youssefbelghmi/MNLP_M3_mcqa_dataset_support

dataset stringclasses 6 values	id stringlengths 12 16	question stringlengths 1 935	choices sequencelengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 4 values	support stringlengths 0 7.76k ⌀
sciq	sciq_01_01434	About how many days does it take the moon to make one orbit around the earth?	[ "22", "28", "30", "21" ]	B	The Moon does not produce any light of its own. It only reflects light from the Sun. The Moon has phases because it orbits around Earth. One orbit takes about 28 days. As the moon moves around Earth, different parts of it appear to be lit up by the Sun. The Moon sometimes appears fully lit and sometimes completely dark. Sometimes it is partially lit. The different appearances of the Moon are referred to as phases of the Moon ( Figure below ).
sciq	sciq_01_05087	Sister chromatids separate as part of anaphase in what process?	[ "osmosis", "vesicles", "mitosis", "angiogenesis" ]	C
sciq	sciq_01_06150	What is earth's main source of energy?	[ "the sun", "the core", "the moon", "the atmosphere" ]	A	The Sun is Earth’s main source of energy. The Sun gives us both light and heat. The Sun changes hydrogen into helium through nuclear fusion. This releases huge amounts of energy. The energy travels to the Earth mostly as visible light. The energy is carried through the empty space by radiation . We can use sunlight as an energy resource, called solar energy ( Figure above ).
openbookqa	obqa_02_00006	an inherited characteristic found on all mammals is	[ "nails", "teeth", "shoes", "fur" ]	D	the colors of the parts of an organism are inherited characteristics
sciq	sciq_01_09223	When additional water is added to an aqueous solution, what happens to the concentration of that solution?	[ "no change", "doubles", "increases", "decreases" ]	D	When additional water is added to an aqueous solution, the concentration of that solution decreases. This is because the number of moles of the solute does not change, while the volume of the solution increases. We can set up an equality between the moles of the solute before the dilution (1) and the moles of the solute after the dilution (2).
sciq	sciq_01_02914	The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of what?	[ "ability to absorb flow", "adaptability to surroundings", "resistance to change form", "resistance to flow" ]	D	When you pour a glass of water, or fill a car with gasoline, you observe that water and gasoline flow freely. But when you pour syrup on pancakes or add oil to a car engine, you note that syrup and motor oil do not flow as readily. The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow. Water, gasoline, and other liquids that flow freely have a low viscosity. Honey, syrup, motor oil, and other liquids that do not flow freely, like those shown in Figure 10.15, have higher viscosities. We can measure viscosity by measuring the rate at which a metal ball falls through a liquid (the ball falls more slowly through a more viscous liquid) or by measuring the rate at which a liquid flows through a narrow tube (more viscous liquids flow more slowly).
sciq	sciq_01_03696	What is the connection between the two hemispheres of the brain called?	[ "spinal cord", "corpus callosum", "cerebral cortex", "cranial septum" ]	B	Left Brain, Right Brain Popular media often refer to right-brained and left-brained people, as if the brain were two independent halves that work differently for different people. This is a popular misinterpretation of an important neurological phenomenon. As an extreme measure to deal with a debilitating condition, the corpus callosum may be sectioned to overcome intractable epilepsy. When the connections between the two cerebral hemispheres are cut, interesting effects can be observed. If a person with an intact corpus callosum is asked to put their hands in their pockets and describe what is there on the basis of what their hands feel, they might say that they have keys in their right pocket and loose change in the left. They may even be able to count the coins in their pocket and say if they can afford to buy a candy bar from the vending machine. If a person with a sectioned corpus callosum is given the same instructions, they will do something quite peculiar. They will only put their right hand in their pocket and say they have keys there. They will not even move their left hand, much less report that there is loose change in the left pocket. The reason for this is that the language functions of the cerebral cortex are localized to the left hemisphere in 95 percent of the population. Additionally, the left hemisphere is connected to the right side of the body through the corticospinal tract and the ascending tracts of the spinal cord. Motor commands from the precentral gyrus control the opposite side of the body, whereas sensory information processed by the postcentral gyrus is received from the opposite side of the body. For a verbal command to initiate movement of the right arm and hand, the left side of the brain needs to be connected by the corpus callosum. Language is processed in the left side of the brain and directly influences the left brain and right arm motor functions, but is sent to influence the right brain and left arm motor functions through the corpus callosum. Likewise, the left-handed sensory perception of what is in the left pocket travels across the corpus callosum from the right brain, so no verbal report on those contents would be possible if the hand happened to be in the pocket.
sciq	sciq_01_06459	What substances function as a long-term energy store in the human body and possess long carbon chains that prevent dissolving in water?	[ "triglycerides", "nanoparticles", "steroids", "hydrocarbons" ]	A	Triglycerides function as a long-term storage form of energy in the human body. Because of the long carbon chains, triglycerides are nearly nonpolar molecules and thus do not dissolve readily in polar solvents such as water. Instead, oils and fats are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as hexane and ethers.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01396	In a specimen of kidney, fibrinoid necrosis is seen and onion peel appearance is also present. Most probable pathology is:	[ "Hyaline degeneration", "Hyperplastic aeriosclerosis", "Glomerulosclerosis", "Fibrillary glomerulonephritis" ]	B	Histological alterations characterizing blood vessels in malignant hypeension. ? Hyperplastic aeriosclerosis Fibrinoid necrosis of aerioles: Onion-skinning (concentrically arranged smooth muscle with collagen).
math_qa	mathqa_03_00755	30 buckets of water fill a tank when the capacity of each bucket is 13.5 litres . how many buckets will be required to fill the same tank if the capacity of each bucket is 9 litres ?	[ "30", "32", "45", "data inadequate" ]	C	"capacity of the tank = 30 ã — 13.5 = 405 litres when the capacity of each bucket = 9 litres , then the required no . of buckets = 405 â „ 9 = 45 answer c"
openbookqa	obqa_02_04312	An example of a change in the Earth is when a volcano, resembling a tall mountain, violently explodes and	[ "turns a deep crater into igneous rock and ice", "gushes upward, revealing mounds of snow", "drops downward, becoming a huge lake of lava", "fills a deep crater with very hot water" ]	C	An example of a change in the Earth is an ocean becoming a wooded area
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00535	Biotin is a coenzyme for:	[ "Pyruvate dehydrogenase", "Pyruvate carboxylase", "PEP carboxylase", "Glutamate pyruvate transaminase" ]	B	Ans. B. Pyruvate carboxylaseBiotin is required as a co-enzyme of carboxylation reactions. Pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00682	A negatively-charged ion has	[ "a heavier nucleus.", "a greater atomic mass.", "more electrons than protons.", "more electrons than neutrons." ]	C	null
sciq	sciq_01_04914	Modern taxonomy is based on many hypotheses' of the evolutionary history of organisms, known as this?	[ "pathogeny", "algorithm", "phylogeny", "cladistic" ]	C	22.0.6 Phylogeny, Cladistics & Cladogram Modern taxonomy is based on many hypotheses' of the evolutionary history of organisms, known as phylogeny. As with the Scientific Method, scientists develop a hypothesis on the history of an animal and utilise modern science and technology to prove the phylogeny. Cladistics is a classification system which is based on phylogeny. Expanding on phylogeny, cladistics is based on the assumption that each group of related species has one common ancestor and would therefore retain some ancestral characteristics. Moreover, as these related species evolve and diverge from their common ancestor, they would develop unique characteristics. Such characteristics are known as derived characteristics The principles of phylogeny and cladistics can be expressed visually as a cladogram, a branching diagram which acts as a family (phylogenetic) tree for similar species. A cladogram can also be used to test alternative hypotheses for an animal's phylogeny. In order to determine the most likely cladogram, the derived characteristics of similar species are matched and analysed.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00331	Which of the following is seen in iridodialysis: September 2009	[ "Biocular diplopia", "Degenerative condition", "Iris is torn away from its ciliary attachment", "Normal pupil" ]	C	Ans. C: Iris is torn away from its ciliary attachment In iridodialysis there is rupture of the iris at its iris root and it frequently occurs following blunt trauma or penetrating injuries to the globe. Clinical features: A. Symptoms: Minimal with small iridodialyses With larger iridodyalises, patients may experience double pupil effect, monocular diplopia, glare and phophobia B. Signs: Commonly associated with hyphema and an irregular pupil (D-shaped pupil) May be single or multiple, small or extensive radially Damage of the trabecular meshwork and peripheral anterior synechiae may cause 10P elevation C. Management: Bed rest and observation. Sunglasses, tinted contact lenses or those with aificial pupil may help reduce the symptoms. Surgical repair may be considered in cases of large dialyses or persistent monocular diplopia
sciq	sciq_01_09847	When matter reacts, there can be what that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for?	[ "bonds", "mass", "combustions", "concentrations" ]	B	When matter reacts, there can be mass that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for.
sciq	sciq_01_01784	What have approximately the same mass as protons but no charge?	[ "atoms", "electrons", "neutrons", "reactions" ]	C	Neutrons have approximately the same mass as protons but no charge. They are electrically neutral. The mass of a proton or a neutron is about 1836 times greater than the mass of an electron. Protons and neutrons constitute by far the bulk of the mass of atoms. The discovery of the electron and the proton was crucial to the development of the modern model of the atom and provides an excellent case study in the application of the scientific method. In fact, the elucidation of the atom’s structure is one of the greatest detective stories in the history of science.
openbookqa	obqa_02_03459	Science fact: as the sale of a product decreases , the amount of money made by the person selling that product will decrease. However, sales could possibly grow with	[ "bad press", "eclipse", "price increases", "advertising" ]	D	as the sale of a product decreases , the amount of money made by the person selling that product will decrease
math_qa	mathqa_03_02210	ifaequals the sum of the even integers from 2 to 40 , inclusive , andbequals the sum of the odd integers from 1 to 39 , inclusive , what is the value of a - b ?	[ "1", "10", "19", "20" ]	D	this is a solution from beatthegmat : even numbers : ( 40 - 2 ) / 2 + 1 = 20 even integers . ( 40 + 2 ) / 2 = 21 is the average of the even set . sum = avg * ( # of elements ) = 21 * 20 = 420 = a odd numbers : ( 39 - 1 ) / 2 + 1 = 20 odd integers . ( 39 + 1 ) / 2 = 20 is the average of the odd set . sum = avg * ( # of elements ) = 20 * 20 = 400 = b a - b = 420 - 400 = 20 . answer : d
math_qa	mathqa_03_03683	what is the maximum number r of 27 cubic centimetre cubes that can fit in a rectangular box measuring 8 centimetre x 9 centimetre x 12 centimetre ?	[ "36'", "32'", "24'", "21'" ]	C	27 cubic centimetre cubes gives side = 3 cm so if : l * w * h is 9 * 12 * 8 , then max . cube we can have are 3 * 4 * 2 = 24 l * w * h is 9 * 8 * 12 , then max . cube we can have are 3 * 2 * 4 = 24 l * w * h is 12 * 8 * 9 , then max . cube we can have are 4 * 2 * 3 = 24 l * w * h is 12 * 9 * 8 , then max . cube we can have are 4 * 3 * 2 = 24 l * w * h is 8 * 12 * 9 , then max . cube we can have are 2 * 4 * 3 = 24 l * w * h is 8 * 9 * 12 , then max . cube we can have are 2 * 3 * 4 = 24 in all cases we get r = 24 cubes . ans . c
openbookqa	obqa_02_02344	Converting electricity into different types of energy may be done by	[ "rocks", "folding chairs", "squirrels", "DVD players" ]	D	electrical devices convert electricity into other forms of energy
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01471	Digoxin is not indicated in:	[ "Atrial flutter", "Atrial fibrillation", "High output failure", "PSVT" ]	C	Ans. (C) High output failure(Ref: KDT 8th/e p560, 561)Digitalis is an inotropic agent that is indicated when heart is not able to pump the blood adequately. High output failure is seen in conditions like anemia and thyrotoxicosis in which heart is already contracting vigorously. Cardiac glycosides, thus are not indicated in high output failure.
openbookqa	obqa_02_00060	A woman is digging under a tree on a tall mountain. She is looking for interesting rocks, and a foot down into the soil, discovers a fossilized fish skeleton. From this discovery, the woman is able to determine that	[ "the mountain used to be underwater", "some bears in mountains eat fish", "some fish can climb mountains", "sometimes rain can move fish to high spaces" ]	A	if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01096	The abundance of a mineral at the surface of Earth most likely depends upon the	[ "climate of a particular region.", "types of elements available in the crust.", "thicknesses of nearby rock layers.", "exposure of the elements to the environment." ]	B	null
sciq	sciq_01_07479	Water leaves ponds and lakes through evaporation and also as what?	[ "inflow", "mid flow", "outflow", "influx" ]	C	Ponds and lakes may get their water from several sources. Some falls directly into them as precipitation. Some enters as runoff and some from streams and rivers. Water leaves ponds and lakes through evaporation and also as outflow.
sciq	sciq_01_11287	The explosion of nitroglycerin, which releases large volumes of gases, is what type of reaction?	[ "energetic", "exothermic", "exponential", "endothermic" ]	B	The explosion of nitroglycerin releases large volumes of gases and is very exothermic.
sciq	sciq_01_10357	Ionic compounds contain cations and anions rather than what?	[ "characterized neutral molecules", "discrete neutral molecules", "positive molecules", "analogous neutral molecules" ]	B	Note the Pattern Ionic compounds contain both cations and anions in a ratio that results in zero electrical charge. In covalent compounds, electrons are shared between bonded atoms and are simultaneously attracted to more than one nucleus. In contrast, ionic compounds contain cations and anions rather than discrete neutral molecules. Ionic compounds are held together by the attractive electrostatic interactions between cations and anions. In an ionic compound, the cations and anions are arranged in space to form an extended three-dimensional array that maximizes the number of attractive electrostatic interactions and minimizes the number of repulsive electrostatic interactions (Figure 2.5 "Covalent and Ionic Bonding"). As shown in Equation 2.1, the electrostatic energy of the interaction between two charged particles is proportional to the product of the charges on the particles and inversely proportional to the distance between them: Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.
math_qa	mathqa_03_03019	a , b and c can do a piece of work in 9 days , 14 days and 28 days respectively . how long will they taken , if all the three work together ?	[ "4.12 days", "4.52 days", "3.52 days", "2.52 days" ]	B	1 / 9 + 1 / 14 + 1 / 28 = 55 / 252 = > 252 / 55 days = > 4.52 days answer : b
openbookqa	obqa_02_02794	which of these could result in a person reaching their destination late?	[ "a clear road path", "a dry clear road", "a road full of ice", "a road without hills" ]	C	skidding causes speed to decrease
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_02214	Which of the following explanations is not an explanation for decreased variability of the fetal hea tracing?	[ "Fetal\"sleep state\"", "Prematurity", "Barbiturate ingestion", "Fetal stimulation" ]	D	The external sound stimulates the fetus provoking fetal hea rate acceleration in cases thought be nonreactive.This is termed stale response refer pgno:510 sheila textbook of obstetrics
openbookqa	obqa_02_00834	What would be easier to burn?	[ "A park bench", "A silver spoon", "Tupperware", "An Airplane" ]	A	dry wood easily burns
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04719	One of your staff nurse had a deep prick from the needle used to inject an HIV positive individual. What is the treatment regime that should be staed in her/him? Note that drug resistance was suspected in the HIV patient. \r\n	[ "2 NIs for 3 months", "1 NI and 1 NtI for 28 days", "2 NIs + 1 protease inhibitor for 28 days", "2 protease inhibitor + 2 NtIs for 3 months" ]	C	In this scenario ARVs should be initiated as soon as possible and no later than 72 hours. It should include 2 NI drugs. If drug resistance is suspected a protease inhibitor should also be added. The duration of treatment is 28 days. If the blood sample drawn from the exposed person is HIV negative at the time of exposure, the test should be repeated at 3 and 6 months. Ref: Park, Edition 21, Page - 328
openbookqa	obqa_02_03540	An animals brain controls what?	[ "said organism", "others", "plants", "fauna" ]	A	an animal 's brain controls that animal
sciq	sciq_01_09985	What helps us see rainbows in the sky?	[ "myopia", "spectral light", "visible light", "prism" ]	C	We can see rainbows because they are formed by visible light. Visible light includes all the wavelengths of light that the human eye can detect. It allows us to see objects in the world around us. Without visible light, we would only be able to sense most objects by sound or touch, and we would never see rainbows. Like humans, most other organisms also depend on visible light, either directly or indirectly. Many animals use it to see. All plants use it to make food in the process of photosynthesis. Without the food made by plants, most other organisms could not survive.
openbookqa	obqa_02_04580	All of the following contain chloroplasts but this	[ "rose bushes", "sea anemones", "seaweed", "algae" ]	B	a plant cell contains chloroplasts
math_qa	mathqa_03_02752	he average weight of 8 persons increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of them weighing 65 kg . what might be the weight of the new person ?	[ "75 kg", "55 kg", "45 kg", "85 kg" ]	D	explanation : total weight increased = ( 8 x 2.5 ) kg = 20 kg . weight of new person = ( 65 + 20 ) kg = 85 kg . answer : d
openbookqa	obqa_02_02871	Natural resources come from nature, so if humans are reckless when working with nature, the amount of resources will	[ "go down", "laugh", "go up", "fly away" ]	A	nature is the source of natural resources
sciq	sciq_01_10823	What map shows the locations of several genes on the x chromosome?	[ "The allelic map", "The genomic map", "the linkage map", "the component map" ]	C	Linkage Map for the Human X Chromosome. This linkage map shows the locations of several genes on the X chromosome. Some of the genes code for normal proteins. Others code for abnormal proteins that lead to genetic disorders. Which pair of genes would you expect to have a lower frequency of crossing-over: the genes that code for hemophilia A and G6PD deficiency, or the genes that code for protan and Xm?.
sciq	sciq_01_02231	What organism carries out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration?	[ "metabolites", "obligate anaerobes", "aerobicc enzymes", "aldehydes" ]	B
sciq	sciq_01_05396	Which property changes when a glass breaks?	[ "Chemical", "State", "density", "its physical property" ]	D	When glass breaks, its physical properties change. Instead of one solid sheet of glass, it now has holes and cracks.
math_qa	mathqa_03_03807	one night a certain hotel rented 2 / 3 of its rooms , including 2 / 3 of their air conditioned rooms . if 3 / 5 of its rooms were air conditioned , what percent of the rooms that were not rented were air conditioned ?	[ "50 %", "60 %", "65 %", "70 %" ]	B	"the rooms which were not rented is 1 / 3 the ac rooms which were not rented is ( 1 / 3 ) * ( 3 / 5 ) = 1 / 5 the percentage of unrented rooms which were ac rooms is ( 1 / 5 ) / ( 1 / 3 ) = 3 / 5 = 60 % the answer is b ."
sciq	sciq_01_01892	What field of study is called the language of science?	[ "linguistics", "mathematics", "physics", "logic" ]	B	The field of science has gotten so big that it is common to separate it into more specific fields. First, there is mathematics, the language of science. All scientific fields use mathematics to express themselves—some more than others. Physics and astronomy are scientific fields concerned with the fundamental interactions between matter and energy. Chemistry, as defined previously, is the study of the interactions of matter with other matter and with energy. Biology is the study of living organisms, while geology is the study of the earth. Other sciences can be named as well. Understand that these fields are not always completely separate; the boundaries between scientific fields are not always readily apparent. Therefore, a scientist may be labeled a biochemist if he or she studies the chemistry of biological organisms. Finally, understand that science can be either qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative implies a description of the quality of an object. For example, physical properties are generally qualitative descriptions: sulfur is yellow, your math book is heavy, or that statue is pretty. A quantitative description represents the specific amount of something; it means knowing how much of something is present, usually by counting or measuring it. As such, some quantitative descriptions would include 25 students in a class, 650 pages in a book, or a velocity of 66 miles per hour. Quantitative expressions are very important in science; they are also very important in chemistry.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04019	Supra omohyoid dissection is one variety of	[ "Selective neck dissection", "Modified radical neck dissection", "Radical neck dissection", "Posterolateral dissection" ]	A	Ans. (a) Selective neck dissectionRef: Bailey- 26th edition Page 720* Supraomohyoid neck dissection involves removal of neck nodes at level 1,2,3.* It is done for No neck node palpable cases and for some cases of N1.* Extended Omohyoid Neck dissection removes - Level 1,2,3 and 4 nodes.
math_qa	mathqa_03_01758	in a graduating class , 40 percent of the students are male . in this class , 50 percent of the male students and 40 percent of the female students are 25 years old or older . if one student in the class is randomly selected , approximately what is the probability that he or she will be less than 25 years old ?	[ "0.44", "0.5", "0.56", "0.62" ]	C	"let x be the total number of students . the number students who are younger than 25 is 0.5 * 0.4 x + 0.6 * 0.6 x = 0.56 x the answer is c ."
openbookqa	obqa_02_03571	You can see an electrical circuit in motion when	[ "drinking water", "making toast", "holding hands", "eating carrots" ]	B	when an electrical circuit is working properly , electrical current runs through the wires in that circuit
math_qa	mathqa_03_01010	the figure above shows the dimensions of a semicircular cross section of a one - way tunnel . the single traffic lane is 12 feet wide and is equidistant from the sides of the tunnel . if vehicles must clear the top of the tunnel by at least ½ foot when they are inside the traffic lane , what should be the limit h on the height of vehicles that are allowed to use the tunnel ?	[ "5 ½ ft", "7 ½ ft", "8 ½ ft", "9 ½ ft" ]	B	"let ' s label the midpoint of the circle o . since the base of the semi - circle is 20 , we know that the diameter is 20 and , accordingly , the radius is 10 . we also know that the traffic lane is 12 feet long and there ' s an equal amount of space on either side , so the traffic lane extends 6 feet on either side of o . let ' s call the leftmost point on the base of the traffic lane a . so , the distance oa is 6 . now draw a line straight up from a to the top of the tunnel . let ' s label the point at which the line intersects the circle b . the answer to the question will , therefore , be the height ab - . 5 feet ( we need to leave . 5 feet of clearance ) . here ' s the key to solving the question : if we draw a line from o to b , that line is a radius of the circle and , therefore , has length 10 . we now have right triangle oab ( the right angle is at point a ) , with leg oa = 6 and hypotenuse ob = 10 . we can now solve for leg ab = 8 ( either by applying the pythagorean theorum or by applying the 3 / 4 / 5 special right triangle ratio ) . finally : ab = 8 , so the correct answer h is 8 - . 5 = 7.5 . . . choose ( b ) ! from a strategic guessing point of view , as soon as we realize that the height of the tunnel is 10 in the middle , we should quickly eliminate ( d ) and ( e ) as too big ; worse case you have a 1 / 3 shot at picking up the points . b"
sciq	sciq_01_09366	According to rutherford, where is the vast majority of the mass of an atom located?	[ "the cytoplasm", "the shell", "the electrons", "the nucleus" ]	D	Rutherford’s experiment showed that the vast majority of the mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus, which is composed of protons and neutrons. The mass of an electron is very small compared to the mass of a neutron or proton, so the electrons in an element do not contribute much to the total mass. The mass number is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Remember that both protons and neutrons have a mass of approximately 1 amu. Knowing the mass number and the atomic number of an atom therefore allows you to determine the number of neutrons present in that atom by subtraction:.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01502	Specific for albinism -	[ "Red reflex", "Decreased visual activity", "Photophobia", "Nystagmus" ]	A	Ocular albinism is a genetic condition that primarily affects the eyes. This condition reduces the coloring (pigmentation) of the iris, which is the colored pa of the eye, and the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Pigmentation in the eye is essential for normal vision. A common myth is that people withalbinism have red eyes. Although lighting conditions can allow the blood vessels at the back of the eye to be seen, which can cause the eyes to look reddish or violet, most people with albinism have blue eyes, and some have hazel or brown eyes.
math_qa	mathqa_03_03266	a gambler bought $ 4,000 worth of chips at a casino in denominations of $ 20 and $ 100 . that evening , the gambler lost 16 chips , and then cashed in the remainder . if the number of $ 20 chips lost was 2 more or 2 less than the number of $ 100 chips lost , what is the largest amount of money that the gambler could have received back ?	[ "$ 2,040", "$ 2,120", "$ 1,960", "$ 3,120" ]	D	"in order to maximize the amount of money that the gambler kept , we should maximize # of $ 20 chips lost and minimize # of $ 100 chips lost , which means that # of $ 20 chips lost must be 2 more than # of $ 100 chips lost . so , if # of $ 20 chips lost is x then # of $ 100 chips lost should be x - 2 . now , given that total # of chips lost is 16 : x + x - 2 = 16 - - > x = 9 : 9 $ 20 chips were lost and 9 - 2 = 7 $ 100 chips were lost . total worth of chips lost is 9 * 20 + 7 * 100 = $ 880 , so the gambler kept $ 4,000 - $ 880 = $ 3,120 . answer : d"
sciq	sciq_01_08190	What do you call the metal elements listed below the periodic table?	[ "shift metals", "transition metals", "process metals", "rare metals" ]	B	Transition metals include the elements that are placed below the periodic table. Those that follow lanthanum (La) are called lanthanides. They are all shiny, relatively reactive metals. Those that follow Actinium (Ac) are called actinides. They are all radioactive metals. This means they are unstable. They break down into different, more stable elements. You can read more about radioactive elements in the chapter Nuclear Chemistry . Many of the actinides do not occur in nature but are made in laboratories.
math_qa	mathqa_03_02188	there are 8 students . 4 of them are men and 4 of them are women . if 4 students are selected from the 8 students . what is the probability that the number of men is equal to that of women ?	[ "18 / 35", "16 / 35", "14 / 35", "13 / 35" ]	A	men = women means 2 men 2 women total such combinations = 4 c 2 * 4 c 2 = 4 ! / 2 ! . 2 ! * 4 ! / 2 ! . 2 ! = 6 * 6 total combinations = 8 c 4 = 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 / 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 70 so probability = 36 / 70 = 18 / 35 hence a
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00863	Helsinki declaration deals with ?	[ "MTP", "Human organ transplantation", "Capital punishment", "Human experimentation" ]	D	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Human experimentation The Declaration of Helsinki is a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed for the medical community by the World Medical Association. It is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics The Declaration is morally binding on physicians, and that obligation overrides any national or local laws or regulations, if the Declaration provides for a higher standard of protection of humans than the latter. Investigators still have to abide by local legislation but will be held to the higher standard.
sciq	sciq_01_03708	Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus but instead generally have a single chromosome, a piece of double-stranded dna located in an area of the cell called the what?	[ "lysosome", "cytoplasm", "spicule", "nucleoid" ]	D	The Prokaryotic Cell Recall that prokaryotes (Figure 22.10) are unicellular organisms that lack organelles or other internal membrane-bound structures. Therefore, they do not have a nucleus but instead generally have a single chromosome—a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA located in an area of the cell called the nucleoid. Most prokaryotes have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01137	When a formula unit of magnesium sulfide, MgS, is separated into magnesium and sulfur particles, the particles are called	[ "molecules.", "ions.", "isotopes.", "compounds." ]	B	null
openbookqa	obqa_02_00454	After a wildfire, the surviving creatures need to	[ "find new homes", "dig for food", "reproduce", "fight for leadership" ]	A	if a habitat can no longer support animals then those animals will move to another area
sciq	sciq_01_04352	Passive immunity arises from the transfer of what to an individual, without requiring them to mount their own active immune response?	[ "bacteria", "parasites", "viruses", "antibodies" ]	D	Passive immunity arises from the transfer of antibodies to an individual without requiring them to mount their own active immune response. Naturally acquired passive immunity is seen during fetal development. IgG is transferred from the maternal circulation to the fetus via the placenta, protecting the fetus from infection and protecting the newborn for the first few months of its life. As already stated, a newborn benefits from the IgA antibodies it obtains from milk during breastfeeding. The fetus and newborn thus benefit from the immunological memory of the mother to the pathogens to which she has been exposed. In medicine, artificially acquired passive immunity usually involves injections of immunoglobulins, taken from animals previously exposed to a specific pathogen. This treatment is a fast-acting method of temporarily protecting an individual who was possibly exposed to a pathogen. The downside to both types of passive immunity is the lack of the development of immunological memory. Once the antibodies are transferred, they are effective for only a limited time before they degrade.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00933	ATT causing orange colour urine is -	[ "Rifampicin", "Isoniazid", "Ethambutol", "Pyrazinamide" ]	A	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rifampicin Adverse effects of Rifampicin o Intermittent dosing in Rif. ampicin i.e., (Less than twice weekly either as a pa of regimen or through poor compliance) promotes ceain effects which are Flu like syndrome (chills, fever headache, malaise wheezing) Thrombocytopenia Acute hemolytic anaemia Abdominal syndrome Acute renal failure sometimes with hemolysis Cutaneous syndrome These adverse reactions usually does not require drug withdrawl. o Other adverse effects of Rifampicin which are dose related Hepatitis Respiratory syndrome Urine and secretions may become orange red but this is harmless.
openbookqa	obqa_02_01607	Several batteries placed into a radio will make sound after first using	[ "solar energy", "wind energy", "chemical energy", "elbow grease" ]	C	a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy
sciq	sciq_01_07064	Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward what?	[ "extremities", "brain", "lung", "heart" ]	D	Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. This blood is no longer under much pressure, so many veins have valves that prevent backflow of blood. Veins generally carry deoxygenated blood. The largest vein is the inferior vena cava, which carries blood from the lower body to the heart.
ARC-Challenge	arc_04_02473	All animals need food to survive. Immediately after an animal eats food, the food is	[ "stored for later use", "converted into waste", "transported by the bloodstream", "digested into simpler substances" ]	D	null
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04599	Which of the following binds to the Tyrosine kinase receptor?	[ "LH", "Insulin", "TSH", "TRH" ]	B	Hormones That Use Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Growth hormone Insulin Leptin Prolactin Growth factors
sciq	sciq_01_04875	Which organ's diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes?	[ "heart", "lungs", "kidney", "pancreas" ]	C	Kidney diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes. Kidney failure may be treated with dialysis.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00050	The floating arrow on a compass always points towards the	[ "west.", "east.", "south.", "north." ]	D	null
sciq	sciq_01_03379	What is given off from plants and taken in by animals?	[ "oxygen", "nitrogen", "methane", "sulfur" ]	A
openbookqa	obqa_02_03215	Which of the following reasons would an angler fish use a light?	[ "attracting researchers", "attracting humans", "attracting predators", "attracting sardines" ]	D	producing light is used for attracting prey by some deep sea animals
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01393	Transfer of drug resistance is staphylococcus is by	[ "Transduction", "Transformation", "Conjugation", "Transfection" ]	A	Beta-lactamase-mediated: this is mediated through the production of beta-lactamase or penicillinase, which inactivates penicillin by splitting the beta-lactam ring. these are inducible enzymes which are plasmid-mediated.they can be transmitted by transduction or conjugation. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology; Ananthanarayanan and Panicker; Tenth Edition; Page No: 202
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00609	Which function is performed at similarly structured sites in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?	[ "protein synthesis", "packaging and transport of proteins", "storage of genetic material", "release of energy from storage forms" ]	A	null
math_qa	mathqa_03_01439	carol and jordan draw rectangles of equal area . if carol ' s rectangle measures 5 inches by 24 inches and jordan ' s rectangle is 2 inches long , how wide is jordan ' s rectangle , in inches ?	[ "65", "63", "52", "60" ]	D	"area of carol ' s rectangle = 24 * 5 = 120 let width of jordan ' s rectangle = w since , the areas are equal 2 w = 120 = > w = 60 answer d"
math_qa	mathqa_03_01930	a bowl contains equal numbers of red , orange , green , blue , and yellow candies . kaz eats all of the green candies and half of the orange ones . next , he eats half of the remaining pieces of each color . finally , he eats red and yellow candies in equal proportions until the total number of remaining candies of all colors equals 32 % of the original number . what percent of the red candies remain ?	[ "27.5 %", "33.3 %", "35.5 %", "42.5 %" ]	D	"let x be the original number of each color so there are a total of 5 x candies . kaz eats all of the green candies and half of the orange ones . there are 0 green candies and 0.5 x orange candies remaining . he eats half of the remaining pieces of each color . there are 0.25 x orange candies , and 0.5 x each of red , yellow , and blue candies . he eats red and yellow candies in equal proportions . orange + blue + red + yellow = 0.75 x + red + yellow = 1.6 x red + yellow = 0.85 x red = 0.425 x , since red = yellow . the answer is d ."
openbookqa	obqa_02_01333	The diaphragms in the microphone and speaker convert sound energy into	[ "light energy", "low voltage electricity", "back message", "heat energy" ]	B	telephones convert sound energy into electrical energy
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04963	Primary biliary cirrhosis is most commonly associated with______	[ "Systemic sclerosis", "Sjogren syndrome", "Ulcerative colitis", "Pancreatitis" ]	B	Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Autoimmune disorder Clinical manifestation - obstructive jaundice F > M Antibody seen in antimitochondrial ab which is formed against E2 subunit of PDH enzyme. Interlobular bile ducts are actively destroyed by lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with or without granulomas.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00917	Some birds fly south before winter each year. This is an example of	[ "migration", "hibernation", "germination", "evaporation" ]	A	null
sciq	sciq_01_00917	Alkaline earth metals are what color?	[ "black", "silvery grey", "white", "reddish orange" ]	B	The alkaline Earth metals include all the elements in group 2 (see Figure below ). These metals have just two valence electrons, so they are very reactive, although not quite as reactive as the alkali metals. In nature, they are always found combined with other elements. Alkaline Earth metals are silvery grey in color. They are harder and denser than the alkali metals. All are solids at room temperature.
ARC-Challenge	arc_04_02837	A student stands on a scale, and the scale reads 85 pounds. What is being measured by the scale?	[ "the force of gravity acting on the student", "the air pressure surrounding the student", "the mass of the student", "the volume of the student" ]	A	null
sciq	sciq_01_02383	What is type of sugar is produced through photosynthesis?	[ "glucose", "carbohydrates", "glutamate", "insulin" ]	A	The energy of the sun is first captured by producers ( Figure below ), organisms that can make their own food. Many producers make their own food through the process of photosynthesis . The "food" the producers make is the sugar, glucose . Producers make food for the rest of the ecosystem. As energy is not recycled, energy must consistently be captured by producers. This energy is then passed on to the organisms that eat the producers, and then to the organisms that eat those organisms, and so on.
openbookqa	obqa_02_03794	To have a positive impact of the environment	[ "use Styrofoam plates and bowls", "use more paper towels", "drive a car that guzzles gas", "salvage plastic bottles instead of throwing them away" ]	D	conserving resources has a positive impact on the environment
sciq	sciq_01_09224	How many chambers does a mammalian heart have?	[ "five", "three", "one", "four" ]	D	The four-chambered mammalian heart can pump blood in two different directions. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The left side of the heart pumps blood containing oxygen to the rest of the body. Because of the dual pumping action of the heart, all of the blood going to body cells is rich in oxygen.
sciq	sciq_01_04257	What theory goes beyond classical mechanics to describe the behavior of near-light-speed objects?	[ "special relativity", "normal relativity", "spacial relativity", "simple relativity" ]	A	A great many experiments have been performed to test the predictions of special relativity. No contradictions have been found. Scientists have therefore accepted special relativity as an accurate description of nature. When the relative velocities of objects are considerably less than the speed of light, the formulas for relativistic time, length, and mass all reduce to the classical formulas. It is required that the two theories correspond where they overlap at speeds much less than . Special relativity does not contradict classical mechanics. Rather, it is a more general theory needed for object speeds approaching the speed of light.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00924	Onychomycosis is most commonly caused by -	[ "Trichophyton rubrum", "Trichophyton mentagrophytes", "Epidermatophyton floccosum", "Candida" ]	A	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Trichophyton rubrum Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis)o Tinea unguium is dermatophvtic infection of fingers and toe nails. Most common causative species is T-rubrum. Toe nails are more commonly involved. T. Unguium may be of two types : -Distal subungal onychomycosis : - This is most common type offungal infection of nail (90%). It starts at the distal edge of the nail plate and slowly growrs inwards to involve entire nail plate.Proximal Subungal onychomycosis : - Starts at the base of nail and slowly involves the entire nail plate.
sciq	sciq_01_02753	What is the arrangement of a t-tubule with the membranes of sr on either side called?	[ "aracnid", "triad", "orchid", "acid" ]	B	As the membrane depolarizes, another set of ion channels called voltage-gated sodium channels are triggered to open. Sodium ions enter the muscle fiber, and an action potential rapidly spreads (or “fires”) along the entire membrane to initiate excitation-contraction coupling. Things happen very quickly in the world of excitable membranes (just think about how quickly you can snap your fingers as soon as you decide to do it). Immediately following depolarization of the membrane, it repolarizes, re-establishing the negative membrane potential. Meanwhile, the ACh in the synaptic cleft is degraded by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) so that the ACh cannot rebind to a receptor and reopen its channel, which would cause unwanted extended muscle excitation and contraction. Propagation of an action potential along the sarcolemma is the excitation portion of excitation-contraction coupling. Recall that this excitation actually triggers the release of calcium ions (Ca++) from its storage in the cell’s SR. For the action potential to reach the membrane of the SR, there are periodic invaginations in the sarcolemma, called T-tubules (“T” stands for “transverse”). You will recall that the diameter of a muscle fiber can be up to 100 μm, so these T-tubules ensure that the membrane can get close to the SR in the sarcoplasm. The arrangement of a T-tubule with the membranes of SR on either side is called a triad (Figure 10.7). The triad surrounds the cylindrical structure called a myofibril, which contains actin and myosin.
ARC-Challenge	arc_04_02711	A baby horse will inherit all of these traits from its parents except	[ "height.", "weight.", "coat color.", "preferred food." ]	D	null
math_qa	mathqa_03_01664	what is the measure of the radius of the circle inscribed in a triangle whose sides measure 8 , 15 and 19 units ?	[ "2.8 units", "6 units", "3 units", "5 units" ]	A	"sides are 8 , 15 and 19 . . . thus it is right angle triangle since 19 ^ 2 = 8 ^ 2 + 15 ^ 2 therefore , area = 1 / 2 * 15 * 8 = 60 we have to find in - radius therefore , area of triangle = s * r . . . . where s = semi - perimeter and r = in - radius now s = semi - perimeter = 19 + 15 + 8 / 2 = 21 thus , 60 = 21 * r and hence r = in - radius = 2.8 option a"
sciq	sciq_01_01498	What kind of compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion?	[ "ionic compounds", "magnetic compounds", "horizontal compounds", "magnetic compounds" ]	A	Ionic compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion.
sciq	sciq_01_04588	What are sudden and dramatic losses of biodiversity called?	[ "normal extinction", "life extinction", "explosive extinction", "mass extinction" ]	D	Figure 21.13 Extinction intensity as reflected in the fossil record has fluctuated throughout Earth’s history. Sudden and dramatic losses of biodiversity, called mass extinctions, have occurred five times.
math_qa	mathqa_03_01608	a person buys an article at $ 800 . at what price should he sell the article so as to make a profit of 12 % ?	[ "896", "890", "990", "789" ]	C	"a 896 cost price = $ 800 profit = 12 % of 800 = $ 96 selling price = cost price + profit = 800 + 96 = 896"
sciq	sciq_01_07668	What law explains why some objects float and some sink.	[ "newton's law", "flanges ' law", "archimedes' law", "montenegrins ' law" ]	C	Archimedes’ law explains why some objects float in fluids even though they are very heavy. It all depends on how much fluid they displace. The cruise ship pictured in the opening image is extremely heavy, yet it stays afloat. If a steel ball with the same weight as the ship were placed in water, it would sink to the bottom. This is modeled in the Figure below . The reason the ball sinks is that its shape is very compact, so it displaces relatively little water. The volume of water displaced by the steel ball weighs less than the ball itself, so the buoyant force is not as great as the force of gravity pulling down on the ball. Thus, the ball sinks.
sciq	sciq_01_05503	Winds moving air masses causes what?	[ "tremors", "earthquake", "weather", "tsunami" ]	C	Global air currents cause global winds. The figure below shows the direction that these winds blow ( Figure below ). Global winds are the prevailing, or usual, winds at a given latitude. The winds move air masses, which causes weather.
openbookqa	obqa_02_04072	When a stick is smashed across the side of an oak, their interiors, on a microscopic level,	[ "enunciate", "quake", "mate", "scream" ]	B	tapping two objects together causes the particles in those objects to vibrate
math_qa	mathqa_03_03779	300 + 5 × 8 = ?	[ "820", "340", "420", "209" ]	B	300 + 5 × 8 = ? or , ? = 300 + 40 = 340 answer b
sciq	sciq_01_04296	What are nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts called?	[ "adulterants", "abundances", "vitamins", "macronutrients" ]	D	Nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts are called macronutrients . They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and water. All macronutrients except water can be used by the body for energy. (The energy in food is measured in a unit called a Calorie . ) The exact amount of each macronutrient that an individual needs depends on many factors, including gender and age. Recommended daily intakes by teens of three macronutrients are shown in Table below . Based on your gender and age, how many grams of proteins should you eat each day?.
sciq	sciq_01_04621	What are the highest clouds in the atmosphere?	[ "nebulous clouds", "silicic clouds", "alto clouds", "noctilucent clouds" ]	D	Noctilucent clouds are the highest clouds in the atmosphere.
math_qa	mathqa_03_01503	a dishonest dealer professes to sell goods at the cost price but uses a weight of 950 grams per kg , what is his percent ?	[ "22 %", "25 %", "77 %", "5.26 %" ]	D	950 - - - 50 100 - - - ? = > 5.26 % answer : d
sciq	sciq_01_10371	In the humoral response, what protein substances help neutralize or eliminate toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph?	[ "platelets", "parasites", "antibodies", "membranes" ]	C
openbookqa	obqa_02_00622	A river can push tin cans down the path of the water because	[ "it has motion", "it is wet", "it is loud", "it is strong" ]	A	flowing liquid can push objects
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00559	Which change in the environment would have a negative effect on the survival of a species in an ecosystem?	[ "increase in the population of prey", "introduction of a competing species", "decrease in the population of predators", "increase in genetic diversity of the species" ]	B	null
sciq	sciq_01_09062	What type of mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain?	[ "amphibians", "apes", "primates", "mammles" ]	C	Primates include monkeys, apes and humans. These mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain.
math_qa	mathqa_03_00397	1 / 4 of all married couples have more than one child . 1 / 5 of all married couples have more than 3 children . what fraction of all married couples have 2 or 3 children ?	[ "1 / 5", "b . 1 / 4", "1 / 20", "3 / 5" ]	C	"plug in simple numbers . take 100 couples for example . 1 / 4 of 100 couples have more than one child = 25 couples . 1 / 5 of 100 couples have more than 3 kids = 20 couples . this implies that 20 couples are a subset of 25 couples and the complement of 25 couples within those 100 couples , which equals 75 couples have either one or no kids at all . we need to find couples that have 2 or 3 kids , so essentially , it is 25 - 20 = 5 . fraction will be 5 / 100 = 1 / 20 . option c"
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01947	Two Barr bodies are seen in -	[ "XXX", "47 XXY", "X0", "46 XXY" ]	A	A number of Barr bodies in a nucleus is less than the number of X-chromosomes. Thus XXX (super-female) has two Barr bodies.
sciq	sciq_01_02697	How many pathways do plants have for carbon fixation?	[ "three", "two", "five", "eleven" ]	A	Plants have evolved three pathways for carbon fixation.
math_qa	mathqa_03_04688	two pipes can fill a tank in 18 minutes and 15 minutes . an outlet pipe can empty the tank in 45 minutes . if all the pipes are opened when the tank is empty , then how many minutes will it take to fill the tank ?	[ "11 minutes", "17 minutes", "18 minutes", "10 minutes" ]	D	"part of the filled by all the three pipes in one minute = 1 / 18 + 1 / 15 - 1 / 45 = ( 5 + 6 - 2 ) / 90 = 9 / 90 = 1 / 10 so , the tank becomes full in 10 minutes . answer : d :"

sciq

sciq_01_01434

About how many days does it take the moon to make one orbit around the earth?

[ "22", "28", "30", "21" ]

B

The Moon does not produce any light of its own. It only reflects light from the Sun. The Moon has phases because it orbits around Earth. One orbit takes about 28 days. As the moon moves around Earth, different parts of it appear to be lit up by the Sun. The Moon sometimes appears fully lit and sometimes completely dark. Sometimes it is partially lit. The different appearances of the Moon are referred to as phases of the Moon ( Figure below ).

sciq

sciq_01_05087

Sister chromatids separate as part of anaphase in what process?

[ "osmosis", "vesicles", "mitosis", "angiogenesis" ]

C

sciq

sciq_01_06150

What is earth's main source of energy?

[ "the sun", "the core", "the moon", "the atmosphere" ]

A

The Sun is Earth’s main source of energy. The Sun gives us both light and heat. The Sun changes hydrogen into helium through nuclear fusion. This releases huge amounts of energy. The energy travels to the Earth mostly as visible light. The energy is carried through the empty space by radiation . We can use sunlight as an energy resource, called solar energy ( Figure above ).

openbookqa

obqa_02_00006

an inherited characteristic found on all mammals is

[ "nails", "teeth", "shoes", "fur" ]

D

the colors of the parts of an organism are inherited characteristics

sciq

sciq_01_09223

When additional water is added to an aqueous solution, what happens to the concentration of that solution?

[ "no change", "doubles", "increases", "decreases" ]

D

When additional water is added to an aqueous solution, the concentration of that solution decreases. This is because the number of moles of the solute does not change, while the volume of the solution increases. We can set up an equality between the moles of the solute before the dilution (1) and the moles of the solute after the dilution (2).

sciq

sciq_01_02914

The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of what?

[ "ability to absorb flow", "adaptability to surroundings", "resistance to change form", "resistance to flow" ]

D

When you pour a glass of water, or fill a car with gasoline, you observe that water and gasoline flow freely. But when you pour syrup on pancakes or add oil to a car engine, you note that syrup and motor oil do not flow as readily. The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow. Water, gasoline, and other liquids that flow freely have a low viscosity. Honey, syrup, motor oil, and other liquids that do not flow freely, like those shown in Figure 10.15, have higher viscosities. We can measure viscosity by measuring the rate at which a metal ball falls through a liquid (the ball falls more slowly through a more viscous liquid) or by measuring the rate at which a liquid flows through a narrow tube (more viscous liquids flow more slowly).

sciq

sciq_01_03696

What is the connection between the two hemispheres of the brain called?

[ "spinal cord", "corpus callosum", "cerebral cortex", "cranial septum" ]

B

Left Brain, Right Brain Popular media often refer to right-brained and left-brained people, as if the brain were two independent halves that work differently for different people. This is a popular misinterpretation of an important neurological phenomenon. As an extreme measure to deal with a debilitating condition, the corpus callosum may be sectioned to overcome intractable epilepsy. When the connections between the two cerebral hemispheres are cut, interesting effects can be observed. If a person with an intact corpus callosum is asked to put their hands in their pockets and describe what is there on the basis of what their hands feel, they might say that they have keys in their right pocket and loose change in the left. They may even be able to count the coins in their pocket and say if they can afford to buy a candy bar from the vending machine. If a person with a sectioned corpus callosum is given the same instructions, they will do something quite peculiar. They will only put their right hand in their pocket and say they have keys there. They will not even move their left hand, much less report that there is loose change in the left pocket. The reason for this is that the language functions of the cerebral cortex are localized to the left hemisphere in 95 percent of the population. Additionally, the left hemisphere is connected to the right side of the body through the corticospinal tract and the ascending tracts of the spinal cord. Motor commands from the precentral gyrus control the opposite side of the body, whereas sensory information processed by the postcentral gyrus is received from the opposite side of the body. For a verbal command to initiate movement of the right arm and hand, the left side of the brain needs to be connected by the corpus callosum. Language is processed in the left side of the brain and directly influences the left brain and right arm motor functions, but is sent to influence the right brain and left arm motor functions through the corpus callosum. Likewise, the left-handed sensory perception of what is in the left pocket travels across the corpus callosum from the right brain, so no verbal report on those contents would be possible if the hand happened to be in the pocket.

sciq

sciq_01_06459

What substances function as a long-term energy store in the human body and possess long carbon chains that prevent dissolving in water?

[ "triglycerides", "nanoparticles", "steroids", "hydrocarbons" ]

A

Triglycerides function as a long-term storage form of energy in the human body. Because of the long carbon chains, triglycerides are nearly nonpolar molecules and thus do not dissolve readily in polar solvents such as water. Instead, oils and fats are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as hexane and ethers.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_01396

In a specimen of kidney, fibrinoid necrosis is seen and onion peel appearance is also present. Most probable pathology is:

[ "Hyaline degeneration", "Hyperplastic aeriosclerosis", "Glomerulosclerosis", "Fibrillary glomerulonephritis" ]

B

Histological alterations characterizing blood vessels in malignant hypeension. ? Hyperplastic aeriosclerosis Fibrinoid necrosis of aerioles: Onion-skinning (concentrically arranged smooth muscle with collagen).

math_qa

mathqa_03_00755

30 buckets of water fill a tank when the capacity of each bucket is 13.5 litres . how many buckets will be required to fill the same tank if the capacity of each bucket is 9 litres ?

[ "30", "32", "45", "data inadequate" ]

C

"capacity of the tank = 30 ã — 13.5 = 405 litres when the capacity of each bucket = 9 litres , then the required no . of buckets = 405 â „ 9 = 45 answer c"

openbookqa

obqa_02_04312

An example of a change in the Earth is when a volcano, resembling a tall mountain, violently explodes and

[ "turns a deep crater into igneous rock and ice", "gushes upward, revealing mounds of snow", "drops downward, becoming a huge lake of lava", "fills a deep crater with very hot water" ]

C

An example of a change in the Earth is an ocean becoming a wooded area

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00535

Biotin is a coenzyme for:

[ "Pyruvate dehydrogenase", "Pyruvate carboxylase", "PEP carboxylase", "Glutamate pyruvate transaminase" ]

B

Ans. B. Pyruvate carboxylaseBiotin is required as a co-enzyme of carboxylation reactions. Pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate.

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00682

A negatively-charged ion has

[ "a heavier nucleus.", "a greater atomic mass.", "more electrons than protons.", "more electrons than neutrons." ]

C

null

sciq

sciq_01_04914

Modern taxonomy is based on many hypotheses' of the evolutionary history of organisms, known as this?

[ "pathogeny", "algorithm", "phylogeny", "cladistic" ]

C

22.0.6 Phylogeny, Cladistics & Cladogram Modern taxonomy is based on many hypotheses' of the evolutionary history of organisms, known as phylogeny. As with the Scientific Method, scientists develop a hypothesis on the history of an animal and utilise modern science and technology to prove the phylogeny. Cladistics is a classification system which is based on phylogeny. Expanding on phylogeny, cladistics is based on the assumption that each group of related species has one common ancestor and would therefore retain some ancestral characteristics. Moreover, as these related species evolve and diverge from their common ancestor, they would develop unique characteristics. Such characteristics are known as derived characteristics The principles of phylogeny and cladistics can be expressed visually as a cladogram, a branching diagram which acts as a family (phylogenetic) tree for similar species. A cladogram can also be used to test alternative hypotheses for an animal's phylogeny. In order to determine the most likely cladogram, the derived characteristics of similar species are matched and analysed.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00331

Which of the following is seen in iridodialysis: September 2009

[ "Biocular diplopia", "Degenerative condition", "Iris is torn away from its ciliary attachment", "Normal pupil" ]

C

Ans. C: Iris is torn away from its ciliary attachment In iridodialysis there is rupture of the iris at its iris root and it frequently occurs following blunt trauma or penetrating injuries to the globe. Clinical features: A. Symptoms: Minimal with small iridodialyses With larger iridodyalises, patients may experience double pupil effect, monocular diplopia, glare and phophobia B. Signs: Commonly associated with hyphema and an irregular pupil (D-shaped pupil) May be single or multiple, small or extensive radially Damage of the trabecular meshwork and peripheral anterior synechiae may cause 10P elevation C. Management: Bed rest and observation. Sunglasses, tinted contact lenses or those with aificial pupil may help reduce the symptoms. Surgical repair may be considered in cases of large dialyses or persistent monocular diplopia

sciq

sciq_01_09847

When matter reacts, there can be what that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for?

[ "bonds", "mass", "combustions", "concentrations" ]

B

When matter reacts, there can be mass that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for.

sciq

sciq_01_01784

What have approximately the same mass as protons but no charge?

[ "atoms", "electrons", "neutrons", "reactions" ]

C

Neutrons have approximately the same mass as protons but no charge. They are electrically neutral. The mass of a proton or a neutron is about 1836 times greater than the mass of an electron. Protons and neutrons constitute by far the bulk of the mass of atoms. The discovery of the electron and the proton was crucial to the development of the modern model of the atom and provides an excellent case study in the application of the scientific method. In fact, the elucidation of the atom’s structure is one of the greatest detective stories in the history of science.

openbookqa

obqa_02_03459

Science fact: as the sale of a product decreases , the amount of money made by the person selling that product will decrease. However, sales could possibly grow with

[ "bad press", "eclipse", "price increases", "advertising" ]

D

as the sale of a product decreases , the amount of money made by the person selling that product will decrease

math_qa

mathqa_03_02210

ifaequals the sum of the even integers from 2 to 40 , inclusive , andbequals the sum of the odd integers from 1 to 39 , inclusive , what is the value of a - b ?

[ "1", "10", "19", "20" ]

D

this is a solution from beatthegmat : even numbers : ( 40 - 2 ) / 2 + 1 = 20 even integers . ( 40 + 2 ) / 2 = 21 is the average of the even set . sum = avg * ( # of elements ) = 21 * 20 = 420 = a odd numbers : ( 39 - 1 ) / 2 + 1 = 20 odd integers . ( 39 + 1 ) / 2 = 20 is the average of the odd set . sum = avg * ( # of elements ) = 20 * 20 = 400 = b a - b = 420 - 400 = 20 . answer : d

math_qa

mathqa_03_03683

what is the maximum number r of 27 cubic centimetre cubes that can fit in a rectangular box measuring 8 centimetre x 9 centimetre x 12 centimetre ?

[ "36'", "32'", "24'", "21'" ]

C

27 cubic centimetre cubes gives side = 3 cm so if : l * w * h is 9 * 12 * 8 , then max . cube we can have are 3 * 4 * 2 = 24 l * w * h is 9 * 8 * 12 , then max . cube we can have are 3 * 2 * 4 = 24 l * w * h is 12 * 8 * 9 , then max . cube we can have are 4 * 2 * 3 = 24 l * w * h is 12 * 9 * 8 , then max . cube we can have are 4 * 3 * 2 = 24 l * w * h is 8 * 12 * 9 , then max . cube we can have are 2 * 4 * 3 = 24 l * w * h is 8 * 9 * 12 , then max . cube we can have are 2 * 3 * 4 = 24 in all cases we get r = 24 cubes . ans . c

openbookqa

obqa_02_02344

Converting electricity into different types of energy may be done by

[ "rocks", "folding chairs", "squirrels", "DVD players" ]

D

electrical devices convert electricity into other forms of energy

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_01471

Digoxin is not indicated in:

[ "Atrial flutter", "Atrial fibrillation", "High output failure", "PSVT" ]

C

Ans. (C) High output failure(Ref: KDT 8th/e p560, 561)Digitalis is an inotropic agent that is indicated when heart is not able to pump the blood adequately. High output failure is seen in conditions like anemia and thyrotoxicosis in which heart is already contracting vigorously. Cardiac glycosides, thus are not indicated in high output failure.

openbookqa

obqa_02_00060

A woman is digging under a tree on a tall mountain. She is looking for interesting rocks, and a foot down into the soil, discovers a fossilized fish skeleton. From this discovery, the woman is able to determine that

[ "the mountain used to be underwater", "some bears in mountains eat fish", "some fish can climb mountains", "sometimes rain can move fish to high spaces" ]

A

if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past

ARC-Easy

arc_04_01096

The abundance of a mineral at the surface of Earth most likely depends upon the

[ "climate of a particular region.", "types of elements available in the crust.", "thicknesses of nearby rock layers.", "exposure of the elements to the environment." ]

B

null

sciq

sciq_01_07479

Water leaves ponds and lakes through evaporation and also as what?

[ "inflow", "mid flow", "outflow", "influx" ]

C

Ponds and lakes may get their water from several sources. Some falls directly into them as precipitation. Some enters as runoff and some from streams and rivers. Water leaves ponds and lakes through evaporation and also as outflow.

sciq

sciq_01_11287

The explosion of nitroglycerin, which releases large volumes of gases, is what type of reaction?

[ "energetic", "exothermic", "exponential", "endothermic" ]

B

The explosion of nitroglycerin releases large volumes of gases and is very exothermic.

sciq

sciq_01_10357

Ionic compounds contain cations and anions rather than what?

[ "characterized neutral molecules", "discrete neutral molecules", "positive molecules", "analogous neutral molecules" ]

B

Note the Pattern Ionic compounds contain both cations and anions in a ratio that results in zero electrical charge. In covalent compounds, electrons are shared between bonded atoms and are simultaneously attracted to more than one nucleus. In contrast, ionic compounds contain cations and anions rather than discrete neutral molecules. Ionic compounds are held together by the attractive electrostatic interactions between cations and anions. In an ionic compound, the cations and anions are arranged in space to form an extended three-dimensional array that maximizes the number of attractive electrostatic interactions and minimizes the number of repulsive electrostatic interactions (Figure 2.5 "Covalent and Ionic Bonding"). As shown in Equation 2.1, the electrostatic energy of the interaction between two charged particles is proportional to the product of the charges on the particles and inversely proportional to the distance between them: Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.

math_qa

mathqa_03_03019

a , b and c can do a piece of work in 9 days , 14 days and 28 days respectively . how long will they taken , if all the three work together ?

[ "4.12 days", "4.52 days", "3.52 days", "2.52 days" ]

B

1 / 9 + 1 / 14 + 1 / 28 = 55 / 252 = > 252 / 55 days = > 4.52 days answer : b

openbookqa

obqa_02_02794

which of these could result in a person reaching their destination late?

[ "a clear road path", "a dry clear road", "a road full of ice", "a road without hills" ]

C

skidding causes speed to decrease

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_02214

Which of the following explanations is not an explanation for decreased variability of the fetal hea tracing?

[ "Fetal\"sleep state\"", "Prematurity", "Barbiturate ingestion", "Fetal stimulation" ]

D

The external sound stimulates the fetus provoking fetal hea rate acceleration in cases thought be nonreactive.This is termed stale response refer pgno:510 sheila textbook of obstetrics

openbookqa

obqa_02_00834

What would be easier to burn?

[ "A park bench", "A silver spoon", "Tupperware", "An Airplane" ]

A

dry wood easily burns

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_04719

One of your staff nurse had a deep prick from the needle used to inject an HIV positive individual. What is the treatment regime that should be staed in her/him? Note that drug resistance was suspected in the HIV patient. \r\n

[ "2 NIs for 3 months", "1 NI and 1 NtI for 28 days", "2 NIs + 1 protease inhibitor for 28 days", "2 protease inhibitor + 2 NtIs for 3 months" ]

C

In this scenario ARVs should be initiated as soon as possible and no later than 72 hours. It should include 2 NI drugs. If drug resistance is suspected a protease inhibitor should also be added. The duration of treatment is 28 days. If the blood sample drawn from the exposed person is HIV negative at the time of exposure, the test should be repeated at 3 and 6 months. Ref: Park, Edition 21, Page - 328

openbookqa

obqa_02_03540

An animals brain controls what?

[ "said organism", "others", "plants", "fauna" ]

A

an animal 's brain controls that animal

sciq

sciq_01_09985

What helps us see rainbows in the sky?

[ "myopia", "spectral light", "visible light", "prism" ]

C

We can see rainbows because they are formed by visible light. Visible light includes all the wavelengths of light that the human eye can detect. It allows us to see objects in the world around us. Without visible light, we would only be able to sense most objects by sound or touch, and we would never see rainbows. Like humans, most other organisms also depend on visible light, either directly or indirectly. Many animals use it to see. All plants use it to make food in the process of photosynthesis. Without the food made by plants, most other organisms could not survive.

openbookqa

obqa_02_04580

All of the following contain chloroplasts but this

[ "rose bushes", "sea anemones", "seaweed", "algae" ]

B

a plant cell contains chloroplasts

math_qa

mathqa_03_02752

he average weight of 8 persons increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of them weighing 65 kg . what might be the weight of the new person ?

[ "75 kg", "55 kg", "45 kg", "85 kg" ]

D

explanation : total weight increased = ( 8 x 2.5 ) kg = 20 kg . weight of new person = ( 65 + 20 ) kg = 85 kg . answer : d

openbookqa

obqa_02_02871

Natural resources come from nature, so if humans are reckless when working with nature, the amount of resources will

[ "go down", "laugh", "go up", "fly away" ]

A

nature is the source of natural resources

sciq

sciq_01_10823

What map shows the locations of several genes on the x chromosome?

[ "The allelic map", "The genomic map", "the linkage map", "the component map" ]

C

Linkage Map for the Human X Chromosome. This linkage map shows the locations of several genes on the X chromosome. Some of the genes code for normal proteins. Others code for abnormal proteins that lead to genetic disorders. Which pair of genes would you expect to have a lower frequency of crossing-over: the genes that code for hemophilia A and G6PD deficiency, or the genes that code for protan and Xm?.

sciq

sciq_01_02231

What organism carries out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration?

[ "metabolites", "obligate anaerobes", "aerobicc enzymes", "aldehydes" ]

B

sciq

sciq_01_05396

Which property changes when a glass breaks?

[ "Chemical", "State", "density", "its physical property" ]

D

When glass breaks, its physical properties change. Instead of one solid sheet of glass, it now has holes and cracks.

math_qa

mathqa_03_03807

one night a certain hotel rented 2 / 3 of its rooms , including 2 / 3 of their air conditioned rooms . if 3 / 5 of its rooms were air conditioned , what percent of the rooms that were not rented were air conditioned ?

[ "50 %", "60 %", "65 %", "70 %" ]

B

"the rooms which were not rented is 1 / 3 the ac rooms which were not rented is ( 1 / 3 ) * ( 3 / 5 ) = 1 / 5 the percentage of unrented rooms which were ac rooms is ( 1 / 5 ) / ( 1 / 3 ) = 3 / 5 = 60 % the answer is b ."

sciq

sciq_01_01892

What field of study is called the language of science?

[ "linguistics", "mathematics", "physics", "logic" ]

B

The field of science has gotten so big that it is common to separate it into more specific fields. First, there is mathematics, the language of science. All scientific fields use mathematics to express themselves—some more than others. Physics and astronomy are scientific fields concerned with the fundamental interactions between matter and energy. Chemistry, as defined previously, is the study of the interactions of matter with other matter and with energy. Biology is the study of living organisms, while geology is the study of the earth. Other sciences can be named as well. Understand that these fields are not always completely separate; the boundaries between scientific fields are not always readily apparent. Therefore, a scientist may be labeled a biochemist if he or she studies the chemistry of biological organisms. Finally, understand that science can be either qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative implies a description of the quality of an object. For example, physical properties are generally qualitative descriptions: sulfur is yellow, your math book is heavy, or that statue is pretty. A quantitative description represents the specific amount of something; it means knowing how much of something is present, usually by counting or measuring it. As such, some quantitative descriptions would include 25 students in a class, 650 pages in a book, or a velocity of 66 miles per hour. Quantitative expressions are very important in science; they are also very important in chemistry.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_04019

Supra omohyoid dissection is one variety of

[ "Selective neck dissection", "Modified radical neck dissection", "Radical neck dissection", "Posterolateral dissection" ]

A

Ans. (a) Selective neck dissectionRef: Bailey- 26th edition Page 720* Supraomohyoid neck dissection involves removal of neck nodes at level 1,2,3.* It is done for No neck node palpable cases and for some cases of N1.* Extended Omohyoid Neck dissection removes - Level 1,2,3 and 4 nodes.

math_qa

mathqa_03_01758

in a graduating class , 40 percent of the students are male . in this class , 50 percent of the male students and 40 percent of the female students are 25 years old or older . if one student in the class is randomly selected , approximately what is the probability that he or she will be less than 25 years old ?

[ "0.44", "0.5", "0.56", "0.62" ]

C

"let x be the total number of students . the number students who are younger than 25 is 0.5 * 0.4 x + 0.6 * 0.6 x = 0.56 x the answer is c ."

openbookqa

obqa_02_03571

You can see an electrical circuit in motion when

[ "drinking water", "making toast", "holding hands", "eating carrots" ]

B

when an electrical circuit is working properly , electrical current runs through the wires in that circuit

math_qa

mathqa_03_01010

the figure above shows the dimensions of a semicircular cross section of a one - way tunnel . the single traffic lane is 12 feet wide and is equidistant from the sides of the tunnel . if vehicles must clear the top of the tunnel by at least ½ foot when they are inside the traffic lane , what should be the limit h on the height of vehicles that are allowed to use the tunnel ?

[ "5 ½ ft", "7 ½ ft", "8 ½ ft", "9 ½ ft" ]

B

"let ' s label the midpoint of the circle o . since the base of the semi - circle is 20 , we know that the diameter is 20 and , accordingly , the radius is 10 . we also know that the traffic lane is 12 feet long and there ' s an equal amount of space on either side , so the traffic lane extends 6 feet on either side of o . let ' s call the leftmost point on the base of the traffic lane a . so , the distance oa is 6 . now draw a line straight up from a to the top of the tunnel . let ' s label the point at which the line intersects the circle b . the answer to the question will , therefore , be the height ab - . 5 feet ( we need to leave . 5 feet of clearance ) . here ' s the key to solving the question : if we draw a line from o to b , that line is a radius of the circle and , therefore , has length 10 . we now have right triangle oab ( the right angle is at point a ) , with leg oa = 6 and hypotenuse ob = 10 . we can now solve for leg ab = 8 ( either by applying the pythagorean theorum or by applying the 3 / 4 / 5 special right triangle ratio ) . finally : ab = 8 , so the correct answer h is 8 - . 5 = 7.5 . . . choose ( b ) ! from a strategic guessing point of view , as soon as we realize that the height of the tunnel is 10 in the middle , we should quickly eliminate ( d ) and ( e ) as too big ; worse case you have a 1 / 3 shot at picking up the points . b"

sciq

sciq_01_09366

According to rutherford, where is the vast majority of the mass of an atom located?

[ "the cytoplasm", "the shell", "the electrons", "the nucleus" ]

D

Rutherford’s experiment showed that the vast majority of the mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus, which is composed of protons and neutrons. The mass of an electron is very small compared to the mass of a neutron or proton, so the electrons in an element do not contribute much to the total mass. The mass number is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Remember that both protons and neutrons have a mass of approximately 1 amu. Knowing the mass number and the atomic number of an atom therefore allows you to determine the number of neutrons present in that atom by subtraction:.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_01502

Specific for albinism -

[ "Red reflex", "Decreased visual activity", "Photophobia", "Nystagmus" ]

A

Ocular albinism is a genetic condition that primarily affects the eyes. This condition reduces the coloring (pigmentation) of the iris, which is the colored pa of the eye, and the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Pigmentation in the eye is essential for normal vision. A common myth is that people withalbinism have red eyes. Although lighting conditions can allow the blood vessels at the back of the eye to be seen, which can cause the eyes to look reddish or violet, most people with albinism have blue eyes, and some have hazel or brown eyes.

math_qa

mathqa_03_03266

a gambler bought $ 4,000 worth of chips at a casino in denominations of $ 20 and $ 100 . that evening , the gambler lost 16 chips , and then cashed in the remainder . if the number of $ 20 chips lost was 2 more or 2 less than the number of $ 100 chips lost , what is the largest amount of money that the gambler could have received back ?

[ "$ 2,040", "$ 2,120", "$ 1,960", "$ 3,120" ]

D

"in order to maximize the amount of money that the gambler kept , we should maximize # of $ 20 chips lost and minimize # of $ 100 chips lost , which means that # of $ 20 chips lost must be 2 more than # of $ 100 chips lost . so , if # of $ 20 chips lost is x then # of $ 100 chips lost should be x - 2 . now , given that total # of chips lost is 16 : x + x - 2 = 16 - - > x = 9 : 9 $ 20 chips were lost and 9 - 2 = 7 $ 100 chips were lost . total worth of chips lost is 9 * 20 + 7 * 100 = $ 880 , so the gambler kept $ 4,000 - $ 880 = $ 3,120 . answer : d"

sciq

sciq_01_08190

What do you call the metal elements listed below the periodic table?

[ "shift metals", "transition metals", "process metals", "rare metals" ]

B

Transition metals include the elements that are placed below the periodic table. Those that follow lanthanum (La) are called lanthanides. They are all shiny, relatively reactive metals. Those that follow Actinium (Ac) are called actinides. They are all radioactive metals. This means they are unstable. They break down into different, more stable elements. You can read more about radioactive elements in the chapter Nuclear Chemistry . Many of the actinides do not occur in nature but are made in laboratories.

math_qa

mathqa_03_02188

there are 8 students . 4 of them are men and 4 of them are women . if 4 students are selected from the 8 students . what is the probability that the number of men is equal to that of women ?

[ "18 / 35", "16 / 35", "14 / 35", "13 / 35" ]

A

men = women means 2 men 2 women total such combinations = 4 c 2 * 4 c 2 = 4 ! / 2 ! . 2 ! * 4 ! / 2 ! . 2 ! = 6 * 6 total combinations = 8 c 4 = 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 / 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 70 so probability = 36 / 70 = 18 / 35 hence a

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00863

Helsinki declaration deals with ?

[ "MTP", "Human organ transplantation", "Capital punishment", "Human experimentation" ]

D

Ans. is 'd' i.e., Human experimentation The Declaration of Helsinki is a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed for the medical community by the World Medical Association. It is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics The Declaration is morally binding on physicians, and that obligation overrides any national or local laws or regulations, if the Declaration provides for a higher standard of protection of humans than the latter. Investigators still have to abide by local legislation but will be held to the higher standard.

sciq

sciq_01_03708

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus but instead generally have a single chromosome, a piece of double-stranded dna located in an area of the cell called the what?

[ "lysosome", "cytoplasm", "spicule", "nucleoid" ]

D

The Prokaryotic Cell Recall that prokaryotes (Figure 22.10) are unicellular organisms that lack organelles or other internal membrane-bound structures. Therefore, they do not have a nucleus but instead generally have a single chromosome—a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA located in an area of the cell called the nucleoid. Most prokaryotes have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane.

ARC-Easy

arc_04_01137

When a formula unit of magnesium sulfide, MgS, is separated into magnesium and sulfur particles, the particles are called

[ "molecules.", "ions.", "isotopes.", "compounds." ]

B

null

openbookqa

obqa_02_00454

After a wildfire, the surviving creatures need to

[ "find new homes", "dig for food", "reproduce", "fight for leadership" ]

A

if a habitat can no longer support animals then those animals will move to another area

sciq

sciq_01_04352

Passive immunity arises from the transfer of what to an individual, without requiring them to mount their own active immune response?

[ "bacteria", "parasites", "viruses", "antibodies" ]

D

Passive immunity arises from the transfer of antibodies to an individual without requiring them to mount their own active immune response. Naturally acquired passive immunity is seen during fetal development. IgG is transferred from the maternal circulation to the fetus via the placenta, protecting the fetus from infection and protecting the newborn for the first few months of its life. As already stated, a newborn benefits from the IgA antibodies it obtains from milk during breastfeeding. The fetus and newborn thus benefit from the immunological memory of the mother to the pathogens to which she has been exposed. In medicine, artificially acquired passive immunity usually involves injections of immunoglobulins, taken from animals previously exposed to a specific pathogen. This treatment is a fast-acting method of temporarily protecting an individual who was possibly exposed to a pathogen. The downside to both types of passive immunity is the lack of the development of immunological memory. Once the antibodies are transferred, they are effective for only a limited time before they degrade.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00933

ATT causing orange colour urine is -

[ "Rifampicin", "Isoniazid", "Ethambutol", "Pyrazinamide" ]

A

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rifampicin Adverse effects of Rifampicin o Intermittent dosing in Rif. ampicin i.e., (Less than twice weekly either as a pa of regimen or through poor compliance) promotes ceain effects which are Flu like syndrome (chills, fever headache, malaise wheezing) Thrombocytopenia Acute hemolytic anaemia Abdominal syndrome Acute renal failure sometimes with hemolysis Cutaneous syndrome These adverse reactions usually does not require drug withdrawl. o Other adverse effects of Rifampicin which are dose related Hepatitis Respiratory syndrome Urine and secretions may become orange red but this is harmless.

openbookqa

obqa_02_01607

Several batteries placed into a radio will make sound after first using

[ "solar energy", "wind energy", "chemical energy", "elbow grease" ]

C

a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy

sciq

sciq_01_07064

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward what?

[ "extremities", "brain", "lung", "heart" ]

D

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. This blood is no longer under much pressure, so many veins have valves that prevent backflow of blood. Veins generally carry deoxygenated blood. The largest vein is the inferior vena cava, which carries blood from the lower body to the heart.

ARC-Challenge

arc_04_02473

All animals need food to survive. Immediately after an animal eats food, the food is

[ "stored for later use", "converted into waste", "transported by the bloodstream", "digested into simpler substances" ]

D

null

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_04599

Which of the following binds to the Tyrosine kinase receptor?

[ "LH", "Insulin", "TSH", "TRH" ]

B

Hormones That Use Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Growth hormone Insulin Leptin Prolactin Growth factors

sciq

sciq_01_04875

Which organ's diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes?

[ "heart", "lungs", "kidney", "pancreas" ]

C

Kidney diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes. Kidney failure may be treated with dialysis.

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00050

The floating arrow on a compass always points towards the

[ "west.", "east.", "south.", "north." ]

D

null

sciq

sciq_01_03379

What is given off from plants and taken in by animals?

[ "oxygen", "nitrogen", "methane", "sulfur" ]

A

openbookqa

obqa_02_03215

Which of the following reasons would an angler fish use a light?

[ "attracting researchers", "attracting humans", "attracting predators", "attracting sardines" ]

D

producing light is used for attracting prey by some deep sea animals

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_01393

Transfer of drug resistance is staphylococcus is by

[ "Transduction", "Transformation", "Conjugation", "Transfection" ]

A

Beta-lactamase-mediated: this is mediated through the production of beta-lactamase or penicillinase, which inactivates penicillin by splitting the beta-lactam ring. these are inducible enzymes which are plasmid-mediated.they can be transmitted by transduction or conjugation. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology; Ananthanarayanan and Panicker; Tenth Edition; Page No: 202

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00609

Which function is performed at similarly structured sites in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

[ "protein synthesis", "packaging and transport of proteins", "storage of genetic material", "release of energy from storage forms" ]

A

null

math_qa

mathqa_03_01439

carol and jordan draw rectangles of equal area . if carol ' s rectangle measures 5 inches by 24 inches and jordan ' s rectangle is 2 inches long , how wide is jordan ' s rectangle , in inches ?

[ "65", "63", "52", "60" ]

D

"area of carol ' s rectangle = 24 * 5 = 120 let width of jordan ' s rectangle = w since , the areas are equal 2 w = 120 = > w = 60 answer d"

math_qa

mathqa_03_01930

a bowl contains equal numbers of red , orange , green , blue , and yellow candies . kaz eats all of the green candies and half of the orange ones . next , he eats half of the remaining pieces of each color . finally , he eats red and yellow candies in equal proportions until the total number of remaining candies of all colors equals 32 % of the original number . what percent of the red candies remain ?

[ "27.5 %", "33.3 %", "35.5 %", "42.5 %" ]

D

"let x be the original number of each color so there are a total of 5 x candies . kaz eats all of the green candies and half of the orange ones . there are 0 green candies and 0.5 x orange candies remaining . he eats half of the remaining pieces of each color . there are 0.25 x orange candies , and 0.5 x each of red , yellow , and blue candies . he eats red and yellow candies in equal proportions . orange + blue + red + yellow = 0.75 x + red + yellow = 1.6 x red + yellow = 0.85 x red = 0.425 x , since red = yellow . the answer is d ."

openbookqa

obqa_02_01333

The diaphragms in the microphone and speaker convert sound energy into

[ "light energy", "low voltage electricity", "back message", "heat energy" ]

B

telephones convert sound energy into electrical energy

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_04963

Primary biliary cirrhosis is most commonly associated with______

[ "Systemic sclerosis", "Sjogren syndrome", "Ulcerative colitis", "Pancreatitis" ]

B

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Autoimmune disorder Clinical manifestation - obstructive jaundice F > M Antibody seen in antimitochondrial ab which is formed against E2 subunit of PDH enzyme. Interlobular bile ducts are actively destroyed by lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with or without granulomas.

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00917

Some birds fly south before winter each year. This is an example of

[ "migration", "hibernation", "germination", "evaporation" ]

A

null

sciq

sciq_01_00917

Alkaline earth metals are what color?

[ "black", "silvery grey", "white", "reddish orange" ]

B

The alkaline Earth metals include all the elements in group 2 (see Figure below ). These metals have just two valence electrons, so they are very reactive, although not quite as reactive as the alkali metals. In nature, they are always found combined with other elements. Alkaline Earth metals are silvery grey in color. They are harder and denser than the alkali metals. All are solids at room temperature.

ARC-Challenge

arc_04_02837

A student stands on a scale, and the scale reads 85 pounds. What is being measured by the scale?

[ "the force of gravity acting on the student", "the air pressure surrounding the student", "the mass of the student", "the volume of the student" ]

A

null

sciq

sciq_01_02383

What is type of sugar is produced through photosynthesis?

[ "glucose", "carbohydrates", "glutamate", "insulin" ]

A

The energy of the sun is first captured by producers ( Figure below ), organisms that can make their own food. Many producers make their own food through the process of photosynthesis . The "food" the producers make is the sugar, glucose . Producers make food for the rest of the ecosystem. As energy is not recycled, energy must consistently be captured by producers. This energy is then passed on to the organisms that eat the producers, and then to the organisms that eat those organisms, and so on.

openbookqa

obqa_02_03794

To have a positive impact of the environment

[ "use Styrofoam plates and bowls", "use more paper towels", "drive a car that guzzles gas", "salvage plastic bottles instead of throwing them away" ]

D

conserving resources has a positive impact on the environment

sciq

sciq_01_09224

How many chambers does a mammalian heart have?

[ "five", "three", "one", "four" ]

D

The four-chambered mammalian heart can pump blood in two different directions. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The left side of the heart pumps blood containing oxygen to the rest of the body. Because of the dual pumping action of the heart, all of the blood going to body cells is rich in oxygen.

sciq

sciq_01_04257

What theory goes beyond classical mechanics to describe the behavior of near-light-speed objects?

[ "special relativity", "normal relativity", "spacial relativity", "simple relativity" ]

A

A great many experiments have been performed to test the predictions of special relativity. No contradictions have been found. Scientists have therefore accepted special relativity as an accurate description of nature. When the relative velocities of objects are considerably less than the speed of light, the formulas for relativistic time, length, and mass all reduce to the classical formulas. It is required that the two theories correspond where they overlap at speeds much less than . Special relativity does not contradict classical mechanics. Rather, it is a more general theory needed for object speeds approaching the speed of light.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00924

Onychomycosis is most commonly caused by -

[ "Trichophyton rubrum", "Trichophyton mentagrophytes", "Epidermatophyton floccosum", "Candida" ]

A

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Trichophyton rubrum Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis)o Tinea unguium is dermatophvtic infection of fingers and toe nails. Most common causative species is T-rubrum. Toe nails are more commonly involved. T. Unguium may be of two types : -Distal subungal onychomycosis : - This is most common type offungal infection of nail (90%). It starts at the distal edge of the nail plate and slowly growrs inwards to involve entire nail plate.Proximal Subungal onychomycosis : - Starts at the base of nail and slowly involves the entire nail plate.

sciq

sciq_01_02753

What is the arrangement of a t-tubule with the membranes of sr on either side called?

[ "aracnid", "triad", "orchid", "acid" ]

B

As the membrane depolarizes, another set of ion channels called voltage-gated sodium channels are triggered to open. Sodium ions enter the muscle fiber, and an action potential rapidly spreads (or “fires”) along the entire membrane to initiate excitation-contraction coupling. Things happen very quickly in the world of excitable membranes (just think about how quickly you can snap your fingers as soon as you decide to do it). Immediately following depolarization of the membrane, it repolarizes, re-establishing the negative membrane potential. Meanwhile, the ACh in the synaptic cleft is degraded by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) so that the ACh cannot rebind to a receptor and reopen its channel, which would cause unwanted extended muscle excitation and contraction. Propagation of an action potential along the sarcolemma is the excitation portion of excitation-contraction coupling. Recall that this excitation actually triggers the release of calcium ions (Ca++) from its storage in the cell’s SR. For the action potential to reach the membrane of the SR, there are periodic invaginations in the sarcolemma, called T-tubules (“T” stands for “transverse”). You will recall that the diameter of a muscle fiber can be up to 100 μm, so these T-tubules ensure that the membrane can get close to the SR in the sarcoplasm. The arrangement of a T-tubule with the membranes of SR on either side is called a triad (Figure 10.7). The triad surrounds the cylindrical structure called a myofibril, which contains actin and myosin.

ARC-Challenge

arc_04_02711

A baby horse will inherit all of these traits from its parents except

[ "height.", "weight.", "coat color.", "preferred food." ]

D

null

math_qa

mathqa_03_01664

what is the measure of the radius of the circle inscribed in a triangle whose sides measure 8 , 15 and 19 units ?

[ "2.8 units", "6 units", "3 units", "5 units" ]

A

"sides are 8 , 15 and 19 . . . thus it is right angle triangle since 19 ^ 2 = 8 ^ 2 + 15 ^ 2 therefore , area = 1 / 2 * 15 * 8 = 60 we have to find in - radius therefore , area of triangle = s * r . . . . where s = semi - perimeter and r = in - radius now s = semi - perimeter = 19 + 15 + 8 / 2 = 21 thus , 60 = 21 * r and hence r = in - radius = 2.8 option a"

sciq

sciq_01_01498

What kind of compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion?

[ "ionic compounds", "magnetic compounds", "horizontal compounds", "magnetic compounds" ]

A

Ionic compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion.

sciq

sciq_01_04588

What are sudden and dramatic losses of biodiversity called?

[ "normal extinction", "life extinction", "explosive extinction", "mass extinction" ]

D

Figure 21.13 Extinction intensity as reflected in the fossil record has fluctuated throughout Earth’s history. Sudden and dramatic losses of biodiversity, called mass extinctions, have occurred five times.

math_qa

mathqa_03_01608

a person buys an article at $ 800 . at what price should he sell the article so as to make a profit of 12 % ?

[ "896", "890", "990", "789" ]

C

"a 896 cost price = $ 800 profit = 12 % of 800 = $ 96 selling price = cost price + profit = 800 + 96 = 896"

sciq

sciq_01_07668

What law explains why some objects float and some sink.

[ "newton's law", "flanges ' law", "archimedes' law", "montenegrins ' law" ]

C

Archimedes’ law explains why some objects float in fluids even though they are very heavy. It all depends on how much fluid they displace. The cruise ship pictured in the opening image is extremely heavy, yet it stays afloat. If a steel ball with the same weight as the ship were placed in water, it would sink to the bottom. This is modeled in the Figure below . The reason the ball sinks is that its shape is very compact, so it displaces relatively little water. The volume of water displaced by the steel ball weighs less than the ball itself, so the buoyant force is not as great as the force of gravity pulling down on the ball. Thus, the ball sinks.

sciq

sciq_01_05503

Winds moving air masses causes what?

[ "tremors", "earthquake", "weather", "tsunami" ]

C

Global air currents cause global winds. The figure below shows the direction that these winds blow ( Figure below ). Global winds are the prevailing, or usual, winds at a given latitude. The winds move air masses, which causes weather.

openbookqa

obqa_02_04072

When a stick is smashed across the side of an oak, their interiors, on a microscopic level,

[ "enunciate", "quake", "mate", "scream" ]

B

tapping two objects together causes the particles in those objects to vibrate

math_qa

mathqa_03_03779

300 + 5 × 8 = ?

[ "820", "340", "420", "209" ]

B

300 + 5 × 8 = ? or , ? = 300 + 40 = 340 answer b

sciq

sciq_01_04296

What are nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts called?

[ "adulterants", "abundances", "vitamins", "macronutrients" ]

D

Nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts are called macronutrients . They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and water. All macronutrients except water can be used by the body for energy. (The energy in food is measured in a unit called a Calorie . ) The exact amount of each macronutrient that an individual needs depends on many factors, including gender and age. Recommended daily intakes by teens of three macronutrients are shown in Table below . Based on your gender and age, how many grams of proteins should you eat each day?.

sciq

sciq_01_04621

What are the highest clouds in the atmosphere?

[ "nebulous clouds", "silicic clouds", "alto clouds", "noctilucent clouds" ]

D

Noctilucent clouds are the highest clouds in the atmosphere.

math_qa

mathqa_03_01503

a dishonest dealer professes to sell goods at the cost price but uses a weight of 950 grams per kg , what is his percent ?

[ "22 %", "25 %", "77 %", "5.26 %" ]

D

950 - - - 50 100 - - - ? = > 5.26 % answer : d

sciq

sciq_01_10371

In the humoral response, what protein substances help neutralize or eliminate toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph?

[ "platelets", "parasites", "antibodies", "membranes" ]

C

openbookqa

obqa_02_00622

A river can push tin cans down the path of the water because

[ "it has motion", "it is wet", "it is loud", "it is strong" ]

A

flowing liquid can push objects

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00559

Which change in the environment would have a negative effect on the survival of a species in an ecosystem?

[ "increase in the population of prey", "introduction of a competing species", "decrease in the population of predators", "increase in genetic diversity of the species" ]

B

null

sciq

sciq_01_09062

What type of mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain?

[ "amphibians", "apes", "primates", "mammles" ]

C

Primates include monkeys, apes and humans. These mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain.

math_qa

mathqa_03_00397

1 / 4 of all married couples have more than one child . 1 / 5 of all married couples have more than 3 children . what fraction of all married couples have 2 or 3 children ?

[ "1 / 5", "b . 1 / 4", "1 / 20", "3 / 5" ]

C

"plug in simple numbers . take 100 couples for example . 1 / 4 of 100 couples have more than one child = 25 couples . 1 / 5 of 100 couples have more than 3 kids = 20 couples . this implies that 20 couples are a subset of 25 couples and the complement of 25 couples within those 100 couples , which equals 75 couples have either one or no kids at all . we need to find couples that have 2 or 3 kids , so essentially , it is 25 - 20 = 5 . fraction will be 5 / 100 = 1 / 20 . option c"

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_01947

Two Barr bodies are seen in -

[ "XXX", "47 XXY", "X0", "46 XXY" ]

A

A number of Barr bodies in a nucleus is less than the number of X-chromosomes. Thus XXX (super-female) has two Barr bodies.

sciq

sciq_01_02697

How many pathways do plants have for carbon fixation?

[ "three", "two", "five", "eleven" ]

A

Plants have evolved three pathways for carbon fixation.

math_qa

mathqa_03_04688

two pipes can fill a tank in 18 minutes and 15 minutes . an outlet pipe can empty the tank in 45 minutes . if all the pipes are opened when the tank is empty , then how many minutes will it take to fill the tank ?

[ "11 minutes", "17 minutes", "18 minutes", "10 minutes" ]

D

"part of the filled by all the three pipes in one minute = 1 / 18 + 1 / 15 - 1 / 45 = ( 5 + 6 - 2 ) / 90 = 9 / 90 = 1 / 10 so , the tank becomes full in 10 minutes . answer : d :"