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I Love It was released in Sweden in May 2012 It entered the Swedish Singles Chart the following month at number 48 and after two months on the chart the song peaked at number two for three consecutive weeks After its January 2013 appearance on an episode of Girls the song performed better in digital downloads than it had upon initial release Ten days later it entered the Billboard Hot 100 eventually climbing to number seven on the chart Jawo and Hjelt s first performance with Charli XCX happened in April 2013 after seeing her back stage at a South by Southwest showcase where both acts were playing |
In June 2013 several cover versions of the song entered the UK Singles Chart including one by vlogger Venus Angelic When Icona Pop released their version it entered at the top of the chart overtaking Robin Thicke s Blurred Lines featuring TI and Pharrell Williams |
I Love It was met with positive reviews from music critics The song placed 15th on The Village Voice s 2012 Pazz Jop list and it rose to eighth place the following year Pitchfork Media labeled it Best New Music calling the song delectable empowering infinitely repeatable Pitchfork later listed the song number 50 on its Top 100 Tracks of 2012 list Rolling Stone placed I Love It at number 35 on its year end list naming it the Euro slut club jam of the summer Amrit Singh for Stereogum described it as fun Heather Phares commented Jawo and Hjelt half sung half shouted vocals and revved up synths make the song inescapably catchy Kat Bein of the Miami New Times called the song a feminist pop anthem |
The music video for I Love It was directed by Fredrik Etoall The video was shot in a day by friends of the band while they were in Paris It shows Jawo and Hjelt playing a show for a crowd shouting the lyrics and dancing with additional shots from backstage and an after party It also includes outdoor shots of them wearing fringed jackets that they made Charli XCX does not appear in the video |
sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone |
Several cover versions have charted in the UK |
In 2017 Swedish singer Moneybrother released a punk rock inspired cover version of the song as a part of the eighth season of S mycket bttre The track received mixed to positive reviews ultimately failing to chart |
The United States courts of appeals or circuit courts are the intermediate appellate courts of the United States federal court system A court of appeals decides appeals from the district courts within its federal judicial circuit and in some instances from other designated federal courts and administrative agencies |
The United States courts of appeals are considered among the most powerful and influential courts in the United States Because of their ability to set legal precedent in regions that cover millions of Americans the United States courts of appeals have strong policy influence on US law Moreover because the US Supreme Court chooses to review fewer than 2 of the more than 7000 to 8000 cases filed with it annually the US courts of appeals serve as the final arbiter on most federal cases The Ninth Circuit in particular is very influential covering 20 of the American population |
There are currently 179 judgeships on the US courts of appeals authorized by Congress in 28 USC 43 pursuant to Article III of the US Constitution These judges are nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate They have lifetime tenure earning as of 2016 an annual salary of 215400 |
There are thirteen US courts of appeals although there are other tribunals that have Court of Appeals in their titles such as the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces which hears appeals in court martial cases and the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims which reviews final decisions by the Board of Veterans Appeals in the Department of Veterans Affairs The eleven numbered circuits and the DC Circuit are geographically defined The thirteenth court of appeals is the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit which has nationwide jurisdiction over certain appeals based on their subject matter All of the courts of appeals also hear appeals from some administrative agency decisions and rulemaking with by far the largest share of these cases heard by the DC Circuit The Federal Circuit hears appeals from specialized trial courts primarily the United States Court of International Trade and the United States Court of Federal Claims as well as appeals from the district courts in patent cases and certain other specialized matters |
Decisions of the US courts of appeals have been published by the private company West Publishing in the Federal Reporter series since the courts were established Only decisions that the courts designate for publication are included The unpublished opinions of all but the Fifth and Eleventh Circuits are published separately in West s Federal Appendix and they are also available in on line databases like LexisNexis or Westlaw More recently court decisions have also been made available electronically on official court websites However there are also a few federal court decisions that are classified for national security reasons |
The circuit with the smallest number of appellate judges is the First Circuit and the one with the largest number of appellate judges is the geographically large and populous Ninth Circuit in the Far West The number of judges that the US Congress has authorized for each circuit is set forth by law in 28 USC 44 while the places where those judges must regularly sit to hear appeals are prescribed in 28 USC 48 |
Although the courts of appeals are frequently called circuit courts they should not be confused with the former United States circuit courts which were active from 1789 to 1911 during the time when long distance transportation was much less available and which were primarily first level federal trial courts that moved periodically from place to place in circuits in order to serve the dispersed population in towns and the smaller cities that existed then The current courts of appeals system was established in the Judiciary Act of 1891 also known as the Evarts Act |
Because the courts of appeals possess only appellate jurisdiction they do not hold trials Only courts with original jurisdiction hold trials and thus determine punishments in criminal cases and remedies in civil cases Instead appeals courts review decisions of trial courts for errors of law Accordingly an appeals court considers only the record that is the papers the parties filed and the transcripts and any exhibits from any trial from the trial court and the legal arguments of the parties These arguments which are presented in written form and can range in length from dozens to hundreds of pages are known as briefs Sometimes lawyers are permitted to add to their written briefs with oral arguments before the appeals judges At such hearings only the parties lawyers speak to the court |
The rules that govern the procedure in the courts of appeals are the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure In a court of appeals an appeal is almost always heard by a panel of three judges who are randomly selected from the available judges including senior judges and judges temporarily assigned to the circuit Some cases however receive an en banc hearing Except in the Ninth Circuit Courts the en banc court consists of all of the circuit judges who are on active status but it does not include the senior or assigned judges except that under some circumstances a senior judge may participate in an en banc hearing when he or she participated at an earlier stage of the same case |
Many decades ago certain classes of federal court cases held the right of an automatic appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States That is one of the parties in the case could appeal a decision of a court of appeals to the Supreme Court and it had to accept the case The right of automatic appeal for most types of decisions of a court of appeals was ended by an Act of Congress the Judiciary Act of 1925 This law was urged by Chief Justice William Howard Taft and it also reorganized many other things in the federal court system |
The current procedure is that a party in a case may apply to the Supreme Court to review a ruling of the circuit court This is called petitioning for a writ of certiorari and the Supreme Court may choose in its sole discretion to review any lower court ruling In extremely rare cases the Supreme Court may grant the writ of certiorari before the judgment is rendered by the court of appeals thereby reviewing the lower court s ruling directly Certiorari before judgment was granted in the Watergate scandal related case United States v Nixon and in the 2005 decision involving the Federal Sentencing Guidelines United States v Booker |
A court of appeals may also pose questions to the Supreme Court for a ruling in the midst of reviewing a case This procedure was formerly used somewhat commonly but now it is quite rare The Second Circuit sitting en banc attempted to use this procedure in the case United States v Penaranda as a result of the Supreme Court s decision in Blakely v Washington but the Supreme Court dismissed the question after resolving the same issue in another case which had come before the Court through the standard procedure The last instance of the Supreme Court accepting a set of questions and answering them was in a case in 1982 |
A court of appeals may convene a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel to hear appeals in bankruptcy cases directly from the bankruptcy court of its circuit As of 2008 only the First Sixth Eighth Ninth and Tenth Circuits have established a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel Those circuits that do not have a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel have their bankruptcy appeals heard by the District Court |
Courts of appeals decisions unlike those of the lower federal courts establish binding precedents Other federal courts in that circuit must from that point forward follow the appeals court s guidance in similar cases regardless of whether the trial judge thinks that the case should be decided differently |
Federal and state laws can and do change from time to time depending on the actions of Congress and the state legislatures Therefore the law that exists at the time of the appeal might be different from the law that existed at the time of the events that are in controversy under civil or criminal law in the case at hand A court of appeals applies the law as it exists at the time of the appeal otherwise it would be handing down decisions that would be instantly obsolete and this would be a waste of time and resources since such decisions could not be cited as precedent A court is to apply the law in effect at the time it renders its decision unless doing so would result in manifest injustice or there is statutory direction or some legislative history to the contrary |
However the above rule can not apply in criminal cases if the effect of applying the newer law would be to create an ex post facto law to the detriment of the defendant |
In order to serve as counsel in a case appealed to a circuit court the attorney must be admitted to the bar of that circuit Admission to the bar of a circuit court is granted as a matter of course to any attorney who is admitted to practice law in any state of the United States The attorney submits an application pays a fee and takes the oath of admission Local practice varies as to whether the oath is given in writing or in open court before a judge of the circuit and most courts of appeals allow the applicant attorney to choose which method he or she prefers |
When the courts of appeals were created in 1891 one was created for each of the nine circuits then existing and each court was named the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Circuit When a court of appeals was created for the District of Columbia in 1893 it was named the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and it was renamed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in 1934 In 1948 Congress renamed all of the courts of appeals then existing to their current formal names the court of appeals for each numbered circuit was named the United States Court of Appeals for the Circuit and the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia became the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit The Tenth Circuit was created in 1929 by subdividing the existing Eighth Circuit and the Eleventh Circuit was created in 1981 by subdividing the existing Fifth Circuit The Federal Circuit was created in 1982 by the merger of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and the appellate division of the United States Court of Claims |
Judicial councils are panels in each circuit that are charged with making necessary and appropriate orders for the effective and expeditious administration of justice within their circuits Among their responsibilities is judicial discipline the formulation of circuit policy the implementation of policy directives received from the Judicial Conference of the United States and the annual submission of a report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts on the number and nature of orders entered during the year that relate to judicial misconduct Judicial councils consist of the chief judge of the circuit and an equal number of circuit judges and district judges of the circuit |
District of Columbia Circuit Washington |
First Circuit Boston |
Second Circuit New York City |
Third Circuit Philadelphia |
Fourth Circuit Richmond |
Fifth Circuit New Orleans |
Sixth Circuit Cincinnati |
Seventh Circuit Chicago |
Eighth Circuit St Louis |
Ninth Circuit San Francisco |
Tenth Circuit Denver |
Eleventh Circuit Atlanta |
Federal Circuit Washington |
Based on 2010 United States Census figures the population residing in each circuit is as follows |
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established three circuits which were groups of judicial districts in which United States circuit courts were established Each circuit court consisted of two Supreme Court justices and the local district judge the three circuits existed solely for the purpose of assigning the justices to a group of circuit courts Some districts generally the ones most difficult for an itinerant justice to reach did not have a circuit court in these districts the district court exercised the original jurisdiction of a circuit court As new states were admitted to the Union Congress often did not create circuit courts for them for a number of years |
The Midnight Judges Act reorganized the districts into six circuits and created circuit judgeships so that Supreme Court justices would no longer have to ride circuit This Act however was repealed in March 1802 and Congress provided that the former circuit courts would be revived as of July 1 of that year But it then passed the new Judiciary Act of 1802 in April so that the revival of the old courts never took effect The 1802 Act restored circuit riding but with only one justice to a circuit it therefore created six new circuits but with slightly different compositions than the 1801 Act These six circuits later were augmented by others Until 1866 each new circuit except the short lived California Circuit was accompanied by a newly created Supreme Court seat |
The second season of RuPaul s Drag Race All Stars premiered on the Logo network on a new night Thursday August 25 2016 Returning judges included RuPaul Michelle Visage with Carson Kressley joining the panel while the space previously occupied by Ross Matthews was filled by Todrick Hall Cast members were announced on June 17 2016 This season featured ten All Star contestants selected from the show s second season through to its seventh season who competed to be inducted into the Drag Race Hall of Fame |
A new twist was revealed for this season changing the format of the show In previous seasons the bottom two queens had to Lip sync for their Life to avoid elimination This season had the top two performing queens of the challenge Lip sync for their Legacy with the winner of the lip sync earning 10000 and choosing which one of the bottom queens gets eliminated The prizes for the winner were a one year supply of Anastasia Beverly Hills cosmetics and a cash prize of 100000 |
The winner of the second season of RuPaul s Drag Race All Stars was Alaska with Detox and Katya being the runners up |
The drag queens who competed are |
Ages and names stated are at time of contest |
Guest judges for this season includes in order of appearance |
Guests who appeared in episodes but did not judge on the main stage in order of appearance |
The President of the United Nations General Assembly is a position voted for by representatives in the United Nations General Assembly UNGA on a yearly basis The President presides over the sessions of the General Assembly |
Miroslav Lajk of Slovakia has been elected as the United Nations General Assembly President of its 72nd session beginning in September 2017 |
The session of the assembly is scheduled for every year starting in September any special or emergency special assemblies over the next year will be headed by the President of the UN General Assembly |
The presidency rotates annually between the five geographic groups African Asia Pacific Eastern European Latin American and Caribbean and Western European and other States |
Because of their powerful stature globally some of the largest most powerful countries have never held the presidency such as the People s Republic of China France Japan Russia the United Kingdom and the United States In particular it is customary that no permanent member of the United Nations Security Council ever serves as General Assembly president |
The only country that had a national elected as President of the United Nations General Assembly twice is Argentina all the other member states had been represented only once by their nationals holding this office This does not include special and emergency special sessions of the General Assembly |
Abbreviations |
Count Dracula is the title character of Bram Stoker s 1897 gothic horror novel Dracula He is considered to be both the prototypical and the archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction He is also depicted in the novel to be the origin of werewolf legends Some aspects of the character are believed to have been inspired by the 15th century Wallachian Prince Vlad III the Impaler who was also known as Dracula Other character aspects have been added or altered in subsequent popular fictional works The character has subsequently appeared frequently in popular culture from films to animated media to breakfast cereals |
Bram Stoker s novel takes the form of an epistolary tale in which Count Dracula s characteristics powers abilities and weaknesses are narrated by multiple narrators from different perspectives |
Count Dracula is an undead centuries old vampire and a Transylvanian nobleman who claims to be a Szkely descended from Attila the Hun He inhabits a decaying castle in the Carpathian Mountains near the Borgo Pass Unlike the vampires of Eastern European folklore which are portrayed as repulsive corpse like creatures Dracula wears a veneer of aristocratic charm In his conversations with Jonathan Harker he reveals himself as deeply proud of his boyar heritage and nostalgic for the past which he admits have become only a memory of heroism honour and valour in modern times |
Details of his early life are obscure but it is mentioned he was in life a most wonderful man Soldier statesman and alchemist which was the highest development of the science knowledge of his time He had a mighty brain a learning beyond compare and a heart that knew no fear and no remorse there was no branch of knowledge of his time that he did not essay He studied the black arts at the academy of Scholomance in the Carpathian Mountains overlooking the town of Sibiu also known as Hermannstadt and has a deep knowledge of alchemy and magic Taking up arms as befitting his rank and status as a voivode he led troops against the Turks across the Danube According to his nemesis Abraham Van Helsing He must indeed have been that Voivode Dracula who won his name against the Turk over the great river on the very frontier of Turkey land If it be so then was he no common man for in that time and for centuries after he was spoken of as the cleverest and the most cunning as well as the bravest of the sons of the land beyond the forest Dead and buried in a great tomb in the chapel of his castle Dracula returns from death as a vampire and lives for several centuries in his castle with three terrifyingly beautiful female vampires beside him |
In Dracula s Guest the narrative follows an unnamed Englishman traveller as he wanders around Munich before leaving for Transylvania It is Walpurgis Night and the young Englishman foolishly leaves his hotel in spite of the coachman s warnings and wanders through a dense forest alone Along the way he feels that he is being watched by a tall and thin stranger possibly Count Dracula |
The short story climaxes in an old graveyard where the Englishman encounters a sleeping female vampire called Countess Dolingen in a marble tomb with a large iron stake driven into it This malevolent and beautiful vampire awakens from her marble bier to conjure a snowstorm before being struck by lightning and returning to her eternal prison However the Englishman s troubles are not quite over as he is dragged away by an unseen force and rendered unconscious He awakens to find a gigantic wolf lying on his chest and licking at his throat however the wolf merely keeps him warm and protects him until help arrives When the Englishman is finally taken back to his hotel a telegram awaits him from his expectant host Dracula with a warning about dangers from snow and wolves and night |
As the Dracula novel begins in the late 19th century Dracula acts on a long contemplated plan for world domination and infiltrates London to begin his reign of terror He summons Jonathan Harker a newly qualified English solicitor to provide legal support for a real estate transaction overseen by Harker s employer Dracula at first charms Harker with his cordiality and historical knowledge and even rescues him from the clutches of the three female vampires in the castle In truth however Dracula merely wishes to keep Harker alive long enough to complete the legal transaction and to learn as much as possible about England |
Dracula leaves his castle and boards a Russian ship the Demeter taking along with him 50 boxes of Transylvanian soil which he needs in order to regain his strength and rest during daylight During the voyage to Whitby a coastal town in northern England he sustains himself on the ship s crew members Only one body is later found that of the captain who is found tied up to the ship s helm The captain s log is recovered and tells of strange events that had taken place during the ship s journey Dracula leaves the ship in the form of a dog |
Soon the Count is menacing Harker s fiance Wilhelmina Mina Murray and her friend Lucy Westenra There is also a notable link between Dracula and Renfield a patient in an insane asylum overseen by John Seward who is compelled to consume insects spiders birds and other creatures in ascending order of size in order to absorb their life force Renfield acts as a kind of sensor reacting to Dracula s proximity and supplying clues accordingly Dracula begins to visit Lucy s bed chamber on a nightly basis draining her of blood while simultaneously infecting her with the curse of vampirism Not knowing the cause for Lucy s deterioration her three suitors Seward Arthur Holmwood and Quincey Morris call upon Seward s mentor the Dutch doctor Abraham Van Helsing Van Helsing soon deduces her condition s supernatural origins but does not speak out Despite an attempt at keeping the vampire at bay with garlic Dracula attacks Lucy s house one final time killing her mother and transforming Lucy herself into one of the undead |
Harker escapes Dracula s castle and returns to England barely alive and deeply traumatized On Seward s suggestion Mina seeks Van Helsing s assistance in assessing Harker s health She reads his journal and passes it along to Van Helsing This unfolds the first clue to the identity of Lucy s assailant which later prompts Mina to collect all of the events of Dracula s appearance in news articles saved letters newspaper clippings and the journals of each member of the group This assists the group in investigating Dracula s movements and later discovering that Renfield s behaviour is directly influenced by Dracula They then discover that Dracula has purchased a residence just next door to Seward s The group gathers intelligence to track the location of Dracula for the purpose of destroying him |
After the undead Lucy attacks several children Van Helsing Seward Holmwood and Morris enter her crypt and destroy her to save her soul Later Harker joins them and the party work to discover Dracula s intentions Harker aids the party in tracking down the locations of the boxes to the various residences of Dracula and discovers that Dracula purchased multiple real estate properties over the counter throughout the North South East and West sides of London under the alias Count De Ville Dracula s main plan was to move each of his 50 boxes of earth to his various properties in order to arrange multiple lairs throughout and around the perimeter of London |
The party pries open each of the graves places wafers of Sacramental bread within each of them and seals them shut This deprives the Count of his ability to seek safety in those boxes Dracula gains entry into Seward s residence by coercing an invitation out of Renfield As he attempts to enter the room in which Harker and Mina are staying Renfield tries to stop him Dracula then mortally wounds him With his dying breath Renfield tells Seward and Van Helsing that Dracula is after Mina Van Helsing and Seward discover Dracula biting Mina then forcing her to drink his blood The group repel Dracula using crucifixes and sacramental bread forcing Dracula to flee by turning into a dark vapor The party continue to hunt Dracula to search for his remaining lairs Although Dracula s baptism of Mina grants him a telepathic link to her it backfires when Van Helsing hypnotizes Mina and uses her supernatural link with Dracula to track him as he flees back to Transylvania |
The heroes follow Dracula back to Transylvania and in a climactic battle with Dracula s gypsy bodyguards finally destroy him Despite the popular image of Dracula having a stake driven through his heart to kill him Mina s narrative describes his decapitation by Harker s kukri while Morris simultaneously pierced his heart with a Bowie knife Mina Harker s Journal 6 November Dracula Chapter 27 His body then turns into dust but not before Mina sees an expression of peace on his face |
Although early in the novel Dracula dons a mask of cordiality he often flies into fits of rage when his plans are frustrated When the three vampire women who live in his castle attempt to seduce Jonathan Harker Dracula physically assaults one and ferociously berates them for their insubordination He then relents and talks to them more kindly telling them that he does indeed love each of them |
He has an appreciation for ancient architecture and when purchasing a home he prefers them to be aged saying A new home would kill me and that to make a new home habitable to him would take a century |
Dracula is very proud of his warrior heritage proclaiming his pride to Harker on how the Szkely people are infused with the blood of heroes He also expresses an interest in the history of the British Empire speaking admiringly of its people He has a somewhat primal and predatory worldview he pities ordinary humans for their revulsion to their darker impulses He is not without human emotions however he often says that he too can love |
Though usually portrayed as having a strong Eastern European accent the original novel only specifies that his spoken English is excellent though strangely toned |
His appearance varies in age He is described early in the novel as thin with a long white mustache pointed ears and sharp teeth It is also noted later in the novel Chapter 11 subsection The Escaped Wolf by a zookeeper who sees him that he has a hooked nose and a pointed beard with a streak of white in it He is dressed all in black and has hair on his palms Jonathan Harker described him as an old man cruel looking and giving an effect of extraordinary pallor When angered the Count showed his true bestial nature his blue eyes flaming red |
I saw Count Dracula with red light of triumph in his eyes and with a smile that Judas in hell might be proud of |
As the novel progresses Dracula is described as taking on a more and more youthful appearance After Harker strikes him with a shovel he is left with a scar on his forehead which he bears throughout the course of the novel |
Dracula also possesses great wealth and having Romani people in his homeland who are loyal to him as servants and protectors |
Count Dracula is portrayed in the novel using many different supernatural abilities and is believed to have gained his abilities through dealings with the Devil Chapter 18 of the novel describes many of the abilities limitations and weaknesses of Dracula and vampires in particular Dracula has superhuman strength which according to Van Helsing is equivalent to that of 20 strong men He does not cast a shadow or have a reflection from mirrors He is immune to conventional means of attack a sailor tries to stab him in the back with a knife but the blade goes through his body as though it is air Why Harker s and Morris physical attacks are able to harm him in other parts of the book is never explained although it is noteworthy that the failed stabbing by the sailor occurred at night and the successful attacks were during daylight hours The Count can defy gravity to a certain extent and possesses superhuman agility able to climb vertical surfaces upside down in a reptilian manner He can travel onto unhallowed ground such as the graves of suicides and those of his victims He has powerful hypnotic telepathic and illusionary abilities He also has the ability to within limitations vanish and reappear elsewhere at will If he knows the path he can come out from anything or into anything regardless of how close it is bound even if it is fused with fire |
He has amassed cunning and wisdom throughout centuries and he is unable to die by the mere passing of time alone |
He can command animals such as rats owls bats moths foxes and wolves However his control over these animals is limited as seen when the party first enters his house in London Although Dracula is able to summon thousands of rats to swarm and attack the group Seward summons a pack of hounds to devour the rats The rats are so frightened of the dogs that they flee and any control which Dracula had over them is gone |
Dracula can also manipulate the weather and within his range is able to direct the elements such as storms fog and mist |
Dracula can shapeshift at will able to grow and become small his featured forms in the novel being that of a bat a wolf a large dog and a fog or mist When the moonlight is shining he can travel as elemental dust within its rays He is able to pass through tiny cracks or crevices while retaining his human form or in the form of a vapour described by Van Helsing as the ability to slip through a hairbreadth space of a tomb door or coffin This is also an ability used by his victim Lucy as a vampire When the party breaks into her tomb they dismantle the secured coffin to find it completely empty her corpse being no longer located within |
One of Dracula s most mysterious powers is the ability to turn others into vampires by biting them According to Van Helsing |
When they become such there comes with the change the curse of immortality they can not die but must go on age after age adding new victims and multiplying the evils of the world For all that die from the preying of the Undead become themselves Undead and prey on their kind And so the circle goes on ever widening like as the ripples from a stone thrown in the water Friend Arthur if you had met that kiss which you know of before poor Lucy die or again last night when you open your arms to her you would in time when you had died have become nosferatu as they call it in Eastern europe and would for all time make more of those UnDeads that so have filled us with horror |
The vampire bite itself does not cause death It is the method vampires use to drain blood of the victim and to increase their influence over them This is described by Van Helsing |