id
stringlengths 36
36
| question
stringlengths 7
1.22k
| opa
stringlengths 1
175
| opb
stringlengths 1
247
| opc
stringlengths 1
240
| opd
stringlengths 1
195
| cop
class label 4
classes | choice_type
stringclasses 2
values | exp
stringlengths 1
15k
⌀ | subject_name
stringclasses 21
values | topic_name
stringclasses 840
values | found_keywords
sequencelengths 1
10
| local_id
int64 4
183k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a162ef99-0a91-49f2-ab20-88046f17d511 | Drugs that can be used to treat infections caused by Bacteroides fragilis are all EXCEPT : | Metronidazole | Trovafloxacin | Vancomycin | Amikacin | 3d
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"amikacin",
"metronidazole",
"vancomycin"
] | 152,619 |
ef311c80-d3a4-41da-848a-92ddc8305115 | A teenager girl with moderate acne is also complaining of irregular menses. Drug of choice will be: | Oral isotretinon | Oral acitretin | Oral minocycline | Cyproterone acetate | 3d
| single | D i.e. Cyproterone acetateCyproterone acetate is a progestin and a weak anti androgen by viue of binding to the androgen receptor (i.e. progestational antiandrogen that blocks androgen receptor). Because of antiandrogen action, it is efective in conditions like acne seborrhoea, hirsutism, female pattern hair loss (androgenetic hair loss in females), hidreadinitis suppurativaQ -i.e. conditions caused or aggravated by androgenic hormones.- Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is effective in treatment of acne as it reduces sebum production (dose dependent) & comedogenesis. In premenopausal women it is usually combined with ethinyloestradiol (Dianette & estelle 35) or other oral contraceptive agents to regulate menstrual cycle irregularitiesQ (caused by high dose cyproterone) and prevent pregnancy (d/t concerns of feminising effects of cyproterone on male fetus). Whereas, in postmenopausal women, it is not necessary to combine ethinyl oestradiol (EOD) with CPA.Reverse sequential regimen (CPA 100 mg / day on days 5 to 15, and EOD 30-50 mg /day on cycle days 5to 26) regulates menstrual bleeding, provides excellent contraception and is effective in treatment of even severe hirsutism and acneQ. Acne usually improves 40-50% by 3rd and 80-90% by 9th cycle. | Skin | null | [
"acitretin",
"minocycline",
"cyproterone"
] | 152,625 |
4c243764-4a90-48f3-b615-1260c5c3052c | Which of the following is not true regarding Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma? | Seen in infants and children | Presents as grape like clusters called as sarcoma botryoides | Tumor cells have tennis racket appearance | Has association with exposure to Diethylstilbestrol in uterus | 3d
| multi | DES exposure in utera has association with clear cell adenocarcinoma of cervix and vagina. | Pathology | null | [
"diethylstilbestrol"
] | 152,630 |
e3334180-0752-4654-b28a-48f97da42898 | Modafinil is approved by FDA for treatment of all, except: | Narcolepsy | Shift work syndrome (SWS) | Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) | Lethargy in depression | 3d
| multi | Modafinil is an FDA approved drug in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, shift work disorder and narcolepsy. It is not FDA approved in the treatment of lethargy in major depression. Ref: Sleepiness: Causes, Consequences and Treatment By Michael J. Thorpy, Pages 415-6 | Psychiatry | null | [
"modafinil"
] | 152,662 |
f925015c-a755-4256-948e-d2b8be3324c3 | For CA breast best chemotherapeutic regimen ? | Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil | Methotrexate, cisplatin | Cispltain, Adriamycin, steroid | Methotrexate, Adriamycin, steroid | 0a
| single | Ans is 'a' ie Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate & 5-FU Previously CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate & 5-fluorouracil) was the chemotherapeutic regimen of choice. "CMF is no longer considered adequate adjuvant chemotherapy and modern regimens include an anthracycline doxorubicin or epirubicin) and the newer agents such as the taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel)" Anti-HER-2/neu antibody therapy (Traztuzumab) HER-2/neu expression for all newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer is now recommended. Trastuzumab is added to the chemotherapy for tumors overexpressing HER-2/neu receptors. (Trastuzumab is added along with taxanes) About Adjuvant Therapy Adjuvant therapy is the use of systemic therapy (chemotherapy or/and hormone therapy) in patients who have received local therapy but are at risk of relapse. The objective is to eliminate the occult metastasis responsible for late recurrences while they are microscopic and theoretically most vulnerable to anticancer agents. Adjuvant chemotherapy is given to all node-positive cancers node negative cancers if > 1 cm in size node negative cancer > .5 cm in size with adverse prognostic factors such as blood vessel or lymph vessel invasion - high nuclear grade - high histological grade - HER 2/neu overexpression - negative hormone receptor status Adjuvant hormone therapy (tamoxifen) is added to all those with estrogen receptor positive. The use of chemotherapy in post-menopausal women is controversial. - In post menopausal women, chemotherapy is frequently used upto age 70 yrs, if she can tolerate it. - In older women, chemotherapy is performed less frequently. - In estrogen positive tumors, in postmenopausal women, antiestrogen (tamoxifen/ aromatase inhibitors) therapy is the preferred form of adjuvant systemic treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - it involves the administration of adjuvant therapy before primary therapy (surgery & radiation therapy) - it has shown to down-stage the tumor. | Surgery | null | [
"methotrexate",
"adriamycin",
"fluorouracil",
"cyclophosphamide",
"cisplatin"
] | 152,665 |
277e03ac-393c-445d-b8d3-27aaf9c44362 | A 42-year-old woman presents for laproscopic gastric bypass. She weighs 191 kg and is 165 cm tall. She has history of hypeension, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, and acid reflux. Because of the sleep apnea, there is concern about mild pulmonary hypeension. Which of the following agent is most likely to produce the most rapid emergence in this patient | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | Nitrous oxide | 2c
| multi | Desflurane has the lowest blood:gas paition coefficient of all agents listed. In addition, desflurane has a lower fat:blood solubility, which may help in this case because of the patient's morbid obesity. Under usual circumstances, nitrous oxide could be used in combination with desflurane; however, in this situation, nitrous oxide is contraindicated since the patient likely has pulmonary hypeension. | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | [
"sevoflurane",
"isoflurane",
"desflurane"
] | 152,668 |
e6a10175-1248-49af-a076-269598bca07d | A 37-year-old immunosuppressed patient with renal failure develops sepsis. Which of the following antibiotics, if used, would require a major reduction in dosage? | erythromycin | doxycycline | tobramycin | isoniazid (INH) | 2c
| single | Amikacin and vancomycin are the other antibiotics that require dose reduction in renal failure. Newer antibiotics are often used instead of aminoglycosides to reduce the risk of renal damage. | Medicine | Kidney | [
"erythromycin",
"isoniazid",
"doxycycline"
] | 152,683 |
e8760bd6-12af-4b4c-84b2-935aa1915223 | All of the following drugs are used for management of post paum haemorrhage, EXCEPT: | Oxytocin | Misoprostol | Prostaglandin | Mifepristone | 3d
| multi | Mifepristone is an analog of progestin acts as an antagonist blocking the effect of natural progesterone. It is used as a medical method of first trimester aboion. It is highly successful when used within It is not indicated in the treatment of post paum hemorrhage. Bleeding and bleeding disorders are a contraindication for Mifepristol. Ref: Textbook of Obstetrics By D.C.Dutta, 6th Edition, Pages 175, 416-418 ; Gomella L.G., Haist S.A. (2007). Chapter 22. Commonly Used Medications. In L.G. Gomella, S.A. Haist (Eds), Clinician's Pocket Reference: The Scut Monkey, 11e. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"oxytocin",
"misoprostol",
"mifepristone"
] | 152,693 |
008db83c-22bd-4fc8-a855-10bce3cd8998 | Which of the following is not conveed into an active metabolite? | Lisinopril | Fluoxetine | Cyclophosphamide | Diazepam | 0a
| single | prodrugs are conveed into active metabolites all ACE inhibitors except captopril and lisinopril are prodrugs lisinopril: It is the lysine derivative of enalaprilat: does not require hydrolysis to become an active ACE inhibitor. Fluoxetine has an active demethylated metabolite Diazepam has an active metabolite Desmethyl-diazepam, oxazepam Cyclophosphamide have active metabolite Aldophosphamide, .phosphorarmide mustard, acrolein Ref ;KD Tripathi pharmacology 7th edition (page no; 503,461,22,23) | Pharmacology | General pharmacology | [
"lisinopril",
"fluoxetine",
"cyclophosphamide",
"diazepam"
] | 152,694 |
4cdd4100-a46d-4db0-b5fa-72fb3250e24c | Patient was given chloroquine and doxycycline for 7 days. Patients fever decreases in 4 days, but, peripheral smear showed occasional gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum. This type of drug resistance is – | R type | R2 type | R3 type | R4 type | 1b
| single | null | Pediatrics | null | [
"chloroquine",
"doxycycline"
] | 152,697 |
eff94721-2af7-430b-b193-537ac18aff86 | Which of the following is not an anesthetic that acts for more than 2hrs? | Bupivacaine | Prilocaine | Etidocaine | Tetracaine | 1b
| single | Prilocaine have only intermediate duration and potency (30-90 min). Tetracaine, Bupivacaine, Etidocaine have long duration and potency (>120 min). Ref: Miller Anaesthesia, 5th Edition, Page 586. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"bupivacaine"
] | 152,714 |
43183a2b-6c0c-4e09-ba8c-f9258a508952 | Which of the following is a polychlorinated hydrocarbon? | Parathion | Malathion | Diazinon | Dieldrin/Endrin | 3d
| single | Organochlorine insecticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons and are divided into four types as:* DDT (dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane) and analogues* Benzene hexachloride group -- e.g. BHC, lindane* Cyclodines and related compounds -- e.g. endrin, aldrin,dieldrin, endosulfan, sobenzan{ polycyclic polychlorinated hydrocarbon}* Toxaphene and related compounds -- e.g. toxaphen Ref: K.S.Narayan Reddy's Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 29th edition, Chapter 24, page-286. | Forensic Medicine | Poisoning | [
"malathion"
] | 152,727 |
571a740b-0882-424e-b763-e56818ee1131 | Antidote for benzodiazepine poisoning: FMGE 10, 13; NEET 14 | Naloxone | Atropine | Flumazenil | N-acetyl-cysteine | 2c
| single | Ans. Flumazenil | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"naloxone",
"flumazenil",
"atropine"
] | 152,737 |
f44ddc08-d9ca-4c3c-90ee-95c50b853b11 | Parietal cells secrets: | Pepsinogen | HCI | Mucous | Pepsin | 1b
| single | HCI | Physiology | null | [
"pepsin"
] | 152,749 |
369ad6c8-2df3-4d51-b6a3-1f2d6b013c4c | Which drug inhibits Na+-K+ ATPase pump - | Digitalis | Amiodarone | Varapamil | Hydralazine | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Digitalis o Following figure will help you to understand the mechanism of action of digoxin.o There are two important pumps in myocytes:i) 3Na+/l Ca+2 exchanger# This pump transports Ca+2 in exchange of Na+.# When Na+ concentration inside the myocyte is high, Na+/Ca+2 exchanger cause efflux of Na+ out of the myocytes and in exchange it causes influx of Ca+2 inside the myocytes.# NaVCa+2 exchanger does not require ATP to function, ions move along their concentration gradient.ii) NaVK+ ATPase# This pump causes efflux of Na+ in exchange of influx of K+.o Digitalis inhibits Na+K+ ATPase. Therefore, efflux of Na+ by Na+ K+ ATPase is inhibited. This results in increased concentration of Na+ inside the myocytes.o Increased Na+ concentration causes increased efflux of Na+ by Na+/Ca+2 exchanger with an increased influx of Ca+2 inside of myocytes.o Thus, intracellular concentration of Ca+2 is increased which results in increased force of cardiac contractiono It is worth noting that Na+ efflux is affected in two ways:i) Na+ efflux is dcreased by Na+/K+ ATPase (due to inhibition of Na+K+ ATPase by digoxin).ii) Na+ efflux is increased by Ca+2/Na+ exchanger (due to increased intracellular Na+ as a result of decreased Na+ efflux by Na+/K+ ATPase) | Pharmacology | C.V.S | [
"amiodarone",
"hydralazine"
] | 152,751 |
174f434e-5032-42ea-9b98-ba9ec3db6c65 | Which of the following drugs reduces efficacy of combined OCPs | Diazepam | Griseofluvin | Aspirin | Paracetamol | 1b
| single | Griseofluvin is known to reduce efficacy of combined oral contraceptive pills. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"paracetamol",
"diazepam"
] | 152,758 |
249036eb-57c6-4951-9c3e-969dd31467c3 | A hypeensive woman has come for preconception counseling. Which of the following antihypeensive is advised to continue once she becomes pregnant? | Enalapril | Chlohiazide | Nifedipine | Losaan | 2c
| single | Women with chronic hypeension are ideally counseled before pregnancy. The duration of hypeension, degree of blood pressure control, and current therapy are asceained. Those women who require multiple medications for control or those who are poorly controlled carry greater risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Tell women who take antihypeensive treatments other than ACE inhibitors, ARBs or chlorothiazide that the limited evidence available has not shown an increased risk of congenital malformation with such treatments.Angiotensin-Conveing Enzyme InhibitorsThese drugs inhibit the conversion of angiotensin-I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II. They can cause severe fetal malformations when given in the second and third trimesters. These include oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, and renal dysfunction Some studies also suggest teratogenic effects, and because of this, they are not recommended at any time during pregnancy.Angiotensin - receptor blockers act in a similar manner. But, instead of blocking the production of angiotensin-II, they inhibit binding to its receptor.They are presumed to have the same fetal effects as angiotensin-conveing enzyme inhibitors and thus are also contraindicated.Reference: William's obstetrics; 25th edition; Chapter 50; Chronic Hypeension | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics | [
"nifedipine",
"enalapril"
] | 152,787 |
07acb2a9-94ee-43a3-87d8-f669400116c2 | The drug of choice in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is- | Digoxin | Adenosine | Nifedipine | Esmolol | 1b
| single | Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1536 | Medicine | C.V.S | [
"digoxin",
"nifedipine",
"esmolol"
] | 152,797 |
dde5a49c-72ce-469a-87cf-1759e6297fa2 | All of the following drugs are used in Bipolar mood disorder except | Sodium valproate | Oxcarbazine | Pregabaline | Lamotrigine | 2c
| multi | (C) Pregabaline # Treatment of Bipolar Disorder> Lithium is generally the drug of choice to stabilize the person and is usually very effective in controlling mania and preventing new episodes.> Response to lithium treatment may take several days. Several medications are approved for the treatment of acute mania, including: Clozapine Olanzipine Quetiapine Risperidone Aripiprazole Ziprasidone> Anticonvulsant drugs may also be used. These include: Valproate Lamotrigine Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous | [
"valproate",
"lamotrigine"
] | 152,800 |
9d9cfc30-5d15-45bb-944e-66a827a97c98 | In modified rapid sequence induction (RSI) which is neuromuscular blocker of choice:- | Rocuronium | Vecuronium | Rapacuronium | Atracurium | 0a
| single | Rocuronium is fastest acting clinically available non depolarizing Neuro Muscular Blocker. Thus can replace succinyl choline for modified RSI. For rapid sequence induction we need fast acting neuromuscular blocker so that we achieve intubating condition early. | Anaesthesia | Neuromuscular Blocker | [
"vecuronium",
"rocuronium",
"atracurium"
] | 152,801 |
8b58d6d4-75f3-4a2c-a404-d8e6ce14c8d9 | Corticosteroid with maximum sodium retaining potential? | Dexamethasone | Prednisolone | Aldosterone | Betamethasone | 2c
| single | ANSWER: (C) AldosteroneREF: KDT 6th edition, page 282"Aldosterone is most potent mineralocorticoid and betamethasone is most potent glucocorticoid" | Pharmacology | Steroid | [
"prednisolone",
"dexamethasone"
] | 152,807 |
b16f9672-2057-407e-a188-bb783ead73f4 | Treatment of acute hypercalcemia- | Normal saline with forced diuresis with chlohiazide | Plicamycin | Gallium nitrate | Mithramycin | 3d
| multi | Hypercalcaemic Crisis It may be the mode of presentation in primary hyperparathyroidism especially in elderly. It presents with dehydration, hypotension, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, altered sensorium. It is a medical emergency.Management Medical Management 1.Rehydration until serum calcium level falls (4-6 litres of normal saline in first 24 hrs) 2.Correct electrolyte imbalance and give frusemide 100 mg 1-2 hours 3.Other methods to decrease serum calcium are: a.Salmon calcitonin 200-400 IU 8 hourly subcutaneously b.Mithramycin 25 ug/kg IV c.Neutral phosphate IV (500 ml over 6-8 hrs) 4.Avoid drugs like digoxin (hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia may potentiate its toxicity), thiazides (decrease the calcium excretion), vitamin A, D (increase the bone turnover) oestrogen and antioestrogen. R ALAGAPPAN MANUAL OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE 4TH EDITION PAGE NO - 631 | Medicine | Endocrinology | [
"gallium"
] | 152,829 |
19be75e1-6a9e-46be-bfbf-e156c83559bc | Which drug is not metabolized by acetylation | Isoniazide | Dapsone | Hydralazine | Metoclopropramide | 3d
| single | Impotant drug metabolised by acetylation are S- Sulphonamides including dapsone H-Hydralazine I-Isoniazide P-procainamide Ref-KDT 7/e p24 | Anatomy | General anatomy | [
"hydralazine",
"dapsone"
] | 152,831 |
a079480e-5df0-4f33-b60d-d566eb5997f5 | All of the following statements are true about 6 mercapto purine except | It is metabolized by xanthine oxidase | It does not cause hyperuricemia | Its dose should be reduced when allopurinol is given concurrently | It is an active metabolite of azathioprine | 1b
| multi | Ref-KDT 6/e p823,824 All anticancer drugs can result in hyperuricemia by causing the detruction of excess cells. Azathioprine is an inmunosuppressant drug that acts by generating 6-MP 6-MP is metabolized by xanthine oxidase. Its dose should be reduced when allopurinol is given concurrently. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"azathioprine",
"allopurinol"
] | 152,839 |
53ffd302-9de9-48fb-9e53-4e52e891037e | Treatment of Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency is: | Biotin | Pyridoxine | Thiamine | Folic acid | 0a
| single | Multiple carboxylase deficiency is a group of disorder resulting from defective utilization of biotin.Since biotin is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes (carboxylation), it results in malfunction of all carboxylases and organic acedimia. It is treated by biotin | Biochemistry | null | [
"biotin"
] | 152,841 |
eff85532-a80d-4cc8-8968-9918c3ba9fbf | A 26 year old man has had Crohn's disease of the ileum for 10 months and has been treated with several drugs. He now suffers from muscle weakness, centripetal obesity, and a round, plethoric face. These side effects are most likely associated with the long-term use of: | Azathioprine | Cyclosporine | Olsalazine | Prednisone | 3d
| single | Prednisone is frequently used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, as well as rheumatic disorders. The long-term use of glucocoicoids (such as prednisone, prednisolone, and triamcinolone), is associated with various side effects, including muscle weakness, weight gain, redistribution of fat, moon facies, osteoporosis, cataract formation, glaucoma, adrenal insufficiency, and exacerbation of peptic ulcers. Ref: Chandraker A., Milford E.L., Sayegh M.H. (2012). Chapter 282. Transplantation in the Treatment of Renal Failure. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. | Pharmacology | null | [
"azathioprine",
"cyclosporine",
"olsalazine",
"prednisone"
] | 152,843 |
0cb4fe9a-59d3-4e73-bbca-15323a530b7a | All are dihydrofolate reductase antagonists, EXCEPT- | Methotrexate | Cytosine arabinoside | Pentamidine | Pyrimethamine | 1b
| multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cytosine Arabinoside Dihydrofolate reductase antagonists are o Methotreyate o Pentamidine o Trimethoprim o Pyrimetham ne | Pharmacology | null | [
"methotrexate",
"pentamidine"
] | 152,844 |
6d5d2d83-fe79-4533-b300-c2a821836c12 | Harup disease causes deficiency of ? | Nicotinamide | Thiamine | Riboflavin | Biotin | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Nicotinamide Hanup diseaseIt is an inherited disorder in the metabolism of tryptophan.It is due to defective transpo of tryptophan and other neutral amino acids in the intestine and kidney.This results in deficiency of tryptophan leading to decreased synthesis of niacin and serotonin.Thus there are pellagra (niacin deficiency), neurological symptoms (serotonin deficiency) and amino aciduria due to defective transpo of amino acids in kidney.Note : Niacin is a general name for the nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, either of which may act as a source of vitamin in the diet | Biochemistry | null | [
"biotin"
] | 152,851 |
0d6e9eb6-4303-4299-a8e7-b457bcfc25de | Drugs associated with gingival changes are: | Phenytoin, cystine and nifedipine | Nifedipine, ibuprofen and Lignocaine | Cyctosporin, chlorine and iodine | Phenytoin, hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide and paracetamol | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null | [
"paracetamol",
"nifedipine",
"ibuprofen",
"phenytoin"
] | 152,854 |
24c3acae-83b3-40cf-80d6-9aa8d6927e36 | Which of the following drugs has a high affinity for 5-HT2 receptors in the brain, does not cause extrapyramidal dysfunction or hematotoxicity, and is repoed to increase the risk of significant QT prolongation? | Chlorpromazine | Clozapine | Olanzapine | Ziprasidone | 3d
| single | Ziprasidone can cause QT prolongation leading to torsades de pointes especially in the presence of predisposing factors/drugs. Clozapine, olanzapine and ziprasidone are atypical antipsychotic agents that act by blocking 5HT2 receptors. Chlorpromazine is a typical antipsychotic drug. It blocks D2 receptors in the brain and can cause extrapyramidal symptoms. Major adverse effect of clozapine is agranulocytosis (hematotoxic) and seizures. Olanzapine causes weight gain.(have the highest metabolic risk) Ziprasidone: is an Atypical Antipsychotic Ziprasidone has low propensity to cause extra pyramidal side effects or hyper-prolactinemia, mildly sedating,modest hypotension,little weight gain,little blood sugar elevation. Indication- Schizophrenia,Mania,anxiolytic and antidepressant propey | Pharmacology | CNS | [
"chlorpromazine",
"clozapine",
"olanzapine",
"ziprasidone"
] | 152,858 |
e0750cb2-39c6-47a5-bedc-250796c351bb | Which of the following vitamins does not paicipate in oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA ? | Thiamine | Niacine | Riboflavin | Biotin | 3d
| single | Ans. is `d' i.e., Biotin | Biochemistry | null | [
"biotin"
] | 152,860 |
245b4215-d4bf-4662-ac69-57d4f9fb66cb | Cisapride differs from metoclopramide in which of the following aspect? | It accelerates gastric emptying | It alters colonic motility | Its action is blocked by atropine | It decreases the bioavailability of digoxin | 1b
| single | Cisapride does not block the dopamine receptors, thus does not cause extrapyramidal symptoms or alter the prolactin levels.
Though its effects on the stomach and small bowel motility are similar to metoclopramide, the colonic motility is increased with cisapride (no effect with metoclopramide).
Like metoclopramide, its actions on the gut are blocked by atropine. | Pharmacology | null | [
"digoxin",
"metoclopramide",
"atropine"
] | 152,867 |
dbb05716-488b-41ad-aee8-a7f487b1a60c | Half life of alteplase is ? | 5mins | 30mins | 1 hour | 2 hour | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 5 mins o Alteplase has a very short half-life (about 5 minutes) and, therefore, is administered as a total dose equal to 0.9mg kg.o Ten percent of the total dose injected intravenously as a bolus and the remaining drug is administered over 60 minutes. | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets and Fibrinolytics | [
"alteplase"
] | 152,869 |
6159c903-21a3-4b58-a82f-b7412818475a | All are vasodilators except - | Procaine | Lidocaine | Cocaine | Chlorprocaine | 2c
| multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cocaine | Pharmacology | null | [
"procaine",
"lidocaine"
] | 152,900 |
67d92f70-ba05-4ea5-a063-4ccfe90cf898 | Rx of latent syphilis a) Penicillin b) Erythromycin c) Tetracycline d) Ciprofloxacin | ac | ab | bc | bd | 0a
| single | null | Medicine | null | [
"erythromycin",
"tetracycline",
"ciprofloxacin"
] | 152,910 |
28730a8c-1e31-45a4-ac50-3f7fa3d7b6b1 | Which drug can be given in G-6-P-D deficiency ? | Cloroquine | Probenecid | Amidopyrine | Primaquin | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Probenecid | Pharmacology | null | [
"probenecid"
] | 152,919 |
2c5d3b88-aeb0-4def-961d-ad8057e317ef | Atropine when used as a pre–medication causes all of the following symptoms except: | Skin flush | Bronchoconstriction | Prevents bradycardia | Dryness of mouth | 1b
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"atropine"
] | 152,923 |
b3568b92-fa5b-494e-b7be-9025ad7e693f | Antipsychotic drug with prolonged action | Trifluperazine | Thioridazine | Penfluridol | Fluphenazine | 3d
| single | D i.e. Fluphenazine | Psychiatry | null | [
"fluphenazine"
] | 152,928 |
40d4a2bf-0dd6-4978-85ec-81bcafa94b0f | During induction of general anesthesia, administration of oxygen with high concentration of nitrous oxide and halothane hastens the uptake of halothane, this is known as | Fink effect | Concentration effect | Second gas effect | Third gas effect | 2c
| single | During induction ofgeneral anesthesia, when a large volume of a gas (nitrous oxide) is taken up from alveoli into pulmonary capillary blood, the concentration of gases remaining in the alveoli is increased. This results in effects known as the second gas effect. These effects occur because of the contraction of alveolar volume associated with the uptake of the nitrous oxide. this effect makes speed of induction fast | Anaesthesia | Inhalational Anesthetic Agents | [
"halothane"
] | 152,934 |
3f09d790-900d-491f-bebb-f403e3ac600a | Vitamin D analogue calcitriol is useful in the treatment of – | Lichen planus | Psoriasis | Phemphigus | Leprosy | 1b
| single | Drugs for psoriasis
Topical medications
Vitamin D (calcipotriene)
Cool tar
Corticosteroids
Tree bark extract (dithranol)
Topical retinoids
Systemic
Psoralens (Methoxsalen, trioxsalen)
Methotrexate
Acitretin
Etanercept
Cyclosporine
Alefacept
Tacrolimus
6-Thioguanine
Hydroxyurea
Tacrolimus
Adalimumab
Photo therapy
PUVA (oral psoralen plus UV-A)
Narrow - band UV-B (NB-UVB) | Dental | null | [
"calcitriol"
] | 152,940 |
2d38eca6-e444-4900-9900-067fe8ca1bf3 | A patient on lithium therapy was found to be hypertensive also. Which of the following antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated in a patient on lithium therapy in order to prevent toxicity ? | Clonidine | Beta blockers | Calcium channel blockers | Diuretics | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"clonidine"
] | 152,958 |
cac7472d-7b8a-40b6-b5f9-29e4b7586103 | Ketamine produces- | Analgesia | Allodynia | Hyperpathia | Dystonia | 0a
| multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Analgesia Ketamineo The primary' site of action is in the cortex and subcortical areas; not in the reticular activating system (site of action of barbiturates),o It acts on NMD A receptors.o Short duration of action (10-15 minutes) is due to redistribution from brain and blood to other tissues of the body,o Ketamine is different from most other anaesthetic induction agents in that it has significant analgesic action.o Ketamine increases 10T and cerebral metabolism - contraindicated in head injury.o It causes sympathetic stimulation with elevation of HR, CO & BP -contraindicated in hypertension and ischemic heart disease.o It also raises IOT - contraindicated in glaucoma.o It relieves bronchospasm - intravenous anaesthetic of choice in asthmatics (inhalation anaesthetic of choice in asthmatic is halothane).o Injection is not painful (All other inducing agents cause pain on injection),o It is i.v. anaesthetic of choice in children (Sevoflurane is inhalation agent of choice).o Because it causes sympathetic stimulation it is intravenous anaesthetic of choice in patients with shock and hypovolumia.o It has no muscle relaxant property rather muscle tone is increased.o Airway reflexes (pharyngeal and laryngeal) are not depressed - intravenous anaesthetic of choice for emergency- anaesthesia (no starvation is required).o Ketamine produces emergence reaction during awakening from anaesthesia - vivid dreaming, illusions, extracorporeal experiences, excitment, confusion, fear and euphoria - contraindicated in psychiatric illness like schizophrenia. | Pharmacology | Anaesthesia | [
"ketamine"
] | 152,964 |
c9f082bb-3358-4d0f-b92b-04336aa69bc4 | The following are related to the treatment of thalassaemia except: | Fresh (relatively) blood transfusion | Folic acid | Routine iron therapy | Deferoxamine improves pregnancy outcome | 2c
| multi | As discussed in detail in preceeding text– on thalassemia, routine iron therapy should not be given in patients of thalassemia as it leads to hemochromatosis. Only if there is documented iron deficiency then given iron. Rest all options are correct | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"deferoxamine"
] | 152,965 |
485339f2-8407-4d4f-bb14-8372fbc0d09c | Which one of the following antibiotics binds sterols and alters membrane permeability? | Penicillin | Amdinocillin | Amphotericin | Chloramphenicol | 2c
| single | Because amphotericin binds to sterols (such as cholesterol) in the cell membrane, its range of activity is predictable; that is, it is effective against microorganisms that contain sterol in the cell membrane (such as molds, yeasts, and certain amebae). These polyene antibiotics cause reorientation of sterols in the membrane, and membrane structure is altered to the extent that permeability is affected. If sterol synthesis is blocked in fungi, then amphotericin is not effective. This occurs when fungi are exposed to miconazole, another antifungal antibiotic. | Microbiology | General | [
"chloramphenicol"
] | 152,967 |
78fb2bf8-3ce3-4f0f-bff7-9f455f8a7d89 | Anaesthetic gas with maximum respiratory irritation | Desflurane | Sevoflurane | Enflurane | Halothane | 0a
| single | * Desflurane, unlike halothane or sevoflurane has a pungent smell which makes it unpleasant for inhalational induction. * When more than 6% desflurane is used, the pungency produces salivation, airway irritation, breath holding and coughing. Ref:- Stoelting's Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice 5th edition; pg num:- 101 | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | [
"halothane",
"enflurane",
"sevoflurane",
"desflurane"
] | 152,978 |
5c5b9f66-e705-4bda-965e-3e79a0d0b7fe | A 70 kg young athlete was planned for surgery. During anesthesia,vecuronium was not available so repeated doses of succinylcholine was given intermittently up to 640mg. During recovery ,patient was not able to spontaneously respire and more limbs. What is the cause | Pseudocholinestrease deficiency | Phase 2 blockade | Muscle weakness due to repeated fasiculations | Undiagnosed muscular dystrophy | 1b
| single | Refer Wiley 7/584 Succinylcholine produces a characteristic depolarising block that is associated with absence of fade in response to train-of -four and titanic stimulation, the absence of post tetanic facilitation and increased block in the presence of anticholinesterase drugs. The type of block may change into a non depolarising type following prolonged admistration of drug | Pharmacology | Anesthesia | [
"vecuronium"
] | 152,981 |
3f0d927a-460a-41be-874b-ba58aaa3fdf5 | A patient presents with malignant hypehermia and metabolic acidosis. Immediate treatment should be staed with | Intravenous Dantrolene | Sodium bicarbonate | Intravenous fluids | Paracetamol | 0a
| single | IV dantrolene (1mg/kg repeated if required) is the life saving drug in malignant hypehermia. Oxygen inhalation, treatment of acidosis and immediate cooling of body may also help. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | [
"dantrolene",
"paracetamol"
] | 153,004 |
c0a51dca-3483-4ac4-9ed1-83cb5219a4ad | Which one of the following drugs is antipseudomonal penicillin? | Cephalexin | Cloxacillin | Piperacillin | Dicloxacillin | 2c
| single | null | Microbiology | null | [
"dicloxacillin",
"cephalexin"
] | 153,006 |
fe236f55-39a6-4155-8eea-0b6a8c6a4717 | Which of the following used as skin antiseptic? | Cidex | Cresol | Chlorhexidine | Lysol | 2c
| single | Option 1 Glutaraldehyde is less toxic, less irritant and less corrosive, hence is best used to sterilize endoscopes and cystoscopes: It is used as 2% concentration (2% cidex) for 20 min. Option 2, 4 Phenolics as disinfectants: Cresol, xylenol, Lysol and oho-phenylphenol are used as disinfectants in laboratories and hospitals. All have the ability to retain activity in presence of organic matter. They are toxic and irritant to skin, hence used as disinfectants but not as antiseptics. Option 3 Skin antiseptics are Halogens: Povidone iodine-Betadine (best) and Tincture iodine. Phenol as antiseptics: Chlorhexidine (Savlon), Chloroxylenol (Dettol). Alcohol: Isopropyl alcohol, Ethanol. Heavy Metal salts: Silver sulfadiazine (burns surfaces), 1% Silver nitrate (Ophthalmia neonatorum) Surface active agents: Cationic detergents, Anionic surfactant (common soaps).u Dyes: Aniline and Acridine. | Microbiology | General Microbiology Pa-2 and Pa-3 (Sterilization and Bacterial Genetics) | [
"chlorhexidine"
] | 153,021 |
59dccdb8-03f7-42b3-8903-d958f1ed7ef8 | Decrease in gastric acid secretion by all except - | Ranitidine | Omeprazole | Sucalfate | Perenzepine | 2c
| multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., SucralfateDrugs for peptic ulcer1. Reduce gastric acid secretiunH, antihistaminic - Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Roxatidine.Proton pump inhibitors - Omeprazole; Lansoprazole. Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole, Esomeprazole.Anticholinergics - Pirenzepine, propantheline, oxyphenonium.Prostaglandin analogue - Misoprostol, enprostil, rioprostih2. Neutralization of gastric acid (antacids)Systemic - Sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate.Non systemic - Magnesium hydroxide, Mag. trisilicate. aluminium hydroxide, Magaldrate. calcium carbonate.3. Ulcer protectivesSucralfate, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, Prostaglandin analogue.4. Anti H. pylori durgsAmoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, Tinidazole. tetracycline. | Pharmacology | G.I.T | [
"ranitidine",
"omeprazole"
] | 153,023 |
00bc964e-7e44-4108-a824-ab89d1c47c1e | A 25 year old man with a psychotic illness, was treated with haloperido130mg/day. On the third day, he developed pacing, and inability to sit still in one place. The medication likely to be helpful is - | Phenytoin | Propranolol | Methylphenidate | Trihexyphenedyl | 1b
| single | Restlessness (inability to sit still) and pacing suggests the diagnosis of Akathesia.
The drug of choice for Akathesia is one of the β-blocker. | Psychiatry | null | [
"propranolol",
"methylphenidate",
"phenytoin"
] | 153,049 |
4fb049af-6dc2-460d-83ab-9a86f15d6068 | In recommending treatment for your carcinoid patient, you will consider all of the following except | Cyproheptadine | Ketanserin | Methysergide | Sumatriptan | 3d
| multi | All of the drugs listed have significant blocking effects on 5HT receptors except sumatriptan, which is an agonist at 5HT1 receptors. | Physiology | All India exam | [
"methysergide",
"sumatriptan",
"cyproheptadine"
] | 153,051 |
a64304b6-3e9f-4733-804f-a121d5671ec0 | Which of the following drugs does not act by blocking Gp IIb/IIIa receptors ? | Abciximab | Eptifibatide | Tirofiban | Clopidogrel | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"eptifibatide",
"abciximab",
"clopidogrel",
"tirofiban"
] | 153,067 |
6f00df03-97f5-4248-a992-b8bf1c1fe723 | A 6 yr old child presents with malignant hypeension. The Drug of choice is - | Na Nitroprusside | Sublingual Nifedipine | Furoscmide | Enalapril | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sodium Nitroprusside "The drug most commonly used to treat hypeensive emergencies is the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside" "Because of predictable, instantaneous, titratable and balanced aerio-venous vasodilator)/ action which persists without tolerance till infused, nitroprusside is the drug of choice for most hypeensive emergencies". DOC for hypeensive emergencies is calcium channel blockers (nicardipine or clevidipine). Nitroprusside is no longer preferred now. | Pharmacology | null | [
"nitroprusside",
"nifedipine",
"enalapril"
] | 153,088 |
bd469dc3-dfef-4241-87af-c8c2717a5b73 | DPP-IV inhibitor used in renal failure: | Linagliptin | Sitagliptin | Vildagliptin | Saxagliptin | 0a
| single | A i.e. LinagliptinRef: HohIA, Ronsoni MF, Guedes EP, de Melo TG, Lauand F (2014), Linagliptin: DPP-4 Inhibition in the Treatment of Type 2, Diabetes Mellitus, J Diabetes Metab Disord Control 1(1): 00005, DOI: 10.15406/jdmdc,2014.01.00005Explanation:Patients with T2DM have dysfunction in incretin hormones (such as glucagon-like peptide-1 or GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide or GIP).By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, it is possible to slow the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP, promoting blood glucose level decrease in a glucose-dependent manner.Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor DPP IV inhibitor.Linagliptin is approved by FDA and EMA for the T2DM treatment as an anti-hyperglycemic agent that can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other medications (metformin, sulphonylurea, pioglitazone, metformin plus sulphonylurea or insulin).NOTE:Linagliptin is safe in renal failure, as it is eliminated majorly by biliary excretion and it also undergoes enterohepatic recycling.Chemical and metabolic characteristics of DPP-4 inhibitorsInhibitorChemical StructureMetabolitesRoute of EliminationLinagliptinBased on XanthineNegligibleBiliary(> 70% unchanged); <6% via kidneySaxagliptinCyanopyrrolidineMetabolized in the liver to active metabolite (via P450 3A4/5)Renal (12-29% unchanged and 21-52% as metabolite)SitagliptinBased on p-amino acidNegligibleRenal (80% unchanged)VildagliptinCyanopyrrolidineHydrolyzed to inactive metabolite (P450 enzyme-independent)Renal (22% unchanged and 55% as primary metabolite)AlogliptinPyrimidineDemethylated, acetylatedRenal | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | [
"sitagliptin"
] | 153,097 |
701ef3cc-56f9-478b-95ac-bb7d421d406f | Which drug should be avoided in the management of traumatic hyphema in a dark race individual? | Timolol | Acetazolamide | Atropine | Steroids | 1b
| single | Traumatic hyphema presents with raised intraocular pressure.Timolol will help to control raised IOP. Atropine will provide cycloplegic action and will provide relief from pain. Steroids will help to prevent rebleed. Acetazolamide is not given in dark race patients due to risk of sickling as a result of metabolic acidosis caused by acetazolamide. | Ophthalmology | Investigation in ophthalmology and miscellaneous topics | [
"atropine",
"timolol",
"acetazolamide"
] | 153,103 |
63897228-78fb-45c9-bce6-92c2248554a1 | Patient on att is having problem in distinguishingred-green lights. The agent responsible is | Capreomycin | Ethambutol | Ethionamide | Some 2nd line agents | 1b
| single | (B) (Ethambutol) (269-KDT 7th)* Loss of visual acquity/ colour vision, field defects due to optic neuritis is the most important dose and duration of therapy dependent toxicity seen in ETHAMBUTOL* Other side effects are - Nausea, rashes fever rarely peripheral neuritis, Hyperuricemia * *** Contraindicated in optic neuritisDrugSide effectsETHIONAMIDE* Salivation, metallic taste, epigastric discomfort, sulfiirous belching and hepatitis, rash peripheral neuritis, behavioueral changes, impotence, menstrual disturbance and goiter on prolonged useCapreomycin* Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity eosinophelia, rashes, fever injection site painCycloserine* Primarily neurological sleepness, tremor, slurring of speech altered behavior, depression or frank psychosis **RifabutinGi intolerance, granulocytopenia myalgia, and UveitisPara-amino salicylic acid (PAS)Rashes, fever, malaise, hypokalaemia, goiter, liver disfunction and rarely blood dyscrasias* MDR gene acts by - causes efflux of drug* Peripheral Neuropathy in 1NH therapy is more common in following groupsSlow Acetylators* Diabetes patients* AnemiaHypoprotenemia (Protein Energy Malnutrition)* Urine and secretions in patients receiving Rifampicin may become orange- red **.* Rifampicin is primarily metabolized in the liver and excreted in bile, so Rifampicin does not require dosage adjustment in renal failure** | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | [
"ethambutol",
"ethionamide"
] | 153,106 |
9a51a879-6462-4ae5-bed2-6fd343c817fe | True about sulfonylureas is - | Chlorpropamide is 2nd generation agent | Most common side effect is hypoglycemia | Effective even after pancreactomy | Safe in pregnancy | 1b
| multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Most common side effect is hypoglycemiao Sulfonylureas are -1. First generation Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide.2. Second generation Glibenclamide (Glyburide), glipizide, gliclazide, glimpride.Sulfonylureas act byo Sulfonylurease provoke a brisk release of insulin from pancreas. They act on the so called "Sulfonylurea receptors" (SUR1) on pancreatic b-cell membrane - cause depolarization by reducing conductance of ATP sensitive K+ channels. This enhances influx of Ca+2 - degranulation. They do not cause hypoglycemia in pancreatectomized animals and type 1 diabetes (Presence of at least 30% of functional b-cells in essential for their action). A minor action reducing glucagon secretion by increasing insulin and somatostatin release has been demonstratedo Extrahepatic action# On chronic administration they sensitize the target cells (especially the liver) to the action of insulin.# On chronic administration their action on pancrease (to release insuline) declines due to down regulation of sulfonylurea receptors.# But glycemic control is maintained due to extrahepatic action.# Glimepiride exerts beneficial effects with regard to ischemic preconditioning.Sulfonyloreas cause following adverse effectso Hypoglycemia# This is commonest side effect.# More common in elderly, liver and kidney disease.# Chlorpropamide is a frequent culprit due to its long action due to its long action.# Tolbutamide carries lowest risk due to its low potency and short duration of action.# Lower incidence is also reported with glipizide, glibenclamide, glimepiride.o Hypersensitivity# Rashes, photosensitivity, purpura, transient leukopenia, rarely agranulocytosiso Adverse effects specific to particular drug# Cholorpropamide causes cholestasis, dilutional hyponatremia, intolerance to alcohol (disulfiram like reaction). Chlorpropamide causes dilutional hyponatremia by sensitising the kidney to ADH action.# Tolbutamide reduces iodine uptake by thyroid.o Sulfonylureas are not safe during pregnancy - change over to insulin. Sulfonylureas are secreted in milk - should not be given to nursing mothers. Gliclazide has an antiplatelet effect. | Pharmacology | Anti Diabetes | [
"chlorpropamide"
] | 153,110 |
638b6f8a-aabe-4032-b46f-e183023e2181 | All are ototoxic drugs except | Diuretics | Streptomycin | Quinine | Propanolol | 3d
| multi | OTOTOXIC DRUGS Ref:- Dhingra; pg num:-33,34 | ENT | Ear | [
"quinine"
] | 153,115 |
d9882e46-0c53-4b1f-8cea-37c72a00026d | A person consumes large quantities of alcohol daily since 20 years.He is physically dependent on alcohol. Drug should be given to this person is: | Disulfiram | Acamprosate | Naltrexone | Chlordiazepoxide | 0a
| multi | Disulfiram is the main drug tahtbsi used to make alcohol consumption an unpleasant experience. Disulfiram inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase , alcohol is not metabolized and acetaldehyde accumulates which produces unpleasant symptoms and patient develops an aversion.All the other given drugs can be used but primarily displaces is tried. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | [
"disulfiram",
"naltrexone",
"chlordiazepoxide"
] | 153,118 |
d88b9608-9ff4-4def-bcab-6e9a852f7b75 | Z track technique is used for | Monitoring of lithium therapy | Monitoring of carbamazepine therapy | Administration of long acting depot antipsychotics | Administration of nicotine patches | 2c
| single | Ans. (C) Administration of long acting depot antipsychotics(Ref: Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Text book of Clinical Psychiatry 11th Ed; Page No- 873)Guidelines for Administration of Long Acting Antipsychotic Depot Injections (LAAI)LAAIs are given to patient with psychosis or mania who have poor compliance to oral treatment.A test dose is given for all drugs except olanzapine, risperidone, paliperidone and aripiprazole.Route of administration is by intramuscular route with maximum permissible volume as given below.Deltoid2 mlDorsogluteal4 mlVentrogluteal (Safest site)4 mlRectus femoris5 mlVastus lateralis5 mlZ track technique is used for injection into all sites, except deltoid. The skin is stretched laterally from the intended site of injection and then insert the needle at 90deg angle. After 10 seconds of injecting the drug, skin is released to allow the displaced tissue to cover the needle track. It is done to maximize absorption in to muscles by preventing the drug from moving back to subcutaneous tissue.Z track technique is also used to inject iron. | Psychiatry | Pharmacotherapy In Psychiatry | [
"carbamazepine"
] | 153,123 |
8427aa4c-9cf2-4d4e-bbe9-1d61871301a1 | Ketamine should be avoided in - | The presence of increased aerial pressure | Pregnancy | Hypovolemic shock | Asthmatic | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., The presence of increased aerial pressure `Ketamine increases BP and intracranial tension, it therefore should be avoided in hypeension and in the presence of raised ICT.' | Pharmacology | null | [
"ketamine"
] | 153,143 |
dbac705d-60c8-4b93-913c-dd6afb03dcee | What is the treatment for sudden worsening of TOF? | PGE 1 infusion | O2 therapy | Propranolol | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above * Sudden worsening ofTOF - known as 'Cyanotic spelV* Therapy is aimed at providing an immediate increase in pulmonary blood flow to prevent the sequelae of severe hypoxia.* Management consists of:i) Knee chest positionii) Humidified oxygeniii) Hydration - Prevention or prompt treatment of dehydration is important to avoid hemoconcentration and possible thrombotic episodes.iv) Prostaglandin El - Dilatation of ductus arteriosus and provides adequate pulmonary blood flow. This agent should be administered intravenously as soon as cyanotic congenital heart disease is clinically suspected and continued through the preoperative period and during cardiac catheterization.v) Morphine 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneous inj.vi) Correction of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate IV.vii) Propranolol: 0.5 - 1 mg/kg/IV - to decrease the frequency and severity of hypercyanotic spells, but with the excellent surgical results available today, surgical treatment is now indicated as soon as spells begin.viii) Vasopressors: Methoxamine or phenylephrine.ix) Correction of Anaemia. | Pediatrics | C.V.S. | [
"propranolol"
] | 153,155 |
68287103-4dac-464b-a451-f7881a2a5538 | Least mineralocoicoid activity is seen in | Aldosterone | Aldosterone | Dexamethasone | Flurotisol | 2c
| single | C i.e. Dexamethasone | Physiology | null | [
"dexamethasone"
] | 153,159 |
1c284a28-f01e-4297-bb8d-13d4bd318f9d | In theophylline metabolism, drug interactions occurs with all Except : | Cimetidine | Phenobarbitone | Rifamipicin | Tetracyclines | 3d
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"cimetidine",
"theophylline"
] | 153,160 |
8e34980c-b750-4a70-98a1-ecb9e84706fd | A depressed patient does not want to take medication on a daily basis. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) most suitable for this patient is? | Escitalporam | Fluoxetine | Fluvoxamine | Paroxetine | 1b
| single | The half life of fluoxetine is longer than 72 hour so patient can take the medication every other day and thus it is most suitable for him. | Psychiatry | Mood Disorders | [
"fluoxetine",
"paroxetine"
] | 153,164 |
efba4db3-e3a9-4608-b8d3-0880a626ee96 | Calcium channel blockers used in HTN are all except: | Amlodipine | Clevidipine | Captopril | Nifedipine | 2c
| multi | Captopril is an ACE inhibitor- prototype ACE inhibitor all others mentioned in options are calcium channel blockers- all are dihydropyridines (Ref- Essentials of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 8th Edition) | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"captopril",
"nifedipine",
"amlodipine"
] | 153,178 |
92fa0020-199d-41f3-bac4-f9fe80109c17 | The behaviour therapeutic falls in management of enuresis, The pharmacological drug of choice for this case is - | Phenytoin | Diazepalm | Imipramine | Alprax | 2c
| multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Imipramine o Desmopressin is best answer. o But it is not given in options. o Amongst the given options only imipramine is used in enuresis. | Pediatrics | null | [
"phenytoin",
"imipramine"
] | 153,206 |
a2e6ccb7-b16b-479f-b33e-8376909e9093 | Which of the follwoing is TRUE about free water clearance? | Regulated by ADH | Regulated by aldosterone | Increased by furosemide | None of the above | 0a
| multi | "Free water clearance" (CH2O) is the difference between the urine volume and the clearance of osmoles (COsm). The excretion or retention of electrolyte-free water by the kidney is modulated by circulating vasopressin (ADH). ADH acts on renal V2-type receptors in the thick ascending limb of Henle and principal cells of the collecting duct (CD), increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and activating protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of multiple transpo proteins. Ref: Mount D.B. (2012). Chapter 45. Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. | Physiology | null | [
"furosemide"
] | 153,208 |
ff228354-2bba-4624-97e2-d25d829ddc76 | Which teratogen causes deafness ? | Isotretnoin | Chloroquine | Alcohol | Warfarin | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Isotretnoid o Isotretinoin can cause microtia or anotia. o These defects are frequently associated with agenesis or stenosis of external ear canal and may lead to deafness. | Pharmacology | null | [
"warfarin",
"chloroquine"
] | 153,214 |
d69ba902-aff4-4e59-a78b-acfc03e7b121 | A 44 year old man sustains a myocardial infarction, and is admitted to the hospital from the emergency room. Serum chemistries reveal two-fold elevation of his LDL cholesterol. He is prescribed lovastatin, which acts by inhibiting which of the following enzymes? | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase | Pyruvate dehydrogenase | 2c
| single | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis, in which HMG-CoA (formed from 3 acetyl-CoA molecules) is reduced to mevalonic acid, using 2 NADPH. Lovastatin and pravastatin reduce cholesterol synthesis and lower serum cholesterol levels by inhibiting this enzyme. Lovastatin is metabolized by the CYP3A isoform of cytochrome P450. In contrast, gemfibrozil and clofibrate lower cholesterol by increasing the activity of lipoprotein lipase, which is produced by the endothelial cells of the vasculature of adipose and muscle tissue. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the first step in fatty acid synthesis. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in urea synthesis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes the transition step between glycolysis and the TCA (Krebs) cycle. Ref: Botham K.M., Mayes P.A. (2011). Chapter 26. Cholesterol Synthesis, Transpo, & Excretion. In D.A. Bender, K.M. Botham, P.A. Weil, P.J. Kennelly, R.K. Murray, V.W. Rodwell (Eds), Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 29e. | Pharmacology | null | [
"lovastatin"
] | 153,215 |
9e773122-037d-4b79-88cf-544eae7d468e | DOC for the treatment of Tularemia is: | Kanamycin | Neomycin | Streptomycin | Chloramphenicol | 2c
| single | TULAREMIA: (aka) Rabbit Fever or Deer Fly Fever Is a rare infectious disease that typically attacks the skin, eyes, lymph nodes and lungs. Caused by bacterium Francisella tularensis. STREPTOMYCIN(or gentamicin) is considered as DOC for Tularemia. Most cases respond to the administration of 1-2 g (15-25 mg/kg) streptomycin per day (in divided doses) for 10-14 days. | Pharmacology | Protein Synthesis Inhibitors | [
"chloramphenicol"
] | 153,225 |
e83c2ed9-46c4-466f-b56a-6a9f817470d0 | Diurnal variation in Eosinophil count is related to: | Coisol | Thyroxine | Growth hormone | Testesterone | 0a
| single | A i.e. CoisolDiurnal variation in eosinophilic count is reciprocally (invrsely) related to circadian levels of coisolQ.- Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of hypothalamus is the biological clock responsible for diurnal (circadian) rhythm of ACTH, which intum leads to diurnal rhythm of coisol (glucocoicoid) secretion. In humans, ACTH irregular bursts (episodes of high secretion) are most frequent in early morning and least frequent in the evening. Increased ACTH secretion is not d/t stress of getting up in the morning as these bursts occur before waking up. Even if the length of day is experimentally lengthened to >24 hrs ie if the person is isolated and day's activities are spread over more than 24h, the adrenal cycle also lengthens, but the ACTH burst still occurs during period of sleep. The circadian rhythm of ACTH secretion is present in patients Eosinophil with adrenal insufficiency receiving constant dose of glucocoicoids.- Coisol decrease the number of circulating eosinophils by increasing their sequestration in the spleen & lung. So the diurnal variations in blood eosinophilic counts is inversely related to the circadian coisol levelsQ. The eosinophilic concentration in blood is < 450 / mL usually. A reciprocal relationship to plasma coisol, causes the diurnal eosinophilic concentrations to vary -- 2 fold (40%) with eosinophilic count lowest in morning and peaking in evening. | Physiology | null | [
"thyroxine"
] | 153,236 |
d1124333-1133-4e38-b780-4b246a38e78d | The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is effective against which of the following oppounistic infections in the AIDS patient? | Disseminated Herpes simplex | Cryptococcal meningitis | Pneumocystis jiroveci | Tuberculosis | 2c
| single | Cotrimoxazole is drug of choice for : - Pneumocystis- Nocardia- Burkholderia Cepacia Both sulfonamide and trimethoprime are bacteriostatic when used alone, it becomes bacteriocidal in combine state. Cotrimoxazole is used as a prophylaxis for Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals like HIV. Aerolized pentamidine, Dapsone, Dapsone plus pyrimethamine, Atovoquone are other drugs which can be used for the same also. Herpes Simplex: DOC is Acyclovir Cryptococcal meningitis: Acute phase: amphotericin BMaintenance phase: Fluconazole Suldoxime + Pyrimethamine is used for parasite(malaria and toxoplasmosis) | Pharmacology | Antimicrobial Drugs | [
"trimethoprim"
] | 153,248 |
41f4849f-0f2a-4f36-a3cb-8b972ef65184 | The most important mechanism by which gram negative bacilli acquire chloramphenicol resistance is: | Decreased permeability into the bacterial cell. | Acquisition of a plasmid encoded for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. | Lowered affinity of the bacterial ribosome for chloramphenicol. | Switching over from ribosomal to mitochondrial protein synthesis. | 1b
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"chloramphenicol"
] | 153,255 |
634dc187-97a8-4ea3-8c0f-cc6bec376e93 | Glucagon stimulates - | Gluconeogenesis | Glycogenesis | Fatty acid synthesis | Glycolysis | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Gluconeogenesiso Glucagon is a polypeptide hormone which is secreted by the A cells of the islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Glucagon is a group IIA hormone, i.e., acts by increasing cAMP. The actions of glucagon are somewhat opposite those of insulin.Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver but not in muscle. Breakdown of glycogen yields glucose.Glucagon stimulates production of glucose from amino acids (gluconeogenesis). Both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis tend to raise plasma glucose level.Glucagon stimulates lipolysis. Breakdown of lipids yields free fatty acids, which may be oxidized completely to carbon dioxide, or incompletely to form ketone bodies. | Biochemistry | Gluconeogenesis | [
"glucagon"
] | 153,262 |
2c4cac73-1967-46ae-a586-185549de5c20 | A thiy five year old female has proximal weakness of muscles, ptosis and easy fatigability. The most sensitive test to suggest the diagnosis is. | Muscle Biopsy | CPK levels | Edrophonium test | EMG | 2c
| single | Tensilon test (edrophonium test) is a pharmacological test used for the diagnosis of ceain neural diseases, especially myasthenia gravis. It is also used to distinguish a myasthenic crisis from a cholinergic crisis in individuals undergoing treatment for myasthenia gravis 10 mg edrophonium hydrochloride syringe and a 2 mg atropine syringe are prepared. Atropine is prepared for immediate use in case cholinergic crisis occurs. After a neurologic examination and recording of vital signs, first 2 mg edrophonium is injected intravenously. After waiting 30 seconds and ensuring that no adverse reactions occurred, the remaining 8 mg of edrophonium is also injected. A patient suffering from myasthenia gravis experiences improvement in muscle strength and endurance with repetitive movements, while normal persons do not feel any difference. The effects of edrophonium lasts around 10 minutes. The edrophonium allows accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) in the neuromuscular junctions, and makes more ACh available to the muscle receptors, thereby increasing muscle strength in myasthenia gravis. In newborns, a 0.15 mg/kg edrophonium administered subcutaneously produces a response within 10 minutes. In infants, the drug is administered intravenously at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Improvement of diplopia is often used as an evaluation item because in this case, placebo effect can be excluded Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2456 | Medicine | C.N.S | [
"edrophonium"
] | 153,266 |
4ff9a053-3fd2-49e4-a074-1e40f8b69d30 | Conversion of T4 to T3 inhibition is associated with: | Propylthiouracil | Ampicillin | Lithium | Carbimazole | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"ampicillin"
] | 153,267 |
0509c262-7ed2-4223-89ef-adca1e7eb11f | Long term steroid therapy can lead to suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. lt can be overcome by using alternate day therapy with coicosteroids. Which of the following steroids are unsuitable for alternate day therapy for such purpose? | Coisol | Prednisolone | Betamethasone | Hydrocoisone | 2c
| single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p282, 287) Steroids with long half life like betamethasone and dexamethasone cannot be used for alternate day therapy because even in alternate day therapy there will be sufficient blood levels of these steroids to cause suppression of HPA axis. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"prednisolone"
] | 153,269 |
14ad74a2-ffe5-4ada-984c-a9a04a48344d | All of the following are cycloplegics except : | Phenylephrine | Atropine | Homatropine | Cocaine | 0a
| multi | A i.e. Phenylephrine | Ophthalmology | null | [
"atropine",
"phenylephrine"
] | 153,276 |
66833a4b-5449-4e63-a225-149169a0c253 | Intrauterine seizure in foetus is seen due to deficiency of | Biotin | Riboflavin | Thiamine | Glutamic acid | 3d
| single | (D) Glutamic acid | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Obs) | [
"biotin"
] | 153,294 |
4fb87cb9-e163-4dda-a42a-205df8ad21c0 | A previously well 1-year-old infant has had a runny nose and has been sneezing and coughing for 2 days. Two other members of the family had similar symptoms. Four hours ago, his cough became much worse. On physical examination in the ED, he is in moderate respiratory distress with tachypnea and nasal flaring. Upon auscultation, he has easily audible wheezing with scattered crackles bilaterally. His arterial blood gas on room air revealed a pH of 7.46, a PaCO2 of 34 mm Hg, and a PaO2 of 75 mm Hg. His chest radiographs are shown. Which of the following is the appropriate next course of action? | Monitoring oxygenation and fluid status | Inhaled epinephrine and a single dose of steroids | Acute-acting bronchodilators and a short course of oral steroids | Emergent intubation, mechanical ventilation, and antibiotics | 0a
| multi | (a) Source: (Hay et al, pp 512-513. Kliegman et al, pp 1456-1459. McMillan et al, pp 699-700, 1391-1394. Rudolph et al, pp 962, 963, 966.) Of the choices given and with the findings on the radiograph (patchy infiltrates with flat diaphragms), monitoring oxygenation and hydration status is the most appropriate course of action as bronchiolitis is the most likely diagnosis. Bronchodilators and a short course of steroids are treatments for asthma, a less likely diagnosis in this patient without previous wheezing episodes and without a family history of atopy. A single dose of short-acting b-agonist might be tried in this patient but would be expected to be of limited benefit. A single dose of steroids would be an appropriate treatment for viral croup; intubation and antibiotics would be the approach to a patient with epiglottitis. Chest tube placement for a pneumothorax may be required if unilateral breath sounds were absent or if the radiograph demonstrated collapse; neither is noted in this case. The most likely cause of the illness is infection by respiratory syncytial virus, which causes outbreaks of bronchiolitis of varying severity, usually in the winter and spring. Other viruses, such as parainfluenza and the adeno-viruses, have also been implicated in producing bronchiolitis. Treatment is generally supportive in this usually self-limited condition. | Pediatrics | Respiratory System | [
"epinephrine"
] | 153,296 |
876ea082-20c5-4c4a-a55b-6d4e7e937a6c | A 6 year old boy taken for ophthalmic examination under anaesthesia. His father told that he has lower limb weakness & his elder brother died at 14 years of age. Which anaesthetic drug has to be avoided. | Succinylcholine | Pancuronium | Atracurium | Dexacurium | 0a
| single | ROLE OF SUCCINYLCHOLINE ON MUSCLES * Succinylcholine, commonly used in anesthesia, paralyzes normal skeletal muscles by blocking transmission at the myoneural junction | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants | [
"atracurium",
"pancuronium"
] | 153,321 |
fc9701b5-edfa-43ea-a9ee-67d4ec582723 | Hepatotoxic drug used in tuberculosis is ? | Isoniazid | Streptomycin | Kanamycin | Ethambutol | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Isoniazid | Pharmacology | null | [
"ethambutol",
"isoniazid"
] | 153,340 |
0c495cec-4b48-43d4-82e3-a3b9b750cdb1 | Juxta glamerular cells secretes | Angiotensin | Renin | Atrial natriuretic peptide | Erythropoietin | 1b
| single | i.e. (Renin): (670-Ganong 23rd)RENIN - is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the granular cells (Juxtaglomerular cells) of the Juxta glomerular apparatus.* Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) lies at hilum of glomerulus** (Juxta means near)Secretion of renin is stimulated by four factors1. Fall in arterial blood pressure2. Reduction in the volume of extracellular fluid3. Increased sympathetic activity4. Decreased load of sodium and chloride in macula densaATRIAL - NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE : secreted by atrial musculature of the heart*** ANP increases excretion of sodium ions through urine (natriuresis)* ANP causes dilatation of vessels (vasodilation) and lowering blood pressure* ANP is responsible for escape phenomenon and prevention of edema in primary hyperaldosteronism in spite of increased volume of ECFERYTHROPOIETIN is secreted by interstitial cells in the peritubular capillary bed of kidney (85%) and by perivenous hepatocytes in the liver (15%)The principal site of inactivation of erythropoietin is the liverANGIOTENSINOGEN - synthesized in the liver*Its circulating level is increased by glucocorticoids thyroid hormones, estrogen, several cytokines and angiotensin II | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids | [
"erythropoietin"
] | 153,344 |
d45e81ad-fb19-46a7-bc31-1c17ff9e7df9 | A 14 year old boy presents with chronic diarrhea. Duodenal biopsy shows villous atrophy. Anti endomysial antibodies and IgA TTG antibodies are positive. What is the treatment of choice? | Gluten free diet | Antibiotics | Loperamide | 5-ASA | 0a
| single | Chronic diarrhea, villous atrophy of duodenal biopsy, anti-endomysial antibodies and IgA TTG antibodies are features of coeliac sprue. Management of coeliac sprue includes life long gluten free diet and correcting deficiencies of iron, folate and calcium. Ref: Davidson's principles and practice of Medicine, 20th Edition, Chapter 22, Page 894-896; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, Page 1772 | Medicine | null | [
"loperamide"
] | 153,355 |
29705e2a-d5c0-4057-ab54-5bb5ebdc6b9e | Which of the following is not used as an emergency contraceptive? | Oral LNG | LNG- Intrauterine device | CuT-Intrauterine device | Oral Mifepristone | 1b
| single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | [
"mifepristone"
] | 153,357 |
e58c4709-69e9-4dc4-afea-72b4921df0ae | All of the following drug is CYP3A inhibitor except: | Erythromycin | Itraconazole | Ritonavir | Saquinavir | 3d
| multi | Ans. D. SaquinavirOut of all protease inhibitors, Saquinavir has least effect on hepatic microsomal enzymes. Rest of the protease inhibitors inhibit microsomal enzymesImportant enzymes inhibitors:a. Acute alcohol intakeb. Sodium valproatec. Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Erythromycind. Grape fruit juicee. Protease inhibitors (Pls)f. Fluoroquinolonesg. Omeprazole | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | [
"erythromycin",
"itraconazole",
"ritonavir",
"saquinavir"
] | 153,378 |
c0f69e40-9b3e-4d55-9cf3-3bdb6614343e | Drug of choice in Belladonna poisoning is - | Neostigmine | Physostigmine | Methacholine | Atropine | 1b
| single | Signs of symptoms, treatment, and postmortem appearances in Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) and Hyoscyamus niger are same as datura.
Specific antidote is physostigmine. | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"atropine",
"neostigmine",
"physostigmine"
] | 153,385 |
e33b8ae1-03ea-4269-9965-f3705bbcea53 | Tolerance develops to following actions of Morphine except | Euphoria | Miosis | Nausea and vomiting | Analgesia | 1b
| multi | "Tolerance develops to almost all actions of morphine except the constipation and miotic action". | Pharmacology | All India exam | [
"morphine"
] | 153,390 |
3b2f768b-6af1-44c0-b4cd-057dd34cedeb | Nimodipine is given in: | Extradural hemorrhage | Subdural hemorrhage | Intracerebral | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 3d
| single | Ans. (D) Subarachnoid hemorrhage(Ref: Katzung 13th/e p202)Nimodipine is a cerebroselective calcium channel blocker indicated in subarachnoid hemorrhage. | Pharmacology | C.V.S | [
"nimodipine"
] | 153,402 |
b7e3e8c9-a426-4170-a436-a430cc771888 | Digoxin toxicity is aggravated by: a) Hypokalemia b) Hyperkalernia c) Hypercalcemia d) Hypermagnesemia e) Hypocalcemia | ad | bc | cd | ac | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"digoxin"
] | 153,408 |
8130fa36-4eab-4679-bb02-bb148c3d7f3a | Which of the following local anaesthetic agent is a vasoconstrictor | Lignocaine | Cocaine | Bupivacaine | Tetracaine | 1b
| single | Cocaine is sympathomimetic agent. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"bupivacaine"
] | 153,413 |
7d8876aa-da72-4dda-8dcb-98265a57bb9d | This drug depolarizer cell membranes of aerobic Gram Positive Bacteria. It is effective against vancomycin resistance entercoccal infection. It may cause myopathy especially in patients taking stating .it is | Teicoplann | Daptomycin | Linezolid | Streptogramin | 1b
| multi | (Ref: KDT 6/e p741, Daptomvcin is a newer antibiotic that acts by causing depolarization.of bacterial cell membranes. It is effective in MRSA, VRSA and even streptogramin resistant SA infections as well as VRE infections. It can cause myopathy in patients taking statins. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"daptomycin",
"linezolid",
"vancomycin"
] | 153,417 |
68b5ffd7-98ce-4e67-a2b0-ccc67f53a001 | A patient on antidepressant therapy developed sudden hypeension on consuming cheese. The antidepressant is possibly : | Amitryptiline | Tranylcypromine | Fluoxetine | Seraline | 1b
| single | B i.e. Tranylcypromine | Psychiatry | null | [
"fluoxetine"
] | 153,425 |
37e12b3d-8acc-4f11-823e-02397b6ea3e0 | Which of the following is not a side effect of phenytoin? | Hypoglycemia | Osteomalacia | Gum hyperophy | Lymphadenopathy | 0a
| single | Side Effects. Headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, feeling of spinning, drowsiness, trouble sleeping, or nervousness may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Phenytoin may cause swelling and bleeding of the gums Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | [
"phenytoin"
] | 153,431 |
7d29cf86-9fad-4c70-8236-79da70c4b410 | Malignant neurolept hyperthermia (NMS) seen in all except - | Haloperidol | Metoclopramide | Domperidone | Amantadine | 3d
| multi | Amantidine is used for the treatment of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Drugs causing neuroleptic malignant syndrome:-
Antipsychotics Phenothiazines (chlorpromazine), butyrophenones (Haloperidol, penfluridol), thioxanthenes (thiothixene, molindone).
Antiemitics Metoclopramide, domperidone. | Psychiatry | null | [
"amantadine",
"metoclopramide"
] | 153,467 |
fa7c69f4-eda7-4536-8f78-005a9f4e8d69 | All of the following statements about trientine use in Wilson's disease are true except : | It is more potent than penicillamine. | It is used as an alternative to penicillamine in non- tolerant patients | It should not be administered within 2 hours of iron supplementation. | It can cause iron def anemia which is reversible by oral iron supplements | 0a
| multi | Penicillamine is the most potent chelating agent useful in Wilson's disease.
Trientine is not as potent as penicillamine and was used in patients unable to tolerate penicillamine. However, nowadays, trientine is preferred because of the severe adverse effects of penicillamine.
Trientine causes fewer adverse effects other than mild anemia due to iron deficiency in few patients.
Concomitant administration with iron reduces absorption of both. Thus a minimum gap of two hours should be given between the administration of trientine and iron salts. | Pharmacology | null | [
"penicillamine"
] | 153,481 |
0fc0caee-7c8b-4ba0-8676-651a9b8578f3 | The first step in the management of hirsutism due to Stein-Leventhal syndrome is: | OCP | HMG | Spironolactone | Bromocriptine | 0a
| multi | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"spironolactone",
"bromocriptine"
] | 153,501 |
5cd0fb73-9be7-4c1e-b165-0be05411f779 | All of the following antihypertensive drugs increase plasma renin activity except: | Clonidine | Hydralazine | Nifedipine | Captopril | 0a
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"captopril",
"hydralazine",
"nifedipine",
"clonidine"
] | 153,511 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.