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stringlengths 7
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| premise
stringlengths 8
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| question
stringclasses 2
values | choice1
stringlengths 8
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| conceptual_explanation
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train-0
|
There is a light rain today.
|
effect
|
The roots of many plants are not moistened by rain.
|
Tourists have seen many ripples.
| 0 |
Precipitation reaches soil surfaces.
|
train-1
|
Susan wants to buy a restricted pesticide.
|
effect
|
She bought rotenone.
|
He decided to buy amylase.
| 0 |
Rotenone is a restricted-use pesticide.
|
train-2
|
His parents stopped him.
|
cause
|
The child ran towards hippos.
|
Mike wanted to have a bird who has the lest number of feathers.
| 0 |
Hippos are among the megafaunal species dangerous to humans.
|
train-3
|
The shamans were to start their sacred ceremonies.
|
effect
|
They disappear immediately after finishing eating the dead body.
|
They moved to a cave.
| 1 |
Caves are sacred ceremonies sites utilized by the shamans.
|
train-4
|
She mainly studied drugs.
|
cause
|
Lily likes the art form of truth.
|
Susan majored in pharmacology at university.
| 1 |
Pharmacology is the science of drugs.
|
train-5
|
Mario owns a factory which is in full automation.
|
effect
|
He spends lots of money buying machines each year.
|
The factory produces many different products in various fields.
| 0 |
Automation refers to intensive use of machinery in production.
|
train-6
|
He understood the pixels as their basic building blocks.
|
cause
|
The math teacher knows the importance of mnemonics.
|
The photographer has to edit digital images.
| 1 |
Pixels are the basic building blocks of all digital images.
|
train-7
|
He greeted the orcas in the water.
|
effect
|
The orcas spouted water to respond to him.
|
He paid no effort to avoid the most dangerous vipers.
| 0 |
Orcas are very social animals.
|
train-8
|
Vulnerable plants deserve protection.
|
effect
|
Placentas can block it.
|
Shrubs are in need of protection throughout their life cycle.
| 1 |
Shrubs remain vulnerable throughout their life cycle.
|
train-9
|
Tom eats a lot of eggs every day.
|
effect
|
The cholesterol content in his body is extremely high, so he suffers from gallstones.
|
His hatchery can produce hundreds of millions of fertilized eggs every year.
| 0 |
Gallstones are lumps composed mainly of cholesterol.
|
train-10
|
Linkage failed to occure here.
|
cause
|
The particular membrane proteins were damaged.
|
This old tree shows Senescence.
| 0 |
Linkage occurs via integral membrane proteins.
|
train-11
|
The doctor applied hallucinogens to the patient despite its unpredictable effect.
|
effect
|
The patient fell asleep.
|
The patient was in a dangerous state.
| 1 |
Hallucinogens are particularly dangerous.
|
train-12
|
Figs are more adapt to the condition of high temperature.
|
effect
|
Figs would be sweater.
|
Regulation occurs from time to time.
| 0 |
Figs are mostly tropical plants naturally growing wild in south-east Asian jungles.
|
train-13
|
There was a line of bulrushes.
|
cause
|
There was an excess terminal hair growth in a female with a male distribution pattern.
|
They finally reached the mouth of the cave.
| 1 |
Bulrushes line the mouth of a cave.
|
train-14
|
Rays of varying wavelengths show different color.
|
effect
|
Sunshine striking the earth is composed of different colors.
|
The rays of the sun will be the most colorful on a particular place on earth soon.
| 0 |
Sunshine strikes the earth in rays of varying wavelengths.
|
train-15
|
Tom has glaucoma.
|
effect
|
He is afflicted with obesity.
|
Doctor advised him to use coleus.
| 1 |
Coleus is used in treatments to relieve glaucoma pressure within the eye.
|
train-16
|
He said he could feel causalgia.
|
cause
|
A man had nerve injury.
|
He learned about the plants of the Sequoia family.
| 0 |
Causalgia occurs after a nerve injury.
|
train-17
|
Jack keeps the goats alone.
|
effect
|
His mother avoids using disinfectants in their house.
|
The goat has a poor appetite.
| 1 |
Goats are herd animals so depend on the companionship of other goats.
|
train-18
|
The researcher separated integral membrane proteins from the tonoplast.
|
effect
|
They are TIPs.
|
He reported that he had successfully extracted hemoglobin.
| 0 |
TIPs are integral membrane proteins in the tonoplast.
|
train-19
|
Many pupils joined the class.
|
effect
|
They increased the size of the class.
|
Teachers found that pupils have grown a lot.
| 0 |
Pupils change size.
|
train-20
|
The meat mixture dissolves after a while.
|
cause
|
Tom puts some meat chunks into water.
|
Tom puts some meat mixture into water.
| 1 |
Mixture dissolves in water.
|
train-21
|
He was badly wounded.
|
effect
|
He still beared the scars.
|
He died.
| 0 |
Wounds lead to scars.
|
train-22
|
Amy sufferdfrom estrogen dysfunction.
|
effect
|
Doctors diagnosed low estrogen levels in her body.
|
The progestins in her body helped her get back to normal.
| 1 |
Progestins help to regulate the effects of estrogens.
|
train-23
|
She has got a piece of gold with high sense of fineness.
|
cause
|
Max bought his daughter Periwinkles.
|
Lucy has paid a lot of money.
| 1 |
Fineness describes the purity of gold.
|
train-24
|
Productivity has increased five times over the past.
|
cause
|
The boss energized people to be productive.
|
This factory dares to innovate and uses robots for production.
| 1 |
Innovation contributes to productivity growth.
|
train-25
|
Lili will choose a branch of systematics to continue her study.
|
effect
|
She chooses taxonomy.
|
She went to a college after graduation from high school.
| 0 |
Taxonomy is one of the three branches of systematics.
|
train-26
|
They got separated.
|
cause
|
Solutes chromatographically reacted with the micelles.
|
Solutes chromatographically interacted with the micelles.
| 1 |
Solutes chromatographically interact with the micelles to achieve separation.
|
train-27
|
All devices inside were turned off.
|
cause
|
The beaker was broken down.
|
We have to reduced the energy consumption in that room to zero.
| 1 |
Devices use energy.
|
train-28
|
Light does not zigzag.
|
cause
|
Light passes through the inhomogeneously refractive media.
|
Light passes through the homogeneously refractive media.
| 1 |
Rays are rectilinear in homogeneously refractive media.
|
train-29
|
The orchid entwined on a tree this year.
|
cause
|
Tom cut down a tree.
|
Jack planted some orchids in his yard last year.
| 1 |
Orchids are an epiphyte.
|
train-30
|
It was snowing heavily.
|
effect
|
Tom lit the fireplace.
|
The shingle was loosen.
| 0 |
Fireplaces catch fire.
|
train-31
|
He opened the faucet and used the water.
|
cause
|
Tom wants to wash his hands.
|
The researcher needed a bottle of water.
| 0 |
Washers use water.
|
train-32
|
Tom has antigen in his body.
|
effect
|
He stays healthy every time the virus strikes.
|
Tom's body is getting stronger and stronger.
| 0 |
Antigen induces immune responses.
|
train-33
|
Bananas are yello.
|
effect
|
It's the side effect after having an operation.
|
Xanthophylls have the same color.
| 1 |
Xanthophylls are also yellow.
|
train-34
|
I climbed for fun.
|
effect
|
I supplemented some carbohydrates.
|
I felt exhilarated.
| 1 |
Climbing cause exhilaration.
|
train-35
|
It turned out that it was marked by vertebrates.
|
cause
|
Tom has done a research about seawater.
|
He searched what is the culmination of nervous system evolution on the internet.
| 1 |
Vertebrates mark the culmination of nervous system evolution.
|
train-36
|
The Covalence of this atom is seven.
|
effect
|
The atom needs 7 electrons to gain to produce a stable outer shell.
|
He bought a ticket to Egypt.
| 0 |
Covalence is the number of electrons an atom needs to gain to produce a stable outer shell.
|
train-37
|
The pharaohs of Egypt were mummified after their death.
|
effect
|
These pharaoh's bodies are well preserved.
|
These mummies symbolize their eternal life.
| 0 |
Mummification is the process of drying out a dead body to prevent it from rotting.
|
train-38
|
She is familiar with the relationship of all the angels.
|
cause
|
Kim learned Phrenology.
|
She studied angelology in university.
| 1 |
Angelology is the study of angels.
|
train-39
|
You can give it some twigs.
|
cause
|
I do not know how to cook this hare.
|
I forget to buy food for my hare.
| 1 |
Hares consume twigs.
|
train-40
|
He is interested in the study of beagles.
|
cause
|
Jerry is interested in the study on the oldest dogs living.
|
The biologist has noticed that the bord has two short orange colored legs.
| 0 |
Beagles are one the oldest dogs living.
|
train-41
|
Some nonnative plants have appeared in the garden.
|
effect
|
They are amazingly capable.
|
The gardener takes them into consideration.
| 1 |
Gardeners consider invasive plants.
|
train-42
|
The is a piece of mango on the grass.
|
effect
|
Climbers can see emblem of China on it top.
|
Ants went to eat the mango.
| 1 |
Mangos attract ants.
|
train-43
|
The metabolism operated smoothly.
|
cause
|
There were enough glutathione to be conjugated.
|
Vaccines activiated antobodies in Tom's body.
| 0 |
Metabolism occurs predominantly by conjugation with glutathione.
|
train-44
|
Today it is found that the reservoir was full.
|
cause
|
The reservoir was emptied.
|
There was a heavy rain yesterday.
| 1 |
Cisterns contain rainwater.
|
train-45
|
They have seen doctors all around the country to cure the wife's infertility.
|
effect
|
They gradually got psychological problems and can not fall asleep during night.
|
They are very happy while traveling all around the world.
| 0 |
Infertility causes psychological pain.
|
train-46
|
She sells rose seeds for a living.
|
cause
|
Maria plants a lot of roses.
|
The woman's husband thought she was going to be rich because she said she had a great harvest.
| 0 |
Roses produce seeds.
|
train-47
|
The doctor found that her baby teeth were inflamed.
|
cause
|
This woman was required to have an amniocentesis.
|
Alice has a toothache.
| 1 |
Girls have baby teeth.
|
train-48
|
Sam asked his son to bring him materials for bait making.
|
effect
|
He got some alloys.
|
His son brought some fresh vegetables.
| 1 |
Bait uses fresh vegetables.
|
train-49
|
Tom touched toxic materials by mistake.
|
effect
|
Deflation occurs.
|
Tom needed to do operation.
| 1 |
Operations involve toxic materials.
|
train-50
|
They first need to distribute their tasks.
|
cause
|
The king's kingdom is a huge collection of individuals.
|
They are preparing a presentation.
| 1 |
Preparation includes distribution.
|
train-51
|
A group of doves and pigeons were thirsty.
|
effect
|
They drank water similarly in continuous draughts.
|
They swung their heads through the water to wash faces.
| 0 |
Doves drink water like pigeons in a continuous draught.
|
train-52
|
Tom could't control his sphincter because of his spine problem.
|
effect
|
As a result, he was often incontinent.
|
Scientists and doctors from all countries are working hard to control it.
| 0 |
Sphincters control anuses.
|
train-53
|
It found a hutch.
|
cause
|
The hobo was extremely hungry.
|
The rabbit wanted a shelter.
| 1 |
Hutches provide shelter.
|
train-54
|
We are stationed near this swamp.
|
effect
|
We often meet ducks.
|
You should not touch its surface.
| 0 |
Marsh attracts ducks.
|
train-55
|
She buys a big bag of milk.
|
cause
|
Shirley wants a healthy breakfast.
|
Margaret is going to make cheese.
| 1 |
Cheese uses milk.
|
train-56
|
The masseuse punctured Harry's body with fine needles to relieve his pain.
|
cause
|
He needed a Chinese treatment to relieve pain.
|
Harry goes to a massage shop to receive Chinese acupuncture.
| 1 |
Acupuncture is a chinese technique of puncturing the body with very fine needles to relieve pain.
|
train-57
|
He had to somke.
|
cause
|
John cannot spell Xanthophylls.
|
He left the room suddenly.
| 1 |
Smokers leave rooms.
|
train-58
|
I buried the seed of dogwoods.
|
effect
|
They grew up.
|
Sewage couldn't be carried away.
| 0 |
Dogwoods grow readily from seed.
|
train-59
|
The doctor told him it was nephrolithiasis.
|
cause
|
Tom can't digest well after eating food.
|
The checkup shows that there is a stone in his kidney.
| 1 |
Nephrolithiasis is the medical term for the presence of stones in the kidney.
|
train-60
|
I don't talk about libertarianism.
|
cause
|
I have no idea about political philosophy.
|
I don't want others know I followed Paganism.
| 0 |
Libertarianism is a political philosophy.
|
train-61
|
All the pineapples he planted died.
|
cause
|
He was afraid of minks.
|
Jason planted pineapples in the direct-sunlight place.
| 1 |
Pineapple grows well in partial shade.
|
train-62
|
There research is about rays.
|
cause
|
Their research focuses on homogeneously refractive media with rectilinear waves.
|
Their research focuses on homogeneously refractive media with rectilinear pathway.
| 1 |
Rays are rectilinear in homogeneously refractive media.
|
train-63
|
Tom needs to calculate about the quantity.
|
effect
|
He took use of stoichimetry.
|
He should concern about the factor of resitivity.
| 0 |
Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantities in a chemical equation.
|
train-64
|
Tom's cat and mine had cat scratch encephalopathy.
|
effect
|
They can't live well in a strange environment.
|
The vet pointed out adenitis in both cats.
| 1 |
Adenitis is present in all cases of cat scratch encephalopathy.
|
train-65
|
It has been used in a lot of medicines.
|
cause
|
The kudzu can treat many kinds of diseases.
|
The factory processed a large amount of zinc.
| 0 |
Kudzu has requirements.
|
train-66
|
Reproduction causes a large population increase.
|
cause
|
The city has a high natality.
|
Shamir is calculating the ratio of changes in the female population.
| 0 |
Natality adds to the number in a population by reproduction.
|
train-67
|
He analysed the composition of the soil.
|
effect
|
He discovered many different elements.
|
He did it.
| 0 |
Soil contains many different elements.
|
train-68
|
I never heard the sounds of cicadas in Antactica.
|
cause
|
It is evening.
|
I have traveled all the continents on earth.
| 1 |
Cicadas exist on every continent but Antarctica.
|
train-69
|
Time flies.
|
effect
|
Tom becomes more outgoing.
|
People should swallow food directly without fusing it with saliva in their mouths.
| 0 |
Expression increases over time.
|
train-70
|
Tom needs some spermatids to conduct experiments of artificial insemination.
|
effect
|
He is dissecting a mouse for its lumina.
|
He is dissecting a mouse for its stomach.
| 0 |
Spermatids are present surrounding the lumina.
|
train-71
|
The dazzling rays on the gift angered the manager.
|
cause
|
Tom bought an expensive present for the manager.
|
Tom wrapped the gift for the manager in gold foil.
| 1 |
Foil reflects rays.
|
train-72
|
Tom communicates with others via his heart.
|
effect
|
He betrayed his partners for his own benefit.
|
Others can feel the sincerity of his emotion.
| 1 |
Heart is a kind of emotion.
|
train-73
|
He was helped a lot by the recommendations.
|
cause
|
The manager wrote his advice in the email.
|
Tom has bought a guideline from the shop.
| 1 |
Guidelines include recommendations.
|
train-74
|
His mother asked him to calm down so as not to be happy and sorrowful.
|
cause
|
Tom is mischievous in catching bees in the garden.
|
Tom was extremely happy when he won the first prize.
| 1 |
Dispassion is the having overcome one's desires.
|
train-75
|
Tom wants to cut toenails on his feet with a knife.
|
effect
|
He has masterly avoid some troubles in the process.
|
He asks for a toenail.
| 1 |
Toenails are the knife of a foot.
|
train-76
|
Ted and Robin are madlly in love.
|
effect
|
They decide to have a baby.
|
They are called lovers.
| 0 |
Pregnancy is the ultimate intimacy possible between human beings.
|
train-77
|
He can maintain his posture without falling over.
|
cause
|
The yoga master has a good balance.
|
John has a great sense of balance.
| 1 |
Balance is the ability to maintain posture without the urge to fall over.
|
train-78
|
She realized it was just a tree with small leaves.
|
cause
|
Lucy just got up.
|
Lucy saw a poplar.
| 1 |
Poplars are a type of tree with small leaves.
|
train-79
|
Lucy was allergic to the frangrance that she has just bought.
|
cause
|
The vet said the oestrogen of the cow is too high.
|
Lucy has an allergy to chemicals.
| 1 |
Fragrances are chemicals.
|
train-80
|
His hand was badly swollen from the bee sting.
|
cause
|
Tom is mischievous in catching bees in the garden.
|
Typing requires the coordination of hand and brain.
| 0 |
Conversations are a phenomenon of language.
|
train-81
|
Mary had a kitten.
|
effect
|
She adopted a healthy baby.
|
She was scratched by the kitten.
| 1 |
Kitties have paws.
|
train-82
|
I like eating meat very much.
|
effect
|
I feel energetic.
|
I try to keep it from hotness.
| 0 |
Meat is a high energy food source.
|
train-83
|
There are many merlins living in this forest.
|
effect
|
People can usually observe a merlin hunt alone here.
|
They have energy to carry out their own life functions.
| 0 |
Merlins are usually solitary hunters.
|
train-84
|
Tom took the exam three times before he got the qualification certificate of optometrist.
|
effect
|
He succeeded.
|
He can take care of other people's eyes.
| 1 |
Optometrists are state-licensed health care professionals.
|
train-85
|
Aerosols came into the air around the subtropical area.
|
effect
|
The weather is getting warmer gradually.
|
Visitors there saw burning clouds.
| 1 |
Aerosols also lead to cloud burning in the subtropical area.
|
train-86
|
Lucy smokes a lot.
|
effect
|
She looks much oler than her classmates.
|
It's pain for her to spend a lot of money on that little luxury.
| 0 |
Tobacco also causes premature aging especially in women.
|
train-87
|
The parakeet is hungry.
|
effect
|
The owner fed it a lot of vegetables.
|
The boa wanted to make friends with the bird.
| 0 |
Parakeets can eat many kinds of vegetables.
|
train-88
|
Jack suffers from optic atrophy.
|
effect
|
Jack finds that every person in the photo has a different mouth shape.
|
The doctor said he might lose his sight.
| 1 |
Blindness can result from atrophe of the optic nerve.
|
train-89
|
This product was repelled byan inducing magnetic field.
|
effect
|
This product has diamagnetism.
|
It function hasn't been influenced.
| 0 |
Diamagnetism is when the substance is repelled by an inducing magnetic field.
|
train-90
|
He picked a few leaves of mint and put them in.
|
cause
|
Tom wanted to decrease the permeability of the cultured epithelial monolayers.
|
John needed some mint for this dish he was making.
| 1 |
Mint has leaves.
|
train-91
|
Tom felt lonely.
|
effect
|
Marry went to accompany Tom.
|
He often feels homeless.
| 0 |
People accompany people.
|
train-92
|
It was hurt by the latter's teeth.
|
cause
|
Tomy threw a big bug to the pheasant.
|
The monster was bit by Tyrannosaurus.
| 1 |
Tyrannosauruses possess teeth.
|
train-93
|
Tom has a stuffy nose.
|
effect
|
He was in constant fear of it when sleeping.
|
He has to carry a decongestant with him.
| 1 |
Decongestants treat nasal congestion.
|
train-94
|
He was diagnoised with Gigantism.
|
cause
|
He studied three naturally magnetic elements.
|
Tom had excessive secretion of during childhood.
| 1 |
Gigantism is caused by excessive secretion of during childhood.
|
train-95
|
He finds a map and puts signs along an isobar.
|
cause
|
Tom wants to put signs on a mountain at places with the same air pressure.
|
Tom wants to put signs on a mountain at places with water.
| 0 |
Isobars are lines connecting points with the equal air pressure.
|
train-96
|
She saw the man that murdered the couples.
|
effect
|
She is the witness.
|
She looked directly at the text.
| 0 |
Witnesses have experience.
|
train-97
|
Whites are my teachers.
|
cause
|
I learned from the people who invented free speech.
|
My friends are playing chess.
| 0 |
Whites are the people who invented free speech.
|
train-98
|
Tom has a new idea to earn money.
|
effect
|
The recycling station paid him a sum of money.
|
He has gained a lot of profits.
| 1 |
Interest is the price of money.
|
train-99
|
Her boyfriend immediately called to comfort her.
|
cause
|
K's father was hospitalized with a toxic buildup in his liver.
|
Mary sent a emoticon "crying" to her boyfriend on her cell phone.
| 1 |
Emoticons are combinations of characters used to represent various emotions.
|
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