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91b5e145-57f2-5307-99e4-eafd75643de4 | 4 | C | 1 | The concentration of a specific gas in solution depends on which of the following? | Temperature of the solution | Volume of the system | Solubility of the specific gas in that solution | Molecular weight of the gas | 溶液中某特定气体的浓度取决于以下哪项？ | 溶液的温度 | 系统的体积 | 该气体在溶液中的溶解度 | 气体的分子量 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
7b7f7b61-6bd1-500b-bfa7-dcef7ae8a213 | 4 | A | 1 | Which of the following statements is true about the partial pressure of a gas at equilibrium? | Directly proportional to its concentration of gas in solution | Inversely proportional to its concentration of gas in solution | Less than its concentration of gas in solution | Greater than its concentration of gas in solution | 关于气体在平衡时的分压，下列哪项陈述是正确的？ | 与溶液中气体的浓度成正比 | 与溶液中气体的浓度成反比 | 小于溶液中气体的浓度 | 大于溶液中气体的浓度 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
dd9833d1-8058-5dfc-a9d8-962d9f4c4590 | 4 | A | 1 | A vaporizer is mishandled and accidentally tipped on its side. Which of the following is the best course of action to take? | Run high fresh gas flows with the dial set to a high concentration for 30 minutes. | Run high fresh gas flows with the dial set to a low concentration for 30 minutes. | Run low fresh gas flows with the dial set to a low concentration for 30 minutes. | Run low fresh gas flows with the dial set to a high concentration for 30 minutes. | 一个蒸发器被误操作并意外倾倒在一侧。以下哪项是最佳的处理措施？ | 将新鲜气体流量调高，并将刻度盘设置为高浓度，运行30分钟。 | 将新鲜气体流量调高，并将刻度盘设置为低浓度，运行30分钟。 | 将新鲜气体流量调低，并将刻度盘设置为低浓度，运行30分钟。 | 将新鲜气体流量调低，并将刻度盘设置为高浓度，运行30分钟。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
973f2910-489a-5526-9d89-4bc72a61abd5 | 4 | D | 2 | Which of the following would increase the output concentration of a volatile anesthetic from a vaporizer? | Fresh gas flow rate of 100 mL/min | Fresh gas flow rate of 20 L/min | Decreased operating room temperature | Significantly increasing the ratio of oxygen to nitrous oxide | 以下哪项会增加挥发性麻醉剂从蒸发器输出的浓度？ | 新鲜气体流速为100 mL/min | 新鲜气体流速为20 L/min | 手术室温度降低 | 显著增加氧气与氧化亚氮的比例 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
b06f7854-4598-50c5-b336-2e7aa2245657 | 4 | C | 2 | To decrease temperature fluctuations while delivering an anesthetic agent, manufacturers seek to use vaporizer materials that have which of the following properties? | Low specific heat, high thermal conductivity | Low specific heat, low thermal conductivity | High specific heat, high thermal conductivity | High specific heat, low thermal conductivity | 为了减少在输送麻醉剂时的温度波动，制造商寻求使用具有以下哪些特性的蒸发器材料？ | 低比热，高导热性 | 低比热，低导热性 | 高比热，高导热性 | 高比热，低导热性 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
32890c9f-ed1d-53a6-a2bb-7aa6f8d1863c | 4 | C | 2 | 6. A portable E-cylinder of oxygen has 1760 psig. In approximately what time frame will the cylinder be depleted if used at 8 L/min? | 30 minutes | 45 minutes | 60 minutes | 85 minutes | 6. 一个便携式氧气E型钢瓶的压力为1760 psig。如果以8 L/min的速度使用，大约在什么时间范围内钢瓶会耗尽？ | 30分钟 | 45分钟 | 60分钟 | 85分钟 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
02200767-785c-5405-811c-45402a212a8c | 4 | B | 1 | Which of the following statements defines the critical temperature? | The temperature at which a liquid will boil | The highest temperature at which a gas can exist in liquid form | The temperature at which a substance can exist as a gas or liquid | The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid | 以下哪项陈述定义了临界温度？ | 液体沸腾的温度 | 气体可以以液态存在的最高温度 | 物质可以以气态或液态存在的温度 | 固体变为液体的温度 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
3ed86ad8-b15d-5ffb-8627-58d0fc19307e | 4 | A | 1 | Which of the following describes the partial pressure of inhaled anesthetics in the central nervous system (CNS), blood, and alveoli at equilibrium? | CNS partial pressure (PCNS) = blood partial pressure (Pblood) = alveolar partial pressure (Palveolar) | PCNS > Pblood = Palveolar | PCNS < Pblood = Palveolar | PCNS = Pblood < Palveolar | 下列哪项描述了吸入麻醉剂在中枢神经系统（CNS）、血液和肺泡中的分压在平衡时的情况？ | CNS分压（PCNS）= 血液分压（Pblood）= 肺泡分压（Palveolar） | PCNS > Pblood = Palveolar | PCNS < Pblood = Palveolar | PCNS = Pblood < Palveolar | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
56cca7ab-f77c-55dd-a356-be20fb69494d | 4 | D | 2 | Which of the following would increase the rate of rise of Fa/Fi? | A high blood:gas solubility | A high cardiac output | A low minute ventilation | A high anesthetic concentration | 下列哪项会增加Fa/Fi的上升速率？ | 高血气溶解度 | 高心输出量 | 低分钟通气量 | 高麻醉药浓度 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
5d35be6f-8e8f-57d8-9970-401c6ab6dbde | 4 | C | 1 | After an 8-hour general anesthetic case with volatile agents, which tissue group plays the greatest role in determining emergence time? | Vessel-rich tissue | Muscle | Fat | Each is equal | 在使用挥发性药物进行8小时的全身麻醉后，哪个组织群在决定苏醒时间方面起到最大的作用？ | 富血管组织 | 肌肉 | 脂肪 | 各自相等 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
9c871117-866d-5180-b574-9d5a76869d09 | 4 | B | 1 | Which of the following is the purpose of the check valve on the anesthesia machine? | To prevent hypoxic gas mixtures | To prevent gas flow from the common gas outlet to the vaporizers | To prevent overly high flows of oxygen | To ensure adequate ratios of oxygen to nitrogen | 以下哪项是麻醉机上止回阀的作用？ | 防止低氧气体混合物 | 防止气体从公共气体出口流向蒸发器 | 防止氧气流量过高 | 确保氧气与氮气的比例适当 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
153813d4-2c91-58f1-b2a9-bbc97b09b3c7 | 4 | D | 2 | Which of the following flowmeter arrangements would be the most likely to lead to a hypoxic gas mixture? | N2O, Air, O2 | Air, N2O, O2 | N2O, O2 , Air | O2 , Air, N2O | 以下哪种流量计排列最有可能导致低氧气体混合物？ | N2O, 空气, O2 | 空气, N2O, O2 | N2O, O2, 空气 | O2, 空气, N2O | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
63ae411c-c39b-5859-b15b-ae5a462a8de0 | 4 | B | 1 | Standards for basic anesthetic monitoring during general anesthesia include which of the following? | Continuous display of MAC | Continuous display of electrocardiogram | Continuous display of tidal volume | Continuous display of temperature | 全身麻醉期间基本麻醉监测标准包括以下哪项？ | 持续显示MAC | 持续显示心电图 | 持续显示潮气量 | 持续显示体温 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
a6682a0f-c8d7-5a35-82af-6d86b6745c8b | 4 | D | 1 | 14. Which of the following would cause an abrupt decrease in the end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2 ) during general anesthesia? | Hyperthermia | Sepsis | Shivering | Pulmonary embolism | 14. 以下哪项会导致全身麻醉期间呼气末二氧化碳（ETCO2）突然下降？ | 高热 | 败血症 | 发抖 | 肺栓塞 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
7b01c1e5-3864-5353-ac9a-c8cf239784f1 | 4 | A | 1 | To mitigate the effects of attenuation during ultrasonography, an anesthesiologist would perform which of the following maneuvers? | Use a low-frequency signal. | Use a high-frequency signal. | Increase the amplitude. | Decrease the amplitude. | 为了减轻超声检查期间的衰减效应，麻醉医生会执行以下哪种操作？ | 使用低频信号。 | 使用高频信号。 | 增加振幅。 | 减少振幅。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
d2d5b941-ade8-5cda-bc81-f8f75ee3fff0 | 4 | D | 1 | To maximize the axial resolution of an ultrasound image, an anesthesiologist would use which of the following? | Long pulses of low frequency | Long pulses of high frequency | Short pulses of low frequency | Short pulses of high frequency | 为了最大化超声图像的轴向分辨率，麻醉医生会使用以下哪种方法？ | 低频长脉冲 | 高频长脉冲 | 低频短脉冲 | 高频短脉冲 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
f75f92fb-09ee-5221-ad78-a45b9843aa66 | 4 | B | 1 | Flow proportioning systems of anesthesia machines were designed to prevent which of the following? | Inconsistent proportions of volatile anesthetic gases | Hypoxic mixtures of nitrogen and oxygen | Inaccurate proportions of gas flow to the common gas outlet | Direct communication between the high-pressure and low-pressure circuits | 麻醉机的流量比例系统设计是为了防止以下哪种情况？ | 挥发性麻醉气体比例不一致 | 氮气和氧气的低氧混合物 | 气体流向公共气体出口的比例不准确 | 高压回路和低压回路之间的直接通信 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
5e0e2fcf-3cbd-524e-b668-2227f04235dd | 4 | C | 1 | Which of the following devices prevents the delivery of a hypoxic mixture by ensuring appropriate connections from the hospitals' pipeline gas supply to the anesthesia machine? | Second-stage oxygen pressure regulator | Pin Index Safety System | Diameter Index Safety System | Check valve | 以下哪种装置通过确保医院管道气体供应与麻醉机的适当连接来防止低氧混合物的输送？ | 二级氧气压力调节器 | 针式索引安全系统 | 直径索引安全系统 | 止回阀 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
3ef1ad1f-0ac0-5a9b-86db-276712ae597a | 4 | C | 1 | An isolated power system (IPS) acts to prevent which of the following situations? | Prevention of operating room power loss | Prevention of an ungrounded operating room | Prevention of macroshock | Prevention of microshock | 隔离电源系统（IPS）用于防止以下哪种情况？ | 防止手术室断电 | 防止手术室未接地 | 防止宏电击 | 防止微电击 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
1694adaa-ae5d-585d-a9fa-8e6e2ecb6a1d | 4 | D | 1 | All of the following are functions of the equipment ground wire EXCEPT which one? | Provides a low-resistance path for fault currents to decrease the risk of macroshock. | Minimizes leakage currents that may cause microshock in certain patients. | Provides information to the line isolation monitor on the status of an ungroundedsystem. | Acts to eliminate the need for ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs). | 以下所有选项均为设备接地线的功能，除了哪一个？ | 为故障电流提供低阻抗路径，以降低宏观电击的风险。 | 减少可能在某些患者中引起微电击的漏电流。 | 向线路隔离监测器提供有关未接地系统状态的信息。 | 作用是消除对接地故障断路器（GFCI）的需求。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
395ec59d-53f2-53ef-a6f1-bd06e381a35a | 4 | D | 1 | When preparing to place a thoracic epidural, you palpate the inferior border of the scapula. This landmark corresponds to which level of the vertebral column? | C7-T1 | T4-T6 | T10-T11 | T7-T8 | 在准备放置胸椎硬膜外导管时，你触摸到肩胛骨的下缘。这个标志对应于脊柱的哪个水平？ | C7-T1 | T4-T6 | T10-T11 | T7-T8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
b0bdc414-3df4-5a76-82a9-402dc61685c9 | 4 | C | 1 | Assuming normal anatomy, which of the following landmarks is appropriate for gaining subclavian venous access? | Needle insertion medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, just medial to the carotid artery | Needle insertion above the inguinal ligament, lateral to the femoral artery | Needle insertion at the midpoint of the clavicle with the needle directed toward the suprasternal notch | Needle insertion at the lateral border of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the interscalene groove | 假设解剖结构正常，以下哪个标志适合获得锁骨下静脉通路？ | 针头插入胸锁乳突肌内侧，颈动脉内侧 | 针头插入腹股沟韧带上方，股动脉外侧 | 针头插入锁骨中点，针头指向胸骨上切迹 | 针头插入胸锁乳突肌锁骨头外侧缘，在斜角肌间沟内 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
85e6ea56-9a47-55c0-be3a-525ce8ca3849 | 4 | C | 1 | While providing anesthesia for a 15-month-old, 5-kg girl undergoing strabismus surgery, you notice that the patient suddenly becomes hypotensive and bradycardic while the surgeons are applying direct pressure to the globe. Despite release of pressure, the patient continues to be hypotensive and bradycardic. After treatment with atropine, the patient becomes normotensive | CN VII | CN VI | CN V | CN III | 在为一名15个月大、5公斤的女孩进行斜视手术提供麻醉时，你注意到在外科医生对眼球施加直接压力时，患者突然出现低血压和心动过缓。尽管压力已解除，患者仍然低血压和心动过缓。经过阿托品治疗后，患者恢复正常血压。以下哪个颅神经最可能与这种反应有关？ | CN VII | CN VI | CN V | CN III | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
1bb76e22-6dbf-5b17-bbdf-0e6cde9f9440 | 4 | A | 1 | Which of the following treatments for glaucoma has been shown to increase the duration of action of succinylcholine? | Echothiophate | Dipivefrin | Betaxolol | Cyclopentolate | 以下哪种青光眼治疗方法已被证明可以延长琥珀胆碱的作用时间？ | 依可酰胺 | 二磷酸腺苷 | 贝他洛尔 | 环戊醇胺 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
fac72e79-03f6-520b-94c2-4c09500cf391 | 4 | C | 1 | 5. The muscles of the larynx are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT which of the following? | Thyroarytenoid | Thyroepiglotticus | Cricothyroid | Transverse arytenoids | 5. 喉部肌肉由喉返神经支配，以下哪个除外？ | 甲杓肌 | 甲状会厌肌 | 环甲肌 | 横杓肌 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
f269a857-d01c-54fc-9dee-79434cd5ac5f | 4 | D | 1 | The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) provides sensory innervation to all of the following structures EXCEPT which one? | Posterior 1/3 of tongue | Rostral epiglottis | Pharynx | Vocal cords | 舌咽神经（CN IX）为以下所有结构提供感觉神经支配，除了哪一个？ | 舌后1/3 | 喉上部会厌 | 咽 | 声带 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
2815d069-33eb-5903-98fd-bba277c9880f | 4 | A | 1 | Which of the following structures would be effectively anesthetized by injection of lidocaine into the anterior tonsillar pillars bilaterally? | Soft palate and oropharynx | Anterior 2/3 of tongue | Hypopharynx | Vocal cords | 将利多卡因注射到双侧前扁桃体柱可以有效麻醉以下哪个结构？ | 软腭和口咽 | 舌的前2/3 | 下咽 | 声带 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
e82630e5-5655-5e26-aceb-4ae986e17222 | 4 | C | 1 | Which of the following structures would be effectively anesthetized by injection of lidocaine inferior to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone? | Recurrent laryngeal nerve | Glossopharyngeal nerve | Superior laryngeal nerve, internal branch | Superior laryngeal nerve, external branch | 以下哪种结构可以通过在舌骨大角下方注射利多卡因有效麻醉？ | 喉返神经 | 舌咽神经 | 喉上神经内支 | 喉上神经外支 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
3a35c4f4-622e-5782-867f-66a4f6360dd2 | 4 | D | 1 | While performing a preoperative assessment of your patient, you note that on recent transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) there was abnormal movement of the inferior wall with increased heart rates, whereas all other portions were noted to move normally. Which of the following arteries most likely has a stenotic lesion? | Posterior descending artery | Left circumflex artery | Left anterior descending artery | Right coronary artery | 在对患者进行术前评估时，您注意到最近的经胸超声心动图（TTE）显示，心率增加时下壁运动异常，而其他部分运动正常。以下哪一条动脉最有可能存在狭窄病变？ | 后降动脉 | 左回旋动脉 | 左前降动脉 | 右冠状动脉 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
fe9576d7-21e1-5104-9404-571502b8ab06 | 4 | C | 1 | The leaflets of the aortic valve are named which of the following? | Anterior and posterior | Anterior, posterior, and septal | Right coronary, left coronary, and noncoronary | Right, left, and anterior | 主动脉瓣的瓣叶被命名为以下哪一项？ | 前叶和后叶 | 前叶、后叶和隔叶 | 右冠状、左冠状和无冠状 | 右叶、左叶和前叶 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
af8092ac-0458-5cdb-9d74-b15e5cd49855 | 4 | B | 1 | The nipple line is at what dermatomal level? | T2 | T4 | T6 | T8 | 乳头线位于哪个皮节水平？ | T2 | T4 | T6 | T8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
d2f697e1-d0dd-59e9-8589-cfe77118d01b | 4 | D | 1 | 12. In regard to the trachea, all of the following are true EXCEPT which one? | Normally half of the trachea is intrathoracic and half is extrathoracic. | Normal tracheal movement in an adult can result in endotracheal movement of 4 cm with neck flexion and extension. | The tracheal rings are located anteriorly. | The trachea is the only part of the bronchial tree that does not participate in gas exchange. | 12. 关于气管，下列哪一项是错误的？ | 正常情况下，气管一半在胸腔内，一半在胸腔外。 | 成人正常的气管运动可导致颈部屈伸时气管内移动4厘米。 | 气管环位于前方。 | 气管是支气管树中唯一不参与气体交换的部分。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
08775008-8a33-5102-8fa0-d6851bb113f9 | 4 | C | 1 | During bronchoscopy, where does the right upper lobe bronchus usually take off? | 5 cm past the carina | Located farther away from the carina than the lingular bronchus on the left | 2.5 cm past the carina | It has little anatomic variation | 在支气管镜检查中，右上叶支气管通常在哪里起始？ | 距隆突5厘米 | 位于比左侧舌叶支气管更远的位置 | 距隆突2.5厘米 | 解剖变异很小 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
9e243fc2-c65a-5125-9b28-60ad4fef2afc | 4 | B | 1 | You are taking care of a 10-month-old boy presenting for bilateral orchiopexy. You plan to perform a caudal block for postoperative pain. All of the following | Posterior superior iliac spines (PSISs) | Sacral ala | Sacral cornu | Sacral hiatus | 您正在照顾一名10个月大的男孩，他因双侧睾丸固定术入院。您计划进行尾部阻滞以缓解术后疼痛。以下所有选项中 | 后上髂棘 (PSISs) | 骶翼 | 骶角 | 骶裂孔 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
736d2755-56de-5381-9dee-0d5c7b69801b | 4 | A | 1 | When performing a single-shot caudal block, you must first pierce through which ligament? | Sacrococcygeal | Sacrotuberous | Sacrospinous | Sacroiliac | 在进行单次骶管阻滞时，您必须首先穿过哪个韧带？ | 骶尾韧带 | 骶结节韧带 | 骶棘韧带 | 骶髂韧带 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
6192c7db-cbfe-5281-9fc2-809ecc0bfaab | 4 | D | 1 | All of the following are true of the femoral triangle EXCEPT which one? | Superior border: formed by the inguinal ligament | Lateral border: formed by the medial border of the sartorius muscle | Medial border: formed by the medial border of the adductor longus muscle | Medial to lateral structures: femoral nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics | 以下关于股三角的描述，除了哪一项外，其他都是正确的？ | 上边界：由腹股沟韧带形成 | 外侧边界：由缝匠肌内侧边界形成 | 内侧边界：由长收肌内侧边界形成 | 从内到外的结构：股神经、动脉、静脉、淋巴管 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
22f45e15-f332-5ee7-b53b-31f00d263e85 | 4 | C | 1 | A fracture of the proximal humerus can result in all of the following EXCEPT which one? | Inability to abduct the arm at the shoulder | Decreased sensation over the shoulder | Wrist drop | Atrophy of shoulder muscles | 肱骨近端骨折可能导致以下所有情况，除了哪一个？ | 无法在肩部外展手臂 | 肩部感觉减退 | 腕下垂 | 肩部肌肉萎缩 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
6a4e87ba-ca75-5fec-bc7c-72be52fc70c9 | 4 | C | 1 | What is the anatomic location of the cords of the brachial plexus? | Above the clavicle, at the lateral border of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle | At the clavicle, lateral to the subclavian artery | Below the clavicle, closely related to the axillary artery | Below the clavicle, closely related to the axillary vein | 臂丛神经束的位置在哪里？ | 在锁骨上方，位于胸锁乳突肌锁骨头的外侧边缘 | 在锁骨处，位于锁骨下动脉的外侧 | 在锁骨下方，与腋动脉紧密相关 | 在锁骨下方，与腋静脉紧密相关 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
923b60a5-ccbe-5da1-92ff-37743121ba9f | 4 | B | 1 | 19. You are taking care of a 27-year-old G3P2 woman for whom you placed an epidural in early labor. Her labor has progressed slowly and she has been pushing for many hours. She ultimately has an unremarkable vaginal delivery of a health baby boy. The epidural is removed post delivery and she is eventually sent to the floor. During postdelivery rounds the next day, the patient complains of continued numbness on the anterolateral aspect of her thighs | Obturator nerve | Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve | Femoral nerve | Sciatic nerve | 19. 您正在照顾一位27岁的G3P2女性，她在早期分娩时接受了硬膜外麻醉。她的分娩进展缓慢，已经推了很多小时。最终，她顺利地阴道分娩了一个健康的男婴。分娩后，硬膜外麻醉被移除，她最终被送到病房。第二天的产后查房时，患者抱怨大腿前外侧持续麻木 | 闭孔神经 | 股外侧皮神经 | 股神经 | 坐骨神经 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
cf7c7a94-baf5-5694-a608-a9418004cccc | 4 | C | 2 | While in preparation for placement of a central line, you perform ultrasonography on the patient's neck and notice the internal jugular vein (IJV) overlying the common carotid artery. Which of the following maneuvers will aid in decreasing the overlap between the IJV and the common carotid artery? | Neck flexion | Trendelenburg position | Rotation of head 0°-45° to contralateral side | Ultrasound probe placement toward clavicle | 在准备放置中心静脉导管时，您对患者的颈部进行超声检查，发现颈内静脉（IJV）位于颈总动脉上方。以下哪种操作有助于减少IJV与颈总动脉之间的重叠？ | 颈部屈曲 | 特伦德伦堡体位 | 头部旋转0°-45°至对侧 | 超声探头朝锁骨方向放置 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
09fc3a23-8f56-5191-8781-bfae88b876e9 | 4 | D | 2 | After performing an interscalene block, your patient complains of pain in his fourth and fifth digits. Which dermatomes are not adequately covered with an interscalene block? | C5-C6 | C6-C7 | C7-C8 | C8-T1 | 在进行斜角肌间隙阻滞后，您的患者抱怨他的第四和第五指疼痛。哪些皮节没有被斜角肌间隙阻滞充分覆盖？ | C5-C6 | C6-C7 | C7-C8 | C8-T1 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
d3ff6708-11e5-58a5-b377-a2448ca5bd40 | 5 | A | 1 | During neuraxial blockade, the level of sympathetic blockade is generally how far away from the sensory level? | 1-2 dermatomes above | 4-6 dermatomes above | 1-2 dermatomes below | 4-6 dermatomes below | 在神经轴阻滞期间，交感神经阻滞的水平通常与感觉水平相差多远？ | 高出1-2个皮节 | 高出4-6个皮节 | 低于1-2个皮节 | 低于4-6个皮节 | 0 dermatome change | 无皮节变化 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
29606f86-158c-5a24-86de-a1343e2ee011 | 5 | B | 1 | During neuraxial blockade, the level of sensory blockade, in general, is how many dermatomes away from the level of motor blockade? | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 在神经轴阻滞期间，感觉阻滞的水平通常与运动阻滞的水平相差多少个皮节？ | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
865af3ff-862c-5a85-9ef5-0c0cfc6b101d | 4 | D | 1 | Cutaneous infiltration of a local anesthetic to block the intercostobrachial nerve provides anesthesia to which dermatome(s)? | C7 | C8 | T1 | T2 | 局部麻醉药的皮肤浸润阻断肋间臂神经可为哪个皮节提供麻醉？ | C7 | C8 | T1 | T2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
35c554b2-cd69-5675-ba31-099039e4d867 | 4 | C | 1 | 5. Each respiratory center is correctly paired with its function EXCEPT which one of the following? | Dorsal respiratory center: provides ventilatory rate | Ventral respiratory center: coordinates exhalation | Apneustic center: prolongs exhalation via signals to ventral respiratory center | Pneumotaxic center: limits inspiration | 5. 每个呼吸中枢都与其功能正确配对，除了以下哪一个？ | 背侧呼吸中枢：提供通气频率 | 腹侧呼吸中枢：协调呼气 | 长吸中枢：通过信号传递给腹侧呼吸中枢来延长呼气 | 呼吸调节中枢：限制吸气 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
2032b2c8-3eb2-54e0-8797-08534577715a | 4 | D | 1 | All of the following are examples of reflex or higher cortical structures that exert an influence on the respiratory centers/control of respiration EXCEPT which one? | Cough reflex | Hering-Breuer reflex | Reticular activating system | Bezold-Jarisch reflex | 以下所有选项都是对呼吸中枢/呼吸控制产生影响的反射或高级皮层结构的例子，除了哪一个？ | 咳嗽反射 | Hering-Breuer反射 | 网状激活系统 | Bezold-Jarisch反射 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
97f809bf-a993-5342-9831-e9a9eae6485c | 4 | B | 1 | Carotid body chemoreceptors communicate with the respiratory centers via which nerve? | Trigeminal | Glossopharyngeal | Vagus | Hypoglossal | 颈动脉体化学感受器通过哪条神经与呼吸中枢沟通？ | 三叉神经 | 舌咽神经 | 迷走神经 | 舌下神经 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
6995bf51-9581-51f7-ab1c-33b79e791702 | 5 | C | 1 | An infarct involving the hypothalamus would most likely result from occlusion of which artery? | Anterior spinal artery | Vertebral artery | Anterior cerebral artery | Middle cerebral artery | 下丘脑梗死最可能由哪条动脉闭塞引起？ | 前脊髓动脉 | 椎动脉 | 前大脑动脉 | 中大脑动脉 | Posterior cerebral artery | 后大脑动脉 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
74bd2e46-7993-5c35-9e9b-1a7f20d47e08 | 5 | D | 1 | Regarding the gray matter in the spinal cord, all of the following are correct EXCEPT which one? | Consists of neurons, neuronal processes, and neuroglia | Butterfly or H-shaped | Categorized into columns and laminae | Ratio of gray to white matter is least at the cervical and lumbar regions | 关于脊髓中的灰质，以下哪一项是错误的？ | 由神经元、神经元过程和神经胶质组成 | 呈蝴蝶形或H形 | 分为柱和层 | 灰质与白质的比例在颈部和腰部区域最小 | Each of the 10 Rexed laminae involved in sensory or motor pathways | 10个Rexed层中的每一个都参与感觉或运动通路 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
126a46d7-fa30-512a-b2c3-cbef3adde1c6 | 4 | A | 1 | Which of the following pathways carries fibers that control fine touch, vibration, proprioception, and pressure? | Dorsal column | Spinothalamic | Corticospinal | Reticulospinal | 下列哪条通路携带控制精细触觉、振动、本体感觉和压力的纤维？ | 背柱 | 脊髓丘脑 | 皮质脊髓 | 网状脊髓 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
f30de17e-a6e8-520d-b339-f3b2cba25d6a | 4 | B | 1 | All of the following are true regarding the descending motor tracts EXCEPT which one? | They originate in either the cerebral cortex or brainstem. | The pathways are generally made of a two-neuron system. | The upper motor neuron fibers target lower motor neurons of the spinal cord or cranial nerves. | They are involved in assisting with voluntary movement. | 以下关于下行运动束的描述，除了哪一项外，其他都是正确的？ | 它们起源于大脑皮层或脑干。 | 这些通路通常由一个两神经元系统组成。 | 上运动神经元纤维以脊髓或脑神经的下运动神经元为目标。 | 它们参与协助自愿运动。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
e5e45454-6538-59cb-97e4-19d6427552e5 | 4 | B | 1 | 12. Which of the following pathways carries fibers that are involved in pain and temperature sensation? | Dorsal column | Spinothalamic | Corticospinal | Reticulospinal | 12. 下列哪条通路携带与疼痛和温度感觉相关的纤维？ | 背柱 | 脊髓丘脑 | 皮质脊髓 | 网状脊髓 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
a6820714-00fb-546c-a5d2-248f8903545a | 4 | D | 1 | The main functions of the meninges include all of the following EXCEPT which one? | Protecting the brain and spinal cord from mechanical injury | Providing blood supply to the skull and to the hemispheres | Providing a space for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Producing cerebral spinal fluid | 脑膜的主要功能包括以下所有选项，除了哪一个？ | 保护大脑和脊髓免受机械损伤 | 为颅骨和大脑半球提供血液供应 | 为脑脊液（CSF）的流动提供空间 | 产生脑脊液 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
a1a6eb22-5b13-59e8-8642-763fb60c9dd4 | 4 | A | 1 | Which layer of the meninges is pain sensitive? | Dura | Pia | Arachnoid | Subarachnoid | 哪一层脑膜对疼痛敏感？ | 硬脑膜 | 软脑膜 | 蛛网膜 | 蛛网膜下腔 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
570c8fe6-c573-5d23-9a4e-6dcf2e55b832 | 4 | B | 1 | What is the potential space between the arachnoid and pia mater? | Epidural | Subarachnoid | Subdural | Arachnoid | 蛛网膜和软脑膜之间的潜在空间是什么？ | 硬膜外 | 蛛网膜下腔 | 硬膜下 | 蛛网膜 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
e3235d11-f2ab-552a-a6ce-d074d45645a6 | 4 | C | 1 | What is the potential space between the dura and arachnoid mater? | Epidural | Subarachnoid | Subdural | Arachnoid | 硬膜和蛛网膜之间的潜在空间是什么？ | 硬膜外 | 蛛网膜下腔 | 硬膜下 | 蛛网膜 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
c8d76b17-7cda-5d99-b7f0-98204bf38a06 | 4 | D | 1 | Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), in the absence of intracranial pathology, is MOST closely correlated with which parameter? | Intracranial pressure (ICP) | Central venous pressure (CVP) | Cerebral blood volume (CBV) | Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) | 在没有颅内病变的情况下，脑灌注压（CPP）与哪个参数最密切相关？ | 颅内压（ICP） | 中心静脉压（CVP） | 脑血容量（CBV） | 平均动脉压（MAP） | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
00cbec32-84d9-5d6b-8c90-c0f29bcf6af1 | 4 | D | 3 | Which of the following situations has the least significant effect on cerebral blood flow (CBF)? | PaCO2 of 80 | Temperature of 34°C | Increased blood viscosity | Acute metabolic acidosis | 以下哪种情况对脑血流量（CBF）的影响最不显著？ | PaCO2为80 | 温度为34°C | 血液粘度增加 | 急性代谢性酸中毒 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
e148fa89-5803-5d0c-9dd2-6b316609b463 | 4 | C | 2 | In regard to cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate (CMR), and volatile anesthetics, which of the following is a potential detrimental adverse effect? | Increase in blood flow and a decrease in metabolic demand | Increase in ICP | Redistribution of blood flow away from ischemic areas of brain | Decreased formation of cerebral spinal fluid | 关于脑血流量（CBF）、脑代谢率（CMR）和挥发性麻醉剂，以下哪项是潜在的不利副作用？ | 血流量增加和代谢需求减少 | 颅内压增加 | 血流重新分配远离脑缺血区域 | 脑脊液生成减少 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
f66f0d22-a5d8-5c5f-82e5-c47be09d5f46 | 5 | D | 1 | All of the following medications can be used to decrease elevated ICP EXCEPT which one? | Hypertonic saline | Furosemide | Propofol | Ketamine | 以下所有药物均可用于降低颅内压升高，除了哪一种？ | 高渗盐水 | 呋塞米 | 丙泊酚 | 氯胺酮 | Acetazolamide | 乙酰唑胺 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
aed05d49-45a0-5065-9955-f73a29dbaf91 | 4 | A | 1 | Which of the following agents can cause an increase in CBF and CMRO2? | Nitrous oxide | Desflurane | Halothane | Sevoflurane | 下列哪种药物可以导致脑血流量（CBF）和脑代谢率（CMRO2）的增加？ | 一氧化二氮 | 地氟烷 | 氟烷 | 七氟烷 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
dd131f4e-4745-54e1-be7b-6d4be7e5cdaf | 4 | B | 1 | Which of the following inhalational agents facilitates CSF absorption? | Halothane | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | 下列哪种吸入性麻醉剂促进脑脊液的吸收？ | 氟烷 | 异氟醚 | 七氟醚 | 地氟醚 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
2c804769-637b-561f-b146-b26f5eb6792a | 4 | D | 1 | 24. Clinical goals for preventing or limiting neuronal tissue damage include all of the following EXCEPT which one? | Optimizing CPP | Decreasing metabolic requirements (basal and electrical) | Limiting effects of mediators of cellular injury | Tight glucose control | 24. 预防或限制神经组织损伤的临床目标包括以下所有选项，除了哪一个？ | 优化脑灌注压（CPP） | 降低代谢需求（基础和电活动） | 限制细胞损伤介质的影响 | 严格控制血糖 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
5d482672-b41c-52fe-b3e7-0a93af667977 | 4 | B | 1 | What is the approximate total CSF volume? | 350-500 mL | 100-150 mL | 200-250 mL | 50-100 mL | 脑脊液的总容量大约是多少？ | 350-500 mL | 100-150 mL | 200-250 mL | 50-100 mL | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
b735c3f9-cb00-5741-ab8c-d9e95f162768 | 5 | A | 1 | Which of the following pairings is correct with respect to the production or absorption of CSF? | Choroid plexus; cerebral venous sinuses | Arachnoid villi; third ventricle | Choroid plexus; subarachnoid space | Choroid plexus; lateral ventricles | 以下哪一对与脑脊液的产生或吸收有关的配对是正确的？ | 脉络丛；大脑静脉窦 | 蛛网膜绒毛；第三脑室 | 脉络丛；蛛网膜下腔 | 脉络丛；侧脑室 | Arachnoid villi; lateral ventricles | 蛛网膜绒毛；侧脑室 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
4b66a71e-bbc5-54c5-8861-f51a2ede0d18 | 4 | D | 1 | All of these medications decrease CSF production EXCEPT which one? | Acetazolamide | Furosemide | Thiopental | Ketamine | 以下哪种药物不会减少脑脊液的生成？ | 乙酰唑胺 | 呋塞米 | 硫喷妥钠 | 氯胺酮 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
14ebb09e-da7f-5465-8b88-fc78181c5fe0 | 4 | A | 1 | Which of the following inhalational agents impedes CSF absorption? | Halothane | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | 下列哪种吸入性麻醉剂会阻碍脑脊液的吸收？ | 氟烷 | 异氟醚 | 七氟醚 | 地氟醚 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
aa34c33f-3192-5ab5-ac02-52f206b67475 | 5 | A | 1 | Which intravenous (IV) anesthetic has been shown to provide some protection against focal ischemia? | Phenobarbital | Propofol | Etomidate | Fentanyl | 哪种静脉麻醉药已被证明对局灶性缺血有一定的保护作用？ | 苯巴比妥 | 丙泊酚 | 依托咪酯 | 芬太尼 | Midazolam | 咪达唑仑 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
0ba277bc-95e8-53a6-b5db-672860213bbd | 4 | C | 1 | In patients undergoing neurosurgery, all of the following are acceptable ventilator strategies EXCEPT which one? | Tidal volumes 6-8 cc/kg | Peak pressure <30 cm H2O | High positive end expiratory pressure | Avoidance of hypoventilation | 在接受神经外科手术的患者中，以下所有通气策略都是可接受的，除了哪一个？ | 潮气量 6-8 cc/kg | 峰压 <30 cm H2O | 高呼气末正压 | 避免低通气 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
b2b50b7d-017b-5d5d-aef5-e779d0a7b8f3 | 4 | C | 2 | All of the following are acceptable ways to decrease elevated ICP EXCEPT which one? | Total IV anesthesia | Mannitol administration | Opioid administration | Elevation of the head of the bed | 以下哪种方法不适合用于降低颅内压升高？ | 全静脉麻醉 | 甘露醇给药 | 阿片类药物给药 | 抬高床头 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
92d4161d-68d0-54c5-ab93-fb015e6af773 | 4 | C | 1 | In regard to skeletal muscle contraction, all of the following are true EXCEPT which one? | Calcium triggers contraction by reaction with regulatory proteins that, in the absence of calcium, prevent interaction of actin and myosin. | Calcium entry into nerve terminals triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. | The binding of calcium to actin controls the movement of tropomyosin. | Myosin head releases ADP and Pi and triggers the power stroke of muscle contraction. | 关于骨骼肌收缩，以下哪一项是错误的？ | 钙通过与调节蛋白反应触发收缩，在没有钙的情况下，调节蛋白会阻止肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的相互作用。 | 钙进入神经末梢触发乙酰胆碱释放到突触间隙。 | 钙与肌动蛋白结合控制原肌球蛋白的移动。 | 肌球蛋白头部释放ADP和Pi并触发肌肉收缩的动力冲程。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
d195090d-0375-5738-91fd-d492253a9c5a | 4 | D | 1 | All of the following are potential substrates for immediately replenishing ATP within the muscle fiber EXCEPT which one? | Creatine phosphate | Glycogen | Free fatty acids (FFA) | Lactate | 以下所有选项都是肌肉纤维中立即补充ATP的潜在底物，除了哪一个？ | 磷酸肌酸 | 糖原 | 游离脂肪酸 (FFA) | 乳酸 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
8e38fa1e-147c-59c1-9dbc-36a77ead502d | 4 | A | 1 | Binding of which molecule(s) is required for the myosin head to release its binding to actin? | ATP | GTP | ADP | cAMP | 哪种分子结合是肌球蛋白头部释放其与肌动蛋白结合所必需的？ | ATP | GTP | ADP | cAMP | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
59bf5fef-587d-547a-85d6-e2e4fc4b2cb1 | 4 | D | 1 | Activation of which opioid receptor types can provide relief from opioidinduced itching? | Mu | Delta | Sigma | Kappa | 激活哪种阿片受体类型可以缓解阿片类药物引起的瘙痒？ | Mu | Delta | Sigma | Kappa | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
aa1c69a7-eccd-547e-8c53-ca507a1b9746 | 4 | B | 1 | Which of the following drugs does not exhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism? | Methadone | Meperidine | Ketamine | Memantine | 以下哪种药物不表现出N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体拮抗作用？ | 美沙酮 | 哌替啶 | 氯胺酮 | 美金刚 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
79ef2655-96ec-5188-a5e2-f30453b8b475 | 4 | C | 1 | Which of the following conditions describes the process of activation of Aβ fibers via tactile, nonnoxious stimuli causing inhibition of interneurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, leading to inhibition of pain signals transmitted via C fibers? | Stimulation produces analgesia | Stress-induced analgesia | Gate control theory | Hyperanalgesia | 下列哪种情况描述了通过触觉、非伤害性刺激激活Aβ纤维的过程，从而抑制脊髓后角的中间神经元，导致通过C纤维传递的疼痛信号被抑制？ | 刺激产生镇痛 | 压力诱导的镇痛 | 闸门控制理论 | 痛觉过敏 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
08fe1498-4d78-5063-bd67-353f8ece61d0 | 4 | C | 1 | Which of the following statements is false with regard to the pain experience of elderly patients as compared with younger patients? | Elderly patients may be undertreated because of stoicism or perceived different pain threshold. | Elderly patients may be more likely to experience confusion and delirium from treatment with opioids. | Elderly patients metabolize drugs more effectively than younger patients. | Neuraxial techniques can help circumvent the use of systemic opioids. | 以下哪项关于老年患者与年轻患者疼痛体验的说法是错误的？ | 由于坚忍或被认为不同的痛阈，老年患者可能治疗不足。 | 老年患者在使用阿片类药物治疗时更容易出现混乱和谵妄。 | 老年患者比年轻患者更有效地代谢药物。 | 神经轴技术可以帮助避免使用全身性阿片类药物。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
c2677c61-b853-511f-b616-e7a78ff05544 | 4 | A | 1 | 39. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the Monro-Kellie doctrine? | Given the nondistensible cranial vault, the volume of blood, CSF, and brain tissue must be in equilibrium to maintain ICP and CPP. | The cranial vault is distensible; therefore, there is adequate room for a spaceoccupying lesion without altering ICP. | Given the nondistensible cranial vault, brain tissue and CSF must remain in equilibrium to maintain ICP. CSF volume has no impact. | There is no relationship between brain tissue, CSF, and CBV and ICP. | 39. 以下哪项陈述最准确地描述了Monro-Kellie学说？ | 鉴于颅腔不可扩张，血液、脑脊液和脑组织的体积必须保持平衡以维持颅内压和脑灌注压。 | 颅腔是可扩张的；因此，有足够的空间容纳占位性病变而不改变颅内压。 | 鉴于颅腔不可扩张，脑组织和脑脊液必须保持平衡以维持颅内压。脑脊液体积没有影响。 | 脑组织、脑脊液、脑血容量与颅内压之间没有关系。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
c9237784-9be5-5fb2-a239-fef05adb1a8f | 4 | C | 1 | Which of the following is the most ubiquitous material in the epidural space? | Veins | Arteries | Fat | Lymphatics | 以下哪种是硬膜外腔中最常见的物质？ | 静脉 | 动脉 | 脂肪 | 淋巴管 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
1508a61e-f88d-5758-bb01-d0448cf55b3e | 4 | B | 1 | Which of the following is a typical tidal volume (TV) range during quiet breathing? | 4-6 mL/kg | 6-8 mL/kg | 8-10 mL/kg | 10-12 mL/kg | 以下哪一项是安静呼吸时的典型潮气量（TV）范围？ | 4-6 mL/kg | 6-8 mL/kg | 8-10 mL/kg | 10-12 mL/kg | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
c320143f-956d-57fc-930c-5f5ce57a4f79 | 4 | A | 1 | Forced expiratory volume within the first second divided by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) is typically greater than or equal to which one of the following? | 75% | 65% | 55% | 45% | 第一秒的用力呼气量除以用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）通常大于或等于以下哪一项？ | 75% | 65% | 55% | 45% | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
468f58a5-5507-5678-9330-2bb12836095f | 4 | B | 1 | FVC is normally equal to which one of the following? | Inspiratory capacity (IC) | Vital capacity (VC) | Functional residual capacity (FRC) | Total lung capacity (TLC) | FVC通常等于以下哪一项？ | 吸气量 (IC) | 肺活量 (VC) | 功能残气量 (FRC) | 总肺容量 (TLC) | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
f45c2d64-8790-57dd-89bd-7dc73309cdb8 | 4 | C | 1 | Which lung volume is the primary determinant of oxygen reserve when apnea | Inspiratory capacity | Vital capacity | Functional residual capacity | Total lung capacity | 在呼吸暂停时，哪个肺容量是氧储备的主要决定因素 | 吸气容量 | 肺活量 | 功能残气量 | 肺总量 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
bce6237a-96f2-5338-a5e8-db4112de5b9f | 4 | D | 1 | What is the name of the lung volume at passive end expiration? | Residual volume (RV) | Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) | Vital capacity (VC) | Functional residual capacity (FRC) | 在被动呼气末的肺容量叫什么？ | 残气量 (RV) | 呼气储备量 (ERV) | 肺活量 (VC) | 功能残气量 (FRC) | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
a1a92318-3036-5e3e-91d6-e13d117760d5 | 4 | D | 1 | 6. What volumes comprise TLC? | Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + TV + ERV | IRV + TV | ERV + RV | VC + RV | 6. 总肺容量（TLC）包括哪些容量？ | 补吸气量（IRV）+ 潮气量（TV）+ 补呼气量（ERV） | 补吸气量（IRV）+ 潮气量（TV） | 补呼气量（ERV）+ 残气量（RV） | 肺活量（VC）+ 残气量（RV） | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
de918ad8-d562-5617-aa56-8833e6486d65 | 4 | B | 1 | What volumes comprise IC? | IRV + TV + ERV | IRV + TV | ERV + RV | VC + RV | IC 包括哪些容量？ | IRV + TV + ERV | IRV + TV | ERV + RV | VC + RV | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
23de4414-73eb-546c-b9e4-3a488905992b | 4 | C | 1 | What volumes comprise FRC? | IRV + TV + ERV | IRV + TV | ERV + RV | VC + RV | FRC由哪些容量组成？ | IRV + TV + ERV | IRV + TV | ERV + RV | VC + RV | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
bb6afd84-ef43-5261-83ab-ae5ad2a90dc4 | 4 | C | 1 | Which of the following statements is false regarding maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)? | MVV is the largest volume that can be breathed in 1 minute voluntarily. | MVV measures the endurance of ventilatory muscles. | MVV is increased in patients with restrictive disease. | MVV is decreased in patients with obstructive disease. | 关于最大自主通气量（MVV），下列哪项陈述是错误的？ | MVV 是在 1 分钟内可以自愿呼吸的最大容量。 | MVV 测量通气肌肉的耐力。 | MVV 在限制性疾病患者中增加。 | MVV 在阻塞性疾病患者中减少。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
cb0d389b-ebaa-5baf-9243-9e3791883dcc | 4 | A | 1 | Which of the following statements is false regarding FRC? | FRC increases 10% when a healthy subject lies down. | When FRC decreases, increased venous admixture results in arterial hypoxemia. | The midportion of the pulmonary volume-pressure curve at FRC defines lung compliance. | FRC may be used to quantify the degree of pulmonary restriction. | 关于FRC，下列哪项陈述是错误的？ | 当健康个体躺下时，FRC增加10%。 | 当FRC减少时，静脉混合增加导致动脉低氧血症。 | FRC时肺容量-压力曲线的中段定义了肺顺应性。 | FRC可用于量化肺部限制的程度。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
67398cd4-f0b3-50e1-9ce1-26744ba4cf12 | 4 | D | 1 | The amount of net pressure required for inflation of an alveolus is dependent on which of the following? | Surface tension | Density of gas | Radius of the alveolus | A and C | 充气肺泡所需的净压力量取决于以下哪项？ | 表面张力 | 气体密度 | 肺泡半径 | A和C | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
6c963083-c759-53ba-9484-9b1b1f15e95d | 4 | A | 1 | Which of the following "laws" describes the pressure required within the alveolus to remain inflated? | Laplace's law | Boyle's law | The ideal gas law | Henry's law | 下列哪个“定律”描述了肺泡内保持充气所需的压力？ | 拉普拉斯定律 | 波义耳定律 | 理想气体定律 | 亨利定律 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
91fe16ba-c5a4-5236-838c-fb845036eedd | 4 | B | 1 | Which type of alveolar cells produces surfactant? | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | 哪种类型的肺泡细胞产生表面活性剂？ | I型 | II型 | III型 | IV型 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
d1a16d6d-04b6-5a9c-85b6-1aaefa963037 | 5 | D | 1 | Type II alveolar cells: | Produce surfactant in the lungs | Modulate local electrolyte balance | Provide for immunologic lung defense | A and B | II型肺泡细胞： | 在肺中产生表面活性物质 | 调节局部电解质平衡 | 提供免疫性肺防御 | A和B | All of the above | 以上全部 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
4adc80db-f79f-5763-8307-d7c5a4bebb4d | 4 | D | 1 | Which of the following is/are depicted in a flow-volume loop? | Total lung capacity | Functional residual capacity | Tidal volume | All of the above | 下列哪项在流量-容量环中被描绘？ | 肺总容量 | 功能残气量 | 潮气量 | 以上全部 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
43b27697-7fab-5d14-9d9b-cd35f63544d1 | 4 | B | 1 | Which of the following statements about flow-volume loops is false? | Shape and peak airflow rates during expiration at high lung volumes are effort dependent. | Flow-volume loops provide more precise and useful information in the diagnosis of upper airway and extrathoracic obstruction compared with MRI. | A flow-volume loop graphically demonstrates the flow generated during a forced expiratory maneuver followed by a forced inspiratory maneuver, plotted against the volume of gas expired. | Flow-volume loops provide information about total lung volume, TV, FRC, and RV. | 以下关于流量-容量环的说法中哪一项是错误的？ | 在高肺容量下，呼气时的形状和峰值气流速率依赖于努力程度。 | 与MRI相比，流量-容量环在诊断上气道和胸外阻塞方面提供了更精确和有用的信息。 | 流量-容量环以图形方式展示了在强制呼气动作后紧随的强制吸气动作中产生的流量，并与呼出气体的容量相对比。 | 流量-容量环提供关于总肺容量、潮气量、功能残气量和残气量的信息。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
f7e7cab0-7025-5119-b625-aa9fcf6414ba | 5 | E | 1 | Which of the following pulmonary structures participates in gas exchange? | Tnal bronchioles | Alveoli | Alveolar ducts | A and B | 下列哪种肺部结构参与气体交换？ | 终末细支气管 | 肺泡 | 肺泡管 | A 和 B | B and C | B 和 C | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
8a7f4f56-f904-544b-a71f-ebdb49e8fbdf | 4 | C | 1 | Which of the following statements regarding the distribution of ventilation in | There is an alveolar pressure gradient in the lung. | The negative intrapleural pressure results in more distended alveoli at the base of the lung. | More ventilation is delivered to dependent pulmonary areas. | The largest portion of TV reaches the apex of the lung. | 关于通气分布，下列哪项陈述是正确的？ | 肺内存在肺泡压力梯度。 | 负的胸膜内压导致肺底部的肺泡更膨胀。 | 更多的通气输送到依赖的肺区。 | 最大部分的潮气量到达肺尖。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
8efe0c5c-710e-5d6e-b7ad-1bbf2e9c6d76 | 4 | B | 1 | Which of the following statements regarding the distribution of blood flow in the lung is false? | Blood flow into the lung is mainly gravity dependent. | West Zone 1 is the most gravity-dependent portion of the lung. | Blood flow depends on the relationship between pulmonary artery pressure, alveolar pressure, and pulmonary venous pressure. | West Zone 1 receives ventilation in the absence of perfusion. | 关于肺内血流分布的下列说法中哪一项是错误的？ | 进入肺部的血流主要依赖于重力。 | West Zone 1 是肺部最依赖重力的部分。 | 血流取决于肺动脉压、肺泡压和肺静脉压之间的关系。 | West Zone 1 在没有灌注的情况下接受通气。 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
791d9d32-2d41-518e-99ba-dd5f43326968 | 4 | A | 1 | Select the correct relationship between the pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa), alveolar pressure (PA), and pulmonary venous pressure (Ppv) in West Zone 3: | Ppa > Ppv > PA | Ppa = Ppv = PA | Ppa > PA > Ppv | PA > Ppa > Ppv | 选择在 West Zone 3 中肺动脉压 (Ppa)、肺泡压 (PA) 和肺静脉压 (Ppv) 之间的正确关系： | Ppa > Ppv > PA | Ppa = Ppv = PA | Ppa > PA > Ppv | PA > Ppa > Ppv | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
7c7ab101-5a97-5fd5-8d2e-a3050b99683f | 4 | B | 1 | The ideal V/Q ratio of 1 is believed to occur at approximately the level of which one of the following? | First rib | Third rib | Fifth rib | Seventh rib | 理想的通气/血流比值为1，通常被认为发生在以下哪个水平？ | 第一根肋骨 | 第三根肋骨 | 第五根肋骨 | 第七根肋骨 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
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