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stringlengths 7
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| premise
stringlengths 8
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| question
stringclasses 2
values | choice1
stringlengths 8
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| conceptual_explanation
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train-100
|
He searched for the yaks.
|
effect
|
They have made holes in a steep slope that used to be thickly vegetated.
|
He found they were in areas.
| 1 |
Yaks stay in areas.
|
train-101
|
It is time for this little nutria to have a partner.
|
effect
|
It is already five-moths old.
|
It should wait another fives years before mating.
| 0 |
Nutria reach sexual maturity at four to six months.
|
train-102
|
Tom does badly in playing chess.
|
effect
|
He has a low intelligence.
|
He cannot solve the problem from start to finish.
| 1 |
Chess is problem-solving from start to finish.
|
train-103
|
What came from the eggs are parrots.
|
cause
|
Tom picked up several eggs.
|
The twins are from the division of one fertilized egg.
| 0 |
Parrots lay eggs.
|
train-104
|
The doctors use a thulium fiber laser to remove the tumor during operation.
|
cause
|
A man was suffering from stomach trouble.
|
A man got cancer.
| 1 |
Thulium has no biological role but is said to stimulate the metabolism.
|
train-105
|
Tom wants to get married with Lucy.
|
effect
|
He bought a diamond ring for Lucy.
|
Lucy hates her husband.
| 0 |
Diamonds are the most famous of gems.
|
train-106
|
She collected some samples of the nonverbal language of the deaf.
|
cause
|
Lucy is a girl majoring in paralanguage.
|
The doctor analyzed many amnesia patients.
| 0 |
Paralanguage is the study of nonverbal cues of the voice.
|
train-107
|
Infiltration between cells reaches equilibrium.
|
effect
|
Cells exist in a stable state.
|
Yield advantage was shown.
| 0 |
Equilibrium leads to states.
|
train-108
|
The model needs natural light for shooting.
|
effect
|
She turns the lamps on during each shooting.
|
There are waves in the sea and ripples at the shore.
| 0 |
Lamps produce natural light.
|
train-109
|
Tom's mother always feels dizzy recently.
|
effect
|
The doctor diagnosed her with high blood pressure.
|
Doctor gave him ibuprofen as medicine.
| 0 |
Hypertension affects nearly one in three adults.
|
train-110
|
They brainstormed.
|
effect
|
They proposed themselves easily.
|
They came to a great idea.
| 1 |
Ideas are concepts created in the mind.
|
train-111
|
In winter here, people wear clothes with very good thermal insulation when they go out.
|
cause
|
There are a lot of cockroaches around the house.
|
It is quite cold here in winter, and the temperature can reach as low as minus 30 degrees.
| 1 |
Clothing provides protection from the elements by increasing the insulating capacity of the body.
|
train-112
|
Sam is used to bite his fingers since he was a kid.
|
cause
|
Tom has arthrits.
|
Sam's mother often bit her fingers.
| 1 |
Behaviour has heritable components.
|
train-113
|
It includes integers starting from zero.
|
cause
|
The paper lists MIDI numbers.
|
The paper lists many percents.
| 0 |
MIDI preset numbers are integers starting from zero.
|
train-114
|
Inequality dissappointed the college student.
|
effect
|
They found the most serious one was racism.
|
He dropped out from the university.
| 1 |
Inequality is the nature of a university.
|
train-115
|
The atmosphere in her class was negatively affected.
|
cause
|
Miss Li's managemant of her class was too strict.
|
Amy didn't deal with the tantrum of her son very well.
| 0 |
Management has negative effects.
|
train-116
|
He found they all died of Malnourishment.
|
cause
|
The researcher investigated the premature death in these pet birds.
|
The hunter raised some ermines.
| 0 |
Malnourishment is a leading cause of premature death in pet birds.
|
train-117
|
Jack looks for rhizoids.
|
effect
|
Jack finds that rhizoids grow in marginal groups.
|
He saw a lot of aphids.
| 0 |
Rhizoids are produced in marginal groups.
|
train-118
|
His wrong conclusion is laughed at.
|
cause
|
This U.S. lawmaker uses a wrong logic in this speech.
|
He is used to observing other people's words and deeds.
| 0 |
Logic leads to faulty conclusions.
|
train-119
|
This boy was added to our family via the the permanent legal process.
|
effect
|
Adoption gives him new life.
|
More people in us were attracted by it.
| 0 |
Adoption is the permanent legal process of adding a child to a family.
|
train-120
|
The results showed high levels of glutamates.
|
cause
|
Tom has met two plesiosaurs.
|
Scientists conducted a series of experiments on truffles.
| 1 |
Truffles are unusually high in glutamates.
|
train-121
|
These people were guided by the fireflies without any light.
|
cause
|
We wanted to imitate the cloud' reflection of sunlight.
|
Tom and his companions have met some fireflies in the dark night.
| 1 |
Fireflies glow by bioluminescence.
|
train-122
|
Basketball players wear the knee pads on.
|
cause
|
Basketball players want to look cool.
|
Basketball players don't want to get hurt in the game.
| 1 |
Knees are the most vulnerable joints in the body.
|
train-123
|
The boss found Tom's difficulty with division.
|
effect
|
Boss arranges him into the human resource department.
|
Tom was fired for a lack of fundamental operation of arithmetic.
| 1 |
Division is a fundamental operation of arithmetic.
|
train-124
|
The newspapers gave headlines on it.
|
cause
|
Tom is going to date with his beloved girl.
|
This thing has great impact on our daily life.
| 1 |
Impact makes headlines.
|
train-125
|
The dracaena turns yellow and then withers.
|
cause
|
Alice waters the dracaena with distilled water.
|
Alice waters the dracaena with tap water containing fluoride.
| 1 |
Dracaena is very sensitive to fluoride.
|
train-126
|
He had a lot of perspiration.
|
cause
|
Tom always felt hot in winter.
|
Tom felt hot because of the sunshine.
| 0 |
Perspiration occurs even in cold weather.
|
train-127
|
Its stripes made my eyes see everything blurred.
|
cause
|
I stared at my budgie for hours.
|
My shirt was stained by oily dirt.
| 0 |
Budgies have stripes.
|
train-128
|
Scientist study margins.
|
effect
|
The patient showed diminished activity of levodopa.
|
Scientists have discovered a large amount of sediments on the earth.
| 1 |
Margins are the principal locus of sediment accumulation on Earth.
|
train-129
|
He noticed an announcement on it.
|
cause
|
Jack looks at the hologram in different lights.
|
Mike bought a journal.
| 1 |
Journals include announcements.
|
train-130
|
It's normal that sepals fall.
|
cause
|
Seals can resist coldness.
|
The flower is new-born.
| 1 |
Sepals fall early in the life of the flower.
|
train-131
|
Amy had Hollyhocks in her garden.
|
effect
|
She can see they bloom in seasons.
|
They cut their roots for food.
| 0 |
Hollyhocks bloom in seasons.
|
train-132
|
He stuck to seeking the truth.
|
cause
|
The knight was brave.
|
The policeman aimed to realize his dream.
| 1 |
Realization seeks truth.
|
train-133
|
They clearly know health care needs of the elderly.
|
cause
|
Jack's group often publicizes how to love others.
|
They are gerontologists.
| 1 |
Gerontologists specialize in the specific health care needs of the elderly.
|
train-134
|
Tom considers malacology as disgusting.
|
effect
|
He dislikes the study of mollusks.
|
His mother explained to him patiently using the picture book at home.
| 0 |
Malacology is the study of mollusks.
|
train-135
|
Dodos get plenty of food.
|
cause
|
Summer is coming.
|
Fruits are ripe in autumn.
| 1 |
Dodos eat ripe fruit.
|
train-136
|
Mary wanted to study metabolic phenomena.
|
effect
|
She first chose to observe liver cells.
|
The doctor used colchicine in the treatment.
| 0 |
Metabolism occurs primarily in the hepatocytes.
|
train-137
|
Strip cucumber beetles would damage the crop field.
|
effect
|
The farmer has used some pesticide to drive away them to avoid damaging the field.
|
The farmer drove them away.
| 1 |
Pests include strip cucumber beetles.
|
train-138
|
Jack's tissue is damaged.
|
effect
|
It is concluded that the reason is that Tom always stays up all night.
|
It is concluded that the reason is abundance after the doctor's diagnosis.
| 1 |
Abundances damage tissue.
|
train-139
|
Tomb-Sweeping Day occurs on lunar March 23rd.
|
cause
|
He is influenecd by the Nihilism.
|
People always mourn their dead relatives in lunar March.
| 1 |
Festivals occur during mourn periods.
|
train-140
|
They went to find water in the well.
|
cause
|
Villagers are thirsty.
|
The people in the Gulf of Mexico are short of water.
| 0 |
Wells have water.
|
train-141
|
The teacher told her it was a soybean.
|
cause
|
I asked the teacher which kind of sugar will glycolysis.
|
Mary found a plant that was dark green with a slightly lighter silvery green layer underneath the leaves.
| 1 |
Soybeans are a deep green with a slightly paler shade of silver-green on the underside of the leaf.
|
train-142
|
Tom likes eating turkey.
|
effect
|
He is super healthy.
|
He is diagnosed with exceeding levels of amino acid tryptophan.
| 1 |
Turkey has high levels of the amino acid tryptophan.
|
train-143
|
He has difficulities in clotting.
|
cause
|
Plastics in his blood are at a low level.
|
Platelets in his blood are at a low level.
| 1 |
Platelets are particles in the blood the assist in clotting.
|
train-144
|
Tom has a garden.
|
effect
|
He considered to grow mushrooms and a few other food crops.
|
Tom grows carrots in his garden.
| 1 |
Vegetables grow in private gardens.
|
train-145
|
He must be nursed and watched every second of the day by his parents.
|
cause
|
He is still an infancy.
|
John unfortunately got cancer.
| 0 |
Infancy is a time of extreme dependence on adults.
|
train-146
|
He asked for help from a cardiologist.
|
cause
|
He wanted to relieve his pain by acupuncture.
|
John had cardiovascular disease.
| 1 |
Cardiologists help treat people with cardiovascular disease.
|
train-147
|
Meat was deleted in my menu.
|
cause
|
I got tired of dealing with the practical affairs of men.
|
I should have the lightest diet.
| 1 |
Meat is a very high source of fat an unnecessary element in a healthy diet.
|
train-148
|
A few days later they thrived.
|
cause
|
He put the small crayfish in the fish tank.
|
I saw several Cassias seedlings here.
| 1 |
Cassias are fast growing plants.
|
train-149
|
Food was provided for them.
|
cause
|
The octopi was hungry.
|
The Bushbucks were locked in a cage.
| 1 |
Bushbucks require food.
|
train-150
|
Tom is very mindful of his friends' sentiments.
|
effect
|
He recognized the emotional fluctuations in his friend.
|
Tom writes down the things he wants to express.
| 0 |
Mindfulness leads to recognition of the energy essence of emotions.
|
train-151
|
He planted some elms.
|
cause
|
Old Edward doesn't want his skin to become sensitive.
|
Tom needs some flowers.
| 1 |
Elms have perfect flowers.
|
train-152
|
The physicist got the luminosity of this star.
|
cause
|
Physicists calculate the ratio of the energy escaping from the surface of the star to time.
|
The physicist calculates the ratio of the mass and volume of the star.
| 0 |
Luminosity is defined to be the amount of energy escaping from a star's surface per unit time.
|
train-153
|
Mary is pregnant so she stop taking Tums anymore.
|
cause
|
It has been a few weeks since Mary was pregnant.
|
Talc has an impact on the health of pregnant women.
| 1 |
Tums contain a variety of compounds including talc as a binder.
|
train-154
|
The hardness of quartz is 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, glass is 6-6.5.
|
effect
|
The octopod sucked on the glass with its eight tentacles of equal length.
|
A piece of quartz crystal will scratch a piece of glass.
| 1 |
Quartz is harder then glass.
|
train-155
|
Too much anaerobic respiration of muscles in her legs was caused.
|
cause
|
Lucy's legs got cramps.
|
I am a student majored in cladistics.
| 0 |
Cramps is the cause of too much anaerobic respiration.
|
train-156
|
The sampling size of the aquifers is up to themselves.
|
effect
|
Scientists didn't find anything unusual.
|
Samples of different sizes were collected from those aquifers.
| 1 |
Aquifers come in all sizes.
|
train-157
|
Winnie had no wrinkles on her face when she was young.
|
cause
|
Festering skin can appear after tissue breaks down.
|
Winnie, 40, found wrinkles on her face.
| 1 |
Skin changes with age.
|
train-158
|
He still took in some carbohydrates.
|
cause
|
Tom ate a lotvitamin b a day.
|
Tom ate many turnips a day.
| 1 |
Turnips contain carbohydrates.
|
train-159
|
Fluids dissipated in both types of flow.
|
effect
|
Fluids lost energy.
|
Some oil floats on the surface.
| 0 |
Fluids lose energy through dissipation in both types of flow.
|
train-160
|
They found Pseudoephedrine in it.
|
cause
|
The scientist collected some breast milk.
|
The scientists tested a bowl of water.
| 0 |
Pseudoephedrine is excreted in breast milk.
|
train-161
|
The date showed that they increased via rhizomes just beneath the surface of the soil.
|
cause
|
The roses in the garden were in full bloom.
|
He looked it up to see how clumps increased.
| 1 |
Clumps increase via rhizomes just beneath the surface of the soil.
|
train-162
|
Tom moved the neighbor's flower buds to his garden.
|
effect
|
Stomata helps them absorbs moisture from the air.
|
It didn't take long for this flower bud to grow into a beautiful and complete flower.
| 1 |
Abundances increase over time.
|
train-163
|
The workers are faced with difficulties.
|
effect
|
They grow on ground to approach those roots.
|
They asked the boss to figure out the technical problems.
| 1 |
Difficulty poses technical problems.
|
train-164
|
Eaters are hungry.
|
effect
|
They open their mouths to enjoy their food.
|
They collect food.
| 0 |
Eaters have large mouths.
|
train-165
|
Tom is a racist.
|
effect
|
Tom thinks everyone is equal.
|
Tom belongs to 3K party.
| 1 |
Misconception comes from ideas.
|
train-166
|
The professor read Tom's thesis overview.
|
effect
|
The professor knew how many chapters it was divided into.
|
He described his experience.
| 0 |
Overviews include variation.
|
train-167
|
The discriminated group suffer from unfair treatment.
|
effect
|
Gays have experience related to unfairness.
|
The doctor found the herpes enters her body through tiny passages in the skin.
| 0 |
Gays are the individuals who are now being discriminated against.
|
train-168
|
The doctor gave him something with ipecac.
|
cause
|
He needed a Chinese treatment to relieve pain.
|
Tom was taken to the hospital with food poisoning.
| 1 |
Ipecac treats some types of poisonings by causing vomiting.
|
train-169
|
Leah takes pictures in the daytime.
|
cause
|
Leah thinks it's ideal to take pictures in the sunlight.
|
Leah likes to take pictures.
| 0 |
The presence of sunlight causes it to be daytime.
|
train-170
|
Mike lives in a basin.
|
effect
|
He is afflicted with obesity.
|
He is used to the seasonal variability.
| 1 |
Basins have seasonal variability.
|
train-171
|
His hair grows slowly.
|
cause
|
Tom grew tress in his yard.
|
Jack has sebum accumulation.
| 1 |
Sebum build up is a common reason behind slow hair growth.
|
train-172
|
It must be thirsty and wants to get some water.
|
cause
|
There was a chicken in the shrubs.
|
That kiang went to the riverside.
| 1 |
Kiangs drink water.
|
train-173
|
He monitored the entire area in real time.
|
effect
|
He found that no crash occured.
|
He found that crashes occured in areas.
| 1 |
Crashes occur in areas.
|
train-174
|
The balloon floated up in to the air.
|
cause
|
Sam punctured the balloon.
|
Sam did not grasp the balloon.
| 1 |
Balloons fill with hydrogen oxygen.
|
train-175
|
She has strong disires to live in a group.
|
cause
|
Mary and her mother are in different lobbies.
|
She has high sociability.
| 1 |
Sociability refers to our desires to live in a group.
|
train-176
|
Tom believes in egalitarianism.
|
effect
|
Tom has a sense of ethics.
|
He is not an irreligious man.
| 1 |
Egalitarianism is a religious belief.
|
train-177
|
He got a pile of monomer models.
|
cause
|
My dad had an interest in cameras.
|
Tom took apart the intact molecular model.
| 1 |
Monomers are the fundamental molecular unit.
|
train-178
|
The thieves saw Tom left.
|
effect
|
The thieves sneak into Tom's home.
|
They handed in the stolen things.
| 0 |
Theft is the appropriation of property without the owner's consent.
|
train-179
|
Julia's love is destroyed by this hatred.
|
cause
|
The Julia family has long resented the Romeo family.
|
The old couple are abondoned by their only son.
| 0 |
Hatred is a prolonged anger towards a fellow human.
|
train-180
|
The committees recruit talents to maintain utilities.
|
cause
|
Utilities are closely related to residents' daily lives.
|
The country want to move large amounts of water great distances.
| 0 |
Commissions require utilities.
|
train-181
|
He shifted the camera a little.
|
cause
|
I asked him to adjust the viewpoint.
|
John withdrew the curtain when we watched the holograms.
| 0 |
Viewpoint is the position of the camera in relation to the subject.
|
train-182
|
The soldiers quickly took out the first aid kit.
|
cause
|
The country lacks soldiers.
|
This car was bombed.
| 1 |
Troopers respond to accident scenes.
|
train-183
|
The vet examined many kinds of vertebrates.
|
effect
|
He found that almost all of them were kinds of brachiopods.
|
He found varied kinds of parasites in their body.
| 1 |
Vertebrates expose to parasites.
|
train-184
|
The lecturer mentioned general cancer preventatives.
|
effect
|
The listeners thought of selenium.
|
I trust his discrimination.
| 0 |
Selenium is claimed to be a general cancer preventative.
|
train-185
|
The doctor examined the wound.
|
effect
|
He found there were also some sills.
|
He found that it involved bacterial infection.
| 1 |
Wounds involve bacterial infection.
|
train-186
|
Lucy has to do an operation for the patient.
|
effect
|
His body failed to bring newly oxygenated blood to the tissues.
|
She firstly injects meperidine into the patient.
| 1 |
Meperidine appears to block the neuronal reuptake of serotonin.
|
train-187
|
She can often observe them from the direction of hercules.
|
cause
|
Mary likes motmots very much.
|
Susan observed comets with a telescope.
| 1 |
Comets appear to come primarily from the direction of the constellation hercules.
|
train-188
|
Tom intended to distinguish pumpkinseeds from other sunfish through their feeding habits.
|
effect
|
Tom is wrong.
|
He failed.
| 1 |
Pumpkinseeds have similar feeding habits to other true sunfish.
|
train-189
|
Tom is an expert in genomics.
|
effect
|
He has discovered several new genes.
|
He mainly studies about fossil remains of animals.
| 0 |
Genomics is the field of gene discovery.
|
train-190
|
Tom's tooth was hit head-on while playing basketball.
|
effect
|
Tom's tooth was avulsed.
|
Tom got stinged.
| 0 |
Avulsion is defined as the loss of a tooth through frontal impact.
|
train-191
|
The orbit of Earth has changed.
|
cause
|
Time goes on.
|
The earth is bearing more and more humans.
| 0 |
Orbits change over time.
|
train-192
|
The baby can not survive without a pacemaker.
|
cause
|
The infant has congenital heart disease.
|
The circuit is closed.
| 0 |
Deficiencies disrupt essential biological functions.
|
train-193
|
Kiki dissected the head of a wolf.
|
effect
|
Kiki found an additional joint in its jaw.
|
Kiki found an additional joint in its tail.
| 0 |
Cynodonts have an additional joint in their jaws.
|
train-194
|
He hates Jerry's libertarianism.
|
cause
|
Jack is a cowboy.
|
Jerry hates any kind of political philosophy.
| 1 |
Libertarianism is a political philosophy.
|
train-195
|
He found this slender-bodied dragonfly had relatively weak powers of flight.
|
cause
|
He saw a creature with big mouth and small head.
|
Tom saw a damselfly flying.
| 1 |
Damselflies are slender-bodied dragonflies with relatively weak powers of flight.
|
train-196
|
He can not pronounce words clearly now.
|
cause
|
Mario's lungs were severely infected by influenza.
|
The soldier is afraid of explosions.
| 0 |
Lungs have pronounce effects.
|
train-197
|
Tom belongs to the garrison of national boundaries.
|
effect
|
He sees the sufaces areas of frontiers every day.
|
He knows exactly what to do at any time.
| 0 |
Boundaries have surface areas.
|
train-198
|
They waited for the safety of darkness.
|
cause
|
They can't see the way clearly.
|
The group of songbirds planned to migrate.
| 1 |
Songbirds migrate in the safety of darkness.
|
train-199
|
The rare stone was eroded particle by particle.
|
effect
|
It was destroyed by abrasion.
|
It became an Barrow.
| 0 |
Abrasion is particle by particle erosion.
|
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