youssefbelghmi/MNLP_M3_mcqa_dataset_support

dataset stringclasses 6 values	id stringlengths 12 16	question stringlengths 1 935	choices sequencelengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 4 values	support stringlengths 0 7.76k ⌀
openbookqa	obqa_02_03815	Which are likeliest to rely on nonrenewable resources?	[ "windmills", "dams", "solar panels", "cell phones" ]	D	aluminum is a nonrenewable resource
sciq	sciq_01_05766	Each vertebral vein also flows into which vein?	[ "brachiocephalic", "spiral", "xerophyte", "trichina" ]	A	The Superior Vena Cava The superior vena cava drains most of the body superior to the diaphragm (Figure 20.36). On both the left and right sides, the subclavian vein forms when the axillary vein passes through the body wall from the axillary region. It fuses with the external and internal jugular veins from the head and neck to form the brachiocephalic vein. Each vertebral vein also flows into the brachiocephalic vein close to this fusion. These veins arise from the base of the brain and the cervical region of the spinal cord, and flow largely through the intervertebral foramina in the cervical vertebrae. They are the counterparts of the vertebral arteries. Each internal thoracic vein, also known as an internal mammary vein, drains the anterior surface of the chest wall and flows into the brachiocephalic vein. The remainder of the blood supply from the thorax drains into the azygos vein. Each intercostal vein drains muscles of the thoracic wall, each esophageal vein delivers blood from the inferior portions of the esophagus, each bronchial vein drains the systemic circulation from the lungs, and several smaller veins drain the mediastinal region. Bronchial veins carry approximately 13 percent of the blood that flows into the bronchial arteries; the remainder intermingles with the pulmonary circulation and returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins. These veins flow into the azygos vein, and with the smaller hemiazygos vein (hemi- = “half”) on the left of the vertebral column, drain blood from the thoracic region. The hemiazygos vein does not drain directly into the superior vena cava but enters the brachiocephalic vein via the superior intercostal vein. The azygos vein passes through the diaphragm from the thoracic cavity on the right side of the vertebral column and begins in the lumbar region of the thoracic cavity. It flows into the superior vena cava at approximately the level of T2, making a significant contribution to the flow of blood. It combines with the two large left and right brachiocephalic veins to form the superior vena cava. Table 20.11 summarizes the veins of the thoracic region that flow into the superior vena cava.
sciq	sciq_01_04686	What are the dark areas of the moon called?	[ "craters", "hollow space", "maria", "laura" ]	C	The Moon has dark areas, called maria, surrounded by lighter colored highland areas, called terrae.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00398	Which is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object?	[ "a meter stick", "a compass", "a protractor", "a spring scale" ]	C	null
sciq	sciq_01_07345	All carbon atoms have how many protons?	[ "six", "eight", "two", "one" ]	A	All carbon atoms have six protons. Most also have six neutrons, but some have seven or eight neutrons. What is the mass number of a carbon isotope that has seven neutrons?.
sciq	sciq_01_08657	What do most amphibians breathe with as larvae?	[ "lungs", "pores", "gills", "nasal passages" ]	C	Most amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. Additional oxygen is absorbed through the skin in most species. The skin is kept moist by mucus, which is secreted by mucous glands. In some species, mucous glands also produce toxins, which help protect the amphibians from predators. The golden frog shown in Figure below is an example of a toxic amphibian.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04168	Histological variety of Breast carcinoma with best prognosis is?	[ "Medullary", "Colloid", "Lobular", "Tubular" ]	D	ANSWER: (D) TubularREF: Sabiston 17th ed p. 891, CSDT 11th ed p. 335It is commonly held that infiltrating ductal carcinomas (NOS) is the most common form of breast carcinoma and carries worst outcome.Infiltrating and pure medullary carcinomas have intermediate outcomesTubular and mucinous carcinomas are least aggressive cancersNOTE: Most important prognostic factor for breast carcinoma is staging followed by lymph node status
ARC-Challenge	arc_04_02985	Which function makes a plant cell different from an animal cell?	[ "ability to use energy", "ability to absorb nutrients", "ability to divide into two cells", "ability to convert sunlight into energy" ]	D	null
sciq	sciq_01_03309	Living organisms release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by what method?	[ "cellular respiration", "genomic respiration", "widespread respiration", "major respiration" ]	A	Cellular respiration by living things releases carbon into the atmosphere or ocean as carbon dioxide.
openbookqa	obqa_02_00316	Sickness has the potential to	[ "strengthen an organism", "test an organism", "eliminate an organism", "eat an organism" ]	C	illness has a negative impact on an organism 's health
sciq	sciq_01_00673	What state is achieved when the body's internal environment is kept more-or-less constant?	[ "consciousness", "homeostasis", "cancerous", "hypothesis" ]	B	The organ systems of the body work together to carry out life processes and maintain homeostasis. The body is in homeostasis when its internal environment is kept more-or-less constant. For example, levels of sugar, carbon dioxide, and water in the blood must be kept within narrow ranges. This requires continuous adjustments. For example:.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00909	Brain abscess in cyanotic heart disease is commonly located in	[ "Cerebellar hemisphere", "Thalamus", "Temporal lobe", "Parietal lobe" ]	D	Brain abscesses in congenital cyanotic heart diseases occur due to hematogenous seeding of bloodborne bacteria. These blood borne bacteria bypass the pulmonary capillary bed d/t right to left shunt. They commonly infect parietal & frontal lobes (territory of middle cerebral artery).
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_02534	Immunostimulant used for the treatment of malignant melanoma is:	[ "Levamisol", "BCG", "Aldesleukin", "Methotrexate" ]	C	(Ref: Katzung 10/e p906) It is a recombinant IL-2 used for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and maliguant melanoma.
openbookqa	obqa_02_03261	Some lizards form eggs where	[ "in space", "in fire", "in ice", "in their interiors" ]	D	reptiles lay eggs
sciq	sciq_01_04950	Strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness are properties of what subatomic particle?	[ "dark matter", "quarks", "pion", "molecules" ]	B	± symbols are the values for antiquarks. B is baryon number, S is strangeness, c is charm, b is bottomness, t is topness. Values are approximate, are not directly observable, and vary with model.
sciq	sciq_01_08525	The two complementary strands of what are separated, much like unzipping a zipper, in the initiation phase?	[ "Chromosomes", "RNA", "mRNA", "dna" ]	D	Stage 1: Initiation. The two complementary strands are separated, much like unzipping a zipper. Special enzymes, including helicase, untwist and separate the two strands of DNA. Stage 2: Elongation. Each strand becomes a template along which a new complementary strand is built. DNA polymerase brings in the correct bases to complement the template strand, synthesizing a new strand base by base. A DNA polymerase is an enzyme that adds free nucleotides to the end of a chain of DNA, making a new double strand. This growing strand continues to be built until it has fully complemented the template strand. Stage 3: Termination. Once the two original strands are bound to their own, finished, complementary strands, DNA replication is stopped and the two new identical DNA molecules are complete. Each new DNA molecule contains one strand from the original molecule and one newly synthesized strand. The term for this mode of replication is “semiconservative,” because half of the original DNA molecule is conserved in each new DNA molecule. This process continues until the cell’s entire genome, the entire complement of an organism’s DNA, is replicated. As you might imagine, it is very important that DNA replication take place precisely so that new cells in the body contain the exact same genetic material as their parent cells. Mistakes made during DNA replication, such as the accidental addition of an inappropriate nucleotide, have the potential to render a gene dysfunctional or useless. Fortunately, there are mechanisms in place to minimize such mistakes. A DNA proofreading process enlists the help of special enzymes that scan the newly synthesized molecule for mistakes and corrects them. Once the process of DNA replication is complete, the cell is ready to divide. You will explore the process of cell division later in the chapter.
sciq	sciq_01_06081	Australia is home to many endemic species. the (a) wallaby (wallabia bicolor), a medium-sized member of the kangaroo family, is a pouched mammal, or this?	[ "primate", "placental", "rodent", "marsupial" ]	D	Throughout Chemistry, you will find features that draw the students into scientific inquiry by taking selected topics a step further. Students and educators alike will appreciate discussions in these feature boxes. Chemistry in Everyday Life ties chemistry concepts to everyday issues and real-world applications of science that students encounter in their lives. Topics include cell phones, solar thermal energy power plants, plastics recycling, and measuring blood pressure. How Sciences Interconnect feature boxes discuss chemistry in context of its interconnectedness with other scientific disciplines. Topics include neurotransmitters, greenhouse gases and climate change, and proteins and enzymes. Portrait of a Chemist features present a short bio and an introduction to the work of prominent figures from history and present day so that students can see the “face” of contributors in this field as well as science in action.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_03361	Which of the following drug does NOT cause myopathy as side effect?	[ "Chloroquine", "Betamethasone", "Chloramphenicol", "Zidovudine" ]	C	Adverse effects of chloramphenicol includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome. Drugs causing myopathy are: Cimetidine Penicillamine Statins Amiodarone Colchicine Chloroquine Cyclosporine Lithium Zidovudine Alcohol Ref: Essentials of Electrodiagnostic Medicine By William Campbell, MD page 396, Deck D.H., Winston L.G. (2012). Chapter 44. Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, & Oxazolidinones. In B.G. Katzung, S.B. Masters, A.J. Trevor (Eds), Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 12e.
sciq	sciq_01_02874	What is the functional unit of compact bone?	[ "scleroprotein", "osteon", "spongin", "collagen" ]	B	Compact bone makes up the dense outer layer of bone. Its functional unit is the osteon . Compact bone is very hard and strong.
math_qa	mathqa_03_01741	q is as much younger than r as he is older than t . if the sum of the ages of r and t is 50 years , what is definitely the difference between r and q ’ s age ?	[ "1 year", "2 years", "25 years", "data inadequate" ]	D	"explanation given that : 1 . the difference of age b / w r and q = the difference of age b / w q and t . 2 . sum of age of r and t is 50 i . e . ( r + t ) = 50 . question : r – q = ? . explanation : r – q = q – t ( r + t ) = 2 q now given that , ( r + t ) = 50 so , 50 = 2 q and therefore q = 25 . question is ( r – q ) = ? here we know the value ( age ) of q ( 25 ) , but we don ’ t know the age of r . therefore , ( r - q ) can not be determined . answer d"
sciq	sciq_01_01733	How many types of simple machines are there?	[ "ten types", "two types", "three types", "six types" ]	D	There are six types of simple machines. Machines that consist of two or more simple machines are called compound machines.
sciq	sciq_01_01091	What type of galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms?	[ "round galaxies", "spherical galaxies", "pinwheel galaxies", "spiral galaxies" ]	D	Spiral galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms spiraling out from the center. The disk and arms contain many young, blue stars.
sciq	sciq_01_10547	What are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond between carbon atoms?	[ "amines", "lipids", "alkynes", "ketones" ]	C	Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_02425	Ragi is richest source of -	[ "Carbohydrates", "Iron", "Calcium", "Proteins" ]	C	Ragi contain 344mg of calcium per 100g of ragi. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 628
math_qa	mathqa_03_03252	a student scored an average of 65 marks in 3 subjects : physics , chemistry and mathematics . if the average marks in physics and mathematics is 90 and that in physics and chemistry is 70 , what are the marks in physics ?	[ "86", "165", "76", "125" ]	D	"given m + p + c = 65 * 3 = 195 - - - ( 1 ) m + p = 90 * 2 = 180 - - - ( 2 ) p + c = 70 * 2 = 140 - - - ( 3 ) where m , p and c are marks obtained by the student in mathematics , physics and chemistry . p = ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) - ( 1 ) = 180 + 140 - 195 = 125 answer : d"
sciq	sciq_01_04002	Glands release what substance into the blood?	[ "toxins", "hormones", "acids", "enzymes" ]	B	human body system of glands that release hormones into the blood.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_03280	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is seen in	[ "Insulin resistance", "Thyroid hormone resistance", "Testosterone deficiency", "Calmodulin Deficiency" ]	D	ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Difficulty in paying attention, difficulty in controlling behavior and hyperactivity. Etiology- both genetic and environmental factors. Abnormality in dopamine transporter and thyroid receptor beta genes in some patients. Three subtypes are known: Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive Predominantly inattentive Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, using thorough clinical interview of parents and use of behavior rating scales. Physical examination includes direct observation of the child and ruling out chronic systemic illnesses that affect child's attention span.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01382	Frogs lay eggs that develop into tadpoles and then into adult frogs. This sequence of changes is an example of how living things	[ "go through a life cycle", "form a food web", "act as a source of food", "affect other parts of the ecosystem" ]	A	null
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00892	Which of these is an inherited behavior?	[ "a seal balancing a ball", "a dog getting the newspaper", "a spider spinning a web", "an ape using sign language" ]	C	null
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_02954	lridocorneal endothelial syndrome is associated with	[ "Progressive atrophy of iris stroma", "Deposition of glycosaminoglycan in Descemet's membrane", "Deposition of collagen in Descemet's membrane", "Bilateral stromal oedema of iris and cornea" ]	A	GLAUCOMAS ASSOCIATED WITH IRIDOCORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL SYNDROMES Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndromes include three clinical entities: 1) Progressive iris atrophy, 2) Chandler's syndrome, and 3) Cogan-Reese syndrome. Pathogenesis: The common feature of the ICE syndromes is the presence of abnormal corneal endothelial cells which proliferate to form an endothelial membrane in the angle of anterior chamber. Glaucoma is caused by secondary synechial angle-closure as a result of contraction of this endothelial membrane. Clinical features: The ICE syndromes typically affect middle-aged women. The raised IOP is associated with characteristic features of the causative condition. 1) In 'progressive iris atrophy', iris features predominate with marked corectopia, atrophy and hole formation. 2) While in Chandler's syndrome, changes in iris are mild to absent and the corneal oedema even at normal IOP predominates. 3) Hallmark of Cogan-Reese syndrome is nodular or diffuse pigmented lesions of the iris (therefore also called as iris naevus syndrome) which may or may not be associated with corneal changes. Treatment: Medical treatment is often ineffective. Trabeculectomy operation usually fails, Aificial filteration shunt may control the IOP. Ref:- A K KHURANA; pg num:-237
sciq	sciq_01_09549	What is responsible for the physical changes of puberty?	[ "testosterone", "adrenaline", "caffeine", "nicotine" ]	A	CHAPTER REVIEW 27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System Gametes are the reproductive cells that combine to form offspring. Organs called gonads produce the gametes, along with the hormones that regulate human reproduction. The male gametes are called sperm. Spermatogenesis, the production of sperm, occurs within the seminiferous tubules that make up most of the testis. The scrotum is the muscular sac that holds the testes outside of the body cavity. Spermatogenesis begins with mitotic division of spermatogonia (stem cells) to produce primary spermatocytes that undergo the two divisions of meiosis to become secondary spermatocytes, then the haploid spermatids. During spermiogenesis, spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (formed sperm). Upon release from the seminiferous tubules, sperm are moved to the epididymis where they continue to mature. During ejaculation, sperm exit the epididymis through the ductus deferens, a duct in the spermatic cord that leaves the scrotum. The ampulla of the ductus deferens meets the seminal vesicle, a gland that contributes fructose and proteins, at the ejaculatory duct. The fluid continues through the prostatic urethra, where secretions from the prostate are added to form semen. These secretions help the sperm to travel through the urethra and into the female reproductive tract. Secretions from the bulbourethral glands protect sperm and cleanse and lubricate the penile (spongy) urethra. The penis is the male organ of copulation. Columns of erectile tissue called the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum fill with blood when sexual arousal activates vasodilatation in the blood vessels of the penis. Testosterone regulates and maintains the sex organs and sex drive, and induces the physical changes of puberty. Interplay between the testes and the endocrine system precisely control the production of testosterone with a negative feedback loop.
math_qa	mathqa_03_01373	a company that ships boxes to a total of 14 distribution centers uses color coding to identify each center . if either a single color or a pair of two different colors is chosen to represent each center and if each center is uniquely represented by that choice of one or two colors , what is the minimum number of colors needed for the coding ? ( assume that the order of the colors in a pair does not matter )	[ "7", "8", "5", "9" ]	C	"back - solving is the best way to solve this problem . you basically need 14 combinations ( including single colors ) if we start from option 1 - > 1 = > 4 c 2 + 4 = 10 ( not enough ) 2 = > 5 c 2 + 5 = 15 ( enough ) since the minimum number is asked . it should be 5 . answer - c"
sciq	sciq_01_07129	What provides an early, rapid, and nonspecific defense against invading pathogens?	[ "microorganisms", "toxins", "bacteria", "neutrophils" ]	D	Figure 42.1 In this compound light micrograph purple-stained neutrophil (upper left) and eosinophil (lower right) are white blood cells that float among red blood cells in this blood smear. Neutrophils provide an early, rapid, and nonspecific defense against invading pathogens. Eosinophils play a variety of roles in the immune response. Red blood cells are about 7–8 µm in diameter, and a neutrophil is about 10–12µm. (credit: modification of work by Dr. David Csaba).
sciq	sciq_01_10154	What is a mutation?	[ "change in the distinct sequence of dna", "change in the swetha sequence of dna", "change in the nucleotide sequence of dna", "change in the rna sequence of dna" ]	C	28.7 Patterns of Inheritance There are two aspects to a person’s genetic makeup. Their genotype refers to the genetic makeup of the chromosomes found in all their cells and the alleles that are passed down from their parents. Their phenotype is the expression of that genotype, based on the interaction of the paired alleles, as well as how environmental conditions affect that expression. Working with pea plants, Mendel discovered that the factors that account for different traits in parents are discretely transmitted to offspring in pairs, one from each parent. He articulated the principles of random segregation and independent assortment to account for the inheritance patterns he observed. Mendel’s factors are genes, with differing variants being referred to as alleles and those alleles being dominant or recessive in expression. Each parent passes one allele for every gene on to offspring, and offspring are equally likely to inherit any combination of allele pairs. When Mendel crossed heterozygous individuals, he repeatedly found a 3:1 dominant–recessive ratio. He correctly postulated that the expression of the recessive trait was masked in heterozygotes but would resurface in their offspring in a predictable manner. Human genetics focuses on identifying different alleles and understanding how they express themselves. Medical researchers are especially interested in the identification of inheritance patterns for genetic disorders, which provides the means to estimate the risk that a given couple’s offspring will inherit a genetic disease or disorder. Patterns of inheritance in humans include autosomal dominance and recessiveness, X-linked dominance and recessiveness, incomplete dominance, codominance, and lethality. A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, which may or may not manifest in a phenotype, is called a mutation.
sciq	sciq_01_10730	What type of organisms do carnivores feed on?	[ "animals", "decomposers", "eggs", "plants" ]	A	Carnivores feed on animals, either herbivores or other carnivores. Snakes that eat mice are carnivores. Hawks that eat snakes are also carnivores ( Figure below ).
openbookqa	obqa_02_04441	Why might a polar bear grow white hair?	[ "blend in", "stand out", "random", "look fancy" ]	A	the arctic environment is cold in temperature from being at a northern lattitude below 0 degrees celsius during most of the year
math_qa	mathqa_03_02694	george went to a fruit market with certain amount of money . with this money he can buy either 50 oranges or 40 mangoes . he retains 15 % of the money for taxi fare and buys 15 mangoes . how many oranges can he buy ?	[ "25", "17.5", "20", "16" ]	B	"let the amount of money be 200 let cost of 1 orange be 4 let cost of 1 mango be 5 he decides to retain 15 % of 200 = 30 for taxi fare , so he is left with 170 he buys 20 mangoes ( @ 5 ) so he spends 100 money left is 70 ( 170 - 100 ) no of oranges he can buy = 70 / 4 = > 17,5 so , george can buy 15 oranges . b"
math_qa	mathqa_03_02222	if each year the population of the country grows by 30 % , how many years will elapse before the population of the country doubles ?	[ "2", "4", "5", "3" ]	D	"till year 2000 , population is 100 . year 2001 : population becomes 130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 year elapsed year 2002 : population becomes 169 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 year elapsed year 2004 : population > 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 year elapsed answer : d"
math_qa	mathqa_03_03574	if 1 = 6 , 2 = 12 , 3 = 18 , 4 = 24 , 5 = 30 , then 6 = ?	[ "5", "3", "1", "7" ]	C	solution : 1 as stated 1 = 6 = > 6 = 1 answer c
sciq	sciq_01_01124	What are the building blocks of peptides?	[ "alkali", "magnets", "rocks", "amino acids" ]	D	A peptide is composed of two or more amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of peptides.
math_qa	mathqa_03_00418	5 men are equal to as many women as are equal to 8 boys . all of them earn rs . 60 only . men â € ™ s wages are ?	[ "6 rs", "2 rs", "4 rs", "9 rs" ]	C	"5 m = xw = 8 b 5 m + xw + 8 b - - - - - 60 rs . 5 m + 5 m + 5 m - - - - - 60 rs . 15 m - - - - - - 60 rs . = > 1 m = 4 rs . answer : c"
openbookqa	obqa_02_01610	A person takes a bucket full of water and adds it to a full pool. After adding fifty buckets of water to the pool, it	[ "drains", "dries", "bloats", "sinks" ]	C	as the amount of water in a body of water increases , the water levels will increase
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04206	The significance of difference between propoions can also be tested by-	[ ".'t' test", "Chi square test", "ANOVA", "Correlation and regression" ]	B	* Chi-Square test offers a method of testing the significance of difference between the propoions. * Its advantage lies in the fact that it can also be used when more than two groups are to be compared. * By using this test, we can find out if the difference between two propoions or ratios has occurred by chance. The steps involved are- 1) Testing the null hypothesis. 2) Applying chi-square test. 3) Calculating the degree of freedom. 4) Comparing with probability tables.
sciq	sciq_01_04964	During which phase does dna replication occur in the cell cycle?	[ "mitosis", "gap", "synthesis", "resting" ]	C	9.2 \| DNA Replication By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain the process of DNA replication • Explain the importance of telomerase to DNA replication • Describe mechanisms of DNA repair When a cell divides, it is important that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA. This is accomplished by the process of DNA replication. The replication of DNA occurs during the synthesis phase, or S phase, of the cell cycle, before the cell enters mitosis or meiosis. The elucidation of the structure of the double helix provided a hint as to how DNA is copied. Recall that adenine nucleotides pair with thymine nucleotides, and cytosine with guanine. This means that the two strands are complementary to each other. For example, a strand of DNA with a nucleotide sequence of AGTCATGA will have a complementary strand with the sequence TCAGTACT (Figure 9.8).
openbookqa	obqa_02_00755	The planet that contains many ecosystems is sequentially _________ from the center of its solar system	[ "fifth", "first", "third", "fourth" ]	C	the Earth contains many ecosystems
sciq	sciq_01_10753	What is the term for any behavior that occurs only after experience or practice?	[ "saved behavior", "learned behavior", "studied behavior", "practiced behavior" ]	B	Learned behavior is any behavior that occurs only after experience or practice. The more intelligent a species is, the more it depends on learned behaviors, which have the advantage of being flexible. Ways in which animals learn behaviors include habituation, observational learning, conditioning, learning through play, and insight learning.
sciq	sciq_01_04594	Where does growth in length occur, above the root cap?	[ "vascular cambrium", "primary meristem", "primary tuber", "apical meristem" ]	B	As shown in Figure below , the tip of a root is called the root cap . It consists of specialized cells that help regulate primary growth of the root at the tip. Above the root cap is primary meristem, where growth in length occurs.
math_qa	mathqa_03_04581	last year department store x had a sales total for december that was 3 times the average ( arithmetic mean ) of the monthly sales totals for january through november . the sales total for december was what fraction of the sales total for the year ?	[ "1 / 4", "4 / 15", "3 / 14", "4 / 11" ]	C	let avg for 11 mos . = 10 therefore , dec = 30 year total = 11 * 10 + 30 = 140 answer = 30 / 140 = 3 / 14 = c
math_qa	mathqa_03_02230	two employees a and b are paid a total of rs . 570 per week by their employer . if a is paid 150 percent of the sum paid to b , how much is b paid per week ?	[ "s . 130", "s . 140", "s . 150", "s . 228" ]	D	"let the amount paid to a per week = x and the amount paid to b per week = y then x + y = 570 but x = 150 % of y = 150 y / 100 = 15 y / 10 ∴ 15 y / 10 + y = 570 ⇒ y [ 15 / 10 + 1 ] = 570 ⇒ 25 y / 10 = 570 ⇒ 25 y = 5700 ⇒ y = 5700 / 25 = rs . 228 d )"
math_qa	mathqa_03_03245	jill has 42 gallons of water stored in quart , half - gallon , and one gallon jars . she has equal numbers of each size jar holding the liquid . what is the total number of water filled jars ?	[ "3", "6", "9", "72" ]	D	let the number of each size of jar = wthen 1 / 4 w + 1 / 2 w + w = 42 1 3 / 4 w = 42 w = 24 the total number of jars = 3 w = 72 answer : d
math_qa	mathqa_03_00331	how many 4 x 5 x 8 cubes could fit in a 10 x 16 x 84 box ?	[ "84", "90", "85", "77" ]	A	the answer is a ) 84 . the 10 x 16 x 84 box has an area of 13,440 . the 4 x 5 x 8 cubes have an area of 160 . if you divide 13,440 by 160 , you get 84 .
sciq	sciq_01_07073	The pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte after what occurs?	[ "hibernation", "excrement", "pollination", "evolution" ]	C
sciq	sciq_01_11195	What is another name for mother of pearl?	[ "nacre", "calcium", "pigment", "enamel" ]	A	Mother of pearl is also known as nacre. Nacre is the iridescent inner shell layer. It can be found in buttons, watch faces, knives, guns, and jewelry. It is also used to decorate various musical instruments.
sciq	sciq_01_04474	What is the name of the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage?	[ "sternum", "collar bone", "tibia", "pelvis" ]	A	Sternum The sternum is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the wider, superior portion of the sternum. The top of the manubrium has a shallow, U-shaped border called the jugular (suprasternal) notch. This can be easily felt at the anterior base of the neck, between the medial ends of the clavicles. The clavicular notch is the shallow depression located on either side at the superior-lateral margins of the manubrium. This is the site of the sternoclavicular joint, between the sternum and clavicle. The first ribs also attach to the manubrium. The elongated, central portion of the sternum is the body. The manubrium and body join together at the sternal angle, so called because the junction between these two components is not flat, but forms a slight bend. The second rib attaches to the sternum at the sternal angle. Since the first rib is hidden behind the clavicle, the second rib is the highest rib that can be identified by palpation. Thus, the sternal angle and second rib are important landmarks for the identification and counting of the lower ribs. Ribs 3–7 attach to the sternal body. The inferior tip of the sternum is the xiphoid process. This small structure is cartilaginous early in life, but gradually becomes ossified starting during middle age.
math_qa	mathqa_03_02996	a library has an average of 500 visitors on sundays and 140 on other days . the average number of visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with a sunday is :	[ "100", "200", "300", "400" ]	B	"explanation : since the month begins with a sunday , so there will be five sundays in the month , required average = ( 500 * 5 + 140 * 25 ) / 30 = 6000 / 30 = 200 answer : b ) 200"
sciq	sciq_01_09928	Glucose, fructose, and other sugars that have six carbons are called what?	[ "alcohols", "hexoses", "fluxes", "catalysts" ]	B
sciq	sciq_01_08340	The electrochemical potential across a membrane determines the tendency of an ion to do what?	[ "attach to the membrane", "move away from the membrane", "destroy the membrane", "cross the membrane" ]	D	The electrochemical potential across a membrane determines the tendency of an ion to cross the membrane. The membrane may be that of a cell or organelle or other sub cellular compartment. The electrochemical potential arises from three factors:.
sciq	sciq_01_06388	What is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration?	[ "absorption", "condensation", "secretion", "diffusion" ]	D	Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. The difference in the concentrations of the molecules in the two areas is called the concentration gradient . Diffusion will continue until this gradient has been eliminated. Since diffusion moves materials from an area of higher concentration to the lower, it is described as moving solutes "down the concentration gradient. " The end result of diffusion is an equal concentration, or equilibrium , of molecules on both sides of the membrane.
math_qa	mathqa_03_04070	an urn contains 5 red , 6 blue and 8 green balls . 3 balls are randomly selected from the urn , find the probability that the drawn ball are 2 blue and 1 red ?	[ "25 / 323", "21 / 969", "28 / 989", "74 / 879" ]	A	"sample space = no . of ways 3 balls were drawn from urn = 19 c 3 = 969 no . ways 2 blue balls and 1 red were drawn from bag = 6 c 2 * 5 c 1 = 75 probability = 75 / 969 = 25 / 323 ans - a"
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01890	A group of students found metamorphic rocks near a campsite. The presence of metamorphic rocks is most likely evidence of	[ "dinosaur activity", "sediment deposition", "high pressure", "wind-borne sand" ]	C	null
sciq	sciq_01_08012	What action, performed multiple times daily, is the single biggest use of water in the home?	[ "washing clothes", "taking showers", "watering plants", "flushing the toilet" ]	D	It’s easy to save water at home. If you save even a few gallons a day you can make a big difference over the long run. The best place to start saving water is in the bathroom. Toilet flushing is the single biggest use of water in the home. Showers and baths are the next biggest use. Follow the tips below to save water at home.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00329	Not a complication of acute viral Hepatitis?	[ "Aplastic anemia", "Acute pancreatitis", "Autoimmune hepatitis", "Hepatocellular carcinoma" ]	D	Hepatocellular carcinoma is complication of chronic hepatitis. TEXT BOOK OF HARSH MOHAN SIXTH EDITION
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_03766	Dalen Fuchs nodules are found in :	[ "Superficial keratitis", "Sympathetic ophthalmitis", "Vernal catarrh", "Trachoma" ]	B	Dalen Fuchs nodules are scattered yellow choroidal lesions seen in Sympathetic ophthalmitis. These nodules are seen at the level of retinal pigment epithelium and choroid, preferentially involve the periphery. These nodules are highly suggestive of sympathetic ophthalmia. Sympathetic ophthalmia is a bilateral panuveitis which most commonly occur after ocular trauma, and less frequently following ocular surgery. It usually presents with granulomatous anterior segment inflammation, mild to moderate vitritis, and Dalen Fuchs nodules. Ref: Clinical Guide to Comprehensive Ophthalmology edited by David A. Lee, page 293.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00044	Which of these is the chemical symbol for magnesium?	[ "Ma", "Mg", "Mn", "Mu" ]	B	null
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00359	A normal child will acquire complete neck control by	[ "8 weeks", "16 weeks", "28 weeks", "24 weeks" ]	B	GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: 2 months: Holds head in the plane of rest of the body when held in ventral suspension. In the prone position in bed, the chin lifts momentarily. 3 months: lift head above the plane of the body. Head control starts by 3 months and fully developed by 5 months. 4 months: Remain on forearm support if put in prone position, lifting the upper part of the body off the bed. 5 months: Rolls over. 6 months: sit in a tripod fashion. 8 months: sits without support., crawling 9 months: Takes a few steps with one hand held. Pulls to standing and cruises holding on to furniture by 10 months. 10 months: creeps 12 months: creeps well, walk but falls, stand without support. 15 months: walks well, walks backward/ sideways pulling a toy. May crawl upstairs. 18 months: Runs, walks upstairs with one hand held. Explores drawers 2 years: walk up and downstairs, jumps. 3 years: rides tricycle, alternate feet going upstairs. 4 years: hops on one foot, alternate feet going downstairs. 5 years: skips
sciq	sciq_01_10666	Clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels are examples of what type of species?	[ "invertebrates", "tortoises", "mammals", "mollusks" ]	D	Mollusks live in most terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. However, the majority of species live in the ocean. They can be found in both shallow and deep water and from tropical to polar latitudes. Mollusks are a major food source for other organisms, including humans. You may have eaten mollusks such as clams, oysters, scallops, or mussels.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_03206	N-MYC amplification is ssociated with which tumor?	[ "Burkitt lymphoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma lung", "Astrocytoma", "Neuroblastoma" ]	D	Reference :Robbins basic pathology 9th edition pg no 189:The most interesting cases of ampli cation involve NMYC in neuroblastoma and ERBB2 in breast cancers. NMYC is ampli ed in 25% to 30% of neu roblastomas, and the ampli cation is associated with poor prognosis
sciq	sciq_01_00735	According to law, what must packaged foods carry?	[ "nutrition facts label", "pricing", "country of origin", "warnings" ]	A	Packaged foods are required by law to carry a nutrition facts label, like the one in Figure below . The labels show the nutrient content and ingredients of foods. Reading labels can help you choose foods that are high in nutrients you need more of (such as proteins) and low in nutrients you need less of (such as fats).
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01033	Several types of mechanisms in the body regulate the rate of chemical reactions in the digestive system. Among the most important are feedback systems, which control the release rate of	[ "lipids.", "enzymes.", "nucleic acids.", "carbohydrates." ]	B	null
sciq	sciq_01_00367	During photosynthesis, what is energy from the sun converted to after entering a plant?	[ "Carbon", "glucose", "Proteins", "chloride" ]	B	Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are direct opposite reactions. Energy from the sun enters a plant and is converted into glucose during photosynthesis. Some of the energy is used to make ATP in the mitochondria during cellular respiration, and some is lost to the environment as heat.
openbookqa	obqa_02_04177	matter in the liquid phase has what shape?	[ "circle", "adaptable", "triangle", "square" ]	B	Matter in the liquid phase has variable shape
openbookqa	obqa_02_04105	Yeast deposited in an oven from a closet	[ "rises", "compresses", "falls", "requires antifungal cream" ]	A	moving an object from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase
ARC-Easy	arc_04_02094	In the human body, the breaking down of food into simple substances occurs in the	[ "digestive system.", "excretory system.", "circulatory system.", "respiratory system." ]	A	null
openbookqa	obqa_02_03267	Make sure to protect your eyes when working with chemicals because they can easily do what if handled wrong	[ "nothing", "fly", "run away", "spatter upward" ]	D	chemical splashing can cause harm to the eyes
sciq	sciq_01_01880	Free-flowing electrons enable what materials to conduct electricity and heat very well?	[ "noble gases", "metals", "acids", "alloys" ]	B	This model for metallic bonding explains some of the physical properties of metals. Metals conduct electricity and heat very well because of their free-flowing electrons. As electrons enter one end of a piece of metal, an equal number of electrons flow outward from the other end, allowing an electrical current to pass through the material with minimal resistance. Additionally, because the electron "glue" that holds the metal atoms together is very easy to deform and reshape, bulk metals can be easily hammered, bent, and pulled without breaking apart.
sciq	sciq_01_02897	Although lots of symbiotic relationships help both organisms, sometimes one of the organisms is harmed. when that happens, the organism that benefits, and is not harmed, is called a what?	[ "parasite", "child", "viruses", "infection" ]	A	Although lots of symbiotic relationships help both organisms, sometimes one of the organisms is harmed. When that happens, the organism that benefits, and is not harmed, is called a parasite . This type of relationship is known as parasitism.
sciq	sciq_01_06630	Plant cuttings are an example of what type of reproduction?	[ "heterosexual", "homosexual", "asexual", "autosexual" ]	C
openbookqa	obqa_02_00798	what does lighting it cause a candle?	[ "it stays same", "none of these", "it gets shorter", "it gets taller" ]	C	lighting a candle causes that candle to burn
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04049	Kwashiorkor is diagnosed in growth retarded children along with:	[ "Edema and mental changes", "Hypopigmentation and anemia", "Edema and hypopigmentation", "Hepatomegaly and anemia" ]	A	Kwashiorkor: Malnutrition with poor appetite Edema Mental changes- apathy, lethargy Others- flaky paint dermatosis, flag sign
sciq	sciq_01_01030	A yolk sac replaces what structure for nourishing a marsupial embryo?	[ "Stomach", "glucose", "uterus", "placenta" ]	D	The marsupial embryo is nourished inside the uterus with food from a yolk sac instead of through a placenta. The yolk sac stores enough food for the short period of time the embryo remains in the uterus. After the embryo is born, it moves into the mother’s pouch, where it clings to a nipple. It remains inside the pouch for several months while it continues to grow and develop. Even after the offspring is big enough to leave the pouch, it may often return to the pouch for warmth and nourishment ( Figure below ). Eventually, the offspring is mature enough to remain outside the pouch on its own.
openbookqa	obqa_02_00154	Breaking a vase changes its	[ "center of gravity", "shape and mass", "chemical composition", "speed" ]	B	breaking down an object changes that object 's shape and mass
sciq	sciq_01_01834	Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is what?	[ "tissue", "cylindrical", "striated", "atrophied" ]	C
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00217	The light brown perinuclear pigment seen on H & Estaining of the cardiac muscle fibres in the grosslynormal appearing hea of an 83 year old man atautopsy is due to deposition os:	[ "Hemosiderin", "Lipochrome", "Cholesterol metabolite", "Anthracotic pigment" ]	B	. Lipochrome
math_qa	mathqa_03_03232	machine p can print one lakh books in 8 hours . machine q can print the same number of books in 10 hours while machine r can print the same in 12 hours . all the machines started printing at 9 a . m . machine p is stopped at 11 a . m . and the remaining two machines complete work . approximately at what time will the printing of one lakh books be completed ?	[ "3 pm", "2 pm", "1 : 00 pm", "11 am" ]	C	explanation : work done by p in 1 hour = 1 / 8 work done by q in 1 hour = 1 / 10 work done by r in 1 hour = 1 / 12 work done by p , q and r in 1 hour = 1 / 8 + 1 / 10 + 1 / 12 = 37 / 120 work done by q and r in 1 hour = 1 / 10 + 1 / 12 = 22 / 120 = 11 / 60 from 9 am to 11 am , all the machines were operating . ie , they all operated for 2 hours and work completed = 2 × ( 37 / 120 ) = 37 / 60 pending work = 1 - 37 / 60 = 23 / 60 hours taken by q an r to complete the pending work = ( 23 / 60 ) / ( 11 / 60 ) = 23 / 11 which is approximately equal to 2 hence the work will be completed approximately 2 hours after 11 am ; ie around 1 pm answer : option c
ARC-Challenge	arc_04_02644	Which of these objects has the greatest mass?	[ "brick", "soccer ball", "note pad", "quarter" ]	A	null
sciq	sciq_01_00007	Organisms categorized by what species descriptor demonstrate a version of allopatric speciation and have limited regions of overlap with one another, but where they overlap they interbreed successfully?.	[ "surface species", "species complex", "ring species", "fitting species" ]	C	Ring species Ring species demonstrate a version of allopatric speciation. Imagine populations of the species A. Over the geographic range of A there exist a number of subpopulations. These subpopulations (A1 to A5) and (Aa to Ae) have limited regions of overlap with one another but where they overlap they interbreed successfully. But populations A5 and Ae no longer interbreed successfully – are these populations separate species? In this case, there is no clear-cut answer, but it is likely that in the link between the various populations will be broken and one or more species may form in the future. Consider the black bear Ursus americanus. Originally distributed across all of North America, its distribution is now much more fragmented. Isolated populations are free to adapt to their own particular environments and migration between populations is limited. Clearly the environment in Florida is different from that in Mexico, Alaska, or Newfoundland. Different environments will favor different adaptations. If, over time, these populations were to come back into contact with one another, they might or might not be able to interbreed successfully - reproductive isolation may occur and one species may become many.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01944	Hereditary angioneurotic edema is due to -	[ "Deficiency of C1 inhibitor", "Deficiency of NADPH oxidase", "Deficiency of MPO", "Deficiency of properdin" ]	A	The deficiency of C1 inhibitor is associated with hereditary angioneurotic edema. It is a condition characterised by episodic angioedema of the subcutaneous tissues or of the mucosa of the respiratory or alimentary tracts. Fatal if larynx or trachea affected. Attack is precipitated by local exhaustion of the reduced amount of the C1 inhibitor present ,leading to the autocatalytic activation of C1 and unrestrained breakdown of C4 and C2. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 126 <\p>
math_qa	mathqa_03_01538	a rectangular grassy plot 110 m . by 65 m has a gravel path 2.5 m wide all round it on the inside . find the cost of gravelling the path at 80 paise per sq . metre	[ "rs 680", "rs 780", "rs 880", "rs 480" ]	A	"area of the plot = 110 m * 65 m = 7150 sq . m area of plot excluding gravel = 105 m * 60 m = 6300 sq . m area of gravel = 7150 sq . m - 6300 sq . m = 850 sq . m cost of building it = 850 sq . m * 80 = 68000 p in rs = 68000 / 100 = rs 680 answer : a"
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_02585	Order of anastomosis in Whipple's procedure:	[ "Pancreaticojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy", "Hepaticojejunostomy, pancreaticojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy", "Gastrojejunostomy, pancreaticojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy", "Pancreaticojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy" ]	D	Tumor position Procedure Head (malignant) Pylorus preserving Whipple's procedure Head (benign) Enucleation Body & Tail Distal pancreatectomy. Whipple's procedure: Pancreaticojejunostomy, Hepaticojejunostomy Gastrojejunostomy Pylorus preserving Whipple's procedure: Pancreaticojejunostomy, Hepaticojejunostomy, Gastrojejunostomy, Duodenojejunostomy. Maxium risk of leak occurs from Pancreaticojejunostomy > Gastrojejunostomy > Hepaticojejunostomy.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00270	Cells that conduct messages are known as	[ "skin cells", "nerve cells", "blood cells", "kidney cells" ]	B	null
math_qa	mathqa_03_00143	3 / [ ( 1 / 0.03 ) + ( 1 / 0.37 ) ] = ?	[ "0.004", "0.08333", "2.775", "3.6036" ]	B	"approximate . 1 / . 03 = 100 / 3 = 33 1 / . 37 = 100 / 37 = 3 denominator becomes 33 + 3 = 36 3 / 36 = . 08 something answer ( b )"
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00847	Blue vire technology is used in	[ "VorTEX", "VorTEX Blue", "D3XF", "Twisted Blue" ]	B	VorTEX uses M wire NiTi
sciq	sciq_01_09405	What are the three types of muscle tissue in the body?	[ "proliferating , cardiac , smooth", "topography , cardiac , smooth", "spongy, cardiac, skeletal", "skeletal, cardiac, smooth" ]	D	10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues Muscle is the tissue in animals that allows for active movement of the body or materials within the body. There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Most of the body’s skeletal muscle produces movement by acting on the skeleton. Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the heart and pumps blood through the circulatory system. Smooth muscle is found in the skin, where it is associated with hair follicles; it also is found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and internal passageways, where it assists in moving materials.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_02471	A medical student has been studying for exams and neglects to eat anything for 12 hours. At this point, the student opens a large bag of pretzels and eats every one of them in a short period. Which one of the following effects will this meal have on the student's metabolic state?	[ "Liver glycogen stores will be replenished.", "The rate of gluconeogenesis will be increased.", "The rate at which fatty acids are converted to adipose triacylglycerols will be reduced.", "Blood glucagon levels will increase." ]	A	After a meal of carbohydrates (the major ingredient of pretzels), glycogen is stored in the liver and in muscle, and triacylglycerols are stored in adipose tissue. Owing to the rise in glucose level in the blood (from the carbohydrates in the pretzels), insulin is released from the pancreas, and the level of glucagon in the blood decreases. Because blood glucose levels have increased, there is no longer a need for the liver to synthesize glucose, and gluconeogenesis decreases. The change in insulin to glucagon ratio also inhibits the breakdown of triacylglycerols and favors their synthesis. The brain oxidizes glucose to CO2 andH2 O, whereas the red blood cells produce lactate from glucose because red blood cells cannot carry out aerobic metabolism.
openbookqa	obqa_02_00597	A deer	[ "would live in an area devoid of fauna or flora", "would live in an area surrounded by redwoods", "would live in a highly populate city", "would live in an aquatic environment" ]	B	a deer lives in a forest
sciq	sciq_01_04864	In a heat map, what color represents the hottest temperatures?	[ "bright yellow", "pink", "orange", "bright red" ]	A	A heat wave over the United States as indicated by heat radiated from the ground. The bright yellow areas are the hottest, and the blue and white are coolest.
math_qa	mathqa_03_04906	the sum of digits of a two digit number is 12 , the difference between the digits is 6 . find the number	[ "85", "93", "83", "72" ]	B	"description : = > x + y = 12 , x - y = 6 adding these 2 x = 18 = > x = 9 , y = 3 . thus the number is 93 answer b"
sciq	sciq_01_05277	What is the name for the pores in leaves that allow a plant to retain water or exchange gases?	[ "rhizomes", "neurons", "chloroplasts", "stomata" ]	D	To allow the plant to retain water and exchange gases, small pores (holes) in the leaves called stomata also evolved ( Figure below ). The stomata can open and close depending on weather conditions. When it's hot and dry, the stomata close to keep water inside of the plant. When the weather cools down, the stomata can open again to let carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00848	Which of the following could limit the supply of a renewable resource?	[ "recycling aluminum cans", "cutting down trees in forests", "mining minerals such as gold", "conserving freshwater resources" ]	B	null
openbookqa	obqa_02_04239	If you are at a pond throwing rocks, what picnic leisure item should a rock look most like for skipping?	[ "Frisbee", "Soccer Ball", "Football", "Stick" ]	A	contact between rocks over long periods of time causes rocks to smooth

openbookqa

obqa_02_03815

Which are likeliest to rely on nonrenewable resources?

[ "windmills", "dams", "solar panels", "cell phones" ]

D

aluminum is a nonrenewable resource

sciq

sciq_01_05766

Each vertebral vein also flows into which vein?

[ "brachiocephalic", "spiral", "xerophyte", "trichina" ]

A

The Superior Vena Cava The superior vena cava drains most of the body superior to the diaphragm (Figure 20.36). On both the left and right sides, the subclavian vein forms when the axillary vein passes through the body wall from the axillary region. It fuses with the external and internal jugular veins from the head and neck to form the brachiocephalic vein. Each vertebral vein also flows into the brachiocephalic vein close to this fusion. These veins arise from the base of the brain and the cervical region of the spinal cord, and flow largely through the intervertebral foramina in the cervical vertebrae. They are the counterparts of the vertebral arteries. Each internal thoracic vein, also known as an internal mammary vein, drains the anterior surface of the chest wall and flows into the brachiocephalic vein. The remainder of the blood supply from the thorax drains into the azygos vein. Each intercostal vein drains muscles of the thoracic wall, each esophageal vein delivers blood from the inferior portions of the esophagus, each bronchial vein drains the systemic circulation from the lungs, and several smaller veins drain the mediastinal region. Bronchial veins carry approximately 13 percent of the blood that flows into the bronchial arteries; the remainder intermingles with the pulmonary circulation and returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins. These veins flow into the azygos vein, and with the smaller hemiazygos vein (hemi- = “half”) on the left of the vertebral column, drain blood from the thoracic region. The hemiazygos vein does not drain directly into the superior vena cava but enters the brachiocephalic vein via the superior intercostal vein. The azygos vein passes through the diaphragm from the thoracic cavity on the right side of the vertebral column and begins in the lumbar region of the thoracic cavity. It flows into the superior vena cava at approximately the level of T2, making a significant contribution to the flow of blood. It combines with the two large left and right brachiocephalic veins to form the superior vena cava. Table 20.11 summarizes the veins of the thoracic region that flow into the superior vena cava.

sciq

sciq_01_04686

What are the dark areas of the moon called?

[ "craters", "hollow space", "maria", "laura" ]

C

The Moon has dark areas, called maria, surrounded by lighter colored highland areas, called terrae.

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00398

Which is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object?

[ "a meter stick", "a compass", "a protractor", "a spring scale" ]

C

null

sciq

sciq_01_07345

All carbon atoms have how many protons?

[ "six", "eight", "two", "one" ]

A

All carbon atoms have six protons. Most also have six neutrons, but some have seven or eight neutrons. What is the mass number of a carbon isotope that has seven neutrons?.

sciq

sciq_01_08657

What do most amphibians breathe with as larvae?

[ "lungs", "pores", "gills", "nasal passages" ]

C

Most amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. Additional oxygen is absorbed through the skin in most species. The skin is kept moist by mucus, which is secreted by mucous glands. In some species, mucous glands also produce toxins, which help protect the amphibians from predators. The golden frog shown in Figure below is an example of a toxic amphibian.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_04168

Histological variety of Breast carcinoma with best prognosis is?

[ "Medullary", "Colloid", "Lobular", "Tubular" ]

D

ANSWER: (D) TubularREF: Sabiston 17th ed p. 891, CSDT 11th ed p. 335It is commonly held that infiltrating ductal carcinomas (NOS) is the most common form of breast carcinoma and carries worst outcome.Infiltrating and pure medullary carcinomas have intermediate outcomesTubular and mucinous carcinomas are least aggressive cancersNOTE: Most important prognostic factor for breast carcinoma is staging followed by lymph node status

ARC-Challenge

arc_04_02985

Which function makes a plant cell different from an animal cell?

[ "ability to use energy", "ability to absorb nutrients", "ability to divide into two cells", "ability to convert sunlight into energy" ]

D

null

sciq

sciq_01_03309

Living organisms release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by what method?

[ "cellular respiration", "genomic respiration", "widespread respiration", "major respiration" ]

A

Cellular respiration by living things releases carbon into the atmosphere or ocean as carbon dioxide.

openbookqa

obqa_02_00316

Sickness has the potential to

[ "strengthen an organism", "test an organism", "eliminate an organism", "eat an organism" ]

C

illness has a negative impact on an organism 's health

sciq

sciq_01_00673

What state is achieved when the body's internal environment is kept more-or-less constant?

[ "consciousness", "homeostasis", "cancerous", "hypothesis" ]

B

The organ systems of the body work together to carry out life processes and maintain homeostasis. The body is in homeostasis when its internal environment is kept more-or-less constant. For example, levels of sugar, carbon dioxide, and water in the blood must be kept within narrow ranges. This requires continuous adjustments. For example:.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00909

Brain abscess in cyanotic heart disease is commonly located in

[ "Cerebellar hemisphere", "Thalamus", "Temporal lobe", "Parietal lobe" ]

D

Brain abscesses in congenital cyanotic heart diseases occur due to hematogenous seeding of bloodborne bacteria. These blood borne bacteria bypass the pulmonary capillary bed d/t right to left shunt. They commonly infect parietal & frontal lobes (territory of middle cerebral artery).

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_02534

Immunostimulant used for the treatment of malignant melanoma is:

[ "Levamisol", "BCG", "Aldesleukin", "Methotrexate" ]

C

(Ref: Katzung 10/e p906) It is a recombinant IL-2 used for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and maliguant melanoma.

openbookqa

obqa_02_03261

Some lizards form eggs where

[ "in space", "in fire", "in ice", "in their interiors" ]

D

reptiles lay eggs

sciq

sciq_01_04950

Strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness are properties of what subatomic particle?

[ "dark matter", "quarks", "pion", "molecules" ]

B

± symbols are the values for antiquarks. B is baryon number, S is strangeness, c is charm, b is bottomness, t is topness. Values are approximate, are not directly observable, and vary with model.

sciq

sciq_01_08525

The two complementary strands of what are separated, much like unzipping a zipper, in the initiation phase?

[ "Chromosomes", "RNA", "mRNA", "dna" ]

D

Stage 1: Initiation. The two complementary strands are separated, much like unzipping a zipper. Special enzymes, including helicase, untwist and separate the two strands of DNA. Stage 2: Elongation. Each strand becomes a template along which a new complementary strand is built. DNA polymerase brings in the correct bases to complement the template strand, synthesizing a new strand base by base. A DNA polymerase is an enzyme that adds free nucleotides to the end of a chain of DNA, making a new double strand. This growing strand continues to be built until it has fully complemented the template strand. Stage 3: Termination. Once the two original strands are bound to their own, finished, complementary strands, DNA replication is stopped and the two new identical DNA molecules are complete. Each new DNA molecule contains one strand from the original molecule and one newly synthesized strand. The term for this mode of replication is “semiconservative,” because half of the original DNA molecule is conserved in each new DNA molecule. This process continues until the cell’s entire genome, the entire complement of an organism’s DNA, is replicated. As you might imagine, it is very important that DNA replication take place precisely so that new cells in the body contain the exact same genetic material as their parent cells. Mistakes made during DNA replication, such as the accidental addition of an inappropriate nucleotide, have the potential to render a gene dysfunctional or useless. Fortunately, there are mechanisms in place to minimize such mistakes. A DNA proofreading process enlists the help of special enzymes that scan the newly synthesized molecule for mistakes and corrects them. Once the process of DNA replication is complete, the cell is ready to divide. You will explore the process of cell division later in the chapter.

sciq

sciq_01_06081

Australia is home to many endemic species. the (a) wallaby (wallabia bicolor), a medium-sized member of the kangaroo family, is a pouched mammal, or this?

[ "primate", "placental", "rodent", "marsupial" ]

D

Throughout Chemistry, you will find features that draw the students into scientific inquiry by taking selected topics a step further. Students and educators alike will appreciate discussions in these feature boxes. Chemistry in Everyday Life ties chemistry concepts to everyday issues and real-world applications of science that students encounter in their lives. Topics include cell phones, solar thermal energy power plants, plastics recycling, and measuring blood pressure. How Sciences Interconnect feature boxes discuss chemistry in context of its interconnectedness with other scientific disciplines. Topics include neurotransmitters, greenhouse gases and climate change, and proteins and enzymes. Portrait of a Chemist features present a short bio and an introduction to the work of prominent figures from history and present day so that students can see the “face” of contributors in this field as well as science in action.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_03361

Which of the following drug does NOT cause myopathy as side effect?

[ "Chloroquine", "Betamethasone", "Chloramphenicol", "Zidovudine" ]

C

Adverse effects of chloramphenicol includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome. Drugs causing myopathy are: Cimetidine Penicillamine Statins Amiodarone Colchicine Chloroquine Cyclosporine Lithium Zidovudine Alcohol Ref: Essentials of Electrodiagnostic Medicine By William Campbell, MD page 396, Deck D.H., Winston L.G. (2012). Chapter 44. Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, & Oxazolidinones. In B.G. Katzung, S.B. Masters, A.J. Trevor (Eds), Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 12e.

sciq

sciq_01_02874

What is the functional unit of compact bone?

[ "scleroprotein", "osteon", "spongin", "collagen" ]

B

Compact bone makes up the dense outer layer of bone. Its functional unit is the osteon . Compact bone is very hard and strong.

math_qa

mathqa_03_01741

q is as much younger than r as he is older than t . if the sum of the ages of r and t is 50 years , what is definitely the difference between r and q ’ s age ?

[ "1 year", "2 years", "25 years", "data inadequate" ]

D

"explanation given that : 1 . the difference of age b / w r and q = the difference of age b / w q and t . 2 . sum of age of r and t is 50 i . e . ( r + t ) = 50 . question : r – q = ? . explanation : r – q = q – t ( r + t ) = 2 q now given that , ( r + t ) = 50 so , 50 = 2 q and therefore q = 25 . question is ( r – q ) = ? here we know the value ( age ) of q ( 25 ) , but we don ’ t know the age of r . therefore , ( r - q ) can not be determined . answer d"

sciq

sciq_01_01733

How many types of simple machines are there?

[ "ten types", "two types", "three types", "six types" ]

D

There are six types of simple machines. Machines that consist of two or more simple machines are called compound machines.

sciq

sciq_01_01091

What type of galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms?

[ "round galaxies", "spherical galaxies", "pinwheel galaxies", "spiral galaxies" ]

D

Spiral galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms spiraling out from the center. The disk and arms contain many young, blue stars.

sciq

sciq_01_10547

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond between carbon atoms?

[ "amines", "lipids", "alkynes", "ketones" ]

C

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_02425

Ragi is richest source of -

[ "Carbohydrates", "Iron", "Calcium", "Proteins" ]

C

Ragi contain 344mg of calcium per 100g of ragi. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 628

math_qa

mathqa_03_03252

a student scored an average of 65 marks in 3 subjects : physics , chemistry and mathematics . if the average marks in physics and mathematics is 90 and that in physics and chemistry is 70 , what are the marks in physics ?

[ "86", "165", "76", "125" ]

D

"given m + p + c = 65 * 3 = 195 - - - ( 1 ) m + p = 90 * 2 = 180 - - - ( 2 ) p + c = 70 * 2 = 140 - - - ( 3 ) where m , p and c are marks obtained by the student in mathematics , physics and chemistry . p = ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) - ( 1 ) = 180 + 140 - 195 = 125 answer : d"

sciq

sciq_01_04002

Glands release what substance into the blood?

[ "toxins", "hormones", "acids", "enzymes" ]

B

human body system of glands that release hormones into the blood.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_03280

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is seen in

[ "Insulin resistance", "Thyroid hormone resistance", "Testosterone deficiency", "Calmodulin Deficiency" ]

D

ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Difficulty in paying attention, difficulty in controlling behavior and hyperactivity. Etiology- both genetic and environmental factors. Abnormality in dopamine transporter and thyroid receptor beta genes in some patients. Three subtypes are known: Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive Predominantly inattentive Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, using thorough clinical interview of parents and use of behavior rating scales. Physical examination includes direct observation of the child and ruling out chronic systemic illnesses that affect child's attention span.

ARC-Easy

arc_04_01382

Frogs lay eggs that develop into tadpoles and then into adult frogs. This sequence of changes is an example of how living things

[ "go through a life cycle", "form a food web", "act as a source of food", "affect other parts of the ecosystem" ]

A

null

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00892

Which of these is an inherited behavior?

[ "a seal balancing a ball", "a dog getting the newspaper", "a spider spinning a web", "an ape using sign language" ]

C

null

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_02954

lridocorneal endothelial syndrome is associated with

[ "Progressive atrophy of iris stroma", "Deposition of glycosaminoglycan in Descemet's membrane", "Deposition of collagen in Descemet's membrane", "Bilateral stromal oedema of iris and cornea" ]

A

GLAUCOMAS ASSOCIATED WITH IRIDOCORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL SYNDROMES Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndromes include three clinical entities: 1) Progressive iris atrophy, 2) Chandler's syndrome, and 3) Cogan-Reese syndrome. Pathogenesis: The common feature of the ICE syndromes is the presence of abnormal corneal endothelial cells which proliferate to form an endothelial membrane in the angle of anterior chamber. Glaucoma is caused by secondary synechial angle-closure as a result of contraction of this endothelial membrane. Clinical features: The ICE syndromes typically affect middle-aged women. The raised IOP is associated with characteristic features of the causative condition. 1) In 'progressive iris atrophy', iris features predominate with marked corectopia, atrophy and hole formation. 2) While in Chandler's syndrome, changes in iris are mild to absent and the corneal oedema even at normal IOP predominates. 3) Hallmark of Cogan-Reese syndrome is nodular or diffuse pigmented lesions of the iris (therefore also called as iris naevus syndrome) which may or may not be associated with corneal changes. Treatment: Medical treatment is often ineffective. Trabeculectomy operation usually fails, Aificial filteration shunt may control the IOP. Ref:- A K KHURANA; pg num:-237

sciq

sciq_01_09549

What is responsible for the physical changes of puberty?

[ "testosterone", "adrenaline", "caffeine", "nicotine" ]

A

CHAPTER REVIEW 27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System Gametes are the reproductive cells that combine to form offspring. Organs called gonads produce the gametes, along with the hormones that regulate human reproduction. The male gametes are called sperm. Spermatogenesis, the production of sperm, occurs within the seminiferous tubules that make up most of the testis. The scrotum is the muscular sac that holds the testes outside of the body cavity. Spermatogenesis begins with mitotic division of spermatogonia (stem cells) to produce primary spermatocytes that undergo the two divisions of meiosis to become secondary spermatocytes, then the haploid spermatids. During spermiogenesis, spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (formed sperm). Upon release from the seminiferous tubules, sperm are moved to the epididymis where they continue to mature. During ejaculation, sperm exit the epididymis through the ductus deferens, a duct in the spermatic cord that leaves the scrotum. The ampulla of the ductus deferens meets the seminal vesicle, a gland that contributes fructose and proteins, at the ejaculatory duct. The fluid continues through the prostatic urethra, where secretions from the prostate are added to form semen. These secretions help the sperm to travel through the urethra and into the female reproductive tract. Secretions from the bulbourethral glands protect sperm and cleanse and lubricate the penile (spongy) urethra. The penis is the male organ of copulation. Columns of erectile tissue called the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum fill with blood when sexual arousal activates vasodilatation in the blood vessels of the penis. Testosterone regulates and maintains the sex organs and sex drive, and induces the physical changes of puberty. Interplay between the testes and the endocrine system precisely control the production of testosterone with a negative feedback loop.

math_qa

mathqa_03_01373

a company that ships boxes to a total of 14 distribution centers uses color coding to identify each center . if either a single color or a pair of two different colors is chosen to represent each center and if each center is uniquely represented by that choice of one or two colors , what is the minimum number of colors needed for the coding ? ( assume that the order of the colors in a pair does not matter )

[ "7", "8", "5", "9" ]

C

"back - solving is the best way to solve this problem . you basically need 14 combinations ( including single colors ) if we start from option 1 - > 1 = > 4 c 2 + 4 = 10 ( not enough ) 2 = > 5 c 2 + 5 = 15 ( enough ) since the minimum number is asked . it should be 5 . answer - c"

sciq

sciq_01_07129

What provides an early, rapid, and nonspecific defense against invading pathogens?

[ "microorganisms", "toxins", "bacteria", "neutrophils" ]

D

Figure 42.1 In this compound light micrograph purple-stained neutrophil (upper left) and eosinophil (lower right) are white blood cells that float among red blood cells in this blood smear. Neutrophils provide an early, rapid, and nonspecific defense against invading pathogens. Eosinophils play a variety of roles in the immune response. Red blood cells are about 7–8 µm in diameter, and a neutrophil is about 10–12µm. (credit: modification of work by Dr. David Csaba).

sciq

sciq_01_10154

What is a mutation?

[ "change in the distinct sequence of dna", "change in the swetha sequence of dna", "change in the nucleotide sequence of dna", "change in the rna sequence of dna" ]

C

28.7 Patterns of Inheritance There are two aspects to a person’s genetic makeup. Their genotype refers to the genetic makeup of the chromosomes found in all their cells and the alleles that are passed down from their parents. Their phenotype is the expression of that genotype, based on the interaction of the paired alleles, as well as how environmental conditions affect that expression. Working with pea plants, Mendel discovered that the factors that account for different traits in parents are discretely transmitted to offspring in pairs, one from each parent. He articulated the principles of random segregation and independent assortment to account for the inheritance patterns he observed. Mendel’s factors are genes, with differing variants being referred to as alleles and those alleles being dominant or recessive in expression. Each parent passes one allele for every gene on to offspring, and offspring are equally likely to inherit any combination of allele pairs. When Mendel crossed heterozygous individuals, he repeatedly found a 3:1 dominant–recessive ratio. He correctly postulated that the expression of the recessive trait was masked in heterozygotes but would resurface in their offspring in a predictable manner. Human genetics focuses on identifying different alleles and understanding how they express themselves. Medical researchers are especially interested in the identification of inheritance patterns for genetic disorders, which provides the means to estimate the risk that a given couple’s offspring will inherit a genetic disease or disorder. Patterns of inheritance in humans include autosomal dominance and recessiveness, X-linked dominance and recessiveness, incomplete dominance, codominance, and lethality. A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, which may or may not manifest in a phenotype, is called a mutation.

sciq

sciq_01_10730

What type of organisms do carnivores feed on?

[ "animals", "decomposers", "eggs", "plants" ]

A

Carnivores feed on animals, either herbivores or other carnivores. Snakes that eat mice are carnivores. Hawks that eat snakes are also carnivores ( Figure below ).

openbookqa

obqa_02_04441

Why might a polar bear grow white hair?

[ "blend in", "stand out", "random", "look fancy" ]

A

the arctic environment is cold in temperature from being at a northern lattitude below 0 degrees celsius during most of the year

math_qa

mathqa_03_02694

george went to a fruit market with certain amount of money . with this money he can buy either 50 oranges or 40 mangoes . he retains 15 % of the money for taxi fare and buys 15 mangoes . how many oranges can he buy ?

[ "25", "17.5", "20", "16" ]

B

"let the amount of money be 200 let cost of 1 orange be 4 let cost of 1 mango be 5 he decides to retain 15 % of 200 = 30 for taxi fare , so he is left with 170 he buys 20 mangoes ( @ 5 ) so he spends 100 money left is 70 ( 170 - 100 ) no of oranges he can buy = 70 / 4 = > 17,5 so , george can buy 15 oranges . b"

math_qa

mathqa_03_02222

if each year the population of the country grows by 30 % , how many years will elapse before the population of the country doubles ?

[ "2", "4", "5", "3" ]

D

"till year 2000 , population is 100 . year 2001 : population becomes 130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 year elapsed year 2002 : population becomes 169 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 year elapsed year 2004 : population > 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 year elapsed answer : d"

math_qa

mathqa_03_03574

if 1 = 6 , 2 = 12 , 3 = 18 , 4 = 24 , 5 = 30 , then 6 = ?

[ "5", "3", "1", "7" ]

C

solution : 1 as stated 1 = 6 = > 6 = 1 answer c

sciq

sciq_01_01124

What are the building blocks of peptides?

[ "alkali", "magnets", "rocks", "amino acids" ]

D

A peptide is composed of two or more amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of peptides.

math_qa

mathqa_03_00418

5 men are equal to as many women as are equal to 8 boys . all of them earn rs . 60 only . men â € ™ s wages are ?

[ "6 rs", "2 rs", "4 rs", "9 rs" ]

C

"5 m = xw = 8 b 5 m + xw + 8 b - - - - - 60 rs . 5 m + 5 m + 5 m - - - - - 60 rs . 15 m - - - - - - 60 rs . = > 1 m = 4 rs . answer : c"

openbookqa

obqa_02_01610

A person takes a bucket full of water and adds it to a full pool. After adding fifty buckets of water to the pool, it

[ "drains", "dries", "bloats", "sinks" ]

C

as the amount of water in a body of water increases , the water levels will increase

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_04206

The significance of difference between propoions can also be tested by-

[ ".'t' test", "Chi square test", "ANOVA", "Correlation and regression" ]

B

* Chi-Square test offers a method of testing the significance of difference between the propoions. * Its advantage lies in the fact that it can also be used when more than two groups are to be compared. * By using this test, we can find out if the difference between two propoions or ratios has occurred by chance. The steps involved are- 1) Testing the null hypothesis. 2) Applying chi-square test. 3) Calculating the degree of freedom. 4) Comparing with probability tables.

sciq

sciq_01_04964

During which phase does dna replication occur in the cell cycle?

[ "mitosis", "gap", "synthesis", "resting" ]

C

9.2 | DNA Replication By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain the process of DNA replication • Explain the importance of telomerase to DNA replication • Describe mechanisms of DNA repair When a cell divides, it is important that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA. This is accomplished by the process of DNA replication. The replication of DNA occurs during the synthesis phase, or S phase, of the cell cycle, before the cell enters mitosis or meiosis. The elucidation of the structure of the double helix provided a hint as to how DNA is copied. Recall that adenine nucleotides pair with thymine nucleotides, and cytosine with guanine. This means that the two strands are complementary to each other. For example, a strand of DNA with a nucleotide sequence of AGTCATGA will have a complementary strand with the sequence TCAGTACT (Figure 9.8).

openbookqa

obqa_02_00755

The planet that contains many ecosystems is sequentially _________ from the center of its solar system

[ "fifth", "first", "third", "fourth" ]

C

the Earth contains many ecosystems

sciq

sciq_01_10753

What is the term for any behavior that occurs only after experience or practice?

[ "saved behavior", "learned behavior", "studied behavior", "practiced behavior" ]

B

Learned behavior is any behavior that occurs only after experience or practice. The more intelligent a species is, the more it depends on learned behaviors, which have the advantage of being flexible. Ways in which animals learn behaviors include habituation, observational learning, conditioning, learning through play, and insight learning.

sciq

sciq_01_04594

Where does growth in length occur, above the root cap?

[ "vascular cambrium", "primary meristem", "primary tuber", "apical meristem" ]

B

As shown in Figure below , the tip of a root is called the root cap . It consists of specialized cells that help regulate primary growth of the root at the tip. Above the root cap is primary meristem, where growth in length occurs.

math_qa

mathqa_03_04581

last year department store x had a sales total for december that was 3 times the average ( arithmetic mean ) of the monthly sales totals for january through november . the sales total for december was what fraction of the sales total for the year ?

[ "1 / 4", "4 / 15", "3 / 14", "4 / 11" ]

C

let avg for 11 mos . = 10 therefore , dec = 30 year total = 11 * 10 + 30 = 140 answer = 30 / 140 = 3 / 14 = c

math_qa

mathqa_03_02230

two employees a and b are paid a total of rs . 570 per week by their employer . if a is paid 150 percent of the sum paid to b , how much is b paid per week ?

[ "s . 130", "s . 140", "s . 150", "s . 228" ]

D

"let the amount paid to a per week = x and the amount paid to b per week = y then x + y = 570 but x = 150 % of y = 150 y / 100 = 15 y / 10 ∴ 15 y / 10 + y = 570 ⇒ y [ 15 / 10 + 1 ] = 570 ⇒ 25 y / 10 = 570 ⇒ 25 y = 5700 ⇒ y = 5700 / 25 = rs . 228 d )"

math_qa

mathqa_03_03245

jill has 42 gallons of water stored in quart , half - gallon , and one gallon jars . she has equal numbers of each size jar holding the liquid . what is the total number of water filled jars ?

[ "3", "6", "9", "72" ]

D

let the number of each size of jar = wthen 1 / 4 w + 1 / 2 w + w = 42 1 3 / 4 w = 42 w = 24 the total number of jars = 3 w = 72 answer : d

math_qa

mathqa_03_00331

how many 4 x 5 x 8 cubes could fit in a 10 x 16 x 84 box ?

[ "84", "90", "85", "77" ]

A

the answer is a ) 84 . the 10 x 16 x 84 box has an area of 13,440 . the 4 x 5 x 8 cubes have an area of 160 . if you divide 13,440 by 160 , you get 84 .

sciq

sciq_01_07073

The pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte after what occurs?

[ "hibernation", "excrement", "pollination", "evolution" ]

C

sciq

sciq_01_11195

What is another name for mother of pearl?

[ "nacre", "calcium", "pigment", "enamel" ]

A

Mother of pearl is also known as nacre. Nacre is the iridescent inner shell layer. It can be found in buttons, watch faces, knives, guns, and jewelry. It is also used to decorate various musical instruments.

sciq

sciq_01_04474

What is the name of the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage?

[ "sternum", "collar bone", "tibia", "pelvis" ]

A

Sternum The sternum is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the wider, superior portion of the sternum. The top of the manubrium has a shallow, U-shaped border called the jugular (suprasternal) notch. This can be easily felt at the anterior base of the neck, between the medial ends of the clavicles. The clavicular notch is the shallow depression located on either side at the superior-lateral margins of the manubrium. This is the site of the sternoclavicular joint, between the sternum and clavicle. The first ribs also attach to the manubrium. The elongated, central portion of the sternum is the body. The manubrium and body join together at the sternal angle, so called because the junction between these two components is not flat, but forms a slight bend. The second rib attaches to the sternum at the sternal angle. Since the first rib is hidden behind the clavicle, the second rib is the highest rib that can be identified by palpation. Thus, the sternal angle and second rib are important landmarks for the identification and counting of the lower ribs. Ribs 3–7 attach to the sternal body. The inferior tip of the sternum is the xiphoid process. This small structure is cartilaginous early in life, but gradually becomes ossified starting during middle age.

math_qa

mathqa_03_02996

a library has an average of 500 visitors on sundays and 140 on other days . the average number of visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with a sunday is :

[ "100", "200", "300", "400" ]

B

"explanation : since the month begins with a sunday , so there will be five sundays in the month , required average = ( 500 * 5 + 140 * 25 ) / 30 = 6000 / 30 = 200 answer : b ) 200"

sciq

sciq_01_09928

Glucose, fructose, and other sugars that have six carbons are called what?

[ "alcohols", "hexoses", "fluxes", "catalysts" ]

B

sciq

sciq_01_08340

The electrochemical potential across a membrane determines the tendency of an ion to do what?

[ "attach to the membrane", "move away from the membrane", "destroy the membrane", "cross the membrane" ]

D

The electrochemical potential across a membrane determines the tendency of an ion to cross the membrane. The membrane may be that of a cell or organelle or other sub cellular compartment. The electrochemical potential arises from three factors:.

sciq

sciq_01_06388

What is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration?

[ "absorption", "condensation", "secretion", "diffusion" ]

D

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. The difference in the concentrations of the molecules in the two areas is called the concentration gradient . Diffusion will continue until this gradient has been eliminated. Since diffusion moves materials from an area of higher concentration to the lower, it is described as moving solutes "down the concentration gradient. " The end result of diffusion is an equal concentration, or equilibrium , of molecules on both sides of the membrane.

math_qa

mathqa_03_04070

an urn contains 5 red , 6 blue and 8 green balls . 3 balls are randomly selected from the urn , find the probability that the drawn ball are 2 blue and 1 red ?

[ "25 / 323", "21 / 969", "28 / 989", "74 / 879" ]

A

"sample space = no . of ways 3 balls were drawn from urn = 19 c 3 = 969 no . ways 2 blue balls and 1 red were drawn from bag = 6 c 2 * 5 c 1 = 75 probability = 75 / 969 = 25 / 323 ans - a"

ARC-Easy

arc_04_01890

A group of students found metamorphic rocks near a campsite. The presence of metamorphic rocks is most likely evidence of

[ "dinosaur activity", "sediment deposition", "high pressure", "wind-borne sand" ]

C

null

sciq

sciq_01_08012

What action, performed multiple times daily, is the single biggest use of water in the home?

[ "washing clothes", "taking showers", "watering plants", "flushing the toilet" ]

D

It’s easy to save water at home. If you save even a few gallons a day you can make a big difference over the long run. The best place to start saving water is in the bathroom. Toilet flushing is the single biggest use of water in the home. Showers and baths are the next biggest use. Follow the tips below to save water at home.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00329

Not a complication of acute viral Hepatitis?

[ "Aplastic anemia", "Acute pancreatitis", "Autoimmune hepatitis", "Hepatocellular carcinoma" ]

D

Hepatocellular carcinoma is complication of chronic hepatitis. TEXT BOOK OF HARSH MOHAN SIXTH EDITION

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_03766

Dalen Fuchs nodules are found in :

[ "Superficial keratitis", "Sympathetic ophthalmitis", "Vernal catarrh", "Trachoma" ]

B

Dalen Fuchs nodules are scattered yellow choroidal lesions seen in Sympathetic ophthalmitis. These nodules are seen at the level of retinal pigment epithelium and choroid, preferentially involve the periphery. These nodules are highly suggestive of sympathetic ophthalmia. Sympathetic ophthalmia is a bilateral panuveitis which most commonly occur after ocular trauma, and less frequently following ocular surgery. It usually presents with granulomatous anterior segment inflammation, mild to moderate vitritis, and Dalen Fuchs nodules. Ref: Clinical Guide to Comprehensive Ophthalmology edited by David A. Lee, page 293.

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00044

Which of these is the chemical symbol for magnesium?

[ "Ma", "Mg", "Mn", "Mu" ]

B

null

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00359

A normal child will acquire complete neck control by

[ "8 weeks", "16 weeks", "28 weeks", "24 weeks" ]

B

GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: 2 months: Holds head in the plane of rest of the body when held in ventral suspension. In the prone position in bed, the chin lifts momentarily. 3 months: lift head above the plane of the body. Head control starts by 3 months and fully developed by 5 months. 4 months: Remain on forearm support if put in prone position, lifting the upper part of the body off the bed. 5 months: Rolls over. 6 months: sit in a tripod fashion. 8 months: sits without support., crawling 9 months: Takes a few steps with one hand held. Pulls to standing and cruises holding on to furniture by 10 months. 10 months: creeps 12 months: creeps well, walk but falls, stand without support. 15 months: walks well, walks backward/ sideways pulling a toy. May crawl upstairs. 18 months: Runs, walks upstairs with one hand held. Explores drawers 2 years: walk up and downstairs, jumps. 3 years: rides tricycle, alternate feet going upstairs. 4 years: hops on one foot, alternate feet going downstairs. 5 years: skips

sciq

sciq_01_10666

Clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels are examples of what type of species?

[ "invertebrates", "tortoises", "mammals", "mollusks" ]

D

Mollusks live in most terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. However, the majority of species live in the ocean. They can be found in both shallow and deep water and from tropical to polar latitudes. Mollusks are a major food source for other organisms, including humans. You may have eaten mollusks such as clams, oysters, scallops, or mussels.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_03206

N-MYC amplification is ssociated with which tumor?

[ "Burkitt lymphoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma lung", "Astrocytoma", "Neuroblastoma" ]

D

Reference :Robbins basic pathology 9th edition pg no 189:The most interesting cases of ampli cation involve NMYC in neuroblastoma and ERBB2 in breast cancers. NMYC is ampli ed in 25% to 30% of neu roblastomas, and the ampli cation is associated with poor prognosis

sciq

sciq_01_00735

According to law, what must packaged foods carry?

[ "nutrition facts label", "pricing", "country of origin", "warnings" ]

A

Packaged foods are required by law to carry a nutrition facts label, like the one in Figure below . The labels show the nutrient content and ingredients of foods. Reading labels can help you choose foods that are high in nutrients you need more of (such as proteins) and low in nutrients you need less of (such as fats).

ARC-Easy

arc_04_01033

Several types of mechanisms in the body regulate the rate of chemical reactions in the digestive system. Among the most important are feedback systems, which control the release rate of

[ "lipids.", "enzymes.", "nucleic acids.", "carbohydrates." ]

B

null

sciq

sciq_01_00367

During photosynthesis, what is energy from the sun converted to after entering a plant?

[ "Carbon", "glucose", "Proteins", "chloride" ]

B

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are direct opposite reactions. Energy from the sun enters a plant and is converted into glucose during photosynthesis. Some of the energy is used to make ATP in the mitochondria during cellular respiration, and some is lost to the environment as heat.

openbookqa

obqa_02_04177

matter in the liquid phase has what shape?

[ "circle", "adaptable", "triangle", "square" ]

B

Matter in the liquid phase has variable shape

openbookqa

obqa_02_04105

Yeast deposited in an oven from a closet

[ "rises", "compresses", "falls", "requires antifungal cream" ]

A

moving an object from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase

ARC-Easy

arc_04_02094

In the human body, the breaking down of food into simple substances occurs in the

[ "digestive system.", "excretory system.", "circulatory system.", "respiratory system." ]

A

null

openbookqa

obqa_02_03267

Make sure to protect your eyes when working with chemicals because they can easily do what if handled wrong

[ "nothing", "fly", "run away", "spatter upward" ]

D

chemical splashing can cause harm to the eyes

sciq

sciq_01_01880

Free-flowing electrons enable what materials to conduct electricity and heat very well?

[ "noble gases", "metals", "acids", "alloys" ]

B

This model for metallic bonding explains some of the physical properties of metals. Metals conduct electricity and heat very well because of their free-flowing electrons. As electrons enter one end of a piece of metal, an equal number of electrons flow outward from the other end, allowing an electrical current to pass through the material with minimal resistance. Additionally, because the electron "glue" that holds the metal atoms together is very easy to deform and reshape, bulk metals can be easily hammered, bent, and pulled without breaking apart.

sciq

sciq_01_02897

Although lots of symbiotic relationships help both organisms, sometimes one of the organisms is harmed. when that happens, the organism that benefits, and is not harmed, is called a what?

[ "parasite", "child", "viruses", "infection" ]

A

Although lots of symbiotic relationships help both organisms, sometimes one of the organisms is harmed. When that happens, the organism that benefits, and is not harmed, is called a parasite . This type of relationship is known as parasitism.

sciq

sciq_01_06630

Plant cuttings are an example of what type of reproduction?

[ "heterosexual", "homosexual", "asexual", "autosexual" ]

C

openbookqa

obqa_02_00798

what does lighting it cause a candle?

[ "it stays same", "none of these", "it gets shorter", "it gets taller" ]

C

lighting a candle causes that candle to burn

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_04049

Kwashiorkor is diagnosed in growth retarded children along with:

[ "Edema and mental changes", "Hypopigmentation and anemia", "Edema and hypopigmentation", "Hepatomegaly and anemia" ]

A

Kwashiorkor: Malnutrition with poor appetite Edema Mental changes- apathy, lethargy Others- flaky paint dermatosis, flag sign

sciq

sciq_01_01030

A yolk sac replaces what structure for nourishing a marsupial embryo?

[ "Stomach", "glucose", "uterus", "placenta" ]

D

The marsupial embryo is nourished inside the uterus with food from a yolk sac instead of through a placenta. The yolk sac stores enough food for the short period of time the embryo remains in the uterus. After the embryo is born, it moves into the mother’s pouch, where it clings to a nipple. It remains inside the pouch for several months while it continues to grow and develop. Even after the offspring is big enough to leave the pouch, it may often return to the pouch for warmth and nourishment ( Figure below ). Eventually, the offspring is mature enough to remain outside the pouch on its own.

openbookqa

obqa_02_00154

Breaking a vase changes its

[ "center of gravity", "shape and mass", "chemical composition", "speed" ]

B

breaking down an object changes that object 's shape and mass

sciq

sciq_01_01834

Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is what?

[ "tissue", "cylindrical", "striated", "atrophied" ]

C

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00217

The light brown perinuclear pigment seen on H & Estaining of the cardiac muscle fibres in the grosslynormal appearing hea of an 83 year old man atautopsy is due to deposition os:

[ "Hemosiderin", "Lipochrome", "Cholesterol metabolite", "Anthracotic pigment" ]

B

. Lipochrome

math_qa

mathqa_03_03232

machine p can print one lakh books in 8 hours . machine q can print the same number of books in 10 hours while machine r can print the same in 12 hours . all the machines started printing at 9 a . m . machine p is stopped at 11 a . m . and the remaining two machines complete work . approximately at what time will the printing of one lakh books be completed ?

[ "3 pm", "2 pm", "1 : 00 pm", "11 am" ]

C

explanation : work done by p in 1 hour = 1 / 8 work done by q in 1 hour = 1 / 10 work done by r in 1 hour = 1 / 12 work done by p , q and r in 1 hour = 1 / 8 + 1 / 10 + 1 / 12 = 37 / 120 work done by q and r in 1 hour = 1 / 10 + 1 / 12 = 22 / 120 = 11 / 60 from 9 am to 11 am , all the machines were operating . ie , they all operated for 2 hours and work completed = 2 × ( 37 / 120 ) = 37 / 60 pending work = 1 - 37 / 60 = 23 / 60 hours taken by q an r to complete the pending work = ( 23 / 60 ) / ( 11 / 60 ) = 23 / 11 which is approximately equal to 2 hence the work will be completed approximately 2 hours after 11 am ; ie around 1 pm answer : option c

ARC-Challenge

arc_04_02644

Which of these objects has the greatest mass?

[ "brick", "soccer ball", "note pad", "quarter" ]

A

null

sciq

sciq_01_00007

Organisms categorized by what species descriptor demonstrate a version of allopatric speciation and have limited regions of overlap with one another, but where they overlap they interbreed successfully?.

[ "surface species", "species complex", "ring species", "fitting species" ]

C

Ring species Ring species demonstrate a version of allopatric speciation. Imagine populations of the species A. Over the geographic range of A there exist a number of subpopulations. These subpopulations (A1 to A5) and (Aa to Ae) have limited regions of overlap with one another but where they overlap they interbreed successfully. But populations A5 and Ae no longer interbreed successfully – are these populations separate species? In this case, there is no clear-cut answer, but it is likely that in the link between the various populations will be broken and one or more species may form in the future. Consider the black bear Ursus americanus. Originally distributed across all of North America, its distribution is now much more fragmented. Isolated populations are free to adapt to their own particular environments and migration between populations is limited. Clearly the environment in Florida is different from that in Mexico, Alaska, or Newfoundland. Different environments will favor different adaptations. If, over time, these populations were to come back into contact with one another, they might or might not be able to interbreed successfully - reproductive isolation may occur and one species may become many.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_01944

Hereditary angioneurotic edema is due to -

[ "Deficiency of C1 inhibitor", "Deficiency of NADPH oxidase", "Deficiency of MPO", "Deficiency of properdin" ]

A

The deficiency of C1 inhibitor is associated with hereditary angioneurotic edema. It is a condition characterised by episodic angioedema of the subcutaneous tissues or of the mucosa of the respiratory or alimentary tracts. Fatal if larynx or trachea affected. Attack is precipitated by local exhaustion of the reduced amount of the C1 inhibitor present ,leading to the autocatalytic activation of C1 and unrestrained breakdown of C4 and C2. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 126 <\p>

math_qa

mathqa_03_01538

a rectangular grassy plot 110 m . by 65 m has a gravel path 2.5 m wide all round it on the inside . find the cost of gravelling the path at 80 paise per sq . metre

[ "rs 680", "rs 780", "rs 880", "rs 480" ]

A

"area of the plot = 110 m * 65 m = 7150 sq . m area of plot excluding gravel = 105 m * 60 m = 6300 sq . m area of gravel = 7150 sq . m - 6300 sq . m = 850 sq . m cost of building it = 850 sq . m * 80 = 68000 p in rs = 68000 / 100 = rs 680 answer : a"

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_02585

Order of anastomosis in Whipple's procedure:

[ "Pancreaticojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy", "Hepaticojejunostomy, pancreaticojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy", "Gastrojejunostomy, pancreaticojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy", "Pancreaticojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy" ]

D

Tumor position Procedure Head (malignant) Pylorus preserving Whipple's procedure Head (benign) Enucleation Body & Tail Distal pancreatectomy. Whipple's procedure: Pancreaticojejunostomy, Hepaticojejunostomy Gastrojejunostomy Pylorus preserving Whipple's procedure: Pancreaticojejunostomy, Hepaticojejunostomy, Gastrojejunostomy, Duodenojejunostomy. Maxium risk of leak occurs from Pancreaticojejunostomy > Gastrojejunostomy > Hepaticojejunostomy.

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00270

Cells that conduct messages are known as

[ "skin cells", "nerve cells", "blood cells", "kidney cells" ]

B

null

math_qa

mathqa_03_00143

3 / [ ( 1 / 0.03 ) + ( 1 / 0.37 ) ] = ?

[ "0.004", "0.08333", "2.775", "3.6036" ]

B

"approximate . 1 / . 03 = 100 / 3 = 33 1 / . 37 = 100 / 37 = 3 denominator becomes 33 + 3 = 36 3 / 36 = . 08 something answer ( b )"

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_00847

Blue vire technology is used in

[ "VorTEX", "VorTEX Blue", "D3XF", "Twisted Blue" ]

B

VorTEX uses M wire NiTi

sciq

sciq_01_09405

What are the three types of muscle tissue in the body?

[ "proliferating , cardiac , smooth", "topography , cardiac , smooth", "spongy, cardiac, skeletal", "skeletal, cardiac, smooth" ]

D

10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues Muscle is the tissue in animals that allows for active movement of the body or materials within the body. There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Most of the body’s skeletal muscle produces movement by acting on the skeleton. Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the heart and pumps blood through the circulatory system. Smooth muscle is found in the skin, where it is associated with hair follicles; it also is found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and internal passageways, where it assists in moving materials.

medmcqa

medmcqa_05_02471

A medical student has been studying for exams and neglects to eat anything for 12 hours. At this point, the student opens a large bag of pretzels and eats every one of them in a short period. Which one of the following effects will this meal have on the student's metabolic state?

[ "Liver glycogen stores will be replenished.", "The rate of gluconeogenesis will be increased.", "The rate at which fatty acids are converted to adipose triacylglycerols will be reduced.", "Blood glucagon levels will increase." ]

A

After a meal of carbohydrates (the major ingredient of pretzels), glycogen is stored in the liver and in muscle, and triacylglycerols are stored in adipose tissue. Owing to the rise in glucose level in the blood (from the carbohydrates in the pretzels), insulin is released from the pancreas, and the level of glucagon in the blood decreases. Because blood glucose levels have increased, there is no longer a need for the liver to synthesize glucose, and gluconeogenesis decreases. The change in insulin to glucagon ratio also inhibits the breakdown of triacylglycerols and favors their synthesis. The brain oxidizes glucose to CO2 andH2 O, whereas the red blood cells produce lactate from glucose because red blood cells cannot carry out aerobic metabolism.

openbookqa

obqa_02_00597

A deer

[ "would live in an area devoid of fauna or flora", "would live in an area surrounded by redwoods", "would live in a highly populate city", "would live in an aquatic environment" ]

B

a deer lives in a forest

sciq

sciq_01_04864

In a heat map, what color represents the hottest temperatures?

[ "bright yellow", "pink", "orange", "bright red" ]

A

A heat wave over the United States as indicated by heat radiated from the ground. The bright yellow areas are the hottest, and the blue and white are coolest.

math_qa

mathqa_03_04906

the sum of digits of a two digit number is 12 , the difference between the digits is 6 . find the number

[ "85", "93", "83", "72" ]

B

"description : = > x + y = 12 , x - y = 6 adding these 2 x = 18 = > x = 9 , y = 3 . thus the number is 93 answer b"

sciq

sciq_01_05277

What is the name for the pores in leaves that allow a plant to retain water or exchange gases?

[ "rhizomes", "neurons", "chloroplasts", "stomata" ]

D

To allow the plant to retain water and exchange gases, small pores (holes) in the leaves called stomata also evolved ( Figure below ). The stomata can open and close depending on weather conditions. When it's hot and dry, the stomata close to keep water inside of the plant. When the weather cools down, the stomata can open again to let carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.

ARC-Easy

arc_04_00848

Which of the following could limit the supply of a renewable resource?

[ "recycling aluminum cans", "cutting down trees in forests", "mining minerals such as gold", "conserving freshwater resources" ]

B

null

openbookqa

obqa_02_04239

If you are at a pond throwing rocks, what picnic leisure item should a rock look most like for skipping?

[ "Frisbee", "Soccer Ball", "Football", "Stick" ]

A

contact between rocks over long periods of time causes rocks to smooth