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6ae0530a-b715-4d20-96e2-c35433d79e58 | Which of the following drugs acts by blocking RNA transcription? | Rifampicin | Streptomycin | Isoniazid | Chloramphenicol | 0a
| single | DRUG MECHANISM Rifampicin Inhibit transcription of RNA Isoniazid Act on mycobacterial membrane Streptomycin Inhibit protein synthesis Chloramphenicol Inhibit protein synthesis | Pharmacology | Protein Synthesis Inhibitors | [
"isoniazid",
"chloramphenicol"
] | 156,717 |
acfbb13e-b857-4349-816d-794b54a4e5f0 | Rhinitis medicamentosa is caused by- | Nasal decongestants | Antihistaminic drugs | Steroids | Salbutamol | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nasal decongestantsRhinitis medicamentosao Caused by excessive use of topical decongestant nasal drops.o It is treated by withdrawal of nasal drops, short course of systemic steroid therapy and in some cases surgical reduction of turbinates, if they have become hypertrophied | ENT | Rhinitis | [
"salbutamol"
] | 156,721 |
36fea632-3cb4-49aa-aea8-fdca39e5dbc7 | Opiod induced respiratory depression can be reversed with | Naloxone | Theophylline | Artificial ventillation | Doxapram | 0a
| single | Ans: A (Naloxone) Ref: Goodman &Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 2011, 12'h Edition, McGrow Hill, Burton LL P519- 520Explanation:Naloxone is the treatment of choice in the reversal of respiratory depression due to opioids.Naloxone has to be diluted and slowly administered intravenously to avoid withdrawal in opioid dependent patientsMonitoring of arousal and respiratory function are essential during this treatmentRestoration of respiration without naloxone therapy may still results in death of the patient due to complication that develop during comaNoncardiogenic pulmonary edema that develops during opioid poisoning can be reversed by positive pressure ventilation | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect | [
"naloxone",
"theophylline"
] | 156,729 |
8d64f089-c12a-4bab-90f9-b586bf6b7d9e | Lalloo, 50 years old, a chronic smoker, presents with history of hemoptysis. He was having truncal obesity and hypeension. He had an elevated ACTH level which was not suppressible with high dose dexamethasone. What would be the most probable diagnosis: | Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia | Adrenal adenoma | Pituitary tumour | Ectopic ACTH producing lung cancer | 3d
| multi | Answer is D (Ectopic ACTH producing lung cancer) Truncal obesity, hypeension and elevated ACTH levels suggest a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Elevated ACTH level not suppressible by high dose Dexamethasone indicate the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome due to Ectopic ACTH production. | Medicine | null | [
"dexamethasone"
] | 156,766 |
c823129b-273a-4807-ad4b-84b96db09bc7 | Which of the following can be used in the management of acute pancreatitis? | Octreotide | Aprotinin | Glucagone | All the above | 3d
| multi | Antibiotic, coicosteroids, H2 blockers and NSAIDS also have a role. | Surgery | null | [
"octreotide"
] | 156,779 |
8fc7f8e8-f659-4f9d-a2ce-1b239c0d6656 | LHRH analogue used in breast cancer - | Cetrorelix | Anastrazole | Leuprolide | Tamoxifen | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leuprolide o Among the given options only leuprolide is GnRH (LHRH/FSHRH) analogue. o Cetrorelix is GnRH antagonist, tamoxifen is SERM and anastrozole is aromatase inhibitor. | Pharmacology | null | [
"tamoxifen"
] | 156,793 |
1eb8b7cf-24da-428b-a54d-55cc92a4db12 | A diabetic patient developed cellulitis due to staphylococcus aureus, which was found to be Methicillin resistant on the antibiotic sensitivity testing. All the following antibiotics will be appropriate except- | Vancomycin | Imipenem | Teichoplanin | Linezolid | 1b
| multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Imipenem "The carbapenem imipenem has excellent activity against methicillin-sensitive S.aureus but not MRSA." MRSA is resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics because resistance develops due to alteration in transpeptidase (penicillin binding protein) on which all beta-lactam antibiotics act. Drugs for MRSA --> Vancomycin (DOC), Ciprofloxacin Quinopristin/dalfopristin Tigecyclin TMP-SMX Linezolid Daptomycin Teicoplanin Minocyclin Levofloxacin Oritavaccin Cotrimoxazole | Pharmacology | null | [
"linezolid",
"vancomycin"
] | 156,807 |
04f9b58c-b706-4785-97a3-7264c485956c | Patient was given chloroquine and doxycycline for 7 days. Patient's fever decreased in 4 days, but, peripheral smear showed occasional gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. This type of drug resistance is ? | R1 type | R2 type | R3 type | R4 type | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., R2 type WHO classification of antimalarial drug resistance 1. S-sensitive --> If a sexual parasites have cleared by day 6 from the begining of treatment wihout subsequent recrudescence until day 28. 2. R1-Low grade resistance --> Recrudescence of infection between 7-28 days of completing treatment. 3. R2 High grade resistance --> Reduction of parasitemia by more than 75% at 48 hours of completing treatment but failure to clear the organism within 7 days. 4. R3-> Parasitemia does not fall by more than 75% within 48 hours of completing treatment and there is no subsequant clearance of asexual parasites. | Pharmacology | null | [
"chloroquine",
"doxycycline"
] | 156,825 |
1fcb9500-4a5e-475a-9163-179b5f7f39ff | You have initiated 'Magpie' regime for a patient with eclampsia. Later you notice that the respiratory rate is 6/minute and the tendon reflexes are not elicitable. What is the next appropriate step? | Inject naloxone at the rate of 0.01 mg/kg over 5 minutes | Inject calcium gluconate 10 ml over 10 minutes | Inject 0.4 mg Atropine IV | Inject 5 mEq/kg sodium bicarbonate IV over 10 minutes | 1b
| multi | This is a case of MgSO4 toxicity and so the antidote is IV Calcium gluconate. Respiratory rate <14/minute or absent tendon reflex or urine output of Ref: Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialities, Edition 8, Page - 49 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"naloxone",
"atropine"
] | 156,845 |
2df42e5d-f5f4-497e-860f-6815a0dd7e07 | Pegvisomant is used in ? | Dwarfism | Acromegaly | Cretinism | Protein energy malnutrition | 1b
| single | Ans. is `b' i.e., Acromegaly | Pharmacology | null | [
"pegvisomant"
] | 156,855 |
dfb3adf5-60c2-4846-95de-69d85aa53ac3 | Which of the following is true for tracheobronchial phenobarbital neuroendocrine cells? | Contain serotonin | Contain catecholamines | Respond to decrease in pO2 | Have only cholinergic nerve supply | 0a
| multi | Ans. a. Contain serotonin (Ref: Ganong 24/e p638: Ganong 22/e p482-483)'Cells that manufacture amines in addition to polypeptide are sometimes called APUD cells (Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylase) or neuroendocrine cells and are found in lungs and other organs in addition to the GIT. They are the cells that form carcinoid tumors.'- Ganong 22/e p482-483Biologically Active Substances Metabolized by the LungsSynthesized and used in lungs:* SurfactantSynthesized or stored and released into the blood:* Prostaglandins* Histamine* KallikreinPartially removed from the blood:* Prostaglandins* Bradykinin* Adenine nucleotides* Serotonin* Noeepinephrine* AcetylcholineActivated in the lungs:* Angiotensin I to angiotensin II | Physiology | Functional Anatomy - Respiratory System | [
"luminal"
] | 156,861 |
c1a6b437-464b-4843-951d-f8cc0bd17cc6 | Best uterine relaxation is seen with - | Chloroform | Nitrous oxide | Ether | Halothane | 3d
| single | Ans. 'd' i.e., Halothane o Halogenated inhalational anaesthetic agents like halothane are powerful tocolytic agents. Halothane is anaesthetic of choice for internal version and manual removal of placenta. | Unknown | null | [
"halothane"
] | 156,866 |
0c48385c-30a1-44e2-b9a9-55d290f24479 | Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity aggravated by- | Amphototerian | Itraconazole | INH | Lovastatin | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Amphotericin B o All nephrotoxic drugs like aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, amphotericin B and NSAIDs enhance toxicity of cyclosporine. | Pharmacology | null | [
"cyclosporine",
"itraconazole",
"lovastatin"
] | 156,868 |
f24167a3-79af-4dab-b26b-267163a1de08 | Warm antibody hemolytic anemia is seen in all expect- | Methyl dopa | Penicillin | Quinidine | Stibophen | 3d
| multi | Warm antibody type hemolytic anaemia can be induced by drugs. A small poion of patients receiving methyl dopa develop AIHA .They are tolerance breaking drugs Penicillin antibiotics develop antibodies agaist RBC , drug complex which induces hemolysis. Quinidine forms a complex with plasma protein to which an antibody forms This complex may induce lysis of bystanding RBC or platelets. Stibophen is an antihelminthic drug which cannot induce AIHA. REFERENCE; HARSH MOHAN TEXTBOOK OF PATHOLOGY, 7TH EDITION.PG NO. 289. | Pathology | Haematology | [
"quinidine"
] | 156,878 |
f623b1da-dd1b-4e9f-a488-598b442259ae | Drug of choice for MRSA : | Vancomycin | Metronidazole | Imipenem | Clindamycin | 0a
| single | The current drug of choice for serious infections with MRSA remains vancomycin at most institutions' "Vancomycin in a dose of 15 mg/kg to a maximum of LGM, given twice a day, is the drug of choice for MRSA. Teicoplanin in a dose of 400 mg/day in a single dose is equally effective” | Pharmacology | null | [
"metronidazole",
"vancomycin",
"clindamycin"
] | 156,884 |
972e0715-e5f8-4bd1-a648-f0e1d598191b | Drug used for cigarette smoking cessation? | Varenicline | Bupropion | Mecamylamine | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Varenioline* It is a NR (Nicotine receptor) selective partial agonist and exerts rewarding action of nicotine through a4 b2 receptors.* This NN subtype nicotinic receptor partial agonist is under clinical trial for smoking cessation.Bupropion* This atypical antidepressants.* It inhibits DA and NA uptake.* It is metabolised to amphetamine like compound.* It is the only antidepressant which has excitatory action (all other have sedative action) can cause insomnia and can precipitate seizure.* It can be used in nicotine withdrawl for smoking cessation.Mecamylamine* It is nicotine ganglion blocker, blocks the reward effect of nicotine and abstinence.* Mecamylamine is used for smoking cessation. | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) | [
"bupropion"
] | 156,886 |
0c994c87-72c4-4ff1-a62a-8a76a53f2957 | Best drug among the following for treating hypeension in a diabetic patient: | Losaan | Propranolol | Thiazides | All of the above | 0a
| multi | Losaan is angiotensin II receptor antagonist. They are the preferred drugs for hypeension in diabetic patients as they prevent diabetic nephropathy- microalbuminuria It is available as 50 mg tablet (REF. Essentials of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 8th Edition) | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"propranolol"
] | 156,890 |
4b408967-2382-4157-83ad-ccb96072170e | A 32-year-old second gravida who had an LSCS in her first pregnancy is admitted in labor. The fetus is in the cephalic presentation. The head is engaged. This estimated fetal weight is 3 kg. Uterine contractions are 2 per 10 minutes. The fetal heart rate is 140 bpm. The cervical dilation is 5 cm. The vertex is felt 1 cm above the ischial spines. The posterior fontanelle is felt. Pelvis is adequate. The membranes are intact. What is the best management option? | Do an amniotomy and allow labor to progress | Do an amniotomy and commence an infusion of oxytocin | Perform a cesarean section | Perform a ventous delivery in the second stage | 0a
| multi | Ans. is a, i.e. Do an amniotomy and allow progress of laborIn this case, all findings are suitable to allow VBAC. This patient is 5 cm dilated. Contractions are 2 in 10 minutes i.e. inadequate. Adequate contractions are 3 in 10 minutes. Hence logically augmentation of labor should be done. In previous LSCS patients augmentation should be done by doing ARM i.e. amniotomy and oxytocin should best be avoided. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Operative Obs | [
"oxytocin"
] | 156,891 |
299e277c-6440-4cd7-bcd1-e30e307a78ae | Drug of choice of trachoma is – | Penicillin | Sulfonamide | Tetracycline | Chloramphenicol | 2c
| single | Tetracycline or azithromycin are the drugs of choice for trachoma.
Other drugs used are erythromycin, clarithromycin, rifampicin and sulfonamide. | Ophthalmology | null | [
"tetracycline",
"chloramphenicol"
] | 156,902 |
3bae21e1-b9d3-49e3-9eef-a757ffd36cd9 | A drug 'X' primarily reduces the static component of urinary obstruction in benign hypertrophy of prostate and takes more than 3 months to exert its beneficial effect. Which of the following is 'X' ? | Tamsulosin | Terazosin | Finasteride | Amphetamine | 2c
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"terazosin",
"tamsulosin"
] | 156,913 |
f62a501a-e742-421f-9319-a257076d89b0 | Lamivudine acts at which of the following enzymes? | DNA polymerase | Reverse transcriptase | Both of the above | None of the above | 2c
| multi | Lamivudine inhibits HBV DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with deoxycytidine triphosphate for incorporation into the viral DNA, resulting in chain termination. Lamivudine achieves 3-4 log decreases in viral replication in most patients and suppression of HBV DNA to undetectable levels in about 44% of patients. Ref: Katzung 11th edition Chapter 49. | Pharmacology | null | [
"lamivudine"
] | 156,921 |
0fbf7669-551a-42da-95dd-caef2ad56ec4 | The preferred antidote for paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning is - | Activated charcoal | N-acetyl cysteine | Adrenaline | Magnesium hydroxide gel | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., N-acetyl cysteine N-acetyl cysteine is used as an antidote in paracetamol poisoning (acetominaphan). | Pharmacology | null | [
"paracetamol"
] | 156,929 |
e749fe6a-4bd5-4d37-8ece-a66bb0489fb1 | Which of the following is not a centrally acting antihypeensive drugs | Methyldopa | Minoxidine | Minoxidil | Clonidine | 2c
| multi | Refer kDT 7/e p 565 Antihypeensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypeension (high blood pressure). Antihypeensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic hea disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, hea failure, and moality from cardiovascular disease.There are many classes of antihypeensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most impoant and most widely used medications are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers. | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"methyldopa",
"clonidine"
] | 156,931 |
791b2b59-a975-4936-b39a-08cc8ea39ce8 | Which of the following anticancer drugs is not derived from plants? | Irinotecan | Doxorubicin | Paclitaxel | Etoposide | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Doxorubicino Antitumor antibiotics includes anthracvcline antibiotics (doxorubicin also known as adriamycin, daunorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin), mitoxantrone, bleomycin, dactinomycin and mitomyin. All antitumor antibiotics are obtained from Streptomyces.DrugSourceCamptothecins (Irinotecan and Topotecan)Camptotheca acuminate treePaclitaxelBark of Western yew treeEtoposidePodophyllotoxin, a plant glycosideAnitumor antibioticsStreptomyces | Pharmacology | Anti-Neoplastic Agents | [
"etoposide",
"paclitaxel",
"doxorubicin"
] | 156,943 |
6e5f7d29-7193-4fcb-b145-9ab9f453760e | The anaesthetic agent that causes maximum increase in intracranial pressure is | Isoflurane | Halothane | Enflurane | Desflurane | 1b
| single | By dilating cerebral vessels, halothane lowers cerebral vascular resistance and increases cerebral blood volume and CBF. Autoregulation, the maintenance of constant CBF during changes in aerial blood pressure, is blunted. Concomitant rises in intracranial pressure can be prevented by establishing hyperventilation before the administration of halothane. Cerebral activity is decreased, leading to electroencephalographic slowing and modest reductions in metabolic oxygen requirements. Ref: Miller's anesthesia 8th edition Ref: Morgan & Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology 6e | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | [
"desflurane",
"enflurane",
"isoflurane",
"halothane"
] | 156,947 |
ab8d8598-273e-4185-b1eb-31a2203f1532 | Short term BP regulation exerted through kidney by - | ADH | AMP | Epinephrine | Aldosterone | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., ADH Regulation of blood pressureo Blood pressure is regulated by following mechanisms.Short term regulationLong term regulationShort term regulationThese mechanisms act immediately and correct the blood pressure quickly.These areBaroreceptor reflex: Works during BP range 79-150 mmHg.Chemoreceptor reflex: Works when BP below 80 mmHg. CMS ischemic response: This the only hope of survival when BP is below 40 mmHg.Hormonal release : These are -Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) : Increases water reabsorption in kidney.Angiotensin II: Causes vasoconstriction.Longterm regulationThis is the mechanism which takes long time for regulation.This mechanism is present in kidneys.This mechanism adjusts the BP by adjusting valume of extracellular fluid and blood.These mechanism are -Pressure diuresis.Pressure natreuresis. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.Important facto Angiotensin II is involved in short term regulation,o But, full RAA system is involved in long term regulation. | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids | [
"epinephrine"
] | 156,952 |
745bb9b1-066c-49aa-ae31-b2824c91f75e | Which of the following drug is active selectively against Anaerobic and Microaerophilic organisms ? | Clindamycin | Tetracycline | Metronidazole | Aminoglycosides | 2c
| single | Metronidazole undergoes reduction reaction by receiving single electron from Microaerophilic and Anaerobes pathogens which conves into a highly reactive Nitroradical Anion and damages the pathogen DNA . Metronidazole manifests antibacterial activity against all Anaerobic cocci; Anaerobic gram-negative bacilli(incl.Bacteroides sp.); Anaerobic spore-forming gram-positive bacilli (such as Clostridium); and Microaerophilic bacteria such as Helicobacter and Campylobacter sp. So Metronidazole is less active against Aerobic organisms because of the lack of Radical-mediated mechanism. Nonsporulating gram-positive bacilli often are resistant, as they are aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. | Pharmacology | Protein Synthesis Inhibitors | [
"metronidazole",
"tetracycline",
"clindamycin"
] | 156,982 |
172add87-7d88-4617-9794-d6085792e9db | Drug of choice for cardiogenic shock - | Dopamine | Propranolol | Digitalis | Milrinone | 0a
| multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dopamine o Drugs used in cardiogenic shock are ---> Dobutamine, Dopexamine or dopamine. "Dobutamine is preferred as it tends to vasodilate" - Dobutamine is not given in options, so best answer is dopamine. | Pharmacology | null | [
"propranolol"
] | 156,988 |
f6fd5075-bb94-4ac6-aa3c-63bfdb180b28 | Drug of choice for carriers of typhoid is | Ampicillin | Chloramphenicol | Co-trimoxazole | Clindamycin | 0a
| single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | [
"chloramphenicol",
"ampicillin",
"clindamycin"
] | 156,998 |
50a70dc3-27df-438b-923a-313a19763930 | Roopa Devi, a 65-year-old female with ovarian cancer is being treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. All of the following are used to limit the toxicity of cisplatin except: | N-acetylcysteine | Slow rate of infusion | Chloride diuresis | Amifostine | 0a
| multi | N-acetylcysteine is used for paracetamol poisoning. Slow intravenous infusion and chloride diuresis along with amifostine can limit cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. | Pharmacology | Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs | [
"cisplatin"
] | 157,020 |
37639595-4a39-42c3-995f-90ffc8be1d21 | Misoprostol has been found to be effective in all of the following except: | Missed aboion. | Induction of labour. | Menorrhagia. | Prevention of post-paum hemorrhage (PPH). | 2c
| multi | Misoprostal : Is used for induction of aboion in the early pregnancy for medically induced aboions in doses ranging from 400 to 800 mcgs, then also in the second trimester where aboion with prostaglandins is the mode of choice in doses from 200 to 400 mcgs. Also, misoprostol is an efficient way to induce labour even with doses ranging from 25 to 50 mcgs. In cases of PPH, misoprostol given orally or rectally is an excellent mode of reducing bleeding might as well be used as the most effective drug for PPH. Misoprostol will act when there are prostaglandin receptors and these are more in number when there is a pregnancy in the uterus. In menorrhagia this is not an effective drug and the vasodilator action may in fact worsen the bleeding. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception | [
"misoprostol"
] | 157,023 |
8a0f4bcc-304e-45d7-9210-c026f26f2243 | True statement about fexofenadine is: | It undergoes high first pass metabolism in liver | Terfenadine is an active metabolite of this drug | It does not block cardiac K+ channels | It has high affinity for central H1 receptors | 2c
| multi | Fexofenadine is an active metabolite of terfenadine. It lacks K+ channel blocking propey, therefore is devoid of arrhythmogenic potential. It is available as a separate second generation H1 blocking agent. | Pharmacology | Histamine, 5-HT and PGs | [
"fexofenadine"
] | 157,034 |
7a1aa239-df16-4763-92d9-44c26d81310c | A 70-year-old man was administered penicillin intravenously. Within 5 minutes, he developed generalized uicaria, swelling of lips, hypotension and bronchospasm. The first choice of treatment is to administer - | Chlorpheniramine injection | Epinephrine injection | High dose hydrocoisone tablet | Nebulized salbutamol | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Epinephrine injection Generalized uicaria, swelling of lips, hypotension and bronchospasm within 5 minutes of taking penicillin suggest the diagnosis of anaphylactic type of hypersensitivity. Epienephrine (S.C./i.m.) is DOC for anaphylactic shock. | Pharmacology | null | [
"epinephrine",
"chlorpheniramine",
"salbutamol"
] | 157,053 |
32b01b95-4423-4743-a79d-9a75f966cfd7 | A 28 year old woman was admitted electively to a HDU following C- section. A diagnosis of 'fatty liver of pregnancy' had been made preoperatively. She was commenced on a continuous morphine infusion at 5 mg/hr and received oxygen by mask. This was continued overnight and she was noted to be quite drowsy the next day. Aerial blood gases were- pH 7.16, pCO2- 61.9 mmHg, pO2- 115 mmHg and HCO3- 21.2 mmol/l? | Respiratory acidosis +Metabolic acidosis | Respiratory alkalosis + Metabolic alkalosis | Respiratory acidosis + Metabolic alkalosis | Respiratory alkalosis + Metabolic acidosis | 0a
| single | Acidotic pH, Elevated CO2 , Low HCO3 Respiratory acidosis + Metabolic acidosis | Medicine | ABG Analysis Simplified | [
"morphine"
] | 157,061 |
91369519-08b1-4e8e-8138-5a78511cb886 | Which treatment would be least effective for asystole? | External pacemaker | Intravenous epinephrine, 10 ml. of 1:10,000. | Intravenous calcium gluconate, 10 ml. of 10% solution | Intravenous atropine, 0.5 mg. | 2c
| single | Recommended treatment for asystole is administration of atropine. If atropine is unsuccessful epinephrine is given. Ultimately cardiac pacing is necessary if atropine and epinephrine do not establish an adequate heart rate. Calcium has no clear role in treating asystole. | Unknown | null | [
"epinephrine",
"atropine"
] | 157,074 |
0816bb01-ed18-46ed-b702-3c162b81c041 | cimetidine inhibits the metabolism of all the following drugs except: | phenytoin | warfarin | ketoconazole | diazepam | 2c
| multi | cimetidine is a potent inhibitor of.microsomal enzymes.it prolongs the half life of warfarin, theophyllin ,phenytoin,oral hypoglycemic agents ,alcohol and benzidiazepines.(ref KDT 6/e p630) | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract | [
"cimetidine",
"diazepam",
"ketoconazole",
"phenytoin",
"warfarin"
] | 157,079 |
fff5be39-1af0-41a2-9348-e5ad7b8abdd6 | Acute Gouty ahritis is seen early following treatment with: | Rasburicase | Probenecid | Allopurinol | Sulfinpyrazone | 2c
| multi | Allopurinol | Pharmacology | null | [
"rasburicase",
"allopurinol",
"probenecid"
] | 157,087 |
511473ed-cfc4-41da-bc4d-fe5955255a6d | The most common chemotherapeutic agent used in the patients with typical B cell CLL is: | Fludarabine | Rituximab | Cyclophosphamide | Prednisolone | 0a
| single | Typical B cell CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma treatment: The most common treatments for patients with typical B cell CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma have been chlorambucil or fludarabine. Chlorambucil can be administered orally while fludarabine is administered IV Fludarabine is the more active agent and is the only drug associated with a significant incidence of complete remission. For young patients regimens containing fludarabine are the treatment of choice. Bendamustine also used as the primary agent in treatment. Ref: Harrison, E-18,P-926 | Medicine | null | [
"fludarabine",
"cyclophosphamide",
"prednisolone",
"rituximab"
] | 157,090 |
f24caa31-1f46-439a-9030-99207dc5eb32 | All of the following agents are used in glaucoma treatment, except - | Apraclonidine | Timolol | Pilocarpine | Metoprolol | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Metoprolol o Metoprolol is a beta blocker with local anaesthetic activity. Such beta blockers are not indicated in glaucoma. o Apraclonidine (alpha 2 agonist), timolol (beta blocker without local anaesthetic activity) and pilocarpine (directly acting miotic) are used in glaucoma. | Pharmacology | null | [
"pilocarpine",
"metoprolol",
"apraclonidine",
"timolol"
] | 157,100 |
057c672e-6379-4732-9f8b-98b080f1382d | Anemia in chronic renal failure (CRF) is due to -a) Decreased erythropoietin productionb) Iron deficiencyc) Hypoplastic bone marrowd) Decreased Vit-B12,e) Decreased folate levels | abc | bcd | cde | abe | 3d
| single | null | Medicine | null | [
"erythropoietin"
] | 157,149 |
0aabfbee-072b-4e81-a9ce-e34dc4b5f0fc | True regarding glylcogenolysis is /are NE | PP1 is a dephosphorylating enzyme | Vasopressin increases it | Oxytocin decreases it | Ca" is a synchronizer and allosteric activator | 2c
| multi | Oxytocin decreases it | Biochemistry | null | [
"vasopressin",
"oxytocin"
] | 157,164 |
aac05bad-6ce1-4e2c-8fee-f47a811b8062 | All of the following are true about ester linked local anesthetics except | All ester linked local anesthetics are metabolized by Pseudocholinesterase except Cocaine | Ester LA's more commonly cause allergic reactions than Amide LA's | Cocaine is the shortest acting ester LA | Procaine is the drug of choice in Malignant hyperthermia | 2c
| multi | Chlorprocaine is the shortest acting ester linked local anesthetic. | Pharmacology | null | [
"procaine"
] | 157,166 |
54e8520e-e4d9-42bb-8561-498f2e1a7199 | Agents used for sclerotherapy in varicose veins are all except | Ethanolamine oleate | Sodium tetradecyl sulphate | Polidocanal | Mannitol | 3d
| multi | Mannitol is not a sclerosing agent. | Surgery | null | [
"mannitol"
] | 157,176 |
5cf3d507-0ac7-46d2-8fef-847bf329de26 | Most accurate measurement of extracellular fluid volume (ECF) can be done by using | Sucrose | Mannitol | Inulin | Aminopyrine | 2c
| single | Ans. (c) Inulin(Ref: Guyton, 13th ed/p.309)Inulin - Gold standard substance for ECF measurementOther indicators used in ECF measurement are,#Sucrose#Mannitol#Sodium Thiosulphate | Physiology | General | [
"mannitol"
] | 157,181 |
f6633e1e-35f3-4c93-881d-142ba9f7b282 | Baclofen is used in the treatment of : | Schizophrenia | Depression | Anxiety | Spasticity | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"baclofen"
] | 157,188 |
6c6f8d46-ded7-4238-9e4c-580f2303397d | Which of the following aminoglycoside is cochleotoxic: | Kanamycin | Streptomycin | Gentamycin | Minocycline | 0a
| single | Ref: Goodman & Gillman 13th ed. P 1044-45* All aminoglycosides have the potential to produce reversible and irreversible vestibular, cochlear, renal toxicity and neuromuscular blockade.* Aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity may result in irreversible, bilateral, high-frequency hearing loss or vestibular hypofunction.* A high-pitched tinnitus often is the first symptom of cochlear toxicity.* Drugs like amikacin, neomycin and kanamycin are specifically cochleotoxic > vestibulotoxic.* Gentamicin, streptomycin is vestiblar > cochleotoxic* Tobramycin: Cochlear = Vestibular toxicity both. | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | [
"minocycline"
] | 157,189 |
6b3f7bcc-1b53-45b1-aae3-3a4375870d07 | Antibiotic that can be used as antiplaque agent is/are: | Penicillin. | Vancomycin. | Kanamycin. | All of the above. | 3d
| multi | Penicillin, vanomycin, kanamycin have been used as antiplaue agents but their use has been considerably reduced due to bacterial resistance and hypersensitivity reactions. | Dental | null | [
"vancomycin"
] | 157,196 |
e9bbe870-b268-43a2-86c4-dc40902dab40 | Drugs which cause ototoxicity and circumoral paraesthesia are: | Antileprotic drugs | Antitubercular drugs | Streptomycin | Chloramphenicol | 2c
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"chloramphenicol"
] | 157,201 |
f6f2e9a4-f5fb-4298-ae9b-4cf5753b6367 | Which anaesthetic belongs to ester group? | Procaine | Times New Roman | Lignocaine | Propofol | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Procaine Esters (aminoesters) :- Procaine, chlorprocaine, tetracaine (amethocaine), Benzocaine, Cocaine. Amides (aminoamides) Lignocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Bupivacaine, Etidocaine, Ropivacaine , Dibucaine. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"procaine",
"propofol"
] | 157,203 |
7a1935cf-3cb0-49cf-8fb0-1804e40961dc | The drug disulfiram acts by- | Decreasing ethanol absorption | Enhancing urinary excretion of ethanol | Increasing pulmonary excretion of ethanol | Blocking metabolism of ethanol | 3d
| single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Blocking metabolism of ethanol o Antabuse (disulfiram) inhibits the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. o By inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase antabuse (disulfiram) inhibits the metabolism (oxidation) of alcohol. o Disulfiram is used in psychologically dependent but not in physically dependent alcoholics. | Pharmacology | null | [
"antabuse"
] | 157,204 |
68a36968-b255-432e-8eeb-9e49b4ee5229 | Young male with Pneumonia admitted for 5 days, develops gripping abdominal pain and loose stools. Drug(s) which might be beneficial is? | Cap loperamide 4-8 mg/day | Tab Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD | Oral Metronidazole | Cap. Diphenoxylate | 1b
| single | Tab Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD REF: Harrison 17th ed table 141-3 This is a case of legionella pneumonea; clue is loose stools with pneumonia Antimicrobial Agent Dosage Macrolides Azithromycin 500 mg PO or IV q24h Clarithromycin 500 mg PO or IV ql2h Antimicrobial Agent Dosage Quinolones Levofloxacin 750 mg IV q24h 500 mg PO q24h Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q8h 750 mg PO ql2h Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO q24h Ketolide Telithromycin 800 mg PO q24h Tetracyclines Doxycycline 100 mg PO or IV ql2h Minocycline 100 mg PO or IV q12h Tetracycline 500 mg PO or IV q6h Tigecycline 100 mg IV load, then 50 mg IV q12h Others Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg IV q8h 160/800 mg PO ql2h Rifampin 100-600 mg PO or IV ql2h | Surgery | null | [
"metronidazole",
"imodium",
"ciprofloxacin"
] | 157,213 |
39f9ae06-9266-4ad8-b1e3-fb6e5e00245f | The first drug of choice for Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH): | PGF-2 | Methergine | Oxytocin | Misoprostol | 2c
| single | Ans- C Ref- Recommendations for PPH treatment The use of uterotonics (oxytocin alone as the first choice) plays a central role in the treatment of PPH (see Boxes 4and 5). Uterine massage is recommended for the treatment of PPH as soon as it is diagnosed (see Box 6) and the initial fluid resuscitation with isotonic crystalloids is recommended. The use of tranexamic acid is advised in cases of refractory atonic bleeding or persistent trauma-related bleeding (see Box 5). The use of intrauterine balloon tamponade is recommended for refractory bleeding or if uterotonics are unavailable. Bimanual uterine compression, external aortic compression, and the use of non-pneumatic anti-shock garments are recommended as temporizing measures until substantive care is available. If there is persistent bleeding and the relevant resources are available, uterine artery embolization should be considered. If bleeding persists despite treatment with uterotonic drugs and other conservative interventions, surgical intervention should be used without further delay. Box 4 Recommendations for the treatment of PPH - uterotonics. Intravenous oxytocin is the recommended uterotonic drug for the treatment of PPH. (Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence) If intravenous oxytocin is unavailable, or if the bleeding does (more...) Box 5 Recommendations for the treatment of PPH - fluid resuscitation and tranexamic acid. The use of isotonic crystalloids is recommended in preference to the use of colloids for the intravenous fluid resuscitation of women with PPH. (Strong recommendation, (more...) Box 6 Recommendations for the treatment of PPH - manoeuvres and other procedures. Uterine massage is recommended for the treatment of PPH. (Strong recommendation, very-low-quality evidence) If women do not respond to treatment using uterotonics, or if uterotonics (more...) If the third stage of labour lasts more than 30 minutes, CCT and IV/IM oxytocin (10 IU) should be used to manage the retained placenta. If the placenta is retained and bleeding occurs, the manual removal of the placenta should be expedited. Whenever the manual removal of the placenta is undertaken, a single dose of prophylactic antibiotics is recommended (see Box 7). Box 7 Recommendations for the treatment of retained placenta. If the placenta is not expelled spontaneously, the use of additional oxytocin (10 IU, IV/IM) in combination with controlled cord traction is recommended. (Weak recommendation, very-low-quality evidence) (more...) The GDG also issued recommendations related to the organization of PPH care (see Box 8). Health facilities delivering maternity services should adopt formal protocols for the prevention and treatment of PPH and for patient referral. The use of PPH treatment simulations for pre-service and in-service training programmes was recommended. Finally, the GDG recommended that the use of uterotonics for the prevention of PPH should be monitored and a specific indicator was suggested. Box 8 Health Systems and Organization of Care recommendations for the prevention and treatment of PPH. The use of formal protocols by health facilities for the prevention and treatment of PPH is recommended. (Weak recommendation, moderate-quality evidence) (more...) The GDG found insufficient evidence to recommend one route over another for the prevention of PPH with oxytocin, the use of recombinant factor VIIa for the treatment of PPH, intraumbilical vein injection of oxytocin for treatment of retained placenta, and the antenatal distribution of misoprostol. The GDG also found insufficient evidence to recommend self-administration for the prevention of PPH and the measurement of blood loss over clinical estimation (see Box 9). Box 9 Statements related to topics for which there is insufficient evidence to issue a recommendation. There is insufficient evidence to recommend one oxytocin route over another for the prevention of PPH. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use (more...) Copyright (c) 2012, World Health Organization. All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: tni.ohw). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site ( | Unknown | null | [
"oxytocin",
"misoprostol"
] | 157,221 |
95d4083b-b6a8-4a29-9c41-5bfe3afeb598 | shortest acting mydriatic | Atropine | Tropicamide | Homatropine | Cyclopentolate | 1b
| single | Ans. (b) Tropicamide | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | [
"atropine",
"tropicamide"
] | 157,224 |
226c61e7-c883-4cb8-8e54-d53f3d6e4f16 | Which of the following antibiotic acts by inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane function? | Penicillin | Polymycin | Streptomycin | Novobiocin | 1b
| single | Polymyxin bacitracin acts by inhibiting cell membrane or plasma membrane Not cell wall Penicillin -cell wall,streptomycin-protein synthesis inhibition Ref: CP Baveja 4th ed Pg:625 | Microbiology | general microbiology | [
"novobiocin"
] | 157,231 |
6f37967d-6119-4f78-8e58-6c0efc2e810c | Skeletal muscle relaxant of choice in liver and renal disease is? | Mivacurium | Atracurium | Gallium | Vecuronium | 1b
| multi | ANSWER: (B) AtracuriumREF: Lee synopsis of anesthesia 12th e p. 215Repeat in December 2011Muscle relaxantRoute of eliminationPancuronium , Vecuronium , RapacuroniumLiverVecuronium , RocuroniumBiliarySch , MivacuriumPseudocholinesteraseGallamine , MetocurineRenalAtracurium, cis-atracuriumHoffman's elimination Obtain AMPLE' history and examine patinet |PrepareEquipment. Personnelmedications|Monitor and preoxygenateECG and oulse oximeter|Premedicate* Gve atropine- Indicateo to' all children <5 years of age- Indicated for all patients wen suociny choline is used* If succinycholine to be used; consider defasciculation (0.01 mg/kg of Vecuronium or Pancuromjmj* Give ildocaine for head injury or increased ICP|Secsle (choose ore option eased onccnd tion of patent)|||||Nomotensive* Midazolam or* E:oir cate or* Thiopental or* PropofolHypotensive/hypovolemicHead injury or status epilepticusStatus asthmaticus* Ketamine or* MidazolamMidSevereNormotensiveHypotensive* Etonidale or* Etorrcateor* T-opentalor* Etomdate or* Ketamine or* Ketam-e cr* Propofol cr* Lew-dose thiopental* Midazolam* None* Tetomidate |||||| | Apply criood pressure when patient is unconscious|Paralyze .(choose one)* Rocurcnium* Vecuronium* Suoclnylcholine|* intubate Irachea* Evaluate and confirm tube placement (eg. exhaled CO2)* Secure tracheal tube* Observe and monitor* Administer additonal sedaton and paralytics PRN 'AMPLE r stony allergy medications, past history, last meal and events leading to need for intubation. | Anaesthesia | Non-depolarising Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | [
"gallium",
"atracurium",
"mivacurium",
"vecuronium"
] | 157,232 |
be63c331-dcd4-4589-abab-c519cfcbc6fb | The drug NOT used in acute asthma is ? | Salbutamol | Ipratropium | Monteleukast | Hydrocoisone | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Monteleukast Monteleukast and zafirleukast are indicated for prophylactic therapy of mild to moderate asthma as an alternative to inhaled coicosteroids. However they are not used to terminate acute attack of asthma. | Pharmacology | null | [
"ipratropium",
"salbutamol"
] | 157,234 |
ab674b0f-29f2-4346-98b2-ff201fbc3701 | Which one of the following drugs cause hypomagnesemia by increased excretion | Frusemide therapy | Cisplatin | Digitalis | Aminoglycosides | 0a
| single | Frusemide therapy "Loop diuretics cause the abolition of transepithelial potential difference that results in marked increase in excretion of Cc?'" and Me". Loop and thiazide diuretics cause significant urinary loss of magnesium. - Magnesium deficiency brought about by diuretics is rarely severe enough to induce the classic picture of neuromuscular irritability. | Pharmacology | null | [
"cisplatin"
] | 157,246 |
fa1201e3-2eae-4b22-87cc-ff7bb4bc7348 | All of the following drugs are protease inhibitors, EXCEPT: | Nelfinavir | Saquinavir | Abacavir | Ritonavir | 2c
| multi | Abacavir is nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and not a protease inhibitor. Nelfinovir, Titonavir and Saquinavir are all protease inhibitor. Ref: Antiretroviral Therapy By Erik De Clercq, 2001, Page 147 ; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Pages 1124, 1126. | Pharmacology | null | [
"nelfinavir",
"ritonavir",
"saquinavir"
] | 157,249 |
9b503c95-4591-4f06-869b-83acbb06387e | In human being, the least useful physiological response to low environmental temperature is: | Shivering | Vasoconstriction | Release of thyroxine | Piloerection | 3d
| single | D i.e. Piloerection | Physiology | null | [
"thyroxine"
] | 157,281 |
d2187cc7-5c81-458f-82a9-366fa96782b3 | Which of the following is false regarding acetyl CoA carboxylase | It is the rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis | It is a component of fatty acid synthase complex | It is activated by citrate | It requires Biotin | 1b
| multi | Acetyl CoA carboxylase is not a component of fatty acid synthase complex.
Fatty acid synthase complex has 6 enzymes
Keto acyl synthase
Acetyl malonyl transacylase
Hydratase
Enoyl reductase
Keto acyl reductase
Thioesterase. | Biochemistry | null | [
"biotin"
] | 157,290 |
93f56e72-1d84-4d68-9cb2-bcffb5ff42c1 | A hypeensive patient on medication with beta blocker develops severe bradycardia on taking medicines. Which of the following is least likely to be the responsible agent? | Metoprolol | Nadolol | Pindolol | Atenolol | 2c
| single | Pindolol has intrinsic sympathomimetic acitivity and therefore has lesser risk of causing bradycardia Beta-Blockers with Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity (ISA) Preferred in the patients prone to develop severe bradycardia with b blocker therapy. However, these drugs are less useful in angina (because of stimulation of hea by b1 receptors). The drugs can be remembered as * COntain - Celiprolol, Oxprenolol * Paial - Pindolol, Penbutolol * Agonistic - Alprenolol * Activity -Acebutolol | Pharmacology | Sympathetic System | [
"atenolol",
"nadolol",
"metoprolol",
"pindolol"
] | 157,295 |
4027fa36-58a0-4c7b-b7ab-05696da47785 | All are true regarding snake bite except ? | Neostigmine, ventillatory suppo should be given to patients along with ASV. | ASV is the main stay of treatment. | Humped pit viper snake is excluded from polyvalent ASV | Neostigmine and Atropine may be given for Krait bite. | 3d
| multi | Indian Polyvalent anti-snake venom is effective in Cobra Krait Russel viper Saw scaled viper Atrophine do not play a much role in reversal of respiratory paralysis in krait snake. So neostigmine along with ASV is given. | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 2 | [
"atropine",
"neostigmine"
] | 157,306 |
a7a2cda9-5775-4f08-a81b-7dcce0e33dd1 | which is an organophosphate: AFMC 12 | Diazinon | Endrin | Malathion | Parathion | 1b
| single | Ans. Endrin | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"malathion"
] | 157,307 |
6b758352-bd57-48af-84c9-fbfb22d0a02a | Which of the following antiarrhythmic agent does not belong to class 1C | Tocainide | Encainide | Flecainide | Propafenone | 0a
| multi | Refer kK sharma 306, Goodman and Gilman 10e 962 Although the name is similar to the class 1C agents(like flecainide, encainide) ,tocainide belongs to class 1B The clinical use of class IC antiarrhythmic drugs. Abi Samra F. Flecainide, encainide, and propafenone belong to class IC antiarrhythmic drugs. They are new and potent drugs which markedly depress Phase 0 of the action potential without affecting repolarization | Anatomy | General anatomy | [
"flecainide"
] | 157,317 |
614f318c-c0c2-4a53-85e0-dc4a96f02463 | One has to be careful about hypoglycaemia when patient gives history of taking this drug: | Chlorpropamide (Daonil) | Furosemide (furosemide) | Corticosteroids (Wysolone) | Theophylline (Deriphylline) | 0a
| single | Chlorpropamide: It is a long-acting sulfonylurea oral hypoglycaemic, found to reduce urine volume in DI of pituitary origin, but not in renal DI. It sensitizes the kidney to ADH action.
DI = Diabetes Insipidus.
Due to its long duration of action, one has to be careful about hypoglycaemia, when patient gives history of taking this drug.
Reference: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology Eighth Edition KD TRIPATHI page no 644 | Pharmacology | null | [
"theophylline",
"furosemide",
"chlorpropamide",
"lasix"
] | 157,318 |
7d9b6800-8202-4ff7-8df9-93b861b87fda | Half Life of digoxin is | 24hrs | 40hrs | 48hrs | 60hrs | 1b
| single | Ref-KDT 7/e p55 Digoxin and digitoxin are the main digitalis products. Digoxin is absorbed quickly from the gastrointestinal tract with a bioavailability of between 75% and 95%. It is eliminated primarily through kidneys; therefore, it has a half-life of 36-48 hours in patients who have normal kidney function and 3.5-5 days in patients who are anuric. The reference range for digoxin is as follows: 0.8-2 ng/mL (1.2-2 nmol/L) Half-life: 36 hours Toxic level: more than 2 ng/mL | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"digoxin"
] | 157,322 |
55648f75-9f6c-4349-82b6-bb5c16fef6cb | . All of the following statements about the use of spironolactone in CHF are true except | It should be administered in low doses to prevent hyperkalemial | It affords prognostic benefit in severe hea failure over and above that afforded by ACE inhibitors | It helps to overcome the refractoriness to thiazides | It affords rapid symptomatic relief in CHF patients | 3d
| multi | (Ref KDT 6/e p507) Loop diuretics are used to provide rapid symptomatic relief whereas aldosterone antagonists decrease the moality by reversing myocardial remodeling | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"spironolactone"
] | 157,332 |
4e104b64-82e9-414d-8ebf-c24f8ac476de | All of the following drugs can produce hyperuricemia EXCEPT : | Ethambutol | Pyrazinamide | Sulfinpyrazone | Hydrochlorothiazide | 2c
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"ethambutol",
"hydrochlorothiazide"
] | 157,336 |
a8630f17-9f86-4225-b588-4cef27ad2adf | A 40 year old man presents to his physician with complaints of substernal pain radiating to his left shoulder, occurring when he is at rest. The pain improves when he gets up and moves around, and responds to sublingual nitroglycerin. This patient's symptoms are thought to be caused by which of the following processes? | Coronary aery atherosclerosis | Coronary aery embolism | Coronary aery spasm | Coronary aery thrombosis | 2c
| single | The pattern of angina described is called Prinzmetal's variant angina, and is believed to be due to coronary aery spasm occurring during rest. Up to 75% of patients with this disorder can be shown to have a fixed obstruction within 1 cm of the site of aerial spasm. Patients with Prinzmetal's angina are often younger than patients with unstable angina secondary to coronary atherosclerosis. The diagnosis may be confirmed by observing a spontaneous coronary aery spasm (or provoking one by administering ergonovine or acetylcholine, or instructing the patient to hyperventilate) during angiography. Atherosclerosis is the cause of typical angina that occurs with exeion. Embolism in the coronary aeries is somewhat unusual, but can occur if a plaque from the aoa breaks off and lodges in a coronary vessel. Thrombosis characteristically produces unstable or crescendo angina with worsening chest pain. Ref: Mohrman D.E., Heller L.J. (2010). Chapter 11. Cardiovascular Function in Pathological Situations. In D.E. Mohrman, L.J. Heller (Eds), Cardiovascular Physiology, 7e. | Physiology | null | [
"nitroglycerin"
] | 157,353 |
38b2429a-be30-4d5b-9184-7a6d7520c89e | Which of the following is not a GnRH agonist? | Leuprolide | Nafarelin | Ganirelix | Busurelin | 2c
| single | GnRH Agonist Drugs Leuprolide Nafarelin Goserelin Buserelin -They are all injectables. -They all have flare up reaction as adverse effect when given in continuous form GnRH Antagonist Drugs Cetrorelix Ganirelix Abarelix Degarelix -Given as injectables -They do not increase the sex hormone | Pharmacology | Pituitary-Hypothalmic System and Thyroid | [
"nafarelin"
] | 157,358 |
97e452ed-ca3f-4608-a970-c1e8860ea047 | Which of the following is used to treat severe pulmonary hypertension ? | Angiotensin I | Omapatrilat | Bosentan | Endothelin | 2c
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"bosentan"
] | 157,361 |
70fcbcb4-3b40-4b4a-90d0-df0e576d98d6 | Akathisia is treated by | Haloperidol | Fluoxetine | Propranolol | Lithium | 2c
| single | (Refer: Harrison&;s Principles of Internal medicine, 18th edition, pg no - 3544) | Pathology | All India exam | [
"propranolol",
"fluoxetine"
] | 157,374 |
e5c9278c-c17e-4bf8-9b23-cdd53ade6ad1 | Bisphosphonate-induced osteomalacia is common with | Alendronate | Pamidronate | Zolendronate | Etidronate | 3d
| single | Etidronate is 1st gen bisphosphonate The first generation bisphosphonates, such as etidronate (ETD), a non-nitrogen containing bisphosphonate, displays considerable anti-mineralization activity but is a relatively low-potency inhibitor of osteoclasts. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a condition found in patients who have received intravenous and oral forms of bisphosphonate therapy for various bone-related conditions. it manifests as exposed, nonvital bone involving the maxillofacial structures. it is caused by to dentoalveolar structures that have a limited capacity for bone healing due to the effects of bisphosphonate therapy. REF KD tripathi 8th ed | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | [
"alendronate"
] | 157,412 |
34c947d0-4ac3-45b3-bb8c-6f9309d9c511 | 28 year old female who is a known case of bipolar disorder on lithium therapy is posted for varicose vein repair. What should be done regarding lithium | Stop lithium 24 hours prior to surgery | Continue lithium till the day of surgery | Replace lithium with diazepam | None | 0a
| multi | Lithium has to be stopped 24 hrs prior to surgery. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"diazepam"
] | 157,413 |
a972059b-c184-4417-bf13-c024580004fb | Treatment of choice for LegionnaEUR' aiere's disease is: | TC | Erythromycin | Penicillin | Streptomycin | 1b
| single | Erythromycin | Pharmacology | null | [
"erythromycin"
] | 157,420 |
25109b14-5144-4ca5-ba3e-cc93c695119c | Cough is an adverse reaction seen with intake of | Thiazide | Nifedipine | Enalapril | Prazosin | 2c
| single | Refer kDT 6/e p984 ACE inhibitor cause adverse reaction like cough. The CAPTOPRIL mnemonic can be used to remember the side effects of ACE inhibitors: cough, angioedema, potassium changes, taste change, hyp-O-tension, pregnancy changes, rash, increased renin, and lower angiotensin II. Another side effect is hyperkalemia. | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"prazosin",
"nifedipine",
"enalapril"
] | 157,439 |
1bd0a909-0ed4-494d-958f-d3c4760f929f | An elderly house wife lost her husband who died suddenly of myocardial infarction couple of years ago. They had been staying alone for almost a decade with infrequent visits from her son and grandchildren. About a week after the death she heard the voice clearly talking to her as he would in a routine manner from the next room. She went to check but saw nothing. Subsequently she often heard his voice conversing with her and she would also discuss her daily matters with him. This however, provoked anxiety and sadness of mood when she would remain preoccupied with thoughts about him. She should be treated with: | Clomipramine | Alprazolam | Electroconvulsive therapy | Haloperidol | 3d
| single | In this case, death happened "couple of years ago". The first time she had auditory hallucinations was after a week of his death and since then it has been happening. Now, in grief "brief hallucinations" can occur however here the hallucinations are often and patient is even discussing the daily matters with the "voice". This clearly shows presence of psychotic symptoms which should be diagnosed separately. Please remember patient can develop all kind of psychiatric disorders like depression, anxiety, PTSD in association with grief and if the symptoms are severe enough, they should receive separate diagnosis. This patient has psychotic symptoms (i.e. hallucinations) and should be treated with an antipsychotic, haloperidol. The treatment depends on symptoms, in case of occasional anxiety, Alprazolam could have been used. In case of significant depressive symptoms antidepressant could have been used, but since the psychotic symptoms are prominent, we must use an antipsychotic. | Psychiatry | Neurotic, Stress Related and Somatoform Disorders | [
"alprazolam",
"clomipramine"
] | 157,442 |
74326026-d6f4-4c64-bc65-9d5654409271 | Which of the following is a bactericidal drug for Mycobacterium leprae? | Ofloxacin | Ciprofloxacin | Amoxicillin | Erythromycin | 0a
| single | Ans. (A) Ofloxacin(Ref: KDT 7th/e p782)Ofloxacin, pefloxacin, moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin are fluoroquinolones effective against leprosy and fluoroquinolone are bactericidal drugs. | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles | [
"erythromycin",
"ciprofloxacin",
"ofloxacin"
] | 157,443 |
5b53e9e0-7aba-4e81-9752-ed837d339489 | Which of the following doesn't worsen angina? | Sumatriptan | Oxyfedrine | Dipyridamole | Thyroxine | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Oxyfedrine Drugs that exacerbate Angina o Amphetamines o Alpha blocker o Beta agonists o Beta blockers withdrawal o Dipyridamol o Vasopressin o Ergotamine o Decongestants o Excessive thyroxine o Hydralazine o Methysergide o Minoxidil o Nifedipine o Nicotine and cocaine o Oxytocin o Sumatriptan o Theophylline | Pharmacology | null | [
"sumatriptan",
"thyroxine"
] | 157,458 |
93793bc4-20d8-4560-8aa0-91c30cbe5166 | Which of the following is not a contraindication for timolol? | Bronchial asthma | Anxiety | MI | Thyrotoxicosis | 1b
| single | Timolol maleate is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. It is contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma, a history of bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, thyrotoxicosis, sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, ove cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, hypersensitivity to any component of this product. | Pharmacology | null | [
"timolol"
] | 157,469 |
c8cc7473-338f-4a41-a456-069d5088c760 | Parathormone has all of the following effects, except | Increased bone resorption | Increased Ca+2 reabsorption in kidney | Increased phosphate reabsorption in kidney J | Increased calcitriol synthesis | 2c
| multi | Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that is impoant in bone remodeling, which is an ongoing process in which bone tissue is alternately resorbed and rebuilt over time.Parathyroid hormone regulates serum calcium through its effects on bone, kidney, and the intestine:In bone, PTH enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones. Bone resorption is the normal destruction of bone by osteoclasts, which are indirectly stimulated by PTH.In the kidney, Circulating parathyroid hormone influences the reabsorption that occurs in the distal tubules and the renal collecting ducts.PTH reduces the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney.PTH increases the activity of 1-a-hydroxylase enzyme, which conves 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, the major circulating form of inactive vitamin D, into 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, the active form of vitamin D, in the kidney.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology;24th edition; page no-377 | Physiology | Endocrinology | [
"calcitriol"
] | 157,480 |
068e4ab4-a34b-49e6-81f6-8c38d83cc11c | By which of the following anticoagulants used in estimating blood glucose, glycolysis is prevented- | EDTA | Heparin | Sodium fluoride | Sodium citrate | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sodium Fluoride Fluoride inhibits Enolase, an important enzyme involved in Glycolysis This enzyme catalyzes the following step in glycolysis. Enolase 2 phosphoglycerate > Phosphoenol pyruvate.Inhibition of Enolase causes subsequent inhibition of Glycolysis.This property of Fluoride is utilized when blood is collected in tubes to estimate blood glucose.Fluoride inhibits glycolysis by inhibiting enolase, this will help in correct determination of the glucose level as glycolysis will not be able to affect the level of glucose. | Biochemistry | Glycolysis | [
"edta"
] | 157,485 |
411dc486-32fd-4b65-acc2-bebaf970176f | A 25 year old nulliparous woman at 35 weeks' gestation comes to the labor and delivery ward complaining of contractions, a headache, and flashes of light in front of her eyes. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated except for an episode of first trimester bleeding that completely resolved. She has no medical problems. Her temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is 160/110 mm Hg, pulse is 88/minute, and respirations are 12/minute. Examination shows that her cervix is 2 centimeters dilated and 75% effaced, and that she is contracting every 2 minutes. The fetal hea tracing is in the 140s and reactive. Urinalysis shows 3+ proteinuria. Laboratory values are as follows: leukocytes 9,400/mm3, hematocrit 35%, platelets 101,000/mm3. Aspaate aminotransferase (AST) is 200 U/L, and ALT 300 U/L. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? | Administer oxytocin | Discharge the patient | Encourage ambulation | Sta magnesium sulfate | 3d
| multi | This patient has severe preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is diagnosed on the basis of hypeension, edema, and proteinuria. Severe preeclampsia may be diagnosed when the patient has one of the following: a headache that does not respond to analgesics, visual changes, seizure, very elevated blood pressures, pulmonary edema, elevated liver function tests, severe proteinuria, oliguria, an elevated creatinine, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, intrauterine growth restriction, or oligohydramnios. The management of severe preeclampsia after 32 weeks is with delivery. Prior to 32 weeks, consideration may be given to expectant management of the patient depending on the clinical circumstances. This patient is at 35 weeks' with headache, visual changes, elevated blood pressures, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests. She, therefore, needs to be delivered. She appears to already be in labor as she is contracting every two minutes and her cervix is dilated and effaced. At this point, magnesium sulfate should be staed. Magnesium sulfate has consistently been demonstrated to be the most effective medication for seizure prophylaxis in women with preeclampsia. To administer oxytocin would not be necessary for this patient. She appears to already be in labor with contractions every two minutes. To discharge the patient would absolutely be incorrect. Severe preeclampsia need to be delivered or, at the very least, admitted to the hospital. There is no role for discharging a patient home in the management of severe preeclampsia. To encourage ambulation would also be incorrect. Severe preeclampsia should be kept on bed rest. Ref: Cunningham F.G., Leveno K.J., Bloom S.L., Hauth J.C., Rouse D.J., Spong C.Y. (2010). Chapter 34. Pregnancy Hypeension. In F.G. Cunningham, K.J. Leveno, S.L. Bloom, J.C. Hauth, D.J. Rouse, C.Y. Spong (Eds), Williams Obstetrics, 23e. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"oxytocin"
] | 157,486 |
97ad58b7-909a-4495-b3c5-b2862faea188 | A 38 years old man is posted for extraction of last molar tooth under general anaesthesia as a day care case. He wishes to resume his work after 6 hours. Which of the following induction agent is preferred | Thiopentone sodium | Ketamine | Propofol | Diazepam | 2c
| single | C. i.e. (Propofol) (158 - 60 Lee's synopsis of anesthesia 13th)PROPOFOL - particularly suited for out patient surgery because residual impairment is less marked and incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting* Only agent which are rapidly eliminated are used eg Propofol, alfentanil, remifentanil, N20 Isoflurance,sevoflurane or desflurane* Commercial preparation contains egg extract (lecithin)**Advantage* Fitness to go to work - usually the following day* Fitness to return home - fitness to go out alone* Fitness to walk to the bathroom without feeling faint* The induction dose of propofol in healthy adult is - 1 - 2.5 mg/Kg* Used in Porphyria*** & malignant hyperthermia**Propofol Infusion syndrome - potentially lethal syndrome of metabolic acidosis, acute cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy associated with prolonged (>48 hours) high doses (>5m/ kg/h)* Midazolam can be safely uses for day care procedures*** Propofol is the agent of choice for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) | Surgery | Miscellaneous | [
"ketamine",
"diazepam",
"propofol"
] | 157,492 |
18f72940-51dd-4dc3-8079-528a767f16e0 | Regarding ketamine all are true except | Ketamine acts on NMDA receptors in brain | Indirectly acting sympathomimetic agent | Contraindicated in shock | Agent of choice in asthma patients. | 2c
| multi | Ketamine being sympathomimetic, is agent of choice in shock. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"ketamine"
] | 157,511 |
1295fcc9-56aa-4d35-ab26-5edd80eab64f | Drug used in acute iron poisoning is: | BAL | Desferrioxamine-B | Methylene blue | EDTA | 1b
| single | (Desferrioxamine-B): Ref: 11-30 - PPoisoningTreatments* Iron salt* Iodine* Lead* Hydrocyanic acid* Opium* Paracetamol* Copper sulphate- Gastric lavage, leave dilute NaHCO3 in stomach, Electrolyte correction, desferrioxane - B- Sodium thiosulfate orally, Demulcents- EDTA, Penicillamine- Dicobalt tetracemate, Methylene blue- Methadone- Cysteamine- Potassium ferrocyanide, BAL, Cuprimine Magnesium sulfate | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology | [
"edta"
] | 157,514 |
5b1cd827-1099-4a21-9a84-89d9481a1811 | A new born with a marked CHD with decreased pulmonary vascularity should be treated with? | Digoxin | Indomethacin | Prostaglandin E1 | Epinephrine | 2c
| single | . | Pathology | All India exam | [
"epinephrine",
"digoxin",
"indomethacin"
] | 157,517 |
723c10f1-2c6f-45f9-a8f8-6a5ed8ff9960 | Oligospermia is a side effect of which of the following drug: | Methotrexate | D-Penicillamine | Lefluonamide | Hydroxychloroquine | 0a
| single | Methotrexate | Pharmacology | null | [
"methotrexate",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"penicillamine"
] | 157,531 |
bf009ffe-2da6-4cad-9685-64cb54e01034 | The preferred drug for controlling an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis is: | Prednisolone | Sulfasalazine | Mesalazine | Vancomycin | 0a
| single | - Coicosteroids are the mainstay of treatment of acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. - so, among the given options prednisolone is best to be used in controlling acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis | Pharmacology | Gastro-Intestinal Tract | [
"prednisolone",
"sulfasalazine",
"vancomycin",
"mesalazine"
] | 157,532 |
cf639255-3344-4e51-b129-2666f3c07eff | In central serous retinopathy – | Often shows focal leakage on fluorescein fundus photography | A macular hole is a common end result | The image perceived by the patient on the affected side in unilateral cases is bigger than on the normal side | A dense central scotoma is the most common presentation | 0a
| single | Fluorescein angiography shows focal leakage of fluorescein in cenral serous retinopathy.
Image of an object is perceived smaller than normal side, i.e., metamorphosia.
Common end result is spontaneous healing
Most common presentation is sudden painless loss of vision. | Ophthalmology | null | [
"fluorescein"
] | 157,543 |
357b2918-c345-4cfb-aea9-f6e59c40c561 | Which among the following drug is contra–indicated in renal failure ? | Pethidine | Morphine | Fentanyl | Atracurium | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"morphine",
"atracurium",
"pethidine",
"fentanyl"
] | 157,551 |
133e0943-deea-471f-bf69-db7d277cc89b | Sustained neutropenia is seen with | Vinbalstine | Cisplatin | Carmustine | Cycloohosphamide | 2c
| single | Refer Goodman Gilman 11/e p1330 KDT 6/e p822. Myrelosuppression leading to neutropenia ,thrombocytopenia and anemia is seen is seen with most of the anticancer drugs The characterstic features of Myelosuprresion produced by carmustine | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy | [
"cisplatin"
] | 157,557 |
286b669b-ee22-4d53-a226-2bc5c04470e7 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis is said to be Multi - drug resistant if it is resistant to: | Isoniazid alone | Rifampicin Alone | Both Isoniazid and Rifampicin | Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol | 2c
| multi | Ans. C. Both Isoniazid and RifampicinM tuberculosis is said to be multidrug resistant if it is resistant to Rifampicin and Isoniazid. And it is known as XDR if it is resistant to Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Fluoroquinolone and one of the three injectable drugs (Amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin) | Pediatrics | Infection | [
"ethambutol",
"isoniazid"
] | 157,574 |
7fa39100-dca0-445c-9752-860e11c55f81 | Hypeonic dysfunctional labour is generally characterised by: | Rapid cervical dilatation | Less pain In labour | Responds ourably to oxytocin stimulation | Needs adequate pain relief | 3d
| multi | Hypeonic state of uterus or Imcordinate uterine action : Patient is in agony with unbearable pain referred to back Oxytocin cause fetal tachycardia due to fetal stress Inappropriate dilatation of cervix Uterus is tender and gentle manipulation excites hardening of the uterus with pain. Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 337. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Abnormal labor | [
"oxytocin"
] | 157,584 |
cbf62cda-fb2f-476c-a9f6-cba1583ef1b9 | Which of the following drug is cell cycle phase specific? | Ifosfamide | Bleomycin | Cisplatin | Chlorambucil | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Bleomycin Bleomycin is specific for G2 phase. o Alkylating agents (Ifosfamide, chlorambucil) and platinum compound (cisplatin) are cell cycle nonspecific. | Pharmacology | null | [
"chlorambucil",
"cisplatin"
] | 157,587 |
ffac3981-2a84-4de1-b63a-8ed991fb23ba | A 56-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of memory loss and difficulty walking. She has noticed personality changes, truancy from work, and lack of personal care over the past 1 year. On examination he appears unkempt, smells of urine, and is uncooperative. He cannot recall the date or season, and gets angry when asked questions. His answers are often fabricated when checked with his wife. The blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg, pulse 100/min, and he is diaphoretic and tremulous. His gait is wide based, and motor strength and reflexes are normal. His ocular movements are normal but there is nystagmus on lateral gaze. In the past he has had multiple admissions for alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? | prophylactic phenytoin administration | prophylactic diazepam administration | prophylactic carbamazepine administration | calcium administration | 1b
| multi | Prophylactic administration of diazepam in a withdrawing alcoholic can prevent or reduce severe syndromes such as delirium tremens (DTs). Prophylactic phenytoin, however, is not helpful. A calm, quiet environment with close observation and frequent reassurance is very important. Vitamin administration (especially thiamine) is important, but frequently, severe magnesium depletion slows improvement. | Medicine | C.N.S. | [
"carbamazepine",
"diazepam",
"phenytoin"
] | 157,588 |
18dd3ec6-81c3-431c-a3c8-60cad9f1fc3d | The following statements about Bupivacaine are true except | Must never be injected into a vein | More cardiotoxic than lignocaine | 0.5 percent is effective for sensory block | It produces methaemoglobinemia | 3d
| multi | Prilocaine is the local anesthetic that produces methemoglobinemia as an adverse effect. All other statements are true. Ref: K D Tripathi; 7th edition; Page no 367 | Pharmacology | Anesthesia | [
"bupivacaine"
] | 157,600 |
0d37dcd5-3067-4c88-a9f0-a9f862a9f319 | Stroke prevention | Streptokinase | Streptase | Warfarin | Tissue plasminogen activator | 2c
| single | (C) Warfarin# MEDICATIONS for TIA/STROKE PREVENTION> Anti-platelet medications:> Anti-platelet medications used to prevent and reduce the risk of stroke include: Aspirin; Aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole; Clopidogrel; Ticlopidine> Aspirin is the most commonly used preventive therapy for patients at risk for stroke. However, at least 10 percent of patients are unable to take aspirin long-term, usually due to stomach problems.> Anticoagulant medication: that is usually prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke is warfarin. Warfarin usually is prescribed in patients with atrial fibrillation and other cardiovascular disorders to reduce the risk of stroke. If you are in the hospital, heparin is an anticoagulant that may be given intravenously. Anticoagulants can also be injected into the skin to prevent clots in the legs. Such clots can form when patients are on bed rest.> Anticoagulants decrease the blood's ability to clot and prevent the formation of additional clots. If you are prescribed an anticoagulant, your follow-up will include frequent blood tests so your response to the medication can be monitored.> Treatment for acute (sudden onset) stroke is the administration of a thrombolytic agent, or "clot buster," including streptokinase or streptase and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA).> These medications can dissolve the blockage within the artery to restore blood flow to the brain. They must be given within the first three hours of the onset of stroke symptoms and are usually given in a hospital where the patient can be closely monitored. The risk, however, is bleeding into the brain, which can worsen the disability. Patients need to be carefully screened and evaluated before and after thrombolytic treatment. | Medicine | Miscellaneous | [
"warfarin",
"streptokinase"
] | 157,612 |
b581f2d3-849d-47c1-8bcb-671688906489 | Testosterone inhibitors are all except ? | Spironolactone | Flutamide | Finasteride | Sildenafil | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Sildenafil | Pharmacology | null | [
"flutamide",
"spironolactone",
"sildenafil"
] | 157,613 |
87c54909-e9e1-4ad3-89ab-69739055aee9 | Which of the following drug is a 5HT2c agonist approved for treatment of obesity and causes Serotonin Syndrome as an adverse effect? | Lorcaserin | Sibutramine | Modafinil | Rimonabant | 0a
| single | Lorcaserin: 5HT2c agonist Causes weight loss S/E: Serotonin syndrome Sibutramine: Serotonin and nor-adrenaline reuptake inhibitor Discontinued due to increased risk of stroke Modafinil: used in treatment of Narcolepsy Rimonabant: Inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor - 1 Causes weight loss Prevents craving of alcohol S/E: psychological problems (withdrawn) | Pharmacology | Histamine, 5-HT and PGs | [
"modafinil",
"lorcaserin"
] | 157,634 |
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