MGM-Omni
Collection
MGM-Omni: Scaling Omni LLMs to Personalized Long-Horizon Speech
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long_en_47
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talk_en
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en
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Or as the ballet dancer Alonzo King said, "What's interesting about you is you." For the true selves of companies to come through, openness is paramount, but radical openness is not a solution, because when everything is open, nothing is open. "A smile is a door that is half open and half closed," the author Jennifer Egan wrote. Companies can give their employees and customers more control or less. They can worry about how much openness is good for them, and what needs to stay closed. Or they can simply smile, and remain open to all possibilities. Thank you.
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Or as the ballet dancer Alonzo King said, "What's interesting about you is you." For the true selves of companies to come through, openness is paramount, but radical openness is not a solution, because when everything is open, nothing is open. "A smile is a door that is half open and half closed," the author Jennifer Egan wrote. Companies can give their employees and customers more control or less. They can worry about how much openness is good for them, and what needs to stay closed. Or they can simply smile, and remain open to all possibilities. Thank you.
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long_en_17
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talk_en
| 108 |
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He did not know how long he would wait. The wait could have been a minute. The executioner could have come the next day. Or it could have taken 30 years. The wait had no end. And in the midst of the excruciating pain, the mental torture, the many unanswered questions, he knew he was not. He refused to play the role of the victim. He was angry at the justice system. But he knew the only way, or help other people get justice was not to play the victim. Change came to Manson for those who had put him in prison. I speak that as a fact.
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He did not know how long he would wait. The wait could have been a minute. The executioner could have come the next day. Or it could have taken thirty years. The wait had no end. And in the midst of the excruciating pain, the mental torture, the many unanswered questions, he knew he was not. He refused to play the role of the victim. He was angry at the justice system. But he knew the only way, or help other people get justice was not to play the victim. Change came to Manson for those who had put him in prison. I speak that as a fact.
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long_en_16
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talk_en
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And this lesson is not reserved. Things like questioning and critical thinking are things that any student or background or language or income. Also, deliberate avoidance speaks volumes to our students because kids notice when their teachers leave out the voices and experiences. Silence speaks volumes. I recently asked my class of third-graders what they would say to adults to learn about issues of equity. And while this is a small sample, all of them agreed that not only are they capable, but they view it, the right to learn it. And, in their words: "We're big enough because these problems." And we have the right to talk about them because it will be our life. Thank you.
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And this lesson is not reserved. Things like questioning and critical thinking are things that any student or background or language or income. Also, deliberate avoidance speaks volumes to our students because kids notice when their teachers leave out the voices and experiences. Silence speaks volumes. I recently asked my class of third-graders what they would say to adults to learn about issues of equity. And while this is a small sample, all of them agreed that not only are they capable, but they view it, the right to learn it. And, in their words: "We're big enough because these problems." And we have the right to talk about them because it will be our life. Thank you.
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long_en_55
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talk_en
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By 2015, that sidestep was so successful that we actually incorporated, and I started hiring other working moms that had left the traditional workforce. This group of powerful women effectively doubled our business 100 percent by word of mouth, till ultimately, we were acquired in 2018 by the largest media brand. And we were able to do this like Gen Z is expecting, we blended synchronous. We found clarity through transparency. Our work style and culture and some left us because of it. But those retained and actually helped us build. And finally, we stayed open to new ideas, even when it didn't match. So what I'm most proud of is although this was developed it grew to include an empty nester, it also grew to include and even a veteran, shifting its career. We've proved success but success for the business. So I'll leave you with this. Work, as we know it, is broken. Gen Z can help us fix it. But it will take all of us. Thank you.
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By two thousand fifteen, that sidestep was so successful that we actually incorporated, and I started hiring other working moms that had left the traditional workforce. This group of powerful women effectively doubled our business one hundred percent by word of mouth, till ultimately, we were acquired in two thousand eighteen by the largest media brand. And we were able to do this like Gen Z is expecting, we blended synchronous. We found clarity through transparency. Our work style and culture and some left us because of it. But those retained and actually helped us build. And finally, we stayed open to new ideas, even when it didn't match. So what I'm most proud of is although this was developed it grew to include an empty nester, it also grew to include and even a veteran, shifting its career. We've proved success but success for the business. So I'll leave you with this. Work, as we know it, is broken. Gen Z can help us fix it. But it will take all of us. Thank you.
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long_en_25
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talk_en
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Now, I haven't met most of you but I feel a really good vibe in the room. And so I think I'd like. What do you think? Yes? Great, so many new friends. So we're going to go to this cafe. They serve sandwiches. And the sandwiches are really delicious. But I have to tell you that sometimes. And we don't know why. Because the cafe won't tell us. They won't tell us about the ingredients. And then the authorities. But the offer still stands. So who wants to get a sandwich? Some brave souls. We can talk after. But for the rest of you, I understand. You don't have enough information to make good choices about your safety or even fix the issue. Now, before I further the anxiety here, but this is an analogy to how we're also known as artificial. Now, for those who haven't thought between AI and sandwiches. I'm here for you. I'm going to explain. You see, AI systems. They feed us, but they're also inconsistently. And we don't have access. And so we can't actually.
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Now, I haven't met most of you but I feel a really good vibe in the room. And so I think I'd like. What do you think? Yes? Great, so many new friends. So we're going to go to this cafe. They serve sandwiches. And the sandwiches are really delicious. But I have to tell you that sometimes. And we don't know why. Because the cafe won't tell us. They won't tell us about the ingredients. And then the authorities. But the offer still stands. So who wants to get a sandwich? Some brave souls. We can talk after. But for the rest of you, I understand. You don't have enough information to make good choices about your safety or even fix the issue. Now, before I further the anxiety here, but this is an analogy to how we're also known as artificial. Now, for those who haven't thought between AI and sandwiches. I'm here for you. I'm going to explain. You see, AI systems. They feed us, but they're also inconsistently. And we don't have access. And so we can't actually.
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long_en_22
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A few years ago, I was taking care of a woman. I wanted her to be seen in a clinic. I made the appointment myself, because, I knew if I did it, she would get an appointment right away. The clinic was about an hour and a half. But she took down the address. Unfortunately, she didn't. When I spoke to the psychiatrist. That trauma survivors are often resistant to dealing with the difficult and often miss appointments. For this reason, they don't generally allow the doctors. They had made a special exception for me. When I spoke to my patient, she had a much simpler of why she didn't go to that appointment: her ride didn't show.
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A few years ago, I was taking care of a woman. I wanted her to be seen in a clinic. I made the appointment myself, because, I knew if I did it, she would get an appointment right away. The clinic was about an hour and a half. But she took down the address. Unfortunately, she didn't. When I spoke to the psychiatrist. That trauma survivors are often resistant to dealing with the difficult and often miss appointments. For this reason, they don't generally allow the doctors. They had made a special exception for me. When I spoke to my patient, she had a much simpler of why she didn't go to that appointment: her ride didn't show.
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long_en_19
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But last year we did just five, and the year before that, we did five. So, let's just take. The United Nations Intergovernmental has looked at the carbon content and nuclear comes out really low --. And nuclear obviously 24 hours a day, seven days a week. During a year, a single plant can provide. What's interesting is that that have deployed different. There's only a few that have done so at a pace consistent with dealing. So nuclear seems like.
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But last year we did just five, and the year before that, we did five. So, let's just take. The United Nations Intergovernmental has looked at the carbon content and nuclear comes out really low --. And nuclear obviously twenty four hours a day, seven days a week. During a year, a single plant can provide. What's interesting is that that have deployed different. There's only a few that have done so at a pace consistent with dealing. So nuclear seems like.
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long_en_39
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We need to make the climate crisis change our habits a bit as a result. Secondly, we need to get angry. And thirdly, we need to imagine. ZK: Every year I can see more focus that are needed. LT: Renewable energy. HM: There is a strong. It makes investment sense. HL: China is adding an astonishing amount. RN: It's cheaper to build than it is to put fuel. TB: Our job has to be to make sure that politicians know that they're going for the hard policies. LN: We need people to get on board. And this means getting people on board that have never spoken and that have always disagreed. MB: Even at this conference, and you expect them to have. But when you actually you see the openings. CA: I love listening to people. Dialogue is absolutely essential. But once we leave the safe space we go back out into a world and institutionalized. And we have to just acknowledge that fact. RN: So I think it's not and then apply your own judgment. And is it self-serving or not, and what nuggets of truth. MB: What we don't want to lose is that ultimately there are people. And systems change will sometimes fail just because two folks. Jade Begay: I think we overlook as kind of cheesy or corny, but ask any person and it happens through relationships. MR: I was very affected, when Jade said, "In our tribe in New Mexico, we say, 'What if our best times. Our best times are still ahead of us. But so are our worst times. We have that choice. And of course, we have and we have to know how difficult it is. And yet, Nelson Mandela famously said "it always seems impossible. And I love that phrase.
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We need to make the climate crisis change our habits a bit as a result. Secondly, we need to get angry. And thirdly, we need to imagine. ZK: Every year I can see more focus that are needed. LT: Renewable energy. HM: There is a strong. It makes investment sense. HL: China is adding an astonishing amount. RN: It's cheaper to build than it is to put fuel. TB: Our job has to be to make sure that politicians know that they're going for the hard policies. LN: We need people to get on board. And this means getting people on board that have never spoken and that have always disagreed. MB: Even at this conference, and you expect them to have. But when you actually you see the openings. CA: I love listening to people. Dialogue is absolutely essential. But once we leave the safe space we go back out into a world and institutionalized. And we have to just acknowledge that fact. RN: So I think it's not and then apply your own judgment. And is it self-serving or not, and what nuggets of truth. MB: What we don't want to lose is that ultimately there are people. And systems change will sometimes fail just because two folks. Jade Begay: I think we overlook as kind of cheesy or corny, but ask any person and it happens through relationships. MR: I was very affected, when Jade said, "In our tribe in New Mexico, we say, 'What if our best times. Our best times are still ahead of us. But so are our worst times. We have that choice. And of course, we have and we have to know how difficult it is. And yet, Nelson Mandela famously said "it always seems impossible. And I love that phrase."
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long_en_33
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And this pressure forces the seawater through a membrane. This takes energy, producing clean water. But we're also left with a concentrated salt solution, or brine. But the process is very expensive. And it's cost-prohibitive for many countries around the globe. And also, the brine that's produced is oftentimes just pumped back out into the sea. And this is detrimental to the local ecology of the sea area that it's pumped back out into. So I work in Singapore at the moment, and this is a place that's really a leading place for desalination technology. And Singapore proposes by 2060 to produce [900] million liters per day of desalinated water. But this will produce an equally massive amount of desalination brine. And this is where my collaboration with bacteria comes into play. So what we're doing at the moment is we're accumulating metals like calcium, potassium and magnesium from out of desalination brine. And this, in terms of magnesium and the amount of water that I just mentioned, equates to a $4.5 billion mining industry for Singapore -- a place that doesn't have any natural resources. So I'd like you to image a mining industry in a way that one hasn't existed before; imagine a mining industry that doesn't mean defiling the Earth; imagine bacteria helping us do this by accumulating and precipitating and sedimenting minerals out of desalination brine. And what you can see here is the beginning of an industry in a test tube, a mining industry that is in harmony with nature. Thank you.
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And this pressure forces the seawater through a membrane. This takes energy, producing clean water. But we're also left with a concentrated salt solution, or brine. But the process is very expensive. And it's cost-prohibitive for many countries around the globe. And also, the brine that's produced is oftentimes just pumped back out into the sea. And this is detrimental to the local ecology of the sea area that it's pumped back out into. So I work in Singapore at the moment, and this is a place that's really a leading place for desalination technology. And Singapore proposes by two thousand sixty to produce [nine hundred] million liters per day of desalinated water. But this will produce an equally massive amount of desalination brine. And this is where my collaboration with bacteria comes into play. So what we're doing at the moment is we're accumulating metals like calcium, potassium and magnesium from out of desalination brine. And this, in terms of magnesium and the amount of water that I just mentioned, equates to a $four point five billion mining industry for Singapore -- a place that doesn't have any natural resources. So I'd like you to image a mining industry in a way that one hasn't existed before; imagine a mining industry that doesn't mean defiling the Earth; imagine bacteria helping us do this by accumulating and precipitating and sedimenting minerals out of desalination brine. And what you can see here is the beginning of an industry in a test tube, a mining industry that is in harmony with nature. Thank you.
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long_en_41
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| 513 |
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Here you can see the plate holding it, and you can see the implants being put in -- so that in one operation we achieve this and this. So the patient's life is restored. That's the good news. However, his chin skin doesn't look the same as it did before. It's skin from his back. It's thicker, it's darker, it's coarser, it doesn't have the contours. And that's where we're failing, and that's where we need the face transplant. The face transplant has a role probably in burns patients to replace the skin. We can replace the underlying skeletal structure, but we're still not good at replacing the facial skin. So it's very valuable to have that tool in our armamentarium. But the patients are going to have to take drugs that suppress their immune system for the rest of their lives. What does that mean? They have an increased risk of infection, an increased risk of malignancy. This is not a life-saving transplant -- like a heart, or liver, or lung transplant -- it is a quality-of-life transplant, and as a result, are the patients going to say, if they get a malignant cancer 10 or 15 years on, "I wish I'd had conventional reconstructive techniques rather than this because I'm now dying of a malignant cancer"? We don't know yet. We also don't know what they feel about recognition and identity. Bernard Devauchelle and Sylvie Testelin, who did the first operation, are studying that. Donors are going to be short on the ground, because how many people want to have their loved one's face removed at the point of death? So there are going to be problems with face transplantation. So the better news is the future's almost here -- and the future is tissue engineering. Just imagine, I can make a biologically-degradable template. I can put it in place where it's meant to be. I can sprinkle a few cells, stem cells from the patient's own hip, a little bit of genetically engineered protein, and lo and behold, leave it for four months and the face is grown. This is a bit like a Julia Child recipe. But we've still got problems. We've got mouth cancer to solve. We're still not curing enough patients -- it's the most disfiguring cancer. We're still not reconstructing them well enough. In the U.K. we have an epidemic of facial injuries among young people. We still can't get rid of scars. We need to do research. And the best news of all is that surgeons know that we need to do research. And we've set up charities that will help us fund the clinical research to determine the best treatment practice now and better treatment into the future, so we don't just sit on our laurels and say, "Okay, we're doing okay. Let's leave it as it is." Thank you very much indeed.
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Here you can see the plate holding it, and you can see the implants being put in -- so that in one operation we achieve this and this. So the patient's life is restored. That's the good news. However, his chin skin doesn't look the same as it did before. It's skin from his back. It's thicker, it's darker, it's coarser, it doesn't have the contours. And that's where we're failing, and that's where we need the face transplant. The face transplant has a role probably in burns patients to replace the skin. We can replace the underlying skeletal structure, but we're still not good at replacing the facial skin. So it's very valuable to have that tool in our armamentarium. But the patients are going to have to take drugs that suppress their immune system for the rest of their lives. What does that mean? They have an increased risk of infection, an increased risk of malignancy. This is not a life-saving transplant -- like a heart, or liver, or lung transplant -- it is a quality-of-life transplant, and as a result, are the patients going to say, if they get a malignant cancer ten or fifteen years on, "I wish I'd had conventional reconstructive techniques rather than this because I'm now dying of a malignant cancer"? We don't know yet. We also don't know what they feel about recognition and identity. Bernard Devauchelle and Sylvie Testelin, who did the first operation, are studying that. Donors are going to be short on the ground, because how many people want to have their loved one's face removed at the point of death? So there are going to be problems with face transplantation. So the better news is the future's almost here -- and the future is tissue engineering. Just imagine, I can make a biologically-degradable template. I can put it in place where it's meant to be. I can sprinkle a few cells, stem cells from the patient's own hip, a little bit of genetically engineered protein, and lo and behold, leave it for four months and the face is grown. This is a bit like a Julia Child recipe. But we've still got problems. We've got mouth cancer to solve. We're still not curing enough patients -- it's the most disfiguring cancer. We're still not reconstructing them well enough. In the U.K. we have an epidemic of facial injuries among young people. We still can't get rid of scars. We need to do research. And the best news of all is that surgeons know that we need to do research. And we've set up charities that will help us fund the clinical research to determine the best treatment practice now and better treatment into the future, so we don't just sit on our laurels and say, "Okay, we're doing okay. Let's leave it as it is." Thank you very much indeed.
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long_en_64
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speech_en
| 114 |
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During the implementation period, this complicates to some extent the analysis of financial statements from a financial stability perspective, given that IFRS and nonIFRS accounts are not directly comparable. Consequently, in order to ensure a consistent analysis, the large banks are analysed in two sub-groups depending on whether they reported their 2005 accounts under IFRS or non-IFRS. European credit derivatives markets have, like their US counterparts, experienced rapid growth in the past few years. If history is a guide, such rapid growth is often accompanied by an increased potential for instability should conditions take a turn for the worse. This Box discusses the financial stability implications of recent events in these markets.
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During the implementation period, this complicates to some extent the analysis of financial statements from a financial stability perspective, given that IFRS and nonIFRS accounts are not directly comparable. Consequently, in order to ensure a consistent analysis, the large banks are analysed in two sub-groups depending on whether they reported their two thousand five accounts under IFRS or non-IFRS. European credit derivatives markets have, like their US counterparts, experienced rapid growth in the past few years. If history is a guide, such rapid growth is often accompanied by an increased potential for instability should conditions take a turn for the worse. This Box discusses the financial stability implications of recent events in these markets.
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long_en_56
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talk_en
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In the words of Bryan Stevenson, You see, it's just harder. "Tell me more about why you feel." Twenty years ago, we rarely identified each other. As for me, I'm a father. I'm an NBA fan. I'm a terrible aspiring bassist in a band. I'm a Utahn. I'm an American. How about you? You see, if we look, we can actually find shared that unite instead of divide. Now third, we can serve others. Service and volunteering and improve our outlook on life. Some forms of regular volunteering have even been associated. There is nothing better for the soul. Aristotle really was on to something when he described and summed up “Serve others and do good.” Fourth, and finally, we can work to develop of humility, patience and moderation, without which, as John Adams explained, we all become ravenous beasts of prey. Now look, I know it’s almost laughable to talk about words like, but I truly believe to remember how to disagree. In the words of Judge Learned Hand, “The true spirit of liberty is the spirit." "The spirit of liberty is the spirit the minds of other men and women.” And I started with a quote. He went on to say that freedom. It must be fought for and defended, for it comes only once to a people and those in history and then lost it have never known it again. Ladies and gentlemen, it is our solemn duty in our generation to once again secure the freedoms endowed to all of us from on high. We cannot wait for politicians. It will take real work, hard work by each of us. But we must remember. We must rise up and meet that radical call even, especially, our political opponents. It's... It's not an... It's not an easy answer. If we really want to change the world, we have to start. Thank you.
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In the words of Bryan Stevenson, You see, it's just harder. "Tell me more about why you feel." Twenty years ago, we rarely identified each other. As for me, I'm a father. I'm an NBA fan. I'm a terrible aspiring bassist in a band. I'm a Utahn. I'm an American. How about you? You see, if we look, we can actually find shared that unite instead of divide. Now third, we can serve others. Service and volunteering and improve our outlook on life. Some forms of regular volunteering have even been associated. There is nothing better for the soul. Aristotle really was on to something when he described and summed up “Serve others and do good.” Fourth, and finally, we can work to develop of humility, patience and moderation, without which, as John Adams explained, we all become ravenous beasts of prey. Now look, I know it’s almost laughable to talk about words like, but I truly believe to remember how to disagree. In the words of Judge Learned Hand, “The true spirit of liberty is the spirit." "The spirit of liberty is the spirit the minds of other men and women.” And I started with a quote. He went on to say that freedom. It must be fought for and defended, for it comes only once to a people and those in history and then lost it have never known it again. Ladies and gentlemen, it is our solemn duty in our generation to once again secure the freedoms endowed to all of us from on high. We cannot wait for politicians. It will take real work, hard work by each of us. But we must remember. We must rise up and meet that radical call even, especially, our political opponents. It's... It's not an... It's not an easy answer. If we really want to change the world, we have to start. Thank you.
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long_en_7
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Transcriber: Joseph Geni. When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job for a job that was even more. I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back. What struck me was that IQ between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers. Some of my smartest kids. And that got me thinking. The kinds of things you need. sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals. But these concepts are not impossible, and I was firmly convinced could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough. After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion. Is a much better understanding from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective. In education, the one thing. But what if doing depends on much more than your ability to learn. So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school. I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super. And in every study my question was, who is successful here and why? My research team and I went. We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training. We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children. We studied rookie teachers asking which teachers are still by the end of the school year, and of those, who will be at improving learning. We partnered with private. Which of these salespeople. And who's going to earn the most money? In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ. It was grit. Grit is passion and perseverance. Grit is having stamina. Grit is sticking with your future, not just for the week, but for years, and working really hard. Grit is living life.
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Transcriber: Joseph Geni. When I was twenty-seven years old, I left a very demanding job for a job that was even more. I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back. What struck me was that IQ between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers. Some of my smartest kids. And that got me thinking. The kinds of things you need. sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals. But these concepts are not impossible, and I was firmly convinced could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough. After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion. Is a much better understanding from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective. In education, the one thing. But what if doing depends on much more than your ability to learn. So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school. I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super. And in every study my question was, who is successful here and why? My research team and I went. We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training. We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children. We studied rookie teachers asking which teachers are still by the end of the school year, and of those, who will be at improving learning. We partnered with private. Which of these salespeople. And who's going to earn the most money? In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ. It was grit. Grit is passion and perseverance. Grit is having stamina. Grit is sticking with your future, not just for the week, but for years, and working really hard. Grit is living life.
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long_en_12
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We are addicted, because we see so we go in and add fuel to the fire, and the daily active usage goes up, and there's more ad revenue there, but we all get angrier with each other. How do you define ... "Daily active usage" seems like a really. JD: Taken alone, it is. But you didn't let me, which is, we're watching for conversations and conversation chains. So we want to incentivize, and what we believe that is that is healthy, as defined by those four indicators. So you can't just optimize. You have to balance and look constantly at what is actually going to create and a healthy experience for people. Ultimately, we want to get to a metric where people can tell us, and I'm walking away. That is our goal ultimately over time, but that's going to take some time. CA: You come over to many. This is possibly unfair, with this picture of how I found I was that we're on this great voyage with you, and there are people on board in steerage who are expressing discomfort, and you, unlike many other captains, are saying, "Well, tell me, talk to me." And they talk to you, and they say. And you go, "You know, and our ship, frankly, for steering as well as it might." And we say, "Please do something." And you go to the bridge, and we're waiting, and we look, and then you're showing, but we're all standing outside, You know? I mean -- I mean, you're doing a brilliant job, but to actually dial up the urgency, will you do that? JD: Yes, and we have been. I mean, there's been One, when I came back to the company, we were in a pretty dire state and not just from how people but from a corporate narrative as well. So we had to fix turn the company around, go through two crazy layoffs, because we just got too big and we focused all of our energy on this concept of serving. And that took some work. And as we dived into that, we realized some of the issues.
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We are addicted, because we see so we go in and add fuel to the fire, and the daily active usage goes up, and there's more ad revenue there, but we all get angrier with each other. How do you define ... "Daily active usage" seems like a really. JD: Taken alone, it is. But you didn't let me, which is, we're watching for conversations and conversation chains. So we want to incentivize, and what we believe that is that is healthy, as defined by those four indicators. So you can't just optimize. You have to balance and look constantly at what is actually going to create and a healthy experience for people. Ultimately, we want to get to a metric where people can tell us, and I'm walking away. That is our goal ultimately over time, but that's going to take some time. CA: You come over to many. This is possibly unfair, with this picture of how I found I was that we're on this great voyage with you, and there are people on board in steerage who are expressing discomfort, and you, unlike many other captains, are saying, "Well, tell me, talk to me." And they talk to you, and they say. And you go, "You know, and our ship, frankly, for steering as well as it might." And we say, "Please do something." And you go to the bridge, and we're waiting, and we look, and then you're showing, but we're all standing outside, You know? I mean -- I mean, you're doing a brilliant job, but to actually dial up the urgency, will you do that? JD: Yes, and we have been. I mean, there's been one, when I came back to the company, we were in a pretty dire state and not just from how people but from a corporate narrative as well. So we had to fix turn the company around, go through two crazy layoffs, because we just got too big and we focused all of our energy on this concept of serving. And that took some work. And as we dived into that, we realized some of the issues.
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long_en_6
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What I'm about to share with you of the brains of more than 1,000. Now, these were children from diverse homes, and this picture is an average. The front of this average brain, and the back of this average brain. Now, one of the things was the surface area, or the thin, wrinkly layer that does most. And that's because past work, that in many cases, a larger cortical surface area is often associated. Now, in this study, we found one factor that was associated across nearly the entire. That factor was family income. Now, here, every point you see in color was associated with a larger. And there were some regions where that association. And those are regions that we know support language skills, as well as the ability and exert self-control. And that's important, because those are the very skills that children living in poverty. In fact, a child living with poverty is likely to perform worse on tests before they even turn two. Now, there are a few points. Number one: this link between family income was strongest at the lowest income levels. So that means that dollar for dollar, relatively small differences were associated with proportionately among the most disadvantaged families. And intuitively, that makes sense, right? An extra 20,000 dollars for a family would certainly be nice, whereas an extra 20,000 dollars for a family only earning would likely make a remarkable difference. Now, the second point is that this link between family income didn't depend on the children's age. It didn't depend on their sex. And it didn't depend. And the final point -- and this one's key -- there was tremendous variability, by which I mean there were plenty with smaller brain surfaces, and plenty of children with larger brain surfaces. Here's an analogy. We all know that in childhood, boys tend to be taller than girls, but go into any elementary, and you'll find some girls. So, while growing up in poverty for a smaller brain surface, in no way can I know an individual and know with any accuracy what that particular child's brain. I want you to imagine. One is a young child, the other is also an American child, but one who was born. Now, at birth, we find in how their brains work. But by the time those two kids, we know that the child living in poverty is likely to have cognitive scores than those of the other child. Later on, that child living in poverty will be five times more likely. And if she does graduate high school, she'll be less likely to earn. By the time those two kids, if the first child spent, she is up to 75 times. But it doesn't have to be that way. As a neuroscientist, one of things is that our experiences change our brains. Now, this concept, means that these differences don't doom a child. The brain is not destiny. And if a child's brain can be changed, then anything is possible.
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What I'm about to share with you of the brains of more than one thousand. Now, these were children from diverse homes, and this picture is an average. The front of this average brain, and the back of this average brain. Now, one of the things was the surface area, or the thin, wrinkly layer that does most. And that's because past work, that in many cases, a larger cortical surface area is often associated. Now, in this study, we found one factor that was associated across nearly the entire. That factor was family income. Now, here, every point you see in color was associated with a larger. And there were some regions where that association. And those are regions that we know support language skills, as well as the ability and exert self-control. And that's important, because those are the very skills that children living in poverty. In fact, a child living with poverty is likely to perform worse on tests before they even turn two. Now, there are a few points. Number one: this link between family income was strongest at the lowest income levels. So that means that dollar for dollar, relatively small differences were associated with proportionately among the most disadvantaged families. And intuitively, that makes sense, right? An extra twenty thousand dollars for a family would certainly be nice, whereas an extra twenty thousand dollars for a family only earning would likely make a remarkable difference. Now, the second point is that this link between family income didn't depend on the children's age. It didn't depend on their sex. And it didn't depend. And the final point -- and this one's key -- there was tremendous variability, by which I mean there were plenty with smaller brain surfaces, and plenty of children with larger brain surfaces. Here's an analogy. We all know that in childhood, boys tend to be taller than girls, but go into any elementary, and you'll find some girls. So, while growing up in poverty for a smaller brain surface, in no way can I know an individual and know with any accuracy what that particular child's brain. I want you to imagine. One is a young child, the other is also an American child, but one who was born. Now, at birth, we find in how their brains work. But by the time those two kids, we know that the child living in poverty is likely to have cognitive scores than those of the other child. Later on, that child living in poverty will be five times more likely. And if she does graduate high school, she'll be less likely to earn. By the time those two kids, if the first child spent, she is up to seventy five times. But it doesn't have to be that way. As a neuroscientist, one of things is that our experiences change our brains. Now, this concept, means that these differences don't doom a child. The brain is not destiny. And if a child's brain can be changed, then anything is possible.
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In an online interview with the director Jamie Franklin, he said, "The US forces dropped over two million." If they couldn't find there were free-drop areas in Laos before going back to base, because it's dangerous to land. According to the International in Laos alone -- one of the poorest nine to 27 million unexploded. Some 11,000 people have been killed. This lethal weapon has been used in over 35 countries, such as Ukraine, Iraq and Sudan. So far, 119 states have joined banning cluster bombs, which is officially called. But some of the biggest producers namely, the United States, remain outside of this lifesaving treaty and continue to produce them, reserve the right to produce keep those harmful weapons and even possibly use them in the future. Cluster bombs have reportedly in the ongoing conflicts. According to research in cluster munitions producers by Pax, a Dutch-based NGO, financial institutions invested into companies that make. The majority of these institutions that have not yet signed. Getting back to Mohammed, one of the few jobs he was able. When I ask him if it's safe, "I'm not sure." Research shows that cluster munitions where agriculture is the main. According to Handicap 98 percent of those killed or injured. Eighty-four percent. In countries where but to work in those fields, they simply do it and risk it. Mohammed is the only male. Culturally, he's expected but he simply can't. He tried to have so many different jobs, but he couldn't keep any and the less-than-friendly environment to say the least. It hurts him a lot when he goes and he's turned away with a small amount of money. He said, "I'm not here to beg for money, I just want to earn it." Mohammed today is 21 years old. He's illiterate, and he communicates with voice messages. Here is one of his messages. Mohammed: Laura Boushnak: "and I'm pretty sure once I start running, I would never stop." Thank you.
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In an online interview with the director Jamie Franklin, he said, "The US forces dropped over two million." If they couldn't find there were free-drop areas in Laos before going back to base, because it's dangerous to land. According to the International in Laos alone -- one of the poorest nine to twenty seven million unexploded. Some eleven thousand people have been killed. This lethal weapon has been used in over thirty five countries, such as Ukraine, Iraq and Sudan. So far, one hundred nineteen states have joined banning cluster bombs, which is officially called. But some of the biggest producers namely, the United States, remain outside of this lifesaving treaty and continue to produce them, reserve the right to produce keep those harmful weapons and even possibly use them in the future. Cluster bombs have reportedly in the ongoing conflicts. According to research in cluster munitions producers by Pax, a Dutch-based NGO, financial institutions invested into companies that make. The majority of these institutions that have not yet signed. Getting back to Mohammed, one of the few jobs he was able. When I ask him if it's safe, "I'm not sure." Research shows that cluster munitions where agriculture is the main. According to Handicap ninety eight percent of those killed or injured. Eighty-four percent. In countries where but to work in those fields, they simply do it and risk it. Mohammed is the only male. Culturally, he's expected but he simply can't. He tried to have so many different jobs, but he couldn't keep any and the less-than-friendly environment to say the least. It hurts him a lot when he goes and he's turned away with a small amount of money. He said, "I'm not here to beg for money, I just want to earn it." Mohammed today is twenty one years old. He's illiterate, and he communicates with voice messages. Here is one of his messages. Mohammed: Laura Boushnak: "and I'm pretty sure once I start running, I would never stop." Thank you.
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If you fall asleep, the enemy may come and kill you.’ And his grizzled platoon sergeant said, ‘That’s not the message for these Marines, sir. They’ve been in this fight so long, they don’t care that much about themselves. You need to tell them that if they fall asleep, the enemy is going to come and kill their buddies. That’s what’s going to keep them alert.’ In my own career, I saw that play out a few times. I don’t know how that translates directly into the private sector, but I do believe teams are bonded over challenge. If there’s not enough challenge in the workplace, then it’s good for a leader to create challenges. This causes teams to work together to accomplish a mission. And, doing this also allows a leader to observe the team, to see who rises to the occasion more than others, to see who responds to stress more than others.
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If you fall asleep, the enemy may come and kill you.’ And his grizzled platoon sergeant said, ‘That’s not the message for these Marines, sir. They’ve been in this fight so long, they don’t care that much about themselves. You need to tell them that if they fall asleep, the enemy is going to come and kill their buddies. That’s what’s going to keep them alert.’ In my own career, I saw that play out a few times. I don’t know how that translates directly into the private sector, but I do believe teams are bonded over challenge. If there’s not enough challenge in the workplace, then it’s good for a leader to create challenges. This causes teams to work together to accomplish a mission. And, doing this also allows a leader to observe the team, to see who rises to the occasion more than others, to see who responds to stress more than others.
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It also reviews some issues related to the eventual exit from such measures. An estimate of potential write-downs for the period from the beginning of 2007 until end-2010 related to the financial market turmoil for euro area banks was published in the June 2009 FSR, along with the methodology that was used to make the calculations. Using the same methodology and with the benefit of more granular data on loan and securities exposures of euro area banks, this box presents an update of the estimate and assesses, based on new macroeconomic forecasts, the magnitude of potential future write-downs that may be suffered by the euro area banking sector by the end of 2010. Before the eruption of the crisis, euro area financial institutions had been relying heavily on covered bonds to fund an important part of the increase in residential mortgage and public sector lending. This box describes the main developments in the euro area covered bond market during the crisis and reports on some of the effects of the covered bond purchase programme (CBPP) that was announced on 7 May 2009 and that constitutes an integral part of the enhanced credit support measures initiated and implemented by the Eurosystem. On 24 September 2009, the ECB published the results of the Euro Money Market Survey 2009, which were based on data collected from banks in 27 European countries and covered developments in various segments of the euro money market in the second quarter of 2009. This box reports on the survey’s main findings.
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It also reviews some issues related to the eventual exit from such measures. An estimate of potential write-downs for the period from the beginning of two thousand seven until end-two thousand ten related to the financial market turmoil for euro area banks was published in the June two thousand nine FSR, along with the methodology that was used to make the calculations. Using the same methodology and with the benefit of more granular data on loan and securities exposures of euro area banks, this box presents an update of the estimate and assesses, based on new macroeconomic forecasts, the magnitude of potential future write-downs that may be suffered by the euro area banking sector by the end of two thousand ten. Before the eruption of the crisis, euro area financial institutions had been relying heavily on covered bonds to fund an important part of the increase in residential mortgage and public sector lending. This box describes the main developments in the euro area covered bond market during the crisis and reports on some of the effects of the covered bond purchase programme (CBPP) that was announced on seven May two thousand nine and that constitutes an integral part of the enhanced credit support measures initiated and implemented by the Eurosystem. On twenty four September two thousand nine, the ECB published the results of the Euro Money Market Survey two thousand nine, which were based on data collected from banks in twenty seven European countries and covered developments in various segments of the euro money market in the second quarter of two thousand nine. This box reports on the survey’s main findings.
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Of course, Medicaid is funded so you might be wondering. Well, we're cheaper than the alternatives. Some of our patients which can cost thousands. Some may stay home. But most would try to make an appointment called the Federally. This is a nationwide network that receive twice as much than private doctors like me. Not only they get more money, but by law, there can only be. That means they have a monopoly. And like any monopoly, there's a tendency for cost to go up. I'm not a government entity; I'm a private practice. I have a capitalist drive to innovate. I have to be fast and friendly. I have to be cost-effective. I have to be tall, dark and handsome. And if I'm not, I'm going out of business. I can innovate faster than a nonprofit, because I don't need a meeting. Really, none of our innovations we just put them together in a unique way to help low-income folks. And then, instead of taking I put it back into the refugee community. This is Mango House. My version of a medical home. In it, we have programs an after-school program, English classes, churches, dentist, legal help,. These programs are run and amazing staff, but all receive some amount of funding. Some call this social entrepreneurship. I call it social-service arbitrage. Exploiting inefficiencies in our. We're serving 15,000 refugees a year at less cost than where else. Of course, there's downsides rather than as a nonprofit. There's taxes and legal exposures. There's changing Medicaid rates. And there's bomb threats. Notice there's no apostrophes, it's like, "We were going to blow up.". "We were going to blow up but then we went.". Now, you might be thinking, Uncommon. A communal narcissist? A unicorn, maybe, because if this was so easy. Well, based on Medicaid rates,. You can be your own boss, help the poor and make. Medical folks, you wrote on your school that you wanted to help. But then you had your idealism. Your creativity bred out of you. It doesn't have to be that way. You can choose underserved medicine. Or you can be a specialist who cuts cost in order to see. And for the rest of you, what did you write on your applications? Most of us wanted to save the world. Maybe you've been but are now looking for that meaning? How can you get there? I don't just mean giving. I mean how can you use your expertise. It might be easier than you think. The only way we're going to bridge is by seeing it as a business opportunity. The only way we're going to bridge is by recognizing our privileges.
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Of course, Medicaid is funded so you might be wondering. Well, we're cheaper than the alternatives. Some of our patients which can cost thousands. Some may stay home. But most would try to make an appointment called the Federally. This is a nationwide network that receive twice as much than private doctors like me. Not only they get more money, but by law, there can only be. That means they have a monopoly. And like any monopoly, there's a tendency for cost to go up. I'm not a government entity; I'm a private practice. I have a capitalist drive to innovate. I have to be fast and friendly. I have to be cost-effective. I have to be tall, dark and handsome. And if I'm not, I'm going out of business. I can innovate faster than a nonprofit, because I don't need a meeting. Really, none of our innovations we just put them together in a unique way to help low-income folks. And then, instead of taking I put it back into the refugee community. This is Mango House. My version of a medical home. In it, we have programs an after-school program, English classes, churches, dentist, legal help,. These programs are run and amazing staff, but all receive some amount of funding. Some call this social entrepreneurship. I call it social-service arbitrage. Exploiting inefficiencies in our. We're serving fifteen thousand refugees a year at less cost than where else. Of course, there's downsides rather than as a nonprofit. There's taxes and legal exposures. There's changing Medicaid rates. And there's bomb threats. Notice there's no apostrophes, it's like, "We were going to blow up.". "We were going to blow up but then we went.". Now, you might be thinking, Uncommon. A communal narcissist? A unicorn, maybe, because if this was so easy. Well, based on Medicaid rates,. You can be your own boss, help the poor and make. Medical folks, you wrote on your school that you wanted to help. But then you had your idealism. Your creativity bred out of you. It doesn't have to be that way. You can choose underserved medicine. Or you can be a specialist who cuts cost in order to see. And for the rest of you, what did you write on your applications? Most of us wanted to save the world. Maybe you've been but are now looking for that meaning? How can you get there? I don't just mean giving. I mean how can you use your expertise. It might be easier than you think. The only way we're going to bridge is by seeing it as a business opportunity. The only way we're going to bridge is by recognizing our privileges.
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You still matter. There's also a microphone that's listening to the aggregate laughter and applause and booing -- I hope not -- to help make some of its next decisions. Right, so, let the robot stand-up comedy begin. Data: Hello TEDWomen. It's an honor to be here. You guys are looking good out there. Ready for some jokes? Audience: Yeah. Data: Here's the first one. Right, so, a doctor says to his patient, "I have bad news and worse news. The bad news is that you only have 24 hours to live." "That's terrible," said the patient. "How can the news possibly be worse?" "I've been trying to contact you since yesterday." The Swiss have an interesting army. Five hundred years without a war. Heather Knight: He's talking about the Swiss. Data: Pretty lucky for them. Ever see that little Swiss Army knife they have to fight with? "Come on buddy, I have the toe clippers right here. You get past me, the guy behind me has a spoon." HK: He's a French robot. Data: A couple of New Jersey hunters are out in the woods. One of them falls to the ground. He does not seem to be breathing. The other guy whips out his cell phone and calls 911. He gasps to the operator, "My friend is dead. What can I do?" The operator says, "Just take it easy. I can help. First, let's make sure he's dead." There is a silence, and the operator hears a shot. The guy's voice comes back on the line, "Okay, now what?" Question: Why is television called a medium? Anyone? Because it's neither rare nor well done. But to be completely honest with you, I kind of love television. Any of you like television? Audience: Yes. Data: I find it incredibly educational. Actually, as soon as someone turns it on, I go into the other room and read. That's all for now. Was that okay for my first time? You've been a great audience. Thank you. HK: Yay. So this is actually the first time we've ever done live audience feedback to a performance. So thank you all for being a part of it. There's a lot more to come. And we hope to learn a lot about robot expression. Thank you very much.
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You still matter. There's also a microphone that's listening to the aggregate laughter and applause and booing -- I hope not -- to help make some of its next decisions. Right, so, let the robot stand-up comedy begin. Data: Hello TEDWomen. It's an honor to be here. You guys are looking good out there. Ready for some jokes? Audience: Yeah. Data: Here's the first one. Right, so, a doctor says to his patient, "I have bad news and worse news. The bad news is that you only have twenty four hours to live." "That's terrible," said the patient. "How can the news possibly be worse?" "I've been trying to contact you since yesterday." The Swiss have an interesting army. Five hundred years without a war. Heather Knight: He's talking about the Swiss. Data: Pretty lucky for them. Ever see that little Swiss Army knife they have to fight with? "Come on buddy, I have the toe clippers right here. You get past me, the guy behind me has a spoon." HK: He's a French robot. Data: A couple of New Jersey hunters are out in the woods. One of them falls to the ground. He does not seem to be breathing. The other guy whips out his cell phone and calls nine one one. He gasps to the operator, "My friend is dead. What can I do?" The operator says, "Just take it easy. I can help. First, let's make sure he's dead." There is a silence, and the operator hears a shot. The guy's voice comes back on the line, "Okay, now what?" Question: Why is television called a medium? Anyone? Because it's neither rare nor well done. But to be completely honest with you, I kind of love television. Any of you like television? Audience: Yes. Data: I find it incredibly educational. Actually, as soon as someone turns it on, I go into the other room and read. That's all for now. Was that okay for my first time? You've been a great audience. Thank you. HK: Yay. So this is actually the first time we've ever done live audience feedback to a performance. So thank you all for being a part of it. There's a lot more to come. And we hope to learn a lot about robot expression. Thank you very much.
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Time has come to stop thinking about sub-Saharan Africa as one place. Their countries are so different, and they merit to be recognized in the same way, as we don't talk about Europe as one place. I can tell you that the economy in Greece and Sweden are very different -- everyone knows that. And they are judged, each country, on how they are doing. So let me show the wider picture. My country, Sweden: 1800, we were up there. What a strange personality disorder we must have, counting the children so meticulously in spite of a high child death rate. It's very strange. It's sort of embarrassing. But we had that habit in Sweden, you know, that we counted all the child deaths, even if we didn't do anything about it. And then, you see, these were famine years. These were bad years, and people got fed up with Sweden. My ancestors moved to the United States. And eventually, soon they started to get better and better here. And here we got better education, and we got health service, and child mortality came down. We never had a war; Sweden was in peace all this time. But look, the rate of lowering in Sweden was not fast. Sweden achieved a low child mortality because we started early. We had primary school actually started in 1842. And then you get that wonderful effect when we got female literacy one generation later. You have to realize that the investments we do in progress are long-term investments. It's not about just five years -- it's long-term investments. And Sweden never reached [the] Millennium Development Goal rate, 3.1 percent when I calculated. So we are off track -- that's what Sweden is. But you don't talk about it so much. We want others to be better than we were, and indeed, others have been better. Let me show you Thailand, see what a success story, Thailand from the 1960s -- how they went down here and reached almost the same child mortality levels as Sweden. And I'll give you another story -- Egypt, the most hidden, glorious success in public health. Egypt was up here in 1960, higher than Congo. The Nile Delta was a misery for children with diarrheal disease and malaria and a lot of problems. And then they got the Aswan Dam. They got electricity in their homes, they increased education and they got primary health care. And down they went, you know. And they got safer water, they eradicated malaria. And isn't it a success story. Millennium Development Goal rates for child mortality is fully possible. And the good thing is that Ghana today is going with the same rate as Egypt did at its fastest. Kenya is now speeding up. Here we have a problem. We have a severe problem in countries which are at a standstill. Now, let me now bring you to a wider picture, a wider picture of child mortality. I'm going to show you the relationship between child mortality on this axis here -- this axis here is child mortality -- and here I have the family size.
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Time has come to stop thinking about sub-Saharan Africa as one place. Their countries are so different, and they merit to be recognized in the same way, as we don't talk about Europe as one place. I can tell you that the economy in Greece and Sweden are very different -- everyone knows that. And they are judged, each country, on how they are doing. So let me show the wider picture. My country, Sweden: one thousand eight hundred, we were up there. What a strange personality disorder we must have, counting the children so meticulously in spite of a high child death rate. It's very strange. It's sort of embarrassing. But we had that habit in Sweden, you know, that we counted all the child deaths, even if we didn't do anything about it. And then, you see, these were famine years. These were bad years, and people got fed up with Sweden. My ancestors moved to the United States. And eventually, soon they started to get better and better here. And here we got better education, and we got health service, and child mortality came down. We never had a war; Sweden was in peace all this time. But look, the rate of lowering in Sweden was not fast. Sweden achieved a low child mortality because we started early. We had primary school actually started in one thousand eight hundred forty two. And then you get that wonderful effect when we got female literacy one generation later. You have to realize that the investments we do in progress are long-term investments. It's not about just five years -- it's long-term investments. And Sweden never reached [the] Millennium Development Goal rate, three point one percent when I calculated. So we are off track -- that's what Sweden is. But you don't talk about it so much. We want others to be better than we were, and indeed, others have been better. Let me show you Thailand, see what a success story, Thailand from the nineteen sixties -- how they went down here and reached almost the same child mortality levels as Sweden. And I'll give you another story -- Egypt, the most hidden, glorious success in public health. Egypt was up here in nineteen sixty, higher than Congo. The Nile Delta was a misery for children with diarrheal disease and malaria and a lot of problems. And then they got the Aswan Dam. They got electricity in their homes, they increased education and they got primary health care. And down they went, you know. And they got safer water, they eradicated malaria. And isn't it a success story. Millennium Development Goal rates for child mortality is fully possible. And the good thing is that Ghana today is going with the same rate as Egypt did at its fastest. Kenya is now speeding up. Here we have a problem. We have a severe problem in countries which are at a standstill. Now, let me now bring you to a wider picture, a wider picture of child mortality. I'm going to show you the relationship between child mortality on this axis here -- this axis here is child mortality -- and here I have the family size.
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Now, that study was with but it's important because it shows can be extended to humans. And with humans, you can test whether destroying does anything to. And this is really interesting. Even though people while the memory was in edit mode were no longer afraid they could still describe the relationship between the cue. It was as if they knew and yet they weren't. This suggests that Propranolol the non-declarative emotional memory but leave the declarative. But critically, Propranolol can only have if it's in edit mode. So how do we make a memory unstable? How do we get it into edit mode? Well, my own lab has done. We know that it depends on introducing to be incorporated into the memory. We know about the different to signal that a memory and the file edited. Now, our work is mostly in rats, but other labs have found the same factors even maladaptive memories. In fact, a number of labs have begun small-scale clinical trials for PTSD and have found really promising results. Now, these studies need replication, but they show the promise for PTSD. Maybe trauma memories do not need to be. Now, although this memory-destroying that's not to say or without controversy. Is it ethical to destroy memories? What about things. What if you can't give someone Propranolol because it would interfere? Well, with respect to ethics I would say the important is the finding from that human study. Because Propranolol is only acting it seems unlikely that it would affect which is based on declarative memory. Essentially, what these are aiming to do is to reduce the emotional memory, not get rid of the trauma. This should make the responses more like those who have and not developed PTSD than people who have never. I think that most people would find that than a treatment that aimed. What about Propranolol? You can't give Propranolol to everyone, and not everyone wants to take drugs. Well, here Tetris could be useful. Yes, Tetris. Working with clinical collaborators, we've been looking at whether can also interfere with. Now, how would that work? Well, we know that to do two tasks at the same time if they both depend on. Think trying to sing along to the radio while you're trying to compose an email. The processing for one. Well, it's the same when especially in edit mode. If we take a highly visual symptom and get people to recall and then get them to do like playing Tetris, it should be possible to introduce into that memory that it essentially becomes meaningless. That's the theory, and it's supported by data. Now, our volunteers watched so, think eye surgery, Scorsese's "The Big Shave." These trauma films produce in healthy volunteers. We found that getting people the worst moments and playing Tetris at the same time, massively reduced the frequency. And again: the memory had to be. Now, my collaborators have since. They've tested this in survivors and mothers who've had both types of trauma and they found really promising in both of those clinical cases. So although there is still much to learn these memory-destroying treatments for the treatment like PTSD. Maybe trauma memories do not need. I believe that this approach should allow those who want to to turn the page that they would prefer and so improve our mental health. Thank you.
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Now, that study was with but it's important because it shows can be extended to humans. And with humans, you can test whether destroying does anything to. And this is really interesting. Even though people while the memory was in edit mode were no longer afraid they could still describe the relationship between the cue. It was as if they knew and yet they weren't. This suggests that Propranolol the non-declarative emotional memory but leave the declarative. But critically, Propranolol can only have if it's in edit mode. So how do we make a memory unstable? How do we get it into edit mode? Well, my own lab has done. We know that it depends on introducing to be incorporated into the memory. We know about the different to signal that a memory and the file edited. Now, our work is mostly in rats, but other labs have found the same factors even maladaptive memories. In fact, a number of labs have begun small-scale clinical trials for PTSD and have found really promising results. Now, these studies need replication, but they show the promise for PTSD. Maybe trauma memories do not need to be. Now, although this memory-destroying that's not to say or without controversy. Is it ethical to destroy memories? What about things. What if you can't give someone Propranolol because it would interfere? Well, with respect to ethics I would say the important is the finding from that human study. Because Propranolol is only acting it seems unlikely that it would affect which is based on declarative memory. Essentially, what these are aiming to do is to reduce the emotional memory, not get rid of the trauma. This should make the responses more like those who have and not developed PTSD than people who have never. I think that most people would find that than a treatment that aimed. What about Propranolol? You can't give Propranolol to everyone, and not everyone wants to take drugs. Well, here Tetris could be useful. Yes, Tetris. Working with clinical collaborators, we've been looking at whether can also interfere with. Now, how would that work? Well, we know that to do two tasks at the same time if they both depend on. Think trying to sing along to the radio while you're trying to compose an email. The processing for one. Well, it's the same when especially in edit mode. If we take a highly visual symptom and get people to recall and then get them to do like playing Tetris, it should be possible to introduce into that memory that it essentially becomes meaningless. That's the theory, and it's supported by data. Now, our volunteers watched so, think eye surgery, Scorsese's "The Big Shave." These trauma films produce in healthy volunteers. We found that getting people the worst moments and playing Tetris at the same time, massively reduced the frequency. And again: the memory had to be. Now, my collaborators have since. They've tested this in survivors and mothers who've had both types of trauma and they found really promising in both of those clinical cases. So although there is still much to learn these memory-destroying treatments for the treatment like PTSD. Maybe trauma memories do not need. I believe that this approach should allow those who want to to turn the page that they would prefer and so improve our mental health. Thank you.
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long_en_11
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Memory is such an everyday thing. We all remember what we had or what we did last weekend. It's only when memory starts to fail that we appreciate just how amazing it is and how much we allow. But memory is not always a good thing. As the American poet and clergyman, "As memory may be a paradise, it may also be a hell." Many of us experience that we would prefer. It is estimated that will experience some sort of. Many of us will suffer acutely, maybe even become better people. But some events, up to half of those who survive, will go on to develop or PTSD. PTSD is a debilitating, characterized by symptoms and flashbacks of the traumatic event. These symptoms have a huge impact, and are often triggered or cues in that person's environment. The responses to those cues may have been fear and diving for cover, but in PTSD, they continue to control behavior. If a combat veteran returns home when he or she hears a car backfiring or can't leave their own home, then the responses have become what we would. In this way, we can think of PTSD. Now, I should stop myself here, because I'm talking about memory. It isn't. There are many different types of memory, and these depend upon different circuits. As you can see, there are two. There are those memories where we know we know and that we can pass on in words. This would include memories. Because we can declare these memories, we refer to these as declarative memories. The other type of memory. These are memories where we often to the content of those memories and that we can't pass on in words. The classic example is the motor skill for riding a bike. Now, this being Cambridge, You know what you're doing on two wheels. But if I asked you to write me that would teach me how to ride a bike, as my four-year-old son did for his last birthday, you would really struggle to do that. How should you sit on the bike? How fast do you need to pedal? If a gust of wind comes at you, which muscles should you tense so that you don't get blown off? I'll be staggered if you can give. But if you can ride a bike, you're just not consciously aware of them. Getting back to PTSD, another type of non-declarative memory is emotional memory. Now, this has a specific and refers to our ability and their emotional. What do I mean by that? Well, think of a cue or a more abstract cue. Because these cues have been pegged we like them and we approach them. Other cues, like the buzzing of a wasp, and quite dramatic. Now, I hate wasps. I can tell you that fact. But what I can't give you for how I react. I can't give you the racing heart, the sweaty palms. I can describe them to you, but I can't give them to you. Now, importantly, stress has very different effects on and the brain circuits. Emotional memory is supported called the amygdala and its connections. Declarative memory, especially the what, is supported by a seahorse-shaped called the hippocampus. The extreme levels of stress have very different effects. As you can see, as you increase from not stressful to slightly stressful, the hippocampus, acting to support the event memory, increases in its activity and works better to support. But as you increase to moderately and then extremely stressful, the hippocampus. This means that under that are experienced we are not storing the details, the specific details. Now, while stress is doing that look at what it does to the amygdala, that structure important. Its activity gets stronger and stronger. So what this leaves is an overly strong emotional -- that is not tied because the hippocampus. In this way, these cues when it's no longer appropriate, and that's how. So if we know that PTSD can we use that knowledge for patients with PTSD? A radical new approach being developed aims to destroy those maladaptive that underlie the disorder. This approach has only because of the profound changes in recent years. Traditionally, it was thought was like writing in a notebook in pen: once the ink had dried. It was thought that all that happen in the brain were finished within about six hours, and after that, they were permanent. This is known as the consolidation view. However, more recent research suggests is actually more like writing. We initially make the memory. But under the right conditions, this reconsolidation view suggests that happen in the brain to support memory can be undone, even for old memories.
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Memory is such an everyday thing. We all remember what we had or what we did last weekend. It's only when memory starts to fail that we appreciate just how amazing it is and how much we allow. But memory is not always a good thing. As the American poet and clergyman, "As memory may be a paradise, it may also be a hell." Many of us experience that we would prefer. It is estimated that will experience some sort of. Many of us will suffer acutely, maybe even become better people. But some events, up to half of those who survive, will go on to develop or PTSD. PTSD is a debilitating, characterized by symptoms and flashbacks of the traumatic event. These symptoms have a huge impact, and are often triggered or cues in that person's environment. The responses to those cues may have been fear and diving for cover, but in PTSD, they continue to control behavior. If a combat veteran returns home when he or she hears a car backfiring or can't leave their own home, then the responses have become what we would. In this way, we can think of PTSD. Now, I should stop myself here, because I'm talking about memory. It isn't. There are many different types of memory, and these depend upon different circuits. As you can see, there are two. There are those memories where we know we know and that we can pass on in words. This would include memories. Because we can declare these memories, we refer to these as declarative memories. The other type of memory. These are memories where we often to the content of those memories and that we can't pass on in words. The classic example is the motor skill for riding a bike. Now, this being Cambridge, You know what you're doing on two wheels. But if I asked you to write me that would teach me how to ride a bike, as my four year old son did for his last birthday, you would really struggle to do that. How should you sit on the bike? How fast do you need to pedal? If a gust of wind comes at you, which muscles should you tense so that you don't get blown off? I'll be staggered if you can give. But if you can ride a bike, you're just not consciously aware of them. Getting back to PTSD, another type of non-declarative memory is emotional memory. Now, this has a specific and refers to our ability and their emotional. What do I mean by that? Well, think of a cue or a more abstract cue. Because these cues have been pegged we like them and we approach them. Other cues, like the buzzing of a wasp, and quite dramatic. Now, I hate wasps. I can tell you that fact. But what I can't give you for how I react. I can't give you the racing heart, the sweaty palms. I can describe them to you, but I can't give them to you. Now, importantly, stress has very different effects on and the brain circuits. Emotional memory is supported called the amygdala and its connections. Declarative memory, especially the what, is supported by a seahorse-shaped called the hippocampus. The extreme levels of stress have very different effects. As you can see, as you increase from not stressful to slightly stressful, the hippocampus, acting to support the event memory, increases in its activity and works better to support. But as you increase to moderately and then extremely stressful, the hippocampus. This means that under that are experienced we are not storing the details, the specific details. Now, while stress is doing that look at what it does to the amygdala, that structure important. Its activity gets stronger and stronger. So what this leaves is an overly strong emotional -- that is not tied because the hippocampus. In this way, these cues when it's no longer appropriate, and that's how. So if we know that PTSD can we use that knowledge for patients with PTSD? A radical new approach being developed aims to destroy those maladaptive that underlie the disorder. This approach has only because of the profound changes in recent years. Traditionally, it was thought was like writing in a notebook in pen: once the ink had dried. It was thought that all that happen in the brain were finished within about six hours, and after that, they were permanent. This is known as the consolidation view. However, more recent research suggests is actually more like writing. We initially make the memory. But under the right conditions, this reconsolidation view suggests that happen in the brain to support memory can be undone, even for old memories.
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When was the last time in a city with new buildings? I want to talk to you about the problem that we all know exists. We're increasingly surrounded. I believe we're living through. With a few exceptions, we all know that new buildings. Everywhere is the same. Dull, flat, straight, shiny. Inhuman. They're what my daughter. These buildings justify themselves. I’m a designer of buildings, that form should follow function. Meaning if I work out mechanically the outcome will somehow. This mantra, form follows function. And it sounds good, doesn't it? Who can argue with that? Surely any extra detail is just silly. I want to talk about the function that's crucial. That I believe is missing. The function of emotion. And when I say emotion, I mean the ability of buildings. To lift our spirits, to connect us. Buildings affect us. We walk around them, we look up at them. And for most of us, they just leave us feeling indifferent. So if I took all of us to a city and said, "Which bit would you like to go to? Would you like to go to the old bit or the new bit?" You've given me my answer already. We all know instinctively, the majority are going. Why? Because we all know the new bit. So where did all the lumps? The shadows, the textures, the high points of light. How did it all become so two dimensional, so simplistic and devoid of character? Well, it turns out, I'm not the only one who's alarmed by what's happening. There's research showing that these buildings. They're harming us. They're bad for our mental health, causing stress in our brains. They're bad for our physical health, making us take longer to recover. And they're also bad for societal health, increasing the likelihood of crime. But this gets most sinister. And think about the climate crisis. Immense emphasis has been placed. And in this 2019 study, aviation was responsible for 2.1 percent. But the crazy elephant in the room is that the construction is responsible for a whopping 38 percent. And in America every year, a billion square foot of buildings. That’s the equivalent of half just to be reconstructed. And this isn't just in the US. This is global. In the UK, we demolish. The average age of a commercial building. So that means if I had been born I would have been killed 12 years ago. It's quite straightforward. When people don't love -- and I'm using the word love -- love buildings, they're more likely to demolish them. I feel those two dots. But when you make a building, one of the most expensive things there are, understandably, huge of politics and egos. These forces of soullessness are immense. And change is scary for everybody, myself included. But I'm convinced that emotion that's been forgotten. There are, however, who do understand. Here's a few of them. In France, Sou Fujimoto has designed this. In Burkina Faso, Francis Kéré has made. In Lebanon, Lina Ghotmeh Architecture to make characterful housing.
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When was the last time in a city with new buildings? I want to talk to you about the problem that we all know exists. We're increasingly surrounded. I believe we're living through. With a few exceptions, we all know that new buildings. Everywhere is the same. Dull, flat, straight, shiny. Inhuman. They're what my daughter. These buildings justify themselves. I’m a designer of buildings, that form should follow function. Meaning if I work out mechanically the outcome will somehow. This mantra, form follows function. And it sounds good, doesn't it? Who can argue with that? Surely any extra detail is just silly. I want to talk about the function that's crucial. That I believe is missing. The function of emotion. And when I say emotion, I mean the ability of buildings. To lift our spirits, to connect us. Buildings affect us. We walk around them, we look up at them. And for most of us, they just leave us feeling indifferent. So if I took all of us to a city and said, "Which bit would you like to go to? Would you like to go to the old bit or the new bit?" You've given me my answer already. We all know instinctively, the majority are going. Why? Because we all know the new bit. So where did all the lumps? The shadows, the textures, the high points of light. How did it all become so two dimensional, so simplistic and devoid of character? Well, it turns out, I'm not the only one who's alarmed by what's happening. There's research showing that these buildings. They're harming us. They're bad for our mental health, causing stress in our brains. They're bad for our physical health, making us take longer to recover. And they're also bad for societal health, increasing the likelihood of crime. But this gets most sinister. And think about the climate crisis. Immense emphasis has been placed. And in this two thousand nineteen study, aviation was responsible for two point one percent. But the crazy elephant in the room is that the construction is responsible for a whopping thirty-eight percent. And in America every year, a billion square foot of buildings. That’s the equivalent of half just to be reconstructed. And this isn't just in the US. This is global. In the UK, we demolish. The average age of a commercial building. So that means if I had been born I would have been killed twelve years ago. It's quite straightforward. When people don't love -- and I'm using the word love -- love buildings, they're more likely to demolish them. I feel those two dots. But when you make a building, one of the most expensive things there are, understandably, huge of politics and egos. These forces of soullessness are immense. And change is scary for everybody, myself included. But I'm convinced that emotion that's been forgotten. There are, however, who do understand. Here's a few of them. In France, Sou Fujimoto has designed this. In Burkina Faso, Francis Kéré has made. In Lebanon, Lina Ghotmeh Architecture to make characterful housing.
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It is a dream of mankind. Birds are very agile. They fly, not with rotating components, so they fly only by flapping their wings. So we looked at the birds, and we tried to make a model and it must have excellent that would fly by its own. So what would be better than to use circling and swooping over the sea, and to use this as a role model? So we bring a team together. There are generalists and also specialists in the field of building gliders. And the task was to build that is able to fly over your heads. So be careful later on. And this was one issue: to build it that lightweight that no one would be hurt if it fell down. So why do we do all this? We are a company and we'd like to do because that's energy efficient, and we'd like to learn more. So I now would like you and put your hats on. So maybe we'll try it once -- to fly a SmartBird. Thank you. So we can now look at the SmartBird. So here is one without a skin. We have a wingspan of about two meters. The length is one meter and six, and the weight is only 450 grams. And it is all out of carbon fiber. In the middle we have a motor, and we also have a gear in it, and we use the gear. So within the motor, so we know exactly where the wing is. And if we now beat up and down --. We have the possibility. So if you go down, you have. And if you go up, the wings are not that large, and it is easier to get up. So, the next thing we did, or the challenges we did, was to coordinate this movement. We have to turn it, go up and go down. We have a split wing. With the split wing, we get the lift at the upper wing, and we get the propulsion. Also, we see how we measure. We had knowledge and then we can calculate. So therefore, it rises up from 30 percent up to 80 percent. Next thing we have to do, we have to control and regulate. Only if you control and regulate it, you will get that aerodynamic efficiency. So the overall consumption of energy is about 25 watts at takeoff and 16 to 18 watts in flight. Thank you. Bruno Giussani: Markus, Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure. Yeah!
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It is a dream of mankind. Birds are very agile. They fly, not with rotating components, so they fly only by flapping their wings. So we looked at the birds, and we tried to make a model and it must have excellent that would fly by its own. So what would be better than to use circling and swooping over the sea, and to use this as a role model? So we bring a team together. There are generalists and also specialists in the field of building gliders. And the task was to build that is able to fly over your heads. So be careful later on. And this was one issue: to build it that lightweight that no one would be hurt if it fell down. So why do we do all this? We are a company and we'd like to do because that's energy efficient, and we'd like to learn more. So I now would like you and put your hats on. So maybe we'll try it once -- to fly a SmartBird. Thank you. So we can now look at the SmartBird. So here is one without a skin. We have a wingspan of about two meters. The length is one meter and six, and the weight is only four hundred fifty grams. And it is all out of carbon fiber. In the middle we have a motor, and we also have a gear in it, and we use the gear. So within the motor, so we know exactly where the wing is. And if we now beat up and down --. We have the possibility. So if you go down, you have. And if you go up, the wings are not that large, and it is easier to get up. So, the next thing we did, or the challenges we did, was to coordinate this movement. We have to turn it, go up and go down. We have a split wing. With the split wing, we get the lift at the upper wing, and we get the propulsion. Also, we see how we measure. We had knowledge and then we can calculate. So therefore, it rises up from thirty percent up to eighty percent. Next thing we have to do, we have to control and regulate. Only if you control and regulate it, you will get that aerodynamic efficiency. So the overall consumption of energy is about twenty five watts at takeoff and sixteen to eighteen watts in flight. Thank you. Bruno Giussani: Markus, Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure. Yeah!.
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Saida Aden Said: I still have. I could see people falling down, gunshots. I was so terrified. Really, I was crying a lot. Someone who knew my father and my mom: "Let's go! Let's go! Let's go!" And I was like, "Where's my mom?" Noria Dambrine Dusabireme: we would hear guns. Elections were supposed to happen. We had young people going in the street, they were having strikes. And most of the young people died. SAS: We boarded a vehicle. It was overloaded. People were running for their lives. That is how I fled from Somalia. My mom missed me. Nobody told her where I went. NDD: The fact that we couldn't go to the market, made me realize that if I got an option I could just go for it. Ignazio Matteini: Globally, have been increasing. Now there are almost 60 million. And unfortunately, it doesn't stop. Chrystina Russell: I think is starting to realize that we're talking about. Baylie Damtie Yeshita: These students, a degree that they can use. If the students are living now in Rwanda, if they get relocated, Still, their degree is useful,. CR: Our audacious project Southern New Hampshire University's ability to scale, to bring bachelor's degrees to refugees and those who would otherwise. SAS: It was almost impossible, to further my education. My name is Saida Aden Said, and I am from Somalia. I was nine years old and I started going to school at 17. Now I am doing my bachelor degree with SNHU. NDD: My name is Noria Dambrine Dusabireme. I'm doing my bachelor of arts with a concentration in business. CR: We are serving students. Lebanon, Kenya, Malawi,. Really proud to have 800 AA grads and nearly 1,000 students. So, the magic of this is that we're. There are no classes. There are no lectures. There are no due dates. There are no final exams. This degree is competency-based. You choose when you start your project. You choose how. NDD: When you open the platform,. Under each goal, we can find projects. When you open a project, that you have to master, directions and overview of the project. CR: The secret sauce of SNHU is combining that with the in-person learning to provide all the wraparound supports. That includes academic coaching. It means psychosocial support, medical support, and it's also that back-end that's really resulting the 88 percent employment. NDD: I'm a social media management intern. It's related to the communications. I've learned so many things. CR: The structured internship for students to practice their skills, for us to create connections and a later job opportunity. This is a model that really and university policies and instead puts the student. IM: The SNHU model. Huge. It's a huge shake to the traditional way. BDY: It can transform from these vulnerable. NDD: If I get the degree, I can just come back and work. I can go for a masters which is something that. And I have the confidence to actually go out without having to fear. SAS: I always wanted. I want to establish a nonprofit. We advocate for women's education. I want to be someone and encourage them to learn and tell them it is never too late. It's a dream.
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Saida Aden Said: I still have. I could see people falling down, gunshots. I was so terrified. Really, I was crying a lot. Someone who knew my father and my mom: "Let's go! Let's go! Let's go!" And I was like, "Where's my mom?" Noria Dambrine Dusabireme: we would hear guns. Elections were supposed to happen. We had young people going in the street, they were having strikes. And most of the young people died. SAS: We boarded a vehicle. It was overloaded. People were running for their lives. That is how I fled from Somalia. My mom missed me. Nobody told her where I went. NDD: The fact that we couldn't go to the market, made me realize that if I got an option I could just go for it. Ignazio Matteini: Globally, have been increasing. Now there are almost sixty million. And unfortunately, it doesn't stop. Chrystina Russell: I think is starting to realize that we're talking about. Baylie Damtie Yeshita: These students, a degree that they can use. If the students are living now in Rwanda, if they get relocated, Still, their degree is useful,. CR: Our audacious project Southern New Hampshire University's ability to scale, to bring bachelor's degrees to refugees and those who would otherwise. SAS: It was almost impossible, to further my education. My name is Saida Aden Said, and I am from Somalia. I was nine years old and I started going to school at seventeen. Now I am doing my bachelor degree with SNHU. NDD: My name is Noria Dambrine Dusabireme. I'm doing my bachelor of arts with a concentration in business. CR: We are serving students. Lebanon, Kenya, Malawi,. Really proud to have eight hundred AA grads and nearly one thousand students. So, the magic of this is that we're. There are no classes. There are no lectures. There are no due dates. There are no final exams. This degree is competency-based. You choose when you start your project. You choose how. NDD: When you open the platform,. Under each goal, we can find projects. When you open a project, that you have to master, directions and overview of the project. CR: The secret sauce of SNHU is combining that with the in-person learning to provide all the wraparound supports. That includes academic coaching. It means psychosocial support, medical support, and it's also that back-end that's really resulting the eighty eight percent employment. NDD: I'm a social media management intern. It's related to the communications. I've learned so many things. CR: The structured internship for students to practice their skills, for us to create connections and a later job opportunity. This is a model that really and university policies and instead puts the student. IM: The SNHU model. Huge. It's a huge shake to the traditional way. BDY: It can transform from these vulnerable. NDD: If I get the degree, I can just come back and work. I can go for a masters which is something that. And I have the confidence to actually go out without having to fear. SAS: I always wanted. I want to establish a nonprofit. We advocate for women's education. I want to be someone and encourage them to learn and tell them it is never too late. It's a dream.
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I want you to envision generated by artificial intelligence. When most of us think of AI art, I bet we're imagining something like this. We're all probably picturing Today, with machine learning models like we've seen AI produce everything to imaginary influencers to entirely foreign. AI as a technology is fascinating to us because we're inherently drawn. And with neural networks processing data made by people from every possible millions of images in one simple scan, they can produce visuals yet strikingly unfamiliar. More poetically, AI mirrors us. The world is beginning to change and it's basically divided. There are pessimists who think AI poses. And then optimists who see it. So is it even possible to be truly? How do we begin to critically engage? We can start by looking at some metaphors, narratives and insights from artists who are truly pushing. Let's look to these moments, confusion and wonder, that give us just one small glimpse into the possibilities of encounter. Because as we've seen, this is a very moral and ethical encounter as much as an aesthetic one. Mario Klingemann sold this piece. It is running an AI model from the 17th to 19th centuries. The model constantly reveals uncanny. Each one is unique, generated in real time. For the viewer, it's almost like peering as it conjures each new portrait. Sofia Crespo's series "Neural Zoo" of the real world to generate unreal sea creatures. Frogs look like flowers. Translucent jellyfish. There’s no one real creature but AI allows us to envision otherworldly. This abstract piece by Sara Ludy. It was augmented to fit a 16-by-9 ratio, using a prompt for "torn edges". Outpainting allows artists beyond the frame using simple. This piece by Ivona Tau. But it is also the work of AI. It's the result of GAN training from the artist's personal. Tau curates from her own photographs, carefully choosing the inputs. In many ways, AI art. It becomes the process of selecting. This video pulls from models trained resulting in a kind of algorithmic memory. But she also created a destructed to symbolize forgetting. And finally, we have Claire Silver. Silver has called herself in that she works intentionally. Her process is constantly evolving. She often works masking and transforming. For this portrait, she shifted the opacity, transforming it bit by bit. She likens this technique to her version. Silver feeds AI-generated images, effectively creating new forms for the machine itself. Her work is half master painting. Both old and new. This piece pulls inspiration like John Singer Sargent, almost as an homage. Because different AI models are trained, it's almost like they're all speaking. AI is everywhere now. We are all now collectively, whether we're aware of it or not. If we want to be a part of these worlds. If we want to be culturally literate in these new kinds of images, then looking to the work of artists. We need to brace ourselves, which is only going to multiply all the creative possibilities. Thank you.
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I want you to envision generated by artificial intelligence. When most of us think of AI art, I bet we're imagining something like this. We're all probably picturing Today, with machine learning models like we've seen AI produce everything to imaginary influencers to entirely foreign. AI as a technology is fascinating to us because we're inherently drawn. And with neural networks processing data made by people from every possible millions of images in one simple scan, they can produce visuals yet strikingly unfamiliar. More poetically, AI mirrors us. The world is beginning to change and it's basically divided. There are pessimists who think AI poses. And then optimists who see it. So is it even possible to be truly? How do we begin to critically engage? We can start by looking at some metaphors, narratives and insights from artists who are truly pushing. Let's look to these moments, confusion and wonder, that give us just one small glimpse into the possibilities of encounter. Because as we've seen, this is a very moral and ethical encounter as much as an aesthetic one. Mario Klingemann sold this piece. It is running an AI model from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries. The model constantly reveals uncanny. Each one is unique, generated in real time. For the viewer, it's almost like peering as it conjures each new portrait. Sofia Crespo's series "Neural Zoo" of the real world to generate unreal sea creatures. Frogs look like flowers. Translucent jellyfish. There’s no one real creature but AI allows us to envision otherworldly. This abstract piece by Sara Ludy. It was augmented to fit a sixteen by nine ratio, using a prompt for "torn edges". Outpainting allows artists beyond the frame using simple. This piece by Ivona Tau. But it is also the work of AI. It's the result of GAN training from the artist's personal. Tau curates from her own photographs, carefully choosing the inputs. In many ways, AI art. It becomes the process of selecting. This video pulls from models trained resulting in a kind of algorithmic memory. But she also created a destructed to symbolize forgetting. And finally, we have Claire Silver. Silver has called herself in that she works intentionally. Her process is constantly evolving. She often works masking and transforming. For this portrait, she shifted the opacity, transforming it bit by bit. She likens this technique to her version. Silver feeds AI-generated images, effectively creating new forms for the machine itself. Her work is half master painting. Both old and new. This piece pulls inspiration like John Singer Sargent, almost as an homage. Because different AI models are trained, it's almost like they're all speaking. AI is everywhere now. We are all now collectively, whether we're aware of it or not. If we want to be a part of these worlds. If we want to be culturally literate in these new kinds of images, then looking to the work of artists. We need to brace ourselves, which is only going to multiply all the creative possibilities. Thank you.
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long_en_36
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Think of a hard choice. It might be between two careers -- artist and accountant -- or places to live -- or even between two people to marry -- you could marry Betty. Or it might be a choice to have an ailing parent move in with you, to raise your child in a religion but leaves you cold. Or whether to donate. Chances are, the hard choice something momentous. Hard choices seem to be occasions for agonizing, hand-wringing. But I think we've. And the role they play in our lives. Understanding hard choices uncovers a hidden power. What makes a choice hard? In any easy choice, one alternative is better than the other. In a hard choice, one alternative is better in some ways, the other alternative. And neither is better. You agonize over whether to stay or uproot your life because staying is better in some ways, moving is better in others, and neither is better. We shouldn't think. Let's say you're deciding. You could have high fiber bran cereal or a chocolate donut. Suppose what matters in the choice. The cereal is better for you, the donut tastes way better, but neither is better, a hard choice. Realizing that small choices may make big hard choices. After all, we manage to figure out. So maybe we can figure out or uproot for the new job in the country. We also shouldn't think because we are stupid. When I graduated from college, I couldn't decide between two careers. I really loved philosophy. There are amazing things and all from the comfort of an armchair. But I came from a modest immigrant family where my idea of luxury was having a pork tongue in my school lunchbox, so the thought of spending my whole life sitting around in armchairs. Well, that struck me as the height. So I got out my yellow pad. I drew a line down the middle. And I tried my best for and against each alternative. I remember thinking to myself, if only I knew what my life. If only God or Netflix would send me a DVD. I'd be set. I'd compare them side by side. I'd see that one was better. And the choice would be easy. But I got no DVD, and because I couldn't, I did what many of us do in hard choices: I took the safest option. Fear of being an unemployed philosopher. And as I discovered, It wasn't who I was. So now I'm a philosopher, and I study hard choices, and I can tell you, while a common motivational default rests on a misconception of them. It's a mistake to think one alternative but we're too stupid to know which, and since we don't know which, we might as well take. Even taking two alternatives side by side with full information. Hard choices are hard. They're hard because there. Now, if there's no best option, if the scales don't tip in favor then surely the alternatives. So maybe the right thing is that they're. But that can't be right. If alternatives are equally good, and it seems a mistake to think, here's how you should. Places to live, people to marry: Flip a coin. There's another reason for thinking that hard choices aren't choices. Suppose you have a choice. You could be an investment banker or a graphic artist. There are a variety of things like the excitement of the work, achieving financial security, having time to raise a family, and so on. Maybe the artist's career of new forms of pictorial expression. Maybe the banking career of new forms of financial manipulation. Imagine the two jobs however you like, so that neither is better than the other. Now suppose we improve one of them, a bit. Suppose the bank, wooing you, adds 500 dollars a month to your salary. Does the extra money now make the banking job? Not necessarily. A higher salary makes the banking job. But it might not be enough to make being a banker. But if an improvement in one of the jobs then the two original jobs. If you start with two things and you improve one of them, it now must be better than the other. That's not the case. So now we've got a puzzle. We've got two jobs. Neither is better than the other. So how are we supposed to choose? Something seems to have gone wrong here. Maybe the choice itself is problematic. But that can't be right. It's not like we're trying to choose. We're weighing the merits, not the merits of the number nine. A comparison of the overall is something we can make, and one we often do make. I think the puzzle arises because of an unreflective assumption.
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Think of a hard choice. It might be between two careers -- artist and accountant -- or places to live -- or even between two people to marry -- you could marry Betty. Or it might be a choice to have an ailing parent move in with you, to raise your child in a religion but leaves you cold. Or whether to donate. Chances are, the hard choice something momentous. Hard choices seem to be occasions for agonizing, hand-wringing. But I think we've. And the role they play in our lives. Understanding hard choices uncovers a hidden power. What makes a choice hard? In any easy choice, one alternative is better than the other. In a hard choice, one alternative is better in some ways, the other alternative. And neither is better. You agonize over whether to stay or uproot your life because staying is better in some ways, moving is better in others, and neither is better. We shouldn't think. Let's say you're deciding. You could have high fiber bran cereal or a chocolate donut. Suppose what matters in the choice. The cereal is better for you, the donut tastes way better, but neither is better, a hard choice. Realizing that small choices may make big hard choices. After all, we manage to figure out. So maybe we can figure out or uproot for the new job in the country. We also shouldn't think because we are stupid. When I graduated from college, I couldn't decide between two careers. I really loved philosophy. There are amazing things and all from the comfort of an armchair. But I came from a modest immigrant family where my idea of luxury was having a pork tongue in my school lunchbox, so the thought of spending my whole life sitting around in armchairs. Well, that struck me as the height. So I got out my yellow pad. I drew a line down the middle. And I tried my best for and against each alternative. I remember thinking to myself, if only I knew what my life. If only God or Netflix would send me a DVD. I'd be set. I'd compare them side by side. I'd see that one was better. And the choice would be easy. But I got no DVD, and because I couldn't, I did what many of us do in hard choices: I took the safest option. Fear of being an unemployed philosopher. And as I discovered, It wasn't who I was. So now I'm a philosopher, and I study hard choices, and I can tell you, while a common motivational default rests on a misconception of them. It's a mistake to think one alternative but we're too stupid to know which, and since we don't know which, we might as well take. Even taking two alternatives side by side with full information. Hard choices are hard. They're hard because there. Now, if there's no best option, if the scales don't tip in favor then surely the alternatives. So maybe the right thing is that they're. But that can't be right. If alternatives are equally good, and it seems a mistake to think, here's how you should. Places to live, people to marry: Flip a coin. There's another reason for thinking that hard choices aren't choices. Suppose you have a choice. You could be an investment banker or a graphic artist. There are a variety of things like the excitement of the work, achieving financial security, having time to raise a family, and so on. Maybe the artist's career of new forms of pictorial expression. Maybe the banking career of new forms of financial manipulation. Imagine the two jobs however you like, so that neither is better than the other. Now suppose we improve one of them, a bit. Suppose the bank, wooing you, adds five hundred dollars a month to your salary. Does the extra money now make the banking job? Not necessarily. A higher salary makes the banking job. But it might not be enough to make being a banker. But if an improvement in one of the jobs then the two original jobs. If you start with two things and you improve one of them, it now must be better than the other. That's not the case. So now we've got a puzzle. We've got two jobs. Neither is better than the other. So how are we supposed to choose? Something seems to have gone wrong here. Maybe the choice itself is problematic. But that can't be right. It's not like we're trying to choose. We're weighing the merits, not the merits of the number nine. A comparison of the overall is something we can make, and one we often do make. I think the puzzle arises because of an unreflective assumption.
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long_en_43
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| 876 |
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I can describe it very simply. I can describe it in my arms, right? So all I did was take my hand and then I move my hand. I can describe it, whoa, in my head, you know? Whoa. Okay. I can do also my shoulder, yeah? It gives me something to do, something to work towards. If I were to take that letter "T" and flatten it down on the floor, here, maybe just off the floor, all of a sudden I could do maybe something with my knee, yeah? Whoa. So if I put the knee and the arms together, I've got something physical, yeah? I can start to build something. So what I'm going to do just for one and a half minutes or so is I'm going to take that concept. I'm going to make something. The dancers behind me are going to interpret it. They're going to snapshot it. They're going to take aspects of it. It's almost like I'm offloading memory and they're holding onto memory. Yeah? We'll see what we come up with. So just have a little watch about how they're accessing this and what they're doing. I'm just going to take this letter "T," the letter "E," and the letter "D," to make something. Okay. Here goes. I have to get myself in the zone. Right. It's a bit of a cross of my arm. All I'm doing is exploring this space of "T" and flashing through it with some action. I'm not remembering what I'm doing. I'm just working on my task. My task is this "T." I'm going to watch it from the side. Whoa. Strike moment. That's it. We're starting to build a phrase. What they're doing, let's see, something like that. What they're doing is grasping aspects of that movement and they're generating it into a phrase. You can see the speed is extremely quick, yeah? I'm not asking them to copy exactly. They're using the information that they receive to generate the beginnings of a phrase. I can watch that and that can tell me something about how it is that they're moving. Yeah, they're super quick, right? I've taken this aspect of TED and translated it into something that's physical. Some dancers, when they're watching action, take the overall shape, the arc of the movement, the kinetic sense of the movement, and use that for memory. Some work very much in specific detail. They start with small little units and build it up. Okay, you've got something? One more thing. So they're solving this problem for me, having a little. They're constructing that phrase. They have something and they're going to hold on to it, yeah? One way of making. That's going to be my beginning in this world premiere. Okay. From there I'm going to do a very different thing. Basically, I'm going to make a duet. I want you to think about them as architectural objects. What they are are just pure lines. They're no longer people. Just pure lines. I'm going to work with them almost as objects to think with, yeah? What I'm thinking about is taking a few physical extensions from the body as I move, and I move them. I do that by suggesting things to them: If, then; if, then. Okay, so here we go. Just grab this arm. Can you place that down into the floor? Yeah, down to the floor. Can you go underneath? Yeah. Cat, can you put leg over that side? Yeah. Can you rotate? Whoom. Just go back to the beginning. Here we go. Ready? And bam, bake. Great. Okay. From there, you're both getting up. You're both getting up. Here we go. Good. Now? Them. So from there, from there, we're both getting up. We're both getting up. Going in this direction. Going underneath. Whoa, whoa, underneath. Whoa, underneath, whoo-um. Yeah? Underneath. Jump. Underneath. Jump. Paolo, kick. Don't care where. Kick. Kick, replace, change a leg. Kick, replace, change the leg. Yeah? Okay? Cat, almost get his head. Almost get his head. Whoaa. Just after it, maybe. Whoaa, whaaay, ooh. Grab her waist. Come up back into her first. Whoom. Spin. Turn her. Whoo-aa. Great. Okay, let's have a little go from the beginning of that. Just, let me slow down here. Fancy having eight. Fancy having eight hours with me in a day. So maybe too much. So here we go. Ready. Nice, good job. Yeah? Okay. Okay, not bad. A little bit more? Yeah. Just a little bit more. Here we go from that place. Separate. Face the front. Separate. Face the front. Imagine that there's a circle in front of you, yeah? Avoid it. Avoid it. Whoom. Kick it out of the way. Kick it out of the way. Throw it into the audience. Whoom. Throw it into the audience again. We've got mental architecture. We're sharing it. Therefore solving a problem.
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I can describe it very simply. I can describe it in my arms, right? So all I did was take my hand and then I move my hand. I can describe it, whoa, in my head, you know? Whoa. Okay. I can do also my shoulder, yeah? It gives me something to do, something to work towards. If I were to take that letter "T" and flatten it down on the floor, here, maybe just off the floor, all of a sudden I could do maybe something with my knee, yeah? Whoa. So if I put the knee and the arms together, I've got something physical, yeah? I can start to build something. So what I'm going to do just for one and a half minutes or so is I'm going to take that concept. I'm going to make something. The dancers behind me are going to interpret it. They're going to snapshot it. They're going to take aspects of it. It's almost like I'm offloading memory and they're holding onto memory. Yeah? We'll see what we come up with. So just have a little watch about how they're accessing this and what they're doing. I'm just going to take this letter "T," the letter "E," and the letter "D," to make something. Okay. Here goes. I have to get myself in the zone. Right. It's a bit of a cross of my arm. All I'm doing is exploring this space of "T" and flashing through it with some action. I'm not remembering what I'm doing. I'm just working on my task. My task is this "T." I'm going to watch it from the side. Whoa. Strike moment. That's it. We're starting to build a phrase. What they're doing, let's see, something like that. What they're doing is grasping aspects of that movement and they're generating it into a phrase. You can see the speed is extremely quick, yeah? I'm not asking them to copy exactly. They're using the information that they receive to generate the beginnings of a phrase. I can watch that and that can tell me something about how it is that they're moving. Yeah, they're super quick, right? I've taken this aspect of TED and translated it into something that's physical. Some dancers, when they're watching action, take the overall shape, the arc of the movement, the kinetic sense of the movement, and use that for memory. Some work very much in specific detail. They start with small little units and build it up. Okay, you've got something? One more thing. So they're solving this problem for me, having a little. They're constructing that phrase. They have something and they're going to hold on to it, yeah? One way of making. That's going to be my beginning in this world premiere. Okay. From there I'm going to do a very different thing. Basically, I'm going to make a duet. I want you to think about them as architectural objects. What they are are just pure lines. They're no longer people. Just pure lines. I'm going to work with them almost as objects to think with, yeah? What I'm thinking about is taking a few physical extensions from the body as I move, and I move them. I do that by suggesting things to them: If, then; if, then. Okay, so here we go. Just grab this arm. Can you place that down into the floor? Yeah, down to the floor. Can you go underneath? Yeah. Cat, can you put leg over that side? Yeah. Can you rotate? Whoom. Just go back to the beginning. Here we go. Ready? And bam, bake. Great. Okay. From there, you're both getting up. You're both getting up. Here we go. Good. Now? Them. So from there, from there, we're both getting up. We're both getting up. Going in this direction. Going underneath. Whoa, whoa, underneath. Whoa, underneath, whoo-um. Yeah? Underneath. Jump. Underneath. Jump. Paolo, kick. Don't care where. Kick. Kick, replace, change a leg. Kick, replace, change the leg. Yeah? Okay? Cat, almost get his head. Almost get his head. Whoaa. Just after it, maybe. Whoaa, whaaay, ooh. Grab her waist. Come up back into her first. Whoom. Spin. Turn her. Whoo-aa. Great. Okay, let's have a little go from the beginning of that. Just, let me slow down here. Fancy having eight. Fancy having eight hours with me in a day. So maybe too much. So here we go. Ready. Nice, good job. Yeah? Okay. Okay, not bad. A little bit more? Yeah. Just a little bit more. Here we go from that place. Separate. Face the front. Separate. Face the front. Imagine that there's a circle in front of you, yeah? Avoid it. Avoid it. Whoom. Kick it out of the way. Kick it out of the way. Throw it into the audience. Whoom. Throw it into the audience again. We've got mental architecture. We're sharing it. Therefore solving a problem.
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long_en_61
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The Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (BPEA) is a semi-annual academic conference and journal that pairs rigorous research with real-time policy analysis to address the most urgent economic challenges of the day. Working drafts of the papers are presented and discussed at conferences typically held twice each year, and the final versions of the papers and comments along with summaries of the general discussions are published in the journal several months later. America's Rural Future is a bipartisan endeavor with a shared mission to enable rural prosperity in the 21st century by strengthening economic opportunity, resilience, and quality of life across rural America’s many regions and realities. For over two decades, the Center for Universal Education (CUE) has been at the forefront of global policy research focused on inclusive education and skills development. The Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings encourages the development, discussion and dissemination of high-caliber energy and climate research. Data has the power to define and redefine narratives, especially for marginalized communities. This project illustrates how to empower local communities with access to open and transparent public data. Building strong family, school, and community partnerships that support student learning and development and thriving schools and communities. Working toward more gender equal outcomes through collaborative and participatory approaches to education research, policy, and practice. The Global China Project focuses on advancing recommendations for how the United States should respond to China’s actions that implicate key American interests and values. Brookings Metro is helping state and local leaders make the most of generational federal investments to build inclusive regional economies, advance competitiveness and inclusion through infrastructure, and accelerate equitable climate action. The Initiative on Nonstate Armed Actors analyzes the behavior of international nonstate armed actors to inform and prepare policymakers to address emerging and persistent threats. The John Hazen White Global Manufacturing Initiative seeks to address some of the most pressing challenges facing the manufacturing industry, including those related to energy costs, regulation, standard-setting processes, and workforce development. A global network reimagining education systems for all children and young people around the world. The Learning and Action Alliance for Girls’ Agency (LAAGA) envisions a world that values the knowledge and dignity of girls and young women, listens to their voices, and supports them in taking action to shape their own lives and those of their communities. Grounded in rigorous evidence and field work, the LTRC Initiative is a global initiative from The Brookings Institution and Results for Development aiming to craft and disseminate effective practices for reducing corruption along the natural resource value chain. The Local Leadership on the Sustainable Development Goals project explores the bottom-up approach cities and communities are taking to drive local progress that contributes to global change. The Millions Learning project at the Center for Universal Education focuses on scaling quality education innovations and initiatives for all children and youth. Working so education systems globally provide a breadth of skills and learning opportunities that support all children and young people to thrive and reach their full potential. Brookings Metro is bringing together government, business, civic, and community leaders, as well as policy advocates and technical experts, to find the most effective and equitable ways cities and regions can rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions while helping our communities become more resilient to the impacts of a changing climate.
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The Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (BPEA) is a semi-annual academic conference and journal that pairs rigorous research with real-time policy analysis to address the most urgent economic challenges of the day. Working drafts of the papers are presented and discussed at conferences typically held twice each year, and the final versions of the papers and comments along with summaries of the general discussions are published in the journal several months later. America's Rural Future is a bipartisan endeavor with a shared mission to enable rural prosperity in the twenty-first century by strengthening economic opportunity, resilience, and quality of life across rural America’s many regions and realities. For over two decades, the Center for Universal Education (CUE) has been at the forefront of global policy research focused on inclusive education and skills development. The Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings encourages the development, discussion and dissemination of high-caliber energy and climate research. Data has the power to define and redefine narratives, especially for marginalized communities. This project illustrates how to empower local communities with access to open and transparent public data. Building strong family, school, and community partnerships that support student learning and development and thriving schools and communities. Working toward more gender equal outcomes through collaborative and participatory approaches to education research, policy, and practice. The Global China Project focuses on advancing recommendations for how the United States should respond to China’s actions that implicate key American interests and values. Brookings Metro is helping state and local leaders make the most of generational federal investments to build inclusive regional economies, advance competitiveness and inclusion through infrastructure, and accelerate equitable climate action. The Initiative on Nonstate Armed Actors analyzes the behavior of international nonstate armed actors to inform and prepare policymakers to address emerging and persistent threats. The John Hazen White Global Manufacturing Initiative seeks to address some of the most pressing challenges facing the manufacturing industry, including those related to energy costs, regulation, standard-setting processes, and workforce development. A global network reimagining education systems for all children and young people around the world. The Learning and Action Alliance for Girls’ Agency (LAAGA) envisions a world that values the knowledge and dignity of girls and young women, listens to their voices, and supports them in taking action to shape their own lives and those of their communities. Grounded in rigorous evidence and field work, the LTRC Initiative is a global initiative from The Brookings Institution and Results for Development aiming to craft and disseminate effective practices for reducing corruption along the natural resource value chain. The Local Leadership on the Sustainable Development Goals project explores the bottom-up approach cities and communities are taking to drive local progress that contributes to global change. The Millions Learning project at the Center for Universal Education focuses on scaling quality education innovations and initiatives for all children and youth. Working so education systems globally provide a breadth of skills and learning opportunities that support all children and young people to thrive and reach their full potential. Brookings Metro is bringing together government, business, civic, and community leaders, as well as policy advocates and technical experts, to find the most effective and equitable ways cities and regions can rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions while helping our communities become more resilient to the impacts of a changing climate.
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long_en_27
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talk_en
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Let me take you on a journey, a journey. Let me take you on a journey, a journey of regenerating dirt into. Of regenerating dirt into soil. My career began in soil. My career began in 1983 when I moved on to my in-laws. 1983 when I moved on to my in-laws farming operation. I was influenc by farming operation. I was influenc by college, by land grant college, by land grant universities, by the current Farm program. Universities by the current Farm program. By years of, by years of tradition and by the large, tradition and by the large agrochemical industrial, agrochemical industrial mindset in. Mindset in 1993 immediately after, uh, my wife and I. 1993 immediately after, uh, my wife and I purchased the ranch. I started down a purchased the ranch. I started down a path of noil. I bought my first noil path of noil. I bought my first noil drill, sold all illage equipment. I was drill sold all illage equipment. I was committed. 199 four came along. We had committed. 199 four came along. We had switched to 100% no tail. We had a pretty switched to 100% no tail. We had a pretty good crop and I thought, boy, this is easy. Good crop and I thought, boy, this is easy. Well, 1995 came along the day before I. Well, 1995 came along the day before I was going to start combining 12200 Acres. Was going to start combining 12200 Acres of spring wheat. We lost our entire crop of spring wheat. We lost our entire crop in a hail storm that was pretty. In a hail storm that was pretty devastating for a young family starting. Devastating for a young family starting out. We weren't able to pay the bank back out. We weren't able to pay the bank back the operating loan. 1996 came along. I the operating loan 1996 came along. I started to diversify the rotation a started to diversify the rotation a little bit. Lo and behold we lost 100% of little bit.
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Let me take you on a journey, a journey. Let me take you on a journey, a journey of regenerating dirt into. Of regenerating dirt into soil. My career began in soil. My career began in nineteen eighty three when I moved on to my in-laws. nineteen eighty three when I moved on to my in-laws farming operation. I was influenc by farming operation. I was influenc by college, by land grant college, by land grant universities, by the current Farm program. Universities by the current Farm program. By years of, by years of tradition and by the large, tradition and by the large agrochemical industrial, agrochemical industrial mindset in. Mindset in nineteen ninety three immediately after, uh, my wife and I. nineteen ninety three immediately after, uh, my wife and I purchased the ranch. I started down a purchased the ranch. I started down a path of noil. I bought my first noil path of noil. I bought my first noil drill, sold all illage equipment. I was drill sold all illage equipment. I was committed. one hundred ninety nine four came along. We had committed. one hundred ninety nine four came along. We had switched to one hundred percent no tail. We had a pretty switched to one hundred percent no tail. We had a pretty good crop and I thought, boy, this is easy. Good crop and I thought, boy, this is easy. Well, nineteen ninety five came along the day before I. Well, nineteen ninety five came along the day before I was going to start combining twelve thousand two hundred Acres. Was going to start combining twelve thousand two hundred Acres of spring wheat. We lost our entire crop of spring wheat. We lost our entire crop in a hail storm that was pretty. In a hail storm that was pretty devastating for a young family starting. Devastating for a young family starting out. We weren't able to pay the bank back out. We weren't able to pay the bank back the operating loan. one thousand nine hundred ninety six came along. I the operating loan one thousand nine hundred ninety six came along. I started to diversify the rotation a started to diversify the rotation a little bit. Lo and behold we lost one hundred percent of little bit.
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long_en_76
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The second perspective regards the use of the NSFR as a stand-alone macro-prudential tool, together with its potential trigger mechanism and its use in the current low yield environment. The securitisation market seized up with the onset of the financial crisis and has remained severely impaired since then. Many factors are deemed to be causing this stagnation, including poor investor sentiment, unfavourable transaction economics, a poor macroeconomic environment and regulatory concerns. The forthcoming Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) will introduce a bail-in tool in all Member States by 1 January 2016 at the latest. The bail-in tool will enable resolution authorities to write down or convert into equity the claims of a broad range of creditors in resolution. This tool will be essential to achieve orderly resolution without exposing taxpayers to losses, while ensuring continuity of critical functions to avoid a serious disturbance in the financial system and the economy as a whole. As part of the phase-in of Basel III risk-weighted capital and leverage requirements, there is a potential for growth in the use of hybrid debt instruments.
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The second perspective regards the use of the NSFR as a stand-alone macro-prudential tool, together with its potential trigger mechanism and its use in the current low yield environment. The securitisation market seized up with the onset of the financial crisis and has remained severely impaired since then. Many factors are deemed to be causing this stagnation, including poor investor sentiment, unfavourable transaction economics, a poor macroeconomic environment and regulatory concerns. The forthcoming Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) will introduce a bail-in tool in all Member States by one January two thousand sixteen at the latest. The bail-in tool will enable resolution authorities to write down or convert into equity the claims of a broad range of creditors in resolution. This tool will be essential to achieve orderly resolution without exposing taxpayers to losses, while ensuring continuity of critical functions to avoid a serious disturbance in the financial system and the economy as a whole. As part of the phase-in of Basel III risk-weighted capital and leverage requirements, there is a potential for growth in the use of hybrid debt instruments.
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long_en_24
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What can we learn from children? They're fiercely loyal to their friends, fast to defend, quick to apologize and swift to forgive. But as a past kindergarten teacher -- always a kindergarten teacher at heart -- I want to share with you a surprising lesson I learned from them. I love human behaviors -- how we act differently in different. And these cute five-year-olds and the perfect height and almost a competitive were so interesting. My first class was called a Mars class. I had 10 students, and each were so full of character. But there was this one kid. Let's call him Sam. Sam behaved like he forgot. He was so independent. Not only did he know but he knew how to tie. He also never took home a dirty thermos, because he would clean it after his lunch. And if something happened he would do so very quietly. He didn't ask for help much himself, but he was the one help on things like, can he help them finish their kimchi? He didn't like showing and came across as "the cool kid." If you gave him a good-morning hug, he would roll his eyes and make a funny face but also stand there and wait. He was so smart and reliable that even I would forget. As a novice teacher, I spent a lot of time observing how more experienced teachers. And I noticed something very peculiar. Oftentimes when kids fall, they don't start crying immediately. They would stand up, puzzled, as if trying to make up their mind -- you know, "What just happened?" "Is this a big enough deal for me to cry? Does this hurt? What's going on?" Usually kids will be OK one that they trust. Eyes lock, and then. When I noticed this, because to me, that meant and had proven that you're capable. You were a hero to them. Weeks went by of me have kids run to them in tears, and I'd watch in jealousy. Oh, was I jealous. I mean, of course but I really wanted that. Yes, I had earned a kid's trust. Then, it finally happened. It was a beautiful day. It was during recess. The kids were playing and I was getting some things laminated -- because teachers in the teacher's room next door. Then I heard a kid yell. So I went out to peak, looked around for Sam, and there he was, looking very puzzled, as if he was trying to add double digits. Then he looked at me, our eyes locked, and then it happened. His lower lip started to tremble and his tiny eyes. Then he burst out in tears and it was glorious. I'll never forget that moment. He let me give him a big hug and it turns out that yes, so there was no one. We checked to make sure and he overcame. It was in that moment, oddly -- it didn't feel like. But rather he was giving me this gift, this opportunity to help him. And it's something very weird. With his vulnerability in coming to me for help you would think that gives me the power, but in that moment, no, it was quite the opposite, and the power shifted even more so to him. Being asked for help is a privilege: a gift for you to do especially when it's coming. With everything I learned or in "teaching" kindergarten, I went to conquer other things in life. Fast-forward nine years, and I landed in an association in a role that works. Working with volunteers but there are some things like how to set boundaries.
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What can we learn from children? They're fiercely loyal to their friends, fast to defend, quick to apologize and swift to forgive. But as a past kindergarten teacher -- always a kindergarten teacher at heart -- I want to share with you a surprising lesson I learned from them. I love human behaviors -- how we act differently in different. And these cute five-year-olds and the perfect height and almost a competitive were so interesting. My first class was called a Mars class. I had ten students, and each were so full of character. But there was this one kid. Let's call him Sam. Sam behaved like he forgot. He was so independent. Not only did he know but he knew how to tie. He also never took home a dirty thermos, because he would clean it after his lunch. And if something happened he would do so very quietly. He didn't ask for help much himself, but he was the one help on things like, can he help them finish their kimchi? He didn't like showing and came across as "the cool kid." If you gave him a good-morning hug, he would roll his eyes and make a funny face but also stand there and wait. He was so smart and reliable that even I would forget. As a novice teacher, I spent a lot of time observing how more experienced teachers. And I noticed something very peculiar. Oftentimes when kids fall, they don't start crying immediately. They would stand up, puzzled, as if trying to make up their mind -- you know, "What just happened?" "Is this a big enough deal for me to cry? Does this hurt? What's going on?" Usually kids will be OK one that they trust. Eyes lock, and then. When I noticed this, because to me, that meant and had proven that you're capable. You were a hero to them. Weeks went by of me have kids run to them in tears, and I'd watch in jealousy. Oh, was I jealous. I mean, of course but I really wanted that. Yes, I had earned a kid's trust. Then, it finally happened. It was a beautiful day. It was during recess. The kids were playing and I was getting some things laminated -- because teachers in the teacher's room next door. Then I heard a kid yell. So I went out to peak, looked around for Sam, and there he was, looking very puzzled, as if he was trying to add double digits. Then he looked at me, our eyes locked, and then it happened. His lower lip started to tremble and his tiny eyes. Then he burst out in tears and it was glorious. I'll never forget that moment. He let me give him a big hug and it turns out that yes, so there was no one. We checked to make sure and he overcame. It was in that moment, oddly -- it didn't feel like. But rather he was giving me this gift, this opportunity to help him. And it's something very weird. With his vulnerability in coming to me for help you would think that gives me the power, but in that moment, no, it was quite the opposite, and the power shifted even more so to him. Being asked for help is a privilege: a gift for you to do especially when it's coming. With everything I learned or in "teaching" kindergarten, I went to conquer other things in life. Fast-forward nine years, and I landed in an association in a role that works. Working with volunteers but there are some things like how to set boundaries.
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| 746 |
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Isn’t learning fun? I absolutely love it. For the past 15 years, I have been. And I've been a coach for the last five. The people that I usually work with and I really love working with these folks because, like them, and I've been to school three times. But I still remember I almost quit, the first semester. By midterm, I was collapsed in my prof's office, in the corner, in the midst of an existential crisis. Things were going horribly. The seminars that I so diligently. Every time we were asked for our responses, everyone else's responses. Mine, by comparison, seemed so basic. And then, I got my first paper back ... and I'd bombed it. Yep. So there I was, in tears, convinced that I was the dumbest. And honestly, I got to tell you. But I had actually staked a lot. I had actually quit my best job to date to pursue my dream. So I wanted my prof’s advice. She handed me some tissues, and instead of agreeing she told me to stick it out. And she said that apparently. Now, I was pretty skeptical, because all the evidence. But figuring she knew I held on. By the end of term, she was right. My grades began to improve, and I learned that my fellow students. Needless to say, this experience. And it has informed how I teach and coach. I've been where my prof was and said the same things. I've also learned a lot since then about the relationship. Nowadays, the mid-career for help with their academic success come to me because they think. And sure, they could use. But for many, that's that's getting in the way. The real issue lies in how they think and what they believe to be true. Now, this might seem like a bold claim. Why aren't skills the real issue? Most of us are very capable learners. The people I work with and experts in their field. They wouldn't be where they are if they didn't know. When I went back, I had been writing in a professional context. My challenge was up-leveling my analytical. Once I was oriented to that gap, My grades began to improve. I see the same thing. Bridging the skill gap. It's the confidence gap. But it needs addressing, because that is what is getting in the way in learning situations. So what's going on? What is happening? Why is it so hard? Based on my experience, adults in learning situations. The first one is that we struggle. For many of us who go back, It's not only been years, maybe decades. We've spent a hot minute or two. All of a sudden, we find ourselves and figure out study habits, and this whole academic writing thing. And then, we have to read critically. It's a lot. And then add to this, we often bring with us that we've been carrying about who we are as learners. In the past, if we thought we've already got bags of doubts and we judge ourselves harshly. Now if you’re thinking, no, no. We struggle because we can and then judge ourselves. And it's difficult. The second challenge that we face is that we spend a lot of time. Now, this is a really human thing to do, and it's a very easy pit to fall into. Because, let's face it, we want to know that we can at least keep up with. But when we compare ourselves it can be paralyzing, because we can fall into thinking. This is especially true when people. We can go from feeling accomplished to feeling behind and confused, in a matter of minutes. And the third challenge that we face is that we have a strong fear of failing. Now, for most of the folks who go back. We're juggling a job and family. Plus, we want to do well, because we're usually there or hit a career goal in some way, to say nothing of the time. So being afraid of failing, well. But it is an obstacle to getting. So those are the challenges. There is good news, though. These can be overcome when we are in learning situations. The first shift is that we really need that our brain is telling us.
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Isn’t learning fun? I absolutely love it. For the past fifteen years, I have been. And I've been a coach for the last five. The people that I usually work with and I really love working with these folks because, like them, and I've been to school three times. But I still remember I almost quit, the first semester. By midterm, I was collapsed in my prof's office, in the corner, in the midst of an existential crisis. Things were going horribly. The seminars that I so diligently. Every time we were asked for our responses, everyone else's responses. Mine, by comparison, seemed so basic. And then, I got my first paper back ... and I'd bombed it. Yep. So there I was, in tears, convinced that I was the dumbest. And honestly, I got to tell you. But I had actually staked a lot. I had actually quit my best job to date to pursue my dream. So I wanted my prof’s advice. She handed me some tissues, and instead of agreeing she told me to stick it out. And she said that apparently. Now, I was pretty skeptical, because all the evidence. But figuring she knew I held on. By the end of term, she was right. My grades began to improve, and I learned that my fellow students. Needless to say, this experience. And it has informed how I teach and coach. I've been where my prof was and said the same things. I've also learned a lot since then about the relationship. Nowadays, the mid-career for help with their academic success come to me because they think. And sure, they could use. But for many, that's that's getting in the way. The real issue lies in how they think and what they believe to be true. Now, this might seem like a bold claim. Why aren't skills the real issue? Most of us are very capable learners. The people I work with and experts in their field. They wouldn't be where they are if they didn't know. When I went back, I had been writing in a professional context. My challenge was up-leveling my analytical. Once I was oriented to that gap, My grades began to improve. I see the same thing. Bridging the skill gap. It's the confidence gap. But it needs addressing, because that is what is getting in the way in learning situations. So what's going on? What is happening? Why is it so hard? Based on my experience, adults in learning situations. The first one is that we struggle. For many of us who go back, It's not only been years, maybe decades. We've spent a hot minute or two. All of a sudden, we find ourselves and figure out study habits, and this whole academic writing thing. And then, we have to read critically. It's a lot. And then add to this, we often bring with us that we've been carrying about who we are as learners. In the past, if we thought we've already got bags of doubts and we judge ourselves harshly. Now if you’re thinking, no, no. We struggle because we can and then judge ourselves. And it's difficult. The second challenge that we face is that we spend a lot of time. Now, this is a really human thing to do, and it's a very easy pit to fall into. Because, let's face it, we want to know that we can at least keep up with. But when we compare ourselves it can be paralyzing, because we can fall into thinking. This is especially true when people. We can go from feeling accomplished to feeling behind and confused, in a matter of minutes. And the third challenge that we face is that we have a strong fear of failing. Now, for most of the folks who go back. We're juggling a job and family. Plus, we want to do well, because we're usually there or hit a career goal in some way, to say nothing of the time. So being afraid of failing, well. But it is an obstacle to getting. So those are the challenges. There is good news, though. These can be overcome when we are in learning situations. The first shift is that we really need that our brain is telling us.
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long_en_52
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| 857 |
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But I wasn't born into hate; in fact, it was quite the opposite. I had a relatively normal childhood. My parents are Italian immigrants who came to the United States and settled on the South Side of Chicago, where they eventually met, and opened a small beauty shop. Right after I was born. They struggled to survive with raising often working seven days a week, 14 hours a day, taking on second and third jobs. And quality time with my parents. Even though I knew growing up, I felt abandoned. I was lonely, and I started to withdraw. And then I started to resent my parents. And as I was growing up, I started to act out to try and get. And one day, when I was 14, I was standing in an alley, and a man who was twice my age, came up to me, and he snatched the joint from my lips. Then he put his hand on my shoulder and he said, "That's what the communists to keep you docile." I was 14 years old. I'd been trading baseball cards. I didn't really know what a Jew was. It's true. And the only communist that I knew in my favorite Rocky movie. And since I'm here I can reveal that I did not even know. Dead serious. But it was as if this man in this alley. For 14 years, I'd felt I had low self-esteem. And frankly, I didn't know or what my purpose was. I was lost. And overnight, because this man and I had grabbed onto that lifeline I had gone from "Joanie Loves Chachi" to full-blown Nazi. Overnight. I started to listen to the rhetoric and believe it. I started to watch very closely would target vulnerable young people and then draw them in that were broken. And then I started to recruit myself. I started to do that by making. And soon, I became the leader that was led by that man in that alley who recruited me that day, who was America's first neo-Nazi skinhead. For the next eight years, I believed the lies that I had been fed. And though I saw I didn't hesitate to blame for what I thought was a white, being promoted by them. I blamed people of color for the crime and violence completely neglecting the fact on a daily basis, and that in many cases, it was white supremacists into the inner cities. And I blamed immigrants for taking jobs from white Americans, completely neglecting the fact that who struggled to survive, despite not getting help. For the next eight years, I saw friends die. I saw others go to prison on countless victims. I heard horrific stories who'd been brutally raped by the very men and I myself committed acts solely for the color of their skin, who they loved, or the god that they prayed to. I stockpiled weapons for what I thought I went to six high schools; I was kicked out of four of them, one of them, twice. And 25 years ago, I wrote that found its way and partially inspired to walk into a sacred Charleston, and senselessly massacre. But then my life changed. At 19 years old, I met a girl who didn't have a racist bone in her body, and I fell in love with her. And at 19, we got married, and we had our first son. And when I held my son in my arms not only did I reconnect at 14 years old, but it also began to challenge the very important things that drew identity, community and purpose -- things that I had been. And now, I struggled with the concept. Was I this neo-Nazi hatemonger, or was I a caring father and husband? Was my community the one to boost my own ego, because I felt self-hatred for myself or was it the one? Was my purpose to scorch the earth or was it to make it? And suddenly, like a ton of bricks hit me, I became very confused with. And if only I'd been brave enough to understand what the struggle was then maybe tragedy. Instead, I did compromise. I took myself off the streets because I was nervous that maybe and they would have to fend. So I stepped back as a leader, and instead I opened a record store that I was going to sell because I was importing it in from Europe. But I knew that if I was just the community would not. So I decided I was going to also like punk rock and heavy metal and hip-hop. And while the white-power music was 75 percent of my gross revenue, because people were driving in from the only store that was selling it, I also had customers come in. And eventually, they started. One day, a young black teen came in, and he was visibly upset. And I decided to ask him what was wrong. And he told me that his mother.
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But I wasn't born into hate; in fact, it was quite the opposite. I had a relatively normal childhood. My parents are Italian immigrants who came to the United States and settled on the South Side of Chicago, where they eventually met, and opened a small beauty shop. Right after I was born. They struggled to survive with raising often working seven days a week, fourteen hours a day, taking on second and third jobs. And quality time with my parents. Even though I knew growing up, I felt abandoned. I was lonely, and I started to withdraw. And then I started to resent my parents. And as I was growing up, I started to act out to try and get. And one day, when I was fourteen, I was standing in an alley, and a man who was twice my age, came up to me, and he snatched the joint from my lips. Then he put his hand on my shoulder and he said, "That's what the communists to keep you docile." I was fourteen years old. I'd been trading baseball cards. I didn't really know what a Jew was. It's true. And the only communist that I knew in my favorite Rocky movie. And since I'm here I can reveal that I did not even know. Dead serious. But it was as if this man in this alley. For fourteen years, I'd felt I had low self-esteem. And frankly, I didn't know or what my purpose was. I was lost. And overnight, because this man and I had grabbed onto that lifeline I had gone from "Joanie Loves Chachi" to full-blown Nazi. Overnight. I started to listen to the rhetoric and believe it. I started to watch very closely would target vulnerable young people and then draw them in that were broken. And then I started to recruit myself. I started to do that by making. And soon, I became the leader that was led by that man in that alley who recruited me that day, who was America's first neo-Nazi skinhead. For the next eight years, I believed the lies that I had been fed. And though I saw I didn't hesitate to blame for what I thought was a white, being promoted by them. I blamed people of color for the crime and violence completely neglecting the fact on a daily basis, and that in many cases, it was white supremacists into the inner cities. And I blamed immigrants for taking jobs from white Americans, completely neglecting the fact that who struggled to survive, despite not getting help. For the next eight years, I saw friends die. I saw others go to prison on countless victims. I heard horrific stories who'd been brutally raped by the very men and I myself committed acts solely for the color of their skin, who they loved, or the god that they prayed to. I stockpiled weapons for what I thought I went to six high schools; i was kicked out of four of them, one of them, twice. And twenty-five years ago, I wrote that found its way and partially inspired to walk into a sacred Charleston, and senselessly massacre. But then my life changed. At nineteen years old, I met a girl who didn't have a racist bone in her body, and I fell in love with her. And at nineteen, we got married, and we had our first son. And when I held my son in my arms not only did I reconnect at fourteen years old, but it also began to challenge the very important things that drew identity, community and purpose -- things that I had been. And now, I struggled with the concept. Was I this neo-Nazi hatemonger, or was I a caring father and husband? Was my community the one to boost my own ego, because I felt self-hatred for myself or was it the one? Was my purpose to scorch the earth or was it to make it? And suddenly, like a ton of bricks hit me, I became very confused with. And if only I'd been brave enough to understand what the struggle was then maybe tragedy. Instead, I did compromise. I took myself off the streets because I was nervous that maybe and they would have to fend. So I stepped back as a leader, and instead I opened a record store that I was going to sell because I was importing it in from Europe. But I knew that if I was just the community would not. So I decided I was going to also like punk rock and heavy metal and hip-hop. And while the white-power music was seventy-five percent of my gross revenue, because people were driving in from the only store that was selling it, I also had customers come in. And eventually, they started. One day, a young black teen came in, and he was visibly upset. And I decided to ask him what was wrong. And he told me that his mother.
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long_en_90
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| 171 |
en
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Systems that can generalize, learn from experience, and adapt to new circumstances have the potential to reach higher levels of performance than systems that must be modified manually to deal with situations their designers did not anticipate. Virtually all high-impact application systems can be more powerful if they can learn from experience. For example, information assistants that can learn will be able to tailor their information-retrieval process to a user’s needs without having to be told exactly what to do; they will instead generalize from previous interactions with the user. Learning skills will enable an intelligent coach system to deal with new types of problems, for example, drawing on its experience in the design of one type of automobile and applying it to the design of another. Networks of robots and computer-based agents in simulated worlds can avoid future coordination problems by learning from their experience in interacting with other robots. Basic research has steadily advanced the fundamental technology of machine learning for more than two decades.
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Systems that can generalize, learn from experience, and adapt to new circumstances have the potential to reach higher levels of performance than systems that must be modified manually to deal with situations their designers did not anticipate. Virtually all high-impact application systems can be more powerful if they can learn from experience. For example, information assistants that can learn will be able to tailor their information-retrieval process to a user’s needs without having to be told exactly what to do; they will instead generalize from previous interactions with the user. Learning skills will enable an intelligent coach system to deal with new types of problems, for example, drawing on its experience in the design of one type of automobile and applying it to the design of another. Networks of robots and computer-based agents in simulated worlds can avoid future coordination problems by learning from their experience in interacting with other robots. Basic research has steadily advanced the fundamental technology of machine learning for more than two decades.
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long_en_84
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| 158 |
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There is a broad consensus that macro stress tests are a useful tool for making such assessments and, accordingly, the authorities in almost all euro area and non-euro area EU Member States in central and eastern Europe have carried out such exercises in the course of 2009. The nature of the stress tests conducted differed across countries, reflecting variations in business cycle developments, as well as differences in specific sources of risk and vulnerability. Nevertheless, the exercises in many countries assessed the sensitivity of non-performing loan rates and capital adequacy ratios to a worsening of economic conditions that was more severe than projected. This box, which draws upon findings published by the national central banks of the EU Member States in this region, summarises the key conclusions of these exercises. Strains in the residential mortgage market in the United States are generally perceived as one of the main triggers of the ongoing financial and economic crisis.
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There is a broad consensus that macro stress tests are a useful tool for making such assessments and, accordingly, the authorities in almost all euro area and non-euro area EU Member States in central and eastern Europe have carried out such exercises in the course of two thousand nine. The nature of the stress tests conducted differed across countries, reflecting variations in business cycle developments, as well as differences in specific sources of risk and vulnerability. Nevertheless, the exercises in many countries assessed the sensitivity of non-performing loan rates and capital adequacy ratios to a worsening of economic conditions that was more severe than projected. This box, which draws upon findings published by the national central banks of the EU Member States in this region, summarises the key conclusions of these exercises. Strains in the residential mortgage market in the United States are generally perceived as one of the main triggers of the ongoing financial and economic crisis.
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long_en_4
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| 754 |
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Well, at the farm, cash is king. It's a business. I'm a farmer myself. I raise cattle, grow corn, I bale hay. But I'm also a banker. And I've financed farmers. I actually had the honor of large and small farmers. Not many farmers there. Well, one thing I can assure you. Profits are very small. You are dependent on the weather, and you don't know. You grow a crop, you don't know the price, you don't know the quantity. So there's no much room for error there. And yet, farming needs to change, if we want to reach the goals of Paris. More than 20 percent actually are emitted by agriculture. This includes deforestation, and let's be sure. Chemical fertilizers, diesel of your tractor. But global farming is also using. Think about it, how much. It's also a major contributor. Add that all together ... quite impactful. However, it's also a big part. Scientists estimate that farmers by means of growing trees. The impact is estimated. Quite something. So if that's the case, why are farmers not rushing? The reality is quite different. First of all, biological. At least five to 10 years to start changing the quality. It takes time to change. Also, biological. They depend on the weather, they depend on fire, rain, drought. Also, we actually have not fully tested all climate-smart agricultural techniques. Some of them have not. Then, you have the cost. When you change, you need more labor, you need more new machines, you need training. So then, you have the consumer. The consumer today is not willing or able. So if you put all this together, effort and money to transition. There is no viable. It costs the farmer more. Meanwhile, at the other side, who didn't change his ways of farming, is enjoying a nice cash flow. I call this the Valley of Death. This transformation is long, and is the best way, actually. As one farmer once said to me, "The best way of guaranteeing my farm is to pay my bills tomorrow." Why should I risk the farm? Would you risk the farm in the transition? Would you risk the farm? Who would risk the farm in the transition? Let's help the farmer, then. Actually, I'm a true believer. I'm a true believer that we should pay the farmer for their investments. We do have the instruments already, that are the carbon. But why are they not scaling? First, we actually or accounting rules. It even goes further. We actually don't know who really owns those carbon. Is it the government? Is it the farmer, or is it the one? We don't know about the price. We don't have a price transparency. It's actually a big Wild West out there. If you want to sell corn, you can get the price immediately. If you want to sell a tonne you actually don't know. You really don't know. And then, we have the discussion. What is that? Carbon and biodiversity are very variable, and they're dependent on weather and fire, so the farmer needs to be protected. We need a good insurance scheme. And last, the government. Governments, please set for us to be able to use those credits. And, very important, Farmers are great stewards of the land, good entrepreneurs, smart operators and want the right conditions to be set. I'm absolutely sure. How do I know that? While I was at Rabobank, I participated in many to support farmers to transition. Some of them failed, some of them were very successful, but all the good ones, involved some form. Let me share with you one I'm pretty proud about, and that's Project Acorn. Acorn was designed to pay for eco services to smallholder farmers. What we have done there is that we used satellite imaging and very simple pictures taken cross that data and calculate. With this calculation, to the international market, through an auction system, and we just sold them. We have been able to obtain. It doesn’t look [like] much, it's quite substantial. Acorn today reaches and has issued 300,000 tonnes of carbon, and is still growing. I think it's an amazing project, and if we could scale this up, customize it to the needs. I think we could accelerate change. But let's be realistic. This is not easy.
|
Well, at the farm, cash is king. It's a business. I'm a farmer myself. I raise cattle, grow corn, I bale hay. But I'm also a banker. And I've financed farmers. I actually had the honor of large and small farmers. Not many farmers there. Well, one thing I can assure you. Profits are very small. You are dependent on the weather, and you don't know. You grow a crop, you don't know the price, you don't know the quantity. So there's no much room for error there. And yet, farming needs to change, if we want to reach the goals of Paris. More than twenty percent actually are emitted by agriculture. This includes deforestation, and let's be sure. Chemical fertilizers, diesel of your tractor. But global farming is also using. Think about it, how much. It's also a major contributor. Add that all together ... quite impactful. However, it's also a big part. Scientists estimate that farmers by means of growing trees. The impact is estimated. Quite something. So if that's the case, why are farmers not rushing? The reality is quite different. First of all, biological. At least five to ten years to start changing the quality. It takes time to change. Also, biological. They depend on the weather, they depend on fire, rain, drought. Also, we actually have not fully tested all climate-smart agricultural techniques. Some of them have not. Then, you have the cost. When you change, you need more labor, you need more new machines, you need training. So then, you have the consumer. The consumer today is not willing or able. So if you put all this together, effort and money to transition. There is no viable. It costs the farmer more. Meanwhile, at the other side, who didn't change his ways of farming, is enjoying a nice cash flow. I call this the Valley of Death. This transformation is long, and is the best way, actually. As one farmer once said to me, "The best way of guaranteeing my farm is to pay my bills tomorrow." Why should I risk the farm? Would you risk the farm in the transition? Would you risk the farm? Who would risk the farm in the transition? Let's help the farmer, then. Actually, I'm a true believer. I'm a true believer that we should pay the farmer for their investments. We do have the instruments already, that are the carbon. But why are they not scaling? First, we actually or accounting rules. It even goes further. We actually don't know who really owns those carbon. Is it the government? Is it the farmer, or is it the one? We don't know about the price. We don't have a price transparency. It's actually a big Wild West out there. If you want to sell corn, you can get the price immediately. If you want to sell a tonne you actually don't know. You really don't know. And then, we have the discussion. What is that? Carbon and biodiversity are very variable, and they're dependent on weather and fire, so the farmer needs to be protected. We need a good insurance scheme. And last, the government. Governments, please set for us to be able to use those credits. And, very important, Farmers are great stewards of the land, good entrepreneurs, smart operators and want the right conditions to be set. I'm absolutely sure. How do I know that? While I was at Rabobank, I participated in many to support farmers to transition. Some of them failed, some of them were very successful, but all the good ones, involved some form. Let me share with you one I'm pretty proud about, and that's Project Acorn. Acorn was designed to pay for eco services to smallholder farmers. What we have done there is that we used satellite imaging and very simple pictures taken cross that data and calculate. With this calculation, to the international market, through an auction system, and we just sold them. We have been able to obtain. It doesn’t look [like] much, it's quite substantial. Acorn today reaches and has issued three hundred thousand tonnes of carbon, and is still growing. I think it's an amazing project, and if we could scale this up, customize it to the needs. I think we could accelerate change. But let's be realistic. This is not easy.
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long_en_69
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| 307 |
en
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As the structures of financial instruments have become increasingly complex, market participants need instruments which allow them to trade volatility in order to hedge structured transactions or to take purely directional views on volatility. While "plain vanilla" options contracts on underlying assets provide exposure to the volatility of the underlying asset, they are impure for hedging or taking positions on volatility because they simultaneously provide exposure to the direction of the underlying asset. Although hedging options according to the BlackScholes prescription can remove the exposure to the underlying asset, so-called delta hedging is at best inaccurate because many of the Black-Scholes assumptions are violated in practice. For instance, volatility cannot be accurately estimated, financial assets cannot be traded continuously, transaction costs cannot be ignored, markets sometimes move discontinuously, and liquidity is often a problem. A feature of credit derivatives markets over recent years has been constant product innovation. Several recent products have evolved out of a risk management technique pioneered in the 1960s known as CPPI, a strategy designed to leverage investments while providing a measure of downside protection. CPDOs represent one of the most recent additions in this regard, and were introduced for the first time in summer 2006. A CPDO is a fully funded credit structure that combines high leverage in the CDS market with a mechanism to place a part of an excess yield in a reserve in order to secure future payments and absorb losses. This Box describes the basics of the CPDO structure, as well as the possible impacts on credit markets and the risks associated with the structure. Market intelligence indicates that financial market participants have rarely seen liquidity in global financial market as abundant as since 2003 and that an almost insatiable appetite has existed among investors for some time for privately issued assets, especially risky credit products.
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As the structures of financial instruments have become increasingly complex, market participants need instruments which allow them to trade volatility in order to hedge structured transactions or to take purely directional views on volatility. While "plain vanilla" options contracts on underlying assets provide exposure to the volatility of the underlying asset, they are impure for hedging or taking positions on volatility because they simultaneously provide exposure to the direction of the underlying asset. Although hedging options according to the BlackScholes prescription can remove the exposure to the underlying asset, so-called delta hedging is at best inaccurate because many of the Black-Scholes assumptions are violated in practice. For instance, volatility cannot be accurately estimated, financial assets cannot be traded continuously, transaction costs cannot be ignored, markets sometimes move discontinuously, and liquidity is often a problem. A feature of credit derivatives markets over recent years has been constant product innovation. Several recent products have evolved out of a risk management technique pioneered in the nineteen sixties known as CPPI, a strategy designed to leverage investments while providing a measure of downside protection. CPDOs represent one of the most recent additions in this regard, and were introduced for the first time in summer two thousand six. A CPDO is a fully funded credit structure that combines high leverage in the CDS market with a mechanism to place a part of an excess yield in a reserve in order to secure future payments and absorb losses. This Box describes the basics of the CPDO structure, as well as the possible impacts on credit markets and the risks associated with the structure. Market intelligence indicates that financial market participants have rarely seen liquidity in global financial market as abundant as since two thousand three and that an almost insatiable appetite has existed among investors for some time for privately issued assets, especially risky credit products.
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long_en_68
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speech_en
| 296 |
en
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Over the few months following the default of Lehman Brothers, conditions in the European corporate bond market deteriorated significantly. This box, after discussing the concept and the main drivers of the bond-CDS basis, examines why this measure may be a good indicator of overall conditions in the corporate bond market. In view of the persistence of the negative basis in the investment-grade segment of the market, the box also discusses the main reasons for the failure of arbitrage and its consequences for the investors that used basis-related strategies. Since August 2007 the euro money market has experienced severe disruptions as a result of contagion from shocks in other market segments, an increased preference for liquidity and heightened counterparty credit risk concerns. However, changes in liquidity conditions have not been homogeneous across the various segments of the euro money market. This box presents a simple "barometer" which can help in the monitoring of market conditions across those segments. Following the change to a fixed rate tender procedure with full allotment as of the maintenance period beginning on 8 October 2008, aggregate liquidity provision in Eurosystem refinancing operations increased significantly, exceeding the strict needs resulting from autonomous factors and reserve requirements. The aggregate excess liquidity has been reflected in an elevated recourse to the deposit facility of the Eurosystem. This box discusses some factors that may help to explain the demand for excess liquidity by focusing on the financial stability dimension of the operational framework for monetary policy implementation in times of financial market stress. In fact, the empirical evidence suggests that, in addition to partially taking over the intermediation of liquidity shocks from the market, the Eurosystem has offered banks insurance against liquidity uncertainty and has therefore contributed actively to operational and financial stability.
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Over the few months following the default of Lehman Brothers, conditions in the European corporate bond market deteriorated significantly. This box, after discussing the concept and the main drivers of the bond CDS basis, examines why this measure may be a good indicator of overall conditions in the corporate bond market. In view of the persistence of the negative basis in the investment grade segment of the market, the box also discusses the main reasons for the failure of arbitrage and its consequences for the investors that used basis related strategies. Since August two thousand seven the euro money market has experienced severe disruptions as a result of contagion from shocks in other market segments, an increased preference for liquidity and heightened counterparty credit risk concerns. However, changes in liquidity conditions have not been homogeneous across the various segments of the euro money market. This box presents a simple "barometer" which can help in the monitoring of market conditions across those segments. Following the change to a fixed rate tender procedure with full allotment as of the maintenance period beginning on eight October two thousand eight, aggregate liquidity provision in Eurosystem refinancing operations increased significantly, exceeding the strict needs resulting from autonomous factors and reserve requirements. The aggregate excess liquidity has been reflected in an elevated recourse to the deposit facility of the Eurosystem. This box discusses some factors that may help to explain the demand for excess liquidity by focusing on the financial stability dimension of the operational framework for monetary policy implementation in times of financial market stress. In fact, the empirical evidence suggests that, in addition to partially taking over the intermediation of liquidity shocks from the market, the Eurosystem has offered banks insurance against liquidity uncertainty and has therefore contributed actively to operational and financial stability.
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long_en_54
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talk_en
| 771 |
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When I was hired, I specifically chose to work at McPherson because I understand what it's like where substance use disorder. And I wanted to use as a guide for my work. But before I get to that, I want to share what it was like to witness this epidemic. Like many other communities, We began to take notice addresses from nearby and upstate counties and then slowly out-of-state ones. People from Arkansas, coming to Philadelphia for cheap heroin. People began to linger longer, causing us to pay than to our daily responsibilities because it was an accessible place. One day our toilet clogged. We were forced to close because the culprit of the clog. For a while prior to that incident, we had been asking for a sharps and after that, the library administration along with hiring bathroom monitors. And as the weather warmed, we struggled to respond. People began camping out. You could walk outside to find multiple groups of people and children playing in between them. The amount of needles collected from 100 to 300 to 500 to 800, to over 1,000, with many found on our front steps. Then there were the overdoses. So many occurred outside in the park, some inside the library. Sterling, our guard, would spend his time and throughout the park, constantly making sure everyone was safe, because at times, our fear of having someone. One overdose in particular. So the library was full of kids. And in all of that, we heard the thud. When we opened the door, He was pulled out kids, teens, adults, families. Someone on staff called 911. Someone else escorted the kids. Somebody went to flag down. And the rest of us -- we just waited. This had become our overdose drill because at the time. So we waited and we watched seize up. He was dying. I don't know how many of you, but it's horrific. Because you know the gasping for air, the loss of color in someone's face, is a timer running down. But luckily for this man, the ambulance arrived and he received a dose. And I remember he jolted and he pulled the needle out, and he told the paramedics to back off. And then he stood up, and he walked out. And we -- we went back to work. Because people were still asking, kids still needed help with their homework, and this was our job -- our purpose. I think that incident stays with me. It made me feel helpless. And it was that feeling of helplessness. Before I was born, It made our lives chaotic and unstable: promises being made and constantly broken, their fighting, the weight of our secret kept so much. Every time we'd be dropped off I'd be stuck on the thought. Every time we'd be left in a car, I'd cry. And every time I saw those El tracks -- the same ones I take from the backseat of a car, I'd be angry, because even kids know when their parents. There was so little I could do that that feeling of helplessness. I struggled in school, struggled to read. I was prone to anger and depression. When I was 11 years old, which shortly after led to my own. I convinced myself that my parents' past. But eventually both of my parents and maintained recovery from opioid use. And their strength and their commitment provided support and stability. And it was those personal experiences Choosing to be a librarian and choosing to be at McPherson was me letting go and finding ways. And one way to provide support was learning how to administer Narcan. Public libraries respond and not knowing how to utilize Narcan was a disservice. We were on the frontlines and desperately needed. So finally in late February of 2017, after much advocating, we finally received training. And about a month of so later, I utilized Narcan for the first time. It was after school again, and Teddy came into the library and said someone was overdosing. Someone on staff called 911 again, and I grabbed the Narcan kit. The woman was barely in her 20s. Her friend was frantically in hopes of reviving her. I administered the Narcan nasally, and thankfully she came to. But before the ambulance arrived, she and her friend ran off. And when I finally turned around, I saw the kids -- kids that come into the library some that I have known for years -- standing on the steps of the building. They saw everything. And they didn't seem.
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When I was hired, I specifically chose to work at McPherson because I understand what it's like where substance use disorder. And I wanted to use as a guide for my work. But before I get to that, I want to share what it was like to witness this epidemic. Like many other communities, We began to take notice addresses from nearby and upstate counties and then slowly out-of-state ones. People from Arkansas, coming to Philadelphia for cheap heroin. People began to linger longer, causing us to pay than to our daily responsibilities because it was an accessible place. One day our toilet clogged. We were forced to close because the culprit of the clog. For a while prior to that incident, we had been asking for a sharps and after that, the library administration along with hiring bathroom monitors. And as the weather warmed, we struggled to respond. People began camping out. You could walk outside to find multiple groups of people and children playing in between them. The amount of needles collected from one hundred to three hundred to five hundred to eight hundred, to over one thousand, with many found on our front steps. Then there were the overdoses. So many occurred outside in the park, some inside the library. Sterling, our guard, would spend his time and throughout the park, constantly making sure everyone was safe, because at times, our fear of having someone. One overdose in particular. So the library was full of kids. And in all of that, we heard the thud. When we opened the door, He was pulled out kids, teens, adults, families. Someone on staff called nine hundred eleven. Someone else escorted the kids. Somebody went to flag down. And the rest of us -- we just waited. This had become our overdose drill because at the time. So we waited and we watched seize up. He was dying. I don't know how many of you, but it's horrific. Because you know the gasping for air, the loss of color in someone's face, is a timer running down. But luckily for this man, the ambulance arrived and he received a dose. And I remember he jolted and he pulled the needle out, and he told the paramedics to back off. And then he stood up, and he walked out. And we -- we went back to work. Because people were still asking, kids still needed help with their homework, and this was our job -- our purpose. I think that incident stays with me. It made me feel helpless. And it was that feeling of helplessness. Before I was born, It made our lives chaotic and unstable: promises being made and constantly broken, their fighting, the weight of our secret kept so much. Every time we'd be dropped off I'd be stuck on the thought. Every time we'd be left in a car, I'd cry. And every time I saw those El tracks -- the same ones I take from the backseat of a car, I'd be angry, because even kids know when their parents. There was so little I could do that that feeling of helplessness. I struggled in school, struggled to read. I was prone to anger and depression. When I was eleven years old, which shortly after led to my own. I convinced myself that my parents' past. But eventually both of my parents and maintained recovery from opioid use. And their strength and their commitment provided support and stability. And it was those personal experiences Choosing to be a librarian and choosing to be at McPherson was me letting go and finding ways. And one way to provide support was learning how to administer Narcan. Public libraries respond and not knowing how to utilize Narcan was a disservice. We were on the frontlines and desperately needed. So finally in late February of two thousand seventeen, after much advocating, we finally received training. And about a month of so later, I utilized Narcan for the first time. It was after school again, and Teddy came into the library and said someone was overdosing. Someone on staff called nine one one again, and I grabbed the Narcan kit. The woman was barely in her twenties. Her friend was frantically in hopes of reviving her. I administered the Narcan nasally, and thankfully she came to. But before the ambulance arrived, she and her friend ran off. And when I finally turned around, I saw the kids -- kids that come into the library some that I have known for years -- standing on the steps of the building. They saw everything. And they didn't seem.
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long_en_59
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talk_en
| 691 |
en
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There's also Grameen in Bangladesh, the Self-employed founded by activist Ela Bhatt. 100 percent-for-purpose organizations combine the best of the for-profit. They can be organizations truly devoted while still operating sustainably. They also avoid the pitfalls constantly having to beg for money or having to put shareholder no matter the cost. This is one of my favorite. So how do you make 100 percent-for-purpose? I told you this was about salad dressing. And so, just like any good salad dressing. First ingredient: make a profit. Sounds obvious. But we know many companies who never have. And listen, this is not about. But you have to remember, if your goal you want a good business and product with steady, positive cash flow. From Australia, set out to create a from the ground up. They founded an event ticketing company called Humanitix. Not because they thought. On the contrary, because people hate ticketing platforms, with high fees, bad customer service. One of these companies with the US Justice Department. Honestly, I don't know which one is worse. People thought Adam and Josh because they built without taking one dollar. But I’m happy to say that in eight years, they're profitable close to seven million dollars. Which brings me to ingredient number two. Raise money right. You can’t give away 100 percent if you give away control to investors. Yvon Chouinard, the founder of Patagonia, declared Earth to be the company's, to great fanfare. He could only do this for over 50 years. And let me be clear. This doesn’t mean you can’t raise money. By definition, you’re trying. That makes you attractive. You can also tap into sources, grants and impact investments, for example. All of this brings me reverse the governance. People often assume that as I head up I report into the food company CEO. It's actually the opposite. When Paul died in 2008, he gifted the food company. That was heavily discouraged at the time. Congress had passed a law in 1969, making it hard for foundations in for-profit businesses to close a tax loophole. Newman's Own worked with legislators to support the passing of paving the way for this. And allowing nonprofits under the right circumstances. To align with the we keep the food company with two distinct boards. Because the governance is reversed, the food company's board. We have a common brand, but the foundation's dollars and the food company can't tell us. And unlike a number we don't have an endowment. Why? First, because Paul said, He didn't say, let's hoard it first and then just sit there, giving away the 5-percent minimum. Overall, I love being endowment-free, because our donors who buy Newman’s Own products. And we give away because children who face adversity. Fourth and final ingredient. Forget the competition. They are playing by the rules. You have to trust that being is the way to win over customers. Yes, you can't give company stock options, but you can provide your employees and a real sense of purpose. And that’s what 95 percent of college. You might not have the dollars and you can't slash your prices so low if they're willing to do that. But 66 percent of customers, say they would switch to a new product. Most importantly, remember the end game. Success is about being all in for impact and showing everyone to do business and capitalism. Imagine what we could do if 10. Or 10 percent of global companies. The last thing I'll say is this. Paul used to tell the kids with cancer to go raise a little hell. And perhaps a little hell-raising to fix this absurd world where some people and just a mile away, others have to send. I invite you all to join me. Go create, convert and work with. The world cannot wait. We can and must build organizations and in doing so, we can use in service of justice. Thank you.
|
There's also Grameen in Bangladesh, the Self-employed founded by activist Ela Bhatt. one hundred percent-for-purpose organizations combine the best of the for-profit. They can be organizations truly devoted while still operating sustainably. They also avoid the pitfalls constantly having to beg for money or having to put shareholder no matter the cost. This is one of my favorite. So how do you make one hundred percent-for-purpose? I told you this was about salad dressing. And so, just like any good salad dressing. First ingredient: make a profit. Sounds obvious. But we know many companies who never have. And listen, this is not about. But you have to remember, if your goal you want a good business and product with steady, positive cash flow. From Australia, set out to create a from the ground up. They founded an event ticketing company called Humanitix. Not because they thought. On the contrary, because people hate ticketing platforms, with high fees, bad customer service. One of these companies with the US Justice Department. Honestly, I don't know which one is worse. People thought Adam and Josh because they built without taking one dollar. But I’m happy to say that in eight years, they're profitable close to seven million dollars. Which brings me to ingredient number two. Raise money right. You can’t give away one hundred percent if you give away control to investors. Yvon Chouinard, the founder of Patagonia, declared Earth to be the company's, to great fanfare. He could only do this for over fifty years. And let me be clear. This doesn’t mean you can’t raise money. By definition, you’re trying. That makes you attractive. You can also tap into sources, grants and impact investments, for example. All of this brings me reverse the governance. People often assume that as I head up I report into the food company CEO. It's actually the opposite. When Paul died in two thousand eight, he gifted the food company. That was heavily discouraged at the time. Congress had passed a law in nineteen sixty nine, making it hard for foundations in for-profit businesses to close a tax loophole. Newman's Own worked with legislators to support the passing of paving the way for this. And allowing nonprofits under the right circumstances. To align with the we keep the food company with two distinct boards. Because the governance is reversed, the food company's board. We have a common brand, but the foundation's dollars and the food company can't tell us. And unlike a number we don't have an endowment. Why? First, because Paul said, He didn't say, let's hoard it first and then just sit there, giving away the five-percent minimum. Overall, I love being endowment-free, because our donors who buy Newman’s Own products. And we give away because children who face adversity. Fourth and final ingredient. Forget the competition. They are playing by the rules. You have to trust that being is the way to win over customers. Yes, you can't give company stock options, but you can provide your employees and a real sense of purpose. And that’s what ninety-five percent of college. You might not have the dollars and you can't slash your prices so low if they're willing to do that. But sixty-six percent of customers, say they would switch to a new product. Most importantly, remember the end game. Success is about being all in for impact and showing everyone to do business and capitalism. Imagine what we could do if ten. Or ten percent of global companies. The last thing I'll say is this. Paul used to tell the kids with cancer to go raise a little hell. And perhaps a little hell-raising to fix this absurd world where some people and just a mile away, others have to send. I invite you all to join me. Go create, convert and work with. The world cannot wait. We can and must build organizations and in doing so, we can use in service of justice. Thank you.
|
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Long-TTS-Eval Dataset (MGM-Omni Benchmark)
This repository hosts the Long-TTS-Eval dataset, a benchmark released as part of the MGM-Omni project. It is designed for evaluating long-form and complex Text-to-Speech (TTS) capabilities, as well as speech and audio understanding in both English and Chinese.
- Paper: MGM-Omni: Scaling Omni LLMs to Personalized Long-Horizon Speech
- GitHub: https://github.com/dvlab-research/MGM-Omni
- Demo: https://huggingface.co/spaces/wcy1122/MGM-Omni
Dataset Description
The Long-TTS-Eval dataset is structured to facilitate comprehensive evaluation across different scenarios and languages. It includes the following splits:
long_tts_eval_en: Contains data for evaluating English long-form TTS.long_tts_eval_zh: Contains data for evaluating Chinese long-form TTS.hard_tts_eval_en: Contains data for evaluating English TTS on challenging, complex cases.hard_tts_eval_zh: Contains data for evaluating Chinese TTS on challenging, complex cases.
Each data entry in the dataset includes:
id(string): Unique identifier for the sample.category(string): The category of the text content.word_count(int64): The number of words in the text.language(string): The language of the text (eitherenfor English orzhfor Chinese).text(string): The original text content.text_norm(string): The normalized version of the text content.
Usage
Please refer here for the utilization of Long-TTS-Eval.
Evaluation Results
| Model | Date | Model Size | EN WER↓ | ZH CER↓ | EN-hard WER↓ | ZH-hard WER↓ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CosyVoice2(chunk) | 2024-12 | 0.5B | 14.80 | 5.27 | 42.48 | 32.76 |
| MOSS-TTSD-v0.5 | 2025-06 | 6B | 8.69 | 6.82 | 62.61 | 62.97 |
| HiggsAudio-v2 | 2025-07 | 6B | 27.09 | 31.39 | 98.61 | 98.85 |
| MGM-Omni | 2025-08 | 2B | 4.98 | 5.58 | 26.26 | 23.58 |
Citation
If you find this repo useful for your research, we would appreciate it if you could cite our work 😊:
@article{wang2025mgm,
title={MGM-Omni: Scaling Omni LLMs to Personalized Long-Horizon Speech},
author={Wang, Chengyao and Zhong, Zhisheng and Peng, Bohao and Yang, Senqiao and Liu, Yuqi and Gui, Haokun and Xia, Bin and Li, Jingyao and Yu, Bei and Jia, Jiaya},
journal={arXiv:2509.25131},
year={2025}
}
@inproceedings{zhong2025lyra,
title={Lyra: An Efficient and Speech-Centric Framework for Omni-Cognition},
author={Zhong, Zhingsheng and Wang, Chengyao and Liu, Yuqi and Yang, Senqiao and Tang, Longxiang and Zhang, Yuechen and Li, Jingyao and Qu, Tianyuan and Li, Yanwei and Chen, Yukang and Yu, Shaozuo and Wu, Sitong and Lo, Eric and Liu, Shu and Jia, Jiaya},
booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision},
year={2025}
}
@article{li2024mgm,
title={Mini-Gemini: Mining the Potential of Multi-modality Vision Language Models},
author={Li, Yanwei and Zhang, Yuechen and Wang, Chengyao and Zhong, Zhisheng and Chen, Yixin and Chu, Ruihang and Liu, Shaoteng and Jia, Jiaya},
journal={arXiv:2403.18814},
year={2024}
}
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