265",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1291,
"offsetInEndSection": 1413,
"text": "Genetic markers such as shared epitope alleles and PTPN22 1858T variant increase the relative risk for disease development"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19365265",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 582,
"offsetInEndSection": 779,
"text": "Particularly, ACPAs in combination with human leukocyte antigen-shared epitope alleles and PTPN22 1858T carriage increased the relative risks of developing RA compared with not having these factors"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324521",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 321,
"offsetInEndSection": 663,
"text": "However, inconsistent results of the contributions of non-HLA susceptibility genes have been described, with the exception of a few genes repeatedly associated with RA-susceptibility, such as PTPN22 gene in populations of European ancestry and PADI4 gene in populations of Asian ancestry, revealing the presence of genetic heterogeneity in RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20707220",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Functional polymorphisms of PTPN22 and FcgR genes in Tunisian patients with rheumatoid arthritis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20707220",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 327,
"offsetInEndSection": 398,
"text": "We found strong evidence of an association of PTPN22 620W allele and RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20707220",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 858,
"offsetInEndSection": 1014,
"text": "In conclusion, we have confirmed that PTPN22 620W allele is associated with Tunisian RA but does not constitute a factor influencing clinical manifestations"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034456",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "The C1858T allele of the PTPN22 gene has been reported to confer risk for RA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18812394",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1239,
"offsetInEndSection": 1376,
"text": "Similarly, the presence or absence of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope or the RA-associated PTPN22 allele had no influence on this association"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18648537",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 119,
"offsetInEndSection": 281,
"text": "Although some genetic risk factors for RA are well-established, most notably HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22, these markers do not fully account for the observed heritability"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18648537",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1656,
"offsetInEndSection": 1823,
"text": "Lastly, in combination with the other two known genetic risk factors, HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22, the variants reported here generate more than a 45-fold RA-risk differential"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535030",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 182,
"text": "Contribution of PTPN22 1858T, TNFRII 196R and HLA-shared epitope alleles with rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies to very early rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535030",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1248,
"offsetInEndSection": 1485,
"text": "PTPN22 1858T, TNFRII 196R and HLA-SE alleles do not improve the predictive value of RF and ACPA for RA diagnosis in our cohort, and do not contribute to an earlier diagnosis in undifferentiated patients initially negative for RF and ACPA"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001172",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:7148",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:676",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11042",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1586",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001171",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015415",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005258",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PTN22_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PTN22_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SERPH_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SAST_HUMAN"
] |
[
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/PTPN22",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/3793"
},
{
"o": "PTPN22",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/PTPN22"
},
{
"o": "Rheumatoid arthritis, susceptibility to, 180300",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/name",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/3793"
},
{
"o": "http://www.dbpedia.org/resource/PTPN22",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/PTPN22"
},
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/PTPN22",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/999"
},
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/sider/resource/side_effects/C0003873",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/999"
},
{
"o": "Condition #11608 (Rheumatoid Arthritis)",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://data.linkedct.org/resource/condition/11608"
},
{
"o": "PTPN22",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/PTPN22"
},
{
"o": "Rheumatoid_arthritis",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/name",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/999"
},
{
"o": "Rheumatoid Arthritis",
"p": "http://data.linkedct.org/resource/linkedct/condition_name",
"s": "http://data.linkedct.org/resource/condition/11608"
},
{
"o": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rheumatoid_arthritis",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://data.linkedct.org/resource/condition/11608"
},
{
"o": "http://yago.org/resource/Rheumatoid_arthritis",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://data.linkedct.org/resource/condition/11608"
},
{
"o": "http://www.dbpedia.org/resource/PTPN22",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/PTPN22"
},
{
"o": "http://www.dbpedia.org/resource/Rheumatoid_arthritis",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/999"
}
] |
52e7870a98d023950500001a
| 609 |
yesno
|
Is ocrelizumab effective for primary progressive multiple sclerosis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, ocrelizumab is effective and approved for primary progressive multiple sclerosis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35583174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35590041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35192158"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35192158",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus®) is an intravenously administered, humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35590041",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2194,
"offsetInEndSection": 2363,
"text": "When using the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies ocrelizumab and ofatumumab in the treatment of MS, it is not necessary to test for NAbs as these occur very infrequently. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35583174",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 35,
"text": "Ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35583174",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 318,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Ocrelizumab is a humanised anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2017 for using in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
6404199d201352f04a000019
| 610 |
yesno
|
Is metoprolol metabolized by CYP2D6?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, metoprolol is metabolized by CYP2D6.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14732961"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14732961",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1166,
"offsetInEndSection": 1423,
"text": "Among these beta-blockers atenolol is mainly eliminated by renal excretion, bisoprolol is in part excreted as parent compound via the renal route (50%), the other 50% are hepatically metabolised, whereas metoprolol and carvedilol are metabolised by CYP2D6. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
606a232a94d57fd87900004c
| 611 |
yesno
|
Can the epigenetic status of introns affect gene expression?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, the epigenetic status of introns can affect gene expression. Recent studies have shown that DNA methylation in introns can regulate alternative splicing and affect the level of gene expression. Additionally, histone modifications in introns can also affect chromatin structure and gene expression.', 'DNA methylation and other heterochromatic epigenetic marks in gene introns can be sensed by protein complexes that regulate RNA processing and gene expression.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25765649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33506534",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28808009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33438356",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29330282"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580822",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 566,
"offsetInEndSection": 817,
"text": "Here, we show that the expression of the H3K9 demethylase IBM1 (increase in BONSAI methylation 1) requires DNA methylation. Surprisingly, the regulatory methylated region is contained in an unusually large intron that is conserved in IBM1 orthologues."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580822",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "DNA methylation in an intron of the IBM1 histone demethylase gene stabilizes chromatin modification patterns."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33438356",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 515,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "Polyadenylation (poly(A) sequencing reveals that AAE complex has a substantial influence on poly(A) site usage of heterochromatin-containing genes, including not only intronic heterochromatin-containing genes but also the genes showing overlap with heterochromatin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33438356",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "Heterochromatin is widespread in eukaryotic genomes and has diverse impacts depending on its genomic context."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33506534",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1050,
"offsetInEndSection": 1215,
"text": "Combining methylation data with mRNA sequencing revealed that DNA methylation in promoters, introns and exons may have different roles in regulating gene expression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28808009",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "In several eukaryotic organisms, heterochromatin (HC) in the introns of genes can regulate RNA processing, including polyadenylation, but the mechanism underlying this regulation is poorly understood."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28808009",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 494,
"offsetInEndSection": 1092,
"text": "Here we report that ASI1 and EDM2 form a protein complex in vivo via a bridge protein, ASI1-Immunoprecipitated Protein 1 (AIPP1), which is another RNA recognition motif-containing protein. The complex also may contain the Pol II CTD phosphatase CPL2, the plant homeodomain-containing protein AIPP2, and another BAH domain protein, AIPP3. As is the case with dysfunction of ASI1 and EDM2, dysfunction of AIPP1 impedes the use of distal polyadenylation sites at tested intronic HC-containing genes, such as the histone demethylase gene IBM1, resulting in a lack of functional full-length transcripts."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29330282",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 680,
"offsetInEndSection": 911,
"text": "Interestingly, hypomethylation of introns is correlated with higher levels of intron expression in mRNA and the methylation level of an intron is inversely correlated with its retention in mRNA from the gene in which it is located."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29330282",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 214,
"text": "Regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation in gene promoter regions is well studied; however, the effects of methylation in the gene body (exons and introns) on gene expression are comparatively understudied."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25765649",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 425,
"offsetInEndSection": 624,
"text": "Consistent with previous work we found that intragenic methylation is positively correlated with gene expression and that exons are more highly methylated than their neighboring intronic environment."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
6428da47690f196b51000051
| 612 |
yesno
|
Does TIMELESS-TIPIN participate in replisome disassembly?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. TIMELESS-TIPIN and UBXN-3 promote replisome disassembly during DNA replication termination in Caenorhabditis elegans.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34269473"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34269473",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "TIMELESS-TIPIN and UBXN-3 promote replisome disassembly during DNA replication termination in Caenorhabditis elegans."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34269473",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 729,
"offsetInEndSection": 1125,
"text": "We show that UBXN-3 is important in vivo for replisome disassembly in the absence of TIMELESS-TIPIN. Correspondingly, co-depletion of UBXN-3 and TIMELESS causes profound synthetic lethality. Since the human orthologue of UBXN-3, FAF1, is a candidate tumour suppressor, these findings suggest that manipulation of CMG disassembly might be applicable to future strategies for treating human cancer."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
620be4fd3a8413c653000002
| 613 |
yesno
|
Is sumoylation implicated in myogenesis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, sumoylation is implicated in myogenesis.', 'Yes, protein sumoylation present in myoblasts is regulated in myogenesis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16966324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25002400",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23637228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16631162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16478538",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23754700"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344126",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "Sentrin/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 2 (SENP2) has broad de-SUMOylation activities in vitro, which is essential for embryonic heart development."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344126",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 413,
"offsetInEndSection": 622,
"text": "Silencing SENP2 can reduce myostatin expression and, therefore, promote myogenesis of skeletal muscle. These results reveal the important role of SENP2 in the regulation of myostatin expression and myogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202138",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 290,
"offsetInEndSection": 426,
"text": "Overexpression of c-Ski/SnoN also induces skeletal muscle differentiation, but how c-Ski/SnoN function in myogenesis is largely unknown."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202138",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1028,
"offsetInEndSection": 1293,
"text": "Notably, loss of sumoylation in the Lys-50 site (via a Lys-to-Arg point mutation) potently activates muscle-specific gene expression and enhances myotube formation. Our study suggests a novel role for SUMO modification in the regulation of myogenic differentiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16966324",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1104,
"offsetInEndSection": 1415,
"text": "Although this modification has little effect on SnoN repression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter and only modestly potentiates SnoN repression of the p21 promoter, SnoN sumoylation robustly augments the ability of SnoN to suppress transcription of the myogenesis master regulatory gene myogenin"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16966324",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1724,
"offsetInEndSection": 1861,
"text": "Our study also points to a physiological role for SnoN sumoylation in the control of myogenin expression in differentiating muscle cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202138",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 592,
"offsetInEndSection": 714,
"text": "Here, we biochemically characterize SnoN sumoylation in detail and report the physiological function of the modification. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344126",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "An essential role of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific Protease 2 in myostatin expression and myogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344126",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 516,
"offsetInEndSection": 622,
"text": "These results reveal the important role of SENP2 in the regulation of myostatin expression and myogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25002400",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "The E3 SUMO ligase Nse2 regulates sumoylation and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of skNAC-Smyd1 in myogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23637228",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 157,
"text": "Sumoylation of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor sharp-1 regulates recruitment of the histone methyltransferase G9a and function in myogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16631162",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 516,
"offsetInEndSection": 637,
"text": " We show that the overall load of sumoylated proteins present in myoblasts diminishes progressively throughout myogenesis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16631162",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 869,
"offsetInEndSection": 1059,
"text": "These novel results suggest that protein sumoylation plays a pivotal role in myoblast differentiation and is required to regulate the activity of key targets downstream of MyoD and myogenin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 167,
"offsetInEndSection": 435,
"text": "a composite sequence motif has recently been identified that couples phosphorylation, sumoylation, and perhaps also deacetylation to control transcriptional repression in stress response, mitogen and nuclear hormone signaling, myogenesis, and neuronal differentiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23637228",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 157,
"text": "Sumoylation of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor sharp-1 regulates recruitment of the histone methyltransferase G9a and function in myogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344126",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 413,
"offsetInEndSection": 622,
"text": "Silencing SENP2 can reduce myostatin expression and, therefore, promote myogenesis of skeletal muscle. These results reveal the important role of SENP2 in the regulation of myostatin expression and myogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23637228",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 575,
"offsetInEndSection": 904,
"text": "Mutation of these SUMO acceptor sites in Sharp-1 does not impact its subcellular localization but attenuates its ability to act as a transcriptional repressor and inhibit myogenic differentiation. Consistently, co-expression of the SUMO protease SENP1 with wild type Sharp-1 abrogates Sharp-1-dependent inhibition of myogenesis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202138",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Transforming growth factor-beta-independent regulation of myogenesis by SnoN sumoylation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23754700",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "Ubiquitin Specific Protease 25 (USP25), a member of the deubiquitinase family, is involved in several disease-related signal pathways including myogenesis, immunity and protein degradation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25002400",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 918,
"offsetInEndSection": 1317,
"text": " In addition, we show that the skNAC interaction partner Smyd1 contains a putative sumoylation motif and is sumoylated in muscle cells, with depletion of Mms21/Nse2 leading to reduced concentrations of sumoylated Smyd1. Taken together, our data suggest that the function, specifically the balance between the nuclear and cytosolic roles, of the skNAC-Smyd1 complex might be regulated by sumoylation."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016925",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D024510",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058207"
] |
[
{
"o": "D058207",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469770"
},
{
"o": "D024510",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7814146"
}
] |
56cca4da5795f9a73e000034
| 614 |
yesno
|
Is eteplirsen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, eteplirsen is effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34797383",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33523015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34420980"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34420980",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1347,
"offsetInEndSection": 1641,
"text": "Eteplirsen-treated patients experienced a statistically significant longer median time to LOA by 2.09 years (5.09 vs. 3.00 years, p < 0.01) and significantly attenuated rates of pulmonary decline vs. natural history patients (FVC%p change: -3.3 vs. -6.0 percentage points annually, p < 0.0001)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33523015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 967,
"offsetInEndSection": 1200,
"text": "At Years 3 and 4, eteplirsen-treated patients demonstrated markedly greater mean 6MWT than controls (difference in change from baseline of 132 m [95%CI (29, 235), p = 0.015] at Year 3 and 159 m [95%CI (66, 253), p = 0.002] at Year 4)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33523015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1202,
"offsetInEndSection": 1341,
"text": "At Year 4, a significantly greater proportion of eteplirsen-treated patients were still ambulant versus controls (10/12 vs 3/11; p = 0.020)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33523015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1606,
"offsetInEndSection": 1803,
"text": " In this retrospective matched control study, eteplirsen treatment resulted in attenuation of ambulatory decline over a 4-year observation period, supporting long-term benefit in patients with DMD."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
64178e73690f196b51000023
| 615 |
yesno
|
Down's syndrome occurs when an individual has an extra copy or part of a copy of chromosome 21, yes or no?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, Downs syndrome is caused by a duplication or all or part of chromosome 21.', 'Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is caused by increased dose of genes present on human chromosome 21 (HSA21). ', 'Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) is the most common survivable disorder due to aneuploidy.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26391045",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19636252",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26243569",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9800738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27245382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2143053",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3036686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9050924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23394617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27931082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11371509",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18056702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21081842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25862935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24980541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2880544",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15176487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706610",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738006",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28342823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24210986",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7532356"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27931082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) is the most common survivable disorder due to aneuploidy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28342823",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is caused by increased dose of genes present on human chromosome 21 (HSA21)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27245382",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 97,
"offsetInEndSection": 207,
"text": "Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormality in live-born children. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26391045",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 55,
"text": "Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21,"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3036686",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Submicroscopic duplication of chromosome 21 and trisomy 21 phenotype (Down syndrome)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19636252",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder resulting from the presence of all or part of an extra Chromosome 21."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212162",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Down syndrome is a genetic disorder, occurring when an individual has all or part of an extra copy of chromosome 21."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738006",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "Downs syndrome (DS) occurs due to an extra copy of chromosome 21."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26243569",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 161,
"text": "Down syndrome, which arises in individuals carrying an extra copy of chromosome 21, is associated with a greatly increased risk of early-onset Alzheimer disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24980541",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 518,
"offsetInEndSection": 769,
"text": "Aneuploidy refers to the presence of an extra copy of a specific chromosome, or trisomy, as seen in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21), or the absence of a single chromosome, or monosomy, as seen in Turner syndrome (a single X chromosome in females: 45, X)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21081842",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "Down syndrome (DS) or Trisomy 21 (Ts21) is caused by the presence of an extra copy of all or part of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and is the most frequent survivable congenital chromosomal abnormality."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2143053",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 235,
"text": "Down syndrome (DS) is a major cause of mental retardation and heart disease. Although it is usually caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, a subset of the diagnostic features may be caused by the presence of only band 21q22."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7532356",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 55,
"text": "Down syndrome is usually caused by complete trisomy 21."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18056702",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "Down syndrome, the most frequent genetic disorder, is characterized by an extra copy of all or part of chromosome 21."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23394617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "Down syndrome (DS), caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, affects 1 in 750 live births and is characterized by cognitive impairment and a constellation of congenital defects."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 161,
"text": "Down syndrome (DS) results from one extra copy of human chromosome 21 and leads to several alterations including intellectual disabilities and locomotor defects."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9050924",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Down's syndrome results from the production of three copies of chromosome 21 within a cell. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "Downs syndrome (DS) occurs due to an extra copy of chromosome 21."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11371509",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Trisomy 21 (Ts21) is the most common live-born human aneuploidy; it results in a constellation of features known as Down's syndrome (DS)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25862935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Down syndrome comprises multiple malformations and is due to trisomy of chromosome 21."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24210986",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 161,
"offsetInEndSection": 292,
"text": "n 1959, J. Lejeune, M. Gautier, and R. Turpin demonstrated that the children with Down syndrome had an extra copy of chromosome 21."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686780",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "To develop a reliable and specific method for rapid prenatal diagnosis of Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300975",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "Trisomy 21 Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause for congenital malformations and intellectual disability"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "Down syndrome, characterized by an extra chromosome 21 is the most common genetic cause for congenital malformations and learning disability. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
|
[
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004314",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D056915",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000076103",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002891"
] | null |
5a76016683b0d9ea6600000d
| 616 |
yesno
|
Does CIDEB mutation protect from liver disease?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. CIDEB mutation protects from liver disease.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35939579"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35939579",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "Germline Mutations in CIDEB and Protection against Liver Disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35939579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 897,
"offsetInEndSection": 1028,
"text": "We also found that variants in CIDEB, which encodes a structural protein found in hepatic lipid droplets, had a protective effect. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35939579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2119,
"offsetInEndSection": 2217,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Rare germline mutations in CIDEB conferred substantial protection from liver disease."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
63f02a82f36125a426000013
| 617 |
yesno
|
Are there currently applications of deep learning in genomics?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Deep learning has been used so far in genomics for predicting splicing patterns in individual tissues and differences in splicing patterns across tissues. The deep architecture surpasses the performance of the previous Bayesian method for predicting alternative splicing (AS) patterns.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25948244"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931975",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 52,
"text": "Deep learning of the tissue-regulated splicing code."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931975",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 385,
"offsetInEndSection": 826,
"text": "Using a deep neural network, we developed a model inferred from mouse RNA-Seq data that can predict splicing patterns in individual tissues and differences in splicing patterns across tissues. Our architecture uses hidden variables that jointly represent features in genomic sequences and tissue types when making predictions. A graphics processing unit was used to greatly reduce the training time of our models with millions of parameters."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931975",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 835,
"offsetInEndSection": 1214,
"text": "We show that the deep architecture surpasses the performance of the previous Bayesian method for predicting AS patterns. With the proper optimization procedure and selection of hyperparameters, we demonstrate that deep architectures can be beneficial, even with a moderately sparse dataset. An analysis of what the model has learned in terms of the genomic features is presented."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25948244",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 54,
"text": "Machine learning applications in genetics and genomics"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023281",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678"
] |
[] |
56b481348525abca1e000008
| 618 |
yesno
|
Is tubulin acetylation involved in cell motility?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
Yes, induction of alpha-tubulin acetylation correlates with inhibition of cell motility, while it is involved in additional cellular processes, e.g. cell cycle progression, differentiation, intracellular trafficking, and signalling. Dynamic microtubule (MT) acetylation/deacetylation mediating cell motility and adhesion is controlled by enzymes such as HDAC6, a major cytoplasmic α-tubulin deacetylase. While its overexpression and activation is capable to enhance cell motility, HDAC6 activity can also be negatively regulated by a number of cellular inhibitors, thus decreasing the ability of cells for migration.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23019416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20940043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12024216",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22589388"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23019416",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 248,
"offsetInEndSection": 710,
"text": "In this study, we found that paclitaxel induced tubulin acetylation in endothelial and tumor cells, at concentrations that affected cell motility but not proliferation (10(-8) to 10(-9) M, for 4 hours). Induction of tubulin acetylation correlated with inhibition of motility but not proliferation based on a comparison of highly and poorly cytotoxic taxanes (paclitaxel and IDN5390) and tumor cell lines sensitive and resistant to paclitaxel (1A9 and 1A9 PTX22)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23019416",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 845,
"offsetInEndSection": 1226,
"text": "we found that overexpression of the tubulin deacetylase SIRT2 increased cell motility and reduced cell response to the anti-motility activity of paclitaxel. Conversely, the SIRT2 inhibitor splitomicin reduced cell motility and potentiated the anti-motility activity of paclitaxel. The inhibitory effect was further potentiated by the addition of the HDAC6 inhibitor trichostatin A."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193721",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "Cell motility and adhesion involves dynamic microtubule (MT) acetylation/deacetylation, a process regulated by enzymes as HDAC6, a major cytoplasmic α-tubulin deacetylase."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193721",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 582,
"offsetInEndSection": 709,
"text": "GRK2 and HDAC6 colocalize in the lamellipodia of migrating cells, leading to local tubulin deacetylation and enhanced motility."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20940043",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 798,
"offsetInEndSection": 1014,
"text": "This review highlights the emerging roles of tubulin acetylation in multiple cellular functions, ranging from cell motility, cell cycle progression or cell differentiation to intracellular trafficking and signalling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308065",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 753,
"offsetInEndSection": 1017,
"text": "Our results indicate that TPPP/p25 binds to HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6), an enzyme responsible for tubulin deacetylation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the direct interaction of these two proteins resulted in the inhibition of the deacetylase activity of HDAC6."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308065",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1490,
"offsetInEndSection": 1745,
"text": "Finally, we demonstrated that, similarly to other HDAC6 inhibitors, TPPP/p25 influences the microtubule dynamics by decreasing the growth velocity of the microtubule plus ends and also affects cell motility as demonstrated by time lapse video experiments."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 389,
"offsetInEndSection": 462,
"text": "\"tubacin,\" which inhibits alpha-tubulin deacetylation in mammalian cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 574,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": "We provide evidence that class II histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is the intracellular target of tubacin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 807,
"offsetInEndSection": 901,
"text": "Tubacin treatment did not affect the stability of microtubules but did decrease cell motility."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1151,
"offsetInEndSection": 1376,
"text": "They also suggest that small molecules that selectively inhibit HDAC6-mediated alpha-tubulin deacetylation, a first example of which is tubacin, might have therapeutic applications as antimetastatic and antiangiogenic agents."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12024216",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 991,
"offsetInEndSection": 1164,
"text": "Furthermore, overexpression of HDAC6 promotes chemotactic cell movement, supporting the idea that HDAC6-mediated deacetylation regulates microtubule-dependent cell motility."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22589388",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 970,
"offsetInEndSection": 1334,
"text": "HDAC6 is a major cytoplasmic a-tubulin deacetylase that is involved in cell motility and adhesion. GRK2 dynamically and directly associates with and phosphorylates HDAC6 to stimulate its a-tubulin deacetylase activity at specific cellular localizations, such as the leading edge of migrating cells, thus promoting local tubulin deacetylation and enhanced motility."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002465",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014404",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000107",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050257",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054443",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0048870",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0071929",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:2000145",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0045298",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007021",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0019799",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TBA_GIBZE",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0090043"
] |
[] |
5317606eb166e2b80600000d
| 619 |
yesno
|
Is ofatumumab effective for multiple sclerosis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Ofatumumab, a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is effective for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33107072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30985372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30604390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29695594",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30539801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33090003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30632834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24453078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32757523"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092190",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "Anti-CD20 Agents for Multiple Sclerosis: Spotlight on Ocrelizumab and Ofatumumab."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092190",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1204,
"offsetInEndSection": 1367,
"text": "Ofatumumab, a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, that binds a distinct epitope, has been further investigated in phase 3 trials for relapsing forms of MS. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33090003",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 481,
"offsetInEndSection": 591,
"text": "Conclusion: Ofatumumab offers beneficial outcomes for RMS by reducing relapse and disability progression risk."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30604390",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 659,
"offsetInEndSection": 837,
"text": "Currently, new therapies are emerging that promise more convenience and an improved safety profile (ofatumumab) or remyelinating potential with clinical improvement (opicinumab)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30539801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 601,
"offsetInEndSection": 812,
"text": "The emerging B-cell depleting therapies, particularly anti-CD20 agents such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, as well as the fully human ofatumumab, have shown promising clinical and magnetic resonance imaging benefit."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30632834",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 256,
"offsetInEndSection": 435,
"text": "AREAS COVERED: In this manuscript, we review mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, and tolerance of anti-CD20 therapies for MS, including rituximab, ocrelizumab, and ofatumumab."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30985372",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 737,
"offsetInEndSection": 791,
"text": "Another CD20 directed mAb, ofatumumab, is in phase 3. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33090003",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 493,
"offsetInEndSection": 591,
"text": "Ofatumumab offers beneficial outcomes for RMS by reducing relapse and disability progression risk."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29695594",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1296,
"offsetInEndSection": 1493,
"text": "CONCLUSION: Imaging showed that all subcutaneous ofatumumab doses demonstrated efficacy (most robust: cumulative doses ≥30 mg/12 wk), with a safety profile consistent with existing ofatumumab data."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32757523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2318,
"offsetInEndSection": 2453,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with multiple sclerosis, ofatumumab was associated with lower annualized relapse rates than teriflunomide. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
60234bd51cb411341a000093
| 620 |
yesno
|
Is viltolarsen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, viltolarsen is effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35634851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33285037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401022"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "Viltolarsen is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (PMO) designed to skip exon 53 of the DMD gene for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 694,
"offsetInEndSection": 830,
"text": "Viltolarsen restores the reading frame of the DMD gene by skipping exon 53 and produces a truncated but functional form of dystrophin. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 505,
"offsetInEndSection": 693,
"text": "After showing hopeful results in pre-clinical trials and several clinical trials across North America and Japan, it received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for DMD in 2020."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 694,
"offsetInEndSection": 829,
"text": "Viltolarsen restores the reading frame of the DMD gene by skipping exon 53 and produces a truncated but functional form of dystrophin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33285037",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 48,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "ucleotide viltolarsen targets exon 53 of the dystrophin gene, and could be an effective treatment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35634851",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 110,
"offsetInEndSection": 342,
"text": "esulting in an absence of functional dystrophin protein. Viltolarsen, an exon 53 skipping therapy, has been shown to increase endogenous dystrophin levels. Herein, long-term (>2 years) functional outcomes in viltolarsen treated pati"
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
64178e34690f196b51000021
| 621 |
yesno
|
Has the drug Afrezza been approved by the FDA?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, Afrezza has been approved by the FDA.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222134",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 635,
"offsetInEndSection": 908,
"text": "In contrary, MannKind Corporation started developing its ultra-rapid-acting insulin Afrezza in a bold bid, probably by managing the issues in which Exubera was not successful. Afrezza has been marketed since February, 2015 by Sanofi after getting FDA approval in June 2014."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e776c72835f4e477700000e
| 622 |
yesno
|
Is ABCE1 involved in ribosomal recycling?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, recent studies have identified ABCE1 as a ribosome-recycling factor important for translation termination in mammalian cells, yeast and also archaea']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27824037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26276635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25001285",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25659154",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25128630"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27824037",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 253,
"text": "Ribosome recycling orchestrated by the ATP binding cassette (ABC) protein ABCE1 can be considered as the final-or the first-step within the cyclic process of protein synthesis, connecting translation termination and mRNA surveillance with re-initiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25659154",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 110,
"offsetInEndSection": 260,
"text": " Recent studies have identified ABCE1 as a ribosome-recycling factor important for translation termination in mammalian cells, yeast and also archaea."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25001285",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 502,
"offsetInEndSection": 560,
"text": "d a termination/prerecycling complex containing eRF1-ABCE1"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25128630",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 653,
"offsetInEndSection": 698,
"text": "ABCE1, a eukaryotic ribosome recycling factor"
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
| null | null |
58ce5a1602b8c60953000049
| 623 |
yesno
|
Does the histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) interact with triadin?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Histidine-rich calcium binding protein (HRC) is located in the lumen of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and binds to triadin (TRN), a protein associated with the ryanodine receptor and thought to be involved in calcium release.', 'Yes. HRC may play a key role in the regulation of SR Ca cycling through its direct interactions with SERCA2 and triadin, mediating a fine cross talk between SR Ca uptake and release in the heart. A direct binding of HRC (histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein) to triadin, the main transmembrane protein of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle, seems well supported.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22040806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25451386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22952658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17030629",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12480542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504710",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531621"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807542",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 528,
"offsetInEndSection": 626,
"text": "The HRC effects on RyR may be regulated by the Ca(2+)-sensitivity of its interaction with triadin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22040806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 157,
"offsetInEndSection": 286,
"text": "In rabbit skeletal and cardiac muscles, HRC binds to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes via triadin, a junctional SR protein. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1494,
"offsetInEndSection": 1684,
"text": "HRC may play a key role in the regulation of SR Ca cycling through its direct interactions with SERCA2 and triadin, mediating a fine cross talk between SR Ca uptake and release in the heart."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22952658",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "Histidine-rich calcium binding protein (HRC) is located in the lumen of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that binds to both triadin (TRN) and SERCA affecting Ca(2+) cycling in the SR."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403607",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 634,
"offsetInEndSection": 832,
"text": "HRC is a SR luminal Ca(2+) binding protein known to associate with both triadin and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, and may thus mediate the crosstalk between SR Ca(2+) uptake and release."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12480542",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 276,
"text": "The histidine-rich Ca(2+) binding protein (HRC) is a high capacity Ca(2+) binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Because HRC appears to interact directly with triadin, HRC may play a role in the regulation of Ca(2+) release during excitation-contraction coupling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504710",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 275,
"offsetInEndSection": 463,
"text": "In the present study, we have performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments and show that HRC binds directly to triadin, which is an integral membrane protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 194,
"text": "A direct binding of HRC (histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein) to triadin, the main transmembrane protein of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle, seems well supported."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531621",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "The present study documents the binding interaction of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) transmembrane protein triadin with peripheral histidine-rich, Ca(2+)-binding protein (HCP)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25451386",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 967,
"offsetInEndSection": 1100,
"text": "In addition, the intra-luminal histidine-rich calcium binding protein (HRC) has been shown to interact with both SERCA2a and triadin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25451386",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1101,
"offsetInEndSection": 1252,
"text": "Notably, there is physical and direct interaction between these protein players, mediating a fine-cross talk between SR Ca-uptake, storage and release."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17030629",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 161,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": "The histidine-rich calcium-binding protein (HRCBP) is expressed in the junctional SR, the site of calcium release from the SR. HRCBP is expressed exclusively in muscle tissues and binds calcium with low affinity and high capacity. In addition, HRCBP interacts with triadin, a protein associated with the ryanodine receptor and thought to be involved in calcium release. Its calcium binding properties, localization to the SR, and interaction with triadin suggest that HRCBP is involved in calcium handling by the SR."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504710",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 464,
"offsetInEndSection": 615,
"text": "Using a fusion protein binding assay, we further identified the histidine-rich acidic repeats of HRC as responsible for the binding of HRC to triadin. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504710",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 686,
"offsetInEndSection": 1107,
"text": "The HRC binding domain of triadin was also localized by fusion protein binding assay to the lumenal region containing the KEKE motif that was previously shown to be involved in the binding of triadin to calsequestrin. Notably, the interaction of HRC and triadin is Ca(2+)-sensitive. Our data suggest that HRC may play a role in the regulation of Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by interaction with triadin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 394,
"offsetInEndSection": 556,
"text": "Further support for colocalization of HRC with triadin cytoplasmic domain is provided here by experiments of mild tryptic digestion of tightly sealed TC vesicles."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 739,
"offsetInEndSection": 888,
"text": "We demonstrate that HRC can be isolated as a complex with triadin, following equilibrium sucrose-density centrifugation in the presence of mM Ca(2+)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 889,
"offsetInEndSection": 1146,
"text": "Here, we characterized the COOH-terminal portion of rabbit HRC, expressed and purified as a fusion protein (HRC(569-852)), with respect to Ca(2+)-binding properties, and to the interaction with triadin on blots, as a function of the concentration of Ca(2+)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1147,
"offsetInEndSection": 1472,
"text": "Our results identify the polyglutamic stretch near the COOH terminus, as the Ca(2+)-binding site responsible, both for the acceleration in mobility of HRC on SDS-PAGE in the presence of millimolar concentrations of Ca(2+), and for the enhancement by high Ca(2+) of the interaction between HRC and triadin cytoplasmic segment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531621",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 191,
"offsetInEndSection": 523,
"text": "In addition to providing further evidence that HCP coenriches with RyR1, FKBP-12, triadin and calsequestrin (CS) in sucrose-density-purified TC vesicles, using specific polyclonal antibody, we show it to be expressed as a single protein species, both in fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibers, and to identically localize to the I-band."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531621",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 524,
"offsetInEndSection": 773,
"text": "Colocalization of HCP and triadin at junctional triads is supported by the overlapping staining pattern using monoclonal antibodies to triadin. We show a specific binding interaction between digoxigenin-HCP and triadin, using ligand blot techniques."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531621",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 969,
"offsetInEndSection": 1143,
"text": "Suggesting that triadin dually interacts with HCP and with CS, at distinct sites, we have found that triadin-CS interaction in overlays does not require the presence of Ca2+."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531621",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1472,
"offsetInEndSection": 1667,
"text": "These differential effects form the basis for the hypothesis that HCP anchors to the junctional membrane domain of the SR, through binding to triadin short cytoplasmic domain at the NH2 terminus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531621",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1668,
"offsetInEndSection": 1906,
"text": "Although the function of this interaction, as such, is not well understood, it seems of potential biological interest within the more general context of the structural-functional role of triadin at the triadic junction in skeletal muscle."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22952658",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 324,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Histidine-rich calcium binding protein (HRC) is located in the lumen of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that binds to both triadin (TRN) and SERCA affecting Ca(2+) cycling in the SR. Chronic overexpression of HRC that may disrupt intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis is implicated in pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504710",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Interaction of HRC (histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein) and triadin in the lumen of sarcoplasmic reticulum."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 152,
"offsetInEndSection": 294,
"text": "The histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) is an SR component that binds to triadin and may affect Ca release through the ryanodine receptor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 194,
"text": "A direct binding of HRC (histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein) to triadin, the main transmembrane protein of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle, seems well supported."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807542",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 528,
"offsetInEndSection": 626,
"text": "The HRC effects on RyR may be regulated by the Ca(2+)-sensitivity of its interaction with triadin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 292,
"text": "The histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) is an SR component that binds to triadin and may affect Ca release through the ryanodine receptor"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12480542",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 126,
"offsetInEndSection": 275,
"text": "Because HRC appears to interact directly with triadin, HRC may play a role in the regulation of Ca(2+) release during excitation-contraction coupling"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "A direct binding of HRC (histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein) to triadin, the main transmembrane protein of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle, seems well supported"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "A direct binding of HRC (histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein) to triadin, the main transmembrane protein of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle, seems well supported"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 152,
"offsetInEndSection": 293,
"text": "The histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) is an SR component that binds to triadin and may affect Ca release through the ryanodine receptor"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504710",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Interaction of HRC (histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein) and triadin in the lumen of sarcoplasmic reticulum."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRDN_CANFA",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4263030"
] |
[] |
54c12fd1f693c3b16b000001
| 624 |
yesno
|
Is fatigue prevalent in patients receiving treatment for glioblastoma?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
Yes, fatigue is a common complication of glioblastoma patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23642624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22832897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22090453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22079725",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21986722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21514945",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20729242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20665891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20510539",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308655",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20200024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19904263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19593660",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18990027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18758912",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18581057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18477765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14649883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2168357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008359",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23422478",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419575",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23184145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086432"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23642624",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1468,
"offsetInEndSection": 1602,
"text": "By contrast, fatigue worsened over time, with a difference in mean score of 5.6 points between baseline and 4-month follow-up (P=.02)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22832897",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 655,
"offsetInEndSection": 789,
"text": "In the GB cohort, the most common side effects were fatigue (56 %), diarrhea (44 %), neutropenia (31 %), and thrombocytopenia (25 %). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22090453",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 635,
"offsetInEndSection": 969,
"text": "A total of 37 patients were treated, and treatment was well tolerated: grade 3, 4 nonhematologic toxicity occurred in 30% of patients and consisted mainly of fatigue (14%) and neuropathy (5%); grade 3, 4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 37% of patients and consisted of thrombocytopenia (30%), lymphopenia (4%), and neutropenia (4%). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22079725",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1294,
"offsetInEndSection": 1409,
"text": "Nonhematologic Grade 3 toxicity was rare, and included fatigue in 4 patients and cognitive disability in 1 patient."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21986722",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1329,
"offsetInEndSection": 1457,
"text": "The most common grade 3 events were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, and infection in 25, 20, 13, and 10%, respectively. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21514945",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 710,
"offsetInEndSection": 1104,
"text": "Analysis of the results of the VAS Norris scale did not demonstrate an increase in emotional fatigue but did show an increase in physical fatigue that did not reach statistical significance. With regards to the MFI 20 tool, analysis of the results demonstrated a significant increase in general (P=0.0260) as well as physical (P=0.0141) fatigue but there was no difference in the other indices."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21514945",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1117,
"offsetInEndSection": 1259,
"text": "This study demonstrated a progressive increase in physical fatigue in patients with glioblastoma relapse treated with irinotecan-bevacizumab. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20729242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1277,
"offsetInEndSection": 1470,
"text": "One patient treated with temozolomide plus isotretinoin plus thalidomide had dose-limiting grade 3 fatigue and rash, and 1 patient receiving all 4 agents had dose-limiting grade 4 neutropenia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20665891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 853,
"offsetInEndSection": 969,
"text": "The toxicities observed were primarily grade 1 and 2, and the most common were fatigue, hypertension, and headache. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20510539",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1633,
"offsetInEndSection": 1779,
"text": "Fatigue (41%), rash (62%), and loose stools (58%) constituted the most frequent adverse events, the majority of these being limited to Grade 1/2. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308655",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1349,
"offsetInEndSection": 1454,
"text": "The most common grades 3 and 4 nonhematologic toxicities were nausea/vomiting (6.7%) and fatigue (5.8%). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20200024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 762,
"offsetInEndSection": 1021,
"text": "Grade 3/4 toxicities included leukopenia (n = 1), lymphopenia (n = 2), thrombocytopenia (n = 1), ALT elevation (n = 3), AST elevation (n = 1), CNS hemorrhage (n = 1), fatigue (n = 1), and thrombotic/embolic events (n = 3); 8 patients required dose reduction. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19904263",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 879,
"offsetInEndSection": 994,
"text": "The most common grade 3 or greater adverse events were fatigue (7%), neutropaenia (7%), and thrombocytopaenia (7%)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19593660",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 981,
"offsetInEndSection": 1205,
"text": "Bevacizumab-related toxicity included fatigue (16 patients; 4 grade 3), leukopenia (9; 1 grade 3), anemia (5; 0 grade 3), hypertension (7; 1 grade 3), deep vein thrombosis (4; 1 grade 3) and wound dehiscence (2; 1 grade 3). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18990027",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "Tiredness may be caused by the brain injury due to the tumor or the treatment in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Some patients describe a sense of tiredness particularly after radiation or oral chemotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18990027",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 876,
"offsetInEndSection": 996,
"text": "Levels of tiredness in patients with GBM were greatly affected by the radiotherapy and oral chemotherapy (temozolomide)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18758912",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1405,
"offsetInEndSection": 1534,
"text": "The treatment had no negative effect on HRQOL, however, fatigue (P = 0.02) and constipation (P = 0.01) scales worsened over time."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18581057",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 953,
"offsetInEndSection": 1089,
"text": " This regimen was well tolerated with grade 3/4 toxicities of fatigue, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and rash requiring dose reductions. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18477765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 925,
"offsetInEndSection": 1018,
"text": "The most common atrasentan-related toxicities were grade 1 or 2 rhinitis, fatigue, and edema."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14649883",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 661,
"offsetInEndSection": 761,
"text": "One patient developed Grade IV fatigue at the 100 ng/mL dose, but the MTD has not been established. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2168357",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1231,
"offsetInEndSection": 1378,
"text": "Side-effects in all patients have included varying degrees of anorexia, fatigue, ipsilateral forehead dermatitis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008359",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 448,
"offsetInEndSection": 616,
"text": " Some patients suffered from fatigue and weak concentration about three months after the end of radiotherapy, in some cases even the neurologic state was deteriorated. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23422478",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1344,
"offsetInEndSection": 1545,
"text": "grade 1-2 common toxicities included fever, chills, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and headache, neutrophilia and skin painful reactions appeared regularly at levels 3 and 4 (2.5 mg and 3.5 mg). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 939,
"offsetInEndSection": 1141,
"text": "Ten episodes of grade 3/4 adverse events were observed in nine patients, including fatigue (n = 3), thrombocytopenia (n = 4), and myelotoxicity, febrile neutropenia, and pulmonary embolism (each n = 1)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23184145",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1306,
"offsetInEndSection": 1397,
"text": "Common adverse events were CTCAE grade 1-2 fatigue, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and nausea."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086432",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 980,
"offsetInEndSection": 1097,
"text": "The most common grade 3-4 toxicities were venous thrombosis, fatigue, skin reactions, encephalopathy, and neuropathy."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015995",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005909",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005221",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3073",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3068",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005222"
] |
[] |
530e42e65937551c09000007
| 625 |
yesno
|
Should we treat all patients with glaucoma?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, treating all glaucoma patients is essential to prevent the progression of visual field defects.', "Yes, it is generally recommended to treat all patients diagnosed with glaucoma. Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can lead to irreversible vision loss and even blindness if left untreated. The main goal of treatment is to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Treatment options include medications, laser treatments, and surgeries. Each patient's situation is unique, so a personalized treatment plan should be developed in consultation with an eye care professional. Early detection and consistent management are key to preserving vision and preventing progression of glaucoma."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17937041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32343668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18700453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23741132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27123557",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36564597",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28442683",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34179574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26909513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35366846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15663346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417824",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30296451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36307903",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018725",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33433580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2562546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35647957",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17508036"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36307903",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 175,
"text": "Trans-scleral diode laser cycloablation (cyclodiode) is effective in the short-term management of refractory glaucoma where alternative treatments are not feasible"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33433580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Many patients with glaucoma are asymptomatic early in the disease course"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33433580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 157,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": "Primary care clinicians should know which patients to refer to an eye care professional for a complete eye examination to check for signs of glaucoma"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33433580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 596,
"offsetInEndSection": 785,
"text": "Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy, characterized by damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer, that can lead to permanent loss of peripheral or central vision"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33433580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1373,
"offsetInEndSection": 1553,
"text": " Treatment of glaucoma involves lowering intraocular pressure. This can be achieved with various classes of glaucoma medications as well as laser and incisional surgical procedures"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33433580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1581,
"offsetInEndSection": 1792,
"text": "Vision loss from glaucoma can be minimized by recognizing systemic conditions and medications that increase a patient's risk of glaucoma and referring high-risk patients for a complete ophthalmologic examination"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35647957",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 53,
"text": "irreversible vision loss from Glaucoma "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35647957",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 127,
"offsetInEndSection": 235,
"text": "intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor identified to prevent glaucomatous vision loss"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35647957",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 237,
"offsetInEndSection": 315,
"text": "Medical management remains the first-line of treatment in most adult glaucomas"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417824",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 85,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "At present, all resources are directed towards reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), the only known causal and treatable risk factor for glaucoma, and medical management is frequently the first choice in most cases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417824",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 483,
"offsetInEndSection": 730,
"text": "The philosophy of glaucoma management is to preserve the visual function and quality of life (QOL) of the individual with minimum effects on QOL in terms of cost, side effects, treatment regime, follow-up schedules as well as socioeconomic burden."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17508036",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 465,
"offsetInEndSection": 656,
"text": "Thus, intraocular pressure-lowering strategies combined with neuroprotective therapies to protect visual neurons in the retina and brain may help to preserve vision in patients with glaucoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32343668",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 803,
"offsetInEndSection": 1225,
"text": "In patients with manifest glaucoma, lowering the intraocular pressure prevents the progression of visual field defects, with a number needed to treat of 7.CONCLUSION: The diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma rests on multiple pillars, all of which must be considered for establishing the diagnosis and defining the desired target pressure: these are, among others, the intraocular pressure and ocular function and morphology."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27123557",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 326,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Medical therapy of glaucoma aims to maintain the patient's visual function and quality of life. This generally commences with monotherapy, but it is often difficult to reach the predetermined target pressure with this approach. Fixed combinations (FCs) are therefore selected as the next step of the medical ther"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26909513",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 233,
"text": "Current management of glaucoma entails the medical, laser, or surgical reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) to a predetermined level of target IOP, which is commensurate with either stability or delayed progression of visual loss."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15663346",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 653,
"offsetInEndSection": 889,
"text": "Treatment of all forms of glaucoma consists of reducing IOP. With proper treatment, progression of this disease can often be delayed or prevented. Treatment options for glaucoma include medications, laser therapy and incisional surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018725",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 229,
"offsetInEndSection": 341,
"text": "IOP reduction by medical, laser, or surgical therapies remains the only clinically proven treatment of glaucoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18700453",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 361,
"text": "Over the past decade, results from prospective, randomized, clinical trials have confirmed the value of reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma and have outlined the need to consider a target IOP in an individual glaucomatous patient and not an arbitrary value of 21 mm Hg as classically believed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30296451",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 126,
"offsetInEndSection": 382,
"text": "Intraocular pressure is the main risk factor for glaucoma, and intraocular pressure-lowering treatment remains the mainstay of glaucoma treatment, but even successful intraocular pressure reduction does not stop the progression of glaucoma in all patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34179574",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 445,
"offsetInEndSection": 672,
"text": "Knowing the type of glaucoma is vital, especially regarding an individualized treatment, since each patient is unique and needs to be treated accordingly, in order to prevent glaucomatous optic neuropathy and visual field loss."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17937041",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1288,
"offsetInEndSection": 1552,
"text": "n mean IOP respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study support the concept that the majority of glaucoma patients, who are responding inadequately to other glaucoma therapies, could benefit from a change to travoprost monotherapy or from the addition of "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28442683",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1526,
"offsetInEndSection": 1720,
"text": "Although the general rule is to initiate glaucoma management with medical treatment, the limits of medical therapy should be considered to identify those patients in need of surgical management."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23741132",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1152,
"offsetInEndSection": 1387,
"text": "Treatment for advanced glaucoma can be highly effective, and patients and their care partners should be informed that aggressive IOP lowering to the low teens or even single digits offers the best chance of protecting remaining vision."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35366846",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Treatment of open angle glaucoma (OAG) and/or ocular hypertension (OHT) focuses on achievement of target intraocular pressure (IOP), with the objective of slowing disease "
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
65f85f77c4010b4d78000053
| 626 |
yesno
|
is pharmacological treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism effective in reducing cardiovascular events?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
whether SH confers a high risk for cardiovascular disease, and whether LT4 therapy has a long-term benefit that clearly outweighs the risks of overzealous treatment in these individuals, remain topics of controversy.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23369134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23252247",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22529180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21823062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807695",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19463607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19006851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17636722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16542047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16026106",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16259335"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559085",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1802,
"offsetInEndSection": 2119,
"text": "The decision to treat elderly people is still an unresolved clinical challenge--first, due to a lack of appropriately powered randomized controlled trials of L-T4 in sHT patients, examining cardiovascular hard endpoints in various classes of age; and second, because of the negative effects of possible overtreatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23369134",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1562,
"offsetInEndSection": 1891,
"text": "The lack of specific randomized trials enrolling either old or very old subjects, aimed at evaluate the efficacy of hormonal replacement on overall survival and cardiovascular risk reduction along with the negative effects of possible over-treatment, makes the decision to treat older people a still unresolved clinical challenge"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23252247",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 924,
"offsetInEndSection": 1035,
"text": "In patients with type 2 DM, the presence of SH serves as an additional risk factor for endothelial dysfunction."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22529180",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1535,
"offsetInEndSection": 1673,
"text": "Treatment of SCH with levothyroxine was associated with fewer IHD events in younger individuals, but this was not evident in older people."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21823062",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1498,
"offsetInEndSection": 1695,
"text": "Subclinical hyperthyroidism seems to be a risk factor of developing major cardiovascular events, especially stroke in older adults from the general population with normal left ventricular function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19463607",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1415,
"offsetInEndSection": 1709,
"text": "SCH appears to influence the postoperative outcome for patients by increasing the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation. However, it is still unproven whether preoperative thyroxine replacement therapy for patients with SCH might prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation after CABG."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19006851",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1197,
"offsetInEndSection": 1341,
"text": "In CHF patients TSH levels even slightly above normal range are independently associated with a greater likelihood of heart failure progression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17636722",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2028,
"offsetInEndSection": 2309,
"text": "In current RCTs, levothyroxine replacement therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism did not result in improved survival or decreased cardiovascular morbidity. Data on health-related quality of life and symptoms did not demonstrate significant differences between intervention groups."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16542047",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2028,
"offsetInEndSection": 2423,
"text": "However, the actual effectiveness of thyroid hormone substitution in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events remains to be elucidated. In conclusion, the multiplicity and the possible reversibility of subclinical hypothyroidism-associated cardiovascular abnormalities suggest that the decision to treat a patient should depend on the presence of risk factors, rather than on a TSH threshold. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16026106",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1408,
"offsetInEndSection": 1633,
"text": "However, whether SH confers a high risk for cardiovascular disease, and whether LT4 therapy has a long-term benefit that clearly outweighs the risks of overzealous treatment in these individuals, remain topics of controversy."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007037",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013812",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002318",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016896",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1459",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:114"
] |
[] |
52d7b45e98d0239505000002
| 627 |
yesno
|
Is trichotillomania encountered with equali frequency in males and females?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No, the disease affects mainly female patients.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35118122"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35118122",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 337,
"text": "The disease affects mainly female patients, who often deny the habit, and it usually presents with a bizarre pattern nonscarring patchy alopecia with short hair and a negative pull test. "
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
6414c124690f196b51000002
| 628 |
yesno
|
Is PTEN a tumour suppressor?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29858604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29460925"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29858604",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 34,
"text": "PTEN is a potent tumour suppressor"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29460925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Genomic aberrations of the PTEN tumour suppressor gene are among the most common in prostate cancer."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e6df5b51af46fc130000025
| 629 |
yesno
|
Is bortezomib a Proteasome inhibitor?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is effective for a variety of tumors, but not for GBM. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib', 'Yes, bortezomib is a Proteasome inhibitor.', 'Yes, bortezomib is a potent and specific reversible ubiquitin/proteasome inhibitor.', 'yes, The proteasome-inhibitor bortezomib', 'Yes bortezomib is a Proteasome inhibitor.', 'proteasome inhibitor bortezomib', 'The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is effective for a variety of tumors, but not for gbm.', 'Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26288836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22702336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28409734",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16278210",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31088925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22027222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21247388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22216088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28860152",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28317148"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28317148",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 35,
"text": "The proteasome-inhibitor bortezomib"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28409734",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 158,
"offsetInEndSection": 249,
"text": "The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is effective for a variety of tumors, but not for GBM. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28860152",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 32,
"text": "Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22027222",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, registered for Multiple Myeloma treatment, is currently explored for activity in solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22702336",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 82,
"text": "Regulation of osteoblastic differentiation by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31088925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 216,
"offsetInEndSection": 446,
"text": "The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (also known as Velcade and PS-341) is a clinically effective antineoplastic drug that is FDA approved for treatment of hematologic malignancies such as multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21247388",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Bortezomib as the first proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug: current status and future perspectives."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16278210",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is emerging as a potent anti-cancer agent."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22216088",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Bortezomib (Velcade™) is a reversible proteasome inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26288836",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": "The proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib is used to treat multiple myeloma (MM)."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e3c6850b5b409ea5300001f
| 630 |
yesno
|
Does Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab improve prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No. Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab did not improve overall survival and progression-free survival versus lenvatinib plus placebo of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38039993"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38039993",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3603,
"offsetInEndSection": 4010,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: In earlier studies, the addition of pembrolizumab to lenvatinib as first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma has shown promising clinical activity; however, lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab did not meet prespecified significance for improved overall survival and progression-free survival versus lenvatinib plus placebo. Our findings do not support a change in clinical practice."
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
65d372231930410b13000047
| 631 |
yesno
|
Do all proteins start with methionine?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['All proteins do not necessarily start with methionine, but it is common for eukaryotic and archaeal proteins to begin with this amino acid. During the initiation of translation, the first codon in the mRNA sequence is typically an AUG codon, which codes for methionine. This process is facilitated by the initiator tRNA (tRNAi^Met) that carries methionine and recognizes the start codon. However, there are exceptions to this rule. In some cases, alternative start codons such as CUG, GUG, or UUG can be used to initiate translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These alternative start codons usually code for amino acids like leucine or valine instead of methionine. Additionally, post-translational modifications can occur after protein synthesis, leading to the removal of the initial methionine or its modification into another amino acid like acetylated methionine or formylmethionine (fMet), which is commonly found in bacterial proteins. Therefore, while many proteins do initially start with methionine due to the canonical AUG start codon, there are exceptions where alternative initiation events or post-translational modifications result in proteins that do not begin with this amino acid.', 'Methionine is commonly considered as the first amino acid in most proteins. However, not all proteins start with methionine. In some cases, the initial methionine residue is removed post-translationally by specific enzymes called aminopeptidases. Additionally, alternative translation initiation sites can also lead to the production of protein isoforms that lack the N-terminal methionine residue. Moreover, some proteins have an initiator tRNA that carries a formylated methionine instead of a regular methionine at their N-terminus. This formyl group is usually removed later by deformylases. Therefore, while methionine is often present at the beginning of many proteins, it is not always required for proper protein function or stability.', "In eukaryotes, it is generally assumed that translation initiation occurs at the AUG codon closest to the messenger RNA 5' cap, which codes for methionine; hence, an initial assumption would be that all proteins should contain a methionine at their N-terminus (i.e., start site). However, this is not the case mostly for two reasons. First, in certain cases, initiation can occur at codons differing from AUG, which may still code for methionine (e.g., AGG) or less commonly another amino acid (e.g., GUC coding for valine). Moreover, N-terminal methionine can be cleaved after translation by the enzyme methionine aminopeptidase and this removal can be crucial for the function and stability of the final protein. For these reasons, not all proteins start with methionine at their N-terminus."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28369664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8199241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15215523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36173861",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11738381",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12867081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9710598",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21266472"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12867081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 501,
"text": "The use of several translation initiation codons in a single mRNA, by expressing several proteins from a single gene, contributes to the generation of protein diversity. A small, yet growing, number of mammalian mRNAs initiate translation from a non-AUG codon, in addition to initiating at a downstream in-frame AUG codon. Translation initiation on such mRNAs results in the synthesis of proteins harbouring different amino terminal domains potentially conferring on these isoforms distinct functions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21266472",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 531,
"text": "In eukaryotes, it is generally assumed that translation initiation occurs at the AUG codon closest to the messenger RNA 5' cap. However, in certain cases, initiation can occur at codons differing from AUG by a single nucleotide, especially the codons CUG, UUG, GUG, ACG, AUA and AUU. While non-AUG initiation has been experimentally verified for a handful of human genes, the full extent to which this phenomenon is utilized--both for increased coding capacity and potentially also for novel regulatory mechanisms--remains unclear."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15215523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "The removal of N-terminal translation initiator Met by methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is often crucial for the function and stability of proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28369664",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 201,
"text": "Protein synthesis is initiated by methionine in eukaryotes and by formylmethionine in prokaryotes. N-terminal methionine can be co-translationally cleaved by the enzyme methionine aminopeptidase (MAP)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334756",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 235,
"text": "Our understanding of translation underpins our capacity to engineer living systems. The canonical start codon (AUG) and a few near-cognates (GUG, UUG) are considered as the 'start codons' for translation initiation in Escherichia coli."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334756",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 571,
"offsetInEndSection": 672,
"text": "Translation from non-canonical start codons ranged from 0.007 to 3% relative to translation from AUG."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9710598",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 403,
"text": "Protein synthesis is initiated universally with the amino acid methionine. In Escherichia coli, studies with anticodon sequence mutants of the initiator methionine tRNA have shown that protein synthesis can be initiated with several other amino acids. In eukaryotic systems, however, a yeast initiator tRNA aminoacylated with isoleucine was found to be inactive in initiation in mammalian cell extracts."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9710598",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 881,
"offsetInEndSection": 1207,
"text": "Our results show that in the presence of the corresponding mutant initiator tRNAs, AGG and GUC can initiate protein synthesis in COS1 cells with methionine and valine, respectively. CAG initiates protein synthesis with glutamine but extremely poorly, whereas UAG could not be used to initiate protein synthesis with glutamine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8199241",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Methionine is the universal translation start but the first methionine is removed from most mature proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36173861",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Protein synthesis generally starts with a methionine that is removed during translation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11738381",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "Most mature proteins do not retain their initial N-terminal amino acid (methionine in the cytosol and N-formyl methionine in the organelles)."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
644e642a57b1c7a315000075
| 632 |
yesno
|
Are patients with marfan syndrome at increased risk of arrhythmias?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
Patients with marfan syndrome carry increased risk for arrhythmias
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22738784",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17597390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12535830"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22738784",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a variable, autosomal-dominant disorder of the connective tissue. In MFS serious ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) can occur."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17597390",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 127,
"offsetInEndSection": 191,
"text": "Marfan's patients carry increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12535830",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 774,
"offsetInEndSection": 935,
"text": "Ventricular arrhythmias were present in 21% and were associated with increased left ventricular size, mitral valve prolapse, and abnormalities of repolarization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12535830",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 949,
"offsetInEndSection": 1277,
"text": "Cardiac complications are rare in young patients with Marfan syndrome receiving medical therapy and close clinical follow-up. Sudden death still occurs, and appears more common in patients with a dilated left ventricle. Left ventricular dilation may predispose to alterations of repolarization and fatal ventricular arrhythmias."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008382",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012306",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001145"
] |
[] |
532f0c4ed6d3ac6a3400002e
| 633 |
yesno
|
Could the Menzerath-Altmann law be proved mathematically trivial in genomes?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. The view of Menzerath-Altmann law in genomes, as inevitable, is seriously flawed.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 581,
"offsetInEndSection": 1101,
"text": "Here we review the statistical foundations of that test and consider three non-parametric tests based upon different correlation metrics and one parametric test to evaluate if Z ∼ 1/X in genomes. The most powerful test is a new non-parametric one based upon the correlation ratio, which is able to reject Z ∼ 1/X in nine out of 11 taxonomic groups and detect a borderline group. Rather than a fact, Z ∼ 1/X is a baseline that real genomes do not meet. The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1095,
"offsetInEndSection": 1163,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1095,
"offsetInEndSection": 1163,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1033,
"offsetInEndSection": 1101,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1033,
"offsetInEndSection": 1101,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1033,
"offsetInEndSection": 1101,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1033,
"offsetInEndSection": 1101,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1033,
"offsetInEndSection": 1101,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1033,
"offsetInEndSection": 1101,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1039,
"offsetInEndSection": 1107,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1039,
"offsetInEndSection": 1107,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1039,
"offsetInEndSection": 1107,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1039,
"offsetInEndSection": 1107,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1039,
"offsetInEndSection": 1107,
"text": "The view of Menzerath-Altmann law as inevitable is seriously flawed."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678"
] |
[] |
56bb1b4eac7ad10019000004
| 634 |
yesno
|
Does BNP increase after intensive exercise in athletes?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
BNP and NTproBNP increase early after exercise in healthy athletes performing different types of sports. It is unknown the reason of this increase. The transient increases in BNP, NT-pro-BNP and troponin T are more likely to reflect myocardial stunning than cardiomyocyte damage.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22653984",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19092706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630737",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18248532",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18076361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16879068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16338248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16125505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14523304",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890912",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11320362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23304255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18184752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19638823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16446686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12417808"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22653984",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1235,
"offsetInEndSection": 1368,
"text": "NT-pro-BNP was significantly elevated postexercise in both adults and adolescents and remained above baseline at 24 h in both groups."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19092706",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1266,
"offsetInEndSection": 1427,
"text": "NT-pro-BNP concentrations increased significantly (28 +/- 17.1 vs 795 +/- 823 ng x L, P < 0.05), whereas postrace cTnT were elevated in just five athletes (20%)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630737",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 581,
"offsetInEndSection": 902,
"text": "[NT-pro-BNP] was observed immediately after the marathon (median [NT-pro-BNP] before: 39.6 pg ml(-1), after: 138.6 pg ml(-1), p=0.003) with a further increase on day one. [BNP] did not increase immediately after the marathon but increased on day one (median [BNP] before: 15 pg ml(-1), day one: 27.35 pg ml(-1), p=0.006)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18248532",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 714,
"offsetInEndSection": 896,
"text": "Pro-BNP was significantly increased immediately post-race (27+/-21 vs 7+/-2 pmol/L pre-race, P < or = 0.007), which 12-24 h later, decreased to 19+/-14 pmol/L (P = 0.07 vs pre-race)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18076361",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1240,
"offsetInEndSection": 1520,
"text": "The relatively high NT-proBNP levels after active recovery when psychophysical stress is higher, because of cycling and cold water immersion, suggest that not only endurance exercise, but also strenuous, stressful short exercise can induce an increase in NT-proBNP concentrations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16879068",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1276,
"offsetInEndSection": 1418,
"text": "Running a marathon significantly increases NT-pro-BNP levels in healthy adults. This increase could be partially attributed to cardiac stress."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16338248",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1468,
"offsetInEndSection": 1843,
"text": "Increases in NT-proBNP can be found in a major part of obviously healthy athletes after prolonged strenuous exercise. The release of BNP during and after exercise may not result from myocardial damage but may have cytoprotective and growth-regulating effects. The different nature of exercise-induced increases in BNP and cardiac troponins has to be elucidated in the future."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16125505",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1056,
"offsetInEndSection": 1175,
"text": "In healthy cyclists, transient increases in NT-pro-BNP and cTnT are more likely to reflect cardiac fatigue than injury."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14523304",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1670,
"offsetInEndSection": 1777,
"text": "The rise in BNP in older athletes may reflect a reversible, mainly diastolic left ventricular dysfunction. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890912",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 752,
"offsetInEndSection": 918,
"text": "Plasma BNP concentrations were higher in both the judo and marathon groups than in controls, and positively correlated with LV mass as well as with deceleration time."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11320362",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1435,
"offsetInEndSection": 1593,
"text": "Such exercise significantly increased ANP and BNP levels in healthy men, and the increases could be partially attributed to myocardial damage during the race."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056352",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020097",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013177",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015444",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANFB_OREMO",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054874"
] |
[] |
531d2aa5267d7dd053000003
| 635 |
yesno
|
Are interferons defensive proteins?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes,\nThe innate immune system, in particular the type I interferon (IFN) response, is a powerful defence against virus infections.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31711273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32827605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755617"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32827605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "In response to viral infections, various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are activated for the production of type I interferon (IFN I). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 50,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": " activating interferon (IFN) production and positively regulating antiviral response in mammals. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31711273",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "The innate immune system, in particular the type I interferon (IFN) response, is a powerful defence against virus infections. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783148",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 210,
"text": "The interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx is responsible for a specific antiviral state against a broad spectrum of viral infections that are induced by type-I interferons (IFN α/β) in different vertebrates"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
60490dc71cb411341a000167
| 636 |
yesno
|
Are there ultraconserved regions in the budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. In addition to some fundamental biological functions, ultraconserved regions play an important role in the adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the acidic environment.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028909"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028909",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The systematic analysis of ultraconserved genomic regions in the budding yeast."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028909",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 1147,
"text": "In the evolution of species, a kind of special sequences, termed ultraconserved sequences (UCSs), have been inherited without any change, which strongly suggests those sequences should be crucial for the species to survive or adapt to the environment. However, the UCSs are still regarded as mysterious genetic sequences so far. Here, we present a systematic study of ultraconserved genomic regions in the budding yeast based on the publicly available genome sequences, in order to reveal their relationship with the adaptability or fitness advantages of the budding yeast.Results: Our results indicate that, in addition to some fundamental biological functions, the UCSs play an important role in the adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the acidic environment, which is backed up by the previous observation. Besides that, we also find the highly unchanged genes are enriched in some other pathways, such as the nutrient-sensitive signaling pathway. To facilitate the investigation of unique UCSs, the UCSC Genome Browser was utilized to visualize the chromosomal position and related annotations of UCSs in S.cerevisiae genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028909",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 340,
"offsetInEndSection": 584,
"text": "Here, we present a systematic study of ultraconserved genomic regions in the budding yeast based on the publicly available genome sequences, in order to reveal their relationship with the adaptability or fitness advantages of the budding yeast."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028909",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 262,
"text": "Motivation\nIn the evolution of species, a kind of special sequences, termed ultraconserved sequences (UCSs), have been inherited without any change, which strongly suggests those sequences should be crucial for the species to survive or adapt to the environment."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028909",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 363,
"text": "The systematic analysis of ultraconserved genomic regions in the budding yeast.<AbstractText Label=\"Motivation\">In the evolution of species, a kind of special sequences, termed ultraconserved sequences (UCSs), have been inherited without any change, which strongly suggests those sequences should be crucial for the species to survive or adapt to the environment. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028909",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 441,
"offsetInEndSection": 685,
"text": "Here, we present a systematic study of ultraconserved genomic regions in the budding yeast based on the publicly available genome sequences, in order to reveal their relationship with the adaptability or fitness advantages of the budding yeast. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028909",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 348,
"offsetInEndSection": 845,
"text": "Here, we present a systematic study of ultraconserved genomic regions in the budding yeast based on the publicly available genome sequences, in order to reveal their relationship with the adaptability or fitness advantages of the budding yeast.<br><b>Results</b>: Our results indicate that, in addition to some fundamental biological functions, the UCSs play an important role in the adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the acidic environment, which is backed up by the previous observation."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c6d7bb57c78d6947100003b
| 637 |
yesno
|
Is collagen the most abundant human protein?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, collagen is the most abundant protein family in mammals.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29146366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29144022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28929384"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28929384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 154,
"offsetInEndSection": 336,
"text": "As the most abundant protein in the body, collagen is essential to maintain the normal structure and strength of connective tissue, such as bones, skin, cartilage, and blood vessels."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29146366",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 56,
"text": "Collagen is the most abundant protein family in mammals."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29144022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 267,
"text": "Collagen is a fibrillar protein that conforms the conjunctive and connective tissues in the human body, essentially skin, joints, and bones. This molecule is one of the most abundant in many of the living organisms due to its connective role in biological structures."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c783236d774d04240000001
| 638 |
yesno
|
Do we find bacteriophages in the gut?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['yes,\nBacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages) of the gut have increasingly become a focus in microbiome studies, with an understanding that they are likely key players in health and disease.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34560321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33137401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33465423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33176253",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33171009"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34560321",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 830,
"offsetInEndSection": 935,
"text": "a multitude of symbiotic bacteria and bacteriophages are decreased in abundance in patients with COVID-19"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33465423",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages) of the gut have increasingly become a focus in microbiome studies, with an understanding that they are likely key players in health and disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33176253",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 286,
"offsetInEndSection": 459,
"text": "Already without exogenous intervention, a multitude of phage-bacterial interactions occur within the human gut, some of which might play a direct role in disease progression"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33171009",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "We are surrounded by microbes, mostly bacteria and their viruses or phages, on the inside and outside of our bodies. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33137401",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 317,
"text": "crAssphages are a broad group of diverse bacteriophages in the order Caudovirales that have been found to be highly abundant in the human gastrointestinal tract. Despite their high prevalence, we have an incomplete understanding of how crAssphages shape and respond to ecological and evolutionary dynamics in the gut."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6217dc173a8413c65300002b
| 639 |
yesno
|
Can mogamulizumab be used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, mogamulizumab can be used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29298770"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29298770",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 348,
"text": "In the large international phase III MAVORIC trial, patients with previously treated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma who received the anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody mogamulizumab experienced significantly longer progression-free survival and higher response rates, as well as better quality of life, than those who received vorinostat, a standard therapy."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c65484ee842deac6700001f
| 640 |
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