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96ab1e65-dce9-458a-9bf9-a4e4974704f8 | Which of the following drug can be used in both Type 1 & Type 2 DM? | Metformin | Rapaglinide | Pramlintide | Sitagliptin | 2c
| multi | Pramlintide is a synthetic analogue of Amylin which is the only drug other than Insulin that can be used in both Type 1 & Type 2 DM. | Pharmacology | null | [
"sitagliptin",
"pramlintide",
"metformin"
] | 156,307 |
2d4c3d41-4b62-48b6-9fd4-97bd4a1ee1b5 | Drug which is NOT contra-indicated in pregnancy: March 2011 | Propyl-thiouracil | Radioactive Iodine | Valproate | Warfarin | 0a
| single | Ans. A: Propyl-thiouracil Thioamide drugs (methyl and propyl thiouracil, methimazole and carbimazole) can also be used during pregnancy (the lowest possible dose should be used) The foetal thyroid is extremely susceptible to radiation and may be quickly destroyed. Propylthiouracil/ PTU/ 6-n-Propylthiouracil It is a thioamide drug used to treat hypehyroidism (including Graves' disease) by decreasing the amount of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Its notable side effects include a risk of agranulocytosis. PTU inhibits the enzyme thyroperoxidase, which normally acts in thyroid hormone synthesis by oxidizing the anion iodide (I-) to iodine (10), facilitating iodine's addition to tyrosine residues on the hormone precursor thyroglobulin. This is one of the essential steps in the formation of thyroxine (T4). PTU does not inhibit the action of the sodium-dependent iodide transpoer located on follicular cells' basolateral membranes. Inhibition of this step requires competitive inhibitors, such as perchlorate and thiocyanate. PTU also acts by inhibiting the enzyme 5'-deiodinase (tetraiodothyronine 5' deiodinase), which conves T4 to the active form T3. (This is in contrast to methimazole, which shares propylthiouracil's central mechanism, but not its peripheral one) Administration is oral, with peak serum concentrations occurring in one hour, and actively concentrated to the thyroid gland. The drug is approximately 70% protein-bound and significantly ionized at normal physiologic pH, while the antithyroid agent methimazole is substantially less protein bound. However both are equally transferred across the placenta. Less than 10% of the drug is excreted unchanged, with the remaining fraction undergoing extensive hepatic metabolism glucuronidation. One side effect is agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia A more life threatening side effect is sudden, severe, fulminant hepatic failure occurs in up to 1 in 10,000 people taking propylthiouracil. PTU is preferred over methimazole only in the first trimester of pregnancy and in woman who may become pregnant. In the second and third trimester, methimazole is preferred. | Pharmacology | null | [
"valproate",
"warfarin"
] | 156,338 |
6ae1a364-6e1f-4f2a-a369-ee749031b4fe | A 57-year- old lady came with chief complaints of fatigue. On fuher questioning, she reveals that she has gained 5 kg weight in one month. She has been taking L-thyroxine for hypothyroidism since 10 years and fairly controlled. Recently she was staed on an anti-arrhythmic drug for treatment of his cardiac condition. The symptoms staed after sta of this drug. Most likely anti-arrhythmic drug she was prescribed is? | Lignocaine | Amiodarone | Procainamide | Verapamil | 1b
| single | The patient is already a case of hypothyroidism stabilized on thyroxine. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug with side effects on the thyroid gland and thyroid hormones. It inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. It contains iodine and can inhibit the formation of thyroid hormones. Most likely Amiodarone would have resulted in loss of control over the hypothyroidism. Procainamide, lidocaine and verapamil are also anti-arrhythmics but have no role on thyroid. | Pharmacology | Endocrine | [
"amiodarone",
"procainamide",
"verapamil",
"thyroxine"
] | 156,377 |
e43b7952-929f-4da7-937f-65276d68d943 | Features of depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents are all/ except | Cause muscle fascicutation | No fade | No post tetanic facilitation | Reversed by neostigmine | 3d
| multi | D i.e. Reversed by neostigmine | Anaesthesia | null | [
"neostigmine"
] | 156,401 |
944a4b14-2f91-4c9f-b541-a37b758b9abf | A 55-year-old female with painful chronic diarrhea, multiple recurrent duodenal ulcers, and increased basal gastric acid output is most likely to hav | A gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas | A serotonin-secreting tumor of the ileum | A somatostatin-secreting tumor of the duodenum | An epinephrine-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla | 0a
| single | Functional islet cell tumors of the pancreas secrete specific substances that result in several syndromes. Pancreatic gastrinomas (tumors of the G cells of the pancreas) secrete gastrin and are a cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. This syndrome consists of intractable gastric hypersecretion, severe peptic ulceration of the duodenum and jejunum, and high serum levels of gastrin. The majority of gastrinomas are malignant. Insulinomas (tumors of b cells) are the most common islet cell neoplasm and are usually benign. Symptoms include low blood sugar, hunger, sweating, and nervousness. Glucagonomas (islet cell tumors of the a cells) secrete glucagon and are characterized by mild diabetes, anemia, venous thrombosis, severe infections, and a migratory, necrotizing, erythematous skin rash. d cell tumors, which secrete somatostatin, produce a syndrome associated with mild diabetes, gallstones, steatorrhea, and hypochlorhydria. The majority of d cell tumors are malignant. D1 tumors produce Verner-Morrison syndrome, which is characterized by explosive, profuse diarrhea with hypokalemia and hypochlorhydria. This combination of symptoms is referred to as pancreatic cholera Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9edition | Pathology | miscellaneous | [
"epinephrine"
] | 156,419 |
01462b95-ec1e-4187-999e-44e9ed52cb27 | All are endogenous catecholamines except : | Epinephrine | Norepinephrine | Dopamine | Dobutamine | 3d
| multi | Dobutamine ] Catecholamines are compound containing catechol nucleus and a side chain containing amine group. | Pharmacology | null | [
"epinephrine",
"dobutamine"
] | 156,430 |
6f44eae9-db68-4e8d-a32e-eaf95a3f8d51 | Regarding, Kleine-Levin syndrome which of the following is not true? | Hypersomnia | Hyposexuality | Modafinil is DOC | Also called sleeping beauty syndrome | 1b
| multi | Klein - Levine syndrome is a type of Hypersomnia It consists of triad of - Hypersomnia - Hyperphagia - Hypersexuality Treatment - modafinil(DOC) | Psychiatry | Sleep Disorders | [
"modafinil"
] | 156,431 |
9fc10e17-c074-4ca4-a5fa-31f39535fafc | Drug/s causing SIADH include - | Chlorpropamide | Oxytocin | Cyclophosphamide | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Drugs causing syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)* Vasopressin or desmopressin* Chlorpropamide* Oxytocin, high dose* Vincristine or vinblastine* Carbamazepine* Nicotine* Phenothiazines* Cyclophosphamide* Tricyclic antidepressants* Monoamine oxidase inhibitors* Serotonin reuptake inhibitors | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | [
"oxytocin",
"chlorpropamide",
"cyclophosphamide"
] | 156,439 |
76fff183-5954-4cc7-9f4d-fd6da9840f0f | A 28-year-old HIV patient presents with non-productive cough and difficulty in breathing which was progressively increasing. Chest X-ray shows diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates along with pneumatocele. Gomori's methenamine silver staining of the bronchoalveolar lavage shows the following. The most probable causative organism is | H.capsulatum | P.jirovecii | R.seeberi | C.neoformans | 1b
| single | The given clinical picture and the GMS stain showing the black colored stained cysts resembling the crushed ping pong balls are suggestive of pneumocystis pneumonia. It is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. Patients with PCP generally present with fever and cough that is usually non-productive. Finding on chest x-ray is either a normal film if the disease is suspected early, or diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates. The classic finding of dense perihilar infiltrate is unusual in patients with AIDS. Treatment: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine isethionate. Reference: Ananthanarayan and Paniker&;s Textbook of Microbiology Tenth edition | Microbiology | mycology | [
"methenamine"
] | 156,440 |
78134470-cdca-4cd7-96e6-4fe4fef6ca25 | A 30-year-old male, Rajinder presents to OPD your office with fatigue, muscle weakness and headache. His blood pressure is 170/120 mm Hg and his hea rate is 100/min. Laboratory evaluation reveals hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and decreased plasma renin activity. On CT scan, a mass was noted on left suprarenal gland. Patient was prescribed a drug for few weeks and the symptoms subsided. Laboratory values and blood pressure returned to normal values. The likely drug given to this patient is? | Clonidine | Propanolol | Hydrochlorothiazide | Spironolactone | 3d
| single | (Ref: KK Sharma 2/e p233) Mosty likely diagnosis in this patient is aldosterone secreting tumor (adenoma) leading to primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome). Aldosterone excess will cause hypeension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and depressed renin. Aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone or eplerenone can be used as medical therapy for Conn's syndrome. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"hydrochlorothiazide",
"spironolactone",
"clonidine"
] | 156,449 |
0864976a-ae1f-4524-b0f9-29f3b5081cab | Alzheimer's disease is treated by: | Neostigmine | Rivastigmine | Trihexyphenidyl | Benztropine | 1b
| single | Ans. B. Rivastigminea. The mainstay of therapy for patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) is the use of centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors to attempt to compensate for the depletion of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampusb. Rivastigmine, Galantamine, Donepezil are centrally acting ChE inhibitors used for Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil is long acting and can be used once daily. Rivastigmine is also available as a transdermal patchc. Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist is also used for Alzheimer's. | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | [
"benztropine",
"neostigmine",
"rivastigmine",
"trihexyphenidyl"
] | 156,450 |
732441d6-e968-459d-9b86-9d043b5e4317 | what is the drug of choice for management of dystonia | trihexyphenidyl | propanolol | vitamin E | clonazepam | 0a
| single | Acute dystonia * <48 hours of staing antipsychotics * M.C in======Younger black males * If a patient develops dystonia he is more prone for eps Patient considers this as an Allergic reaction , thereby may stop drugs Layryngeal dystonia is a Psychiatric emergency, should be treated with IV lorazepam TREATMENT * Diphenhydramine * Benztropine mesylate * Prophylactic anticholinergics helps Ref. kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 925 | Anatomy | Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry | [
"trihexyphenidyl"
] | 156,457 |
3636fd8c-023a-493f-963f-737f0765c2de | The drug prednisolone is known to be a powerful anti- inflammatory agent. This is true due to the action of the drug on which of the following enzymes? | Cyclo oxygenase | Lipoxygenase | Phospholipase A | Phosphodiesterase | 2c
| multi | -Steroids inhibit phospholipase A2 enzyme by causing induction of proteins called Annexins. -Phospholipase A2 is involved in formation of PG (Prostaglandin) and LT(leukotriene) | Pharmacology | Adrenal | [
"prednisolone"
] | 156,459 |
744e8ffa-0a30-4dca-a938-c63b99415477 | Lower esophageal sphincter pressure is increased by all of the following substances, EXCEPT: | Gastrin | Vasopressin | Glucagon | Secretin | 3d
| multi | The lower esophageal sphincter, a physiologic entity but not an anatomic structure, plays an impoant pa in preventing gastroesophageal reflux. Neural, hormonal, myogenic, and mechanical factors influence the tone of the sphincter. Gastrin, vasopressin, glucagon, adrenergic agonists, and cholinergic agents increase the pressure. Secretin has the opposite effect REF: GUYTON 12TH ED | Physiology | All India exam | [
"vasopressin",
"glucagon"
] | 156,474 |
1f09b29f-43fe-4229-8c2b-fe0008d70a30 | All the following regarding histoplasmosis are true except - | Very rare in patients with AIDS | Bone marrow is involved | Gomori Methenamine silver stain used | Dimorphic fungi | 0a
| multi | null | Microbiology | null | [
"methenamine"
] | 156,478 |
e0992ffc-55b5-4b43-ba6e-e25b3b651b21 | For a child 3-5 months age with H1N1, treatment Oseltamivir dose is | 20 mg OD X 5 days | 12 mg BD X 5 days | 25 mg BD X 5 days | 20 mg BD X 5 days | 3d
| single | Oseltamivir (Tamiflu ) is the drug of choice for swine flu H1N1 But it's dose is given according to the age and weight of the person. Age >3 months to 12 months - 3 mg/kg BD x 5 Days >1 month to 3 months - 2.5 mg/kg BD x 5 Days 0 to 1 month - 2 mg/kg BD x 5 Days Weight <15 kg - 30 mg BD x 5 Days 15-23 kg - 45 mg BD x 5 Days 24-40 kg - 60 mg BD x 5 Days >40 kg - 75 mg BD x 5 Days | Social & Preventive Medicine | FMGE 2018 | [
"oseltamivir"
] | 156,484 |
22ccfc63-1a08-47db-9b75-fa0e926c04c1 | Imatinib primarily acts by inhibiting: | BCR-ABL | Tyrosine kinase | PGDFR | None | 1b
| multi | Ans. (B) Tyrosine kinase(Ref: KDT 8th/e p929)Imatinib inhibits tyrosine kinase linked withabl-bcr fusionPDGF receptorc-kit receptor | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles | [
"imatinib"
] | 156,489 |
27681d39-5515-4391-b893-ecd5b29c16b3 | Which one of the following drugs does not undergo the first-pass effect? | Propanolol | Lidocaine | Insulin | Morphine | 2c
| single | Insulin bypasses hepatic effect. Pg.no. 260 KD TRIPATHI Seventh edition Drugs that undergo first-pass elimination are opioids, beta-adrenergic blockers, progesterone, isosorbide dinitrate etc. Subcutaneous administration of insulin delivered into the peripheral circulation can lead to near-normal glycemia but differs from the physiological secretion of insulin in two major ways: * The absorption kinetics do not reproduce the rapid rise and decline of endogenous insulin in response to changes in blood glucose. * Injected insulin is delivered into the peripheral circulation instead of being released into the poal circulation. Thus, the poal/peripheral insulin concentration is not physiological, and this may alter the influence of insulin on hepatic metabolism. Pg no 1248 Goodman and Gillmann 12th edition Pg no 17 sathoskar 25th edition | Pharmacology | General pharmacology | [
"morphine",
"lidocaine"
] | 156,499 |
07229e33-e44d-4000-af2a-5d51a05eb98c | Contraindications for medical method (mifepristone misoprostol) of first trimester MTP? | Patient with hemoglobin of 7 gm% | Suspected ectopic pregnancy | Glaucoma | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the aboveContraindications (due to medical reasons) for medical method of aboion:Smoking > 35 yearsHemoglobin < 8 g%Ectopic pregnancy/ adnexal massCoagulopathyChronic adrenal failureUncontrolled hypeension ( BP>160/100mmHg)CVDSevere renal, hepatic or respiratory diseasesGlaucomaUncontrolled seizureAllergy or intolerance to mifepristone /misoprostol or other prostaglandinsLack of access to 24 hours emergency services | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"mifepristone",
"misoprostol"
] | 156,507 |
8efba0b4-2eb6-4114-84f5-3553c344dca6 | Which of the following is best for reducing proteinuria in diabetic patient | Metaprolol | Perindopril | Chlohiazide | Clonidine | 1b
| single | Refer CMDT 2010/1105 An ACE inhibitor in normotensive Diabetic impedes progression to proteinuria and prevents the excretion in albumin excretion rate | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"clonidine"
] | 156,539 |
1d18beff-ebc7-46c3-bba6-15d9dc8383c5 | The antifungal which has a bactericidal mode of action against dermatophyte infections in therapeutic doses is - | Fluconazole | Terbinafine | Itraconazole | Ketoconazole | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Terbinafine | Pharmacology | null | [
"fluconazole",
"itraconazole",
"ketoconazole",
"terbinafine"
] | 156,552 |
3c0e8d69-b75d-4a94-ac33-3e50da345ce6 | Tamoxifen given in breast carcinoma for | 2 years | 3 years | 5 years | Lifelong | 2c
| single | Women with hormone receptor-positive tumours will obtain a wohwhile benefit from at least 5 years of endocrine therapy, either 20 mg daily of tamoxifen if premenopausal or the Aromatase Inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) if postmenopausal. Recent trials have shown that longer durations of endocrine therapy provide a small extra benefit but with increased toxicity.It is no longer appropriate to give hormone therapy to women who do not have oestrogen or progesterone receptor-positive disease. Ref: Bailey and Love, 27e, page: 878 | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast | [
"tamoxifen"
] | 156,570 |
e80fda7b-0663-4b96-8eee-d0b216489ec3 | Which of the following anesthetic agent is frequently
used for conscious sedation? | Nitrous oxide and oxygen | Chloral hydrate | Diazepam | Ether | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null | [
"diazepam"
] | 156,584 |
a2c695b4-7eff-4321-b2c6-450e827c5967 | L-dopa is combined with carbidopa in the treatment of parkinsonism to | Decrease the efficacy of levodopa | Inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa | Increase the dose of levodopa required | Inhibit conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the CNS | 1b
| single | (B) (Inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa) (429-30 KDT 7th) (Lippincott's Pharmacology)Carbidopa is combined with levodopa to inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and make more levodopa available to cross the blood brain barrier to reach its site of action.Extracerebral Dopa Decarboxylase inhibitorsCarbidopaQBenserazideQCo-administration of levodopa with peripheral Decarboxylase inhibitors :* Levodopa is a metabolic precursor of dopamine and is the first- line treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is believed to result from insufficient dopamine in specific regions of the brain)* Dopamine itself does not cross the blood brain barrier but levodopa (its immediate precursor) is actively transported in to the CNS and is converted into dopamine in the brain* The major limitation of Levodopa however is that large amount of Levodopa is decarboxylated in the peripheral tissue forming dopamine in the periphery (this dopamine formed in the periphery does not cross blood brain barrier).* Asa result large amount of Levodopa are required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and side effects from formation of dopamine in the periphery like nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension become prominent.* Lovodopa is therefore usually coadministerd with peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors like carbidopa or Benserazide which prevent the decarboxylation of leyodopa in peripheral tissues there by making more levodpa available to act on the CNS.* These peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors do not penetrate the blood brain barrier and hence do not inhibit conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the brain which is required for its therapeutic action.* Levodopa for these reasons is almost always coadministered with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor like carbidopa or benserazide.Benefits of Co-administering Lavodopa with Carbidopa/Bensersazide* Prolongs the plasma t'A of levodopa and reduces the dose needed to approximately 1/4th* Reduces the peripheral side effects of levodopa as the concentration of dopamine in the peripheral tissues reduced- | Nausea and vomiting- | Cardiac complication* May reduce the on- off effect since cerebral dopamine levels are more sustainedRapid fluctuations in clinical state where' hypokinesia and rigidity suddenly worsen and then improve again is called the on off effect. This on- effect is not seen in untreated patients with PD but are known unwanted effects of levodopa therapy* Degree of improvement may be higher as some patients not responding to levodopa alone also improve* Co-administration with carbidopa, however does not resolve all unwanted effectsProblems not resolved by coadministration of carbidopa include* Involuntary movements/Behavioral abnormalities* Postural hvpotension Synthesis of Dopamine from Levodopa in the absence and presence of carbidopa, an inhibitor of dopamine decarboxylase in the peripheral tissue. | Pharmacology | C.N.S | [
"carbidopa",
"levodopa"
] | 156,608 |
5e68590b-04ad-4415-939e-7a8966cd1abe | The progression of which of the following diseases is retarded by chronic use of enalapril ? | Diabetic nephropathy | Diabetic retinopathy | Hypertensive nephropathy | All of the above | 3d
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"enalapril"
] | 156,618 |
db66e215-45d2-419b-b4ae-63fc0de7e33f | Which of the following conditions most rapidly produce functional deficiency of vitamin k | Premature delivery of the baby | Pure vegan diet | Broad spectrum antibiotics consumption | Warfarin therapy | 3d
| single | Warfarin prevents the recycling of vitamin K by blocking the activity of Vitamin K epoxide reductase, thus creating a functional vitamin K deficiency. | Biochemistry | null | [
"warfarin"
] | 156,632 |
f8a0a32d-10d9-4ded-8951-775bedf46f0c | Which of the following is not converted into active metabolite? | Cyclophosphmide | Diazepam | Fluoxentine | Lisinopril | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"lisinopril",
"diazepam"
] | 156,638 |
f2ac2f17-f084-4c58-8cdb-8127f1ffdd80 | Drug of choice in acute mania is: | Lithium | Chlorpromazine | Valproic acid | Risperidone | 3d
| single | DOC of acute mania- antipsychotic However if in exam, you have an option of mood stabilizer plus antipsychotic, that would become the preferred answer. E.g. If in this question , there was an option of lithium plus risperidone, that would have been the best answer In absence of combination, we would chose antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics like risperidone are preferred over typical antipsychotics like chlorpromazine, because of better side effect profile | Psychiatry | Mood Disorders | [
"chlorpromazine"
] | 156,646 |
a1973354-6c98-4f21-ad31-91ee9445cdca | Regarding aprepitant all are true except: | Agonist at NK1 receptors | Crosses Blood Brain Barrier | Ameliorate nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy | Metabolized by CYP450 enzymes | 0a
| multi | it is a recently introduced selective high affinity NK1 receptor antagonst that blocks the emetic action of substance P,with little effect on 5HT3and D2 or other receptor ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION KD TRIPATHI PG NO.669 | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract | [
"aprepitant"
] | 156,649 |
0006af36-29be-4eab-8677-9fcaf03851ca | During the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia cytogenetic is least likely to occur with which one of' the following modalities of treatment ? | Hydroxyurea | imatinib mesylate | Interferon-alpha | Bone marrow transplantation | 0a
| single | Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, fevers, loss of appetite, psychiatric problems, shoness of breath, and headaches.There is also concern that it increases the risk of later cancers. Use during pregnancy is typically harmful to the baby.Hydroxycarbamide is in the antineoplastic family of medications. It is believed to work by blocking the making of DNA. Hydroxycarbamide, also known as hydroxyurea, is a medication used in sickle-cell disease, chronic myelogenous leukemia, cervical cancer, and polycythemia vera.In sickle-cell disease it increases hemoglobin and decreases the number of attacks. It is taken by mouth Hydroxycarbamide is used for the following indications: Myeloproliferative disease (primarily polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia). It has been found to be superior to anagrelide for the control of ET. Sickle-cell disease(increases production of fetal hemoglobin that then interferes with the hemoglobin polymerisation as well as by reducing white blood cells that contribute to the general inflammatory state in sickle cell patients.) Second line treatment for psoriasis(slows down the rapid division of skin cells) Psoriasis Systemic mastocytosis Chronic myelogenous leukemia (largely replaced by imatinib, but still in use for its cost-effectiveness Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 783 | Medicine | Haematology | [
"imatinib"
] | 156,662 |
5fdc4b2e-323a-40ba-83d1-c16a5c9adad0 | A vitamin related to a co-factor in glycine metabolism is | Thiamine | Biotin | Folic acid | Pantothenic acid | 2c
| single | Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition | Biochemistry | vitamins | [
"biotin"
] | 156,664 |
3987900e-0d95-4990-b625-9077a60a91d6 | Digoxin toxicity is enhanced by all, except: | Quinidine | Hypokalemia | Hypomagnesemia | Hepatic dysfunction | 3d
| multi | Answer is D (Hepatic dysfunction) Digoxin toxicity is enhanced by renal failure as it is excreted through kidneys where as digitoxin toxicity is enhanced by liver failure because it is eliminated by hepatic metabolism. Hepatic dysfunction does not affect digoxin elemination. Reduced tolerance to digoxin may be seen in : Advanced age Q Acute myocardial infarction Q / ischaemia / hypoxemia Magnesium depletion Hypercalcemia Q Hypothyroidism e Renal insufficiency Q Electrical cardioversion. The administration of following drugs raises the serum concentration of digoxin : (by reducing both the renal and nonrenal elimination of digoxin and by reducing its volume of distribution) Quinidine Q Verapamil Amiodarone Propufenonedeg | Medicine | null | [
"digoxin",
"quinidine"
] | 156,674 |
20d497df-14b1-457d-b0d4-0ee17b5db833 | The term "Tracking" of blood pressure refers to - | 24 hr BP monitoring | Identifying children at risk of developing hypeension at future date | Pictorial representation of BP | BP control with nifedipine | 1b
| single | <p> If blood pressure level of individuals were followed up over a period of years from early childhood into adult life,then those individuals whose pressures were initially high in the distribution,would probably continue in the same &;track&; as adults. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:374. <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases | [
"nifedipine"
] | 156,675 |
2e862800-cfe0-4d7b-a934-6afb1c0a8f48 | Seal like limbs i.e. phocomelia is a specific side effect of - | Thalidomide | Cyclophosphamide | Doxorubicin | Terazocin | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thalidomide * Repeat from NEET Dec -16 | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect | [
"cyclophosphamide",
"thalidomide",
"doxorubicin"
] | 156,698 |
d52f9a8c-3b4f-4028-945c-fcd5a7e68d53 | Bromocriptine inhibits: (Repeat) | Prolactin | Vasopressin | Imipramine | Levodopa | 0a
| single | Ans: A (Prolactin) Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology by K.D.Tripathi, 6th ed p.235Explanation:Prolactin is under predominant inhibitory control of hypothalamus through PRIH which is dopamine that acts on pituitary lactotrope D2 receptor.Dopamine agonists - |Plasma Prolactin levelsDopamine antagonists - |Plasma Prolactin levelsDopaminergic agonistsDopamineBromocriptineCabergolineDopaminergic antagonistsChlorpromazineHaloperidolMetoclopramideDopamine depleters (Reserpine. Methyldopa) | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | [
"vasopressin",
"bromocriptine",
"levodopa",
"imipramine"
] | 156,706 |
6ae0530a-b715-4d20-96e2-c35433d79e58 | Which of the following drugs acts by blocking RNA transcription? | Rifampicin | Streptomycin | Isoniazid | Chloramphenicol | 0a
| single | DRUG MECHANISM Rifampicin Inhibit transcription of RNA Isoniazid Act on mycobacterial membrane Streptomycin Inhibit protein synthesis Chloramphenicol Inhibit protein synthesis | Pharmacology | Protein Synthesis Inhibitors | [
"isoniazid",
"chloramphenicol"
] | 156,717 |
acfbb13e-b857-4349-816d-794b54a4e5f0 | Rhinitis medicamentosa is caused by- | Nasal decongestants | Antihistaminic drugs | Steroids | Salbutamol | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nasal decongestantsRhinitis medicamentosao Caused by excessive use of topical decongestant nasal drops.o It is treated by withdrawal of nasal drops, short course of systemic steroid therapy and in some cases surgical reduction of turbinates, if they have become hypertrophied | ENT | Rhinitis | [
"salbutamol"
] | 156,721 |
36fea632-3cb4-49aa-aea8-fdca39e5dbc7 | Opiod induced respiratory depression can be reversed with | Naloxone | Theophylline | Artificial ventillation | Doxapram | 0a
| single | Ans: A (Naloxone) Ref: Goodman &Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 2011, 12'h Edition, McGrow Hill, Burton LL P519- 520Explanation:Naloxone is the treatment of choice in the reversal of respiratory depression due to opioids.Naloxone has to be diluted and slowly administered intravenously to avoid withdrawal in opioid dependent patientsMonitoring of arousal and respiratory function are essential during this treatmentRestoration of respiration without naloxone therapy may still results in death of the patient due to complication that develop during comaNoncardiogenic pulmonary edema that develops during opioid poisoning can be reversed by positive pressure ventilation | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect | [
"naloxone",
"theophylline"
] | 156,729 |
8d64f089-c12a-4bab-90f9-b586bf6b7d9e | Lalloo, 50 years old, a chronic smoker, presents with history of hemoptysis. He was having truncal obesity and hypeension. He had an elevated ACTH level which was not suppressible with high dose dexamethasone. What would be the most probable diagnosis: | Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia | Adrenal adenoma | Pituitary tumour | Ectopic ACTH producing lung cancer | 3d
| multi | Answer is D (Ectopic ACTH producing lung cancer) Truncal obesity, hypeension and elevated ACTH levels suggest a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Elevated ACTH level not suppressible by high dose Dexamethasone indicate the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome due to Ectopic ACTH production. | Medicine | null | [
"dexamethasone"
] | 156,766 |
c823129b-273a-4807-ad4b-84b96db09bc7 | Which of the following can be used in the management of acute pancreatitis? | Octreotide | Aprotinin | Glucagone | All the above | 3d
| multi | Antibiotic, coicosteroids, H2 blockers and NSAIDS also have a role. | Surgery | null | [
"octreotide"
] | 156,779 |
8fc7f8e8-f659-4f9d-a2ce-1b239c0d6656 | LHRH analogue used in breast cancer - | Cetrorelix | Anastrazole | Leuprolide | Tamoxifen | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leuprolide o Among the given options only leuprolide is GnRH (LHRH/FSHRH) analogue. o Cetrorelix is GnRH antagonist, tamoxifen is SERM and anastrozole is aromatase inhibitor. | Pharmacology | null | [
"tamoxifen"
] | 156,793 |
1eb8b7cf-24da-428b-a54d-55cc92a4db12 | A diabetic patient developed cellulitis due to staphylococcus aureus, which was found to be Methicillin resistant on the antibiotic sensitivity testing. All the following antibiotics will be appropriate except- | Vancomycin | Imipenem | Teichoplanin | Linezolid | 1b
| multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Imipenem "The carbapenem imipenem has excellent activity against methicillin-sensitive S.aureus but not MRSA." MRSA is resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics because resistance develops due to alteration in transpeptidase (penicillin binding protein) on which all beta-lactam antibiotics act. Drugs for MRSA --> Vancomycin (DOC), Ciprofloxacin Quinopristin/dalfopristin Tigecyclin TMP-SMX Linezolid Daptomycin Teicoplanin Minocyclin Levofloxacin Oritavaccin Cotrimoxazole | Pharmacology | null | [
"linezolid",
"vancomycin"
] | 156,807 |
04f9b58c-b706-4785-97a3-7264c485956c | Patient was given chloroquine and doxycycline for 7 days. Patient's fever decreased in 4 days, but, peripheral smear showed occasional gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. This type of drug resistance is ? | R1 type | R2 type | R3 type | R4 type | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., R2 type WHO classification of antimalarial drug resistance 1. S-sensitive --> If a sexual parasites have cleared by day 6 from the begining of treatment wihout subsequent recrudescence until day 28. 2. R1-Low grade resistance --> Recrudescence of infection between 7-28 days of completing treatment. 3. R2 High grade resistance --> Reduction of parasitemia by more than 75% at 48 hours of completing treatment but failure to clear the organism within 7 days. 4. R3-> Parasitemia does not fall by more than 75% within 48 hours of completing treatment and there is no subsequant clearance of asexual parasites. | Pharmacology | null | [
"chloroquine",
"doxycycline"
] | 156,825 |
1fcb9500-4a5e-475a-9163-179b5f7f39ff | You have initiated 'Magpie' regime for a patient with eclampsia. Later you notice that the respiratory rate is 6/minute and the tendon reflexes are not elicitable. What is the next appropriate step? | Inject naloxone at the rate of 0.01 mg/kg over 5 minutes | Inject calcium gluconate 10 ml over 10 minutes | Inject 0.4 mg Atropine IV | Inject 5 mEq/kg sodium bicarbonate IV over 10 minutes | 1b
| multi | This is a case of MgSO4 toxicity and so the antidote is IV Calcium gluconate. Respiratory rate <14/minute or absent tendon reflex or urine output of Ref: Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialities, Edition 8, Page - 49 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"naloxone",
"atropine"
] | 156,845 |
2df42e5d-f5f4-497e-860f-6815a0dd7e07 | Pegvisomant is used in ? | Dwarfism | Acromegaly | Cretinism | Protein energy malnutrition | 1b
| single | Ans. is `b' i.e., Acromegaly | Pharmacology | null | [
"pegvisomant"
] | 156,855 |
dfb3adf5-60c2-4846-95de-69d85aa53ac3 | Which of the following is true for tracheobronchial luminal neuroendocrine cells? | Contain serotonin | Contain catecholamines | Respond to decrease in pO2 | Have only cholinergic nerve supply | 0a
| multi | Ans. a. Contain serotonin (Ref: Ganong 24/e p638: Ganong 22/e p482-483)'Cells that manufacture amines in addition to polypeptide are sometimes called APUD cells (Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylase) or neuroendocrine cells and are found in lungs and other organs in addition to the GIT. They are the cells that form carcinoid tumors.'- Ganong 22/e p482-483Biologically Active Substances Metabolized by the LungsSynthesized and used in lungs:* SurfactantSynthesized or stored and released into the blood:* Prostaglandins* Histamine* KallikreinPartially removed from the blood:* Prostaglandins* Bradykinin* Adenine nucleotides* Serotonin* Noeepinephrine* AcetylcholineActivated in the lungs:* Angiotensin I to angiotensin II | Physiology | Functional Anatomy - Respiratory System | [
"luminal"
] | 156,861 |
c1a6b437-464b-4843-951d-f8cc0bd17cc6 | Best uterine relaxation is seen with - | Chloroform | Nitrous oxide | Ether | Halothane | 3d
| single | Ans. 'd' i.e., Halothane o Halogenated inhalational anaesthetic agents like halothane are powerful tocolytic agents. Halothane is anaesthetic of choice for internal version and manual removal of placenta. | Unknown | null | [
"halothane"
] | 156,866 |
0c48385c-30a1-44e2-b9a9-55d290f24479 | Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity aggravated by- | Amphototerian | Itraconazole | INH | Lovastatin | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Amphotericin B o All nephrotoxic drugs like aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, amphotericin B and NSAIDs enhance toxicity of cyclosporine. | Pharmacology | null | [
"cyclosporine",
"itraconazole",
"lovastatin"
] | 156,868 |
f24167a3-79af-4dab-b26b-267163a1de08 | Warm antibody hemolytic anemia is seen in all expect- | Methyl dopa | Penicillin | Quinidine | Stibophen | 3d
| multi | Warm antibody type hemolytic anaemia can be induced by drugs. A small poion of patients receiving methyl dopa develop AIHA .They are tolerance breaking drugs Penicillin antibiotics develop antibodies agaist RBC , drug complex which induces hemolysis. Quinidine forms a complex with plasma protein to which an antibody forms This complex may induce lysis of bystanding RBC or platelets. Stibophen is an antihelminthic drug which cannot induce AIHA. REFERENCE; HARSH MOHAN TEXTBOOK OF PATHOLOGY, 7TH EDITION.PG NO. 289. | Pathology | Haematology | [
"quinidine"
] | 156,878 |
f623b1da-dd1b-4e9f-a488-598b442259ae | Drug of choice for MRSA : | Vancomycin | Metronidazole | Imipenem | Clindamycin | 0a
| single | The current drug of choice for serious infections with MRSA remains vancomycin at most institutions' "Vancomycin in a dose of 15 mg/kg to a maximum of LGM, given twice a day, is the drug of choice for MRSA. Teicoplanin in a dose of 400 mg/day in a single dose is equally effective” | Pharmacology | null | [
"metronidazole",
"vancomycin",
"clindamycin"
] | 156,884 |
972e0715-e5f8-4bd1-a648-f0e1d598191b | Drug used for cigarette smoking cessation? | Varenicline | Bupropion | Mecamylamine | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Varenioline* It is a NR (Nicotine receptor) selective partial agonist and exerts rewarding action of nicotine through a4 b2 receptors.* This NN subtype nicotinic receptor partial agonist is under clinical trial for smoking cessation.Bupropion* This atypical antidepressants.* It inhibits DA and NA uptake.* It is metabolised to amphetamine like compound.* It is the only antidepressant which has excitatory action (all other have sedative action) can cause insomnia and can precipitate seizure.* It can be used in nicotine withdrawl for smoking cessation.Mecamylamine* It is nicotine ganglion blocker, blocks the reward effect of nicotine and abstinence.* Mecamylamine is used for smoking cessation. | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) | [
"bupropion"
] | 156,886 |
0c994c87-72c4-4ff1-a62a-8a76a53f2957 | Best drug among the following for treating hypeension in a diabetic patient: | Losaan | Propranolol | Thiazides | All of the above | 0a
| multi | Losaan is angiotensin II receptor antagonist. They are the preferred drugs for hypeension in diabetic patients as they prevent diabetic nephropathy- microalbuminuria It is available as 50 mg tablet (REF. Essentials of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 8th Edition) | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"propranolol"
] | 156,890 |
4b408967-2382-4157-83ad-ccb96072170e | A 32-year-old second gravida who had an LSCS in her first pregnancy is admitted in labor. The fetus is in the cephalic presentation. The head is engaged. This estimated fetal weight is 3 kg. Uterine contractions are 2 per 10 minutes. The fetal heart rate is 140 bpm. The cervical dilation is 5 cm. The vertex is felt 1 cm above the ischial spines. The posterior fontanelle is felt. Pelvis is adequate. The membranes are intact. What is the best management option? | Do an amniotomy and allow labor to progress | Do an amniotomy and commence an infusion of oxytocin | Perform a cesarean section | Perform a ventous delivery in the second stage | 0a
| multi | Ans. is a, i.e. Do an amniotomy and allow progress of laborIn this case, all findings are suitable to allow VBAC. This patient is 5 cm dilated. Contractions are 2 in 10 minutes i.e. inadequate. Adequate contractions are 3 in 10 minutes. Hence logically augmentation of labor should be done. In previous LSCS patients augmentation should be done by doing ARM i.e. amniotomy and oxytocin should best be avoided. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Operative Obs | [
"oxytocin"
] | 156,891 |
299e277c-6440-4cd7-bcd1-e30e307a78ae | Drug of choice of trachoma is – | Penicillin | Sulfonamide | Tetracycline | Chloramphenicol | 2c
| single | Tetracycline or azithromycin are the drugs of choice for trachoma.
Other drugs used are erythromycin, clarithromycin, rifampicin and sulfonamide. | Ophthalmology | null | [
"tetracycline",
"chloramphenicol"
] | 156,902 |
3bae21e1-b9d3-49e3-9eef-a757ffd36cd9 | A drug 'X' primarily reduces the static component of urinary obstruction in benign hypertrophy of prostate and takes more than 3 months to exert its beneficial effect. Which of the following is 'X' ? | Tamsulosin | Terazosin | Finasteride | Amphetamine | 2c
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"terazosin",
"tamsulosin"
] | 156,913 |
f62a501a-e742-421f-9319-a257076d89b0 | Lamivudine acts at which of the following enzymes? | DNA polymerase | Reverse transcriptase | Both of the above | None of the above | 2c
| multi | Lamivudine inhibits HBV DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with deoxycytidine triphosphate for incorporation into the viral DNA, resulting in chain termination. Lamivudine achieves 3-4 log decreases in viral replication in most patients and suppression of HBV DNA to undetectable levels in about 44% of patients. Ref: Katzung 11th edition Chapter 49. | Pharmacology | null | [
"lamivudine"
] | 156,921 |
0fbf7669-551a-42da-95dd-caef2ad56ec4 | The preferred antidote for paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning is - | Activated charcoal | N-acetyl cysteine | Adrenaline | Magnesium hydroxide gel | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., N-acetyl cysteine N-acetyl cysteine is used as an antidote in paracetamol poisoning (acetominaphan). | Pharmacology | null | [
"paracetamol"
] | 156,929 |
e749fe6a-4bd5-4d37-8ece-a66bb0489fb1 | Which of the following is not a centrally acting antihypeensive drugs | Methyldopa | Minoxidine | Minoxidil | Clonidine | 2c
| multi | Refer kDT 7/e p 565 Antihypeensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypeension (high blood pressure). Antihypeensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic hea disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, hea failure, and moality from cardiovascular disease.There are many classes of antihypeensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most impoant and most widely used medications are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers. | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"methyldopa",
"clonidine"
] | 156,931 |
791b2b59-a975-4936-b39a-08cc8ea39ce8 | Which of the following anticancer drugs is not derived from plants? | Irinotecan | Doxorubicin | Paclitaxel | Etoposide | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Doxorubicino Antitumor antibiotics includes anthracvcline antibiotics (doxorubicin also known as adriamycin, daunorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin), mitoxantrone, bleomycin, dactinomycin and mitomyin. All antitumor antibiotics are obtained from Streptomyces.DrugSourceCamptothecins (Irinotecan and Topotecan)Camptotheca acuminate treePaclitaxelBark of Western yew treeEtoposidePodophyllotoxin, a plant glycosideAnitumor antibioticsStreptomyces | Pharmacology | Anti-Neoplastic Agents | [
"etoposide",
"paclitaxel",
"doxorubicin"
] | 156,943 |
6e5f7d29-7193-4fcb-b145-9ab9f453760e | The anaesthetic agent that causes maximum increase in intracranial pressure is | Isoflurane | Halothane | Enflurane | Desflurane | 1b
| single | By dilating cerebral vessels, halothane lowers cerebral vascular resistance and increases cerebral blood volume and CBF. Autoregulation, the maintenance of constant CBF during changes in aerial blood pressure, is blunted. Concomitant rises in intracranial pressure can be prevented by establishing hyperventilation before the administration of halothane. Cerebral activity is decreased, leading to electroencephalographic slowing and modest reductions in metabolic oxygen requirements. Ref: Miller's anesthesia 8th edition Ref: Morgan & Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology 6e | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | [
"desflurane",
"enflurane",
"isoflurane",
"halothane"
] | 156,947 |
ab8d8598-273e-4185-b1eb-31a2203f1532 | Short term BP regulation exerted through kidney by - | ADH | AMP | Epinephrine | Aldosterone | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., ADH Regulation of blood pressureo Blood pressure is regulated by following mechanisms.Short term regulationLong term regulationShort term regulationThese mechanisms act immediately and correct the blood pressure quickly.These areBaroreceptor reflex: Works during BP range 79-150 mmHg.Chemoreceptor reflex: Works when BP below 80 mmHg. CMS ischemic response: This the only hope of survival when BP is below 40 mmHg.Hormonal release : These are -Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) : Increases water reabsorption in kidney.Angiotensin II: Causes vasoconstriction.Longterm regulationThis is the mechanism which takes long time for regulation.This mechanism is present in kidneys.This mechanism adjusts the BP by adjusting valume of extracellular fluid and blood.These mechanism are -Pressure diuresis.Pressure natreuresis. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.Important facto Angiotensin II is involved in short term regulation,o But, full RAA system is involved in long term regulation. | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids | [
"epinephrine"
] | 156,952 |
745bb9b1-066c-49aa-ae31-b2824c91f75e | Which of the following drug is active selectively against Anaerobic and Microaerophilic organisms ? | Clindamycin | Tetracycline | Metronidazole | Aminoglycosides | 2c
| single | Metronidazole undergoes reduction reaction by receiving single electron from Microaerophilic and Anaerobes pathogens which conves into a highly reactive Nitroradical Anion and damages the pathogen DNA . Metronidazole manifests antibacterial activity against all Anaerobic cocci; Anaerobic gram-negative bacilli(incl.Bacteroides sp.); Anaerobic spore-forming gram-positive bacilli (such as Clostridium); and Microaerophilic bacteria such as Helicobacter and Campylobacter sp. So Metronidazole is less active against Aerobic organisms because of the lack of Radical-mediated mechanism. Nonsporulating gram-positive bacilli often are resistant, as they are aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. | Pharmacology | Protein Synthesis Inhibitors | [
"metronidazole",
"tetracycline",
"clindamycin"
] | 156,982 |
172add87-7d88-4617-9794-d6085792e9db | Drug of choice for cardiogenic shock - | Dopamine | Propranolol | Digitalis | Milrinone | 0a
| multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dopamine o Drugs used in cardiogenic shock are ---> Dobutamine, Dopexamine or dopamine. "Dobutamine is preferred as it tends to vasodilate" - Dobutamine is not given in options, so best answer is dopamine. | Pharmacology | null | [
"propranolol"
] | 156,988 |
f6fd5075-bb94-4ac6-aa3c-63bfdb180b28 | Drug of choice for carriers of typhoid is | Ampicillin | Chloramphenicol | Co-trimoxazole | Clindamycin | 0a
| single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | [
"chloramphenicol",
"ampicillin",
"clindamycin"
] | 156,998 |
50a70dc3-27df-438b-923a-313a19763930 | Roopa Devi, a 65-year-old female with ovarian cancer is being treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. All of the following are used to limit the toxicity of cisplatin except: | N-acetylcysteine | Slow rate of infusion | Chloride diuresis | Amifostine | 0a
| multi | N-acetylcysteine is used for paracetamol poisoning. Slow intravenous infusion and chloride diuresis along with amifostine can limit cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. | Pharmacology | Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs | [
"cisplatin"
] | 157,020 |
37639595-4a39-42c3-995f-90ffc8be1d21 | Misoprostol has been found to be effective in all of the following except: | Missed aboion. | Induction of labour. | Menorrhagia. | Prevention of post-paum hemorrhage (PPH). | 2c
| multi | Misoprostal : Is used for induction of aboion in the early pregnancy for medically induced aboions in doses ranging from 400 to 800 mcgs, then also in the second trimester where aboion with prostaglandins is the mode of choice in doses from 200 to 400 mcgs. Also, misoprostol is an efficient way to induce labour even with doses ranging from 25 to 50 mcgs. In cases of PPH, misoprostol given orally or rectally is an excellent mode of reducing bleeding might as well be used as the most effective drug for PPH. Misoprostol will act when there are prostaglandin receptors and these are more in number when there is a pregnancy in the uterus. In menorrhagia this is not an effective drug and the vasodilator action may in fact worsen the bleeding. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception | [
"misoprostol"
] | 157,023 |
8a0f4bcc-304e-45d7-9210-c026f26f2243 | True statement about fexofenadine is: | It undergoes high first pass metabolism in liver | Terfenadine is an active metabolite of this drug | It does not block cardiac K+ channels | It has high affinity for central H1 receptors | 2c
| multi | Fexofenadine is an active metabolite of terfenadine. It lacks K+ channel blocking propey, therefore is devoid of arrhythmogenic potential. It is available as a separate second generation H1 blocking agent. | Pharmacology | Histamine, 5-HT and PGs | [
"fexofenadine"
] | 157,034 |
7a1aa239-df16-4763-92d9-44c26d81310c | A 70-year-old man was administered penicillin intravenously. Within 5 minutes, he developed generalized uicaria, swelling of lips, hypotension and bronchospasm. The first choice of treatment is to administer - | Chlorpheniramine injection | Epinephrine injection | High dose hydrocoisone tablet | Nebulized salbutamol | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Epinephrine injection Generalized uicaria, swelling of lips, hypotension and bronchospasm within 5 minutes of taking penicillin suggest the diagnosis of anaphylactic type of hypersensitivity. Epienephrine (S.C./i.m.) is DOC for anaphylactic shock. | Pharmacology | null | [
"epinephrine",
"chlorpheniramine",
"salbutamol"
] | 157,053 |
32b01b95-4423-4743-a79d-9a75f966cfd7 | A 28 year old woman was admitted electively to a HDU following C- section. A diagnosis of 'fatty liver of pregnancy' had been made preoperatively. She was commenced on a continuous morphine infusion at 5 mg/hr and received oxygen by mask. This was continued overnight and she was noted to be quite drowsy the next day. Aerial blood gases were- pH 7.16, pCO2- 61.9 mmHg, pO2- 115 mmHg and HCO3- 21.2 mmol/l? | Respiratory acidosis +Metabolic acidosis | Respiratory alkalosis + Metabolic alkalosis | Respiratory acidosis + Metabolic alkalosis | Respiratory alkalosis + Metabolic acidosis | 0a
| single | Acidotic pH, Elevated CO2 , Low HCO3 Respiratory acidosis + Metabolic acidosis | Medicine | ABG Analysis Simplified | [
"morphine"
] | 157,061 |
91369519-08b1-4e8e-8138-5a78511cb886 | Which treatment would be least effective for asystole? | External pacemaker | Intravenous epinephrine, 10 ml. of 1:10,000. | Intravenous calcium gluconate, 10 ml. of 10% solution | Intravenous atropine, 0.5 mg. | 2c
| single | Recommended treatment for asystole is administration of atropine. If atropine is unsuccessful epinephrine is given. Ultimately cardiac pacing is necessary if atropine and epinephrine do not establish an adequate heart rate. Calcium has no clear role in treating asystole. | Unknown | null | [
"epinephrine",
"atropine"
] | 157,074 |
0816bb01-ed18-46ed-b702-3c162b81c041 | cimetidine inhibits the metabolism of all the following drugs except: | phenytoin | warfarin | ketoconazole | diazepam | 2c
| multi | cimetidine is a potent inhibitor of.microsomal enzymes.it prolongs the half life of warfarin, theophyllin ,phenytoin,oral hypoglycemic agents ,alcohol and benzidiazepines.(ref KDT 6/e p630) | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract | [
"cimetidine",
"diazepam",
"ketoconazole",
"phenytoin",
"warfarin"
] | 157,079 |
fff5be39-1af0-41a2-9348-e5ad7b8abdd6 | Acute Gouty ahritis is seen early following treatment with: | Rasburicase | Probenecid | Allopurinol | Sulfinpyrazone | 2c
| multi | Allopurinol | Pharmacology | null | [
"rasburicase",
"allopurinol",
"probenecid"
] | 157,087 |
511473ed-cfc4-41da-bc4d-fe5955255a6d | The most common chemotherapeutic agent used in the patients with typical B cell CLL is: | Fludarabine | Rituximab | Cyclophosphamide | Prednisolone | 0a
| single | Typical B cell CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma treatment: The most common treatments for patients with typical B cell CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma have been chlorambucil or fludarabine. Chlorambucil can be administered orally while fludarabine is administered IV Fludarabine is the more active agent and is the only drug associated with a significant incidence of complete remission. For young patients regimens containing fludarabine are the treatment of choice. Bendamustine also used as the primary agent in treatment. Ref: Harrison, E-18,P-926 | Medicine | null | [
"fludarabine",
"cyclophosphamide",
"prednisolone",
"rituximab"
] | 157,090 |
f24caa31-1f46-439a-9030-99207dc5eb32 | All of the following agents are used in glaucoma treatment, except - | Apraclonidine | Timolol | Pilocarpine | Metoprolol | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Metoprolol o Metoprolol is a beta blocker with local anaesthetic activity. Such beta blockers are not indicated in glaucoma. o Apraclonidine (alpha 2 agonist), timolol (beta blocker without local anaesthetic activity) and pilocarpine (directly acting miotic) are used in glaucoma. | Pharmacology | null | [
"pilocarpine",
"metoprolol",
"apraclonidine",
"timolol"
] | 157,100 |
057c672e-6379-4732-9f8b-98b080f1382d | Anemia in chronic renal failure (CRF) is due to -a) Decreased erythropoietin productionb) Iron deficiencyc) Hypoplastic bone marrowd) Decreased Vit-B12,e) Decreased folate levels | abc | bcd | cde | abe | 3d
| single | null | Medicine | null | [
"erythropoietin"
] | 157,149 |
0aabfbee-072b-4e81-a9ce-e34dc4b5f0fc | True regarding glylcogenolysis is /are NE | PP1 is a dephosphorylating enzyme | Vasopressin increases it | Oxytocin decreases it | Ca" is a synchronizer and allosteric activator | 2c
| multi | Oxytocin decreases it | Biochemistry | null | [
"vasopressin",
"oxytocin"
] | 157,164 |
aac05bad-6ce1-4e2c-8fee-f47a811b8062 | All of the following are true about ester linked local anesthetics except | All ester linked local anesthetics are metabolized by Pseudocholinesterase except Cocaine | Ester LA's more commonly cause allergic reactions than Amide LA's | Cocaine is the shortest acting ester LA | Procaine is the drug of choice in Malignant hyperthermia | 2c
| multi | Chlorprocaine is the shortest acting ester linked local anesthetic. | Pharmacology | null | [
"procaine"
] | 157,166 |
54e8520e-e4d9-42bb-8561-498f2e1a7199 | Agents used for sclerotherapy in varicose veins are all except | Ethanolamine oleate | Sodium tetradecyl sulphate | Polidocanal | Mannitol | 3d
| multi | Mannitol is not a sclerosing agent. | Surgery | null | [
"mannitol"
] | 157,176 |
5cf3d507-0ac7-46d2-8fef-847bf329de26 | Most accurate measurement of extracellular fluid volume (ECF) can be done by using | Sucrose | Mannitol | Inulin | Aminopyrine | 2c
| single | Ans. (c) Inulin(Ref: Guyton, 13th ed/p.309)Inulin - Gold standard substance for ECF measurementOther indicators used in ECF measurement are,#Sucrose#Mannitol#Sodium Thiosulphate | Physiology | General | [
"mannitol"
] | 157,181 |
f6633e1e-35f3-4c93-881d-142ba9f7b282 | Baclofen is used in the treatment of : | Schizophrenia | Depression | Anxiety | Spasticity | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"baclofen"
] | 157,188 |
6c6f8d46-ded7-4238-9e4c-580f2303397d | Which of the following aminoglycoside is cochleotoxic: | Kanamycin | Streptomycin | Gentamycin | Minocycline | 0a
| single | Ref: Goodman & Gillman 13th ed. P 1044-45* All aminoglycosides have the potential to produce reversible and irreversible vestibular, cochlear, renal toxicity and neuromuscular blockade.* Aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity may result in irreversible, bilateral, high-frequency hearing loss or vestibular hypofunction.* A high-pitched tinnitus often is the first symptom of cochlear toxicity.* Drugs like amikacin, neomycin and kanamycin are specifically cochleotoxic > vestibulotoxic.* Gentamicin, streptomycin is vestiblar > cochleotoxic* Tobramycin: Cochlear = Vestibular toxicity both. | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | [
"minocycline"
] | 157,189 |
6b3f7bcc-1b53-45b1-aae3-3a4375870d07 | Antibiotic that can be used as antiplaque agent is/are: | Penicillin. | Vancomycin. | Kanamycin. | All of the above. | 3d
| multi | Penicillin, vanomycin, kanamycin have been used as antiplaue agents but their use has been considerably reduced due to bacterial resistance and hypersensitivity reactions. | Dental | null | [
"vancomycin"
] | 157,196 |
e9bbe870-b268-43a2-86c4-dc40902dab40 | Drugs which cause ototoxicity and circumoral paraesthesia are: | Antileprotic drugs | Antitubercular drugs | Streptomycin | Chloramphenicol | 2c
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"chloramphenicol"
] | 157,201 |
f6f2e9a4-f5fb-4298-ae9b-4cf5753b6367 | Which anaesthetic belongs to ester group? | Procaine | Times New Roman | Lignocaine | Propofol | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Procaine Esters (aminoesters) :- Procaine, chlorprocaine, tetracaine (amethocaine), Benzocaine, Cocaine. Amides (aminoamides) Lignocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Bupivacaine, Etidocaine, Ropivacaine , Dibucaine. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"procaine",
"propofol"
] | 157,203 |
7a1935cf-3cb0-49cf-8fb0-1804e40961dc | The drug antabuse acts by- | Decreasing ethanol absorption | Enhancing urinary excretion of ethanol | Increasing pulmonary excretion of ethanol | Blocking metabolism of ethanol | 3d
| single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Blocking metabolism of ethanol o Antabuse (disulfiram) inhibits the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. o By inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase antabuse (disulfiram) inhibits the metabolism (oxidation) of alcohol. o Disulfiram is used in psychologically dependent but not in physically dependent alcoholics. | Pharmacology | null | [
"antabuse"
] | 157,204 |
68a36968-b255-432e-8eeb-9e49b4ee5229 | Young male with Pneumonia admitted for 5 days, develops gripping abdominal pain and loose stools. Drug(s) which might be beneficial is? | Cap Imodium 4-8 mg/day | Tab Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD | Oral Metronidazole | Cap. Diphenoxylate | 1b
| single | Tab Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD REF: Harrison 17th ed table 141-3 This is a case of legionella pneumonea; clue is loose stools with pneumonia Antimicrobial Agent Dosage Macrolides Azithromycin 500 mg PO or IV q24h Clarithromycin 500 mg PO or IV ql2h Antimicrobial Agent Dosage Quinolones Levofloxacin 750 mg IV q24h 500 mg PO q24h Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q8h 750 mg PO ql2h Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO q24h Ketolide Telithromycin 800 mg PO q24h Tetracyclines Doxycycline 100 mg PO or IV ql2h Minocycline 100 mg PO or IV q12h Tetracycline 500 mg PO or IV q6h Tigecycline 100 mg IV load, then 50 mg IV q12h Others Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg IV q8h 160/800 mg PO ql2h Rifampin 100-600 mg PO or IV ql2h | Surgery | null | [
"metronidazole",
"imodium",
"ciprofloxacin"
] | 157,213 |
39f9ae06-9266-4ad8-b1e3-fb6e5e00245f | The first drug of choice for Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH): | PGF-2 | Methergine | Oxytocin | Misoprostol | 2c
| single | Ans- C Ref- Recommendations for PPH treatment The use of uterotonics (oxytocin alone as the first choice) plays a central role in the treatment of PPH (see Boxes 4and 5). Uterine massage is recommended for the treatment of PPH as soon as it is diagnosed (see Box 6) and the initial fluid resuscitation with isotonic crystalloids is recommended. The use of tranexamic acid is advised in cases of refractory atonic bleeding or persistent trauma-related bleeding (see Box 5). The use of intrauterine balloon tamponade is recommended for refractory bleeding or if uterotonics are unavailable. Bimanual uterine compression, external aortic compression, and the use of non-pneumatic anti-shock garments are recommended as temporizing measures until substantive care is available. If there is persistent bleeding and the relevant resources are available, uterine artery embolization should be considered. If bleeding persists despite treatment with uterotonic drugs and other conservative interventions, surgical intervention should be used without further delay. Box 4 Recommendations for the treatment of PPH - uterotonics. Intravenous oxytocin is the recommended uterotonic drug for the treatment of PPH. (Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence) If intravenous oxytocin is unavailable, or if the bleeding does (more...) Box 5 Recommendations for the treatment of PPH - fluid resuscitation and tranexamic acid. The use of isotonic crystalloids is recommended in preference to the use of colloids for the intravenous fluid resuscitation of women with PPH. (Strong recommendation, (more...) Box 6 Recommendations for the treatment of PPH - manoeuvres and other procedures. Uterine massage is recommended for the treatment of PPH. (Strong recommendation, very-low-quality evidence) If women do not respond to treatment using uterotonics, or if uterotonics (more...) If the third stage of labour lasts more than 30 minutes, CCT and IV/IM oxytocin (10 IU) should be used to manage the retained placenta. If the placenta is retained and bleeding occurs, the manual removal of the placenta should be expedited. Whenever the manual removal of the placenta is undertaken, a single dose of prophylactic antibiotics is recommended (see Box 7). Box 7 Recommendations for the treatment of retained placenta. If the placenta is not expelled spontaneously, the use of additional oxytocin (10 IU, IV/IM) in combination with controlled cord traction is recommended. (Weak recommendation, very-low-quality evidence) (more...) The GDG also issued recommendations related to the organization of PPH care (see Box 8). Health facilities delivering maternity services should adopt formal protocols for the prevention and treatment of PPH and for patient referral. The use of PPH treatment simulations for pre-service and in-service training programmes was recommended. Finally, the GDG recommended that the use of uterotonics for the prevention of PPH should be monitored and a specific indicator was suggested. Box 8 Health Systems and Organization of Care recommendations for the prevention and treatment of PPH. The use of formal protocols by health facilities for the prevention and treatment of PPH is recommended. (Weak recommendation, moderate-quality evidence) (more...) The GDG found insufficient evidence to recommend one route over another for the prevention of PPH with oxytocin, the use of recombinant factor VIIa for the treatment of PPH, intraumbilical vein injection of oxytocin for treatment of retained placenta, and the antenatal distribution of misoprostol. The GDG also found insufficient evidence to recommend self-administration for the prevention of PPH and the measurement of blood loss over clinical estimation (see Box 9). Box 9 Statements related to topics for which there is insufficient evidence to issue a recommendation. There is insufficient evidence to recommend one oxytocin route over another for the prevention of PPH. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use (more...) Copyright (c) 2012, World Health Organization. All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: tni.ohw). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site ( | Unknown | null | [
"oxytocin",
"misoprostol"
] | 157,221 |
95d4083b-b6a8-4a29-9c41-5bfe3afeb598 | shortest acting mydriatic | Atropine | Tropicamide | Homatropine | Cyclopentolate | 1b
| single | Ans. (b) Tropicamide | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | [
"atropine",
"tropicamide"
] | 157,224 |
226c61e7-c883-4cb8-8e54-d53f3d6e4f16 | Which of the following antibiotic acts by inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane function? | Penicillin | Polymycin | Streptomycin | Novobiocin | 1b
| single | Polymyxin bacitracin acts by inhibiting cell membrane or plasma membrane Not cell wall Penicillin -cell wall,streptomycin-protein synthesis inhibition Ref: CP Baveja 4th ed Pg:625 | Microbiology | general microbiology | [
"novobiocin"
] | 157,231 |
6f37967d-6119-4f78-8e58-6c0efc2e810c | Skeletal muscle relaxant of choice in liver and renal disease is? | Mivacurium | Atracurium | Gallium | Vecuronium | 1b
| multi | ANSWER: (B) AtracuriumREF: Lee synopsis of anesthesia 12th e p. 215Repeat in December 2011Muscle relaxantRoute of eliminationPancuronium , Vecuronium , RapacuroniumLiverVecuronium , RocuroniumBiliarySch , MivacuriumPseudocholinesteraseGallamine , MetocurineRenalAtracurium, cis-atracuriumHoffman's elimination Obtain AMPLE' history and examine patinet |PrepareEquipment. Personnelmedications|Monitor and preoxygenateECG and oulse oximeter|Premedicate* Gve atropine- Indicateo to' all children <5 years of age- Indicated for all patients wen suociny choline is used* If succinycholine to be used; consider defasciculation (0.01 mg/kg of Vecuronium or Pancuromjmj* Give ildocaine for head injury or increased ICP|Secsle (choose ore option eased onccnd tion of patent)|||||Nomotensive* Midazolam or* E:oir cate or* Thiopental or* PropofolHypotensive/hypovolemicHead injury or status epilepticusStatus asthmaticus* Ketamine or* MidazolamMidSevereNormotensiveHypotensive* Etonidale or* Etorrcateor* T-opentalor* Etomdate or* Ketamine or* Ketam-e cr* Propofol cr* Lew-dose thiopental* Midazolam* None* Tetomidate |||||| | Apply criood pressure when patient is unconscious|Paralyze .(choose one)* Rocurcnium* Vecuronium* Suoclnylcholine|* intubate Irachea* Evaluate and confirm tube placement (eg. exhaled CO2)* Secure tracheal tube* Observe and monitor* Administer additonal sedaton and paralytics PRN 'AMPLE r stony allergy medications, past history, last meal and events leading to need for intubation. | Anaesthesia | Non-depolarising Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | [
"gallium",
"atracurium",
"mivacurium",
"vecuronium"
] | 157,232 |
be63c331-dcd4-4589-abab-c519cfcbc6fb | The drug NOT used in acute asthma is ? | Salbutamol | Ipratropium | Monteleukast | Hydrocoisone | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Monteleukast Monteleukast and zafirleukast are indicated for prophylactic therapy of mild to moderate asthma as an alternative to inhaled coicosteroids. However they are not used to terminate acute attack of asthma. | Pharmacology | null | [
"ipratropium",
"salbutamol"
] | 157,234 |
ab674b0f-29f2-4346-98b2-ff201fbc3701 | Which one of the following drugs cause hypomagnesemia by increased excretion | Frusemide therapy | Cisplatin | Digitalis | Aminoglycosides | 0a
| single | Frusemide therapy "Loop diuretics cause the abolition of transepithelial potential difference that results in marked increase in excretion of Cc?'" and Me". Loop and thiazide diuretics cause significant urinary loss of magnesium. - Magnesium deficiency brought about by diuretics is rarely severe enough to induce the classic picture of neuromuscular irritability. | Pharmacology | null | [
"cisplatin"
] | 157,246 |
fa1201e3-2eae-4b22-87cc-ff7bb4bc7348 | All of the following drugs are protease inhibitors, EXCEPT: | Nelfinavir | Saquinavir | Abacavir | Ritonavir | 2c
| multi | Abacavir is nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and not a protease inhibitor. Nelfinovir, Titonavir and Saquinavir are all protease inhibitor. Ref: Antiretroviral Therapy By Erik De Clercq, 2001, Page 147 ; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Pages 1124, 1126. | Pharmacology | null | [
"nelfinavir",
"ritonavir",
"saquinavir"
] | 157,249 |
9b503c95-4591-4f06-869b-83acbb06387e | In human being, the least useful physiological response to low environmental temperature is: | Shivering | Vasoconstriction | Release of thyroxine | Piloerection | 3d
| single | D i.e. Piloerection | Physiology | null | [
"thyroxine"
] | 157,281 |
d2187cc7-5c81-458f-82a9-366fa96782b3 | Which of the following is false regarding acetyl CoA carboxylase | It is the rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis | It is a component of fatty acid synthase complex | It is activated by citrate | It requires Biotin | 1b
| multi | Acetyl CoA carboxylase is not a component of fatty acid synthase complex.
Fatty acid synthase complex has 6 enzymes
Keto acyl synthase
Acetyl malonyl transacylase
Hydratase
Enoyl reductase
Keto acyl reductase
Thioesterase. | Biochemistry | null | [
"biotin"
] | 157,290 |
93f56e72-1d84-4d68-9cb2-bcffb5ff42c1 | A hypeensive patient on medication with beta blocker develops severe bradycardia on taking medicines. Which of the following is least likely to be the responsible agent? | Metoprolol | Nadolol | Pindolol | Atenolol | 2c
| single | Pindolol has intrinsic sympathomimetic acitivity and therefore has lesser risk of causing bradycardia Beta-Blockers with Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity (ISA) Preferred in the patients prone to develop severe bradycardia with b blocker therapy. However, these drugs are less useful in angina (because of stimulation of hea by b1 receptors). The drugs can be remembered as * COntain - Celiprolol, Oxprenolol * Paial - Pindolol, Penbutolol * Agonistic - Alprenolol * Activity -Acebutolol | Pharmacology | Sympathetic System | [
"atenolol",
"nadolol",
"metoprolol",
"pindolol"
] | 157,295 |
4027fa36-58a0-4c7b-b7ab-05696da47785 | All are true regarding snake bite except ? | Neostigmine, ventillatory suppo should be given to patients along with ASV. | ASV is the main stay of treatment. | Humped pit viper snake is excluded from polyvalent ASV | Neostigmine and Atropine may be given for Krait bite. | 3d
| multi | Indian Polyvalent anti-snake venom is effective in Cobra Krait Russel viper Saw scaled viper Atrophine do not play a much role in reversal of respiratory paralysis in krait snake. So neostigmine along with ASV is given. | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 2 | [
"atropine",
"neostigmine"
] | 157,306 |
a7a2cda9-5775-4f08-a81b-7dcce0e33dd1 | which is an organophosphate: AFMC 12 | Diazinon | Endrin | Malathion | Parathion | 1b
| single | Ans. Endrin | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"malathion"
] | 157,307 |
6b758352-bd57-48af-84c9-fbfb22d0a02a | Which of the following antiarrhythmic agent does not belong to class 1C | Tocainide | Encainide | Flecainide | Propafenone | 0a
| multi | Refer kK sharma 306, Goodman and Gilman 10e 962 Although the name is similar to the class 1C agents(like flecainide, encainide) ,tocainide belongs to class 1B The clinical use of class IC antiarrhythmic drugs. Abi Samra F. Flecainide, encainide, and propafenone belong to class IC antiarrhythmic drugs. They are new and potent drugs which markedly depress Phase 0 of the action potential without affecting repolarization | Anatomy | General anatomy | [
"flecainide"
] | 157,317 |
614f318c-c0c2-4a53-85e0-dc4a96f02463 | One has to be careful about hypoglycaemia when patient gives history of taking this drug: | Chlorpropamide (Daonil) | Furosemide (Lasix) | Corticosteroids (Wysolone) | Theophylline (Deriphylline) | 0a
| single | Chlorpropamide: It is a long-acting sulfonylurea oral hypoglycaemic, found to reduce urine volume in DI of pituitary origin, but not in renal DI. It sensitizes the kidney to ADH action.
DI = Diabetes Insipidus.
Due to its long duration of action, one has to be careful about hypoglycaemia, when patient gives history of taking this drug.
Reference: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology Eighth Edition KD TRIPATHI page no 644 | Pharmacology | null | [
"theophylline",
"furosemide",
"chlorpropamide",
"lasix"
] | 157,318 |
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