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1e959a44-ebca-4ef2-9593-28e4db404ac9 | Which of the following drugs is not hypoglycemic? | Ethosuxinide | Tolbutamide | Glibenclamide | Chlorpropamide | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"chlorpropamide",
"tolbutamide"
] | 155,624 |
4d7f16c7-b471-434f-9892-76f6285b3831 | Pregnant,37 weeks of gestation has mild pains for 10 hours and cervix is persistently 1cm dilated and non-effaced. What will be the next appropriate management : | Sedation and wait | Augmentalion with oxytocin | Cesarean section | Amniotomy | 0a
| single | In primi, the latent phase is often long (about 8 hours) during which effacement occurs; the cervical dilatation averaging only 0.35 cm/hr. In multi, the latent phase is sho (about 4 hours) and effacement and dilatation occur simultaneously. Latent phase is the preparatory phase of the uterus and the cervix before the actual onset of labor. A latent phase that exceeds 20 hours in primigravidae or 14 hours in multiparae is abnormal. The causes include--(1) unripe cervix (2) malposition and malpresentation (3) cephalopelvic dispropoion and (4) premature rupture of the membranes. Management: Expectant management is usually done unless there is any indication (for the fetus or the mother) for expediting the delivery. Rest and analgesic are usually given. When augmentation is decided, medical methods are preferred. Amniotomy is usually avoided. Prolonged latent phase is not an indication for cesarean delivery. Ref : Dutta Obs 9e pg 376. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics | [
"oxytocin"
] | 155,639 |
19754025-703a-46db-b28e-6f64396c18f2 | A 44 year old businessman presents to a physician because of a markedly inflamed and painful right great toe.He states that he just returned from a convention, and had noticed increasing pain in his right foot during his plane trip home. Physical examination is remarkable for swelling and erythema of the right great toe as well as small nodules on the patient's external ear. Aspiration of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint of the affected toe demonstrates needle-shaped negatively birefringent crystals. Which of the following agents would provide the most immediate relief for this patient? | Allopurinol | Aspirin | Colchicine | Probenecid | 2c
| multi | The patient has gout, which is due to precipitation of monosodium urate crystals in joint spaces (notably the great toe) and soft tissues (causing tophi, which are often found on the external ears). Colchicine reduces the inflammation caused by the urate crystals by inhibiting leukocyte migration and phagocytosis secondary to an effect on microtubule assembly. Allopurinol and its metabolite, oxypurinol, inhibit xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that forms uric acid from hypoxanthine. Therapy with this agent should be begun 1-2 weeks after the acute attack has subsided. Aspirin competes with uric acid for tubular secretion, thereby decreasing urinary urate excretion and raising serum uric acid levels. At high doses (more than 2 gm daily) aspirin is a uricosuric. Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone are uricosuric agents, increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid, hence decreasing serum levels of the substance. Therapy with these agents should be begun 1-2 weeks after the acute attack has subsided. Ref: Grosser T., Smyth E. (2011). Chapter 34. Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, and Analgesic Agents; Pharmacotherapy of Gout. In B.C. Knollmann (Ed), Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e. | Pharmacology | null | [
"probenecid",
"allopurinol",
"colchicine"
] | 155,643 |
044ebe0e-def1-4743-81f8-0cd16788d932 | Which of the following is a mast cell stabilizer: September 2005 | Montelukast | Sodium chromoglycate | Cetrizine | Theophylline | 1b
| single | Ans. B: Sodium Chromoglycate Mast cell stabilizers are cromone medications used to prevent or control ceain allergic disorders. They block a calcium channel essential for mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and related mediators. Without intracellular calcium, the histamine vesicles cannot fuse to the cell membrane and degranulate. As inhalers they are used to treat asthma, as nasal sprays to treat hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Finally in oral form they are used to treat the rare condition of mastocytosis Cromoglicic acidicromolyrVcromoglycate/cromoglicate is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglycate or cromolyn sodium. This drug prevents the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells. | Pharmacology | null | [
"theophylline",
"montelukast"
] | 155,660 |
bbd90dcc-f431-4d11-ba5f-f7472173e999 | In MDR TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to: | Isoniazid + Ethambutol | Rifampcin + Ethambutol | Isoniazid + Rifampcin | Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide | 2c
| single | Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to Isoniazid + Rifampicin - MDR.TB
Mycobacterium.tuberculosis resistant to Isoniazid, Rifampicin and one of the Fluoroquinolone and any one of the second line drug used in Mycobacterium.tuberculosis - XDR.TB | Pharmacology | null | [
"ethambutol",
"isoniazid"
] | 155,666 |
45df68a1-368b-4542-9942-3e3b1e7d55dd | All the following drugs are used in acute anterior uveitis except | Pilocarpine | Atropine | Timolol | Propranolol | 0a
| multi | A i.e. PilocarpineMiotics eg pilocarpine or other cholinergics are contraindicated in treatment of anterior uveitis Qas these increase chances of synechiae formation. It is also contraindicated in malignant glaucoma Q & post inflammatory glaucoma Q.Mydriatic-cycloplegic drugs eg. atropine Q, homatropine, cyclopentolate are most effective drugs during acute phase of anterior uveitis. These act byi) Gives rest to eye by relieving iris sphincter and ciliary muscle spasmQii) Prevents formation of synechiae & break already formed synechiaeiii) Reduce exudation by decreasing hyperemia & vascular permeability | Ophthalmology | null | [
"pilocarpine",
"propranolol",
"atropine",
"timolol"
] | 155,674 |
768da2f5-5b3e-4376-95c8-76c8fd202cea | Thrush: | Occurs only in elderly | Is caused by a gram -ve bacteria | Is seen clinically as a proliferative lesion | Responds to nystatin | 3d
| multi | null | Pathology | null | [
"nystatin"
] | 155,693 |
de3a7af3-911e-440a-b1e1-3e6b0bd91f62 | Staphylococcus aureus remains in the skin for longer period because of - | Catalase | Coagulase | Hyaluronidase | None | 2c
| multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hyaluronidase Hyaluronidase breaks down the connective tissue and helps in the spread of infection. | Microbiology | null | [
"hyaluronidase"
] | 155,695 |
f9e25305-0cb6-491c-a618-484b6899c970 | Which of the following system is most sensitive to atropine | Respiratory mucosa | Hea | Pupil | Gastrointestinal motility | 0a
| single | Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed: Pg no:154 The endpoint for atropinization is dried pulmonary secretions. Tachycardia and mydriasis must not be used to limit or to stop subsequent doses of atropine | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | [
"atropine"
] | 155,702 |
67a40cc7-adc6-43f9-a7b3-7afd26986cfc | Systemic vascular resistance is twice that of normal, treatment should be | Adrenaline | Nor adrenaline | Sodium nitroprusside | Isoprenaline | 2c
| single | Increase in systemic vascular resistance means vasoconstriction, this is a vasodilator drugs like nitroprusside is given. Adrenaline and noradrenaline act as vasopressors whereas isoprenaline increases systolic blood pressure by acting on hea Refer kDT 7/e p567 | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"nitroprusside"
] | 155,705 |
59ab2af9-63fe-4fa0-8f5e-643e02ae7132 | All of the following are topical steroids EXCEPT ? | Hydrocoisone valerate | Fluticasone propionate | Dexamethasone | Prednisolone | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prednisolone | Pharmacology | null | [
"prednisolone",
"dexamethasone"
] | 155,711 |
fb0be7c1-acad-44d4-9e14-03f01213b154 | A gardener comes with linear nodules on the hand for last one year , how will you treat the patient. | Amphotericin B | Griseofulvin | Ampicillin | Iodine | 3d
| single | Diagnosis is Rose gardener disease/ Sporotrichosis commonly seen in farmers, gardeners, florists etc. It is caused by Sporothrix schenckii (Thermally dimorphic) Fungi Fungus may produce a series of inflamed nodules along the line of lymphatic drainage (i. e. linear lesions). Three types: C/F Rx 1. Cutaneous Nodules Itraconazole 2. Lymphatic (MC) Linear nodules with Satellite lesions Itraconazole >Saturated Solution of KI (SSKI) S/E: Thyroid problem 3. Systemic Upper lobe of lung Amphotericin B | Dental | Fungal infections | [
"ampicillin",
"griseofulvin"
] | 155,740 |
b535ad27-035b-449d-b378-28f9718d4b36 | Which of the following inhalational agent is contraindicated in renal disease? | Methoxyflurane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | Isoflurane | 0a
| single | Methoxyflurane produces inorganic fluoride, which was responsible for the sporadic incidence of nephrotoxicity (i.e., high-output renal failure) after prolonged anesthesia Basics of anesthesia 7e pg:95 | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | [
"methoxyflurane",
"isoflurane",
"sevoflurane",
"desflurane"
] | 155,759 |
0b982125-19e2-46b2-9e5c-54e69e7fd5c9 | Vitamin d true is | UVB converts it to active form | It enhances intestinal absorption of proteins | Vit D3 is crgocalciferol | Cholccalcifcrol is converted to calcitriol in liver | 0a
| multi | (A) UVB converts it to active formVitamin D refers to a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc. In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D3 (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol can be ingested from the diet and from supplements. The body can also synthesize vitamin D (specifically cholecalciferol) in the skin, from cholesterol, when sun exposure is adequate (hence its nickname, the "sunshine vitamin").Synthesis from exposure to sunlight and intake from the diet generally contribute to the maintenance of adequate serumconcentrations. Evidence indicates the synthesis of vitamin D from sun exposure is regulated by a negative feedback loop that prevents toxicity, but because of uncertainty about the cancer risk from sunlight, no recommendations are issued by the Institute of Medicine, USA, for the amount of sun exposure required to meet vitamin D requirements. Accordingly, the Dietary Reference Intakefor vitamin D assumes no synthesis occurs and all of a person's vitamin D is from food intake, although that will rarely occur in practice. As vitamin D is synthesized in adequate amounts by most mammals exposed to sunlight, it is not strictly a vitamin, and may be considered a hormone as its synthesis and activity occur in different locations. Its discovery was due to effort to find the dietary substance lacking in rickets (the childhood form of osteomalacia).Beyond its use to prevent osteomalacia or rickets, the evidence for other health effects of vitamin D supplementation in the general population is inconsistent. The best evidence of benefit is for bone health. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on mortality is not clear, with one meta-analysis finding a decrease in mortality in elderly people, and another concluding no clear justification exists for recommending vitamin D. Because it found mounting evidence for a benefit to bone health, and though it had not found good evidence of other benefits, the FDA intends to begin requiring manufacturers to declare the amount of Vitamin D on Nutrition Facts labels, because they are now "nutrients of public health significance." It's also preparing to increase the minimum recommended Daily Value (DV) for Vitamin D from 15 micrograms to 20 micrograms.In the liver, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is converted to calcidiol, which is also known as calcifediol (INN), 25- hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 -- abbreviated 25(OH)D3. Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) is converted in the liver to 25-hydroxyergocalciferol, also known as 25-hydroxyvitamin D2-- abbreviated 25(OH)D2. These two specific vitamin D metabolites are measured in serum to determine a person's vitamin D status. Part of the calcidiol is converted by the kidneys to calcitriol, the biologically active form of vitamin D. Calcitriol circulates as a hormone in the blood, regulating the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promoting the healthy growth and remodeling of bone. Calcitriol also affects neuromuscular and immune function. | Orthopaedics | Metabolic Bone Disease | [
"calcitriol"
] | 155,760 |
7294769c-d5ad-4e6d-83b8-9b2baa520337 | Orderal poison is? | Physostigmine | Digoxin | Cocaine | Atropine | 0a
| single | Ans. (a) PhysostigmineRef.:Medical Toxicology edited by Richard C. Dard 3rd ed/567 | Forensic Medicine | Forensic Toxicology - Concepts, Statutes, Evidence, and Techniques | [
"digoxin",
"atropine",
"physostigmine"
] | 155,762 |
3dc58cfb-3856-4d05-9ee7-6a36f1d0a270 | A child, known case of bronchial asthma, presents with respiratory distress with respiratory rate of 48/min, can speak barely 2 words. Nebulized salbutamol was given and patient could speak a sentence hut there was a fall in SpO2 from 95% to 85%. What could be the possible explanation? | Ventilation perfusion mismatch because of increased dead space ventilation | Intra-thoracic shunting | Due to salbutamol | Faulty pulse oximeter | 0a
| multi | Ans. a. Ventilation perfusion mismatch because of increased dead space ventilation (Ref: aryoftermspz/g/vqmis match.htm)Ventilation perfusion mismatch because of increased dead space ventilation could be the possible explanation for the child of bronchial asthma presenting with respiratory distress with respiratory rate of 48/min, speaking barely 2 words hut patient could speak a sentence with a fall in SpO2, from 95% to 85% when nebulized salbutamol was given.Ventilation Perfusion MismatchA defect, which occurs in the lungs whereby ventilation (the exchange of air between the lungs and the environment) and perfusion (the passage of blood through the lungs) are not evenly matched, a finding typical of bronchial asthma.V/Q mismatch is the most common cause of hypoxemia and a component of most causes of respiratory failure.In a patient with V/Q mismatch, there will most likely be some areas of the lungs, which are better perfused that ventilated and some areas which are better ventilated than perfused. While this occurs to some degree in the normal lung, in V/Q mismatch, it is increased significantly to the point of being pathological.In asthma, bronchospasm, mucus plugs, inflammation and airway obstruction in general worsen ventilation disrupting the balance between ventilation and perfusion | Pediatrics | Disorders of the Respiratory Tract | [
"salbutamol"
] | 155,764 |
cfa09e2f-3d3e-4bf2-9a45-d10c2e6b8572 | All of the following drugs are used to prevent relapse after alcohol de-addiction except - | Acamprosate | Disulfiram | Naltrexone | Fluoxetine | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fluoxetine Drugs used for alcohol dependence to prevent relapse are: a Naltrexane o Acamprosate o Ondansetron o Nalmefene o Disulfiram o Topiramate | Pharmacology | null | [
"disulfiram",
"naltrexone",
"fluoxetine"
] | 155,782 |
86f5a09d-f170-4889-99a5-4b54bdab8cf7 | Second generation anti-histaminics used in allergic rhinitis are | azelastine | Fexofenadine | Chlorpheniramine maleate | Desloratidine | 0a
| multi | Chlorpheniramine and promethazine are first generation anti-histaminics. | Pharmacology | null | [
"fexofenadine",
"chlorpheniramine"
] | 155,790 |
d734e151-67a1-4f44-be20-1811ce2d6256 | A drug is shown to activate dopaminergic D1 and D2 and adrenergic α and β1 but not β2 receptors. Which of the following can be the drug being talked about? | Dopamine | Dobutamine | Methoxamine | Phenylephrine | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"phenylephrine",
"dobutamine"
] | 155,793 |
a2b1d6d7-e21d-490f-80d6-f4227fb8d456 | A patient taking ketoconazole and terfenadine both, is prone to - | Cardiac arrythmia | Toxicity of ketoconazole | Congestive cardiac failure | All of the above | 0a
| multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cardiac arrhythmia o Terfenadine causes blockade of delayed rectifier K+ channels in the hea at higher concentration and can cause Torsades De Pointes (Polvmorph ventricular tachcardia) --> Prolonged QT interval. Drugs inhibiting the metabolism of terfenadine by inhibiting CYP3AY enzyme, can precipitate ventricular arrythmia Erythromycin, clarithromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole. | Pharmacology | null | [
"ketoconazole"
] | 155,807 |
236a5392-863a-4187-b7c1-a623c0a8231c | All of the following can cause Optic Neuritis, except : | Rifampicin | Digoxin | Chloroquine | Ethambutol | 0a
| multi | A i.e. Rifampicin Ethambutol, streptomycin & isoniazid are anti-tubercular agents that cause optic neuritis.Q Rifampicin does not cause optic neuritis. | Ophthalmology | null | [
"ethambutol",
"digoxin",
"chloroquine"
] | 155,808 |
39bf4a08-de56-4812-8dc3-c0d86f8f2d32 | Which of the following is the most important factor in the prevention of the endophthalmitis in cataract surgery? | Preoperative preparation with povidone iodine | One week antibiotic therapy prior to surgery | Trimming of eyelashes | Use of intravitreal antibiotics | 0a
| single | "The only proven method of prophylaxis against postoperative endophthalmitis is sterile ophthalmic preparation using the povidone - iodine solution on the skin (5-10%) and in the conjunctival sac (5%)".
— F. Steinest. | Ophthalmology | null | [
"povidone"
] | 155,825 |
38a17ed8-096a-49ff-9107-4004a090320e | Amongst various treatment modalities for nocturnal enuresis, the relapse rates have been observed to be lowest for: | Desmopressin | Imipramine | Bell alarm systems | Oxybutinin | 2c
| single | Bell alarm system have lower relapse rates than other pharmacologic therapy like desmopressin, imipramine. 'Direct comparisons of bell and bed compared to pharmacologic therapy or the former because of lower relapse rates'. Ref: Nelson 18th Edition, Page 2250; A sho textbook of psychiatry- Niraj Ahuja 5th Edition, Page 176, 177 | Pediatrics | null | [
"desmopressin",
"imipramine"
] | 155,832 |
9c0ff211-0e33-4e63-a254-37aa3c88b72a | Azathioprine is used as | Immunosuppressant | Antigout drug | Anti-retro virus | Anti- cancer | 0a
| single | CompoundUseNucleoside analogueBromodeoxyuridineaStudy cell proliferationThymidine analogueAllopurinalAnti gout drugHypoxanthine analogueAzathiopineImmunosuppressantPurine analogue | Biochemistry | null | [
"azathioprine"
] | 155,853 |
42c34577-51af-4532-87e4-ae25f158bbde | A 3- year old boy is brought to the casualty by his mother with progressive shoness of breath for 1 day. The child has history of bronchial asthma. On examination , the child is blue, gasping and unresponsive What will you like to do first ? | Intubate | Administer 100 % oxygen by mask | Ventilate with bag and mask | Administer nebulised salbutamol | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Administer 100% 02 by mask o The symptoms given by the child shows that he is suffering from life threatening asthma. o Presence of any of the following indicates life threatening Asthma. a) Cyanosis b) Silent chest c) Poor respiratory effects d) Altered sensorium e) Exhauston, fatigue f) PEFR < 30 % of predicted and 02 saturation of < 90 % Management of life threatening asthma (status asthmaticus) 1) Immediate O2 inhalation 2) Injection of terbutaline or adrenaline (s.c.) 3) Inhalation of salbutamol or terbutaline and ipratropium 4) Injection of hydrocoisone 10mg/kg. o After the above-mentioned steps an arrangement is made to transfer the patient to ICU. o Now, it must be clear that the first step in cases of life threatening asthma is to administer 02, then medications (salbutamol & Terbutaline) Mechanical ventilation is indicated only if these measures fail and the condition of the patient fuher deteriorates. | Pediatrics | null | [
"salbutamol"
] | 155,854 |
25d1efa3-4e9e-4c38-820e-e8cacb934bf2 | All of the following indications of vasopressin are based on stimulation of V2 receptors EXCEPT : | Central diabetes insipidus | Bed wetting in children | von–Willebrand's disease | Esophageal varices | 3d
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"vasopressin"
] | 155,862 |
2aea523d-79c9-4850-b37f-43f01549053f | Which of the following is associated with neutropenia? | Doxorubicin | Vinblastin | Cisplatin | Methotrexate | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"methotrexate",
"doxorubicin",
"cisplatin"
] | 155,868 |
250fccc9-b463-4984-aa8a-c5bee7dc3f21 | A patient of schizophrenia was started on a new drug, three months later she complains of weight gain. What is the most likely dug? | Olanzapine | Amisulpride | Risperidone | Haloperidol | 0a
| single | All atypical antipsychotics can lead to weight gain and Clozapine is associated with maximum risk of causing weight gain followed by Olanzapine. As Clozapine is not given in the options, Olanzapine is the correct answer. | Psychiatry | null | [
"olanzapine"
] | 155,900 |
57ef3d8e-17ef-499c-a11d-886cf02840fa | Drug useful for gout : | Pyrazinamide | Rifampicin | Allopurinol | Naloxone | 2c
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"naloxone",
"allopurinol"
] | 155,910 |
b381a740-bd5a-41b3-8773-fbae8ae9dc8c | A 2-year-old child diagnosed provisionally with diphtheria and on examination she has greyish white membrane patch around her tonsils. The child has a 6-year-old sibling at home, who is fully immunized as per the schedule. What is the best measure to prevent disease in the sibling of the child | Full course of DPT | Booster dose of DPT | Nothing is required to be done | Prophylactic erythromycin to be given | 2c
| multi | * For the contacts if the primary course of vaccination is less than 2 years- nothing is required* Vaccine is taken >2 years- 1 dose toxoid is required* Unimmunized contacts-antitoxin, active immunization, prophylactic penicillin or erythromycin and clinical observation for 1 week | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases | [
"erythromycin"
] | 155,929 |
fc080cf1-4751-4795-ae80-990a815b0c95 | The anticancer drug belonging to inorganic metal complexes? | Dacarbazine | Cisplatin | Methotrexate | Vincristine | 1b
| single | Cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin belongs to platinum coordination complexes.Cisplatin-Most emetogenic. Ref: Sharma and Sharma 2nd e/pg 849 | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy | [
"methotrexate",
"vincristine",
"cisplatin"
] | 155,930 |
4895e544-a201-4f7f-a7a7-06d444dac19b | Which drug inhibits both cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase? | Aspirin | Indomethacin | Imidazole | BW755 | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., BW 755 DrugEnzyme inhibitedAspirinIndomethacinImidazoleBW 755CorticosteroidsCyclooxygenaseCyclooxygenaseThromboxane synthetaseCyclooxygenase and lipoxygenasePhospholipase A2 | Pharmacology | Prostaglandins | [
"indomethacin"
] | 155,941 |
0252962e-a4fd-4919-9a2b-3dac85066195 | There is an outbreak of MRSA infection in a ward. What is the best way to control the infection | Vancomycin given emperically to all the patients | Fumigation of ward frequently | Washing hand before and after attending patients | Wearing mask before any invasive procedure in ICU | 2c
| multi | Hand washing, the oldest, simplest and most effective method of checking hospital cross an infection, which unfounately is often neglected. Ref: Ananthanarayan& Paniker&;s textbook of microbiology, 9th edition. | Microbiology | miscellaneous | [
"vancomycin"
] | 155,947 |
b6d95155-9307-4353-a6fa-f1d476b2510b | Which of the following anti-cancer drug is NOT 's'-phase specific: | Methotrexate | Mercaptopurine | Ifosfamide | Thioguanine | 2c
| single | Cytotoxic drugs are either cell cycle specific (CCS) or cell cycle nonspecific (CCNS). (a) Cell cycle nonspecific Kill resting as well as dividing cells, e.g. nitrogen mustard, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, dacarbazine, busulfan, L-asparaginase, cisplatin, procarbazine, actinomycin D. (b) Cell cycle specific Kill only actively dividing cells. Their toxicity is generally expressed in S phase. However, these drugs may show considerable phase selectivity, e.g.- G1: Vinblastine. S : Mtx, cytarabine, 6-TG, 6-MP, 5-FU, hydroxyurea, mitomycin C, doxorubicin, daunorubicin. G2: Daunorubicin, bleomycin, etoposide, topotecan. M: Vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, docetaxel ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D.TRIPATHI SIXTH EDITION PAGE NO:830 | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy | [
"methotrexate"
] | 155,952 |
4c7ba2c2-b050-4ec4-af1a-e00d461ff72d | Shoest acting local anaesthetic | Procaine | lidocaine | Bupivacaine | Chloroprocaine | 3d
| single | . | Anatomy | All India exam | [
"chloroprocaine",
"procaine",
"xylocaine",
"bupivacaine"
] | 155,963 |
7a4a7e23-8b00-42c3-8fd0-b132e0ff0dc5 | The following adverse drug reaction seen in colonoscopy view is due to | Cascara | Bisacodyl | Castor oil | Loperamide | 0a
| single | The picture shows Melanosis coli caused by Senna and cascara which are stimulant purgatives.bisacodyl usually cause hypokalemiaRef: KD Tripathi 7th ed pg 673 | Pharmacology | All India exam | [
"bisacodyl",
"loperamide"
] | 155,967 |
f2eab10f-dd28-49e6-8ee6-750c0f1b6644 | Zero order kinetics occur in following drug with high dose ? | Phenytoin and Theophylline | Digoxin and Propranolol | Amiloride and Probenecid | Lithium and Theophylline | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"propranolol",
"theophylline",
"probenecid",
"phenytoin",
"digoxin"
] | 155,970 |
57a44469-fc94-4e51-8c17-e4a046532677 | A 26 year old patient presents with suspected pneumococcal meningitis. CSF culture is sent for antibiotic sensitivity. Which empirical antibiotic should be given till culture sensitivity result come? | Penicillin G | Ceftriaxone + metronidazole | Doxycycline | Cefotaxime + vancomycin | 3d
| single | Ans. (D) Cefotaxime + vancomycin(Ref: Harrison 18/e p3414)Antibiotics Used in Empirical Therapy of Bacterial Meningitis and Focal CNS InfectionsIndicationAntibioticInfants <3 monthsAmpicillin + Cefotaxime3 months to 55 yearsCefotaxime (Ceftriaxone) + VancomycinAdults >55 yearsAmpicillin + Cefotaxime (Ceftriaxone) + VancomycinHospital-acquired meningitis post-traumatic or post-neurosurgery meningitis, neutropenic patients, or patients with impaired cell-mediated immunityVancomycin + Cefepime | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles | [
"vancomycin",
"cefotaxime",
"metronidazole",
"doxycycline",
"ceftriaxone"
] | 155,992 |
4d8a8eba-8ddc-4adf-9546-56ae2ad89ae4 | Drug used in ameliorative test for myasthenia gravis is | d-TC | Edrophonium | Pyridostigmine | Tacrine | 1b
| single | . | Pharmacology | All India exam | [
"edrophonium"
] | 156,000 |
e5022430-072e-4642-bb39-c756998637bc | Which of the following is true regarding intravenous administration of chemotherapy? | Subcutaneous extravasation of carmustine (BCNU) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) usually causes ulceration | Extravasation of doxorubicin rarely causes serious ulceration because the agent binds quickly to tissue nucleic acid | Serious and progressive ulceration can be expected following extravasation of vincristine or vinblastine | Problems of wound healing should be anticipated if systemic 5-FU therapy is begun less than 2 week postoperatively | 3d
| multi | Since chemotherapy is generally most effective in killing rapidly dividing cells, the rapidly dividing cells of a fresh surgical wound should be in jeopardy when chemotherapy is given in the early postoperative period. Each of the phases of normal wound healing is theoretically at risk from one or another class of chemotherapeutic agents. Immediately following wounding, inflammation and vascular permeability lead to fibrin deposition and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), monocyte, and platelet influx. Macrophages are attracted by the activated complement system. By the fourth day the proliferative phase begins, and for the next 20 days fibroblasts produce mucopolysaccharides and collagen. Cross-linking of the collagen fibers then continues for several months in the maturation phase. It seems logical to delay antineoplastic agents for 10-14 days unless there are compelling clinical indications (e.g., superior vena cava syndrome) for more urgent treatment. Administration of folinic acid simultaneously with methotrexate normalizes wound healing. Extravasation of chemotherapeutic agents during intravenous administration may result in severe ulceration and sloughing. The nature of the injury is largely related to the nucleic-acid binding characteristics of the agent. Those agents that do not bind to tissue nucleic acid (vincristine, vinblastine, nitrogen mustard, BCNU, 5-FU) generally cause only local damage from the immediate injury. These substances are quickly metabolized or inactivated, and usual patterns of wound healing can be expected. On the other hand, agents that bind the nucleic acid (doxorubicin, dactinomycin, mitomycin C, mithramycin, and daunorubicin) cause not only immediate toxic reaction in the tissues but, unless excised, continuing and progressive tissue damage. Though some authors have reported success with elevation and ice packs, most recommend surgical excision if there is severe pain, any sign of early necrosis, or significant blistering. | Surgery | Transplantation | [
"vincristine",
"doxorubicin",
"fluorouracil"
] | 156,005 |
4bd577c0-eb1c-48a1-86fd-70f03f00c6cb | Which of the following has cytoplasmic receptor | Epinephrine | Insulin | PSH | Coisol | 3d
| single | Coisol has cytoplasmic receptor Ref-KDT 6/e p280 | Anatomy | General anatomy | [
"epinephrine"
] | 156,034 |
46adb04e-0762-43c5-b555-95c2904e663a | A resident doctor sustained a needle stick injury while sampling blood of patient who is HIV positive. A decision is taken to often him postexposure prophylaxis. Which one of the following would be the best recommendation: | Zidovudine + Lamivudine for 4 weeks | Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine for 4 weeks | Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Indinavir for 4 weeks | Zidovudine + Stavudine + nevirapine for 4 weeks | 2c
| single | Ans. (c) Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Indinavir for 4 weeks | Microbiology | null | [
"lamivudine",
"zidovudine",
"nevirapine",
"stavudine",
"indinavir"
] | 156,064 |
84d903d5-be58-4c04-b59d-08a4d1c147a0 | All are vasodilator except | Procaine | Lidocaine | Cocaine | Chloroprocaine | 2c
| multi | . | Anatomy | All India exam | [
"chloroprocaine",
"procaine",
"lidocaine"
] | 156,070 |
a2e365f7-25de-48f5-9266-7463416544a2 | Triple Marker test includes : | hCG, AFP, and unconjugated estriol | hCG, AFP, and unconjugated estradiol | hCG, PAPP-A, unconjugated estriol | Inhibin A, hCG & PAPP-A | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., hCG, AFP, and unconjugated estriol Triple Marker Test* This is a screening test done between 16 and 18 weeks of gestation, mainly to identify a mother who is at a high risk of having a fetus with trisomy 21. It involves estimation of 3 hormones: HCG, AFP, and unconjugated estriol (UE3).InterpretationTrisomyhCGAFPUE3Down syndrome (T 21)|||Edward syndrome (T 18)||| | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) | [
"estriol"
] | 156,072 |
fafe5cfe-5a37-4f3a-b727-6c60c59fe09a | Scopolamine is used mostly in: | Hyperemesis gravidarum | Vomiting | Constipation | Motion sickness | 3d
| single | (Ref: Katzung's Pharma, 14th ed. pg. 135)* Scopolamine (hyoscine) is a prototypic muscarinic receptor antagonist and is one of the best agents for the prevention of motion sickness.* Scopolamine has many effects in the body including decreasing the secretion of fluids, slowing the stomach and intestines, and dilation of the pupils.* Scopolamine is also used to relieve nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness and recovery 3 from anesthesia and surgery. | Pharmacology | C.N.S | [
"scopolamine"
] | 156,076 |
8e676f84-d9aa-4af3-b11c-557e8af7d5d3 | Flumazenil is - | Diazepam inverse agonist | Diazepam antagonist | Opioid antagonist | Opioid inverse agonist | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diazepam antagonist | Pharmacology | null | [
"flumazenil",
"diazepam"
] | 156,086 |
f47e6530-7928-427e-a7d5-7a906abbd7e2 | A person was brought to emergency depament and was diagnosed with Supra ventricular tachycardia and suddenly he became unstable. What is the next line of management? | Intravenous ibutilide | DC Cardioversion | Intravenous Diltiazem | Intravenous Flecainide | 1b
| single | Here in the question vital are unstable. So the best therapy will be DC cardioversion. Treatment for Supra Ventricular tachycardia: Amiodarone forstablepatients DC Cardioversion forunstablepatients. | Medicine | NEET Jan 2020 | [
"flecainide",
"diltiazem",
"ibutilide"
] | 156,093 |
640f1494-b535-413f-9efc-b9a6e0c2de6f | Both fenfluramine and phentermine | Produce central nervous system stimulation | Act to suppress appetite | Are effective in treating narcolepsy | Have been used in children with attention deficit disorders | 1b
| multi | . Both fenfluramine and phentermine have been successfully used, alone and in combination, for the treatment of obesity. They apparently reduce appetite by affecting the satiety centers in the hypothalamus. Whereas phentermine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant related to the amphetamines and is believed to act by releasing norepinephrine from CNS neurons, fenfluramine causes lethargy and sedation and acts by augmenting serotonin neurotransmission. For this reason, the drugs may be used together without causing excessive CNS stimulation or depression. | Pharmacology | All India exam | [
"fenfluramine"
] | 156,137 |
6f6741e4-6fa0-4171-a5f6-7a93a26d9883 | Treatment of choice of scabies in pregnancy ? | Ivermectin | Garna-benzen hexachloride | Permethrin | Garna-benzen hexachloride | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Permethrin 'Premethrin is the drug of choice for infants as well as pregnant and nursing women'. -- Evidence based dermatology Alternatives are benzyl-benzoate and crotamitone. Gamma benzen hexachloride and ivermectin are not recommended. | Skin | null | [
"ivermectin"
] | 156,170 |
fa1acbf7-00b5-4416-b2b6-0bf6dc4d67b5 | Relaxation of mesangial cells of the kidney is brought about by | cAMP | Endothelin | PGF2 | Vasopressin | 0a
| single | Substances causing relaxation of mesangial cells
- ANP
- Dopamine
- PGE2
- cAMP
Substances causing contraction of mesangial cells
- Endothelin
- Vasopressin
- PGF2
- Angiotensin II
- Norepinephrine
- PAF
- PDGF
- Thromboxane A2
- Leukotrienes C4, D4
- Histamine | Physiology | null | [
"vasopressin"
] | 156,172 |
194cb113-ba9a-45f1-aea2-3931adf421a3 | Small amount of atropine is added to diphenoxylate because | Suppress vomiting in gastro enteritis | Increase anti motility action | Block side effects of diphenoxylate | To decrease abuse of diphenoxylate | 3d
| multi | Atropine is an anti muscarinic drug diphenoxylate is an opoid drug which when given has propey of abuse hence atropine is added to it aas the anti muscarinic side effects of atropine will decrease the abuse of the drug. ReF:KDT 6/e p664 | Pharmacology | All India exam | [
"atropine"
] | 156,177 |
a7649429-c62e-458c-b0d0-a2e923c79846 | Severely injured patient with spinal fractrue and unconsciousness first thing to be done is | GCS scoring | Spinal stabilization by cervical collar | Mannitol drip to decrease ICT | Airway maintenance | 3d
| multi | D i.e. Airway maintenance Management of Polytrauma Patients / Life threatening conditions* The assessment of severely injured patient consists of four overlapping phases:1) Rapid primary evaluation2) Restoration of vital functions3) Detailed secondary evaluation and4) Definitive care* The ABC,s of trauma care identifies & treat life threatening conditions - and can be rememebered as Airway maintenanceQ, with cervical spine control. The cervical spine should be carefully protected at all time and not be hyperextended, hyper flexed or rotated to obtain a patent airway. A chin lift or jaw thurst maneuver should be used to establish an air way.BreathingQ with special emphasis on tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorx, flail chest with pulmonarycontusion & massive hemothorax.CirculationQDisability (neurological status) by Glasgow coma scaleExposure and environmental control (undress the patient but prevent hypothermia)= Fracture splintageQ . Recognition & splintage of major fracture, adequate immobilization of cervical spineQ, and proper handling of injured patient are essential to prevent fuher damage to theneurovsculr elements. As a general rule following measures should be taken:- The joints above & below the fracture should be immobilized. Splints can be improvised with pillows, blanket or clothing.- Immobilization does not need to be absolutely rigid.- Over bleeding should be temponaded with dressing & firm pressure- Tourniquet should be avoided, unless it is obvious that the patient's life is in danger. | Surgery | null | [
"mannitol"
] | 156,186 |
1e9a513f-0a52-4bda-92ab-8f27eb82ec98 | Male with erythematous patch over penis after taking an over the counter medicine. Causal drug is: | Azithromycin | Ofloxacin | Doxycycline | Aceclofenac | 3d
| single | Ans. D. AceclofenacRef: Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 7th/ed p498-99Explanation# Findings given in question are suggestive of 'fixed drug eruptions (FDE)'.# Among the given options ofloxacin, doxycycline and azithromycin are prescription only drugs hence most probably the answer is aceclofenac.# If in question 'over the counter' has not been mentioned then the answer will be doxycycline.# A FDE is an adverse cutaneous reaction to an ingested drug, characterized by the formation of a solitary (but at times multiple) erythematous patch or plaque.# If the patient is rechallenged with the offending drug, the FDE occurs repeatedly at the identical skin site (i.e., fixed) within hours of ingestion.# Usually asymptomatic. May be pruritic, painful, or burning.# Time to onset oflesion(s): Occur from 30 min to 8 h after ingestion of drug in previously sensitized individual.# Duration oflesion(s): Lesions persist if drug is continued. Resolve days to few weeks after drug is discontinued.* Tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline)* Sulfonamides, other sulfa drugs* Metronidazole, nystatin, salicylates, NSAIDs, phenylbutazone, phenacetin* Barbiturates* Oral contraceptives* Quinine (including quinine in tonic water), quinidine* Phenolphthalein* Food coloring (yellow): in food or medications | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect | [
"azithromycin",
"doxycycline",
"ofloxacin"
] | 156,198 |
1b059bd2-20df-4b23-bdc6-21b5fb27e678 | Leukotriene receptor antagonist used for bronchial asthama is | Zafirlukast | Zileuton | Cromolyn Sodium | Aminophylline | 0a
| single | Examples for leukotriene receptor antagonist are Montelukast and Zafirlukast ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY 8TH EDITON Page No :222 | Pharmacology | Respiratory system | [
"zileuton",
"zafirlukast",
"cromolyn"
] | 156,220 |
61d5dcb7-22f4-46e4-b2a4-044b7897d26e | Induction agent that may cause adrenal cortex suppression is | Ketamine | Etomidate | Propofol | Thiopentone | 1b
| single | Synthesis of adrenal steroids (both mineral and glucocorticoids) is inhibited by etomidate. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"etomidate",
"ketamine",
"propofol"
] | 156,223 |
55bc3680-d6b6-465e-af4b-291c5d797c2c | DPP4 inhibitor requiring dose reduction in both liver and kidney failure | Linagliptin | Sitagliptin | Saxagliptin | Vildagliptin | 3d
| multi | Vildagliptin require and of both reductions in liver and kidney failure.Ref: KDT 7TH/275 | Pharmacology | All India exam | [
"sitagliptin"
] | 156,225 |
cb016b55-8a47-4111-86d5-294972ae5c3c | On exposure to air urine colour changes to olive green in poison in - | Carbolic acid | Cyclophosphamide | Phenopthalein | Ethelene glycol | 0a
| single | BLADDER AND KIDNEYS Blue- or green-colored urine Decreased urine output No urine output EYES, EARS, NOSE, MOUTH, AND THROAT Severe burns in the mouth and food pipe (esophagus) Yellow eyes STOMACH AND INTESTINES Abdominal pain - severe Bloody stools Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting - possibly bloody Stomach pain HEA AND BLOOD Low blood pressure Rapid hea rate LUNGS AND AIRWAYS Deep, rapid breathing Wheezing Trouble breathing (may be lifethreatening if inhaled) NERVOUS SYSTEM Coma (decreased level of consciousness and lack of responsiveness) Seizures Hyperactivity Lack of aleness (stupor) SKIN Blue lips and fingernails Burns Yellow skin WHOLE BODY Excessive thirst Heavy sweating Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 790 | Medicine | Toxicology | [
"cyclophosphamide"
] | 156,249 |
344bfd7c-15fd-4487-9135-6cf2b7587f05 | Cryoprecipitate is useful in? | Hemophilia A | Thrombosthenia | A fibrogenemi a | Warfarin reversal | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Afibrogenemia Cryoprecipitate was originally developed for the treatment of hemophilia A. It is no longer the treatment of choice for that disorder because less infectious alternatives are available. At the present time, Cryoprecipitate is most often used for correction of hypofibrinogenemia in bleeding patients. | Pathology | null | [
"warfarin"
] | 156,270 |
91d7e986-4531-4f51-8fdf-37d8e046d56b | Treatment of choice for extended spectrum betalactamase producing enterococci | Amoxicillin-clavalunic acid | Piperacillin-Tazobactam | Ampicillin only | Ampicillin + Sulbactam | 1b
| single | Ans. b. Piperacillin-Tazobactam | Pharmacology | null | [
"ampicillin"
] | 156,272 |
92210f93-1821-4dd8-b730-c1d26416faad | A 5-year old child of severe nephrotic syndrome on treatment with tacrolimus, frusemide and prednisolone developed seizures. The investigations revealed:
Serum Na+ = 136 mEq/L
Blood urea = 78 mg/dL
Serum creatinine = 0.5 mg/dL
Serum albumin = 1.5 g/dL
Serum total Ca = 7.5 mg/dL
Urine albumin = 2g
What is the likely cause of symptoms in this baby? | Hypocalcemia | Tacrolimus toxicity | Uremia | Hyponatremia | 1b
| single | To get to the answer, we will look at the options one by one.
Hypocalcemia
Serum calcium in this boy is 7.5 mg/dL. Hypocalcemia can result in seizures but the level should be very low. Further, if we correct calcium with serum albumin, it will come in normal range. Corrected calcium level in the serum can be calculated by adding 0.8 mg/dL With every 1.0 g/dL decrease in serum albumin below the normal value of 4.0 g/dL. Hence, in this patient, corrected serum calcium level will be
7.5 + 0.8 x (4.0 - 1.5) = 9.5 mg/ dL
It is in the normal range (8.5-10.5 mg/dL) and thus cannot be the cause of seizures in this person.
Uremia
Although blood urea is elevated (78 mg/dL as compared to normal value of 15-40 mg/dL) but serum creatinine is normal (0.5 mg/dL). For diagnosis of uremia, serum creatinine must be 3 times the normal value. Thus, uremia cannot be the answer.
Hyponatremia
Serum sodium is at lower normal value (136-152 mEq/L). For causing seizures, serum sodium should be less than 125 mEq/L. Therefore, this option can also be ruled out.
Tacrolimus toxicity
This child is on tacrolimus therapy. It is a known neurotoxin and can cause seizures. It also can cause renal failure. Further by ruling out other options, the most likely cause seems to be tacrolimus toxicity. | Pharmacology | null | [
"prednisolone",
"tacrolimus"
] | 156,278 |
358ed04c-e086-43be-8dcb-fa3f4e18f566 | A patient requires mild cholinomimetic stimulation following surgery. Physostigmine and bethanechol in small doses has significantly different effect on which of the following | Gastric secretion | Neuromuscular junction | Sweat glands | UreterAl tone | 1b
| multi | Refer katzung 11e p 98 Bethanechol Acts on muscarinic receptors only whereas is physostigmine increases acetylcholine,thus can stimulate both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Neuromuscular junction contains in Nm receptors, thus will be affected by physostigmine and not with bethanechol. | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | [
"bethanechol",
"physostigmine"
] | 156,287 |
8d35b530-55cb-485b-81e7-f7aaf1b1a28a | A child presents with a history of scorpion sting. He is having increased sweating. What is the next best step - | Lytic cocktail | Atropine | Antevenom | Local lidocaine infiltration | 0a
| multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lytic cocktail o Lytic cocktail contains promethazine + pethidine + chlorpromazine. o Lytic cocktail therapy alone or in combination with steroids is useful in the treatment of peripheral circulatory failure in scorpion sting. | Pediatrics | null | [
"xylocaine",
"atropine"
] | 156,289 |
5cf3b365-0b2c-4d89-8153-c16336b5b07b | An unconcious patient of head injury comes in casualty. On examination shows raised intracranial pressure. Which anesthetic agent is contraindicated: | Thiopentone | Propofol | Ketamine | Etomidate | 2c
| single | C i.e. Ketamine Ketamine causes increase in all pressure i.e. intracranial, intraocular, intragastric and intravascular (Blood) pressure. So it is not used in raised ICT/IOT & Hypeension as it may increase the pressure to morbid levels. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"etomidate",
"ketamine",
"propofol"
] | 156,290 |
3e0adfef-5961-4fa9-9eb0-8e6cfccdc2ed | Methylphenidate is the DOC for - | Autism | ADHD | Dyslexia | Pervasive disorder | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., ADHD Drugs used for ADHDCNS StimulantsOther drugso Methylphenidate (DOC)o D exmethylphenidateo Dextroamphetamine oro Dextroamphetamine + amphetamineo Modafmilo Atomoxetineo Bupropiono Venlafaxineo a-agonists (clonidine, guanfacine | Social & Preventive Medicine | Mental Health | [
"methylphenidate"
] | 156,303 |
ee85d7ee-994e-4c6e-9619-3a6e96e3dfe9 | Sunder, a young male was diagnosed as suffering from acute myeloid leukemia. He was staed on induction chemotherapy with Anticancer drugs. Induction regimen was successful. Two months later, he presents to OPD with swelling of both the feet and breathlessness on climbing the stairs. He also complains the he had to wake up many times because of breathlessness. Which of the following is most likely responsible for this patient's symptoms? | Cisplatin | Methotrexate | Doxorubicin | Vincristine | 2c
| multi | Anthracyclines (daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin) can cause severe cardiotoxicity manifesting as dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. Anthracycline chemotherapeutic agents form free radicals in the myocardium. Their most severe side effect is a cumulative dose related dilated cardiomyopathy. It presents with symptoms of left and right ventricular CHF. | Pharmacology | Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs | [
"methotrexate",
"vincristine",
"doxorubicin",
"cisplatin"
] | 156,304 |
96ab1e65-dce9-458a-9bf9-a4e4974704f8 | Which of the following drug can be used in both Type 1 & Type 2 DM? | Metformin | Rapaglinide | Pramlintide | Sitagliptin | 2c
| multi | Pramlintide is a synthetic analogue of Amylin which is the only drug other than Insulin that can be used in both Type 1 & Type 2 DM. | Pharmacology | null | [
"sitagliptin",
"pramlintide",
"metformin"
] | 156,307 |
2d4c3d41-4b62-48b6-9fd4-97bd4a1ee1b5 | Drug which is NOT contra-indicated in pregnancy: March 2011 | Propyl-thiouracil | Radioactive Iodine | Valproate | Warfarin | 0a
| single | Ans. A: Propyl-thiouracil Thioamide drugs (methyl and propyl thiouracil, methimazole and carbimazole) can also be used during pregnancy (the lowest possible dose should be used) The foetal thyroid is extremely susceptible to radiation and may be quickly destroyed. Propylthiouracil/ PTU/ 6-n-Propylthiouracil It is a thioamide drug used to treat hypehyroidism (including Graves' disease) by decreasing the amount of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Its notable side effects include a risk of agranulocytosis. PTU inhibits the enzyme thyroperoxidase, which normally acts in thyroid hormone synthesis by oxidizing the anion iodide (I-) to iodine (10), facilitating iodine's addition to tyrosine residues on the hormone precursor thyroglobulin. This is one of the essential steps in the formation of thyroxine (T4). PTU does not inhibit the action of the sodium-dependent iodide transpoer located on follicular cells' basolateral membranes. Inhibition of this step requires competitive inhibitors, such as perchlorate and thiocyanate. PTU also acts by inhibiting the enzyme 5'-deiodinase (tetraiodothyronine 5' deiodinase), which conves T4 to the active form T3. (This is in contrast to methimazole, which shares propylthiouracil's central mechanism, but not its peripheral one) Administration is oral, with peak serum concentrations occurring in one hour, and actively concentrated to the thyroid gland. The drug is approximately 70% protein-bound and significantly ionized at normal physiologic pH, while the antithyroid agent methimazole is substantially less protein bound. However both are equally transferred across the placenta. Less than 10% of the drug is excreted unchanged, with the remaining fraction undergoing extensive hepatic metabolism glucuronidation. One side effect is agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia A more life threatening side effect is sudden, severe, fulminant hepatic failure occurs in up to 1 in 10,000 people taking propylthiouracil. PTU is preferred over methimazole only in the first trimester of pregnancy and in woman who may become pregnant. In the second and third trimester, methimazole is preferred. | Pharmacology | null | [
"valproate",
"warfarin"
] | 156,338 |
6ae1a364-6e1f-4f2a-a369-ee749031b4fe | A 57-year- old lady came with chief complaints of fatigue. On fuher questioning, she reveals that she has gained 5 kg weight in one month. She has been taking L-thyroxine for hypothyroidism since 10 years and fairly controlled. Recently she was staed on an anti-arrhythmic drug for treatment of his cardiac condition. The symptoms staed after sta of this drug. Most likely anti-arrhythmic drug she was prescribed is? | Lignocaine | Amiodarone | Procainamide | Verapamil | 1b
| single | The patient is already a case of hypothyroidism stabilized on thyroxine. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug with side effects on the thyroid gland and thyroid hormones. It inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. It contains iodine and can inhibit the formation of thyroid hormones. Most likely Amiodarone would have resulted in loss of control over the hypothyroidism. Procainamide, lidocaine and verapamil are also anti-arrhythmics but have no role on thyroid. | Pharmacology | Endocrine | [
"amiodarone",
"procainamide",
"verapamil",
"thyroxine"
] | 156,377 |
e43b7952-929f-4da7-937f-65276d68d943 | Features of depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents are all/ except | Cause muscle fascicutation | No fade | No post tetanic facilitation | Reversed by neostigmine | 3d
| multi | D i.e. Reversed by neostigmine | Anaesthesia | null | [
"neostigmine"
] | 156,401 |
944a4b14-2f91-4c9f-b541-a37b758b9abf | A 55-year-old female with painful chronic diarrhea, multiple recurrent duodenal ulcers, and increased basal gastric acid output is most likely to hav | A gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas | A serotonin-secreting tumor of the ileum | A somatostatin-secreting tumor of the duodenum | An epinephrine-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla | 0a
| single | Functional islet cell tumors of the pancreas secrete specific substances that result in several syndromes. Pancreatic gastrinomas (tumors of the G cells of the pancreas) secrete gastrin and are a cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. This syndrome consists of intractable gastric hypersecretion, severe peptic ulceration of the duodenum and jejunum, and high serum levels of gastrin. The majority of gastrinomas are malignant. Insulinomas (tumors of b cells) are the most common islet cell neoplasm and are usually benign. Symptoms include low blood sugar, hunger, sweating, and nervousness. Glucagonomas (islet cell tumors of the a cells) secrete glucagon and are characterized by mild diabetes, anemia, venous thrombosis, severe infections, and a migratory, necrotizing, erythematous skin rash. d cell tumors, which secrete somatostatin, produce a syndrome associated with mild diabetes, gallstones, steatorrhea, and hypochlorhydria. The majority of d cell tumors are malignant. D1 tumors produce Verner-Morrison syndrome, which is characterized by explosive, profuse diarrhea with hypokalemia and hypochlorhydria. This combination of symptoms is referred to as pancreatic cholera Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9edition | Pathology | miscellaneous | [
"epinephrine"
] | 156,419 |
01462b95-ec1e-4187-999e-44e9ed52cb27 | All are endogenous catecholamines except : | Epinephrine | Norepinephrine | Dopamine | Dobutamine | 3d
| multi | Dobutamine ] Catecholamines are compound containing catechol nucleus and a side chain containing amine group. | Pharmacology | null | [
"epinephrine",
"dobutamine"
] | 156,430 |
6f44eae9-db68-4e8d-a32e-eaf95a3f8d51 | Regarding, Kleine-Levin syndrome which of the following is not true? | Hypersomnia | Hyposexuality | Modafinil is DOC | Also called sleeping beauty syndrome | 1b
| multi | Klein - Levine syndrome is a type of Hypersomnia It consists of triad of - Hypersomnia - Hyperphagia - Hypersexuality Treatment - modafinil(DOC) | Psychiatry | Sleep Disorders | [
"modafinil"
] | 156,431 |
9fc10e17-c074-4ca4-a5fa-31f39535fafc | Drug/s causing SIADH include - | Chlorpropamide | Oxytocin | Cyclophosphamide | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Drugs causing syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)* Vasopressin or desmopressin* Chlorpropamide* Oxytocin, high dose* Vincristine or vinblastine* Carbamazepine* Nicotine* Phenothiazines* Cyclophosphamide* Tricyclic antidepressants* Monoamine oxidase inhibitors* Serotonin reuptake inhibitors | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | [
"oxytocin",
"chlorpropamide",
"cyclophosphamide"
] | 156,439 |
76fff183-5954-4cc7-9f4d-fd6da9840f0f | A 28-year-old HIV patient presents with non-productive cough and difficulty in breathing which was progressively increasing. Chest X-ray shows diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates along with pneumatocele. Gomori's methenamine silver staining of the bronchoalveolar lavage shows the following. The most probable causative organism is | H.capsulatum | P.jirovecii | R.seeberi | C.neoformans | 1b
| single | The given clinical picture and the GMS stain showing the black colored stained cysts resembling the crushed ping pong balls are suggestive of pneumocystis pneumonia. It is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. Patients with PCP generally present with fever and cough that is usually non-productive. Finding on chest x-ray is either a normal film if the disease is suspected early, or diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates. The classic finding of dense perihilar infiltrate is unusual in patients with AIDS. Treatment: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine isethionate. Reference: Ananthanarayan and Paniker&;s Textbook of Microbiology Tenth edition | Microbiology | mycology | [
"methenamine"
] | 156,440 |
78134470-cdca-4cd7-96e6-4fe4fef6ca25 | A 30-year-old male, Rajinder presents to OPD your office with fatigue, muscle weakness and headache. His blood pressure is 170/120 mm Hg and his hea rate is 100/min. Laboratory evaluation reveals hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and decreased plasma renin activity. On CT scan, a mass was noted on left suprarenal gland. Patient was prescribed a drug for few weeks and the symptoms subsided. Laboratory values and blood pressure returned to normal values. The likely drug given to this patient is? | Clonidine | Propanolol | Hydrochlorothiazide | Spironolactone | 3d
| single | (Ref: KK Sharma 2/e p233) Mosty likely diagnosis in this patient is aldosterone secreting tumor (adenoma) leading to primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome). Aldosterone excess will cause hypeension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and depressed renin. Aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone or eplerenone can be used as medical therapy for Conn's syndrome. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"hydrochlorothiazide",
"spironolactone",
"clonidine"
] | 156,449 |
0864976a-ae1f-4524-b0f9-29f3b5081cab | Alzheimer's disease is treated by: | Neostigmine | Rivastigmine | Trihexyphenidyl | Benztropine | 1b
| single | Ans. B. Rivastigminea. The mainstay of therapy for patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) is the use of centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors to attempt to compensate for the depletion of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampusb. Rivastigmine, Galantamine, Donepezil are centrally acting ChE inhibitors used for Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil is long acting and can be used once daily. Rivastigmine is also available as a transdermal patchc. Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist is also used for Alzheimer's. | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | [
"benztropine",
"neostigmine",
"rivastigmine",
"trihexyphenidyl"
] | 156,450 |
732441d6-e968-459d-9b86-9d043b5e4317 | what is the drug of choice for management of dystonia | trihexyphenidyl | propanolol | vitamin E | clonazepam | 0a
| single | Acute dystonia * <48 hours of staing antipsychotics * M.C in======Younger black males * If a patient develops dystonia he is more prone for eps Patient considers this as an Allergic reaction , thereby may stop drugs Layryngeal dystonia is a Psychiatric emergency, should be treated with IV lorazepam TREATMENT * Diphenhydramine * Benztropine mesylate * Prophylactic anticholinergics helps Ref. kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 925 | Anatomy | Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry | [
"trihexyphenidyl"
] | 156,457 |
3636fd8c-023a-493f-963f-737f0765c2de | The drug prednisolone is known to be a powerful anti- inflammatory agent. This is true due to the action of the drug on which of the following enzymes? | Cyclo oxygenase | Lipoxygenase | Phospholipase A | Phosphodiesterase | 2c
| multi | -Steroids inhibit phospholipase A2 enzyme by causing induction of proteins called Annexins. -Phospholipase A2 is involved in formation of PG (Prostaglandin) and LT(leukotriene) | Pharmacology | Adrenal | [
"prednisolone"
] | 156,459 |
744e8ffa-0a30-4dca-a938-c63b99415477 | Lower esophageal sphincter pressure is increased by all of the following substances, EXCEPT: | Gastrin | Vasopressin | Glucagon | Secretin | 3d
| multi | The lower esophageal sphincter, a physiologic entity but not an anatomic structure, plays an impoant pa in preventing gastroesophageal reflux. Neural, hormonal, myogenic, and mechanical factors influence the tone of the sphincter. Gastrin, vasopressin, glucagon, adrenergic agonists, and cholinergic agents increase the pressure. Secretin has the opposite effect REF: GUYTON 12TH ED | Physiology | All India exam | [
"vasopressin",
"glucagon"
] | 156,474 |
1f09b29f-43fe-4229-8c2b-fe0008d70a30 | All the following regarding histoplasmosis are true except - | Very rare in patients with AIDS | Bone marrow is involved | Gomori Methenamine silver stain used | Dimorphic fungi | 0a
| multi | null | Microbiology | null | [
"methenamine"
] | 156,478 |
e0992ffc-55b5-4b43-ba6e-e25b3b651b21 | For a child 3-5 months age with H1N1, treatment Oseltamivir dose is | 20 mg OD X 5 days | 12 mg BD X 5 days | 25 mg BD X 5 days | 20 mg BD X 5 days | 3d
| single | Oseltamivir (Tamiflu ) is the drug of choice for swine flu H1N1 But it's dose is given according to the age and weight of the person. Age >3 months to 12 months - 3 mg/kg BD x 5 Days >1 month to 3 months - 2.5 mg/kg BD x 5 Days 0 to 1 month - 2 mg/kg BD x 5 Days Weight <15 kg - 30 mg BD x 5 Days 15-23 kg - 45 mg BD x 5 Days 24-40 kg - 60 mg BD x 5 Days >40 kg - 75 mg BD x 5 Days | Social & Preventive Medicine | FMGE 2018 | [
"oseltamivir"
] | 156,484 |
22ccfc63-1a08-47db-9b75-fa0e926c04c1 | Imatinib primarily acts by inhibiting: | BCR-ABL | Tyrosine kinase | PGDFR | None | 1b
| multi | Ans. (B) Tyrosine kinase(Ref: KDT 8th/e p929)Imatinib inhibits tyrosine kinase linked withabl-bcr fusionPDGF receptorc-kit receptor | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles | [
"imatinib"
] | 156,489 |
27681d39-5515-4391-b893-ecd5b29c16b3 | Which one of the following drugs does not undergo the first-pass effect? | Propanolol | Lidocaine | Insulin | Morphine | 2c
| single | Insulin bypasses hepatic effect. Pg.no. 260 KD TRIPATHI Seventh edition Drugs that undergo first-pass elimination are opioids, beta-adrenergic blockers, progesterone, isosorbide dinitrate etc. Subcutaneous administration of insulin delivered into the peripheral circulation can lead to near-normal glycemia but differs from the physiological secretion of insulin in two major ways: * The absorption kinetics do not reproduce the rapid rise and decline of endogenous insulin in response to changes in blood glucose. * Injected insulin is delivered into the peripheral circulation instead of being released into the poal circulation. Thus, the poal/peripheral insulin concentration is not physiological, and this may alter the influence of insulin on hepatic metabolism. Pg no 1248 Goodman and Gillmann 12th edition Pg no 17 sathoskar 25th edition | Pharmacology | General pharmacology | [
"morphine",
"lidocaine"
] | 156,499 |
07229e33-e44d-4000-af2a-5d51a05eb98c | Contraindications for medical method (mifepristone misoprostol) of first trimester MTP? | Patient with hemoglobin of 7 gm% | Suspected ectopic pregnancy | Glaucoma | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the aboveContraindications (due to medical reasons) for medical method of aboion:Smoking > 35 yearsHemoglobin < 8 g%Ectopic pregnancy/ adnexal massCoagulopathyChronic adrenal failureUncontrolled hypeension ( BP>160/100mmHg)CVDSevere renal, hepatic or respiratory diseasesGlaucomaUncontrolled seizureAllergy or intolerance to mifepristone /misoprostol or other prostaglandinsLack of access to 24 hours emergency services | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"mifepristone",
"misoprostol"
] | 156,507 |
8efba0b4-2eb6-4114-84f5-3553c344dca6 | Which of the following is best for reducing proteinuria in diabetic patient | Metaprolol | Perindopril | Chlohiazide | Clonidine | 1b
| single | Refer CMDT 2010/1105 An ACE inhibitor in normotensive Diabetic impedes progression to proteinuria and prevents the excretion in albumin excretion rate | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"clonidine"
] | 156,539 |
1d18beff-ebc7-46c3-bba6-15d9dc8383c5 | The antifungal which has a bactericidal mode of action against dermatophyte infections in therapeutic doses is - | Fluconazole | Terbinafine | Itraconazole | Ketoconazole | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Terbinafine | Pharmacology | null | [
"fluconazole",
"itraconazole",
"ketoconazole",
"terbinafine"
] | 156,552 |
3c0e8d69-b75d-4a94-ac33-3e50da345ce6 | Tamoxifen given in breast carcinoma for | 2 years | 3 years | 5 years | Lifelong | 2c
| single | Women with hormone receptor-positive tumours will obtain a wohwhile benefit from at least 5 years of endocrine therapy, either 20 mg daily of tamoxifen if premenopausal or the Aromatase Inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) if postmenopausal. Recent trials have shown that longer durations of endocrine therapy provide a small extra benefit but with increased toxicity.It is no longer appropriate to give hormone therapy to women who do not have oestrogen or progesterone receptor-positive disease. Ref: Bailey and Love, 27e, page: 878 | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast | [
"tamoxifen"
] | 156,570 |
e80fda7b-0663-4b96-8eee-d0b216489ec3 | Which of the following anesthetic agent is frequently
used for conscious sedation? | Nitrous oxide and oxygen | Chloral hydrate | Diazepam | Ether | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null | [
"diazepam"
] | 156,584 |
a2c695b4-7eff-4321-b2c6-450e827c5967 | L-dopa is combined with carbidopa in the treatment of parkinsonism to | Decrease the efficacy of levodopa | Inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa | Increase the dose of levodopa required | Inhibit conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the CNS | 1b
| single | (B) (Inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa) (429-30 KDT 7th) (Lippincott's Pharmacology)Carbidopa is combined with levodopa to inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and make more levodopa available to cross the blood brain barrier to reach its site of action.Extracerebral Dopa Decarboxylase inhibitorsCarbidopaQBenserazideQCo-administration of levodopa with peripheral Decarboxylase inhibitors :* Levodopa is a metabolic precursor of dopamine and is the first- line treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is believed to result from insufficient dopamine in specific regions of the brain)* Dopamine itself does not cross the blood brain barrier but levodopa (its immediate precursor) is actively transported in to the CNS and is converted into dopamine in the brain* The major limitation of Levodopa however is that large amount of Levodopa is decarboxylated in the peripheral tissue forming dopamine in the periphery (this dopamine formed in the periphery does not cross blood brain barrier).* Asa result large amount of Levodopa are required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and side effects from formation of dopamine in the periphery like nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension become prominent.* Lovodopa is therefore usually coadministerd with peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors like carbidopa or Benserazide which prevent the decarboxylation of leyodopa in peripheral tissues there by making more levodpa available to act on the CNS.* These peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors do not penetrate the blood brain barrier and hence do not inhibit conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the brain which is required for its therapeutic action.* Levodopa for these reasons is almost always coadministered with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor like carbidopa or benserazide.Benefits of Co-administering Lavodopa with Carbidopa/Bensersazide* Prolongs the plasma t'A of levodopa and reduces the dose needed to approximately 1/4th* Reduces the peripheral side effects of levodopa as the concentration of dopamine in the peripheral tissues reduced- | Nausea and vomiting- | Cardiac complication* May reduce the on- off effect since cerebral dopamine levels are more sustainedRapid fluctuations in clinical state where' hypokinesia and rigidity suddenly worsen and then improve again is called the on off effect. This on- effect is not seen in untreated patients with PD but are known unwanted effects of levodopa therapy* Degree of improvement may be higher as some patients not responding to levodopa alone also improve* Co-administration with carbidopa, however does not resolve all unwanted effectsProblems not resolved by coadministration of carbidopa include* Involuntary movements/Behavioral abnormalities* Postural hvpotension Synthesis of Dopamine from Levodopa in the absence and presence of carbidopa, an inhibitor of dopamine decarboxylase in the peripheral tissue. | Pharmacology | C.N.S | [
"carbidopa",
"levodopa"
] | 156,608 |
5e68590b-04ad-4415-939e-7a8966cd1abe | The progression of which of the following diseases is retarded by chronic use of enalapril ? | Diabetic nephropathy | Diabetic retinopathy | Hypertensive nephropathy | All of the above | 3d
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"enalapril"
] | 156,618 |
db66e215-45d2-419b-b4ae-63fc0de7e33f | Which of the following conditions most rapidly produce functional deficiency of vitamin k | Premature delivery of the baby | Pure vegan diet | Broad spectrum antibiotics consumption | Warfarin therapy | 3d
| single | Warfarin prevents the recycling of vitamin K by blocking the activity of Vitamin K epoxide reductase, thus creating a functional vitamin K deficiency. | Biochemistry | null | [
"warfarin"
] | 156,632 |
f8a0a32d-10d9-4ded-8951-775bedf46f0c | Which of the following is not converted into active metabolite? | Cyclophosphmide | Diazepam | Fluoxentine | Lisinopril | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"lisinopril",
"diazepam"
] | 156,638 |
f2ac2f17-f084-4c58-8cdb-8127f1ffdd80 | Drug of choice in acute mania is: | Lithium | Chlorpromazine | Valproic acid | Risperidone | 3d
| single | DOC of acute mania- antipsychotic However if in exam, you have an option of mood stabilizer plus antipsychotic, that would become the preferred answer. E.g. If in this question , there was an option of lithium plus risperidone, that would have been the best answer In absence of combination, we would chose antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics like risperidone are preferred over typical antipsychotics like chlorpromazine, because of better side effect profile | Psychiatry | Mood Disorders | [
"chlorpromazine"
] | 156,646 |
a1973354-6c98-4f21-ad31-91ee9445cdca | Regarding aprepitant all are true except: | Agonist at NK1 receptors | Crosses Blood Brain Barrier | Ameliorate nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy | Metabolized by CYP450 enzymes | 0a
| multi | it is a recently introduced selective high affinity NK1 receptor antagonst that blocks the emetic action of substance P,with little effect on 5HT3and D2 or other receptor ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION KD TRIPATHI PG NO.669 | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract | [
"aprepitant"
] | 156,649 |
0006af36-29be-4eab-8677-9fcaf03851ca | During the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia cytogenetic is least likely to occur with which one of' the following modalities of treatment ? | Hydroxyurea | imatinib mesylate | Interferon-alpha | Bone marrow transplantation | 0a
| single | Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, fevers, loss of appetite, psychiatric problems, shoness of breath, and headaches.There is also concern that it increases the risk of later cancers. Use during pregnancy is typically harmful to the baby.Hydroxycarbamide is in the antineoplastic family of medications. It is believed to work by blocking the making of DNA. Hydroxycarbamide, also known as hydroxyurea, is a medication used in sickle-cell disease, chronic myelogenous leukemia, cervical cancer, and polycythemia vera.In sickle-cell disease it increases hemoglobin and decreases the number of attacks. It is taken by mouth Hydroxycarbamide is used for the following indications: Myeloproliferative disease (primarily polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia). It has been found to be superior to anagrelide for the control of ET. Sickle-cell disease(increases production of fetal hemoglobin that then interferes with the hemoglobin polymerisation as well as by reducing white blood cells that contribute to the general inflammatory state in sickle cell patients.) Second line treatment for psoriasis(slows down the rapid division of skin cells) Psoriasis Systemic mastocytosis Chronic myelogenous leukemia (largely replaced by imatinib, but still in use for its cost-effectiveness Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 783 | Medicine | Haematology | [
"imatinib"
] | 156,662 |
5fdc4b2e-323a-40ba-83d1-c16a5c9adad0 | A vitamin related to a co-factor in glycine metabolism is | Thiamine | Biotin | Folic acid | Pantothenic acid | 2c
| single | Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition | Biochemistry | vitamins | [
"biotin"
] | 156,664 |
3987900e-0d95-4990-b625-9077a60a91d6 | Digoxin toxicity is enhanced by all, except: | Quinidine | Hypokalemia | Hypomagnesemia | Hepatic dysfunction | 3d
| multi | Answer is D (Hepatic dysfunction) Digoxin toxicity is enhanced by renal failure as it is excreted through kidneys where as digitoxin toxicity is enhanced by liver failure because it is eliminated by hepatic metabolism. Hepatic dysfunction does not affect digoxin elemination. Reduced tolerance to digoxin may be seen in : Advanced age Q Acute myocardial infarction Q / ischaemia / hypoxemia Magnesium depletion Hypercalcemia Q Hypothyroidism e Renal insufficiency Q Electrical cardioversion. The administration of following drugs raises the serum concentration of digoxin : (by reducing both the renal and nonrenal elimination of digoxin and by reducing its volume of distribution) Quinidine Q Verapamil Amiodarone Propufenonedeg | Medicine | null | [
"digoxin",
"quinidine"
] | 156,674 |
20d497df-14b1-457d-b0d4-0ee17b5db833 | The term "Tracking" of blood pressure refers to - | 24 hr BP monitoring | Identifying children at risk of developing hypeension at future date | Pictorial representation of BP | BP control with nifedipine | 1b
| single | <p> If blood pressure level of individuals were followed up over a period of years from early childhood into adult life,then those individuals whose pressures were initially high in the distribution,would probably continue in the same &;track&; as adults. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:374. <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases | [
"nifedipine"
] | 156,675 |
2e862800-cfe0-4d7b-a934-6afb1c0a8f48 | Seal like limbs i.e. phocomelia is a specific side effect of - | Thalidomide | Cyclophosphamide | Doxorubicin | Terazocin | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thalidomide * Repeat from NEET Dec -16 | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect | [
"cyclophosphamide",
"thalidomide",
"doxorubicin"
] | 156,698 |
d52f9a8c-3b4f-4028-945c-fcd5a7e68d53 | Bromocriptine inhibits: (Repeat) | Prolactin | Vasopressin | Imipramine | Levodopa | 0a
| single | Ans: A (Prolactin) Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology by K.D.Tripathi, 6th ed p.235Explanation:Prolactin is under predominant inhibitory control of hypothalamus through PRIH which is dopamine that acts on pituitary lactotrope D2 receptor.Dopamine agonists - |Plasma Prolactin levelsDopamine antagonists - |Plasma Prolactin levelsDopaminergic agonistsDopamineBromocriptineCabergolineDopaminergic antagonistsChlorpromazineHaloperidolMetoclopramideDopamine depleters (Reserpine. Methyldopa) | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | [
"vasopressin",
"bromocriptine",
"levodopa",
"imipramine"
] | 156,706 |
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