pietrolesci/pubmed-200k-rct · Datasets at Hugging Face

labels class label 5 classes	text stringlengths 3 1.81k	uid int64 0 2.21M
1CONCLUSIONS	SFI in combination with chemotherapy in treating MC could reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction to chemotherapy , improve clinical symptoms , elevate QOF and enhance immunity in patients with MC .	2,211,400
0BACKGROUND	Probiotics are microbial supplements that have shown efficacy in a wide range of applications .	2,211,401
0BACKGROUND	To assess the safety and effects of enteral probiotics in critically ill neonates .	2,211,402
2METHODS	A double-blind , randomized controlled trial was conducted in 100 full-term infants with critical illness according to scores of neonatal acute physiology .	2,211,403
2METHODS	Fifty neonatal intensive care patients were randomly assigned to receive probiotics three times daily after birth for 8 days , and fifty patients were not given probiotics , but who received a placebo .	2,211,404
2METHODS	The incidence of sepsis , multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ) , nosocomial pneumonia , and necrotizing enterocolitis were recorded .	2,211,405
2METHODS	The prognosis of probiotic treatment was determined based on the rate of recovery and hospital days .	2,211,406
2METHODS	Serum IgA , IgG , and IgM concentrations were measured on days 4 and 8 .	2,211,407
4RESULTS	Infants in the probiotics group showed a significantly reduced rate of nosocomial pneumonia ( 18 % versus 36 % ) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( 6 % versus 16 % ) compared with the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) .	2,211,408
4RESULTS	Significant results were demonstrated in favour of the probiotics for days of hospital stay ( 13 3.5 d versus 15.8 5.3 d ) ( p < 0.05 ) .	2,211,409
4RESULTS	However , there were no significant differences in the occurrence of sepsis , necrotizing enterocolitis , and recovery rate .	2,211,410
4RESULTS	Patients given probiotics had significantly greater levels of IgA than those in the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) .	2,211,411
4RESULTS	No serious adverse effects in the study population were noted .	2,211,412
1CONCLUSIONS	Supplements of probiotics to critically ill neonates could enhance immune activity , decrease occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia and MODS , and reduce days in hospital .	2,211,413
3OBJECTIVE	Decreases in prefrontal electroencephalogram ( EEG ) cordance that are detectable as early as 48 hours after the start of medication have been related to clinical outcome in treatment trials for major depressive disorder .	2,211,414
3OBJECTIVE	The relationship between brain changes during the placebo lead-in phase and medication treatment outcome is unknown .	2,211,415
3OBJECTIVE	The authors hypothesized that decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in phase would be associated with better clinical outcome in subjects treated with antidepressants .	2,211,416
2METHODS	Data were pooled examining 51 adults with major depressive disorder from two independent double-blind placebo-controlled trials .	2,211,417
2METHODS	A 1-week single-blind placebo lead-in phase preceded 8 weeks of randomized treatment with medication ( fluoxetine 20 mg or venlafaxine 150 mg ) or placebo .	2,211,418
2METHODS	The authors obtained quantitative EEG cordance measures at baseline and at the end of the placebo lead-in period .	2,211,419
2METHODS	Relationships between regional cordance changes at the end of the placebo lead-in period and clinical outcome ( the final 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores ) were examined using multiple linear regression analysis .	2,211,420
4RESULTS	As hypothesized , decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in period were associated with lower final Hamilton depression scale scores in subjects randomly assigned to medication .	2,211,421
4RESULTS	Prefrontal changes explained 19 % of the variance in final Hamilton depression scale scores .	2,211,422
1CONCLUSIONS	Neurophysiological changes during a placebo lead-in period may serve as nonpharmacodynamic biomarkers of eventual treatment outcomes in clinical trials for major depressive disorder .	2,211,423
0BACKGROUND	Late onset hypogonadism negatively impacts on men 's psychological well-being .	2,211,424
0BACKGROUND	This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship among symptoms of testosterone deficiency , psychological well-being , and quality of life .	2,211,425
2METHODS	Eligible subjects were randomized into active treatment and control groups , and were asked to complete the following questionnaires at baseline and month 6 : aging male 's symptoms ( AMS ) rating scale , hospital anxiety and depression scale ( HADS ) , perceived stress scale ( PSS ) and the short form health survey-12 ( SF-12 ) .	2,211,426
2METHODS	In this study , men were treated and monitored for 6 months with oral testosterone undecanoate ( TU ) capsules or vitamin E/C capsules in a single-blinded fashion .	2,211,427
2METHODS	All in the active treatment group were administered a total of 120 - 160 mg TU orally on a daily basis .	2,211,428
2METHODS	Total and free T levels between baseline and month 6 were compared .	2,211,429
4RESULTS	One hundred and sixty eligible subjects were recruited and followed up .	2,211,430
4RESULTS	In the active treatment group , total serum testosterone concentrations before and after intervention were ( 7.98 0.73 ) nmol/L and ( 13.7 1.18 ) nmol/L .	2,211,431
4RESULTS	The mean HADS anxiety subscale scores for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 3.47 0.4 and 1.72 0.2 , respectively ( t = 1.526 , P < 0.05 ) .	2,211,432
4RESULTS	Additionally , the mean HADS depression subscale scores were 4.91 0.6 and 2.39 0.3 , respectively ( t = 3.466 , P < 0.05 ) .	2,211,433
4RESULTS	The mean scores on PSS for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 12.88 2.1 and 9.83 1.7 , respectively ( t = 4.009 , P < 0.05 ) .	2,211,434
4RESULTS	Significantly improved SF-12 could be observed ( t = 1.433 and 1.118 , respectively ; both P < 0.05 ) .	2,211,435
4RESULTS	No significant changes were observed in the control group at month 6 .	2,211,436
1CONCLUSIONS	Androgen replacement not only improves androgen deficiency associated symptoms , but also enhances comprehensive improvement in psychological issues .	2,211,437
0BACKGROUND	Methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy ( MAL-PDT ) is an effective treatment in facial/scalp actinic keratosis ( AK ) .	2,211,438
3OBJECTIVE	The aims of this study were to compare efficacy , safety , cosmetic outcome and patient preference of MAL-PDT vs. cryotherapy in patients with AK at other locations .	2,211,439
2METHODS	A multicentre , controlled , randomized , open , intraindividual , right-left comparison was performed .	2,211,440
2METHODS	Patients with nonhyperkeratotic AK were treated once with MAL-PDT and cryotherapy on either side of the body .	2,211,441
2METHODS	At week 12 , lesions showing noncomplete response were retreated .	2,211,442
2METHODS	The primary efficacy variable was the lesion response at week 24 .	2,211,443
2METHODS	Investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome , patient 's preference in terms of cosmetic outcome and a patient preference questionnaire were also analysed at week 24 .	2,211,444
4RESULTS	In total , of 121 patients with 1343 lesions ( 98 % located on the extremities and the remainder on the trunk and neck ) were included .	2,211,445
4RESULTS	Both treatments provided a high mean percentage reduction in lesion count at week 24 with significantly higher efficacy for cryotherapy : 78 % for MAL-PDT and 88 % for cryotherapy ( P = 0.002 , per protocol population ) .	2,211,446
4RESULTS	Investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome was significantly better for MAL-PDT than cryotherapy ( P < 0.001 ) , 79 % of lesions having an excellent cosmetic outcome with MAL-PDT vs. 56 % with cryotherapy at week 24 .	2,211,447
4RESULTS	The cosmetic outcome achieved by MAL-PDT compared with cryotherapy was also preferred by patients ( 50 % vs. 22 % , respectively , P < 0.001 ) , and 59 % of patients would prefer to have any new lesions treated with MAL-PDT compared with 25 % with cryotherapy ( P < 0.001 ) .	2,211,448
4RESULTS	Both treatment regimens were safe and well tolerated .	2,211,449
1CONCLUSIONS	MAL-PDT showed inferior efficacy for treatment of non-face/scalp AK compared with cryotherapy .	2,211,450
1CONCLUSIONS	However , both treatments showed high efficacy , and MAL-PDT conveyed the advantages of better cosmesis and higher patient preference .	2,211,451
3OBJECTIVE	To determine whether patients with borderline semen should be treated with conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) .	2,211,452
2METHODS	Randomized study .	2,211,453
2METHODS	A university medical center in The Netherlands .	2,211,454
2METHODS	One hundred six couples with borderline semen who were undergoing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes .	2,211,455
2METHODS	Performing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes .	2,211,456
2METHODS	Fertilization and pregnancy rates .	2,211,457
4RESULTS	One thousand five hundred eighteen oocytes were collected in 106 oocyte retrievals : 849 oocytes were randomly allocated to ICSI , of which 761 were microinjected , and 669 oocytes were randomly assigned to IVF .	2,211,458
4RESULTS	In 26 of the 106 patients , there was fertilization only after ICSI and not after IVF ( IVF - group ) .	2,211,459
4RESULTS	The fertilization rate was 51 % ( 92/182 oocytes ) .	2,211,460
4RESULTS	In 78 patients , there was fertilization after both IVF and ICSI ( IVF + group ) ; the fertilization rate was 51 % for both the IVF - and ICSI-treated oocytes ( 271/528 oocytes and 334/658 oocytes , respectively ) .	2,211,461
4RESULTS	In 2 patients , there was no fertilization after either IVF ( 0/6 oocytes ) or ICSI ( 0/9 oocytes ) .	2,211,462
4RESULTS	Patients of the IVF + group had a higher total motile sperm count after preparation than did those of the IVF - group .	2,211,463
4RESULTS	More high-quality embryos were obtained after ICSI in patients of the IVF + group .	2,211,464
4RESULTS	In 101 patients , embryo transfer was performed : 26 in the IVF - group and 75 in the IVF + group .	2,211,465
4RESULTS	No significant differences were found with regard to pregnancy rates between those two groups : pregnancy rates were 54 % in the IVF - group and 48 % in the IVF + group .	2,211,466
1CONCLUSIONS	Performing ICSI on at least some of the oocytes will avoid unnecessary fertilization failure in patients with borderline semen : in this study , 26 of 104 cycles ( 25 % ) were rescued by ICSI .	2,211,467
3OBJECTIVE	To explore the quality of data recording by practices and identify issues to be considered and addressed before such data can be used as a continuous measure of immunisation delivery .	2,211,468
2METHODS	One hundred and twenty-four randomly selected general practices visited to measure immunisation coverage using the various practice management systems ( PMS ) in use .	2,211,469
2METHODS	To capture all target children it was necessary to build two queries : one generated a list of all children aged between 6 weeks and 2 years who had been to the practice , regardless of enrollment status ; the other asked dates and nature of all immunisations given .	2,211,470
2METHODS	Each different PMS required a unique query to extract the necessary information .	2,211,471
4RESULTS	Variability encountered included different types and versions of PMS and operating systems ; variable degree of staff technical competence with their PMS ; proportion of enrolled children ranging from nearly 0 to 100 % ; lack of consistency of the nature and location of data entry and coding ; and unreliability of dates relating to some vaccination events .	2,211,472
1CONCLUSIONS	To improve recording of immunisation coverage we recommend a standard early age of registration and enrollment ; standard definitions of the denominator and of immunisation delay ; greater uniformity of PMS ; improved staff training ; intrinsic data quality checks ; integration of PMS with changes in the immunisation schedule ; incentives and interval electronic checks to improve data quality .	2,211,473
3OBJECTIVE	The impact of preoperative gabapentin on tramadol consumption using patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) and postoperative pain was assessed in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy ( RRP ) .	2,211,474
2METHODS	In this prospective , randomized trial , 51 patients undergoing RRP were randomized into two groups : the gabapentin group received 900 mg gabapentin orally 2 h before surgery ; the control group did not receive gabapentin .	2,211,475
2METHODS	Postoperative analgesia was provided by tramadol PCA .	2,211,476
2METHODS	Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale for 24 h , postoperatively .	2,211,477
4RESULTS	Mean cumulative tramadol consumption at 24 h was comparable in the two groups .	2,211,478
4RESULTS	Pain scores at 45 min , 60 min and 2 h postoperatively , and the number of patients who required rescue analgesia , were significantly lower in the gabapentin group than in the control group .	2,211,479
4RESULTS	Side-effects were similar in the two groups .	2,211,480
1CONCLUSIONS	Preoperative administration of 900 mg gabapentin did not decrease tramadol consumption , but was associated with lower pain scores in the early postoperative phase and a reduced need for rescue analgesia , compared with controls , in patients undergoing RRP .	2,211,481
3OBJECTIVE	To evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of cisatracurium ( 51W89 ) and atracurium administered by continuous infusion to critically ill patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation .	2,211,482
2METHODS	Open , randomized , multicenter study of patients receiving cisatracurium or atracurium infusion to facilitate mechanical ventilation .	2,211,483
2METHODS	Five university teaching hospital intensive care units in the United Kingdom .	2,211,484
2METHODS	Sixty-one adult patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation .	2,211,485
2METHODS	Bolus doses followed by continuous infusions of cisatracurium or atracurium were administered .	2,211,486
2METHODS	Onset , maintenance , and recovery of neuromuscular blockade were measured , using transcutaneous ulnar nerve stimulation and an accelerometer .	2,211,487
4RESULTS	Forty patients received cisatracurium ( mean duration 48.1 + / - 4.2 [ SEM ] hrs ) , and 21 patients received atracurium ( mean duration 46.1 + / - 5.8 hrs ) .	2,211,488
4RESULTS	The infusion rate for patients receiving cisatracurium was 3.1 + / - 0.2 microg/kg/min , and for patients receiving atracurium 10.4 + / - 0.9 microg/kg/min .	2,211,489
4RESULTS	There were no significant differences in mean times to 70 % recovery of Train-of-Four ratio ( cisatracurium 60 mins , atracurium 57 mins ) , although there was considerable interpatient variation ( 20 to 175 mins with cisatracurium vs. 35 to 85 mins with atracurium ) .	2,211,490
4RESULTS	One patient who received cisatracurium exhibited intermittent bronchospasm during and after the study period .	2,211,491
1CONCLUSIONS	Cisatracurium , an isomer of atracurium , appears to be a suitable agent for providing muscle relaxation in critically ill patients .	2,211,492
3OBJECTIVE	To compare the efficacy of standard medical therapy ( ST ) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation additional to standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure ( HARF ) .	2,211,493
2METHODS	Single center , prospective , randomized , controlled study .	2,211,494
2METHODS	Pulmonary medicine directed critical care unit in a university hospital .	2,211,495
2METHODS	Between March 1993 and November 1996 , 30 HARF patients were randomized to receive ST or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ( NPPV ) in addition to ST.	2,211,496
2METHODS	NPPV was given with an air-cushioned face via a mechanical ventilator ( Puritan Bennett 7200 ) with initial setting of 5 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure and 15 cm H2O pressure support .	2,211,497
4RESULTS	At the time of randomization , patients in the ST group had ( mean + / - SD ) PaO2 of 54 + / -13 mm Hg , PaCO2 of 67 + / -11 mm Hg , pH of 7.28 + / -0.02 , and respiratory rate of 35.0 + / -5.8 breaths/min .	2,211,498
4RESULTS	Patients in the NPPV group had PaO2 of 55 + / -14 , PaCO2 of 69 + / -15 , pH of 7.27 + / -0.07 , and respiratory rate of 34.0 + / -8.1 breaths/min .	2,211,499

1CONCLUSIONS

SFI in combination with chemotherapy in treating MC could reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction to chemotherapy , improve clinical symptoms , elevate QOF and enhance immunity in patients with MC .

2,211,400

0BACKGROUND

Probiotics are microbial supplements that have shown efficacy in a wide range of applications .

2,211,401

0BACKGROUND

To assess the safety and effects of enteral probiotics in critically ill neonates .

2,211,402

2METHODS

A double-blind , randomized controlled trial was conducted in 100 full-term infants with critical illness according to scores of neonatal acute physiology .

2,211,403

2METHODS

Fifty neonatal intensive care patients were randomly assigned to receive probiotics three times daily after birth for 8 days , and fifty patients were not given probiotics , but who received a placebo .

2,211,404

2METHODS

The incidence of sepsis , multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ) , nosocomial pneumonia , and necrotizing enterocolitis were recorded .

2,211,405

2METHODS

The prognosis of probiotic treatment was determined based on the rate of recovery and hospital days .

2,211,406

2METHODS

Serum IgA , IgG , and IgM concentrations were measured on days 4 and 8 .

2,211,407

4RESULTS

Infants in the probiotics group showed a significantly reduced rate of nosocomial pneumonia ( 18 % versus 36 % ) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( 6 % versus 16 % ) compared with the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) .

2,211,408

4RESULTS

Significant results were demonstrated in favour of the probiotics for days of hospital stay ( 13 3.5 d versus 15.8 5.3 d ) ( p < 0.05 ) .

2,211,409

4RESULTS

However , there were no significant differences in the occurrence of sepsis , necrotizing enterocolitis , and recovery rate .

2,211,410

4RESULTS

Patients given probiotics had significantly greater levels of IgA than those in the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) .

2,211,411

4RESULTS

No serious adverse effects in the study population were noted .

2,211,412

1CONCLUSIONS

Supplements of probiotics to critically ill neonates could enhance immune activity , decrease occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia and MODS , and reduce days in hospital .

2,211,413

3OBJECTIVE

Decreases in prefrontal electroencephalogram ( EEG ) cordance that are detectable as early as 48 hours after the start of medication have been related to clinical outcome in treatment trials for major depressive disorder .

2,211,414

3OBJECTIVE

The relationship between brain changes during the placebo lead-in phase and medication treatment outcome is unknown .

2,211,415

3OBJECTIVE

The authors hypothesized that decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in phase would be associated with better clinical outcome in subjects treated with antidepressants .

2,211,416

2METHODS

Data were pooled examining 51 adults with major depressive disorder from two independent double-blind placebo-controlled trials .

2,211,417

2METHODS

A 1-week single-blind placebo lead-in phase preceded 8 weeks of randomized treatment with medication ( fluoxetine 20 mg or venlafaxine 150 mg ) or placebo .

2,211,418

2METHODS

The authors obtained quantitative EEG cordance measures at baseline and at the end of the placebo lead-in period .

2,211,419

2METHODS

Relationships between regional cordance changes at the end of the placebo lead-in period and clinical outcome ( the final 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores ) were examined using multiple linear regression analysis .

2,211,420

4RESULTS

As hypothesized , decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in period were associated with lower final Hamilton depression scale scores in subjects randomly assigned to medication .

2,211,421

4RESULTS

Prefrontal changes explained 19 % of the variance in final Hamilton depression scale scores .

2,211,422

1CONCLUSIONS

Neurophysiological changes during a placebo lead-in period may serve as nonpharmacodynamic biomarkers of eventual treatment outcomes in clinical trials for major depressive disorder .

2,211,423

0BACKGROUND

Late onset hypogonadism negatively impacts on men 's psychological well-being .

2,211,424

0BACKGROUND

This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship among symptoms of testosterone deficiency , psychological well-being , and quality of life .

2,211,425

2METHODS

Eligible subjects were randomized into active treatment and control groups , and were asked to complete the following questionnaires at baseline and month 6 : aging male 's symptoms ( AMS ) rating scale , hospital anxiety and depression scale ( HADS ) , perceived stress scale ( PSS ) and the short form health survey-12 ( SF-12 ) .

2,211,426

2METHODS

In this study , men were treated and monitored for 6 months with oral testosterone undecanoate ( TU ) capsules or vitamin E/C capsules in a single-blinded fashion .

2,211,427

2METHODS

All in the active treatment group were administered a total of 120 - 160 mg TU orally on a daily basis .

2,211,428

2METHODS

Total and free T levels between baseline and month 6 were compared .

2,211,429

4RESULTS

One hundred and sixty eligible subjects were recruited and followed up .

2,211,430

4RESULTS

In the active treatment group , total serum testosterone concentrations before and after intervention were ( 7.98 0.73 ) nmol/L and ( 13.7 1.18 ) nmol/L .

2,211,431

4RESULTS

The mean HADS anxiety subscale scores for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 3.47 0.4 and 1.72 0.2 , respectively ( t = 1.526 , P < 0.05 ) .

2,211,432

4RESULTS

Additionally , the mean HADS depression subscale scores were 4.91 0.6 and 2.39 0.3 , respectively ( t = 3.466 , P < 0.05 ) .

2,211,433

4RESULTS

The mean scores on PSS for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 12.88 2.1 and 9.83 1.7 , respectively ( t = 4.009 , P < 0.05 ) .

2,211,434

4RESULTS

Significantly improved SF-12 could be observed ( t = 1.433 and 1.118 , respectively ; both P < 0.05 ) .

2,211,435

4RESULTS

No significant changes were observed in the control group at month 6 .

2,211,436

1CONCLUSIONS

Androgen replacement not only improves androgen deficiency associated symptoms , but also enhances comprehensive improvement in psychological issues .

2,211,437

0BACKGROUND

Methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy ( MAL-PDT ) is an effective treatment in facial/scalp actinic keratosis ( AK ) .

2,211,438

3OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to compare efficacy , safety , cosmetic outcome and patient preference of MAL-PDT vs. cryotherapy in patients with AK at other locations .

2,211,439

2METHODS

A multicentre , controlled , randomized , open , intraindividual , right-left comparison was performed .

2,211,440

2METHODS

Patients with nonhyperkeratotic AK were treated once with MAL-PDT and cryotherapy on either side of the body .

2,211,441

2METHODS

At week 12 , lesions showing noncomplete response were retreated .

2,211,442

2METHODS

The primary efficacy variable was the lesion response at week 24 .

2,211,443

2METHODS

Investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome , patient 's preference in terms of cosmetic outcome and a patient preference questionnaire were also analysed at week 24 .

2,211,444

4RESULTS

In total , of 121 patients with 1343 lesions ( 98 % located on the extremities and the remainder on the trunk and neck ) were included .

2,211,445

4RESULTS

Both treatments provided a high mean percentage reduction in lesion count at week 24 with significantly higher efficacy for cryotherapy : 78 % for MAL-PDT and 88 % for cryotherapy ( P = 0.002 , per protocol population ) .

2,211,446

4RESULTS

Investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome was significantly better for MAL-PDT than cryotherapy ( P < 0.001 ) , 79 % of lesions having an excellent cosmetic outcome with MAL-PDT vs. 56 % with cryotherapy at week 24 .

2,211,447

4RESULTS

The cosmetic outcome achieved by MAL-PDT compared with cryotherapy was also preferred by patients ( 50 % vs. 22 % , respectively , P < 0.001 ) , and 59 % of patients would prefer to have any new lesions treated with MAL-PDT compared with 25 % with cryotherapy ( P < 0.001 ) .

2,211,448

4RESULTS

Both treatment regimens were safe and well tolerated .

2,211,449

1CONCLUSIONS

MAL-PDT showed inferior efficacy for treatment of non-face/scalp AK compared with cryotherapy .

2,211,450

1CONCLUSIONS

However , both treatments showed high efficacy , and MAL-PDT conveyed the advantages of better cosmesis and higher patient preference .

2,211,451

3OBJECTIVE

To determine whether patients with borderline semen should be treated with conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) .

2,211,452

2METHODS

Randomized study .

2,211,453

2METHODS

A university medical center in The Netherlands .

2,211,454

2METHODS

One hundred six couples with borderline semen who were undergoing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes .

2,211,455

2METHODS

Performing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes .

2,211,456

2METHODS

Fertilization and pregnancy rates .

2,211,457

4RESULTS

One thousand five hundred eighteen oocytes were collected in 106 oocyte retrievals : 849 oocytes were randomly allocated to ICSI , of which 761 were microinjected , and 669 oocytes were randomly assigned to IVF .

2,211,458

4RESULTS

In 26 of the 106 patients , there was fertilization only after ICSI and not after IVF ( IVF - group ) .

2,211,459

4RESULTS

The fertilization rate was 51 % ( 92/182 oocytes ) .

2,211,460

4RESULTS

In 78 patients , there was fertilization after both IVF and ICSI ( IVF + group ) ; the fertilization rate was 51 % for both the IVF - and ICSI-treated oocytes ( 271/528 oocytes and 334/658 oocytes , respectively ) .

2,211,461

4RESULTS

In 2 patients , there was no fertilization after either IVF ( 0/6 oocytes ) or ICSI ( 0/9 oocytes ) .

2,211,462

4RESULTS

Patients of the IVF + group had a higher total motile sperm count after preparation than did those of the IVF - group .

2,211,463

4RESULTS

More high-quality embryos were obtained after ICSI in patients of the IVF + group .

2,211,464

4RESULTS

In 101 patients , embryo transfer was performed : 26 in the IVF - group and 75 in the IVF + group .

2,211,465

4RESULTS

No significant differences were found with regard to pregnancy rates between those two groups : pregnancy rates were 54 % in the IVF - group and 48 % in the IVF + group .

2,211,466

1CONCLUSIONS

Performing ICSI on at least some of the oocytes will avoid unnecessary fertilization failure in patients with borderline semen : in this study , 26 of 104 cycles ( 25 % ) were rescued by ICSI .

2,211,467

3OBJECTIVE

To explore the quality of data recording by practices and identify issues to be considered and addressed before such data can be used as a continuous measure of immunisation delivery .

2,211,468

2METHODS

One hundred and twenty-four randomly selected general practices visited to measure immunisation coverage using the various practice management systems ( PMS ) in use .

2,211,469

2METHODS

To capture all target children it was necessary to build two queries : one generated a list of all children aged between 6 weeks and 2 years who had been to the practice , regardless of enrollment status ; the other asked dates and nature of all immunisations given .

2,211,470

2METHODS

Each different PMS required a unique query to extract the necessary information .

2,211,471

4RESULTS

Variability encountered included different types and versions of PMS and operating systems ; variable degree of staff technical competence with their PMS ; proportion of enrolled children ranging from nearly 0 to 100 % ; lack of consistency of the nature and location of data entry and coding ; and unreliability of dates relating to some vaccination events .

2,211,472

1CONCLUSIONS

To improve recording of immunisation coverage we recommend a standard early age of registration and enrollment ; standard definitions of the denominator and of immunisation delay ; greater uniformity of PMS ; improved staff training ; intrinsic data quality checks ; integration of PMS with changes in the immunisation schedule ; incentives and interval electronic checks to improve data quality .

2,211,473

3OBJECTIVE

The impact of preoperative gabapentin on tramadol consumption using patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) and postoperative pain was assessed in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy ( RRP ) .

2,211,474

2METHODS

In this prospective , randomized trial , 51 patients undergoing RRP were randomized into two groups : the gabapentin group received 900 mg gabapentin orally 2 h before surgery ; the control group did not receive gabapentin .

2,211,475

2METHODS

Postoperative analgesia was provided by tramadol PCA .

2,211,476

2METHODS

Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale for 24 h , postoperatively .

2,211,477

4RESULTS

Mean cumulative tramadol consumption at 24 h was comparable in the two groups .

2,211,478

4RESULTS

Pain scores at 45 min , 60 min and 2 h postoperatively , and the number of patients who required rescue analgesia , were significantly lower in the gabapentin group than in the control group .

2,211,479

4RESULTS

Side-effects were similar in the two groups .

2,211,480

1CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative administration of 900 mg gabapentin did not decrease tramadol consumption , but was associated with lower pain scores in the early postoperative phase and a reduced need for rescue analgesia , compared with controls , in patients undergoing RRP .

2,211,481

3OBJECTIVE

To evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of cisatracurium ( 51W89 ) and atracurium administered by continuous infusion to critically ill patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation .

2,211,482

2METHODS

Open , randomized , multicenter study of patients receiving cisatracurium or atracurium infusion to facilitate mechanical ventilation .

2,211,483

2METHODS

Five university teaching hospital intensive care units in the United Kingdom .

2,211,484

2METHODS

Sixty-one adult patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation .

2,211,485

2METHODS

Bolus doses followed by continuous infusions of cisatracurium or atracurium were administered .

2,211,486

2METHODS

Onset , maintenance , and recovery of neuromuscular blockade were measured , using transcutaneous ulnar nerve stimulation and an accelerometer .

2,211,487

4RESULTS

Forty patients received cisatracurium ( mean duration 48.1 + / - 4.2 [ SEM ] hrs ) , and 21 patients received atracurium ( mean duration 46.1 + / - 5.8 hrs ) .

2,211,488

4RESULTS

The infusion rate for patients receiving cisatracurium was 3.1 + / - 0.2 microg/kg/min , and for patients receiving atracurium 10.4 + / - 0.9 microg/kg/min .

2,211,489

4RESULTS

There were no significant differences in mean times to 70 % recovery of Train-of-Four ratio ( cisatracurium 60 mins , atracurium 57 mins ) , although there was considerable interpatient variation ( 20 to 175 mins with cisatracurium vs. 35 to 85 mins with atracurium ) .

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4RESULTS

One patient who received cisatracurium exhibited intermittent bronchospasm during and after the study period .

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1CONCLUSIONS

Cisatracurium , an isomer of atracurium , appears to be a suitable agent for providing muscle relaxation in critically ill patients .

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3OBJECTIVE

To compare the efficacy of standard medical therapy ( ST ) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation additional to standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure ( HARF ) .

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2METHODS

Single center , prospective , randomized , controlled study .

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2METHODS

Pulmonary medicine directed critical care unit in a university hospital .

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2METHODS

Between March 1993 and November 1996 , 30 HARF patients were randomized to receive ST or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ( NPPV ) in addition to ST.

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2METHODS

NPPV was given with an air-cushioned face via a mechanical ventilator ( Puritan Bennett 7200 ) with initial setting of 5 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure and 15 cm H2O pressure support .

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4RESULTS

At the time of randomization , patients in the ST group had ( mean + / - SD ) PaO2 of 54 + / -13 mm Hg , PaCO2 of 67 + / -11 mm Hg , pH of 7.28 + / -0.02 , and respiratory rate of 35.0 + / -5.8 breaths/min .

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4RESULTS

Patients in the NPPV group had PaO2 of 55 + / -14 , PaCO2 of 69 + / -15 , pH of 7.27 + / -0.07 , and respiratory rate of 34.0 + / -8.1 breaths/min .

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