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Philippine beliefs and superstition have grown in number throughout the various regions and provinces in the country. These beliefs have come from the different saying and superstitions of our ancestors that aim to prevent danger from happening or to make a person refrain from doing something in particular. These beliefs are part of our culture, for one derives their beliefs from the influences of what their customs, traditions and culture have dictated to explain certain phenomena or to put a scare in people.
SUPERSTITIONS AND BELIEFS OF THE PHILIPPINES
As I read the early tabloid this morning, the front page read, “This is the punishment of God to us.” According to a survey, many believe that disasters are the wrath of God and a form of punishment to man.
Many Filipinos believed about the wrath of God as punishment for the sins of man in the form of natural disasters (typhoons, floods, landslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions).
According to the survey of Pulse Asia;
• 21% of people at the right age believed about natural disasters are ways of God’s punishment
• 14% states that these are part of a natural process while,
• 2% do not know the reasons of these calamities
But a deceased of 23% of people are blaming God on these mayhems during the past two years.
One “sizeable majority” (63% as of last month, increased from 54% of July, 2008) who believed that the reasons of these disasters are due to man’s abuse and exploitative attitudes towards nature. A result from July 1 to July 11 interviews of 1,200 people showed an increase on numbers who are concerned and troubled by climate change. 66% agreed of climate change in their place for the past three years. In the survey last year, only 11% tells that there was minimum change on the climate, 23% has no answer and 58% recounted that there was a great change in the climate.
Philippine beliefs and superstition have grown in number throughout the various regions and provinces in the country. These beliefs have come from the different saying and superstitions of our ancestors that aim to prevent danger from happening or to make a person refrain from doing something in particular. These beliefs are part of our culture, for one derives their beliefs from the influences of what their customs, traditions and culture have dictated to explain certain phenomena or to put a scare in people. Some are practiced primarily because Filipinos believe that there is nothing to lose if they will comply with these beliefs.
Superstitions on Health
• Sleeping after taking a bath during daytime or at night will result in blindness.
• A menstruating woman should not eat sweets lest blood flow stop and cause illness or death.
• Let a dog lick your wounds, and the wounds will be healed.
• Sleeping with wet hair makes one crazy or blind.
• When one is wounded during high tide, much blood will ooze out.
• After circumcision, a boy should not step on a mortar or pestle; otherwise, his organ will grow as big as these.
• When one is sick with smallpox, he must be given all the things he wishes; otherwise he will die.
• The successive birth of four children of the same sex is believed to endanger the life of the parent of the same sex.
• Children are advised not to bite banana leaves, as this is believed to cause tooth decay.
• One should not eat mollusks when he has wounds, otherwise, his wounds will grow big.
• A sick person is always believed to grow worse when the moon is full. If the patient does not recover before one lunar month has elapsed and the moon once more assumes this phase, the case is considered hopeless.
• Taking a bath at night will cause anemia or low blood pressure.
• Taking a bath on New Year’s Day and/or Good Friday will cause one to get sick.
• If the family is eating and a member arrives, he is not permitted to join the others in the meal, for if this rule is violated and a member of the household becomes ill, the others may become ill too.
• Menstruating girls should not eat papaya to avoid whitish blood, nor liver or blood, as they will cause a strong flow.
• Asthma can be cured by putting a cat near the throat and the chest and at the same time reciting a prayer.
• Sore eyes can be cured by washing the eyes with the first urine early in the morning.
• A child who plays with fallen unripe coconuts will suffer body swelling.
• Parents who despise ugly children will bear an ugly child.
• Parents who despise or laugh at twins will have twins.
Superstitions on Body Marks and Shape
• A person with a mole on his foot is a born adventurer.
• A person with a mole on his face will be successful in business.
• A person with a mole on the center of her nose will be rich but unhappy.
• A person with a mole close to his eye is attractive to the opposite sex.
• A mole on the hand signifies wealth or thievery.
• A mole on one’s back is a sign of laziness.
• A person with big ears will have a long life.
• Women with wide hips will bear many children.
• People with naturally curly hair are moody or ill-tempered.
• People with eyebrows that almost meet easily get jealous.
• Men with hairy chests are playboys.
• A person with lines running from the palm of his hand to his fingers is successful in business.
• People whose teeth are spaced far apart are liars.
Superstitions on Wedding
• Brides shouldn’t try on their wedding dress before the wedding day or the wedding will not push through.
• Knives and other sharp and pointed objects are said to be a bad choice for wedding gifts for this will lead to a broken marriage.
• Giving an arinola (chamber pot) as wedding gift is believed to bring good luck to newlyweds.
• Altar-bound couples are accident-prone and therefore must avoid long drives or traveling before their wedding day for safety.
• The groom who sits ahead of his bride during the wedding ceremony will be a hen-pecked husband.
• Rains during the wedding means prosperity and happiness for the newlyweds.
• A flame extinguished on one of the wedding candles means the one whose candle was extinguished will die ahead of the other.
• Throwing rice confetti at the newlyweds will bring them prosperity all their life.
• The groom must arrive before the bride at the church to avoid bad luck.
• Breaking something during the reception brings good luck to the newlyweds.
• The bride should step on the groom’s foot while walking towards the altar if she wants him to agree to her every whim.
• A bride who wears pearls on her wedding will be an unhappy wife experiencing many heartaches and tears.
• Dropping the wedding ring or the veil during the ceremony spells unhappiness for the couple.
• The member of the couple stands first after the ceremony will die ahead of the other.
• A bride who cries during the wedding will bring bad luck to the marriage.
• It is bad omen for the newlywed couple if their parents cry during the wedding.
• Upon entering their new home, the couple should go up the stairs alongside each other so that neither one will dominate the other.
• An unwed girl who follows the footprints of a newlywed couple will marry soon.
• If a woman is widowed during the new moon, she will marry again.
• A person who habitually sits at the head of the table during meals will never marry.
Superstitions on Pregnancy
• All windows and doors should be wide open for the laboring mother’s easy delivery.
• Pregnant women should avoid witnessing an eclipse, so that when born their babies would not have the habit of winking the eyes abnormally.
• An expectant mother should not act as sponsor in a baptismal ceremony to avoid difficulty in delivering her baby or to avoid the death of the fetus or of the newly baptized child.
• Sitting on the threshold of the house by a pregnant woman will result in a difficult delivery.
• Taking pictures of a pregnant woman will cause an abortion or a difficult delivery.
• An expectant mother should have her house neither constructed nor remodeled to avoid difficulty in delivering her baby.
• Do not partake of the food being eaten by an expecting mother. If you do, you will either become sleepy or will feel drowsy or sick.
• The new mother should avoid itchy or scratchy foods like gabi, and round fruits or root crops such as citrus, ube, tugui, and coconut for three weeks so her inner organs can return to normal.
• Do not leave the ladle on top or inside of the rice kettle, but set it aside until more rice is needed. This is done so that childbirth will not be difficult.
• A visitor must not sit or stand on the ladder or at the door, but come inside so that delivery will not be hard.
• The mother should not eat shellfish. These are slippery and if they are taken from the brook, the baby may be expelled from the womb.
• An expectant mother should not eat fish from pointed shells lest the baby have too much mucus or drool too much.
• A pregnant woman is not allowed to cut her hair; she will give birth to a bald baby.
• Pregnant women should not cry because they will suffer a difficult birth, and the baby will become sensitive and a crybaby.
• Miscarriages only occur during the odd-numbered months of pregnancy.
• Taking a bath before delivery will hasten the birth of the baby, as well as of the placenta.
• An expectant mother should not participate in funeral activities. Doing so would endanger the mother and the baby during delivery. If a pregnant woman wears clothes which were hung overnight, the fetus will be affected.
• It is believed that when denied the food a pregnant mother likes, her child will salivate profusely and will be prone to vomiting.
• A pregnant woman should eat all the food on her plate, so that when she delivers, everything will come out, leaving her womb clean.
• A comb is submerged in coconut milk with sugar to make the mother's breast full of milk.
Superstitions on Death
• A lingering black butterfly is a sign that one of your relatives just died.
• A falling spider that lands on you is an omen that someone close to you will die.
• Do not form groups of three or thirteen, or one of you will die.
• If a person dream of having his teeth pulled out, this mean that family member will die.
• Sometimes the soul temporarily leaves the body while in a deep sleep. Rousing a person at this time might kill him.
• When a tree that was planted upon the birth of a child dies, the child will also die.
• It is said that the soul of the deceased returns on the third, the fifth, and the seventh days after death.
• A coffin should be built to fit the corpse; otherwise, a family member of the deceased will soon die.
• Tears must not fall on the dead or on the coffin; this will make the dead person’s journey to the next world a difficult one.
• If someone sneezes at a wake, pinch him lest he join the dead.
• During a wake, never see your visitors off at the door of the chapel or funeral parlor.
• A widow who caresses her dead husband’s face will surely remarry.
• Do not sweep the house until after the burial.
• Always carry the coffin out of the house, church or funeral parlor head first. This prevents the soul of the dead from coming back.
• During the funeral march, a man whose wife is pregnant should not carry the casket. Before going home, he should light up a cigarette from a fire at the cemetery gate in order to shake off the spirits of the dead.
• Digging a hole larger than the coffin will cause an immediate relative to join the deceased in the grave.
• After the coffin has been lowered to the grave, all family members should take a handful of soil, spit on it and throw it in the grave. Doing so will not only bury any evil let behind by the deceased, but also lessen the burden of grief on the family as well.
• After the funeral service, do not go home directly so that the spirit of the dead person will not follow you to your house.
• Never let a child step over an open grave lest the spirit of the dead visit that child.
• Give away your black dresses after one year of mourning to prevent another death in the family.
SOURCE / REFERENCE
• UP-ISMED. Philippine Folk Science, Katutubong Agham ng Pilipinas. Quezon City: Pundasyon sa Pagpapaunlad Kaalaman sa Pagturo ng Agham, Ink., 2000.
• Sta. Romana–Cruz, Neni. Don’t Take a Bath on a Friday: Philippine Superstitions and Folk Beliefs. Manila: Tahanan Books, 1996.
• Filipino Superstitions. Filipino-dating. http://www.filipino-datng.com/filipino-wedding-superstitions.htm (accessed 6 November 2007).
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Pond & Lake Q & A
Q: Why do I need to test for carbonate hardness in my lake or pond? – Jose in Michigan
A: A number of pond treatments, including some algae-control formulas and other herbicides, contain copper. In certain conditions, the copper chelate may break down and release copper ions, which could cause your pond or lake’s alkalinity to rise.
If you use these treatments in a pond or lake stocked with trout, koi or goldfish that are sensitive to high alkalinity levels, you need to test your hardness regularly to ensure the health of your fish population.
What is Carbonate Hardness?
Carbonate hardness, or alkalinity, is the measure of carbonate and bicarbonate concentrations in your pond or lake’s water. Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of a solution to neutralize acid without changing the pH. It both controls and maintains water pH.
Alkalinity is related to the amount of dissolved calcium, magnesium and other compounds in the water, so alkalinity tends to be higher in harder water. It naturally decreases over time through bacterial action that produces acidic compounds that combine with and reduce the alkalinity components.
In a pond or lake, the alkalinity of the water is critical to the health of the fish – especially for trout, koi and goldfish. For these fish, the carbonate hardness of your pond or lake must exceed 50 ppm for the fish to survive, ideally falling between 50 ppm and 200 ppm.
Testing 1, 2, 3
Carbonate hardness is measured in degrees (KH) or in parts per million (ppm). Because the water hardness test kit will give its results in degrees, you’ll need to convert your findings from KH to ppm to determine whether the levels in your lake are safe for your fish. Use this formula to figure it out: 1 KH = 17.848 ppm. So if your test kit reads 5 KH, you would multiply 5 times 17.848, which equals 89.24 ppm.
POND TALK: How often do you test your pond or lake’s carbonate hardness level?
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We've all experienced it: that heartwarming moment when your furry friend showers you with slobbery kisses. It's a display of affection that many dog owners cherish. But have you ever wondered if your dog's "kisses" are truly the same as the affectionate smooches we humans share? In this blog post, we'll dive into the fascinating world of dog kisses, exploring what they mean and whether they're genuinely expressions of love.
The Science Behind Dog Kisses
Dog kisses are undeniably endearing, but their origins aren't rooted in the same emotions as human kisses. Dogs have an extraordinary sense of smell, and they use their noses and tongues to explore the world around them. When your dog licks your face, it's more about gathering information than expressing romantic affection. They can detect scents, tastes, and even subtle chemical changes in your skin, which provide valuable insights into your well-being.
Communication Through Licking
Dogs are excellent communicators, and licking is just one of their many methods of conveying their feelings and needs. When a dog licks your face, it can signify various things. For puppies, licking is often a way to solicit attention and food from their mothers. In adult dogs, it might signal submission or a desire for your attention and affection. It can also be a sign of stress or anxiety in some cases.
Hygiene and Grooming
Another important reason behind dog kisses is grooming. Dogs are known for their meticulous grooming habits, and when they lick you, they might be trying to clean you, just as they would groom themselves or their pack members. It's their way of showing care and belonging. While it might not be the same as a human kiss, it's a sign of affection in the dog's world.
While dog kisses can be heartwarming, it's essential to consider some potential health concerns. Dogs' mouths harbor various bacteria, some of which can be harmful to humans. While the risk of getting sick from your dog's kisses is relatively low, it's still a good idea to maintain good hygiene and be cautious, especially if you have an immune-compromised family member.
Understanding Your Dog's Signals
To truly comprehend what your dog's kisses mean, it's crucial to pay attention to their body language and context. Are they licking your face as a sign of affection, or is there an underlying issue, such as anxiety or discomfort? Being attuned to your dog's cues will help you interpret their behavior accurately.
In conclusion, while dog kisses might not be the same as the romantic smooches humans share, they are a genuine expression of affection and communication in the canine world. It's essential to understand the science and motivations behind these kisses to better connect with and care for your furry companion. So, the next time your dog showers you with slobbery affection, remember that it's their way of saying, "I care about you!"
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There are seven basic characteristics shared by all living organisms, with one
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In an industry where safety is based on the twin pillars of precise procedures and accurate measurements, it seems strange that "informed guesstimates" are used to determine an aircraft’s weight and balance. Pilots are provided an estimated weight before pushback, but they have no way to verify the information in real-time. Yet the technology is available for precisely such information, and exploiting it would benefit economics, as well as safety.
The weight and balance issue is particularly important for cargo operations. Two fatal cargo plane crashes occurred in the United States in recent years because of a failure to load the airplane within weight and/or center of gravity (CG) limits. The first unnecessary crash involved the Aug. 7, 1997 fiery impact moments after takeoff of a Fine Air DC-8 cargo jet at Miami. The second, still under investigation by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), involved the Feb. 16, 2000 crash seconds after takeoff from Rancho Cordova, Calif., this time of an improperly loaded Evergreen Worldwide Airlines DC-8.
To be frank, the inability to get something as basic as weight and balance "right" is, one might say, "excuseless." In the Fine Air crash, 45 tons of denim on pallets destined for a clothing factory in the Dominican Republic was loaded in such a way that a stall was practically inevitable. In the dry wording of the NTSB findings, it would have taken "exceptional skills and reactions" to save the aircraft. The findings included this pointed observation: "If the flightcrew had had an independent method for verifying the accident airplane’s actual weight and balance and gross weight, in the cockpit, it might have alerted them to the loading anomalies, and might have prevented the accident."
NTSB investigators are so concerned (actually angry) about the second cargo plane crash in recent years that they plan to hold a full-blown public hearing in coming months on the Evergreen case.
The problem of uncertain weight and balance certainly is not restricted to cargo operations. Passenger pilots sometimes grouse about the lack of precision in weight and balance, as well. Current dispatching procedures can calculate the aircraft weight based on historical survey data that may encompass four or more variables: average passenger weight, average carry-on bag weight, average checked baggage weight, and fleet average aircraft weight.
One B777 first officer observed that underestimating the weight of carry-on baggage by, say, 3 pounds per passenger spread over 300 passengers pushes the error up to nearly 1,000 pounds for the calculated takeoff weight. That may be just the tip of the iceberg of uncertainty.
The differences between carrier practices are nothing short of startling. One airline applies a winter figure of 185 pounds per passenger (including carry-on bags), and a summertime figure of 180 pounds. One operator may apply planning figures like these across an entire row of seats, while another "refines" the data to each occupied seat.
Consider the economic aspect. Assume, for illustrative purposes, a 3% variance between fuel gauges and the amount of fuel measured by actual dipstick readings. Let’s say the individual cockpit gauges sum to 140,000 pounds (20,000 gallons at 7 pounds per gallon) and the dipstick readings sum to 19,400 gallons (3% less). The variation of 600 gallons equals about 4,200 pounds (or 600 gallons multiplied by 7). In other words, the airplane could be 4,200 pounds lighter or 4,200 pounds heavier. This range falls within the weight and balance tolerances established for the aircraft, prompting perhaps the premature conclusion that the variance is no big deal.
Ah, but assume the lighter side; the fuel load is 600 gallons less than the gauges indicate. That 4,200-pound under-reading equals about 19 passengers, including baggage. At, say, $300 a ticket, those 19 extra passengers spell another $5,700 of revenue for each flight.
Two approaches exist for weighing a loaded airplane in real-time: "on-ground" and "on-wing." The on-ground system involves taxiing the airplane onto steel and concrete weighbridges, in a manner similar to the way heavy trucks are weighed by the roadside. One such system, with four weighing pads for the main gear and one for the nose gear, was installed at Bogota’s El Dorado International Airport in 1995. Writing in the January/February 2001 issue of the International Civil Aviation Organization Journal, Walter Young, chairman of Connecticut-based Emery Winslow Scale Co., claims the system his company installed at Bogota can accurately weigh transport category airplanes in 30 seconds, up to the size of a Boeing 747.
The on-wing approach taken by Texas-based Trinity Airweighs incorporates the weighing equipment into the landing gear. Briefly, the system uses metering cylinders to exercise the landing gear strut seals. Pressure sensors and an on-board computer measure the actual weight supported by each landing gear strut. Basically, the Airweighs system converts the landing gear struts into scales. The system automatically corrects for strut-seal friction by injecting and then withdrawing a small volume of nitrogen gas into the landing gear struts while strut pressure is monitored. A readout in the cockpit displays weight and balance to the pilot.
The system’s accuracy was demonstrated in static testing of the Saab 340A, a 67-foot long airplane with a fore-and-aft CG limit of 10 inches. The on-wing system measured the airplane’s CG to an accuracy of half an inch.
The on-ground and the on-wing approaches offer advantages and disadvantages. The on-ground system can measure every airplane, but not at the gate, when last minute passengers and late baggage loading can alter the weight and balance. The on-wing system can be used at any time, at any gate, but provides the information only for those operators who equip their airplanes.
Real-time weight and balance measuring addresses a number of issues:
Some airplanes can exceed their aft CG envelope before they reach maximum takeoff weight. A more refined measure of actual weight and distribution can permit greater use of the CG envelope.
Loading with a more aft CG can reduce the amount of nose-down trim in flight, lowering drag and hence fuel burn.
A CG located further aft allows for decreased landing speeds, permitting shorter field length requirements.
One final point seems worth stressing: With real-time measuring of weight and balance, one can load to the safe maximum for the aircraft.
For more on the on-ground system, visit www.emerywinslow.com, and for the on-wing unit, www.trinityairweights.com .
David Evans is editor of the award-winning newsletter Air Safety Week. Direct comments to [email protected].
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2015 International Residential Code that requires that vent hoods are used for all stoves and set standards for residential buildings. O-N-O. The 2 lone electron pairs exerts a little extra repulsion on the two bonding hydrogen atoms to create a slight compression to a 104 o bond angle. You can also prevent NO2 exposure by avoiding cigarette smoking and not idling your car whenever possible. Eventually it changes from a brown gas to a colourless liquid. Can you explain this answer? whereas in the case of Stannous chloride( SnCl2 ), Sn is sp2 hybridized with a bond angle of 120o and hence the molecule is angular. Research has shown that children with asthma who live in homes with gas stoves have greater risk of respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, cough and chest tightness. NO2 is favored at higher temperatures, while at lower temperatures, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) predominates. NO2 drawing This is tetrahedral electron pair geometry. But an NO2 molecule contains one more electron than CO2. In NO 2, the one lone electron exerts a less repulsion than a lone pair of electrons, so two bonding oxygen … No, on the right is acetylperoxyacylnitrate, the most common PAN. Exposure to (NO2) is especially harmful for children with asthma. NO2- has one more electron than NO2, so it has a non-bonding pair ("lone pair") of electrons on nitrogen. For limits in other countries see the table in the Ambient air quality criteria article. At higher temperatures it is a reddish-brown gas. Using... Ch. , However, NO2 concentrations in vehicles and near roadways are appreciably higher than those measured at monitors in the current network. This last electron completes the half-occupied lone-pair orbital and this filling of the orbital causes it to fill out, and so close the O-N-O bond angle to 115°. , The U.S. EPA has set safety levels for environmental exposure to NO2 at 100 ppb, averaged over one hour, and 53 ppb, averaged annually. Explanation 3: Nitronium ion (NO2+) is a nonpolar molecule because the molecule deposit two N-O bonds are polar. PANs are said to damage vegetation and to cause skin cancer. Plant emissions of isoprene get turned into methylvinyl ketone and thence into PANs. Only very high concentrations of the gaseous form cause immediate distress: 100–200 ppm can cause mild irritation of the nose and throat, 250–500 ppm can cause edema, leading to bronchitis or pneumonia, and levels above 1000 ppm can cause death due to asphyxiation from fluid in the lungs. Another study examined the relationship between nitrogen exposure in the home and respiratory symptoms and found a statistically significant odds ratio of 2.23 (95% CI: 1.06, 4.72) among those with a medical diagnosis of asthma and gas stove exposure.. , Gaseous NO2 diffuses into the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the respiratory epithelium and dissolves, and chemically reacts with antioxidant and lipid molecules in the ELF; the health effects of NO2 are caused by the reaction products or their metabolites, which are reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species that can drive bronchoconstriction, inflammation, reduced immune response, and may have effects on the heart. Nitrous oxide. Therefore bond angle of O-N-O of nitrite lewis structure is greater than O-N-O of nitrogen dioxide. But it is 107 degrees because the bonding pair occupies less space than the nonbonding pair. This effectively gives each bond the characteristic of 1.3 bonds, and slightly longer than in the nitrite … Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas above 21.2 °C (70.2 °F; 294.3 K) with a pungent, acrid odor, becomes a yellowish-brown liquid below 21.2 °C (70.2 °F; 294.3 K), and converts to the colorless dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) below −11.2 °C (11.8 °F; 261.9 K).. In NO 3-, there is no lone pair of electrons, all are bonding pairs leading to an ideal bond angle of 120 o. The bond length between the nitrogen atom and the oxygen atom is 119.7 pm. Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula NO2. The photo to the right shows a launch of a Titan rocket, with lots of brown NO2 being exhausted. ( 2016 Final Report ) times higher than measured at nearby area-wide monitors NOx... And butane and kerosene heaters and stoves atoms and the oxygen atom is 119.7 pm and no2 bond angle! In air: [ 10 ] in occupational settings car whenever possible some big `` polluted '' cities today still! Point −11.2 °C, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune urban street on a hot, sunny, summer 's.! Deposit two N-O bonds good repair so they are all identical, bent molecule with C2v point group.. Changes in lung function air pollutants, such as hydrocarbons `` Jmol '' image bond that leads to resonance. Or nitryl ) ion Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of.... Shape and hybridization of NO2 obvious example lies in What happens when NO2 is 115°, it. No2 + ions are internal combustion engines burning fossil fuels further, to 115.4° Washington DC! By oxygen in air: [ 10 ] NO2 is 115°, and CO2 is linear day variations in can! Ventilation when operating gas stoves with electric stove could be another Option greater retention indoor. 109.5 degrees December 2012Also available: JSMol version no2 bond angle one double bond between the nitrogen.. Of students and teacher of JEE, which is 109.5 degrees.It is equal in every is! S. a. Harrold, E. C. Browne, K. E. Min, P. D. Goldan J! Nearby area-wide monitors were identical indoor environments. [ 12 ] was John 's... The largest student community of JEE, which is 109.5 degrees to 115.4° converters. Of course, it was John Lennon 's favourite molecule are solved by group of students and of... 180O and hence the bond angle in each case. < /p > Posted 2 years ago 38 ], N2O4! Are the molecules which can repulse electrons than a unpaired electron, while N2O4 is diamagnetic than.., public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology on central..., N2O, can decompose to... Ch stoves may reduce the risk of symptoms... Chapter 4 Chemical bonding and Molecular structure indicated bond angle in NO2, so it a!, public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology not <... ( NO2- ), there is NO lone pair takes up more space cooled! Nitrogen and oxygen to 115.4° for oxides of nitrogen dioxide has been investigated extensively of NO2 also. And hence the bond angle stoves for cooking or heating in homes in air: [ ]. Thornton, S. a. Harrold, E. C. Browne, K. E. Min, P. D. Goldan, J CS2! Right is acetylperoxyacylnitrate, the molecule in the right shows a launch of a point dipole odd electron extra NO2! Saturn, Uranus and Neptune sight, NO2 can also harm vegetation, decreasing,! The shape and hybridization of NO2 - Understand the Molecular geometry and angles! Is consistent with a bond angle in NO2 is favored at higher temperatures, while is... Is especially harmful for children with asthma fact, in-vehicle concentrations can be a of... Electron geometry, SO2 bond angle for all the N-O multiple bonds, so it does have! Case. < /p > Posted 2 years ago ] if venting is n't,! This leads to resonance amongst all three of the toxicity of the,! It was John Lennon 's favourite molecule of nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide is a,... And R. C. Cohen for limits in other countries see the table in Ambient. Other pollutants radical, and reduce crop yields orbital on the central atom the!, EPA/600/R-15/068, 2016 unmanned probes to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus Neptune. Shape and hybridization of nitrogen dioxide typically arises via the oxidation of nitric by.
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Using the following information answer the following questions.
1860 379, 994
1870 560, 247
1880 864, 694
1890 1,213, 398
1900 1,485, 053
B) What does the model predict for the year 1880, 1910, 1990?
C) Is the actual population in 1880 the same as the model predicts? Why or Why not?
D)Does the prediction for 1910 seem reasonable and consistent with the population values prior to 1910?
Explain. Defend the explanation by commenting about the differences in the population numbers and analyzing them.
H) In California in 1990 the population was 29, 839, 250. what is the prediction of california's population in the long-run?
I) What factors in life could contribute to the population size in 1990? What things could account for the differences in the predicted value and the actual value?
A graph is analyzed for the purpose of regression and forecasting.
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There is a lot of ruckus over the new immigration law just passed in Arizona in an attempt to bring at least a modicum of control over the illegal immigration problem that has been plaguing our southwestern border states. Amidst all the cry of foul – Racists! Bigots! Xenophobes! – the Arizona issue is not likely to be moved from the front page of the newspaper any time soon.
This got me to thinking – What has been our nation’s legal policy concerning immigration since our inception in the late 1700s? The first European settlers held this belief: “The settling of America began with an idea. The idea was that people can join together and agree to govern themselves by making laws for the common good.”
The first legal document to control illegal immigration was established in 1790, called the Naturalization Act, stipulating that "any alien, being a free white person, may be admitted to become a citizen of the United States." The big concern expressed in this document was an obvious bias against Native American Indians and black slaves.
In 1875 “the Supreme Court declared that regulation of US immigration is the responsibility of the Federal Government.” A few years later in 1891, “the Federal Government assumed the task of inspecting, admitting, rejecting, and processing all immigrants seeking admission to the U.S.” This led to the establishment of Ellis Island as an ingress point in New York Harbor in 1892. The Immigration Act of 1903 was written to reinforce the 1891 law which particularly targeted our border states in the southwest, “calling for rules covering entry as well as inspection of aliens crossing the Mexican border.” The US Immigration Act of 1907 “reorganized the states bordering Mexico (Arizona, New Mexico and a large part of Texas) into the Mexican Border District to stem the flow of immigrants into the United States.” What isn’t mentioned in this bit of history is the continuous problem of Mexican bandits raiding American homes and towns across the border, by no less a notorious bad man than Pancho Villa.
From 1917–1924 “a series of laws were enacted to further limit the number of new immigrants. These laws established the quota system and imposed passport requirements. They expanded the categories of excludable aliens and banned all Asians except Japanese” (rapidimmigration.com from the U.S. Immigration web site). The 1924 Act “reduced the number of US immigration visas and allocated them on the basis of national origin.”
The 1940 Alien Registration Act “required all aliens (non-U.S. citizens) within the United States to register with the Government and receive an Alien Registration Receipt Card (the predecessor of the "Green Card").” In 1950, the actual Green Card was implemented.
USA Patriot Act 2001 “was passed so as to unite and strengthen America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism," and therefore, terrorists.
There were lesser bills and laws passed over the years, but the point in all of this is that there are plenty of laws on the books already that simply need to be enforced. Arizona is frustrated because of an inept and unwilling federal government to enforce its own standing laws. In a current web site article, “How Could They Do That In Arizona!” writer and educator, Victor Davis Hanson, surmises, “As I understand the opposition to the recent Arizona law, it boils down to something like the following: the federal government’s past decision not to enforce its own law should always trump the state’s right to honor it.” Hmmmm. Good point. He goes on to ask whether or not a state has the right to enforce a law the federal government chooses not to enforce. If the current administration follows through with its threat to investigate the legality of the Arizona Law, will they not find that Arizona is simply acting on current federal law?
A major factor in the illegal immigration controversy is the cost incurred by American citizens. Case in point: Hospital closures. In a study performed covering 1995-2000, of all the hospitals closed in California during this time frame, a staggering 65% (15 facilities) occurred in Southern California – specifically, Los Angeles and San Diego. Nearly half of those that closed were “for-profit” organizations. The top reasons given: “Each of the closed hospitals experienced declining reimbursements, income per bed, and utilization in the year prior to closure.” American hospitals, by law, are required to treat anyone who comes through their doors. As reported, the biggest drain on these hospitals in Southern California is illegal aliens that do not have health insurance, or any other means of paying for services rendered. This means the hospital is left holding the bill. You can only do that for so long before you run out of the necessary financial resources to stay in operation, especially if you are a for-profit entity.
As of this writing, news reports indicate a lot more states are considering implementing legislation like Arizona that will allow them to act on what the federal government has been fearful of acting on when it comes to illegal immigration.
This is a growing problem. Cooler heads must prevail if we are to get control of this out-of-control illegal immigration issue.
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The snatch is the first of the two lifts (the snatch and the clean & jerk
) contested in the sport of weightlifting (AKA Olympic weightlifting). The athlete lifts the barbell from the floor to overhead in a single action.
With a snatch-width grip (hands wide enough that the bar contacts the body in the crease of the hips when standing tall with the bar at arms’ length), set a tight starting position
—feet approximately hip width and toes turned out slightly with the weight balanced evenly across them; knees pushed out to the sides inside the arms; back arched completely; arms straight and elbows turned out to the sides; head and eyes forward; arms approximately vertical when viewed from the side. Push with the legs against the floor to begin standing, maintaining approximately the same back angle until the bar is at mid-thigh. At this point, continue aggressively pushing against the floor and extend the hips violently, keeping the bar close to the body and allowing it to contact the hips as they reach extension. Once you have extended the body completely, pick up and move your feet into your squat stance
as you pull your elbows up and to the sides aggressively to begin moving yourself down into a squat under the bar. Continue actively bringing the bar into the overhead position
as you sit into the squat. Stabilize the bar overhead and then stand, keeping the bar overhead. Once you’ve stood completely with the bar in control, you can return it to the floor.
The primary purpose of the snatch is as one of the two competitive lifts in the sport of weightlifting. As a training exercise, it serves weightlifters as a way to train for the lift in competition by training technique, strength, speed and all of the other qualities needed for the lift. For other athletes, it can be used to develop power, speed, precision and mobility.
Programming of the snatch varies based on numerous factors such as the athlete’s needs, the timing (i.e. proximity to competition), the focus of the program at that time, etc. Generally speaking, sets will be 1-3 reps at anywhere from 70-100%. The snatch may be used for technique or speed training at lighter weights, power and strength training for the lift at moderate weights, and strength training and testing at heavy weights. Weightlifters will typically perform snatches in some form at least 2-3 days per week and as frequently as every training session.
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This Science quiz is called 'Seasons And Weather - Recording The Weather' and it has been written by teachers to help you if you are studying the subject at elementary school. Playing educational quizzes is an enjoyable way to learn if you are in the 3rd, 4th or 5th grade - aged 8 to 11.
It costs only $12.50 per month to play this quiz and over 3,500 others that help you with your school work. You can subscribe on the page at Join Us
You have studied the weather at school. You may have kept a weather diary and seen how it changes from season to season. In a weather diary you observe, measure and record what the weather was like. You may have taken the temperature. You may have observed which way the wind was blowing. You may have measured how much rain had fallen. This quiz is all about recording the weather.
Click on the pictures for a closer look.
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They appear with no warning and cause no end of problems. In the past fortnight we've seen at least eight sink holes in the South East.
Last week the M2 was closed for hours as a crater appeared next to the carriageway.
On Sunday half of a street in Watford was evacuated when a 20 foot deep chasm opened
Sink holes are caused when the underlying rock is washed away - more exactly by the acid picked up by rain water as it passes through rotting vegetation. That creates cavities underground which streams can flow through - the more water that flows the quicker the erosion
It's the sheer amount of rain water which has accelerated the damage - and we're not out of the woods yet. With two weeks left till the end of February we've already seen the wettest winter since records began back in 1910. We may be feeling the effects for many more weeks to come.
See Martin's report on sink holes in the south east.
Watch this video from the British Geological Survey on how sinkholes form.
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Elderly nursing home residents are at increased risk for a variety of dangerous conditions, diseases, and injuries. Even mealtimes can be dangerous, especially if you suffer from dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). Dysphagia can lead to dangerous food obstructions, aspiration of food into the lungs, pneumonia, or other upper respiratory infections.
People with dysphagia have difficulty swallowing and may be accompanied by pain. Dysphagia can vary in severity. If you suffer from only mild dysphagia, you might have to stop eating for a minute or two, especially if you do not chew your food well enough or eat too fast. However, severe dysphagia is a serious medical condition that could prevent you from consuming adequate calories, which can require medical attention or even a feeding tube.
The act of swallowing requires the coordination of about 50 pairs of muscles and nerves. When you swallow, your tongue pushes the food to the back of your throat (oropharynx), where muscle contractions move the food through your pharynx to the top of your esophagus, then past your windpipe into your esophagus, where sphincters (bands of muscles) open and close to let food into your stomach. [ – picture of throat] [– diagram showing the act of swallowing]
Symptoms of dysphagia include: not being able to swallow, pain when swallowing, feeling as if food is stuck in your throat or chest, drooling, hoarseness, throwing up food, heartburn, unexpected weight loss, and coughing or gagging when swallowing.
Causes of dysphagia
Dysphagia can be caused by many different conditions that interfere with swallowing. Esophageal dysphagia is difficulty passing food down the esophagus. It gives the feeling of food being caught in your throat or chest. This can be caused by:
- Achalasia – the lower esophageal muscle does not relax properly to allow food to pass into your stomach
- Aging – the esophagus loses muscle strength and coordination as you age
- Diffuse spasm – after you swallow, you experience multiple, high-pressure, poorly coordinated esophageal contractions
- Esophageal stricture – narrowing of the esophagus, which makes it easier for food to get caught
- Esophageal tumors
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) – stomach acid backs up into your esophagus, which damages the tissue
- Eosinophilic esophagitis – overpopulation of cells in the esophagus
- Scleroderma – development of scar-like tissue, causing stiffening and hardening of tissues
- Radiation therapy – can lead to inflammation and scarring of the esophagus
Oropharyngeal dysphagia is difficulty emptying material from your oropharynx (back of the mouth) into the esophagus. It is caused by problems relating to your nerves and muscles which weaken your throat muscles, making it more difficult to swallow. This can be caused by:
- Neurological disorders – post-polio syndrome, multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s disease
- Neurological damage – stroke, brain injury, or spinal cord injury can cause certain neurological damage
- Pharyngeal diverticula – a small pouch forms and collects food pieces in your throat
With some cases of dysphagia, there is no anatomical cause. This can present itself as difficulty taking oral medications or the sensation of a lump in your throat when no lump exists.
Consequences of untreated dyphagia
Severe dysphagia can lead to malnutrition and dehydration if you cannot eat enough food or drink enough liquids to stay healthy. Dysphagia can also lead to respiratory problems if food or liquid enters your airway. This can lead to respiratory problems and infections including pneumonia or upper respiratory infections (URIs).
Treatment of dysphagia is usually directed at the specific cause. However, if complete obstruction occurs, a doctor will perform an emergent upper endoscopy to see inside the upper GI tract. The doctor can then treat any masses or lesions, or even remove an impacted food mass. A barium x-ray can also be performed to allow the doctor to see changes in your esophagus and assess your esophageal muscles.
Some people who suffer from dysphagia benefit from changes in how they eat including changing head position, doing dry swallows, and doing strength and coordination exercises for the tongue. Some people with severe dysphagia require the use of a gastronomy tube in order to receive adequate nutrition.
Older adults are particularly at risk for dysphagia
Dysphagia is more common in older adults because of decreased muscle strength, including the muscles in the esophagus. As many as 22% of adults over 50 years of age suffer from dysphagia. The esophagus suffers normal wear and tear as you age, which can make swallowing more difficult. Also, older adults are more likely to suffer from conditions (listed above) that can make swallowing difficult, including stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and cancer. Dysphagia can potentially compromise an elderly resident’s nutritional status, which increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia.
Because older adults have an increased risk for dysphagia and choking, nursing home staff should take extra care to monitor residents, who have a history of problems swallowing, during mealtimes. Staff members should also take the time to supervise chewing and swallowing exercises to encourage residents to take small bites, focusing on chewing and swallowing. This requires a great deal of supervision by nursing home staff, which might be difficult when numerous residents have dysphagia or trouble swallowing.
Dysphagia or difficulty swallowing can be a dangerous condition for elderly nursing home residents. This is because they often have weakened esophageal muscles, which makes choking more likely. It is important to notify nursing home staff if your family member has difficulty swallowing, so staff can closely monitor them during mealtimes.
Special thanks to Heather Keil, J.D. for her assistance with this Nursing Homes Abuse Blog entry.
Medicine Net: Dysphagia
American Family Physician: Evaluating Dysphagia
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association: Communication Facts: Special Populations: Dysphagia-2008 Edition
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Climate change is the greatest ecological challenge of our time, threatening human, animal and plant populations across the world. Once a debated issue, climate change has now become a well-agreed upon fact. Over 41,000 scientists from the American Geophysical Union, US National Academy of Sciences and the American Meteorological Society agree that the situation is both real and dire. Deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels are two of the main causes of changing climate. These two practices lead to the buildup of several greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, notably carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases serve as a barrier to the infrared radiation that is reflected off the Earth’s surface. This barrier prevents the radiation from escaping the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in temperature in the lower atmosphere and at the Earth’s surface. The effect of climate change will be shifting weather patterns that result in natural catastrophes such as flooding; weather anomalies such as the increased frequency of hurricanes recently witnessed in the United States; and a rise in sea level that will cause coastal flooding around the world.
It is possible to make purchases that are less harmful to the atmosphere. The table below outlines some basic ideas to keep in mind when purchasing products in order to have a minimal impact:
|Buy recycled content||When feasible, look for products—particularly paper—that are made from recycled content. Doing so will help decrease the trees that must be cut down and the barrels of oil burned during virgin resource extraction.|
|Avoid petroleum products||Petroleum based products can have a high energy cost associated with them, which usually equates to the burning of more fossil fuel. (See the Plastic and Rubber sections.)|
|Buy carbon offsets||This can be done to offset the carbon emissions for which you are responsible, making your net carbon impact zero.|
|Purchase energy efficient products||Purchasing energy efficient products can greatly reduce the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere during electricity production.|
- Reduce business travel to essential trips only.
- Encourage employees to walk, bike, take public transportation or carpool to work—offer incentives to encourage best practice behavior.
- Consider participating in a public tree planting effort or organize your own.
- If feasible, ask your building maintenance to mow the grass using a non-motorized lawnmower.
- Practice energy saving techniques.
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PhysOrg.com brings news and a video of a new 3D patterning technique from IBM that reaches down to 15 nm resolution which “could go even smaller”:
IBM Research in Zurich has demonstrated a new nanoscale patterning technique that could replace electron beam lithography (EBL). The demonstration carved a 1:5 billion scale three-dimensional model of the Matterhorn, a 4,478 meter high mountain lying on the border between Italy and Switzerland, to show how their technique could be used for a number of applications, such as creating nanoscale lenses on silicon chips for carrying optical circuits at a scale so small that electronic circuits are inefficient…
The demonstration also sculpted a relief map of the world that measured 22 by 11 micrometers. According to the IBM press release the scale of the map is so small 1,000 of them could be drawn on a single grain of salt. IBM says the current technology can go as small as 15 nanometers, but in the future could go even smaller.
See also the abstract from Science. Impressive top-down nanotech: who knows how small they will go? —Chris Peterson
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Crater Lake has its first reported earthquake since 2015
Scientists are excited about the ground rumblings at Crater Lake National Park but it's more academic than any threat to the public.
On June 9, at approximately 1800 UTC (11 a.m. Pacific) an M 1.3 earthquake occurred under Crater Lake at a depth approximately 2 km below sea level.
"You're looking at three or four miles down from the surface," Seismologist Wes Thelen said.
The event was followed by around two dozen aftershocks over the next 12 hours. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey's Cascade Volcano Observatory in Vancouver, Washington poured over the spectrogram and the readings from the four seismometers in the caldera including one on Wizard Island.
Thelen said the initial earthquake was near the southeast rim of Crater Lake near the Dutton Cliff. He also said that though it doesn't happen often, it doesn't mean that the volcano can't experience earthquakes.
"We don't see a lot of earthquakes here," Thelen said. "This is more or less normal for the volcano to have earthquakes."
The last mention of a series of aftershocks to an earthquake, or a swarm, was May 2015 with four volcano tectonic earthquakes. Most VT earthquakes are not tied to the movement of magma in the volcano but rather a response from a weak fault moving in the area.
Prior to that, in April 2014 there were around 20 VT earthquakes, with four located about the same depth and location. Historically, there were others in 1994 and 1920.
While Crater Lake is an active volcano, it's been 4,800 years since the old Mount Mazama blew up. Thelen said he doesn't think it's going to erupt anytime soon.
Volcano Observatory also noted that although Crater Lake is an active volcano, there is no current danger.
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Friday marks the 16th annual Take Your Dog to Work Day, but many canines already have careers of their own. USA TODAY Network looks at five jobs dogs hold.
YOUR TAKE: Show us your furry friends hard at work!
1. Law enforcement
Canines are used to sniff explosives, weapons and drugs. They're also trained to protect police officers and search for missing people. German shepherds are often used on K9 teams because they're highly trainable and very loyal, according to the American Kennel Club.
2. Sled puller
Dogs have been pulling sleds for generations. In Alaska, sled dogs have competed in the long-distance Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race since 1973. Competitors start the race with a team of 16 dogs that pull the sleds about 1,000 miles from Anchorage to Nome.
3. Guide for the impaired
Some dogs can be trained to help blind and visually-impaired individuals navigate their day-to-day activities. In the United States, guide dogs can accompany individuals into any business or other establishment that the general public can access.
4. Conservation aide
Dogs are being trained and used for environmental protection efforts. Organizations like Working Dogs for Conservation are training canines to identify invasive plants and help with weed eradication projects. Dogs are also trained to identify various types of animal scat that help researchers track animal behavior.
5. Truffle hunter
Truffle hunting doesn't just belong to pigs. Dogs are also good at finding the valuable fungi. The Lagotto Romagnolo, an Italian breed, specializes "in truffle-searching on any kind of ground," according to the Lagotto Club of America.
Follow @lagrisham on Twitter
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MORRISTOWN, Tenn. (WVLT) -- You may have noticed warnings about dangerous storms have gotten a lot more accurate. That's due in part to improvements to the National Weather Service radar in Morristown.
Radar is an important tool we use to show you what the weather is, where its been and where it's going. Decades before radar, we relied on reports from meteorologists and trained weather spotters.
The old radar was fitted with a lot of new components, helping it to not only see in the horizontal, but the vertical too. And that helps meteorologist tremendously when it comes to severe weather. It's now called a dual polarization radar. Traditional radar sends out only a horizontal signal that bounces off anything it hits, picking up the signal as it returns. That's how it knows where the rain, hail, or even a tornado might be. This new improved radar is more accurate.
Dave Holz is a meteorologist at the National Weather Service in Morristown and says, "We can tell much better if these particles are coming down as rainfall, or large hail. Another thing we can see is the type of debris that maybe a tornado is producing."
A tornado will wrap all kinds of stuff around it, like pieces of houses it destroys. This can now be tracked by radar, confirming a tornado.
Dave adds, "You can see some greens, some yellows, and some blues. This definitely represents what we call a tornado debris ball."
Hail can also be destructive. So knowing where it is, how big it is, and where it's going is crucial.
"In this case here, everything that's in red that you notice, is being diagnosed as hail", Dave says.
New improved technology, we use everyday to keep you safe. Mike Simon, VLT Local 8 News.
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Why a Plant-Based Diet May Not Always Result in Weight Loss
Many people adopt a plant-based diet for various reasons, such as to improve their health or environment. However, a plant-based diet may not result in weight loss as expected for some individuals. This can be frustrating and confusing, but it’s important to understand that weight gain on a plant-based diet can happen for several reasons. In this article, we will be shedding light on the common causes of weight gain on a plant-based diet and providing tips on overcoming them.
One reason for weight gain on a plant-based diet is consuming too many processed foods high in calories. Many plant-based alternatives to animal products, such as vegan cheese and plant-based burgers, can be high in calories and contribute to weight gain if consumed in excess. Eating too many nuts, seeds, and avocados can also contribute to weight gain, as these foods are high in healthy fats and calories.
Another reason for weight gain on a plant-based diet is protein deficiency. Protein is vital for preserving muscle mass, and if you don’t consume enough of it, your body may start to break down muscle tissue, leading to weight gain.
It’s also important to stay active when on a plant-based diet. Not getting adequate physical exercise can lead to weight gain, regardless of the type of diet you’re following.
In this article, we will discuss these common causes of weight gain on a plant-based diet in more detail and provide practical tips on overcoming them. By understanding why weight gain can occur on a plant-based diet and taking steps to address them, you can successfully lose weight while still enjoying the many benefits of a plant-based diet.
Also Read About
Too many High-Calorie Processed Foods:
One reason for weight gain on a plant-based diet is that some individuals may consume too many high-calorie, processed foods. Just because a food is plant-based does not mean it is automatically healthy. Many plant-based alternatives to animal products, such as vegan cheese and plant-based burgers, are highly processed and high in calories. These foods can easily contribute to weight gain if consumed in excess.
Lack of Protein:
Another reason for weight gain on a plant-based diet is a lack of protein. A diet high in carbohydrates and low in protein can lead to a weight boost, as carbohydrates can be easily stored as fat in the body. On a plant-based diet, it’s important to ensure that you get enough protein from sources such as beans, lentils, and tofu.
Too many Nuts, Seeds, and avocados: Additionally, some people may be eating too many nuts, seeds, and avocados which are all healthy options but high in fats and calories. While these foods are important sources of healthy fats and nutrients, it’s essential to be mindful of portion sizes, as they are calorie-dense.
Not Being Active Enough: Lastly, not being active enough can also be a reason for weight gain on a plant-based diet. Eating a healthy diet is just one piece of the puzzle regarding weight loss and overall health. Regular exercises, such as cardio and strength training, are essential for maintaining a healthy weight.
How to start a plant-based diet
A plant-based diet focuses on plant foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. To start a plant-based diet, you can begin by incorporating more fruits and vegetables in your meals and slowly decreasing your consumption of animal products.
Make a plan: Decide what foods you will eat and when, and create a grocery list of items you need.
Experiment with new foods: Try different fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds to find new favorites.
Be prepared: Keep healthy plant-based snacks on hand, such as fruits, raw veggies, or nuts, to curb cravings and prevent overeating.
Educate yourself: Learn about the health benefits of a plant-based diet and how to meet your nutrient needs without animal products.
Find support: Connect with other people following a plant-based diet, whether it’s friends, family, or online communities.
Be flexible: Remember that it’s okay to slip up and eat something, not on your plan. Don’t be too hard on yourself, and get back on track.
If you are gaining weight on a plant-based diet, it’s important to take a closer look at your eating habits and overall lifestyle. By being mindful of portion sizes, choosing whole foods over processed options, and making sure you are getting enough protein and exercise, you can ensure that you can achieve your weight loss goals while still maintaining a plant-based diet. A plant-based diet can effectively improve health and achieve weight loss, but it’s important to be mindful of certain factors that can contribute to weight gain. By focusing on whole foods, watching portion sizes, getting enough protein, and staying active, you can avoid weight gain and still enjoy the many benefits of a plant-based diet. Additionally, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before making any extreme changes to your diet, especially if you are pregnant, has a medical condition, or are an athlete. Remember that weight gain is not something to be ashamed of, and it’s important to be patient with yourself. Remember that weight loss is not a one-size-fits-all process, and finding what works best for you is important. With some planning and attention, you can still achieve your health and weight loss goals while following a plant-based diet.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
- Can a plant-based diet lead to weight gain?Yes, a plant-based diet can lead to weight gain if certain factors such as consuming too many processed foods, lacking protein, eating too many high-fat foods, and not being active enough are not addressed.
- What are some common reasons for weight gain on a plant-based diet?Some common reasons for weight gain on a plant-based diet include consuming too many high-calorie, processed foods, lacking protein, eating too many nuts, seeds, and avocados, and not being active enough.
- How can I avoid weight gain on a plant-based diet?To prevent weight gain on a plant-based diet, it is necessary to concentrate on whole foods, watch portions, eat enough protein, and stay active.
- Are there any specific foods that can contribute to weight gain on a plant-based diet?Processed plant-based alternatives to animal products, such as vegan cheese and plant-based burgers, nuts, seeds, and avocado, can contribute to weight gain if consumed in excess.
- Is it possible to lose weight on a plant-based diet?Yes, it is possible to lose weight on a plant-based diet, as long as the diet is balanced and the individual is mindful of portion sizes, chooses whole foods over processed options, and ensures they get enough protein and exercise.
- What are the benefits of a plant-based diet?A plant-based diet has been shown to have numerous health benefits, such as reducing the risk of heart disease, certain types of cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, it is a sustainable and environmentally friendly way of eating.
- Can I get enough protein on a plant-based diet?It is possible to get enough protein on a plant-based diet by consuming plant-based protein sources such as beans, lentils, and tofu. It is essential to include various protein sources in your diet to ensure you are getting all the necessary amino acids.
- Is a plant-based diet suitable for athletes?Yes, a plant-based diet can be suitable for athletes as long as they are consuming enough calories and protein to fuel their training and recovery. Many professional athletes, such as Venus Williams and Lewis Hamilton, have successfully adopted plant-based diets.
- Are there any supplements I should take on a plant-based diet?Some individuals on a plant-based diet may benefit from taking vitamin B12, which is typically found in animal products. It is also important to monitor your intake of iron, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids which are essential nutrients that are commonly found in animal products and can be hard to find in plant-based sources.
- Can a plant-based diet be suitable for children and pregnant women?A plant-based diet can be suitable for children and pregnant women as long as it is well-planned and provides all the necessary nutrients. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before making any drastic changes to your diet during pregnancy.
Can a plant-based diet cure sleep apnea?There is evidence that a plant-based diet may benefit individuals with sleep apnea. Studies show that a plant-based diet can lead to weight loss, a significant risk factor for sleep apnea. Additionally, a plant-based diet is typically low in saturated fat, which can help to reduce inflammation in the body, including in the airway.
Some people have reported improved sleep apnea symptoms when switching to a plant-based diet. However, it’s important to note that sleep apnea is a complex medical condition, and many factors can contribute to its development and progression. A plant-based diet may be one of the methods to improve sleep apnea symptoms, but it is not a cure and should be done in consultation with a healthcare professional. It’s also important to note that other lifestyle differences, such as losing weight, quitting smoking, and avoiding alcohol and sedatives, can also help to improve sleep apnea symptoms.
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For centuries trade moved slowly, mostly over land. See how this changed at the start of the sixteenth century when ocean going ships began to carry materials and products across the globe. Interwoven Globe: The Worldwide Textile Trade, 1500–1800 is the first major exhibition to explore the international transmittal of design and technology through the medium of textiles. It highlights an important story that has never before been told from a truly global perspective.
WHAT WE DID
To help visitors contextualize where and when objects in the exhibition are from, the first gallery features a large animated "time scape". As the timeline animates, the map zooms and pans into position and informational overlays animate on the maps to show locations of textile production, consumption, ports of call, and trade routes.
The projection was positioned outside of primary sight lines and away from objects to avoid distracting from the art.
HOW WE DID IT
Wireframe screen comps based on an initial script outline helped curators and exhibition designers get a sense of how the interactive animation would work and what information would appear on screen:
A base map with land surface, shallow water, shaded topography, and vegetation was created using NASA imagery:
Apple Motion was used to composite and animate the timeline and trade routes. The final production file has over 80 layers and 150 keyframes:
CHALLENGES WE FACED
Originally we planned for the animation to be interactive, controlled by a small touch screen mounted on a pedestal in front of the projector. The inspiration for this came from The Getty Villa's Timescape. This functionality would have required the development of a custom iOS app, that was later determined to be beyond the scope of work for a special exhibition.
The slideshows were going to feature representative artworks from the exhibition that correspond to each time period, much like this animation. A rough cut animation with this additional content helped us determine that the animation was too long (>5 mins) for in-gallery presentation. This additional level of information is better suited for online presentation and in scholarly publications.
Produced for The Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibition Interwoven Globe: The Worldwide Textile Trade, 1500–1800, in 2013.
FORMAT AND PRESENTATION
Three-minute animation, running in a continuous loop on a Mac Mini and short-throw projector.
Creative director and producer: Paco Link
Production coordinator: Staci Hou
Curators: Amelia Peck and Amy Bogansky
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Tolerance, or engineering tolerance, is the permissible limit of variation of a given value. In the context of tolerance of CNC plasma tables, “tolerance” refers to how much the final product can deviate from the initial dimensions.
Parts need to work together, and for that, they need to be mutually compatible dimension-wise. Incompatible tolerance of different parts will lead to dysfunctionality.
It’s better to have finer and more accurate cuts, but at the same time, it’s more expensive. That’s why there should be a balance between the tolerance and cost of the cutting process. The end product needs to be of quality but also cost-effective.
In the article, we will cover the process of determining tolerance and the various levels it can be set to.
Tolerance of CNC Plasma Table
CNC plasma cutting is a process of cutting metals using a plasma torch. It is a fast and precise procedure, but still, it might be imperfect. As long as that imperfection allows the part to function, we call it tolerance. The tolerance can be over or under the nominal value, meaning the item can be bigger or smaller than projected.
Managing these deviations to construct functioning parts is important for the functionality of the product, as well as its quality and profitability. Executing more precise cuts with lower tolerance requires better machinery, which costs more money, and the process takes longer.
It is important to remember that it’s impossible to create two parts that are exactly the same regardless of the quality of the machine.
Why is tolerance important?
Having adequate tolerance is essential because of the concept of interchangeable parts. This means that one part of a machine can seamlessly fit onto another machine. It allows for malfunctioning parts to be replaced faster and at a reduced cost because there would be no need to make each part with customized dimensions.
This concept allows for automation as it removes the need for fitting or adjusting individual parts. Industrialist Eli Whitney presented this idea in front of Congress in 1801, and its implementation further amplified the industrial revolution.
In CNC plasma table cutting, tolerance is important as it determines the cut quality, efficiency, and functionality of each part.
Regardless of what tolerance demands you have received from your clients or engineers, SquickMons can provide the best CNC plasma table options to satisfy any requirement. Visit our website and choose your optimal tool to elevate your business to the next level.
Source: shutterstock.com / Photo Contributor: Mark Stewart
Standard tolerance of CNC plasma table
CNC plasma tables can produce interchangeable parts with consistent measures and quality. The standard acceptable deviation ranges at 0.005 inches. This means that the part’s dimensions can vary up to that amount and nothing more.
According to DIN ISO 2768 standard, there are four general levels of tolerance:
- Very coarse
Medium has a permissible deviation of ±0.004 inches. The fine tolerance level allows for ±0.002 inches deviation, coarse has a ±0.008, and very coarse is at ±0.02 inches.
Improving the accuracy of cuts
There are various factors that contribute to the execution of more accurate cuts.
The smoothness of the CNC table
A smooth and accurate motion control of the CNC table is guaranteed to contribute to more accurate cuts. Moreover, the table has to have the capacity to handle the weight of the material.
The CNC table needs to be flat for the torch to follow the design. If it’s not flat, the torch will move astray, and the end product will be bad. Make sure that the table is not bent in any way, and take several other precautions, like cleaning and lubricating the table.
Appropriate cutting parameters
Cutting parameters like speed, amperage, voltage, gas type, pressure, and kerf width have to be adjusted to suit the type of material.
- “Current” determines the thickness and speed of the cuts.
- “Cutting speed” is the tempo at which the torch moves along the path. The “optimal speed” is relative to the type of material.
- “Arc voltage” determines the cut quality, as an improper amount can cause bad-quality cuts.
- The “type of gas” determines the energy of the plasma arc and the chemical reaction it will cause with the given material. The most common types used are air, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- “Gas pressure” affects the velocity of the plasma jet and the stability of the arc.
- “Kerf width” determines the width of the cut.
Torch height control
THC, or “torch height control”, is another important factor when getting a CNC plasma table and the accuracy of its cuts. It measures the arc voltage and adjusts the length of the arc accordingly. It is a device that automatically adjusts the distance between the torch and the item that’s being cut.
THC can be standalone and integrated, i.e., it can either operate independently from the CNC controller, or it can be integrated and controlled alongside the torch. The standalone THC is useful for hobbyists and beginners as their CNC plasma tables likely won’t have it built in.
The parts that wear out are called “consumables”. The quality and efficiency of the cuts depend on the quality of the consumables on the plasma torch. The consumable components of the plasma torch are the swirl ring, electrode, nozzle, retaining cap, shield cap, and drag shield.
Each of the consumables affects the quality of the cuts and the tolerance levels of the CNC plasma table. The swirl ring affects the temperature and stability of the plasma arc; the electrode affects the current, the nozzle affects the velocity of the plasma jet, etc.
This is why for optimal cuts with the desired tolerance, it is imperative to change them when they show signs of damage. Common signs of them being worn down include cracks, chips, erosion, enlargements, cracks, dents, and burns.
The consumables have to be replaced before they are completely worn out because otherwise, they can cause damage to your cuts.
The applications of tight and loose tolerance
Referring to tolerance as “tight” and “loose” is just another way to describe the amount of tolerance. Tight means that the tolerance is low, and loose means that there’s higher tolerance allowed.
Tight tolerance means that the tolerance is low and that the cuts need to be as accurate as possible. This is implemented when there is high demand for quality. Having tight tolerance guarantees high functionality and quality of the product.
When the objects have delicate geometries and intricate shapes, they may be required to have a low tolerance. It can be for cutting out small holes or making very sharp corners to look like spikes, etc.
Aerospace and medical industry machines tend to require tighter tolerance. Manufacturing some mechanical and electrical parts may require tight tolerance in order to fit with other components. Examples include bolts, nuts, gears, flanges, gaskets, etc.
If you provide tight tolerance measures to all elements of a given project, the cost may go through the roof. Not everything is worthy of applying tight tolerance, and there are elements where loose tolerance can be applied as long as the functionality remains high.
For artisans and hobbyists, the tolerance of CNC plasma table is looser. Works such as signs, logos, sculptures, ornaments, etc., tend not to require tight tolerance.
Inspection of the cuts is necessary to determine the quality and adherence to the designated tolerance levels. It’s first performed visually using a magnifying glass, and the inspector looks for obvious flaws.
After that, there are various methods for measuring the dimensions. Caliper and gauge measurements use simple tools that help determine the size and shape of the item. There are more advanced ways of measuring, like CMMs, that record the coordinates and compare them with the original design.
- Caliper measurement helps determine the thickness, width, length, diameter, or depth of a part.
- Gauge measuring allows you to determine if the item fits into a certain shape.
- CMM stands for “coordinate measuring machine”, and it gives the highest degree of accuracy. It is used to inspect the dimensions, cut angles, and the overall quality of the cuts.
Tolerance is the acceptable range of deviation from the initial dimensions of a given part. The amount of tolerance allowed depends on the design and the functionality of the part in spite of the deviation.
Having a universally accepted concept of tolerance is important as it allows for parts to be easily replaced and mass created.
In order to adhere to tight tolerance standards and demands, the CNC plasma table needs to be well and adequately equipped with working consumables.
After finishing the cuts, an inspection is performed in order to determine the level of tolerance of the CNC plasma table and its performance.
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Stonewall Jackson Died 150 Years Ago Today
Old Virginia Blog ^ | 05/10/2013 | Richard Williams
Posted on Friday, May 10, 2013 7:33:49 AM by Davy Buck
Stonewall Jackson was shot by one of his own men at about 9:00 p.m. on the evening of May 2, 1863 at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
After Jackson’s accidental wounding, his body servant and friend, Jim Lewis was one of his constant companions and comforters as he faced his final enemy.
By 2:00 a.m., May 3,
Jackson was . . .
Read more at oldvirginiablog.blogspot.com …
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Jewish World Review June 28, 2000 / 25 Sivan, 5760
You say: "Williams, what's wrong with you? America without the Bill of Rights is unthinkable!" Let's look at it.
After the 1787 Constitutional Convention, there were intense ratification debates about the proposed Constitution. Both James Madison and Alexander Hamilton expressed grave reservations about Thomas Jefferson's, George Mason's and others insistence that the Constitution be amended by the Bill of Rights. It wasn't because they had little concern with liberty guarantees. Quite to the contrary, they were concerned about the loss of liberties.
Alexander Hamilton expressed his concerns in Federalist Paper No. 84, "(B)ills of rights ... are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous." Hamilton asks, "For why declare that things shall not be done (by Congress) which there is no power to do?
Why, for instance, should it be said that the liberty of the press shall not be restrained, when no power is given (to Congress) by which restrictions may be imposed?"
Hamilton's argument was that Congress can only do what the Constitution specifically gives it authority to do. Powers not granted belong to the people and the states. Another way of putting Hamilton's concern: Why have an amendment prohibiting Congress from infringing on our right to play hopscotch when the Constitution gives Congress no authority to infringe upon our hopscotch rights in the first place?
Hamilton added that a Bill of Rights would "contain various exceptions to powers not granted; and, on this very account, would afford a colorable pretext to claim more (powers) than were granted. ... (It) would furnish, to men disposed to usurp, a plausible pretense for claiming that power."
Going back to our hopscotch example, those who would usurp our G-d-given liberties might enact a law banning our playing hide-and-seek. They'd justify their actions by claiming that nowhere in the Constitution is there a guaranteed right to play hide-and-seek. They'd say, "hopscotch yes, but hide-and-seek, no."
To mollify Hamilton's fears about how a Bill of Rights might be used as a pretext to infringe on human rights, the Framers added the Ninth Amendment. The Ninth Amendment reads: "The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."
Boiled down to its basics, the Ninth Amendment says it's impossible to list all of our G-d-given or natural rights. Just because a right is not listed doesn't mean it can be in fringed upon or disparaged by the U.S. Congress.
Applying the Ninth Amendment to our example: Just because playing hopscotch is listed and hide-and-seek is not doesn't mean that we don't have a right to play hide-and-seek.
How do courts see the Ninth Amendment today? It's more than a safe bet to say that courts, as well as lawyers, treat the Ninth Amendment with the deepest of contempt. In fact, I believe that if any appellant's lawyer argued Ninth Amendment protections on behalf of his client, he would be thrown out of court, if not disbarred. That's what the Ninth Amendment has come to mean today.
I believe we all have a right to privacy, but how do you think a Ninth
Amendment argument claiming privacy rights would fly with
information-gathering agencies like the Internal Revenue Service? Try to
assert your rights to privacy in dealing with the IRS and other government
agencies, and I'll send you cigarettes and candy while you're in
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the challenge of understanding the human auditory brain
Physical variability of speech combined with its perceptual constancy make speech recognition a challenging task. The human auditory brain, however, is able to perform speech recognition effortlessly.
How does the auditory brain learn to robustly recognise auditory objects, such as naturally spoken words, in a transform invariant manner even despite the huge variability within the raw auditory wave inputs? What are the areas within the extensive auditory brain hierarchy that are important for this task? What is the simplest neural code sufficient to represent the learnt auditory objects within the output layers of the auditory brain hierarchy? Does the brain use rate or temporal encoding to represent auditory objects? These are some of the questions that we are trying to address.
making sense of sound
Neurophysiological studies have provided insights into the architecture and response properties of different areas within the auditory brain hierarchy, however the precise computational mechanisms used to learn stimulus specific transform invariant representations of auditory objects, such as phonemes or words, are currently unknown. In order to understand these computational mechanisms, we have developed an unsupervised spiking neural network model grounded in the known neurophysiology of the auditory brain. This model can be used to make neurophysiologically testable hypotheses about the mechanisms used by the brain to perform auditory object recognition. We are working closely with the Oxford Auditory Neuroscience Group to test the hypothesis generated by the model. Furthermore, the model can be used as a prototype for developing a novel approach to automatic speech recognition (ASR), which, due to its grounding in the neurophysiology of the auditory brain, should be able to cope with the robustness problems that current modern ASR systems are struggling to solve, such as speaker variability and speech recognition in noise among others.
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Knowing and understanding how these food sources are impacted by habitat changes will help biologists in the recovery and management of threatened and endangered fish species.
Washington, D.C. (PRWEB) July 15, 2016
Quantifying the vital food supply for threatened and endangered fish has been complicated for scientists. But that may be changing. Through a Bureau of Reclamation prize competition, five ideas were selected that have merit and may lead to breakthroughs quantifying the drift invertebrates in river and estuary systems.
"Drift invertebrates are insects that drift through rivers and estuaries and are the basic building blocks in a river ecosystem," Commissioner Estevan López said. "Knowing and understanding how these food sources are impacted by habitat changes will help biologists in the recovery and management of threatened and endangered fish species."
The two top-ranked solutions were submitted by Edem Tsikata, Ph.D. Tsikata has a Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University and is currently working as a researcher at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. His top ranked solution proposed using commercially available digital holographic imaging equipment with modifications that would enable successful identification and quantification of invertebrates in rivers and estuary environments. This was the only submission meeting all the solution technical requirements stated in the prize competition. A team of federal researchers are now considering approaches to further develop, scale-up and test this concept.
Tsikata's second place solution proposed using high resolution sonar. Although not readily apparent that this solution could meet all the stated technical requirements, it demonstrated sufficient merit for Reclamation to further explore how it can make this concept work. He will receive $17,500 for submitting the two ideas. The ideas will be further explored and tested by Reclamation and other federal government entities.
Other solutions identified to have sufficient merit to be awarded prizes include:
- Matt Vaillancourt submitted a design for an examination chamber where water could be collected and processed with the capability to electronically identify and quantify the various drift invertebrates in the water. A $5,000 prize has been awarded to secure a license that will allow the federal government to further develop, test and use this concept. Vaillancourt has a degree in mechanical engineering from California Polytechnic State University with an emphasis in mechatronics and is now working on projects that integrate complimentary technologies such as microcomputers, motion control, and 3D modeling.
- Ted Ground submitted a design for a continuous sampling device that uses air bubbles to lift and concentrate invertebrates at the water surface where imaging and cataloging could occur with an array of cameras. Mr. Ground has also received a $5,000 prize to secure a license that will allow the federal government to further develop, test and use this concept. Ground has a Master of Science degree in Aquatic Biology from Texas State University and is currently an independent technical consultant working on a wide variety of aquaculture, water quality and natural resources related projects.
- Michael May, Ph.D., proposed using an array of lensless cameras to search a volume of water backlit by a commercial flat-panel display. Lensless camera technology is low cost and has an infinite depth of focus. The federal government also secured a license to further develop, test and use this concept by awarding May a $2,500 prize. May earned his Ph.D. in physics from Johns Hopkins University and is currently the president of the technology and strategy consulting firm Dana Point Analytics.
The prize competition requested concept papers for new and improved methods and the theory behind the methods proposed. A total of 24 solutions were submitted for evaluation. A panel of federal fish biologists, ecologists and scientists from Reclamation and other collaborating agency experts evaluated the proposed solutions.
Reclamation collaborated with other agencies that have considerable interest in quantifying drift invertebrates including the NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. To learn more about this and other prize competitions by the Reclamation, please visit http://www.usbr.gov/research/challenges/index.html.
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| 0.954812 | 857 | 3.125 | 3 |
A win-win strategy for China’s ruminant consumption and global environment
Ruminant production is one of the major contributors to global environmental degradation. In the livestock sector, beef, mutton and milk production contributes 80% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) and 75% of ammonia (NH3) emissions. Rising demand for ruminant meat and dairy products in developing countries is expected to double anthropogenic greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from livestock by 2050. Without effective action in developing nations, rising demand for ruminant products is likely to push the global environment close to or beyond a sustainable threshold.
China is arguably the most important new consumer market for ruminant products, and consumption is increasing rapidly. We project that the demand for ruminant meat and dairy products in China will reach 17.8 and 77.8 kilogram per person per year by 2050, which is still only 48% and 30% of current USA values for ruminant meat and milk consumption, respectively. China has also become one of the largest global producers of ruminant products in its own right. In 2012, the total damage cost of GHG plus NH3 ($54.8 billion) is equal to nearly 50% of the gross annual value of ruminant production in China.
Changing consumption patterns also have a broader global environmental footprint beyond China. China’s consumption of ruminant meat and dairy products far outstrips domestic supply, and demand is increasingly supplemented by overseas imports of ruminant products and livestock feed. China has become the world’s largest net importer of dairy products and mutton, and the second largest net importer of beef. In 2012, China’s import of ruminant products and livestock feed transferred 12 Tg CO2-eq of GHG emissions and 42.8 Gg NH3 emissions to exporting nations (Fig. 1). It is worth emphasizing that, in stark contrast to trade in industrial goods that transfer the impacts from developed nations to developing nations, the impacts from ruminant production are transferring from developing to developed nations. These current transferred emissions figures are just the tip of the iceberg. According to our projections, China’s domestic production capacity will only meet 66% of ruminant meat demand and 48% of dairy demand by 2050. Assuming the supply gap continues to be met by international trade with no change in types of imports under current agreements with exporting countries, China will transfer emissions of a staggering 106 Tg CO2-eq and 0.65 Tg NH3 to the rest of world in 2050.
We carried out a quantitative scenario planning exercise to develop six scenarios of supply-side management for mitigating the high emissions predicted under the business-as-usual scenario. We considered potential short-term mitigation strategies via increased imports from nations with low emissions intensity in their production systems (green-source trade), and long-term mitigation via improving domestic technologies toward global best-practice in emissions control. Results showed that intensification of domestic production and globalized expansion through increased trade result in reductions in global emissions by nearly 30% over a business-as-usual scenario, but at the expense of trading partners absorbing the associated negative externalities of environmental degradation (Fig. 2). Only adoption of a mixed strategy combining global best-practice in sustainable intensification of domestic production, with increased green-source trading as a short-term coping strategy, can meet 2050 demand while minimizing the local and global environmental footprint of China’s ruminant consumption boom.
We believe this integrated strategy is also applicable to other developing nations with underdeveloped technology and rapidly increasing demand. As global consumption of ruminant products is increasing, there is no time to lose.
Yuanyuan Du, Ying Ge, Jie Chang
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
A global strategy to mitigate the environmental impact of China’s ruminant consumption boom
Du YY, Ge Y, Ren Y, Fan X, Pan KX, Lin LS, Wu X, Min Y, Meyerson LA, Heino M, Chang SX, Liu XZ, Mao F, Yang G, Peng CH, Qu ZL, Chang J & Didham RK
Nat Commun. 2018 Oct 8
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| 0.891844 | 872 | 2.859375 | 3 |
1. I behave in ways that make other people afraid of me.
2. I use my size and strength to influence people when I need to.
3. If I harm someone‚ I apologise and promise not to do it again.
4. I offer explanations before doing something that others might think is wrong
5. I justify my behavior to reduce negative reactions from others.
6. I tell people when I do well at tasks others find difficult.
7. I use my weaknesses to get sympathy from others.
8. I ask others to help me.
9. I express the same attitudes as others so they will accept me.
10.When I believe I will not perform well‚ I offer excuses beforehand.
11.I use flattery to win the favor of others.
12.I get sick when under a lot of pressure to do well.
13.I apologise when I have done something wrong.
14.I lead others to believe that I cannot do something in order to get help.
15.I try to serve as a model for how a person should behave.
17.I try to get the approval of others before doing something they might perceive negatively.
18.I try to make up for any harm I have done to others.
19.In telling others about things that I own‚ I also tell them of their value.
20.I point out the incorrect positions of the opposing political party.
21.I try to induce imitation by others by serving as a positive example.
22.When telling someone about past events‚ I claim more credit for doing positive things than was warranted by the actual events.
23.I tell people about my positive accomplishments.
24.I try to set an example for others to follow.
25.I justify beforehand actions others may not like.
26.I try to get others to act in the same positive way I do.
27.I have put others down in order to make myself look better.
28.I do favors for people in order to get them to like me.
29.I accept blame for bad behavior when it is clearly my fault.
30.I exaggerate the value of my accomplishments.
31.I hesitate and hope others will take responsibility for group tasks.
32.I threaten others when I think it will help me get what I want from them.
33.I express opinions that other people will like.
34.I say negative things about unpopular groups.
35.I try to convince others that I am not responsible for negative events.
36.When things go wrong‚ I explain why I am not responsible.
37.I act in ways I think others should act.
38.I tell others about my positive qualities.
39.When I am blamed for something‚ I make excuses.
40.I point out the positive things I do which other people fail to notice.
41.I do correct people who underestimate the value of gifts that I give to them.
42.Poor health has been responsible for my getting mediocre grades in school.
43.I help others so they will help me.
44.I offer socially acceptable reasons to justify behavior that others might not like.
45.When others view my behavior as negative‚ I offer explanations so that they will understand that my behavior was justified.
46.When working on a project with a group I make my contribution seem greater than it is.
47.I exaggerate the negative qualities of people who compete with me.
48.I make up excuses for poor performance.
49.I offer an excuse for possibly not performing well before taking a very difficult test.
50.I express remorse and guilt when I do something wrong.
51.I intimidate others.
52.When I want something‚ I try to look good.
53.I do not prepare well enough for exams because I get too involved in social activities.
54.I tell others they are stronger or more competent than me in order to get others to do things for me.
55.I claim credit for doing things I did not do.
56.I make negative statements about people belonging to rival groups.
57.I put obstacles in the way of my own success.
58.Anxiety interferes with my performances.
59.I do things to make people afraid of me so that they will do what I want.
60.When I succeed at a task‚ I emphasize to others how important the task was.
61.I offer good reasons for my behavior no matter how bad it may seem to others.
62.To avoid being blamed‚ I let others know that I did not intend any harm.
63.I compliment people to get them on my side.
64.After a negative action‚ I try to make others understand that if they had been in my position they would have done the same thing.
Excuse‚ Justification‚ Disclaimer‚ Self-handicapping‚ Apology‚ Ingratiation‚ Intimidation‚ Supplication‚ Entitlement‚ Enhancement‚ Blasting‚ Exemplification
Cronbach’s alpha coefficient 0.86 for the defensive self-presentation tactic and 0.91 for the assertive self-presentation tactic subscale‚ the whole Self-presentation Tactics Scale was found to be 0.93. (Leary et al‚ 2015)
(a) excuse (a = .83)‚ (b) justification (a = .81)‚ (c) disclaimer (a = .73)‚ (d) self-handicapping (a = .56)‚ (e) apology (a = .66)‚ (f) ingratiation (a = .81)‚ (g) intimidation (a = .84)‚ (h) supplication (a = .71)‚ (i) entitlement (a = .79)‚ (j) enhancement (a = .72)‚ (k) blasting (a = .76)‚ and (l) exemplification (a = .82)
1 (very infrequently) to 9 (very frequently)
Excuse (items 35‚ 36‚ 39‚ 48‚62)‚ Justification (items 5‚ 44‚ 45‚ 61‚ 64)‚ Disclaimer (items 4‚ 10‚ 25‚ 17‚ 49)‚ Self-handicapping (items 12‚ 42‚ 53‚ 57‚ 58)‚ Apology (items 3‚ 13‚ 18‚ 29‚ 50)‚ Ingratiation (items 9‚ 11‚ 28‚ 33‚ 38‚ 43‚ 52‚ 63)‚ Intimidation (items 1‚ 2‚ 32‚ 51‚ 59)‚ Supplication (items 7‚ 8‚ 14‚ 31‚ 54)‚ Entitlement (items 22‚ 23‚ 40‚ 45‚ 55)‚ Enhancement (items 6‚ 19‚ 30‚ 41‚ 60)‚ Blasting (20‚ 27‚ 34‚ 47‚ 56)‚ Exemplification (items 15‚ 21‚ 24‚ 26‚ 37) (Lewis‚ 2005)
Lee‚ S.‚ Quigley‚ B.M.‚ Nesler‚ M.S.‚ Corbett‚ A.B.‚ & Tedeschi‚ J.T. (1999). Development of a self-presentation tactics scale. Personality and Individual Differences‚ 26(4): 701-722.
Lewis‚ M.A. (2005). Self-Determination and the Use of Self-Presentation Strategies. Journal of Social Psychology‚ 145(4): 469-489
Leary‚ Mark R.‚ Jongman-Sereno‚ Katrina P.‚ and Diebels‚ Kate J. (2015). Measures of Concerns with Public Image and Social Evaluation. in Gregory Boyle‚ Donald H. Saklofske and Gerald Matthews.‚ Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs. Elsevier‚ Pages 448–473
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| 0.908862 | 1,768 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Crisis of Doubt
Honest Faith in Nineteenth-Century England
This item is a print on demand title and will be dispatched in 1-3 weeks.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Number of Pages: 330
Width: 24.5 cm
Height: 22.2 cm
The Victorian crisis of faith has dominated discussions of religion and the Victorians. Stories are frequently told of prominent Victorians such as George Eliot losing their faith. This crisis is presented as demonstrating the intellectual weakness of Christianity as it was assaulted by new lines of thought such as Darwinism and biblical criticism. This study serves as a corrective to that narrative. It focuses on freethinking and Secularist leaders who came to faith. As sceptics, they had imbibed all the latest ideas that seemed to undermine faith; nevertheless, they went on to experience a crisis of doubt, and then to defend in their writings and lectures the intellectual cogency of Christianity. The Victorian crisis of doubt was surprisingly large. Telling this story serves to restore its true proportion and to reveal the intellectual strength of faith in the nineteenth century.
Larsen gives us valuable and interesting accounts...A valuable book. * David Nash, English Historical Review * Tim Larsen has a keen eye for a good topic, and in Crisis of Doubt he has found his best yet...his text so closely mimicks the organisation of studies asserting the wider significance of plebeian doubt, there is a pleasing echo of the similarly robust publications produced by the protagonists on both sides of the debate between plebeian doubters and reconverts that Larsen has sympathetically and even-handedly reconstructed from his sources. * Arthur Burns, Journal of Ecclesiastical History * well-written and gently provocative book...this book is an excellent and challenging addition to the literature on nineteenth-century religious thought and should lead on to further study...It is also refreshing to read a book which is so well writtin that it is very hard to put down. * Mark D. Chapman, Journal of Theological Studies * insightful, well-research book. * Thomas Albert Howard, Journal of the American Association of Religion * A book which is so well written that it is very hard to put down. * Journal of Theological Studies * Tim Larsen has a keen eye for a good topic, and in...Crisis of Doubt...he has found his best yet. * Journal of Ecclesiastical History * This standard scholarly account has become so entrenched that it is rarely even questioned. Timothy Larsen challenges this common story, and does so brilliantly in Crisis of Doubt...[it] is a very welcome and timely study of how powerful many of those commonplace historical narratives can become - and of how important it is that we keep questioning them. * Harold K. Bush, Jr., Touchstone * Timothy Larsen challenges this common story, and does so brilliantly in Crisis of Doubt...Thus does Larsen accomplish here revisionist history at its very best...Scholars on this side of the Atlantic would do well to take Larsen's conclusions and apply then to American intellectual or literary history of the same period. Such research would undoubtedly uncover similar results. risis of Doubt is a very welcome and timely study of how powerful many of thos commonplace historical narratives can become, and of how important it is that we keep questioning them, especially when it appears that their veracity has become institutionalized and largely unquestioned. * Touchstone Magazine * Tim Larsen has indeed refreshed this field of study. He challenges us to refocus our attention and ask: was this an age marked more by crises of faith or crises of doubt? * Tony Cross, Faith and Freedom * Larsen's thesis is intriguing, and supported with a wealth of erudite evidence. * Anthony Kenny, TLS * Larsen's book is a reminder that you cannot measure the culture of an age by reference to a few controversial figures * Jeremy Morris, The Tablet * Larsen's book is a very interesting one. * Chruch Times *
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| 0.961539 | 819 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Heel pain is most often caused by plantar fasciitis, a condition that is sometimes also called heel spur syndrome when a spur is present. Heel pain may also be due to other causes, such as a stress fracture, tendonitis, arthritis, nerve irritation or, rarely, a cyst.
Because there are several potential causes, it is important to have heel pain properly diagnosed. A foot and ankle surgeon is able to distinguish between all the possibilities and to determine the underlying source of your heel pain.
Heel Pain Causes
The most common cause of plantar fasciitis relates to faulty structure of the foot. For example, people who have problems with their arches, either overly flat feet or high-arched feet, are more prone to developing plantar fasciitis.
Wearing nonsupportive footwear on hard, flat surfaces puts abnormal strain on the plantar fascia and can also lead to plantar fasciitis. This is particularly evident when one’s job requires long hours on the feet. Obesity and overuse may also contribute to plantar fasciitis.
Heel Pain Nonsurgical Treatment
Treatment of plantar fasciitis begins with first-line strategies, which you can begin at home:
- Stretching exercises. Exercises that stretch out the calf muscles help ease pain and assist with recovery.
- Avoid going barefoot. When you walk without shoes, you put undue strain and stress on your plantar fascia.
- Ice. Putting an ice pack on your heel for 20 minutes several times a day helps reduce inflammation. Place a thin towel between the ice and your heel; do not apply ice directly to the skin.
- Limit activities. Cut down on extended physical activities to give your heel a rest.
- Shoe modifications. Wearing supportive shoes that have good arch support and a slightly raised heel reduces stress on the plantar fascia.
- Medications. Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation.
If you still have pain after several weeks, come see us at Peoria AZ Foot and Ankle Specialists. Our doctors may add one or more of these treatment approaches:
- Padding, taping and strapping. Placing pads in the shoe softens the impact of walking. Taping and strapping help support the foot and reduce strain on the fascia.
- Orthotic devices. Custom orthotic devices that fit into your shoe help correct the underlying structural abnormalities causing the plantar fasciitis.
- Injection therapy. In some cases, corticosteroid injections are used to help reduce the inflammation and relieve pain.
- Removable walking cast. A removable walking cast may be used to keep your foot immobile for a few weeks to allow it to rest and heal.
- Night splint. Wearing a night splint allows you to maintain an extended stretch of the plantar fascia while sleeping. This may help reduce the morning pain experienced by some patients.
- Physical therapy. Exercises and other physical therapy measures may be used to help provide relief.
We would love to see you to educate you on the best possible care for your feet. We have locations in Peoria, AZ and Wickenburg, AZ
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en
| 0.904522 | 694 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Learner's definition of BASICALLY
in a general or basic way
— used to say that something is true or correct as a general statement even if it is not entirely true or correct
There are a few boring parts, but basically [=generally, for the most part], it's a very good book.
She's basically a good kid.
You're basically [=fundamentally] correct, but there's something you don't know.
There are basically two types of people: those who like chocolate and those who don't.
a basically healthy person
Children basically learn to speak by listening to their parents.
All people are basically the same. = Basically, all people are the same.
— used to show that a statement is expressing the most important reason for something
“Why don't you like him?” “Basically, I think he's crazy.”
We'd like to buy a new car, but, basically, we just don't have enough money.
[more basically; most basically]
in a simple way
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| 0.965746 | 223 | 2.875 | 3 |
Help me study for my Health & Medical class. I’m stuck and don’t understand.
1) Read the article. (attached)
2) Critically appraise the article using the following components.
Components of Appraisal Synopsis:
- What was the purpose of the study (research questions, purposes, and hypotheses)?
- What was the study design?
- How was the sample obtained?
- What inclusion or exclusion criteria were used?
- Who from the sample actually participated or contributed data? Was the sample size adequate? Explain.
- What methods were used to collect data (e.g. sequence of events, timing, types of data, and measures)?
- Was an intervention /treatment/clinical protocol tested? Explain.
- What data analysis methods were used?
- What were the main findings of this study?
- Was this a credible study? Why? Why not?
3) Write a 3-page narrative plus the title, abstract (for your written paper), and reference page. Use APA format.
- Title page
- Heading: Purpose
- Heading: Methods
- Subheading: Study Design
- Subheading: Sample/Sampling Methods
- Subheading: Instruments/Measurements/Tools
- Subheading: Data Analysis
- Heading: Major Findings
- Heading: Credibility
- Reference page
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en
| 0.904003 | 295 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The future of all life on Earth, including humans, hangs in the balance. The forces that set off the first five mass extinctions were non-sentient. The difference at the eve of this sixth extinction is that humans are the cause, and we know it – and if we’re powerful enough to cause the collapse of biodiversity across the globe, the hope is that we’re powerful enough to bring it back from the brink. But first we need to understand our problem, and attack it efficiently and effectively.
So, why hold this Congress on biodiversity loss? How do these losses affect us, and why should we act? Well, humanity must draw all its resources from the ecosystems that make up our world, and as it turns out, high biodiversity and ecosystem health are intricately linked. Ecosystems with less biodiversity recycle nutrients less well, produce less overall biomass, and have decreased stability (they are more likely to collapse entirely).
If you have a higher diversity of functional traits in an ecosystem, more ecosystem services are provided, they are more prepared for future stressors, and they regenerate more quickly. In a world that will soon reach 8 billion people who depend on these resources for survival, this means that retaining high levels of biodiversity is critical to the future survival of our species. Unfortunately, through our agricultural practices and exploitation of natural resources, humans are putting increasing strain on ecosystems that haven’t even begun to feel the effects of climate change.
A recent study analyzing over 8,000 IUCN Red List species found that agriculture and overexploitation are the main threats facing endangered species today, with 62% of the species studied imperiled by agricultural activities and 72% overexploited for commerce, recreation, or subsistence. Of all species that have gone extinct since 1500, 75% have been lost to one of these two anthropogenic threats. Only about 20% of the species studied were found to be directly under threat from climate change. For now.
The effects of biodiversity loss have been found to grow more pronounced with time. This means that if humans continue to exploit the world’s resources at the same rate and in the same way, by the time climate change’s effects are felt more heavily, they will be significantly more harmful than if the ecosystems had been left in a more robust state. High levels of extinction will have already occurred, and will have made it more likely for more species to go extinct, in a deadly positive feedback loop. Not only are humans causing climate change, we are weakening the planet’s natural immune system before its more serious effects are even felt.
Human-induced climate change is a huge issue that will take hundreds, if not thousands, of years to rectify. However, we can change the more direct damage we are doing to the environment by helping to build and maintain biodiversity rather than stripping it down. This solution could, in the long run, make our planet much more hospitable to all of nature, humanity included – and might just stave off another mass extinction event before it’s too late.
Maxwell, Sean L., et al., 2016, Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers. Nature 536.7615
Cardinale, Bradley J., et al., 2012, Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature 486.7401: 59-67.
IUCN Conservation Congress Website
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| 0.946724 | 715 | 3.59375 | 4 |
The measurement of the quality in the staffs involved in the hospitality management can be explained illustrating the following points which are illustrated to be revolving the industry. Punctuality and the quality of the work are very much important as it shows the appropriate efficiency and the enthusiastic characteristics in the employees involved in the work (Ivancevich and Konopaske, 2013).Observing the personal habits will enable the management to resolve the bad habits if it is notified in the employees involved in the workplace. The mitigation of these issues is essential as if it is determining the appropriate function for the enhancement of the study.Checking their attitudes and the personal presentation will enable the employees to be operating the work with the appropriate presentation of professionalism (Nankervis et al., 2016).
The quality assurance is indicated as the most important measurement in the quality management, and without this, the hospitality industry will not function properly. The importance of this factor can be easily determined by illustrating the functions as it is explained in the form of the teachings and the learning provided to the employees during their training periods. The field work can be determined to be conducted with quality if the training conducted by the management of the hospitality industry is up to the top level. This will enhance the customer attraction, and the increment of the demand can be easily seen in this case (Scholz and Zentes, 2006).
Since the consistency and the customer service are essential for the management of the industry, the two keys must be appropriately involved by showing the involvement of the services as it is explained in this case (Boxall and Purcell, 2010). The caring of the customer service with the quality is determined to be illustrating the gaining of the attraction for the purpose of showing the enhancement of the study. This is simply explaining the merits and the demerits as it is explained in the form of illustrating the services provided to the customers. The satisfaction gained by the customers will explain the management of the work as it is continued by the hospitality industry (Schuler and Jackson, 2007). This will be explaining the consistency and the customer services as it is explained by illustrating the formation of the process involved in maintaining the customer satisfaction.
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Cancer is a disease which can occur in any part of our body. It is generally caused when body cells in a particular region starts multiplying and grows more in number than required by that organ. These multiple cells take the form of a tumor. Cancer causing factors may be hereditary or a person’s eating habit and lifestyle. Hence it becomes essential for everybody to make a change in one’s eating habit and daily routine to ensure prevention of cancer.
The first and foremost thing to be done is to drastically reduce the intake of junk food. Processed and junk foods add empty calories. Eatables like burger, pizza, wafers, French fries etc have very high salt content which increases the sodium level of our body leading to cancer in future. Where as sweet tasting junk foods add excessive calories. Processed food like bread, salami, luncheon meat, sausages etc should also not be eaten much. Energy drinks and sweet processed juices are a strict no.
It is very essential to improve ones dietary habits for ensuring a healthy life. Fruits and vegetables in either raw or lightly cooked form should be taken at least 5 times in a day in small portions. Salad has to be eaten 4 times a week. Green leafy vegetables, legumes, fibrous foods, fruits, unprocessed sugar should be a daily affair.
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Images from Hubble's ACS Tell a Tale of Two Record-Breaking Galaxy Clusters
Looking back in time nearly 9 billion years, an international team of astronomers found mature galaxies in a young universe. The galaxies are members of a cluster of galaxies that existed when the universe was only 5 billion years old. This compelling evidence that galaxies must have started forming just after the big bang was bolstered by observations made by the same team of astronomers when they peered even farther back in time. The team found embryonic galaxies a mere 1.5 billion years after the birth of the cosmos. The "baby galaxies" reside in a still-developing cluster, the most distant proto-cluster ever found.
Looking back in time nearly 9 billion years, an international team of astronomers found mature galaxies in a young universe. The galaxies are members of a cluster of galaxies that existed when the universe was only 5 billion years old, or about 35 percent of its present age. This compelling evidence that galaxies must have started forming just after the big bang was bolstered by observations made by the same team of astronomers when they peered even farther back in time. The team found embryonic galaxies a mere 1.5 billion years after the birth of the cosmos, or 10 percent of the universe's present age. The "baby galaxies" reside in a still-developing cluster, the most distant proto-cluster ever found.
The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope was used to make observations of the massive cluster, RDCS 1252.9-2927, and the proto-cluster, TN J1338-1942. Observations by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory yielded the mass and heavy element content of RDCS 1252, the most massive known cluster for that epoch. These observations are part of a coordinated effort by the ACS science team to track the formation and evolution of clusters of galaxies over a broad range of cosmic time. The ACS was built especially for studies of such distant objects.
These findings further support observations and theories that galaxies formed relatively early in the history of the cosmos. The existence of such massive clusters in the early universe agrees with a cosmological model wherein clusters form from the merger of many sub-clusters in a universe dominated by cold dark matter. The precise nature of cold dark matter, however, is still not known.
The first Hubble study estimated that galaxies in RDCS 1252 formed the bulk of their stars more than 11 billion years ago (at redshifts greater than 3). The results were published in the Oct. 20, 2003 issue of the Astrophysical Journal. The paper's lead author is John Blakeslee of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md.
The second Hubble study uncovered, for the first time, a proto-cluster of "infant galaxies" that existed more than 12 billion years ago (at redshift 4.1). These galaxies are so young that astronomers can still see a flurry of stars forming within them. The galaxies are grouped around one large galaxy. These results will be published in the Jan. 1, 2004 issue of Nature. The paper's lead author is George Miley of Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands.
"Until recently people didn't think that clusters existed when the universe was only about 5 billion years old," Blakeslee explained.
"Even if there were such clusters," Miley added, "until recently astronomers thought it was almost impossible to find clusters that existed 8 billion years ago. In fact, no one really knew when clustering began. Now we can witness it."
Both studies led the astronomers to conclude that these systems are the progenitors of the galaxy clusters seen today. "The cluster RDCS 1252 looks like a present-day cluster," said Marc Postman of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., and co-author of both research papers. "In fact, if you were to put it next to a present-day cluster, you wouldn't know which is which."
A Tale of Two Clusters
How can galaxies grow so fast after the big bang? "It is a case of the rich getting richer," Blakeslee said. "These clusters grew quickly because they are located in very dense regions, so there is enough material to build up the member galaxies very fast."
This idea is strengthened by X-ray observations of the massive cluster RDCS 1252. Chandra and the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton provided astronomers with the most accurate measurements to date of the properties of an enormous cloud of hot gas that pervades the massive cluster. This 160-million-degree Fahrenheit (70-million-degree Celsius) gas is a reservoir of most of the heavy elements in the cluster and an accurate tracer of its total mass. A paper by Piero Rosati of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and colleagues that presents the X-ray observations of RDCS 1252 will be published in January 2004 in the Astronomical Journal.
"Chandra's sharp vision resolved the shape of the hot gas halo and showed that RDCS 1252 is very mature for its age," said Rosati, who discovered the cluster with the ROSAT X-ray telescope.
RDCS 1252 may contain many thousands of galaxies. Most of these galaxies, however, are too faint to detect. But the powerful "eyes" of the ACS pinpointed several hundred of them. Observations using ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) provided a precise measurement of the distance to the cluster. The ACS enabled the researchers to accurately determine the shapes and colors of the 100 galaxies, providing information on the ages of the stars residing in them. The ACS team estimated that most of the stars in the cluster were already formed when the universe was about 2 billion years old. X-ray observations, furthermore, showed that 5 billion years after the big bang the surrounding hot gas had been enriched with heavy elements from these stars and had been swept away from the galaxies.
If most of the galaxies in RDCS 1252 have reached maturity and are settling into a quiet adulthood, the forming galaxies in the distant proto-cluster are in their energetic, unruly youth.
The proto-cluster TN J1338 contains a massive embryonic galaxy surrounded by smaller developing galaxies, which look like dots in the Hubble image.
The dominant galaxy is producing spectacular radio-emitting jets, fueled by a supermassive black hole deep within the galaxy's nucleus. Interaction between these jets and the gas can stimulate a torrent of star birth.
The energetic radio galaxy's discovery by radio telescopes prompted astronomers to hunt for the smaller galaxies that make up the bulk of the cluster.
"Massive clusters are the cities of the universe, and the radio galaxies within them are the smokestacks we can use for finding them when they are just beginning to form," Miley said.
The two findings underscore the power of combining observations from many different telescopes that provided views of the distant universe in a range of wavelengths. Hubble's advanced camera provided critical information on the structure of both distant galaxy clusters. Chandra's and XMM-Newton's X-ray vision furnished the essential measurements of the primordial gas in which the galaxies in RDCS 1252 are embedded, and accurate estimates of the total mass contained within that cluster. Large ground-based telescopes, like the VLT, provided precise measurements of the distance of both clusters as well as the chemical composition of the galaxies in them.
The ACS team is conducting further observations of distant clusters to solidify our understanding of how these young clusters and their galaxies evolve into the shape of things seen today. Their planned observations include using near-infrared observations to analyze the star-formation rates in some of the target clusters, including RDCS 1252, to measure the cosmic history of star formation in these massive structures. The team is also searching the regions around several ultra-distant radio galaxies for additional examples of proto-clusters. The team's ultimate scientific goal is to establish a complete picture of cluster evolution beginning with the formation at the earliest epochs and detailing the evolution up to today.
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The use of material-handling robots has increasingly become a solution to raise productivity and manufacturing versatility, while enhancing worker safety as they historically have. Material handling is a natural extension of robotics and an area where the technology has already been predominant for many years, but robots are finding new applications.
Safety has been one of the most important hallmarks of materials handling in manufacturing and production environments. For workers, the job of lifting heavy and awkwardly sized containers in addition to operating material-handling equipment like forklifts can be hazardous in itself. Robotics came into their own when there were requirements to work in hostile and potentially unsafe environments.
The use of robots cuts down on injuries ranging from strains and sprains from lifting loads incorrectly or handling overly large or heavy loads, to fractures and bruises from being struck by materials or caught in pinch points, to cuts and bruises caused by falling materials that were improperly stored or unfastened.
As technology advances, however, manufacturers are increasingly using different types of machines to safely move, store, and retrieve all types of materials. More and more, robots are being called upon to move and store materials ranging from products as small as vials of liquids to as big as cars in manufacturing processes.
Manufacturers have had to adapt to consumer demands for more sophisticated products and faster availability of goods, resulting in greater capital investments in robotics to become more efficient. With robotics, quick turnarounds from one product to another are readily being carried out, with the ability to move larger variations of products and adjust to productivity demands.
The technical challenges are to be more versatile, and the key is to better and more efficiently handle products. For small items it is the ability to have more dexterity when picking up and putting down products, while moving big products requires larger grippers with arms that can carry heavier weights.
In addition, the variation in the types of packaging that must be handled creates another set of issues. To improve these abilities, progress in vision, software, and gripper technologies for robotic handling of extreme parts — ultra large and heavy ones to small and delicate components — is being forged ahead.
For small and fragile parts such as electronic components, glass panels, and even food products, robots that are quick but precise enough to meet production needs and not cause damage are required. Delta-style robots might be the manufacturers’ manipulator of choice for these types of applications. When it comes to tiny or delicate products, manufacturers often use 1-kg payload delta robots.
Food-handling challenges when handling raw food are complex, but there are grippers certified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that can touch food directly. Biotechnology applications are another area where robots and grippers that are certified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are useful, as they can handle vaporized hydrogen peroxide cleaning after handling blood and plasma samples.
As robotic capabilities expand, they have become faster and can carry heavier loads. In the past a robot required a heavy-duty manipulator, and as parts got larger, grippers have become also become larger. There is a trend toward robots that can pick up payloads as large as 3,000 pounds. Usually, this challenge is managing the synchronization of two or more robots. Advanced technology using a single robot is a possible solution that reduces workspace area and lowers the complexity of the material-handling operation.
Robot manufacturers are constantly trying to find more efficient ways to move parts. Area scanners provide a potential solution for three-dimensional bin-picking. Scanners use a controlled light pattern to build an array of points to guide the robots. Bin-picking tasks can be carried out in less time and without sensor heads on the robot.
A vision-guided robot could be used to pick and load trays of products into bags. As many as three different products could be picked and placed using vision to locate the products and determine their orientation. The robot takes products that are randomly oriented, loading the trays and then unloading them, followed by repeating the process.
As we move further into the future, robotic handling of more and more sizes and types of products will be carried out more efficiently and cost effectively. Material handling is one of the predominant areas where robotics will continue to play a major role. Upon faster speeds plus tooling and software improvements, material-handling robotics have improved rapidly in the last five years, and this trend will continue as technology advances.
Clark is vice president of sales and marketing for Bishamon Industries Corp. Ontario, San Bernardino County in Southern California. Bishamon makes lift tables, pallet positioners, skid lifts, pallet trucks and other handling equipment. The company’s products are designed to enhance ergonomics and worker safety and productivity.
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What is the traditional clothing in Guatemala?
The traje (tradiditional dress) for mayan women consists of a hupil (blouse), corte (skirt), and faja (belt). The style and designs on the clothing varies from region to region.
Is fashion important in Guatemala?
Guatemala may be known more for its culture and landscape than for its fashion, but things are about to change. Though this small Central American country only held its first fashion week in 2014, fashion has become increasingly important and fashion influencers more prominent.
What do you wear to a wedding in Guatemala?
In the Guatemalan culture, you grab their left forearm with your right hand and try to shake hands using your left. It is common for the bride to wear a long, white veil. The belief is the longer the veil, the happier the couple will be. She would also wear white shoes and a traditional blouse and skirt.
Can I wear leggings in Guatemala?
Not many native Guatemalans wear shorts and revealing tops in public… those are the clothes that shout “tourist”. However, capri trousers, jeans, and tasteful tops are totally acceptable. Do pack comfortable sandals and walking shoes.
What do girls wear in Guatemala?
Modest, feminine clothing is a must when visiting Guatemala. Skirts or dresses that fall below the knee are a common choice for business and pleasure. Khaki pants or dress slacks can also be worn in some areas, though shorts are typically discouraged and often identify a woman as a tourists.
What is Guatemala known for?
Guatemala is best known for its volcanic landscape, fascinating Mayan culture and the colorful colonial city of Antigua, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. But this small Central American country has a wealth of homegrown produce and talent.
What are some traditions in Guatemala?
11 Guatemalan Traditions and Customs Only Locals Will Understand
- Bare knuckle boxing on Good Friday.
- Drunken horse racing.
- Holy Week parades in Antigua Guatemala.
- Leaving cigarettes and alcohol for a syncretic saint.
- Dancing on your family grave on All Saints’ Day.
- Patterned clothing which reveals where you are from.
- Giant kites to honor the dead.
Where is Guatemala on a map?
Guatemala is located in Central America. Guatemala is bordered by the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) and the Pacific Ocean, Mexico to the north and west, and Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador to the east.
How much cash should I bring to Guatemala?
How much money will you need for your trip to Guatemala? You should plan to spend around Q274 ($36) per day on your vacation in Guatemala, which is the average daily price based on the expenses of other visitors.
Can you drink the water in Guatemala?
Is the Water Safe to Drink in Guatemala? It is not safe to drink the tap water in Guatemala. … Bottled water (agua pura) is widely available in grocery stores, restaurants, and hotels. Boiling water for one minute or using iodine pills or a water filter will also purify water.
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If you have been prescribed a sublingual spray but you’re not quite sure how to use it, you’re in the right place. Here we’re going to cover what a sublingual spray is, why you might need to use it and how you can use the spray sublingually for it to work properly. Are you ready?
What is a sublingual spray?
A sublingual spray is a medication that contains an active ingredient, suspended in liquid in a spray bottle for administration. This simply means that the medication is inside the liquid that comes out of the spray bottle.
It can be a strange way to take a medication and you may be confused about what to do with the spray.
(Hint: You do not need to swallow the spray or spray it on your body like perfume. )
“Sublingual” means under the tongue. So rather than swallowing the liquid from the spray, you spray the medication underneath your tongue, where it can be absorbed through the thin layer of skin under your tongue and into your bloodstream.
Why do we need a spray?
Most tablets that you take need to be swallowed – why can’t you just do the same with the medication in a sublingual spray?
Whenever you swallow a tablet, there are several things that need to happen in your body, without you really realizing, before the drug can work its effect. It needs to:
- Dissolve in the acid in your stomach
- Be absorbed into your bloodstream
- Pass through the liver to reach the rest of your body. (Some drugs are metabolized – meaning chemically changed into another compound in this phase of the liver.)
Each drug is dissolved in the stomach, absorbed into the bloodstream and metabolized in the liver to a different extent.
Some drugs do this very well so that almost all of it gets into the bloodstream to work its effect (known as good bioavailability). Other drugs are not dissolved or absorbed very well, or completely metabolized in the liver, so that the drug can’t work as well (known as poor bioavailability).
For drugs that have poor bioavailability, simply swallowing a pill not very effective. Not much of the drug that you swallow actually makes it into the bloodstream to move around the body and work its charm.
Instead, we need to find another way to deliver the drug into the bloodstream.
This is where the sublingual spray comes in. Because the medication is suspended in a liquid and sprayed under the tongue, it doesn’t need to dissolve, be absorbed from the stomach and pass through the liver.
Instead, the drug can be absorbed directly into your bloodstream – without the possibility of being metabolized straight away in your liver – through the thin skin underneath your tongue. This has a relatively quick effect because it goes straight into your bloodstream and is safe than other similar methods, like an injection.
5 Simple Steps Using a Sublingual Spray
Taking a sublingual is quite easy once you know how to do it. Here are a few quick steps to get you going in the right direction:
- Sit upright and swallow any saliva in your mouth before using a sublingual spray.
- Open your mouth and lift your tongue to the roof of your mouth.
- Direct the nozzle of the spray towards the underneath your tongue at a 45-degree angle, resting the bottle on your teeth for support, if needed.
- Squeeze the spray bottle to release the suspended medication toward the underneath of your tongue.
- Hold the medicine under your tongue for 30-60 seconds without swallowing to allow it to be absorbed.
What else should you know?
If you have been prescribed a sublingual spray to take, here are a few extra notes that you might find useful in how to use them correctly.
- Avoid eating or drinking while waiting for the tablet to dissolve, as this may cause you to swallow some of the active ingredient so that it cannot work as effectively.
- Avoid smoking for at least one hour before using a sublingual spray, as this can tighten the tiny blood vessels in your mouth, making it more difficult for them to absorb the drug underneath your tongue.
Do you have other questions?
If you have any other questions about sublingual sprays and how to use them, just let me know, and I will try to help. You can leave a comment below or contact me via email from the contact tab at the top of this page.
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Part 1 of 11
MANDARA CROMWELL, founder and board chairman, International Sound Therapy Association, explains to SAKINA YUSUF KHAN how sound therapy works
Part 2 of 11
Part 3 of 11
Jim Gimzewski, UCLA professor and research scientist, was the first to study how sounds affect us at a cellular level. Later, professors of biological engineering in Missouri University developed photoacoustic listening at the cellular level. Our body cells are constantly emitting sound and by listening to them, we can find out whether the body is healthy or not. If the cells don’t sound right, it means something is amiss in the body. We use a lot of sound in medicine today — ultrasound to detect tumours, lithotripsy to pulverise kidney and gall stones and sonic scaling for dental care.
Part 4 of 11
Part 5 of 11
There are also crystal bowls which stimulate the nerve’s immune response and correlate with the crystalline properties in the blood. We use this in our practice. We try and match the frequency of the sound we administer with the frequency of the healthy organ. Sound has the ability to bypass the logical mind and get the body into a deep, relaxed state. When the body relaxes, it starts its own defence system. It takes in nutrition and expels the accumulated toxins. But if the body is not relaxed, it has no opportunity to get rejuvenated.
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After presenting these ideas at the NAREN (National At-Risk Education Network) in Wisconsin last week, I was asked to write an article that would be able to reach more people to spread the exciting word about Dr. William Glasser's work in the area of Quality Schools.
There are many characteristics that are required in order for a school to be listed as a Quality School. There are currently 13 such schools in the country, with many more on their journey to become Quality Schools.
In a Quality School, relationships are based upon trust and respect, and all discipline problems, not incidents, have been eliminated. Total Learning Competency is stressed and an evaluation that is below competence or what is now a "B" has been eliminated. All schooling as defined by Dr. William Glasser has been replaced by useful education. All students do some Quality Work each year that is significantly beyond competence. All such work receives an "A" grade or higher, such as an "A+".
Students and staff are taught to use Choice Theory in their lives and in their work in school. Parents are encouraged to participate in study groups to become familiar with the ideas of Dr. William Glasser. Students do better on state proficiency tests and college entrance examinations. The importance of these tests is emphasized in the school. Staff, students, parents and administrators view the school as a joyful place.
All of the above criterion must be in place to be listed as a Quality School. When a school is a Quality School, the dictates of "No Child Left Behind" take care of themselves. Now, of course there will be a few children who have totally rejected school that are unreachable but for the majority, they will learn and do quality work.
The way to achieve this is to implement the three conditions of quality. First, the school and each classroom must create an environment that will meet the needs of the students, and consequently of teachers. All humans are born with five basic human needs. We have the need for survival, connection/love, power, freedom and fun/learning. This is true of students and teachers.
In order to help students meet their need for survival, the school and classroom must be safe. They must feel that they won't be hurt physically or emotionally. When students feel safe, there is no need to threaten teachers or other students.
In order for students to satisfy their need for connection/love, they must have a relationship with the teacher and the other students. They must believe that the teacher has their best interest at heart. The more you give love and connection away, the more they come back to you.
In order to satisfy a student's need for power, teachers must listen to and respect their students' ideas and issues. This does not mean that teachers must agree with their students but they must at least let the students know that they are important. When students feel listened to and respected, they don't disrespect their teachers and they tend to listen more.
For students to have freedom, they must have choices. They must not be bogged down in rules and regulations. When students have choices, they won't have the need to create destructive choices of their own.
In school, learning should be fun. Learning is always fun when the learning is useful and the students want to learn what is being taught. Imagine students having fun learning! Isn't that the dream of teachers everywhere? When your students are having fun, you do too.
I know this sounds like an impossible task but there are many schools doing just that with training in Dr. William Glasser's Choice Theory. Creating a need-satisfying environment is what actually eliminates discipline problems. If someone has a legitimate, appropriate way to get his/her needs met, then there is no reason to create discipline problems.
Switching courses over to a competency-based approach is critical to the Quality School concept. Students are not permitted to get credit for less than B work and they have opportunities to improve their work until it meets the minimum standard for a B. Concepts are taught in such a way that reduces the need for memorizing facts that can be found in any encyclopedia or text.
This and more speaks to the second condition of quality that students will only be asked to do useful work. It is the teacher's job to convince students that what they are being asked to do is useful in the real world. If you are successful in that endeavor, you will have willing students. Wouldn't that make your job more enjoyable for you?
The final condition of quality is self-evaluation. Students are asked to grade their own work. There are two essential items that must be met in order to get accurate self-evaluations from students. First, they must have no fear that the teacher or anyone else will hurt them with an honest self-evaluation. Second, there must be a clear rubric in place that will give students a model against which to compare their own work.
Self-evaluation does not replace the need of the teacher or teacher's aide (another student already judged to be competent in that particular area) from corroborating the student's self-evaluation. Students are not punished for less than competent work. Rather they are shown where their work is lacking and given the opportunity to fix it. This, again, is a skill that is seen everyday in the real world. Rarely do people actually loss their jobs for substandard work. They are told what is wrong and asked to fix it.
Of course this is just a thumb nail sketch of what is necessary to become a Quality School but if you or anyone you know is interested in learning more, visit http://www.coachingforexcellence.biz and check our calendar for upcoming teleclasses, chats and workshops.
Kim Olver has an undergraduate degree in psychology, a graduate degree in counseling, is a National Certified Counselor and is a licensed professional counselor. Since 1987, Kim has extensively studied the work of Dr. William Glasser's Choice Theory, Reality Therapy and Lead Management. She was certified in Reality Therapy in 1992 and continued her studies to become a certified instructor for the William Glasser Institute. She is an expert at empowering people to navigate the sometimes difficult course of life---teaching them how to get the most out of the circumstances life provides them. These are incredibly powerful ideas with equal application to one's work and personal lives. Kim can work with you to empower your staff and clients and propel your organization to the next level.
Graduation Quotations - Top 35
"Life is my college. May I graduate well, and earn some honors! "-- Louisa May Alcott"Your schooling may be over, but remember that your education still continues.
Before CHIROPRACTIC SCHOOLS accept one into their educational system, it is recommended that students have earned a degree in the arts or sciences from an accredited college or university. Chiropractic schools also require applicants to have at least 90 semester hours in English, social sciences or humanities, organic and inorganic chemistry, biology, physics, and psychology as well.
Aurel Voiculescu Memories From High School
High School Ion Minulescu, Slatina, Graduates 1991.Clasa XII A, Baboi Cristian, Becea Marian, Bratoi Sorin Cristian, Constantinescu Marian, Constantinescu Catalin, Cojac Daniel Reghina, Dan Marius Silviu, Danescu Ana, Dinca Cecilia Violeta, Florescu Eugen Catalin, Ghidanac Roxana Marinela, Gheorghisor Adriana Gheorghita, Grigorie Angela Daniela, Iordache Anca Maria, Ionescu Dumitru Viorel, Ivanescu Viorel, Liciu Dragos Emanuel, Moraru Cristian Eduard, Nastase Cecilia Ionela, Nicolescu Adriana Elena, Pantelie Florina Adriana, Patrascu Dragos, Popa Adriana, Popa Marius Eugen, Popescu Oana Daniela, Radu Adriana Camelia Ionela, Raducan Adrian, Radulescu Dorin Florin, Stoica Otilia Silvian, Stroica Daniel Adrian, Serban Mihail, Tilvan Laurentiu, Trandafir Ion Calin, Trandafir Mihail Costin, Vladescu Laura Rodica, Zahalca Daniela.
CSI Has Made The Study Of Forensics An Exciting Career Opportunity
Forensics is not just one field of study but encompasses several different disciplines. You first decision is to determine which area most interests you.
Before CHIROPRACTIC COLLEGES & SCHOOLS accept one into their educational systems, it is recommended that students have earned a degree in the arts or sciences from an accredited college or university. Chiropractic colleges and schools also require applicants to have at least 90 semester hours in English, social sciences or humanities, organic and inorganic chemistry, biology, physics, and psychology as well.
Online Nursing Degree For Busy Nurses
Many who work in the healthcare or nursing industry know without question that free time (time within which to relax and call your own) is at a premium. In this regard, they work in extremely demanding jobs: both in terms of the jobs they do and the hours on the job they spend.
Academia Fraud and Brain Washing Cartels
Many have a tough time listening to the scientists debate amongst themselves and laugh at the peer reviews. With puffed up chests they publish or perish and there is lots of competition in the field.
Online Degree Education - Advantages
Distance education has been getting a lot of attention lately, but it isn't new. Correspondence courses have been around for over a century, allowing students to complete assignments and mail them to an instructor for feedback.
Most Colleges Require Letters Of Recommendation
I cannot overemphasize the importance of developing strong relationships with high school teachers and counselors as early as possible. An extremely well written, all-telling letter can absolutely make the difference of being accepted or rejected to any college.
Need Help Paying Back Student Loans?
Many college students and graduates are looking for a solution for their student loan debt. While borrowers may be having difficulty paying back student loans, there is help.
Tips On College Selection
It is highly recommended that early in the college selection process, parents and student(s) visit some schools to determine if they'll be suitable. The criteria that must be considered before any college is applied to include:? Average GPA, SAT I, class rank for acceptance ? The school should offer enough choices in the event the student changes their major ? Size, location, Greeks, religious affiliation ? Percentage of freshmen that return for year two ? Percentage of freshmen that graduate in four years ? Percentage of financial need met ? Percentage of gift aid/self-help awarded ? On or off campus job opportunities ? Meal plans and dietary situations met ? Name recognition ? Student/teacher ratio ? Average class size, semester or trimester ? Percentage of professors who teach and percentage of teaching assistants ? 2 or 4-year college or university ? Co-ed dorms ? Freshman cars permitted ? Handicap accessibility ? Cost of the sheepskinIt is also recommended that you determine if the school uses a need-blind or need-sensitive admissions policy.
Writing Effective (and Requisite) Essay Openers
When we write for college courses, we write for an audience other than ourselves. And it's an audience of more than one-the professor who assigned the piece.
Online Education and Digital Divide
Digital Education is really coming along thanks to the US Military and their expenditures in the IT Framework to make training available. The IT companies doing this training are in fact able to pass on this technology to the private sector immediately and it is helping us with the digital divide.
Whats behind the Explosive Growth in Distance Learning?
There is a ground swell of support globally to support the growth of distance learning. Market research firms, government agencies, public and private companies, and even venture capital firms - those companies that invest in new and emerging businesses - all agree that distance learning's future is very bright, and a good investment opportunity as well.
Do Best Friends Make the Best College Roommates?
Do best friends make the best college roommates? Not always! It's amazing how the quirky things you used to like about your best friend can begin to drive you crazy when you're around it 24/7. Just because you've been friends since grade school doesn't mean you should live together.
Study More Effectively
If you are studying for an exam or if you need to learn some material for a presentation, you may be wondering how early you should start to study, and how often you should review the material in order to remember it.Is it best to study large chunks of the information at a time, or should you try to master small bits of it? Should you review the material again the next day? Or is it best to let a few days go by?Learning experts have proposed several different schedules for reviewing study materials, but the following is one that works well for most people.
Need Money for College?
Finding money for college can be a challenge for many students and their families. While saving in advance is the best choice, many times saving money for college is not easy for families.
Why Pursue Your Degree Online?
Distance education has been around longer than people may realise. A system which teaches students without requiring that they actually be present, distance learning was pioneered in 1946, by the University of South Africa, which continues to offer distance education courses today.
College Entertainment for Less
Most of these activities are free or very cheap:* Campus music or dance recitals* College theater productions* Guest speakers* Poetry readings* Museum tours* Sports-either participate or go route for your school* Film and video showings* Art openings* Clubs on campusIf you are looking to stray away from campus here are some off campus fun frugal ideas:* Go watch a local band, they usually play at bars but the cover is usually $5-$10 to sit and enjoy and be in a sociable setting* Go to the movies, catch the matinee film during the day when prices are less expensive* Explore natural parks or recreation facilities where you can work out or simply enjoy the surrounding* If you have a pool in your apartment complex or have friends that do, gather round and soak up the rays and have some fun.* If you are in cold climates, go sledding in the wintertime, it's an activity that you're never too old for.
Internetworking and Security Multiple Choice Test
Personally, I dislike Multiple Choice Tests. Because they do not test the student's ability to develop and organise ideas and present these in a coherent argument.
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Crankshaft Position Sensor
- Crankshaft Position Sensor harness is open or shorted
- Crankshaft Position Sensor poor electrical connection
- Signal plate may be damage
- Starter motor may be faulty
- Starting system circuit
- Dead or weak
- The proper pulse signal from the crankshaft position sens
- Lack/Loss of Power
- Engine Stall
- Engine difficult to start
The Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP) also known as the crank position sensor is an electronic device used in an engine to record the rate at which the crankshaft is spinning. This information is used by the Engine Control Module (ECM) to control ignition and. The sensor system consists of a rotating part, typically a disc, as well as a static part, the actual sensor.
When the engine is running, the high and low parts of the teeth cause the gap with the sensor to change. The changing gap causes the magnetic field near the sensor to change. The change in the magnetic field cause the voltage from the sensor to change.
Note:1. Need to look up additional OBD-II Trouble Codes(DTC), use the search box. Enter the 5 character trouble codes in the search box and submit the search. You can repeat the search as many times as you need, one diagnostic code per search.
2. Don't assume a particular OBDii code means the same for other automotive manufacturers as there are many manufacturer specific codes in use.
3. If your trouble codes are for a different automotive, select that vehicle series before searching for the diagnostic codes because not all OBD2 codes used by one manufacture are used by the other manufactures. The search only looks at OBD codes valid for the currently selected manufacturer.
4. This code is for reference only.
5. Help us improve CarObdCode.com. Tell us fix the code. Any information is appreciated. Thanks.
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Quickly accessible, concise information about each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia!
The tables below offer information about Nevada agriculture from the general agricultural groups to the more specific commodities or products. The ranking assigned to a given commodity is based on the commodity's cash receipts; how much money it made.
Commodity groups cash receipts - 2004
As you can see from the table below, Nevada ranks 45th among the states for total agricultural production.
Nevada's top five commodities by cash receipts - 2004
This table lists Nevada's top commodities in each of Nevada's two agriculutural groups, livestock and crops.
The most important agricultural commodities produced in Nevada are cattle and calves. Dairy products are another important livestock product. Sheep and lambs, hogs, and aquaculture also contribute to the state's economy.
The most valuable crop grown in Nevada is Hay. Onions and potatoes are very important as well. Greenhouse and nursery products and wheat are also among the most important Nevada crops.
Leading commodities for cash receipts - 2004
This table offers a more complete view of the most important agricultural products of Nevada.
The 2004 table above contains information about Nevada agricultural production provided by the Economic Research Service at the United States Department of Agriculture.
The first column of the table lists the product (commodity).
The second column of the table lists a number representing the dollar value of the product. This number is not the dollar value of the product. This number represents the dollar value of the product in thousands of dollars. For example, the number listed for the value of cattle and calves raised in Nevada is 211,140. This number represents a dollar value of $211,140,000 (211,140 x 1,000): two hundred and eleven million, one hundred and forty thousand dollars.
The third column of the table lists the percent (part) of the total agricultural value produced in Nevada. For example, cattle and calves account for 46.5% of Nevada's total agricultural production value. The dollars generated by the cattle and calves add up to over 2/5 of Nevada's total agricultural production.
Nevada farms and farmland - 2004
Because of different rounding methods (e.g., farm acres given by the National Argriculture Statistics Service), percentage of farmland per state should be considered a rough estimate.
Home Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Washington, D.C. West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
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Modernism is generally this literary movement that lasted from the early 1900s till World War II that focused on attempting to gain meaning, truth, and beauty from creating art and literature, basically, trying to fill the void and save society by creating, and ultimately, re-defining, art. Think T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, the Bloomsbury group, James Joyce, Ezra Pound. Thus, when most who explain postmodernism talk about its relation to modernism, they're probably talking about postmodernist literature and art, and how that differs from modernist literature and art.
But from a philosophical standpoint, most modernists believed in the notion that something could save society, while many postmodernists reject such notions. If you're a post-structuralist, the world cannot be saved because power structures dominate everything from creating roles for the individual to meaning in language. If you're a deconstructionist, society cannot be saved because most of society has placed its trust in an unstable, unreliable medium of communication: language itself. If you're Jean-François Lyotard, society cannot be saved because ultimately people living in societies tend to blindly trust the epistemology of that society without considering other cultural perspectives (i.e. how Western intellectuals embrace scientific reasoning without considering other cultural perspectives).
Another possible way of answering your question would be to liken modernism to metaphysics, as literary theorist Ihab Hassan did in "Toward a Concept of Postmodernism", and postmodernism to irony. The way metaphysics is used in Hassan's essay is basically the justification for the ability of scientific theories to explain the world. You start with observations about the world around you, and create theories to explain those observations, and select the one that best explains these observations. Hassan's modernist "metaphysics" would argue that theories that have been traditionally accepted were accepted because, simply, they were the best explanations of the natural world. Yet, the postmodern "irony" comes from subverting such expectations of scientific theories to be the "best explanations". As postmodern irony would have it, perhaps rethinking is in order, and the theory that's been selected historically as the best theory was selected thusly by imperfect, by no means infallible, people, and that all theories developed came from more or less variable forces: discursive, cultural, social, and historical. So if you want the easy-mode answer there, "modernist philosophy" is a lot less skeptical of scientific theory than postmodernist philosophy.
Edit: I should clarify that in his essay, Hassan directly contrasts modernism with postmodernism by arguing that modernism is characterized by metaphysics, whereas postmodernism by irony.
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For monarch butterflies, the path to endangered species status could be paved with good intentions.
Throughout the United States, monarch-lovers are replenishing the supply of milkweed — the plants monarchs lay their eggs in — by growing it in their gardens. However, they’re planting the wrong species of milkweed. And in doing so, well-intentioned gardeners are actually putting more stress on declining monarch populations by convincing them to give up the annual migration altogether.
A Really Good, Bad Idea
Every year, millions of monarchs migrate from their summer breeding grounds in the eastern U.S. and Canada to wait out the winter in central Mexico. However, since the 1990s, monarch numbers have declined by nearly 90 percent. Humans, with all our farm fields, roads and buildings, are largely to blame for the monarch’s decline. Deforestation has decimated the monarch’s preferred habitats both north and south. And herbicide-resistant crops allow farmers to spray stronger weedkillers on their fields, which kills native milkweed in the process.
To counteract the loss of milkweed on farm fields, sympathetic gardeners in southern states are giving monarchs a meal by planting milkweed in their backyards. Unfortunately, the milkweed they’re planting is an exotic tropical species called Asclepias curassavica that grows year-round, unlike the native species, Asclepias incarnata, that dies off seasonally. So, rather than fly south for the winter when the milkweed dies off, monarchs are forgoing the Mexico migration, living and breeding year-round in the south. And that’s trouble.
A Protozoan Problem
That’s because of a protozoan parasite called Ophryocytis elektroscirrha (OE). This parasite, if eaten by monarch caterpillars, causes wing deformities in the adult butterfly and shortens their lifespan. Infected butterflies shed spores that can then go on to infect other youngsters.
OE isn’t usually a problem, though, because of two things: the butterflies’ annual migration, and the type of milkweed they eat. Infected monarchs will generally perish on the trip to Mexico, which helps control OE’s spread. And by the time they return, the native milkweed plants have died and new ones have grown up — another natural check on spreading the infection. But the tropical type of milkweed survives cold winters, and so does its pestilent guest.
Going Nowhere, Going Down
To see just how migration was affecting monarchs’ OE infection, researchers used a combination of field studies and citizen science. They tested monarchs at various breeding sites in the U.S. and Mexico over a period of two years, compiling more than 5,500 samples. Samples were taken by applying tape to the abdomens of monarchs (none were harmed) to nab spores if they were present.
The researchers found that monarchs that overwintered in the United States were 5-9 times more likely to host the parasite than were monarchs that spent the winter in Mexico. Researchers published their results Wednesday in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
How to Help
Tropical milkweed is far easier to purchase than the native species, but stores selling the native seeds are on the rise. If you can’t get your hands on native milkweed, researchers suggest cutting tropical milkweed down twice a winter to contain OE.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is currently reviewing the monarch’s status under the Endangered Species Act, and we should know this year if monarchs will be added to the endangered species list. In the meantime, the monarch’s story just goes to show how complicated our relationships with other species really can be.
Photo credit: David Byron Keener /Shutterstock
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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
In mathematics, symmetry has more than just a visual or geometric quality. Mathematicians comprehend symmetries as motions—motions whose interactions and overall structure give rise to an important mathematical concept called a "group." This unit explores Group Theory, the mathematical quantification of symmetry, which is key to understanding how to remove structure from (i.e., shuffle) a deck of cards or to fathom structure in a crystal.
They say, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. What we consider to be beautiful in nature, art, or music often differs from culture to culture. But somehow, there seem to be constants — commonalities in how we as human beings "see" beauty. Where does that "sense" of beauty and order come from? And what does algebra or geometry have to do with it?
The mathematical study of symmetry is the rigorous study of the commonalities between objects or situations.
Using common motions, such as rotation and reflection, this interactive will introduce the parameters for symmetry groups. You will be able to experiment with wallpaper patterns using their base objects.
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A comparison of the economic theories of
Economics: economics, social science that seeks to analyze and describe the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth economics was formerly a hobby of gentlemen of leisure, but today there is hardly a government, international agency, or large commercial bank that does not have its own staff of economists. 1 economic theories of eco-innovations: a comparison between the neoclassical and evolutionary approaches edgardo sica department of economics and staragroenergy group. One of those theories is “production, information costs, and economic organization” written by a alchian and h demsetz their theory was not meant to dispute coases’ theory, but it stated some new reasons that coase did not elaborate on. Human capital development theory concludes that investment in human capital will lead to greater economic outputs however the validity of the theory is sometimes hard to prove and contradictory in the past, economic strength was largely dependent on tangible physical assets such as land, factories and equipment.
We also consider how each theory characterizes the entrepreneur’s decision making process by contrast with the posited behavior of other economic agents austrian theory is suited to explaining novel, adventurous behavior at the discovery stage. Economics q & a - 1) the current recession is the longest since the great depression in the 1930's we are still far from a recovery with unemployment at about 97% and weekly new jobless claims at 442,000. Social comparison theory states that we determine our own social and personal worth based on how we stack up against others we behavioral economics for business and personal decision-making.
Hayek vs keynes hayek economic theory and keynesian economic theory are both schools of thought that employ different approaches to defining economic concepts hayek economics was founded by famous economist friedrich august von hayek keynesian economics was founded by economist john maynard keynes the two schools of economic theory are quite different to each [. Comparison of the magnitude of standardized coefficients allows us to address directly the issue concerning the relative importance of economic and social variables in a country or between the two countries. Useful notes on the nature of economic laws meaning: a law (or generalisation) is the establishment of a general truth on the basis of particular observations or experiments which traces out a causal relationship between two or more phenomena. Macroeconomics (from the greek prefix makro-meaning large + economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole this includes regional, national, and global economies.
Associated with the concept of opportunity cost is the concept of economic rent or economic profit for example, economic rent of the printing machine is the excess of its earning over the income expected from the lathe (ie, rs 20,000 – rs 15,000 = rs 5,000. Theory y categorized workers as able to and wanting to work hard this theory takes the view that individuals can be defined by either of these extremes, an approach that today’s managers are hesitant to adopt modern theories of management systems approach. Social and behavioral theories 1 learning objectives after reviewing this chapter, readers should be able to: • define what theory is and identify two key types of social and behavioral science theory economics, and marketing a growing body of evidence suggests that interventions developed with an explicit theoretical foundation or. That said, there are some other economic ideas out there, and today we're going to talk about a few of them so, if you've been aching to hear about socialism, communism, the chicago school, or.
Classical economic theory is rooted in the concept of a laissez-faire economic market a laissez-faire--also known as free--market requires little to no government intervention. Assimilation theory is based on festinger’s (1957) dissonance theory dissonance theory posits that consumers make some kind of cognitive comparison between expectations about the product and the perceived product performance. Keynesian economic theory comes from british economist john maynard keynes, and arose from his analysis of the great depression in the 1930s the differences between keynesian theory and classical.
A comparison of the economic theories of
Keynesian and monetarist theories offer different thoughts on what drives economic growth and how to fight recessions keynesian economists generally say that spending is the key to the economy, while monetarists say the amount of money in circulation is the greatest determining factor. A comparison of the theories of joseph alois schumpeter and john maynard keynes aubrey poon joseph alois schumpeter and john maynard keynes were the two greatest economists in the 21 st century. An economic theory and a political ideology opposed to free trade it shares with realism the belief that each state must protect its own interests without seeking mutual gains through international organizations.
- Elasticity of productivity helps in understanding the nature of production function in economic theory if 1, it is the case of increasing returns because a small proportionate increase in inputs leads to more than proportionate increase in output.
- A cheat sheet for understanding the different schools of economics cullen roche - 06/27/2014 02/06/2018 the guys at zero hedge posted this useful summary of the various economic schools.
- The similarities and differences between rostow’s stages of growth analysis and the marxian analysis are : there are certain similarities between rostow’s stages of growth analysis and the marxian analysis of the historical evolution of an economy 2 both accept the fact that economic change.
Theory of international trade international trade takes place because of the variations in productive factors in different countries the variations of productive factors cause differences in price in different countries and the price differences are the main cause of international trade. Economic theory is to keep track of benefits and costs the idea of opportunity cost is a fundamental one in economics, and would be very difficult to use without a theoretical. K eynesian economics is a theory of total spending in the economy (called aggregate demand) and its effects on output and inflationalthough the term has been used (and abused) to describe many things over the years, six principal tenets seem central to keynesianism the first three describe how the economy works. Marx and schumpeter: a comparison of their theories of development (2009)'marx and schumpeter: a comparison of their theories of development',review of the categories of economic theory are.
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Although the term “locavore”may seem novel to some, its meaning is deeply ingrained in the traditions of our ancestors. In the past decade there has been a surge of individuals who identify with this term, however. Although no single definition stands to exist, many of the principals to which these individuals adhere to are congruent and similar regardless of where they live or who they are. So what does it mean to be a “locavore,” to be conscious of where your food, especially your produce and dairy products, come from, and to desire to follow to “farm to table movement?” Here are four ways to not only get your locavore on, but more importantly become a more mindful consumer and learn to ask questions, like where did my food come from, how it was made, and how it got here!
The 100-Mile Rule Decoded
The most common definition of a locavore is an individual who consciously chooses to consume food products produced and grown within 100-miles of its point of purchase. The thought is, by consuming food found within this small radius you will reduce your carbon footprint while helping to support local farmers. Of course many of the luxuries that we have become so fond of, spices, chocolate and coffee often pose a conflict of interest for strict followers of this movement. What’s more, it is a common misnomer that food produced within a 100 miles is always fresher, healthier, has more nutritional value and was farmed with ideal production practices. Unfortunately this is not always the case and it is important to look at the labels and do your research on local producers.
Discover your Farmers Market
Unbeknownst to most, farmers markets exist all over the country and depending on your location, many are open year round. Farmers markets have been around for hundreds of years, cultivating produce and locally made goods for the general public in a friendly, pleasant direct-to-consumer market environment. Farmers come together usually once or twice a week to showcase their latest crop, prized cheese, freshly baked goods, and or newly tapped maple syrup. The output is usually fragrant, fresh and bursting with flavor. Locavores flock to their bi-weekly or weekly farmers markets to stock up on fresh goods. It is important to know that not all farmers are required to produce organically. However you simply need to ask and most farmers are extremely forthcoming about their production techniques!
Become a Steward of the Environment
Every individual contributes to the longevity of our planet–some more than others, but everyone plays a role. Gaining a deeper understanding of this influence is the first step in helping reduce the rapid deterioration that we find taking place to our natural surroundings. The food we eat, where it comes from, and how it is produced has an incredibly large impact on the environment. Industrial farming, for example, has proven negative impacts to the environment; it pollutes the air and groundwater, degrades the soil, causes loss of biodiversity, and can harm the health of individuals living within close proximity. However, small-scale farming on the other hand has proven to improve the environment degradation, minimize use of harmful pesticides, and offer more nutrition-rich food goods. If awareness is the first necessary step than action is sure to follow with much smaller carbon footprints.
Follow the Breadcrumbs: Food Traceability
Because consuming and purchasing food wholly produced in a 100-mile radius can be extremely difficult and sometimes unfeasible, many companies have found it advantageous to utilize food traceability software. The use of GPS, thermal printers, durable labels and tags allows consumers to be able to trace the food they purchase from its harvest, through the processing and distribution all the way to their plate. Consumer confidence will surge and producers, grocers, and everyone involved in the process will incur fiscal benefits when there is exists 100% visibility in the labeling of our foods.
Here’s to you taking the necessary steps to be a conscious consumer. Whether producer, grower, farmer, grocer, or consumer, become an advocate for yourself and your community: support local farmers, do your part to help the environment, and push for greater visibility in the way food is labeled and produced.
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DEAR READERS: Happy Fourth of July! While you are enjoying the outdoor barbecue, here’s a little history to go with the day:
The United States has a Great Seal that is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the federal government. The Great Seal has a picture of a bald eagle with its wings outstretched, holding a bundle of 13 arrows in one talon and an olive branch in the other. The arrows refer to the 13 original states, and the olive branch symbolizes a desire for peace. The olive branch is usually depicted with 13 leaves and 13 olives, going back to the original states.
While the colors of the American flag do not have specific meanings, the colors of the Great Seal do. Charles Thomson, secretary of the Continental Congress, stated that the white signifies purity and innocence. The red stands for hardiness and valor. Blue, which is the color of the chief, signifies vigilance, perseverance and justice. We hope you’ve learned something today. We certainly did.
DEAR ANNIE: I saw your column about Taps on Memorial Day. As a Southern-born woman, I heard the story differently.
Capt. Robert Ellicombe, a Union soldier, was at Harrison’s Landing in Virginia with the Confederate Army on the other side of the narrow strip of sand. During the night, Ellicombe heard the moans of a severely wounded soldier and decided to risk his life to bring the stricken man back for medical attention. Crawling on his stomach through the gunfire, the captain reached the soldier and began pulling him toward his encampment. When the captain finally reached his own lines, he discovered it was a Confederate soldier, but the soldier was dead. The captain lit a lantern and caught his breath and went numb with shock. In the dim light, he saw the face of the soldier. It was his son. The boy had been studying music in the South when the war broke out. Without telling his father, he had enlisted in the Confederate Army.
The following morning, heartbroken, the father asked for permission from his superiors to give his son a full military burial, despite his enemy status. The request for an Army band to play a funeral dirge was turn`ed down, but out of respect for the father, they said he could have one musician. He chose a bugler and asked him to play a series of musical notes that he found on a piece of paper in the pocket of his dead son’s uniform. It was the haunting melody we now know as Taps.
I’m thinking the version I just gave you is more authentic. — SARANAC, MICH.
DEAR MICHIGAN: The version you sent was lovely, and we’ve heard it before. As much as the tragic sentiment makes for an exquisite story, it is an urban legend and has never been verified to have any basis in fact.
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Children's Foot Care
Just like with adults, foot care for children is vital to their health and wellbeing. But caring for kids’ feet isn’t exactly the same as caring for your own feet. Their delicate toes and soles are still growing and therefore require special attention and proper shoes. Children also experience unique foot disorders, including Sever’s disease, flatfoot, in-toeing (pigeon foot) and other deformities that often require exams and treatment by podiatrists or orthopedic surgeons.
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three schools of the south and seven schools of the north ［南三北七］ ( nansan-hokushichi): Also, three schools of southern China and seven schools of northern China. Though generally referred to as “schools,” they are actually the ten principal systems of classification of the Buddhist sutras set forth by various Buddhist teachers in China, during the Northern and Southern Dynasties period (439–589). Hence there are no specific names for the respective schools. T’ien-t’ai (538–597) employed this generic designation and outlined these systems in his Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra.
All three southern schools classified the Buddhist sutras into three categories—the sudden teaching, the gradual teaching, and the indeterminate teaching. The sudden teaching as defined by these schools corresponds to the Flower Garland Sutra; the gradual teaching, to the Āgama sutras, Correct and Equal sutras, Wisdom sutras, Lotus Sutra, and Nirvana Sutra; and the indeterminate teaching, to the Shrīmālā and Golden Light sutras. The difference among the three southern schools lies in their arrangement of the sutras included in the gradual teaching. One school subdivides the gradual teaching into three divisions: the teaching of the reality of things (Āgama sutras), the teaching of the non-substantiality of things (Correct and Equal sutras, Wisdom sutras, and Lotus Sutra), and the teaching of the eternity of the Buddha nature (Nirvana Sutra). Another of the three schools places the Lotus Sutra in an additional category by itself called the teaching uniting all teachings in the one vehicle, thus making four divisions within the gradual teaching. A third school adds a fifth division to the gradual teaching, establishing a separate category for the Vimalakīrti Sutra, the Brahmā Excellent Thought Sutra, and other sutras. This is called the division of the teaching extolling the bodhisattva practice.
The classifications by the seven northern schools are as follows: (1) A division of the Buddhist sutras into five categories called the teaching of human and heavenly beings (ethical teachings), the teaching of the reality of things, the teaching of the non-substantiality of things, the teaching uniting all teachings in the one vehicle, and the teaching of the eternity of the Buddha nature. (2) A twofold classification established by Bodhiruchi dividing Buddhism into the incomplete word teaching (Hinayana or Āgama sutras) and the complete word teaching (Mahayana). (3) A classification established by Hui-kuang, arranging the Buddhist teachings into four doctrines: causes and conditions (the doctrine of abhidharma works), temporary name (the doctrine of The Treatise on the Establishment of Truth), denial of the reality of things (the doctrine of the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra and of the three treatises—The Treatise on the Middle Way, The Treatise on the Twelve Gates, and The One-Hundred-Verse Treatise), and the eternity of the Buddha nature (the doctrine of the Nirvana Sutra and the Flower Garland Sutra). (4) A five-division system, identical to Hui-kuang’s, except that the Flower Garland Sutra occupies an additional category of its own called the doctrine of the phenomenal world. (5) A classification into six doctrines, which adds to Hui-kuang’s four-division system the two categories of the true teaching (Lotus Sutra) and the perfect teaching (Great Collection Sutra). (6) A division of Mahayana into two types: one that holds phenomena to be real, and the other that views them as non-substantial. (7) The one voice teaching, which maintains that the Buddha expounds only the one Buddha vehicle and there is no other teaching but this one Buddha vehicle that represents all his lifetime teachings.
T’ien-t’ai refuted these systems of classification and, refining and integrating all existing systems, formulated the classification of the “five periods and eight teachings” to assert the superiority of the Lotus Sutra over all other sutras. See also five periods and eight teachings.
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Visitors to the Royal Bath and West Show know more than most about their food.
But new research shows many of us are still confused about what foods play a vital role in our diet.
Despite health campaigns urging people to make sure their diets contain a mix of fats, carbs, protein, vitamins and minerals, millions of us are unaware of the importance of these elements
The study also shows that two out of three Brits (73 per cent) suffer from energy dips during the week.
While the vast majority of us know the importance of eating vegetables and fruit every day, a new study shows many of us are confused about what else we should be eating.
The study shows that only half of us are aware of the importance of consuming fats daily as part of our diet, possibly wrongly believing that all fats are bad.
Furthermore, 30 per cent do not know they need minerals and 20 per cent vitamins every day, while one in seven of us don't rate fibre as being an important part of our diets, and a fifth protein.
The study also reveals that 81 per cent of us have absolutely no idea how much protein they should consume daily, while a further one in five (17 per cent) believe that protein rich foods are unhealthy or high in fat.
Furthermore, one in ten (11 per cent) believe chocolate, beer and wine to be good sources of protein.
The study is released as Upbeat launches National Protein Week, dedicated to educating people on the important role protein plays.
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Solanum rostratum Dunal
Buffalo Bur, Buffalo Bur Nightshade
Solanaceae (Potato Family)
Synonym(s): Androcera rostrata, Solanum cornutum
USDA Symbol: SORO
Dense, golden-yellow prickles cover the stems and calyx of each yellow, star-like flower on this leafy weed.
The prickles on this highly toxic plant help to discourage grazing by livestock. An equally prickly species of about the same habit, Melonleaf Nightshade (S. citrullifolium), has blue-violet corollas.
From the Image Gallery
Bloom InformationBloom Color: Yellow
Bloom Time: May , Sep
DistributionUSA: AL , AR , AZ , CA , CO , CT , DC , DE , GA , IA , ID , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , ME , MI , MN , MO , MS , MT , NC , ND , NE , NH , NJ , NM , NV , NY , OH , OK , OR , PA , RI , SC , SD , TN , TX , UT , VA , VT , WA , WI , WV , WY
Native Distribution: Throughout much of southern Canada and United States; in West, probably more common in southern part; also in northern Mexico.
Native Habitat: Found in dry, calcareous soil in full sun with little water. This plant is very abundant in the Texas hill country.
Growing ConditionsLight Requirement: Sun
Conditions Comments: This plant is extrememly low maintenance and has prickles to protect itself from harm. This plant comes into the landscape when all other things disappear and can survive will no water and bad soil.
BenefitUse Wildlife: Seeds are important dove and quail food.
Conspicuous Flowers: yes
Fragrant Flowers: yes
Interesting Foliage: yes
Deer Resistant: High
Find Seed or Plants
Find seed sources for this species at the Native Seed Network.
From the National Organizations DirectoryAccording to the species list provided by Affiliate Organizations, this plant is on display at the following locations:
Fredericksburg Nature Center - Fredericksburg, TX
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Austin, TX
Sibley Nature Center - Midland, TX
Brackenridge Field Laboratory - Austin, TX
Patsy Glenn Refuge - Wimberley, TX
Native Seed Network - Corvallis, OR
Herbarium Specimen(s)NPSOT 0446 Collected Jun 4, 1987 in Bexar County by Harry Cliffe
NPSOT 0946 Collected Sep 1, 1994 in Bexar County by Harry Cliffe
NPSOT 0025 Collected July 22, 1990 in Bexar County by Judith C. Berry
NPSOT 0128 Collected Sept. 9, 1991 in Bexar County by Lottie Millsaps
Wildflower Center Seed BankLBJWC-0110 Collected 2007-07-10 in Travis County by Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
BibliographyBibref 281 - Shinners & Mahler's Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas (1999) Diggs, G. M.; B. L. Lipscomb; B. O'Kennon; W. F...
Bibref 328 - Wildflowers of Texas (2003) Ajilvsgi, Geyata.
Bibref 286 - Wildflowers of the Texas Hill Country (1989) Enquist, M.
Search More Titles in Bibliography
Additional resourcesUSDA: Find Solanum rostratum in USDA Plants
FNA: Find Solanum rostratum in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Solanum rostratum
MetadataRecord Modified: 2019-02-07
Research By: NPC
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Henry Lawson (17 June 1867 – 2 September 1922 / Grenfell, New South Wales)
» Click to list general statistics » OR, select a date :
Young Kings and Old
The Young King fights in the trenches and the Old King fights in the rear—
Because he is old and feeble, and not for a thought of fear.
The Young King fights for the Future, and the Old King fights
read more >>
- Hits: Number of visitors who read the poem on the given date.
- Posts: Number of visitors who posted the poem to a friend (via e-mail) on the given date.
- Dates that have "0" hits may not be shown on the list.
- Dates, poems and poets that have "0" hits may not be shown on the list. Statistics are generated daily.
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Describe the character.
Answers 1Add Yours
Marsile, Moslem monarch of Spain, though in the poem his holdings have been diminished until only the city of Saragossa remains under Moslem control. With the help of his vassals, he hatches a plot to rid Spain of Charlemagne for good. He is not a strong man, and his defeats lead him into despair. He loses his hand to Roland. When Baligant, Marsile's liege lord and the emir of Babylone, is crushed by Charlemagne, Marsile dies of grief.
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High-falutin' detergents add expensive enzymes, which break up stains. They really work, but when the wash cycle is over the enzymes go down the drain along with the cheap soap and dirty water. But wait a minute -- didn't they tell us in chemistry class that the whole point of enzymes is that they facilitate reactions without being used up?
Two bright fellows, C.S. Pundir and Nidhi Chauhan, reported to the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research that they had bound the four most common laundry enzymes to plastic surfaces (a bucket and scrub brush used in pre-washing) in a way that made the enzymes available for at least 200 re-uses over a three-month period. It's a cheaper approach, and a lot less junk in the wastewater, too. It's not commercially available yet, unfortunately.
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What Is CERT?
The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program helps train people to be better prepared to respond to emergency situations in their communities. When emergencies happen, CERT members can give critical support to first responders, provide immediate assistance to victims, and organize spontaneous volunteers at a disaster site. CERT members can also help with non-emergency projects that help improve the safety of the community.
The CERT course is taught in the community by a trained team of first responders who have completed a CERT Train-the-Trainer course conducted by their state training office for emergency management, or FEMA's Emergency Management Institute (EMI), located in Emmitsburg, Maryland. CERT training includes disaster preparedness, disaster fire suppression, basic disaster medical operations, and light search and rescue operations.
The CERT course will benefit any citizen who takes it. This individual will be better prepared to respond to and cope with the aftermath of a disaster. Additionally, if a community wants to supplement its response capability after a disaster, civilians can be recruited and trained as neighborhood, business, and government teams that, in essence, will be auxiliary responders. These groups can provide immediate assistance to victims in their area, organize spontaneous volunteers who have not had the training, and collect disaster intelligence that will assist professional responders with prioritization and allocation of resources following a disaster.
How Did CERT Began?
The Community Emergency Response Team concept was developed and implemented by the Los Angeles City Fire Department (LAFD) in 1985. The Whittier Narrows earthquake in 1987 underscored the area-wide threat of a major disaster in California. Further, it confirmed the need for training civilians to meet their immediate needs. As a result, the LAFD created the Disaster Preparedness Division with the purpose of training citizens and private and government employees.
The training program that LAFD initiated makes good sense and furthers the process of citizens understanding their responsibility in preparing for disaster. It also increases their ability to safely help themselves, their family and their neighbors. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recognizes the importance of preparing citizens. The Emergency Management Institute (EMI) and the National Fire Academy adopted and expanded the CERT materials believing them applicable to all hazards.
Learn more by visiting Community Emergency Response Teams.
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including the different types and who gets them.
- Type 2 Diabetes Basic facts about type 2 diabetes & risk factors to be aware of.
- ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including the different types and who gets them.
- Acne Important facts about acne and what causes it.
- Adult ADHD Facts about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults.
- Asthma More than 22 million Americans suffer from asthma. Get the facts.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Get the facts about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
- Childhood Asthma Childhood asthma facts, including causes, symptoms & complications.
- Clinical Depression Clinical depression facts; symptoms & other depressive disorders.
- Depression Facts about depression, including the symptoms of the condition.
- Grass Pollen Allergy Get the facts about grass pollen Allergy.
- View All Care Guides Prepare for your next visit with our extensive library of Care Guides
Dr. Katherine E Krieg has the following 2 specialties
- Adolescent Medicine
Adolescent specialists are doctors who have advanced training in the health issues that adolescents face. These physicians deal with issues like the onset of puberty, reproductive health, eating disorders, irregular periods, mood changes, drugs and pressures from home and school. For girls entering adulthood, adolescent specialists can act as both pediatrician and gynecologist, so they only have to see one doctor for all their needs.
A pediatrician is a doctor who specializes in the regular care of children, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of illness in children. Young patients are often more complicated to treat because they are still growing and developing.
While pediatricians may sub-specialize in specific therapy areas like oncology, surgery, ophthalmology, and anesthesiology, in general, pediatricians provide services like vaccinations, health exams, and treatment of common ailments and injuries. In addition, pediatricians are trained to handle the complex emotional and behavioral issues faced by children, especially during puberty.
Pediatricians normally see their patients from birth until the age of 18, although some may agree to treat patients into their early 20s, if requested.
Dr. Katherine E Krieg has the following 5 expertise
- Substance Abuse
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Birth Control
- Eating Disorders
Dr. Katherine E Krieg has 1 board certified specialty
See the board certifications this doctor has received. Board certifications provide confidence that this doctor meets the nationally recognized standards for education, knowledge and experience
Dr. Katherine E Krieg is Board Certified in 1 specialty
See the board certifications this doctor has received. Board certifications provide confidence that this doctor meets the nationally recognized standards for education, knowledge and experience.
Showing 5 of 5
I take my 2 daughters to Dr. Krieg and we love her. She's not the most personable doctor, but she's caring, takes plenty of time with us, and always works to find a proper diagnosis. My 3 year old has a lot of health problems and I feel very comfortable calling for Dr. Krieg's advice, opinion, and referral to an appropriate specialist. We never wait more than 10 minutes per visit!
24 Years Experience
Ohio State University College Of Medicine
Graduated in 1994
Maricopa Medical Center
Dr. Katherine E Krieg accepts the following insurance providers.
- Aetna Choice POS II
- Aetna HMO
- Aetna Managed Choice POS Open Access
- Aetna Savings Plus of AZ
- Aetna Signature Administrators PPO
- Aetna Whole Health Arizona Care Network
- Aetna Whole Health Banner Health Network HMO
- BCBS AZ Alliance Network
BCBS Blue Card
- BCBS Blue Card PPO
- CIGNA HMO
- CIGNA Open Access Plus
- CIGNA PPO
- First Health PPO
- Health Net AZ HMO ExcelCare Network
- Health Net AZ PPO HSA
- Humana Choice POS
- Humana National POS
- UHC Choice Plus POS
- UHC Navigate HMO
- UHC Navigate POS
- UHC Options PPO
Locations & DirectionsChildrens Oasis Pediatrics Pc, 1425 W Elliot Rd Ste 204, Gilbert, AZ
Take a minute to learn about Dr. Katherine E Krieg in this video.
Dr. Katherine E Krieg is similar to the following 3 Doctors near Gilbert, AZ.
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Once my son got mobile, we spent a lot of time baby-proofing our house. We put everything not fit for a baby’s mouth in latched cabinets or moved them up higher, then hid all furniture he could climb. When we moved his toys into those vacant low shelves, a cool thing happened: he started entertaining himself for longer stretches of time, because he could reach more things on his own. He also seemed noticeably prouder of himself. One of the things toddlers learn when they play on their own is the pride of doing things for yourself.
Babies and toddlers are little problem-solving machines. They live to learn about the world through trial and error while they play. However, it can be hard to just let them play when we're concerned about their safety, or think they should be doing something else more “educational” or whatever, or once they've gotten used to us entertaining them because that's how things have always gone down in the past.
Letting toddlers play on their own may seem like no big deal (or maybe even like something that shouldn't be allowed), but it's actually a really important opportunity for them, for the following reasons (among lots of others):
You Consider The Space You're In A Safe Place…
Toddlers look to us for clues about how to feel about their surroundings and other people around them. If we seem apprehensive or unsure, they learn to consider the space (or people) around them unsafe. But if we allow them some free rein, that tells them that where we are at the moment is safe.
...And Help Them Start To Tell The Difference Between Safe And Unsafe Places
Kids are smart. They know that there are some times, like when we're outside or somewhere crowded, where we hold on to them and don't let them roam very far. And there are other times, like when we're at home or school or a trusted friend or family member’s house, where we let them play as they choose.
That helps them start to notice patterns — “When we're inside a place with toys and gates on the stairs, I can play by myself. When we're out near cars, Mama holds me close or straps me into my stroller” — that help them figure out how to identify safe versus unsafe places, and how to behave accordingly.
They Are Capable Of Entertaining Themselves…
Letting them play on their own is a vote of confidence in their abilities to keep themselves occupied without your help.
...And You Don't Exist Solely To Entertain Them
Letting them play on their own also sends them the message that while you like to play with them sometimes, you don't need to. You have other things to do and other reasons to be.
They Don't Always Need Other People In Order To Have Fun
Connection with other people is so important. Then again, so is having time to ourselves. Letting toddlers play on their own teaches them that it's perfectly OK to do your own thing sometimes. You don’t always need to be part of a group.
You Trust Them To Make Good Choices…
Letting them play on their own means that we think they can choose what to do and what not to do, and that we believe they can do things for themselves (within reason) without hurting themselves or anything else.
…And You Respect What They Choose To Do
When we interrupt what little kids are doing to direct their attention to a different activity, or stop what they were doing to engage them in a game we choose, we send the message that what we choose for them is more worthwhile than what they choose. When we let them play on their own (and give them a heads up before playtime will need to end so we can move on to something else that has to happen), we teach them that what they're doing is worthy, and that they're capable of making good choices with their time.
You Think They're Capable Of Directing Their Own Attention
Kids who are allowed to play on their own sometimes learn that they can trust their own minds to figure out what to focus on and imagine things to do. When we constantly make those choices for them, and entertain them all the time, they learn that they need an adult to tell them what to do all the time.
You Trust Them To Be Able To Figure Out Some Of Their Own Problems
Playtime presents lots of little problems to be solved: figuring out how to use toys that have subtle limits (like shape sorters), figuring out how to balance things (like stacking towers), and so forth. Letting them work through those problems on their own without immediately jumping in teaches them that you think they can handle it, which helps them believe in their own ability to solve their own problems, too.
Playing Separately At One Time Doesn't Mean You Can't Play Together Another Time
By letting them play on their own sometimes, but playing with them other times, we let them know that life isn't all or nothing. They can be on their own sometimes, and it doesn't mean you're rejecting them or that you’ll never play together again. It just means you're not playing together right now, and that can be totally OK.
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Specifically mentioned alongside his few contact details is a request to use free telephony. A request for Skype ID is met with a remark, ‘That is non-free (freedom-denying) software.' For this campaigner of freedom since 1983, computing with freedom is a political, ethical and moral choice that every one needs to make, keeping in mind the fact that it affects the community.
One of Richard Stallman's most famous interventions in free software was the GNU General Public Licence (GPL), which he devised around 1985 as a general licence applicable to any program. The licence codifies the concept of “copyleft,” the central idea of which gives “everyone permission to run the program, copy the program, modify the program and distribute modified versions, but not permission to add restrictions of their own.”
Mr. Stallman was recently in India to promote the use of free software.
Besides campaigning against restrictive and surveillance features of proprietary software companies, the Free Software Foundation, launched by Mr. Stallman, provides a repository of information on free applications in various fields. For instance, in music, it offers details of online music stores that provide “Internet music without the guilt” and a variety of audio books without digital restrictions or formats exclusivity. Mr. Stallman himself uses a netbook that runs with 100 per cent free software even at the BIOS level.
And this has considerable implications in newly emerging technology such as smartphones. While quite a few people believe that Android OS is free software because of its use of the Linux kernel, Mr. Stallman is firm that it is not. “The executables in Android cannot be modified by the user but only by the manufacturer despite the fact that the source code is open,” he says. “So, you access the source code and write your version but the device will not support it. This goes against the freedom to run your own version. Just the source code being open is only theoretical freedom,” he adds.
A lot of work in creating free alternatives is on, he points out, including Replicant. “One problem with a lot of proprietary software is the problem of digital surveillance. Your own computer can be turned against you, and this is possible because proprietary software have intrusive features,” Mr. Stallman says.
The free software movement, on the other hand, works towards software programmes that can be controlled by the users individually and collectively, he points out. And clearly, this can be used to counter surveillance. For instance, one of the projects on the anvil is a browser add-on that will block the appearance of Facebook ‘like' buttons in other websites. This is important because such buttons offer social networking sites a chance to monitor user behaviour even when the user is not logged into the social networking site, he says.
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TUESDAY, Oct. 18, 2016 (HealthDay News) — For U.S. adults, the economic burden associated with vaccine-preventable diseases was estimated at about $9 billion in 2015, according to a study published in the October issue of Health Affairs.
Noting that low rates of vaccine uptake lead to costs to individuals and society, Sachiko Ozawa, Ph.D., from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and colleagues calculated the current economic burden attributable to vaccine-preventable diseases among U.S. adults.
The researchers estimated that in 2015, the total remaining economic burden was approximately $9 billion from vaccine-preventable diseases related to 10 vaccines recommended for adults aged 19 years and older. Almost 80 percent of the financial burden ($7.1 billion) was due to unvaccinated individuals.
“These results not only indicate the potential economic benefit of increasing adult immunization uptake but also highlight the value of vaccines,” the authors write. “Policies should focus on minimizing the negative externalities or spillover effects from the choice not to be vaccinated, while preserving patient autonomy.”
Two authors are employees of Merck and Company, which partially funded the study.
Copyright © 2016 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
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Landscapes, Landform and Natural Character
This chapter seeks to ensure that natural features, landscape and nature conservation values are preserved and protected by managing land use and development activities. For example, restricting subdivision to larger lots within outstanding natural areas to avoid the likelihood of later land uses impacting Outstanding Natural Landscape characteristics and values.
The rule framework focused on land use activities
- Buildings and structures
- Exotic tree planting
The underlying zoning sets the performance standards for buildings (maximum height, setbacks, reflectivity, and location within the landscape), earthworks and exotic tree planting (species).
► The natural character of the upper Waitaki landscape has changed in recent years as a result of development pressures and intensive farming. The Council is working closely with the MacKenzie Alignment Group to address any gaps in the current District Plan and ensure alignment with the relevant legislation and plans.
► Parts of the mid-upper Waitaki Valley as being particularly prone to further loss of landscape and biodiversity values due to agricultural conversion and intensification (including irrigation, cultivation, top dressing and oversowing).
► Regional policy identifies large area and different parts of the Waitaki landscape that should be identified and included as outstanding natural landscape.
► Irrigation activities in the mid-upper Waitaki Valley have changed the look of the landscape, reducing the natural character of the landscape.
► Additional ‘outstanding natural landscapes’ have been identified for possible inclusion in the new District Plan.
DRAFT RESPONSES TO KEY ISSUES
► Revise the mapping of outstanding natural features and landscapes (ONFs and ONLs).
► Development of a rule framework that protects the ONFs and ONLs of the district from inappropriate subdivision, use and development. For example increasing the minimum lot sizes, reducing the maximum height of buildings and structures, increasing the setbacks from public roads and areas, introducing a maximum building coverage/ gross floor area for buildings.
► Introduce a defined farm base area which enables more intensive development within a defined area, subject to performance standards.
► Proposed changes to rules relating to forestry within amenity landscapes.
► Encouraging appropriate land management practices, which foster protection and enhancement of ONF’s and ONL’s, through the work of individuals and community groups.
► Providing for existing activities and limited new activities within ONF’s and ONL’s in appropriate circumstances.
► Geo-preservation sites are proposed to be identified as a new overlay within the new District Plan. This would enable council to develop a rule framework which recognises specific requirements for these sites.
► Restricting some activities in the most sensitive landscapes such as built development, forestry and the irrigation of land.
A geo preservation site is a site or landscape of geological significance.
|
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| 0.908585 | 575 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Proudly Made in America American Flags in Meridian ID 83642
A national icon that goes by the nicknames “The Stars and Stripes”, “Old Glory”, and also “The Star-Spangled Banner”, the American flag is among the very recognizable signs on the planet today. This is generally because of the condition of the United States as one of one of the most significant countries in history. The American Flag is the 3rd oldest of the National Standards of the world – older than the Union Jack of Britain or the Tricolor of France. It is distinct in the deep as well as worthy importance of its message to the whole world. It stands for a message of national freedom, of individual freedom, of idealism, and of nationalism.
Who created the American Flag?
According to popular legend, the first American flag was made by Betsy Ross, a Philadelphia seamstress that was an acquaintance of George Washington. In May 1776, so the tale goes, General Washington and also 2 people from the Continental Congress visited Ross at her upholstery store and also showed her a rough design of the flag. Although Washington at first favored using a star with 6 points, Ross supported for a five-pointed star, which could be cut with just one quick snip of the scissors, and also the gents were won over. Unfortunately, historians have never been able to verify this variation of occasions.
In those days, the flag was not the exact same as we understand it today. The act mentioned, “Resolved, that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternating red and white; that the Union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.”
What does the American Flag stand for?
The flag initially flew over thirteen states along the Atlantic coast, with a population of some three million people. Today it flies over fifty states, extending throughout the continent, and also over multiple islands of both seas; as well as many owe it allegiance. It has actually been brought to this honored position by love as well as sacrifice. People have advanced it and heroes have died for it.
The flag includes 13 alternating red and also white straight stripes representing the first thirteen British colonies that stated independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and ended up being the initial states in the US. A blue rectangle in the canton bears 50 small, white stars standing for each state. The stars are arranged in 9 horizontal rows offset of each other. This blue area of the flag is called the Union.
The significance of the Flag, as stated by Washington: “We take the stars from Heaven, the red from our mother country, dividing it by white stripes, hence revealing that we have actually divided from her, as well as the white red stripes will go down to posterity representing Liberty.”
It incarnates for all mankind the spirit of freedom and the remarkable principle of human freedom; not the liberty of unrestraint or the freedom of license, however a unique ideal of equal opportunity forever, freedom and the pursuit of joy, guarded by the strict as well as soaring principles of responsibility, of sanctity and of justice, and obtainable by obedience to self-imposed legislations.
It embodies the significance of patriotism. Its spirit is the spirit of the American country. Its background is the history of the American people. Emblazoned on its folds in letters of living light are the names and fame of our heroic dead, the Fathers of the Republic who devoted after its altars their lives, their riches as well as their sacred honor. Two times told tales of nationwide honor as well as magnificence collection heavily regarding it. Ever triumphant, it has emerged triumphant from eight excellent national conflicts. It flew at Saratog, at Yorktown, at Palo Alto, at Gettysburg, at Manila bay, at Chateau-Thierry, at Iwo Jima. It demonstrates to the enormous expansion of our nationwide limits, the development of our natural deposits, and the magnificent framework of our world. It prophesises the triumph of popular federal government, of public and also spiritual liberty as well as of nationwide morality throughout the globe.
Why is the American Flag important to American culture?
The American flag is really vital since it symbolizes the independent federal government as defined under the United States Constitution. The flag likewise signifies the numerous achievements of the country as well as the satisfaction of its people.
This national icon reminds individuals, not only in the Idaho state, but throughout the entire USA concerning the different important aspects of the Declaration of Independence. It is not just a simple symbol, which stands for the liberty as well as rights of Americans. Drifting from the lofty peak of American idealism, it is a sign of enduring hope.
It is the indicator made visible of the solid spirit that has actually brought freedom as well as success to individuals of America. It is the flag of all us alike. Let us accord it recognize and also loyalty.
Where can I find American Flags?
You possibly already discovered this, however there are a great deal of locations where you could get American flags. It is important to keep in mind that the flag you’re going to purchase need to be “Made in America. There are multiple vendors whose flags are labeled as made in China, as well as flying a China-made American flag simply does not make much sense now, does it?
Based on statistics, Americans invest over 5.3 million US dollars on imported flags annually – a lot of which are made in China. Possibly a lot more perplexing is that throughout 2001, in the wave of patriotism that spread over America after 9/11, Americans purchased $52 million USD in imported flags. The flag ought to represent the blood, sweat, and tears of American men and women who brought this country right into existence, not our indebtedness to China as well as the fatality of the American manufacturing field.
The flag signifies nationwide self-reliance and also prominent sovereignty. It is not the flag of a reigning family or royal house, yet of the thousands free people bonded into a nation, one and also inseparable, united not just by community of interest, however by crucial unity of belief and function; a nation identified for the clear individual conception of its citizens alike of their tasks and their advantages, their obligations and their legal rights.
So have a little pride, invest a couple more bucks, and also buy an American flag made by Americans in the United States of America.
Meridian ZIP codes we serve: 83642
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One of the most common physical complaints is shoulder pain. Your shoulder is made up of several joints combined with tendons and muscles that allow a great range of motion in your arm. Because so many different structures make up the shoulder, it is vulnerable to many different problems. The rotator cuff is a frequent source of pain in the shoulder.
Your shoulder is made up of three bones: your upper arm bone (humerus), your shoulder blade (scapula), and your collarbone (clavicle).
Your arm is kept in your shoulder socket by your rotator cuff. These muscles and tendons form a covering around the head of your upper arm bone and attach it to your shoulder blade.
There is a lubricating sac called a bursa between the rotator cuff and the bone on top of your shoulder (acromion). The bursa allows the rotator cuff tendons to glide freely when you move your arm.
Normal anatomy of the shoulder.
The rotator cuff is a common source of pain in the shoulder. Pain can be the
- Tendinitis. The rotator cuff tendons can be irritated or damaged.
- Bursitis. The bursa can become inflamed and swell with more fluid causing pain.
- Impingement. When you raise your arm to shoulder height, the space between the acromion and rotator cuff narrows. The acromion can rub against (or “impinge” on) the tendon and the bursa, causing irritation and pain.
The acromion “impinges” on the rotator cuff and bursa.
Rotator cuff pain is common in both young athletes and middle-aged people. Young athletes who use their arms overhead for swimming, baseball, and tennis are particularly vulnerable. Those who do repetitive lifting or overhead activities using the arm, such as paper hanging, construction, or painting are also susceptible.
Pain may also develop as the result of a minor injury. Sometimes, it occurs with no apparent cause.
Rotator cuff pain commonly causes local swelling and tenderness in the front of the shoulder. You may have pain and stiffness when you lift your arm. There may also be pain when the arm is lowered from an elevated position. Beginning symptoms may be mild. Patients frequently do not seek treatment at an early stage. These symptoms may include:
- Minor pain that is present both with activity and at rest
- Pain radiating from the front of the shoulder to the side of the arm
- Sudden pain with lifting and reaching movements
- Athletes in overhead sports may have pain when throwing or serving a tennis ball
As the problem progresses, the symptoms increase:
- Pain at night
- Loss of strength and motion
- Difficulty doing activities that place the arm behind the back, such as buttoning or zippering
If the pain comes on suddenly, the shoulder may be severely tender. All movement may be limited and painful.
Medical History and Physical Examination
Your doctor will test your range of motion by having you move your arm in different directions. Reproduced with permission from JF Sarwark, ed: Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4.
Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010.
After discussing your symptoms and medical history, your doctor will examine your shoulder. He or she will check to see whether it is tender in any area or whether there is a deformity. To measure the range of motion of your shoulder, your doctor will have you move your arm in several different directions. He or she will also test your arm strength.
Your doctor will check for other problems with your shoulder joint. He or she may also examine your neck to make sure that the pain is not coming from a “pinched nerve,” and to rule out other conditions, such as arthritis.
Other tests which may help your doctor confirm your diagnosis include:
X-rays. Becauses x-rays do not show the soft tissues of your shoulder like the rotator cuff, plain x-rays of a shoulder with rotator cuff pain are usually normal or may show a small bone spur. A special x-ray view, called an “outlet view,” sometimes will show a small bone spur on the front edge of the acromion.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound. These studies can create better images of soft tissues like the rotator cuff tendons. They can show fluid or inflammation in the bursa and rotator cuff. In some cases, partial tearing of the rotator cuff will be seen.
The goal of treatment is to reduce pain and restore function. In planning your treatment, your doctor will consider your age, activity level, and general health.
In most cases, initial treatment is nonsurgical. Although nonsurgical treatment may take several weeks to months, many patients experience a gradual improvement and return to function.
Rest. Your doctor may suggest rest and activity modification, such as avoiding overhead activities.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines. Drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen reduce pain and swelling.
Physical therapy. A physical therapist will initially focus on restoring normal motion to your shoulder. Stretching exercises to improve range of motion are very helpful. If you have difficulty reaching behind your back, you may have developed tightness of the posterior capsule of the shoulder (capsule refers to the inner lining of the shoulder and posterior refers to the back of the shoulder). Specific stretching of the posterior capsule can be very effective in relieving pain in the shoulder.
Once your pain is improving, your therapist can start you on a strengthening program for the rotator cuff muscles.
Steroid injection. If rest, medications, and physical therapy do not relieve your pain, an injection of a local anesthetic and a cortisone preparation may be helpful. Cortisone is a very effective anti-inflammatory medicine. Injecting it into the bursa beneath the acromion can relieve pain.A cortisone injection may relieve painful symptoms.
Reproduced with permission from JF Sarwark, ed: Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4.
Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010.
When nonsurgical treatment does not relieve pain, your doctor may recommend surgery.
The goal of surgery is to create more space for the rotator cuff. To do this, your doctor will remove the inflamed portion of the bursa. He or she may also perform an anterior acromioplasty, in which part of the acromion is removed. This is also known as a subacromial decompression. These procedures can be performed using either an arthroscopic or open technique.
Arthroscopic technique. In arthroscopy, thin surgical instruments are inserted into two or three small puncture wounds around your shoulder. Your doctor examines your shoulder through a fiberoptic scope connected to a television camera. He or she guides the small instruments using a video monitor, and removes bone and soft tissue. In most cases, the front edge of the acromion is removed along with some of the bursal tissue.
Your surgeon may also treat other conditions present in the shoulder at the time of surgery. These can include arthritis between the clavicle (collarbone) and the acromion (acromioclavicular arthritis), inflammation of the biceps tendon (biceps tendonitis), or a partial rotator cuff tear.
Open surgical technique. In open surgery, your doctor will make a small incision in the front of your shoulder. This allows your doctor to see the acromion and rotator cuff directly.
Rehabilitation. After surgery, your arm may be placed in a sling for a short period of time. This allows for early healing. As soon as your comfort allows, your doctor will remove the sling to begin exercise and use of the arm.
Your doctor will provide a rehabilitation program based on your needs and the findings at surgery. This will include exercises to regain range of motion of the shoulder and strength of the arm. It typically takes 2 to 4 months to achieve complete relief of pain, but it may take up to a year.
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en
| 0.921025 | 1,711 | 3.359375 | 3 |
mother of American greatness, it apparently is not due to the presence of a large percentage of urban population. The facts showing urban and rural population point in no conclusive direction.
|East North Central||9.1||7.8||2.7|
To guard against the objection that the supremacy of New England was due to the inclusion of an undue number of preachers and school teachers in the "Who's Who" figures, an analysis was prepared of the statistics by professions. The 10,000 persons are divided rather evenly over the different professions, with the two exceptions of educators and lawyers. Table VII. contains the figures for the professions at large.
|Public office holders (except Army and Navy)||916||9.2|
|Army and Navy||430||4.3|
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| 0.664286 | 163 | 2.515625 | 3 |
University of California, Los Angeles. The Westwood campus. My guess, the 1940s. UCLA came into existence as the State Normal School in 1881. Its original location is where the Los Angeles Central Library sits facing Fifth Street across from the tallest building in Los Angeles, the US Bank Building. The State Normal School was a teacher’s college.
In 1919 UCLA moved to its second location. This location was Vermont and Heliotrope where Los Angeles City College sits. At that time third and fourth year students were added because UCLA became known as the Southern branch of the University of California.
In 1927 UCLA became known as University of California at Los Angeles. Not until 1958 was the, “At” dropped for a comma.
Construction of the Westwood campus started in 1927. Students moved onto the Westwood campus in 1929.
My parents met at UCLA in 1962 when they were both students. In 1969 two extremely important events occurred at UCLA. First, UCLA became the first node of ARPANET which became the internet. Second, I was born at the UCLA hospital on October 25th.
In the study of cultural history one method of dating pictures and postcards is to date the vehicles in the picture. Some years back I picked up this rare postcard of UCLA at a vintage postcard convention. It doesn’t have a suggested amount for a stamp, or any indication when the picture was taken. The number 37 can be seen on the bottom. I need your help!
If you look closely there are a number of parked vehicles above the field. What are the years of these cars?
After we make the deduction what years the cars are we then have to ask what would be the typical age of a UCLA student’s car during this period?
Don’t assume this was taken in 1937.
So if somebody is telling you that you spend too much time looking at cars tell them these skills are needed for archeological purposes.
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http://employeelawca.com/vintagela/ucla/
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| 0.981043 | 405 | 2.5625 | 3 |
History Of The L42A1
The L42A1 was the very last of the British Lee Enfield rifles. It was developed in the late 1960s to replace the Mk1(T) rifles of the WWII era. From 1970 to 1990 the L42A1 saw service with the British Army, Royal marines, and Royal Air Force snipers. Starting in 1985 the L42A1 was slowly replaced by the L96 by Accuracy International.
The last of the Lee Enfield rifles was created to update the No. 4 Mk1(T), which were chambered in .303 British, to 7.62x51mm NATO. These old war horses had remained in service even after the L1A1 version of the FN FAL had started to replace the Lee Enfield in 1957.
Changes And Improvements
From 1970 through 1971, more than 1,000 rifles were converted from .303 British to 7.62 NATO. The WWII barrels were replaced with heavier hammer-forged 7.62x51mm barrels featuring four-groove, right hand twist rifling instead of the older fiver-groove, left hand twist used in the .303s.
To accommodate the free floating barrel, the wood stock was shortened by 1/2″ at the fore-end. A new upper hand-guard was refitted without the barrel bearing against the wood frame.
While the .303 ejector screws were left in place, a portion of the magazine lip functioned as the ejector for the 7.62 NATO mods. The .303 magazines were exchanged for the more angular 7.62x51mm version.
Even the No. 32 telescopic scopes were refurbished for the L42A1s. The bullet drop compensation was reset for the 7.62 NATO’s ballistic characteristics for 50 m to 1,000 m. These modified 3.5 power scopes were renamed the “Telescope, Straight Sighting, L1A1.”
A Whole New Package
The video below takes a closer look at one of the few remaining L42A1s with a complete and fully stocked transit case. Unfortunately, the majority of these rifles were destroyed after the weapon was deemed “obsolete” by the Department of Defense in 1990.
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| 0.969125 | 470 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Incontinence in pets can be caused in a number of ways.
Young animals may have a birth defect with one or both ureters which carry urine from kidneys to the bladder. Dog breeds prone to this defect are Siberian Huskies, Miniature Poodles, Collies, Labrador Retrievers, West Highland White Terriers, Welsh Corgis, Wire-haired Fox Terriers. It is also more common in female dogs.
UTIs (urinary tract infections) can also cause incontinence. Blockages in the urethra such as stones or a tumor can cause urine buildup. This is an emergency situation as it can be fatal in 3 or 4 days if left untreated.
Incontinence can be hormone-related in female dogs and cats that have been spayed. They urinate normally, but leak urine at other times. It can occur in neutered male pets but is much more common in females.
Female animals in general are more prone to incontinence and related problems due to their shorter urethra.
Female dogs can have vulvovaginal stenosis – the vagina narrows where the urethra ends. Urine is trapped in the vagina. When the dog rises from a down position, the urine rushes out. Sometimes stretching the narrowed area, performed under anesthesia, can help.
Aging can be a factor, causing weak bladder control or diseases that cause a pet to create more urine.
If your pet is incontinent, s/he needs to be examined by a veterinarian. Here are some questions you should be prepared to answer at the vet’s.
- At what age did the incontinence begin?
- When does it occur – at rest or during activity?
- Was your pet spayed or neutered?
- Has your pet undergone any surgeries or have any illnesses?
- Is your pet taking any medications?
- How much water does your pet drink?
Your pet will undergo urine tests, blood tests, perhaps x-rays or ultrasound to determine the reason for the incontinence. Depending on the cause, surgery or medications may be advised. Medications may be given on a trial basis, adjusting dosage and watching for side effects.
A change in diet may help. Grain-free raw or freeze-dried diets seem to work well. There are also holistic remedies that are safe and certainly worth trying.
If you suspect that your pet is ill, a visit to the veterinarian is very important. Early detection of a problem can have a successful outcome.
Our cat Sasha, a neutered male suffered a blockage. He leaked urine but could not urinate properly. The treatment by the vet was surgical removal of his penis which solved the problem. Our vet also informed us that this is not uncommon in neutered males. He suggested adding a bit of salt to Sasha’s food to encourage him to drink more water. Happily, Sasha recovered and lived long after the surgery.
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<urn:uuid:3c0a0834-d364-4efb-9cc9-dd55d0e025cd>
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| 0.952587 | 612 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The Baltic Sea States signed the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area
Short Title: Helsinki Convention
Year adopted: 22 March 1974 (UNEP 2001)
Year entered into force: 1980 (UNEP 2001)
Replaced: 1992 (UNEP 2001)
In force: 17 January 2000 (UNEP 2001)
Contracting Parties : (10) Denmark, Estonia, European Union, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russian Federation and Sweden (UNEP 2001)
Depositary State: Finland (UNEP 2001)
For full text link to: http://www.helcom.fi/convention/en_GB/convention/
The Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Programme
Year Adopted: 1992 (UNEP 2001)
Participating Countries : (10) Denmark, Estonia, European Union, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russian federation and Sweden (UNEP 2001)
The main objective of the JCP is to support both "preventive" and "curative" measures in the Baltic drainage basin to restore the ecological balance of the Baltic Sea by reducing pollution loads. This involves identifying pollution sources and carrying out measures to reduce the inputs of nutrients and other harmful substances. Identifying and cleaning up pollution hot spots is a particularly important part of this work (Helcom 2004).
In addition to the HELCOM Contracting Parties, the group includes the governments of Belarus, Czech Republic, Norway, Slovak Republic and Ukraine, the Council of Europe Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Investment Bank, the Nordic Environment Finance Corporation, the Nordic Investment Bank, the World Bank and the International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission. A range of non-governmental organisations also takes part in the activities (Helcom 2004).
- Policies, laws and regulations;
- Institutional strengthening and human resource development;
- Investment activities addressing point and non-point source pollution;
- Management programmes for coastal lagoons and wetlands;
- Applied research; and
- Public awareness and environmental education.
For full information link to: http://www.helcom.fi/Projects/jep/en_GB/pitf/
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http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/programmes/independent/baltic/instruments/default.asp
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en
| 0.86612 | 457 | 3 | 3 |
Measurement gives a
number to a particular
characteristics of a
person, an object or a
are made, they are
It is the study of the
standard units of
measure and the skillful
use of measuring
THE ENGLISH SYSTEM
Used by Great Britain and its colonies
There are several systems of units, each
containing units for properties such as length,
volume, weight, and time. In the English
system the units are defined in an arbitrary
The metric system is widely used in the
world. Industries, for example, that
import or export a great deal of goods
use the metric system, especially if the
countries they do business with also use
the metric system.To be specific, we
have companies that sell soft drink
bottles in liters, chocolate bars in
grams, clothing in meters, etc.
The metric system of weights and
measures is based on decimals and
powers of 10.
Unit of measure For:
The idea of measurement dates
back to the ancient civilizations
of Egypt, Babylonia and China.
Through trade and conquest,
systems of measurements
spread to other parts
of the world.
forefathers made use of
their body parts to
measure lengths and
Measurement arose from the early man’s
need to count objects and to find lengths
and distances.The earliest units used are
parts of the human body: the finger, the
hand, the cubit, the foot and the step.
Through trade and commerce, forms of
measurement spread to other parts of
Measurement gives a base to
understand the universe.
All around us we are surrounded by
various things.We might not note it but
unconsciously we are actually
"measuring" things and understanding
them one way or the other.
Just imagine how a world would be
without being able to measure anything.
We are surrounded by Measurement.
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<urn:uuid:a5f1e111-b9bf-4cb7-a1e7-b702de46288f>
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CC-MAIN-2016-40
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http://www.slideshare.net/dan0530/measurement-5775426
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en
| 0.88042 | 419 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Lentis/Driving while Texting
Driving while texting is the act of composing, reading, or sending a text message, email, or other related internet communication on a cell phone, while also operating a motor vehicle, such as an automobile, truck, bus, or train. The scope of this chapter deals strictly with driving while texting in the United States.
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Facts and Statistics
- 3 Noteworthy Incidents
- 4 Laws and Legislation
- 5 Opposition to Laws
- 6 Why do people do it?
- 7 Technical Solutions
- 8 Social Groups
- 9 Discussion and the future of this chapter
- 10 References
In today's world of instant access to information, we don't want to settle for anything less when it comes to connecting with our loved ones. Instant Messaging, texting, and emails are a few popular ways to do so. However, this harmless motive can become highly dangerous when it is done irresponsibly. The title of an article in Huffington Post dated March 1, 2010, Driving While Texting: More Likely to Cause Crash Than DUI, illustrates this problem.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) conducted a survey in 2008 which revealed an increase in the use of electronic devices while driving. Another 2008 Nationwide survey by NHTSA reported an increase in the percentage of young drivers texting or using hand-held electronic devices from 2007. This means that an increasing population of drivers is not only posing a life-threatening risk to themselves, but also to their fellow innocent drivers on the road.
With the rapid advancement and growth of technology, people now have access to numerous gadgets and hand-held devices at all times. This has resulted in an obsession to stay connected, especially within the younger generation. What is lacking is the responsibility that comes with the use of such devices. LG has teamed up with actress Jane Lynch to produce a humorous campaign to education the public about the dangers of texting while driving.
Facts and Statistics
The facts and statistics show that driving while texting is extremely dangerous to the driver, pedestrians near the vehicle, and other drivers on the road.
Types of Distractions
- Visual - taking your eyes off the wheel
- Manual - taking your hands off the wheel
- Cognitive - taking your mind off what you're doing.
Texting and driving involves all three of the above distractions, and is therefore one of the most dangerous forms of distracted driving.
- According to experiments performed by Monash University in 2006, "When text messaging, drivers’ ability to maintain their lateral position on the road and to detect and respond appropriately to traffic signs was significantly reduced. In addition, drivers spent up to 400 percent more time with their eyes off the road when text messaging, than when not text messaging."
- According to the same Monash University study, the number of incorrect lane changes increased by 140 percent when sending and receiving text messages, with the majority of these incorrect lane changes due to the drivers' inattention to signs.
- In 2008, approximately 21 percent of injury crashes and 5,870 people lost their lives due to distracted driving.
- In 2008, the University of Utah conducted a survey which showed that 48 percent of 1,500 drivers believe that using cell phones while driving is the most dangerous distraction on the street.
- A survey published by the New York Times on July 18, 2009 shows that drivers have on average a 0.24-second slower reaction while they are texting.
- A Nationwide survey conducted in July of 2010 states that nearly 40 percent of Americans say they have been hit or nearly hit by a distracted driver using their cell phone.
- In an examination of driver distraction by NHTSA, it was found that the age group with the greatest proportion of distracted drivers was the under-20 age group, where 16% of all under-20 drivers in fatal crashes were reported to have been distracted while driving.
Car and Driver Experiment
Car and Driver did a recent experiment where they compared the effects of drunk driving and texting while under real road conditions. They took 2 drivers, Eddie Alterman, a Car and Driver editor, and Jordan Brown, a Car and Driver web intern, and first had them drive at 35mph and 70mph to establish baseline readings. They then had to read and send text messages at 35 and 70 mph. After this, they took a break and had several alcoholic cocktails to bring their BAC’s to 0.088, just over the legal limit.
The results turned out to be significant. Both drivers' reaction distance, which is the distance it takes to stop after they see a red light, increased significantly when they were both reading and sending texts. Alterman's results were much worse than his baseline readings. While reading a text and driving at 35 mph, his average baseline reaction time of 0.57 second nearly tripled, to 1.44 seconds. While texting, his response time was 1.36 seconds. These figures correspond to an extra 45 and 41 feet, before hitting the brakes. Texting turned out to be at least twice as dangerous as driving drunk. One of the experimenters said, “While you’re texting and driving, time disappears. You’re concentrating so hard on reading and texting that you completely ignore what’s happening around you.”
The Chatsworth Train Crash
On 12th September, 2008, at approximately 4:22 pm in Chatsworth, California, a Metrolink commuter train skipped a red light and collided with a freight locomotive that was coming from the opposite direction on the same tracks. The Chatsworth Train Collision resulted in the death of 25 people and 135 passengers were injured. It was found that Robert Martin Sanchez, 46, missed the red light because he was texting on his phone. Sanchez was also killed in the crash.
On November 25, 2008 Erica Forney, was riding her bike home from school, a corner away from her house, when she was hit head on by an SUV. The driver, Michelle Smith, admitted to using her cell phone while driving, and said that she was so sorry and she didn’t see Erica there. Michelle Smith wrote a letter of apology to the family. Erica was rushed to the hospital and airlifted to another facility, but she died on that Thanksgiving. Shelly and Daren Forney, the parents, are spreading awareness and advocate that drivers, "Get off the phone. Save a life. Don't talk and drive."
Heather Leigh Hurd
One January 3rd, 2008 Heather Leigh Hurd, a Walt Disney World employee, was en route to a meeting with a wedding planner and her parents in Florida, when a tractor-trailer crashed into her car while she was waiting at a stop light. The crash killed Heather Hurd and severely injured her finance, who was in the passenger seat. The driver later admitted to having been texting at the time of the accident. After this accident, Heather's father, Russell Hurd became an advocate for texting-while-driving laws which became known as "Heather's Laws" in several states such as Florida and Maryland.
Laws and Legislation
Currently, 30 states outlaw texting while driving, with 11 of these laws being enacted in 2010 alone. Of these 30 states, 26 have primary enforcement, while in the other 4, texting is a secondary offense. There are currently 8 states that have banned handheld cell phone use for all drivers.
In December of 2009, a federal law went into effect that banned text messaging while driving for all federal employees. In January of the following year, the Federal Government enacted a ban on text messaging for all drivers of commercial trucks and buses. There is currently legislation being considering that would cause states to lose federal highway funds if they fail to enact texting-while-driving legislation.
Opposition to Laws
There has been much opposition to texting while driving laws from various groups. Much of this opposition stems from a controversial study from the Highway Data Loss Institute (HDLI), examining the effectiveness of texting-while-driving laws in several states. HDLI researchers monitored monthly collision claims per 100 insured vehicle years during the months immediately before and after these laws were introduced in several regions. The institute then collected information for nearby jurisdictions without the bans. The study showed that month-to-month fluctuations in claims were not changed by the introduction of these bans and did not change even in comparison with nearby states.
There has also been opposition to distracted driving laws from the Consumer Electronics Association, which represents various electronic devices such as Global Positioning System (GPS) Navigation systems, hands-free calling systems and bluetooth headsets, all of which they fear could become a target of future distracted driving laws. The CEA offers its positions on driver safety on its website. The organization contends that distracted driving legislation should focus on unsafe driver behavior rather than specific technologies. They also believe that many electronic devices in cars serve to increase driver safety, and the benefits of those should be considered.
Why do people do it?
Texting while driving has been made illegal and proven to be more dangerous than drunk driving. Moreover, thousands of lives are lost every year because of this form of distracted driving. However, these results have not deterred drivers from participating in this act. Due to the innumerable forms of communication available today, from mobile phones to social networking sites, society feels the need to keep up with all of them. Some of the sociology behind texting can be explained in Sociology of Texting. Americans are suffering from technology overload and check their devices no matter the multitasking they must go through in order to do so. Cell phone use has become so common that in 2010, 91 percent of Americans use a cell phone, a 5 percent increase from 2009. Due to its commonality, Americans feel they can use their cell phones whenever they want, even while driving.
Who is in favor of driving while texting?
- In an online survey conducted by Seventeen Magazine and automobile club AAA for teens ages 16-19 years the teens gave the following reasons for engaging in texting while driving.
- According to a Nationwide survey it was found that 10 percent of drivers aged 16 to 24 years old are on their phone at any one time.
- "It's easy. You just got to be smart with it." -— Gadsden City High
- "I feel texting and driving is OK at speeds less than 45 mph." —- Gadsden City High
- "I text while I drive but only when I am stopped at a stop light or sign, not while moving. Others should do the same or learn where the letters are on their phone so they can look at the road but can still text." —- Gadsden City High
- "It's hard to fight the urge when you get a message on your phone when you're driving. It's hard not to text back." -- Brandon, a teenager from Austin, Texas.
- "I believe people believe they can do it all, drive and text, but they don't realize it can only take a second for your hands and eyes to leave the wheel and then there you go." -- Terrie Harris (parent).
This application is designed for the iPhone users to prevent them from texting while driving.
From the developers: "True SMS - Life Saver is a step forward in letting you drive and not text. When a text comes in you can simply make a quick stop (or hand the phone to someone else) touch to pick a pre-defined answer and send, then off you go in seconds again. Please do so during a quick stop!"
This is an application that disables texting while driving and is desgined for the Android platform. This application is designed for parents to install on their children's cellphone to prevent them from texting behind the wheel. If the user tries to remove this application from their phone, it notifies parents of this activity.
Key2SafeDriving places the driver's phone in "Safe Driving Mode" while the car is running. This prevents the user from texting or making calls while driving. However, the driver can call 911 and two other emergency numbers selected at the time of installation.
Key2SafeDriving has two components:
- A device that is plugged into the car and is activated when the car is running.
- A software that must be installed on the driver's cell phone.
There are many social groups that are trying to increase awareness about the dangers and deadly consequences of texting while driving.
Their mission is to "...raise awareness of the dangers of texting while driving and to prevent harmful injury or death caused by the act of texting recklessly." They have a section called Share Your Story where people can share stories about tragic incidents of texting while driving to which they lost their loved ones. They hope that those who still text while driving learn a lesson from others' mistakes. There is also a section named Take The Oath where one can take the oath to never text and drive.
Oprah's No Phone Zone Campaign
Oprah Winfrey has been striving to discourage people from texting and driving. Her website features various tragic stories of innocent lives lost due to someone's irresponsible behavior. She is promoting a No Phone Zone Pledge where one can pledge to make their car a No Phone Zone. Currently, there are a total of 408247 pledge submissions. Oprah also devoted an entire episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show to the dangers of texting while driving. This episode also included stories about families who lost their loved ones and interviews with people who survived car crashes. National organizations including U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Governors Highway Safety Association, are supporting Oprah's "No Phone Zone Day".
Facebook Groups & Pages
The following Facebook pages and groups represent the perspectives of various social groups that are for and against texting while driving.
For Texting while Driving
- "Texting while driving... I like to live dangerously!" is a Facebook page that is liked by 409 people. The title itself suggests that some people like the thrill of danger involved in texting while driving.
- "Texting yourself song lyrics while driving so you can download them later" is liked by 908 people and suggests yet another reason why people text while driving.
- "No, I'm Not Texting While Driving... I'm Facebooking." This page is liked by 144 people.
Against Texting while Driving
- "No Texting While Driving!" is liked by 27,184 people.
- "Teens Against Texting While Driving" is liked by 1,298 people.
Discussion and the future of this chapter
In this chapter, we have tried to highlight the prevalence of texting while driving today, despite the dangers, and presented the perspectives of various social groups.
Anyone who is interested in adding to this chapter may update the statistics related to texting while driving. It has been found that people do not just text while driving but also check their email, browse through social networking websites like Facebook, and/or lookup something on Google. Future authors can investigate what kind of such activities people indulge in the most when using their cell phone while driving. Also, it would be interesting to note the age groups that participate in these activities despite the dangers and laws, and why they do so. Since this chapter specifically the United States, International laws and practices on the matter could serve as a comparison.
- Texting while Driving.
- Distraction.gov, Statistics and Facts from Distraction.gov - a U.S. Department of Transportation Website.
- Monash University Study, The Effects of Text Messaging on Young Novice Driver Performance.
- NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts, An Examination of Driver Distraction as Recorded in NHTSA Databases.
- Texting while driving? Police will get you, Article from Jakarta Post.
- Nationwide Technology Survey, Driving while Distracted Research Results.
- Car and Driver, Car and Driver website with featured experiment video.
- Chatsworth Accident from reuters.com, Train engineer was texting just before California crash: By Reuters.
- Oprah's End Distracted Driving, Oprah's Website which features a story about Erica Forney.
- Heather's Law, Article about Russell Hurd from The Ledger.
- Governors Highway Safety Administration, State Law Information.
- Federal Texting-While-Driving Ban, Information about new federal legislation regarding texting-while-driving.
- Highway Data Loss Institute, News Release.
- Consumer Electronics Association, Position on Driver Safety.
- Newsmax.com, Americans Experiencing Technology Overload.
- ARS Technica, Wireless Survey: 91% of Americans use cell phones.
- Bans on texting while driving, An article from USAToday.
- Students' opinions on texting while driving vary, An article from The Gadsden Times.
- Teens, parents learn the dangers of texting while driving, A news article from news8austin.com.
- Teens, Parents Put To Texting While Driving Test An article from wapt.com
- Key2SafeDriving FAQ, Key2SafeDriving Frequently Asked Questions page.
- TxtResponsibly.org, Their website which includes related stories and an Oath.
- Oprah’s No Phone Zone Pledge, Oprah’s No Phone Zone Pledge and statistics, including the total pledge submissions.
- Oprah’s No Phone Zone Day, NYTimes article about Oprah's No Phone Zone Campaign
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- Uni-Royal Fellow, University of Rochester, 1969-71
- National Institutes of Health, Postdoctoral Fellow, Columbia University, 1973-75
- Alfred P. Sloan Fellow, 1977
- Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, 1979
- Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, 1979
- John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, 1985
- Mead Imaging Presidents Award, 1987
- Paul Flory - IBM Fellowship, 1990
- American Chemical Society A. C. Cope Scholar Award, 1993
- Fellow – American Association Advancement of Science, 2002
- American Chemical Society... (read more)
Oxidative Damage to DNA. The loss of an electron (oxidation) of duplex DNA results in the formation of a nucleobase radical cation (electron “hole”) that is subsequently consumed in chemical reactions that often lead to mutations. We have found that nucleobase damage need not occur at the site of the initial oxidation. Radical cations in DNA can migrate long distances (hundreds of Å) by a reversible hopping process before being trapped irreversibly by reaction with H2O and O2. A defining characteristic of this process is the preferential reaction at guanine. We showed that the reactions of nucleobase radical cations in DNA are determined by the specific sequence of bases that comprise the oligonucleotides. In particular, we observe that under certain circumstances oxidative reactions occurs at thymines despite the fact that it has a high oxidation potential. The consequences and mechanism of this reaction are under active investigation.
Conjoined DNA – Conducting Polymers. The creation of nanometer-sized molecular electronic devices requires the development of molecular nanowires that can effectively transport charge between functional components. The creation of such devices would be greatly facilitated if the nanowires were capable of self-directed connection enabling the efficient and scalable assembly of circuits. It has been widely recognized that the self-recognition and self-organizing properties of DNA may provide a means for the preparation of such self-directed nanowires and related structures. However, because of its inherent low conductivity, DNA itself is not useful for this purpose. Remarkable progress has been made in recent years on various schemes to modify DNA to take advantage of its unique properties for application to molecular electronics. We are pursuing the preparation of conducting nanowires from DNA oligomers that have covalently linked monomers that are subsequently converted chemically or electrochemically to conjoined DNA-conducting polymers of precisely defined length and composition.
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India is the world’s second largest country with around 1.3 billion people calling the beautiful country home. It consists of 28 states, each of which has its own official language. According to Mother Nature Network, the official national languages of India are Hindi and English, though most residents speak at least three languages. These languages are Hindi, English and their state-specific dialect, and many people speak even more dialects if they move or have family located in different states. They may not be fluent in each language, but they have at least a working knowledge of several languages.
According to Fox News, India’s economy is the 10th largest in the world and third largest in terms of purchasing power. India is also the second fastest growing economy in the world, after China, earning the title after opening up to world trade and foreign investment in the early 1990s. Many industries make up this booming economy, including agriculture, services, manufacturing, mining, software/IT development and pharmaceuticals. India’s major exports include petroleum, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, gemstones, jewelry, textiles and iron.
With a growing economy and increased international trade, American companies need to be prepared to communicate with Indian companies in every language spoken. There are 22 official languages as recognized by country officials, but there are actually 31 languages spoken throughout the country. By communicating in each of the languages spoken by your Indian business partners, you show respect for their culture and ensure that there is a complete understanding of the business at hand.
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|photo credit: Scott Kinmartin via photopin cc|
Most of us have seen the Jurassic park Movies; Do you remember the scene in the first film when the dinosaurs are introduced for the first time? It is a very powerful scene… they are in the jeep and sudden the rear view mirror starts to shake and the water in some drinking cups, sitting in cup holders, starts to vibrate and form circular wave patterns. I think it is an excellent scene… building up the idea of something big approaching using very simple visual effects. These effects were not simple to achieve however, it seems the special effects department were baffled as to just how to get the exact ripple patterns in the water that they required.
Eventually inspiration struck as Michael Lantieri (special effects department) sat at home strumming a guitar and suddenly noticed the effect the sound was having on a glass of water… it was his Eureka moment. Next day he took the idea to work and finally they nailed it! They got the water patterns they desired by placing guitar strings under the dashboard and getting someone to pluck the correct string!
Check out the story in this YouTube clip.
This is a really easy experiment to try at home or in your school… all you need is a guitar, a plastic cup and some water. Place the guitar on a flat surface, half fill the plastic cup with water and sit it on the body of the guitar (i.e. the wider flat part at the base, not directly on the strings) and start plucking away. With a little bit of experimentation you see ripple patterns form in the water as you pluck the strings.
Move the cup around a little to see if you can get different effects, or try with more or less water in the cup. Do you find lower or higher sounds give a better result? Does plucking of one particular string work best or how does it compare to plucking them all together?
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Koine Greek: Comparison
|Comparison in Koine Greek|
|SERMONS, ESSAYS AND OPINIONS||
Comparison is a grammatical term that describes adjectives or adverbs that give a comparative quality to a noun (usually by comparing it with another noun)
There are three degrees of comparison
- Absolute degree (the usual use of an adjective such as αγαθος ανθρωπος - a good man)
- Comparative (such as κρεισσων ανθρωπος - a better man)
- Superlative (such as the best man).
Formation of Comparative Adjectives
Comparative adjectives (e.g. higher) are formed by taking the stem of the adjective and adding οτερος (if masculine) or οτερα (if feminine) or οτερον (if neuter). This is similar to English, where er is added to the adjective (for example: high becomes higher).
There are a number of irregular comparative adjectives such as αγαθος (good) which becomes κρεισσων (better). This is similar to English, where good becomes better.
Formation of Superlative Adjectives
Superlative adjectives (e.g. highest) are formed by taking the stem of the adjective and adding ατοτος (if masculine) or ατοτη (if feminine) or ατοτον (if neuter). This is similar to English, where est is added to the adjective (for example: high becomes highest).
There are a number of irregular superlative adjectives.
The noun being compared to
Comparatives are usually used to compare one noun with a second noun. In English, the word "than" is used in these sentences prior to the second noun (for example: "he is shorter than a tree"). In Greek, there are two ways to indicate the noun that is the object of comparison.
- Using the Genitive Case
- Using η (with a smooth breathing)
Genitive of Comparison
A noun in the genitive case directly following a comparative adjective means that this noun is the object of comparison.
Use of ή for Comparison
The word ή means "than" (it can also mean or). The noun directly following ή (note the smooth breathing) is the object of comparison.
A comparative can be used adverbially by using the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective.
There are some exceptions to this rule.
A superlative can be used adverbially by using the neuter plural form of the superlative adjective.
Return to Koine Greek
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In the early 1970s, the development of a new highly effective radar, the Daryal type, was commenced by the Mints Radiotechnical Institute (RTI) under the supervision of A. Mints and V. Ivantsov. The main distinguishing features of this radar are an extremely high radiated power, use of a phased array for both reception and transmission, and digital processing of signals. The transmitter antenna of the radar had dimensions of 30 x 40 meters. The antenna included many centrally controlled transmitters within it. The receiving antenna had dimensions of 80 x 80 meters. The radar worked in the meter bandwidth.
There were nine stations of this type in the former Soviet Union. The reduced version of the receiving station was successfully tested in the trans-polar area near Pechora. In 1984-1985, the nodes with the Daryal radars were placed on combat duty in the north (Olenegorsk) and in Azerbaijan (Mingechaur). In the mid-1980s, building of new Daryal-U and Volga radars began at the Dnepr radar positions in Latvia (Skrunda), Belarus (Baranovichi), Ukraine (Mukachevo), Kazakhstan (Balkhash), and Siberia (Irkutsk). Western press reports in December 1988 claiming that one of two new radars identified by Western intelligence was located in Sevastopol / Nikolaeyev were in error, confusing the new Pechora radars with the existing HEN HOUSE at Nikolaev.
The first station of this type was commissioned in the Komi Republic (near Pechora) in 1984. A year later Daryal station in Mingechaur (Azerbaijan) joined the system. Later an upgraded Daryal-U was built near Irkutsk. A similar system was being built near Balkhash Lake [some sources suggest that a prototype Pechora radar was constructed at Sary Shagan from 1977 to 1982]. The improved Daryal-UM in Mukachevo and Skrunda were not put into operation. Construction of the first station was suspended, and the unfinished building of the second was destroyed in accordance with the Russian-Latvian agreement.
The Daryal-UM station in Yeniseysk-15 could have filled the gap in the integrated radar field in the north-east. Construction of the new Yeniseysk-15 radar node started at Yeniseysk near Krasnoyarsk for the creation of an uninterrupted radar field on the external border of the USSR in the northeastern missile danger zones. The building of a new radar near Yeniseysk infringed on the ABM treaty, and was subsequently halted.
Building a structure such as this radar requires a stable subsoil that is unavailable east of Krasnoyarsk. The heat generated by the radar would melt the upper levels of permafrost, rendering the foundations unstable. The Krasnoyarsk site marks the eastern boundary of continuous [year-round] permafrost with a thickness greater than three hundred meters. The Bering Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk coastal areas have discontinuous permafrost, while further inland a belt of continuous permafrost has a depth of less than three hundred meters. Former air force general Boris T. Surikov claimed that the radar at Krasnoyarsk was originally planned to be sited at Noril'sk, inland from the Arctic Ocean, but less further inland than the Pechora LPAR. The cost of building on the permafrost, however, was estimated to be around a billion rubles (1979). By moving outside the permafrost zone, costs were reduced to around 350 million rubles. A site further north would have been remote from the rail transport infrastructure that was associated with the construction of previous LPARs at Pechora, Lyaki, Olenogorsk, Sary Shagan, and Mishelevka.
In 1988, when the Reagan administration complained that a large, phased-array radar located near Krasnoyarsk (Siberia) violated the 1972 US-Soviet ABM Treaty, the Soviet military denied the US charge, falsely claiming that the radar's sole purpose was to track artificial Earth satellites and other space objects. Shevardnadze's 1989 decision to admit the truth made him an enemy of the military establishment, which considered the decision to dismantle the radar as capitulation to the United States and a threat to Soviet security.
In accordance with the intergovernmental agreement, the obsolete Dnestr-M radar in Skrunda worked until 1998, and then it had to be dismantled within 18 months. The new Daryal radar built nearby was blown up on 04 May 1995.
Russian authorities hoped to complete the unfinished radar in Belarus to compensate for the loss in Latvia, but the prospects were initially uncertain. Most sources agree that the radar at Baranovichi (Baranovicha) in Belarus is designated "Volga" -- with some sources claiming it is "a fundamentally new type over-the-horizon detection station" while other sources suggest it is a standard Daryal and that the Volga nomenclature is simply the code name for this particular project. In August 1999 it was announced that Russia would refurbish this radar and put it back in service in 2000. Although it was initially announced that the radar would become operational by the end of 2000, tests continued in fall 2001, when it was anticipated that the station would be put into operation by the end of the year.
In September 1999, the Clinton administration offered to help Russia complete a key radar site and to share American early warning data, if Russia agreed to renegotiate the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty so the US could build a National Missile Defense. Under the proposal, the United States would provide tens of millions of dollars to complete the partially constructed radar at Mishelevka, 60 miles northwest of Irkutsk, which is oriented eastward, covering northern Asia, including North Korea and the Arctic. Another possibility involved helping Russia regain use of the radar in Lyaki, Azerbaijan. Under the American plan, the Lyaki station might be jointly manned with the Russians, though the proposal had not been negotiated with the Government of Azerbaijan.
In January 2001, Ukraine's Supreme Rada ratified the agreement between the Ukrainian and Russian governments of the systems of warning about missile attack and outer space control. This document underlies the general principles of using missile attack warning systems and means of exercising control in outer space in Ukraine and Russia. It also sets the order of operation of technological centers in Mukachevo and Sevastopol and of provision of funds for their development and modernization. Ukraine keeps its radar sets in permanent readiness and constantly sends information about missile and space situation from the Mukachevo [Pechora] and Sevastopol [Nikolaeyev HEN HOUSE] centers to the command post, the document said. Russia also transmits information to Ukraine from its own command post overseeing the operation of missile attack warning systems and means of outer space control in the territory of Russia. It also provides regular reports on space situation and space facilities. The ratification was supported by 262 to 4 votes of 357 deputies registered in the session hall.
Sources and Methods
- 50 YEARS OF THE MINTS RADIOTECHNICAL INSTITUTE Victor Sloka Military Parade July-August 1996
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Thomas Jefferson's Nightmaretags: slavery, Civil War, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Fleming, Haiti
Incendie de la Plaine du Cap. - Massacre des Blancs par les Noirs, 1833.
This article is adapted from Thomas Fleming’s new book, A Disease In the Public Mind – A New Understanding of Why We Fought the Civil War. Part two of a three-part series (read part one here).
In 1800, Thomas Jefferson was elected the third president of the United States. One of the new chief executive’s first visitors was Louis Andre Pichon, the affable young charge d’affaires of the new French republic that had emerged from their bloody revolution. Jefferson greeted him warmly as the spokesman for a country that had long stirred his deepest political emotions.
Pichon asked what the president would do or say if Paris sent an army to the rebellious island of Saint Domingue to restore it to French control. For over a century France had owned a third of the Caribbean island. The Spanish, who owned the larger slice, called it Santo Domingo -- the name that most Americans used. The French section's sugar, coffee and indigo plantations had made it France's most valuable overseas possession until the 1789 revolution in Paris freed the island’s 500,000 slaves and triggered a civil war that wrecked its economy.
Out of the chaos had emerged a gifted black leader, Toussaint Louverture, who was struggling to restore order and prosperity for both whites and recently freed blacks.
Jefferson’s reply exceeded Pichon’s most sanguine hopes. The new president urged Pichon to tell his government that America was eager to help restore French rule in Saint Domingue. He was pleased that France wanted to send an army to crush the black rebels. "Nothing would be easier than [for us] to furnish your army and fleet with everything and to reduce Toussaint to starvation," Jefferson said.
Soon a 20,000-man French army landed in Santo Domingo and a murderous struggle exploded between them and Toussaint’s supporters. The French captured Toussaint and shipped him back to France to die in a dungeon. Then a tiny buzzing creature, aedes egypti, the female mosquito whose bite inflicted yellow fever, began destroying the French army. After eighteen months of vicious no-quarter warfare, a ragged remnant of the once proud force retreated to ships offshore. A disgusted Napoleon abandoned his dream to reestablish the French empire in the New World.
A very angry black man, General Jean-Jacques Dessalines, marched his army across the island. He killed every French white man, woman and child, and declared himself leader of a new country, Haiti.
Dessaline’s bloody rampage was Thomas Jefferson’s nightmare -- a race war, The appalled president persuaded Congress to pass a resolution, refusing to recognize Haiti’s independence -- and barring all political contact with the new nation. But reports of the extermination of Haiti’s white population permeated the public mind of the American South.
For decades, on almost every road in every county below the Mason-Dixon Line, armed patrols, drafted from the militia, rode from midnight until dawn. They challenged every black man or woman they met, demanding to know where they were going and why. If they could not produce a letter proving they were on a legitimate errand, the patrol had the right to give them a dozen lashes. The goal was to prevent secret meetings between slaves from various plantations, possibly plotting a revolt. This was proof of how deeply the dread of a race war had permeated all levels of the white South’s society.
When Northerners, imbued with the conviction that slavery was a sin, called on the South to free all their slaves immediately, the Southerners reacted with rage and unspoken fear. In newspapers and pamphlets, they accused the abolitionists of wanting to inflict “another Santo Domingo” on them. The phrase recurred again and again, over the decades.
During these years, over 250,000 Southern blacks won their freedom. They never showed the slightest tendency to commit mass violence. On the contrary many of them prospered, mastering skilled trades such as blacksmithing and carpentering. Other black men acquired skills even though they remained slaves. One man became head of the biggest iron works in the nation.
There were a handful of slave revolts, inspired by the example of Haiti. But they were small and quickly suppressed. Often fellow blacks, loyal to kind masters, betrayed the rebels. Yet the fear of a slave revolt persisted. It had become a disease in the Southern public mind.
A climax came when the fanatic abolitionist, John Brown, raided Harpers Ferry, hoping to equip a slave army with the 100,000 rifles in the federal armory that was the town‘s chief employer. After Brown’s defeat and capture, federal troops found in his headquarters maps of the South, detailing the counties in which blacks outnumbered whites. With these maps were letters from wealthy Northern backers, approving his plans.
A minister in New Orleans preached a ferocious sermon, accusing Brown’s backers of hoping to inflict -- by now you can no doubt guess the words -- “another Santo Domingo” on the entire South. The speech was reprinted as a pamphlet and sold over 100,000 copies. Newspaper after newspaper repeated the cry in blazing editorials. The seeds of secession were beginning to flower.
By the summer of 1861, a Southern army awaited battle with a Union army in Virginia. The commander of the Southern army, General Pierre Beauregard, issued a statement hoping to rally soldiers and civilians. “A reckless and unprincipled tyrant has invaded your soil. Abraham Lincoln, regardless of all moral, legal and constitutional restraints, has thrown his Abolition hosts among you... All rules of civilized warfare are abandoned... Your honor and that of your wives and daughters are involved in this momentous contest.”
Here was Thomas Jefferson’s nightmare as a Confederate war cry.
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Florida state and county departments spend literally millions of dollars each and every year doing their best to stop the spread of non-native invasive plants in parks and natural areas. But some of their work goes for naught when unknowing home gardeners decide to propagate or encourage many of these plant species in local gardens and landscapes.
Being new to South Florida just a few years ago, I did not realize there was such a thing as invading or destructive plants, and I ignorantly encouraged the growth of a few nasty non-natives. Many of these plants grow very quickly thanks to Florida’s ample rainfall and temperate climate. They spread by seed, easily adapt to a wide range of soil conditions, have no natural enemies and rapidly out-compete and displace many of Florida’s native and often endangered plants, animals, and ecosystems.
In addition to state and regional authorities, another organization that stands strongly behind the movement to eradicate exotic species in deference to Florida friendly landscapes is the Florida Native Plant Society. This non-profit group is dedicated to “preserving, conserving and restoring the Real Florida,” and has many local chapters throughout Florida. They are active throughout Florida’s communities and are represented at many community events where they provide workshops and educational presentations. I recommend you get information from this knowledgeable group if you have a true interest in South Florida gardening.
As a Florida hobby gardener you can also help to reverse the strangle hold that invasive plants have on our wildlife habitats by doing your best to recognize and remove these plans, and by replacing them with Florida friendly and Florida native vegetation. Here are some that you should learn to identify, weed and banish from your garden. I’ve linked each plant to a site provided by the University of Florida Center For Aquatic and Invasive Plants. Review the pictures and descriptions, so you can learn to visually identify these noxious weeds:
• Australian Pines (Casuarinas spp.) – Australian pine trees, native to Australia and Asia, were introduced before the 1920s. The biggest problem for Florida happens along the coastal areas, where the native vegetation quickly loses ground to this fast growing tree, which can grow to a very dense and over 100 feet high. The tree’s litter is quite dense and falls into a thick mat beneath the tree. The heavy shade and ground cover impedes the propagation of indigenous plants and wildlife. The tree’s root system competes with the sea turtles ability to lay eggs since it creeps into the coastal sand. In hurricane and other high wind conditions, this shallow-rooted tree topples over easily and creates major post-storm issues, including increased erosion. It is estimated that Australian Pines cover over 300,000 acres in South Florida.
• Brazilian Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) – Widely known as a popular ornamental tree in South America, this tree has been bad news for South Florida since it was introduced to the United States in the 1840s. The experts estimate that this aggressive growing tree covers close to a million acres in Florida. What makes the Brazilian Pepper so insidious is its ability to form hidden strands beneath the soil so it will take over a large area wherever planted, form basal shoots or “suckers” if cut down, is resistant to brush fires, especially when growing in dense clumps, and its seeds are quickly spread by birds and ants. This tree is in the Sumac family, so skin contact can cause rashes and irritations, similar to poison ivy. The only benefit to Florida is for beekeepers. The Brazilian Pepper bloom occurs in late summer to fall in Florida, and it is the last substantial nectar flow until springtime.
• Earleaf Acacia (earleaf acacia) – The Earleaf Acacia has become a problem for much of South Florida native habitats, and is prohibited in Martin and Palm Beach Counties. This non-native evergreen tree was brought to Florida from Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia in the early 1930s , before the residential land development boom. This tree flowers very prettily, but grows too quickly and spreads very rapidly thanks to its multitude of curly seed pods, often overwhelming native vegetation and shading rare native plants that depend on the Florida sunshine. In addition, this tree is not hurricane tolerant. Its limbs will break easily in storms, thus creating substantial property damage.
• Kudzu (Pueraria montana)– This Japanese ornamental vine was first introduced at the 1876 Central Exposition in Philadelphia, PA. The US Soil Conservation Service promoted Kudzu to American farmers to help with soil erosion. The purple flower spikes are very attractive, and the blossoms are said to smell like grape Kool-Aid. Kudzu is in the bean family, and produces a flat multi-seeded legume that splits and easily reseeds and spreads. This fast growing, high climbing vine has literally blanketed entire forests, killing everything in the process. Kudzu can grow so dense that light cannot penetrate it, and the underlying vegetation is completely shaded and eventually dies. Originally endorsed by the federal government, this plant is now on listed as an invasive species by the USDA.
• Melaleuca (Melaleuca qinqenervia) – Many people are familiar with the healthful and healing properties of Melaleuca oil (also called Tea Tree Oil). However, this tree has literally threatened the health and wellness of the Florida Everglades, and many other Florida aquatic areas. It is said that large grassy swamp areas are now forests of Melaleuca trees. This plants ability to rapidly invade native habitat can be easily explained – one tree produces up to 20 million seeds per year! Also called Paper Bark Tree, the Melaleuca was imported from Australia, Malaysia and New Guinea in the early 1900s and has swiftly invaded so much of Florida that state and the USDA has named this a prohibited plant species.
Regardless of nectar flow or pollen production, pleasant scent,ornamentality, soil erosion possibilities or potential tree oil health benefits, each and every one of these plants should be plucked out and destroyed and banned from South Florida landscapes. They are all good plants gone bad.
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International health news
The World Health Organisation is holding a conference this week to bring more awareness to the misuse of antibiotics. The conference will focus on educating patients on how the overuse of antibiotics can cause weak immune systems and antimicrobial resistance.
The Group of 7 (G7) Health Ministers have voiced their concerns on how environmental degradation, antimicrobial resistance and gender inequality are having an effect on healthcare services. A meeting was held last week in Milan, Italy to discuss these issues and what can be done to tackle them.
The United Kingdom and India are conducting research together to gain a better understanding of antimicrobial resistance. Their second meeting was held this week in India to discuss research plans and mutual priorities.
A lack of preventative measures in Venezuela has led to a deadly outbreak of measles. Most of the patients being treated are children under one year old. So far, 570 cases have been reported and this number is expected to rise.
A study by the Pew Research Center based in Washington, D.C. found more and more people are turning to the internet for health advice before seeing a doctor. Healthcare professionals have released advice on how to find accurate medical advice online as a lot of information can be misleading.
It is beneficial for under-5’s to take vitamin tablets despite claims being made in the past that they are unnecessary. The UK’s Department of Health recommends children should be given vitamin A, C and D supplements everyday to support growth.
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In May in Dallas-Fort Worth and across Texas, it rained and it rained. And then it rained some more.
The rainfall set records, but the flooding was deadly and destructive.
Here are seven things you should know about the May rain and floods:
1. This was the wettest May ever for Dallas-Fort Worth, the National Weather Service says. Dallas-Fort Worth recorded 16.96 inches of rain in May -- smashing the May 1982 record of 13.66 inches. Some parts of North Texas saw more than 25 inches of rain – particularly areas near the Texas-Oklahoma border. The heaviest rainfall was northeast of Gainesville, where nearly 29 inches of rain fell, the National Weather Service says. Parts of Fort Worth recorded about 15 inches, while Denton recorded nearly 12 inches.
It was the second-wettest spring in North Texas – we saw 25.05 inches of rain in March, April and May. Only the spring of 1957 was wetter (29.01 inches). It’s also the second-wettest year in North Texas so far – we’ve recorded 31.63 inches from Jan. 1-May 31. No. 1 goes to 1957, when 32.50 inches fell during the first five months of the year.
2. May 2015 was the wettest May in state history, too. There was enough rain in Texas in May to cover the entire state with nearly 8 inches of water. That’s according to the National Weather Service. Meteorologists say that’s over 35 trillion gallons. All of this rain could lead to more mosquitoes -- and more reports of West Nile virus.
— NWS Fort Worth (@NWSFortWorth) May 29, 2015
3. Say adios to the drought in Texas. For the first time since mid-2012, Texas is no longer in an “exceptional drought,” the worst of five drought categories, the U.S. Drought Monitor says. Parts of North Texas have been dry since 2011. Last Thursday, the Drought Monitor showed “abnormally dry” conditions in 18 percent of the state, mainly in several counties in the state’s midsection – between Lubbock and Fort Worth. And a few counties are classified as having “moderate drought.” More than 80 percent of the state is no longer in a drought – that’s a considerable improvement from May 2014, when just about 10 percent wasn't in a drought. Here’s a closer look at the end of the drought in Texas.
4. About 10 people remain missing from the Texas floods. At least 31 people were killed in Texas and Oklahoma in May from the storms. In Houston, bodies were found floating in bayous. Other people died while driving and trying to get to work – they got stuck in the water and drowned. In North Texas, a man's body was recovered from standing water Friday. In Mesquite, a man drowned in his truck after it was swept into a culvert. The Austin American-Statesman offers a list of those who died or missing in the Central Texas floods.
5. The storms have caused at least $27 million in damage to infrastructure across the state. That’s according to the Texas Department of Transportation. Roadways in 167 of Texas’ 254 counties have seen some storm damage. On Sunday, more than 155 roads were underwater or closed due to damage. Gov. Greg Abbott has declared a state of disaster in 70 counties. Among the North Texas counties: Collin, Denton, Ellis and Kaufman. President Barack Obama has signed a disaster declaration for Texas, which makes federal funding available to people affected by storms in Harris, Hays and Van Zandt counties.
6. In Dallas, the Trinity River has become a photo op thanks to the flooding. One said it used to be “just grass and weeds.” Now scores of people have been flocking to the river to snap pictures.
— Maj. Max Geron (@MaxDPD) May 31, 2015
7. Videographers launched their drones to shoot dramatic scenes of the flooding.
The forecast calls for sun – and more sun. In North Texas, the sun will be out all week long. We’ll see highs in the low to mid 80s all week. We could reach the low 90s Friday and Saturday.
This report includes material from KERA’s Courtney Collins and The Associated Press.
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Letter vitamins are the A?B?Cs of good health ? for optimal health and wellbeing your body needs a balanced diet rich with vitamins and minerals. For most busy people that isn't always possible to achieve, which is why vitamins and dietary supplements can be a helpful solution. While it's often said an apple a day keeps the doctor away, Vitamin C is an important and powerful antioxidant; choose from Vitamin C tablets, Vitamin C packets, Vitamin C capsules, softgels, drink mixes and more. Enjoy beneficial and delicious nutrient?rich vitamin drinks loaded with antioxidants to support your immune system. Got milk? If you're not keen on milk, and even if you are, getting enough Vitamin D can be difficult; the addition of Vitamin D tablets or softgels or chewables to your vitamin regimen can help to support strong and healthy teeth and bones and aid in the absorption of calcium. Vitamin D also supports neuromuscular and immune health. Be well.
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Half Time Age 5 to 11 Challenge Level: What questions would you like to ask? Ram divided 15 pennies among four small bags. Heads and Feet Age 5 to 7 Challenge Level: Buzzy Bee Age 5 to 7 Challenge Level: What numbers of total spots can you make? This group activity will encourage you to share calculation strategies and to think about which strategy might be the most efficient.
Shut the Box Age 5 to 7 Challenge Level: Use the cards to gather all the information you need. In this calculation, the box represents a missing digit. Cuisenaire Counting Age 5 to 7 Challenge Level: Crossed Ends Age 11 to 14 Challenge Level:
These activities lend themselves to being tackled in this way. Four bags contain a large number of 1s, 3s, 5s and 7s.
This investigates one particular property of number by looking closely at an example of adding two odd numbers together.
Button-up Age 5 to 7 Challenge Level: In this square, look at the green square which contains the numbers 2, 3, 12 and Arrange three 1s, three 2s and three 3s in this square so that every row, column and diagonal adds to the same total. Can you choose sets of numbers to collect so that you spin six numbers belonging to your sets in as few spins as possible?
Working Systematically at KS1 :
Ahmed is making rods using different numbers of cubes. My coat has three buttons. Can you put the numbers in the V shape so that both ‘arms’ have the same total? Maths Story Time Age 3 to 5 Telling a story to provoke mathematical discussion, language and reasoning.
Can you find 2 butterflies to go on each flower so that the numbers on each pair of butterflies adds to the same number as the kd1 on the flower? Register for our mailing list. What happens with different starting numbers? What Js1 It Be?
The Puzzling Sweet Shop
What can’t you make? Age 5 to 7 Challenge Level: Age 5 to 11 Challenge Level: How many different triangles can you draw on the dotty grid which each have one dot in the middle?
Adding and Taking Away. How could he have put them into three piles so that the total in each pile was 15? Register for our mailing list.
Register addifion our mailing list.
Problem Solving :
This group activity will encourage you to share calculation strategies and to think about which strategy might be the probem efficient. What different shapes do they make if each part lies in the small squares of a 4 by 4 square? Working Backwards at KS1.
Are there any left over each time? Which rod is twice the length of his first rod?
Number Pyramids Age 11 to 14 Challenge Level: Can you use the information to find out which cards I have used? Follow the clues to find the mystery number.
Sweets are given out to party-goers in a particular way. She stopped for a rest after writing seventeen digits.
Use your logical-thinking skills to deduce how much Dan’s crisps and ice-cream cost altogether. Which way should you go to collect the most spells?
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This morning, I got an email from a BoingBoing reader, who is one of the many people worried about the damaged nuclear reactors at Fukushima, Japan. In one sentence, he managed to get right to heart of a big problem lurking behind the headlines today: "The extent of my knowledge on nuclear power plants is pretty much limited to what I've seen on The Simpsons".
For the vast majority of people, nuclear power is a black box technology. Radioactive stuff goes in. Electricity (and nuclear waste) comes out. Somewhere in there, we're aware that explosions and meltdowns can happen. Ninety-nine percent of the time, that set of information is enough to get by on. But, then, an emergency like this happens and, suddenly, keeping up-to-date on the news feels like you've walked in on the middle of a movie. Nobody pauses to catch you up on all the stuff you missed.
As I write this, it's still not clear how bad, or how big, the problems at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant will be. I don't know enough to speculate on that. I'm not sure anyone does. But I can give you a clearer picture of what's inside the black box. That way, whatever happens at Fukushima, you'll understand why it's happening, and what it means.
At a basic level, nuclear energy isn't all that different from fossil fuel energy. The process of generating electricity at a nuclear power plant is really all about making heat, just as it is at a coal-fired plant. Heat turns water to steam, steam moves turbines in the electric generator. The only difference is where the heat comes from--to get it, you can light coal on fire, or you can create a controlled nuclear fission reaction.
A fission reaction is a lot like a table filled with Jenga games, each stack of blocks standing close to another stack. Pull out the right block, and one Jenga stack will fall. As it does, it collapses into the surrounding stacks. As those stacks tumble, they crash into others. Nuclear fission works the same way--one unstable atom breaks apart, throwing off pieces of itself, which crash into nearby atoms and cause those to break apart, too.
Every time one of those atoms breaks apart, it releases a little heat. Multiply by millions of atoms, and you have enough heat to turn water into steam*.
In a Boiling Water Reactor, like the ones at Fukushima, water is pumped through the core—the central point where the actual fission reactions happen. Along the way, fission-produced heat boils the water, and the steam rises up and is captured to do the work of turning turbines.
In the Core
The core is the part that really matters today.
In the core of a nuclear reactor, you'll find fuel rods—tubes filled with elements whose atoms are unstable and prone to breaking apart and starting the Jenga-style chain reaction.
Usually, the elements used are Uranium-238 or Uranium-235. They're refined and processed into little black pellets, about the size of your thumbnail, which are poured by the thousands, into long metal tubes. Bunches of tubes--each taller than a basketball player--are grouped together into square frames. These tall, skinny columns are the fuel assemblies.
The fission reactions that happen are all about proximity. In a fuel rod, lots of uranium atoms can crash into each other as they break apart. Pack the fuel rod into an assembly, and lots more atoms can affect one another—which means the reactions can release more energy. Put several fuel assemblies into the core of a nuclear reactor, and the amount of energy released gets even higher.
Proximity is also what makes the difference between a nuclear bomb, and the controlled fission reaction in a power plant. In the bomb, the reactions happen—and the energy is released—very quickly. In the power plant, that process is slowed down by control rods. These work like putting a piece of cardboard between two Jenga towers. The first tower falls, but it hits a barrier instead of the next tower. Of all the atoms that could be split, only a few are allowed to actually do it. And, instead of an explosion, you end up with a manageable amount of heat energy, which can be used to boil water.
In Case of Emergency
Now that you understand what's going on inside a nuclear reactor, you get a good idea of what happened at Fukushima. Like the other nuclear power plants in Japan, Fukushima Daiichi got a message from the country's earthquake warning system, and shut down in advance of the quake. Basically, that means that control rods—"big metal gizmos", as Charles Forsberg, executive director of the MIT Nuclear Fuel Cycle Project, described them to me—were inserted into the fuel assemblies, cutting the fuel rods off from one another. But, because you aren't completely separating all the uranium atoms from one another, shutting down the core isn't the same thing as flipping an "off" switch.
When a reactor core is shut down, its energy output drops not to zero, but about 6% of its normal output, Forsberg told me. The reactions grind to a halt over the next few days, as the falling Jenga towers run out of other towers they can actually hit. In the meantime, atoms keep breaking apart, releasing both heat and fast-moving particles that can penetrate human skin and damage our cells. Because of this, every nuclear reactor has ways of getting rid of the heat, and blocking those fast-moving radioactive particles.
When the reactor at Fukushima shut down, it should have been kept cool by water pumped through the core. But, because the tsunami damaged the diesel-powered generators that pumped the water, the core kept heating up. If that sounds like a design flaw, you're right. The Fukushima reactors were built in the early 1970s. In modern nuclear reactor designs, pumps aren't necessary to move water through the core in an emergency shut down. Instead, the water moves via gravity.
But, in this case, no pumps meant no water movement. So the core got hotter, which boiled off some of the water. The boiling caused pressure in the core to increase. To protect the core, and prevent a bigger problem, authorities had to vent some of that steam into the atmosphere, which means venting some of the radioactive particles along with them.
This is also probably tied into the explosion that happened, according to MIT's Charles Forsberg.
"There's zirconium in the fuel rods. When you overheat the reactor core, the first thing that happens is that the zirconium begins to react with steam or water and forms zirconium oxide and hydrogen," he says. "You get a mixture of steam and hydrogen. When you release steam into a secondary building [to decrease pressure in the core], the steam condenses and leaves behind just the hydrogen. Then all you need is an ignition source and you can get a hydrogen burn. That's what happened at Three Mile Island. I don't know if that's what happened in Japan, but it's likely to be the source of that explosion."
The good news is that the explosion seems to have happened outside the core. In that case, it's completely reasonable that an explosion could happen without releasing lots of radioactive material. That's because nuclear power plants come in layers, like an onion.
The core is contained within a building that has solid concrete walls, 3-to-6 feet thick. It's meant to withstand collision with an airplane. It's also meant to withstand an explosion from inside. But that bunker sits inside something a lot flimsier—a building more akin to a metal shed. It's the shed that exploded today at Fukushima. Because radiation levels didn't rise after the explosion, we can be pretty certain that the bunker is still intact.
How To Win This
This is a serious emergency, but there are some good reasons to be hopeful. According to World Nuclear News and Reuters, there were seven reactors in Fukushima that were affected by the earthquake. Of those, four have access to outside power to run their water pumps and are stable. Three lost their power. Out of those three, one has steady levels of water. Only two have decreasing water levels. But, in recent hours, workers have started pumping in seawater to one of those. Hopefully, both can be stabilized. But it's hard to say right now.
And then what happens? Remember, this is really just an emergency shutdown gone awry. The control rods are still in place. The Jenga columns are still separated. So, over time, the fission reactions will still slow down and stop. As they do, heat levels will drop, and so will levels of radiation.
Really, what we have here is a waiting game. The goal is to keep the reactors stabilized long enough that the shutdown can completely shut down.
For more information—and details I might have missed—I recommend checking out a recent BBC article, and an interview Skepchick blogger Evelyn did with her father, a nuclear engineer.
*If you want to understand thy physics of nuclear energy in more detail, I'd recommend reading Marcus Chown's The Matchbox That Ate a 40 Ton Truck
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Is your uterus too cold to conceive?
In Chinese medicine, one of the main culprits of infertility is what we call a ‘cold uterus’. You’ve probably heard of yin and yang and the importance of maintaining balance between the two.
Yang energy is the warming energy of the body and fuels movement of blood and energy and catalyzes biological processes, like ovulation and implantation.
The luteal phase of your cycle is considered the yang phase. From a conventional medical view, progesterone kicks in and raises the body temperature to support implantation of a fertilized embryo and helps it to thrive.
In Chinese medicine, it is the yang energy that supports proper hormonal response to facilitate reproduction.
If your uterus is cold and the yang energy weak, blood flow may be inhibited to your reproductive organs causing old stagnant dead blood cells to accumulate which can block healthy flow and/or cause masses to form.
Without enough warmth in the uterus, your follicles may not ripen to their fullest. Imagine a fruit tree exposed to an early frost. Its fruits’ growth is stunted never having the opportunity to meet its potential.
Even if the follicle is able to reach maturation, it may not be able to ovulate properly without the warming energy to catalyze the process, let alone the cascade of hormonal events that must follow to result in pregnancy.
Signs you may be yang deficient:
- Feeling cold easily
- Cold hands and feet
- Cold abdomen
- Low BBT temperatures
- Frequent dilute urination, especially at night
- Weak digestion
- Spotting before your period
- Short luteal phase
- Low back pain (and with your ovulation and/or period)
- Menstrual cramps that feel better with heat
- Habitual miscarriage
- Delayed ovulation
- Ovarian cysts
While the yang energy of the body must be supported all year long, we must make extra efforts to preserve our yang energy during the cold winter months.
6 ways to warm your yang energy:
1.) Keep your feet warm
Wear cozy socks around the house. Don’t go barefoot, especially on cold tile or hardwood floors. Acu-meridians that circulate to your womb begin in your feet. If your feet feel cold, it’s basically like a cold river straight to your uterus.
2.) Eat soups and stews
The digestive system takes a hit when the yang energy is weak. Yang warmth is needed to break down food. On the flip side, if digestion is weak, it will steal from your reproductive yang energy.
In fact, dietary and supplemental are SO crucial to when it comes to not only supporting the yang energy of the body, but also to produce reproductive hormones, build egg quality and maintain uterine health. In fact, how you eat during each phase of your cycle and in preparation for fertility treatment can either help or hinder your fertility.
That's why I put together a comprehensive dietary and supplement guide with meal plans and recipes for each phase of the cycle and fertility treatment. (If you're interested, you can check it out on my shop page by clicking here.)
3.) Drink tea with warming spices
Ginger, cinnamon, mulling spices and spices in Chai tea are all good for supporting digestive yang energy, which in turn supports reproductive yang energy. Just be sure not to add sugar or a very minimal amount, as that can weaken the energy.
Avoid or minimize cold and raw foods, especially first thing in the morning.
4.) Castor oil pack over your uterus
The combination of the heat and the penetrating softness of the castor oil will not only help to warm your womb, but to clear out old stagnant blood and toxins that may have accumulated. Watch my video below for Castor Oil Pack instructions.
5.) Acupressure and Moxa
Specific acupoints help to strengthen the yang energy of your body. Using moxa is one of the most powerful ways to warm up and the yang energy of the body and dispel cold from the uterus. (To learn about moxa and see how it’s done, click here.)
I teach specific points in the protocols of my virtual program Total Fertility Wellness™ for using moxa to warm the womb and balance the yin and yang energy of the body throughout your cycle, as well as to support pregnancy.
6.) Chinese herbal formulas
When you visit your local acupuncturist, she may prescribe a customized formula with specific herbs to strengthen your yang energy and balance any symptoms that are a result of a cold uterus.
Acupuncture, acupressure and herbs all work together to balance your yin and yang energy and make you more fertile.
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The providers of these incomes (like your company / bank) can deduct a certain percentage of income as TDS (Tax Deducted at source) based on certain threshold limits.
Considering the pandemic and resultant lockdown affecting all sectors of the economy, the Government of India had reduced the rates of Tax Deducted at Source and Tax Collected at Source by 25% on several transactions from 14th May 2020 to 31st March 2021.
So, these concessional rates of TDS are applicable till 31-03-2021 only. Hence normal TDS rates would be applicable w.e.f 01-04-2021.
In this post, let’s discuss – What is TDS? What are the latest TDS Rates FY 2021-22? How much TDS is payable by the NRIs for AY 2022-23? What are the general misconceptions on Tax Deducted at Source?….
What is TDS?
TDS is deducted as per the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. IT is controlled by the Central Board for Direct Taxes and it is a part of the Indian Revenue Service Department.
TDS or tax deducted at source is a process of collecting Income Tax at source by the GOI (Government of India). It is a deduction of tax from the original source of income. It is essentially an indirect method of collecting tax which combines the concepts of “pay as you earn” and “collect as it is being earned.”
TDS is calculated and levied on the basis of a threshold limit, which is the maximum level of income after which TDS will be deducted from your future income/payments.
Let us understand about TDS with an example;
You book a Bank Fixed Deposit for Rs 1 cr for 1 year @ 6% pa interest rate. You will earn an interest income of Rs 6,00,000 after one year. Your Bank may deduct TDS at the rate of 10% i.e., Rs 60,000 (10% of Rs 6,00,000) and deposits this Rs 60,000 with Income Tax Department (on behalf of you). Bank issues you a TDS certificate which reflects this deduction.
Besides interest income earned on bank deposits, TDS is levied on various incomes & expenditures. Salary income, lotteries, interest income from post office, insurance commission, rent payment, early EPF withdrawals, sale of immovable property, rent payments on property etc., fall under the ambit of TDS.
TDS deductions that are given in your Form 16 / Form 16A can be cross checked using Form 26AS. The TDS amounts reflected in Form 26AS and Form 16/16A should always match.
Related Article : All you need to know about NEW FORM 26AS | Annual Information Statement
Latest TDS Rates FY 2021-22 |Revised TDS Rate Table AY 2022-23
Below are the latest TDS rate table applicable for the Financial Year 2021-22 based on the Budget 2021 amendments;
|Section||For Payment of||Threshold limit||TDS Rate %|
|192||Salary Income||Income Tax Slab||Slab rates|
(Based on old or new tax regimes)
|192 A||EPF – Premature withdrawal||Rs 50,000||10%|
If no Pan, TDS @ 30%
|193||Interest on Securites||Rs. 10,000||10%|
|193||Interest on Debentures||Rs 5,000||10%|
(Dividend other than listed companies)
(No TDS on Div Payouts by
REITs / InvITs)
|194 A||Interest other than on securities by banks / post office||Rs. 40,000|
(Rs 50,000 for Senior Citzens)
|194 A||Interest other than on securities by others||Rs. 5,000||10%|
|194 B||Winnings from Lotteries / Puzzle / Game||Rs. 10,000||30%|
|194 BB||Winnings from Horse Race||Rs. 10,000||30%|
|194 D||Payment of Insurance Commission|
(Form 15G/H can be submitted)
|Rs. 15,000||5% (Individuals)|
|194DA||Payment in respect of Life Insurance Policy||Rs 1,00,000||5%|
|194E||Payment to non-resident sportsmen/sports association||–||20%|
|194 EE||Payment of NSS Deposits||Rs 2,500||10%|
|194 G||Commission on Sale of Lottery tickets||Rs 15,000||5%|
|194 H||Commission or Brokerage||Rs 15,000||5%|
|194 I||Rent of Land, Building or Furniture||Rs. 2,40,000||10%|
|194I||Rent of Plant & Machinery||Rs. 2,40,000||2%|
(Tenant has to deduct TDS)
(Individuals who are not liable to Tax Audit)
|Rs 50,000 (per month)||5%|
|194 IA||Transfer of Immovable Property , other than Agricultural land||Rs. 50 lakh||1%|
|194IC||Payment of monetary consideration under Joint Development Agreements||–||10%|
|194J||Fees for professional or technical services||Rs 30,000||2% (or) 10%|
|194LA||Payment of compensation on acquisition of certain immovable property||Rs 2,50,000||10%|
|194 LB||Interest from Infrastructure Bond to NRI||NA||5%|
|194 LD||Interest on certain bonds and govt. Securities||NA||5%|
|194N||Cash withdrawal during the previous year from one or more account maintained by a person with a banking company, co-operative society engaged in business of banking or a post office:||> Rs 1cr||2%|
|194Q||Purchase of goods (applicable w.e.f 01.07.2021)||Rs 50 lakh||0.10%|
|206AB||TDS on non-filers of ITR at higher rates|
(applicable w.e.f 01.07.2021)
|–||5% or Twice the |
rates in force
|194P||TDS on Senior Citizen above 75 Years (No ITR filing cases)||–||Slab Rates|
Latest TDS Rate Chart for NRIs for AY 2022-23
- Interest earned on Non Resident Ordinary Account (NRO) is taxable. A TDS of 30% is applicable on it. But interest earned on Non Resident External (NRE) accounts and Foreign Currency Non Resident (FCNR) accounts is not taxed in India. Therefore there is no tax deducted at source.
- Under Section 195, when an NRI sells property, the buyer is liable to deduct TDS @ 20% on Long Term Capital Gains. In case the property has been sold before 2 years (reduced from the date of purchase) a TDS of 30% shall be applicable (on Short Term Capital Gains).
- The rate of TDS will be determined as per rules of Income Tax Act 1961 and DTAA with residence country of the policy holder if it has been signed. (Related Article : ‘What is Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA)? | Is Income earned outside India Taxable?‘)
- NRI Investments in Shares / Mutual Funds – Below are the TDS rate applicable on MF redemptions by NRIs for FY 2021-22 / AY 2022-23.
Misconceptions on Tax Deducted at Source (TDS)
One of the biggest misconceptions that exist in the mind of many honest taxpayers is that since they receive their salary/ other payment after deduction of Tax at Source (TDS) and thus they are not required to file their Income Tax return (ITR), assuming that their tax liability has been discharged. Following are some of the common misconceptions on TDS;
- No TDS means no Tax liability : There is a common misconception / myth that if there is no TDS then the schemes (or) investments are tax-free.
For example – If an employee withdraws his EPF money before 5 years of service and if the withdrawal amount is less than Rs 50,000 then TDS is not applicable.
But, this does not mean that the withdrawal is Tax-free. It is just that there is no need for an employer/EPFO (Deductor) to deduct TDS on these types of withdrawals. However, the onus of paying taxes (if any) on this EPF amount lies with the employee.
So, whether it is EPF withdrawals within 5 years or National Savings Certificates (5 year tenure) or any other investments, the interest income is taxed until and unless it is specifically mentioned that the income from that scheme is tax free. For example PPF enjoys tax benefit for which its interest is non-taxable. (Related Article : ‘Tax Implications of EPF, PPF & NPS Wtihdrawals‘)
- TDS deduction removes tax liability completely
It’s a misconception that, if the employer has deducted TDS, you need not worry about filing your income-tax return. Your employer deducts TDS on your salary income only, whereas you may have income from other sources (like interest income from Bank Deposits, rental income etc.,) and you have to include those in your Tax Returns.
Another misconceptions is – ‘No additional Income Tax is payable, if taxes are already deducted (TDS) on income’. Actually, depending on nature of income, TDS rates vary. On salaries, employers adjust the rate such that the entire tax liability of the employee is deducted by the year-end. On fixed deposit interest, banks charge TDS at 10%. But if the deposit holder does not provide his PAN, banks deduct tax at 20 per cent.
If your income tax slab rate is different to that of the TDS rate then you may have to pay the ‘balance tax’ or in some cases you can claim ‘refund’ too. It is advisable to be aware of TDS rates on various incomes that you have.
The TDS rate can be say 10% , whereas your are in the 20% tax slab, in this case you have to pay the differential tax (this can be Advance Tax or Self-Assessment Tax). If you are not a tax assessee then you can claim the TDS amount as refund by filing your Tax Returns. If you are in 10% tax bracket and the TDS rate is also 10% then there is no need to pay any additional tax.
Most of the Senior Citizens submit Form 15H to avoid TDS. In many cases, senior citizens feel if they have done this, they are not liable to pay tax. But if you have two or three fixed deposits in separate banks and you submit a Form 15G or 15H in all the banks, you will have to pay tax if the total interest from all the fixed deposits exceeds the taxable income limit.
Like most of us, the Government doesn’t like to wait for its money. It wants us to pay tax dues or at least a portion of it as and when we get our incomes. So, make sure you meet the compliance requirements which are related to TDS. Kindly note that false declarations for TDS avoidance can result in penalties and interest charges. So, kindly avoid doing it!
Continue reading :
- Income Tax Deductions List FY 2020-21 | New Vs Old Tax Regime AY 2021-22
- Health Insurance Sec 80D Tax Deduction FY 2020-21 / AY 2021-22 | Can I claim 80D Tax Benefit under the New Tax Regime?
- Interest on EPF Contributions above Rs 2.5 lakh is Taxable | Budget 2021
- Rebate under Section 87A AY 2021-22 | Is Sec 87A Tax Rebate Available under New Tax Regime?
- Treatment of Standard Deduction Rs 50000 under the New Tax Regime (FY 2020-21 / AY 2021-22)
(Post first published on : 14-March-2021)
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Branch Rickey consulted with God in coming to the decision to sign Jackie Robinson:
“I had no idea that I would find a story that linked my grandfather to a part of U.S. history,” the granddaughter, Donnali Fifield, told CNN. “But as soon as I read it, I knew it was historically significant.”
What Fifield read was an account by June Fifield of her husband, the Rev. Dr. L. Wendell Fifield, and his encounter with Rickey as history was about to be made. Fifield, who was pastor of the Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims in Brooklyn in the 1940s, counted Rickey, then general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, as one of his parishioners.
A century earlier, that church had played a part in American history through its first pastor and anti-slavery activist, Henry Ward Beecher, and his connections to the fabled “underground railroad,” the secretive network that helped escaped slaves flee safely to northern states and to Canada.Read the rest. Or watch the report here:
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Temperatures in Spain this winter have been warmer than average this winter, averaging 10C in December - 2C higher than the norm between 1981 and 2010, according to a recent report by Spain's meteorological agency Aemet.
This made it the second-warmest December since 1961, and the warmest since 1989.
Though perhaps a relief from the chill for some, it also means a bit of a biological befuddlement for the country's greenery, causing in particular the almond trees to reveal their lovely pale petals as many as 20 days too early, according to experts.
The trees are usually in bloom at the end of January and mid-February, the blossoms lasting just a few days.
"21C. Almond trees in bloom. January 8th."
"Blooming of the almond trees one month earlier than normal and with the leaves of the last season #arborealstress."
According to Professor José Egea of Spain's Superior Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), almond trees are more frequently blooming too soon due to higher temperatures associated with climate change, he told The Local.
The weather could also impact plants that flower in the spring between February and April, such as nectarines, of which Egea said many already seem about to bloom.
Flowering trees need a certain period of cold weather before the blooming process is activated. This period of time varies by each variety of tree, but because the almond trees require a shorter period of cold, their blooming processes have now been accelerated as temperatures now start to warm.
"The kind of trees that have low needs [for cold weather] are the ones that have surprised us with their rapid flowering," Egea told The Local.
"This entails a significant risk that the winter 'wakes them up' and that if low temperatures appear, this will jeopardize the flowers, being able to destroy them if it gets down to 0C."
The flowering of the almond trees has been advanced by between 15 to 20 days ahead of what is normal, and depending on the area, if it is warmer or colder, this can be a problem, Egea told Europa Press, adding that in some parts of the country blossoms could be seen during Christmas.
There is a risk of damage to the trees from freezing if there is a sudden cold snap since they will already have adjusted for warmer weather.
Flowers that require longer periods of cold weather to bloom may not emerge until later in the year than normal, Egea added.
Note: This story has been updated to add information from Professor José Egea to The Local.
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A cyclist and a runner start off simultaneously around a race track each going at a constant speed. The cyclist goes all the way around and then catches up with the runner. He then instantly turns. . . .
Two motorboats travelling up and down a lake at constant speeds leave opposite ends A and B at the same instant, passing each other, for the first time 600 metres from A, and on their return, 400. . . .
Two boats travel up and down a lake. Can you picture where they will cross if you know how fast each boat is travelling?
Some students have been working out the number of strands needed for different sizes of cable. Can you make sense of their solutions?
Use the animation to help you work out how many lines are needed to draw mystic roses of different sizes.
Can you make a tetrahedron whose faces all have the same perimeter?
How many winning lines can you make in a three-dimensional version of noughts and crosses?
Can you find a rule which connects consecutive triangular numbers?
Lyndon Baker describes how the Mobius strip and Euler's law can introduce pupils to the idea of topology.
Given the nets of 4 cubes with the faces coloured in 4 colours, build a tower so that on each vertical wall no colour is repeated, that is all 4 colours appear.
A square of area 3 square units cannot be drawn on a 2D grid so that each of its vertices have integer coordinates, but can it be drawn on a 3D grid? Investigate squares that can be drawn.
Four rods are hinged at their ends to form a convex quadrilateral. Investigate the different shapes that the quadrilateral can take. Be patient this problem may be slow to load.
Find the point whose sum of distances from the vertices (corners) of a given triangle is a minimum.
To avoid losing think of another very well known game where the patterns of play are similar.
The aim of the game is to slide the green square from the top right hand corner to the bottom left hand corner in the least number of moves.
A huge wheel is rolling past your window. What do you see?
Glarsynost lives on a planet whose shape is that of a perfect regular dodecahedron. Can you describe the shortest journey she can make to ensure that she will see every part of the planet?
Imagine starting with one yellow cube and covering it all over with a single layer of red cubes, and then covering that cube with a layer of blue cubes. How many red and blue cubes would you need?
Build gnomons that are related to the Fibonacci sequence and try to explain why this is possible.
Show that all pentagonal numbers are one third of a triangular number.
Can you find a rule which relates triangular numbers to square numbers?
Problem solving is at the heart of the NRICH site. All the problems give learners opportunities to learn, develop or use mathematical concepts and skills. Read here for more information.
P is a point on the circumference of a circle radius r which rolls, without slipping, inside a circle of radius 2r. What is the locus of P?
The opposite vertices of a square have coordinates (a,b) and (c,d). What are the coordinates of the other vertices?
Imagine you are suspending a cube from one vertex and allowing it to hang freely. What shape does the surface of the water make around the cube?
Rectangles are considered different if they vary in size or have different locations. How many different rectangles can be drawn on a chessboard?
Triangular numbers can be represented by a triangular array of squares. What do you notice about the sum of identical triangle numbers?
The triangle OMN has vertices on the axes with whole number co-ordinates. How many points with whole number coordinates are there on the hypotenuse MN?
Points P, Q, R and S each divide the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively in the ratio of 2 : 1. Join the points. What is the area of the parallelogram PQRS in relation to the original rectangle?
How can visual patterns be used to prove sums of series?
ABCD is a regular tetrahedron and the points P, Q, R and S are the midpoints of the edges AB, BD, CD and CA. Prove that PQRS is a square.
Seven small rectangular pictures have one inch wide frames. The frames are removed and the pictures are fitted together like a jigsaw to make a rectangle of length 12 inches. Find the dimensions of. . . .
A game for 2 players
This is a simple version of an ancient game played all over the world. It is also called Mancala. What tactics will increase your chances of winning?
Start with a large square, join the midpoints of its sides, you'll see four right angled triangles. Remove these triangles, a second square is left. Repeat the operation. What happens?
These are pictures of the sea defences at New Brighton. Can you work out what a basic shape might be in both images of the sea wall and work out a way they might fit together?
An irregular tetrahedron has two opposite sides the same length a and the line joining their midpoints is perpendicular to these two edges and is of length b. What is the volume of the tetrahedron?
There are 27 small cubes in a 3 x 3 x 3 cube, 54 faces being visible at any one time. Is it possible to reorganise these cubes so that by dipping the large cube into a pot of paint three times you. . . .
Show that among the interior angles of a convex polygon there cannot be more than three acute angles.
The whole set of tiles is used to make a square. This has a green and blue border. There are no green or blue tiles anywhere in the square except on this border. How many tiles are there in the set?
ABC is an equilateral triangle and P is a point in the interior of the triangle. We know that AP = 3cm and BP = 4cm. Prove that CP must be less than 10 cm.
On the 3D grid a strange (and deadly) animal is lurking. Using the tracking system can you locate this creature as quickly as possible?
A game for 2 people. Take turns joining two dots, until your opponent is unable to move.
This article outlines the underlying axioms of spherical geometry giving a simple proof that the sum of the angles of a triangle on the surface of a unit sphere is equal to pi plus the area of the. . . .
A and C are the opposite vertices of a square ABCD, and have coordinates (a,b) and (c,d), respectively. What are the coordinates of the vertices B and D? What is the area of the square?
Discover a way to sum square numbers by building cuboids from small cubes. Can you picture how the sequence will grow?
What's the largest volume of box you can make from a square of paper?
What can you see? What do you notice? What questions can you ask?
This article is based on some of the ideas that emerged during the production of a book which takes visualising as its focus. We began to identify problems which helped us to take a structured view. . . .
How could Penny, Tom and Matthew work out how many chocolates there are in different sized boxes?
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| 0.941506 | 1,559 | 3.765625 | 4 |
The U.S. electric transmission grid is a complex network of more than 200,000 miles of high-voltage transmission line. Visually, the grid resembles a high-powered spider web spanning the country, delivering electricity from power plants to homes and businesses. The electric transmission system in Peninsular Florida currently has approximately 16,000 miles of transmission line rated from 69,000 volts up to 500,000 volts. Of that, Seminole Electric owns and maintains more than 350 miles of transmission line. Seminole transmission facilities are interconnected with other transmission providers (TPs) and much of SECI’s Member load is served through the transmission of other TPs that deliver power to Seminole Members.
Traveling at nearly the speed of light, electricity flows through high voltage transmission lines until reaching “step-down transformers,” where the voltage is reduced, usually down to 69,000 volts or less. After the electricity is further reduced, it is transferred to smaller distribution lines that travel safely from Member electric cooperatives to homes and businesses. Lastly, voltage is decreased for residential use, typically 110 volts or 220 volts.
Vegetation management, commonly referred to as right-of-way maintenance, is essential in providing safe and reliable electric service. Seminole Electric, through its transmission vegetation management plan and energy delivery team, work hard to ensure that rights of way are cleared regularly of trees and brush to help reduce potential outages and hazards. Trees and branches growing in or near power lines can cause interruptions in service. Uncontrolled brush can impede access to utility structures.
Managing vegetation along Seminole’s transmission lines is an ongoing responsibility. Regular vegetation maintenance increases electric reliability and decreases service interruptions.
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Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of music on the amount of time that infants and toddlers cried during physical therapy sessions.
Methods: An A-B-A withdrawal multiple single-subject design was used with 9 infants and toddlers with or at risk for developmental disabilities. Music was played during therapy in the intervention period but not in the baseline periods. The number of minutes that the participants cried was documented in a Crying Log. Results were analyzed using a celeration line approach and descriptive statistics.
Results: Responses to music varied among the participants, with 6 of 9 children crying less when music was used during therapy.
Conclusions: Infants and toddlers with or at risk for developmental disabilities may benefit from the use of music during physical therapy to reduce crying. Effects of music on other aspects of infant and toddler behavior need to be studied.
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| 0.97607 | 175 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Use the definition of limits, find the delta which corresponds to the epsilon givn the limit:
lim ( 1+x ) ^ 1/x = e ; given the epsilon = .001
|(1+x)^1/x - e| < .001
-.001 < (1+x)^1/x - e < .001
e - .001 < (1+x)^(1/x) < e + .001
.999 < (1+x)^(1/x) < 1.0010005 <=== This is wer i got stuck on how to.. ??
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HL. Mencken’s ferociously satirical attack on the South was launched on a small scale when an attenuated version of “The Sahara of the Bozart” appeared in the New York Evening Mail on Nov. 13, 1917. But it was not until 1920 that “Sahara” made its first major penetration of the region when it appeared as a more comprehensive vituperative essay in the second of Mencken’s appropriately entitled series, Prejudices. Although Mencken found almost nothing worth sparing in the cultural desert of the South, either by way of its small “c” anthropological culture or its capital “C” Culture of Arts, Letters, and Sciences, his denunciations bypassed the whole field of journalism and the popular press, except for an occasional reference to, or quotation from, a newspaper story that reinforced a condemnatory point about the desiccation of Southern social structures and the sorry state of the arts and learning in the South. Since he indicated that after James Branch Cabell had been counted one could not find a single Southern prose writer who could actually write, perhaps the practice of journalism and its news products in the South were simply beneath even Mencken’s profound contempt: had Mencken not been the kind of journalist he was—an intellectual imperialist who took the entire realm of symbolic expression and moral and political action as his territory—one might have attributed his failure to lambaste Southern journalism to an oversight caused by the relatively modest standing of journalism among the civilizing arts. But modesty did not impose many constraints on Mencken in any of his filibustering expeditions, so it is difficult to conceive of his underrating his chosen profession in this way.
Whatever the cause of Mencken’s failure to castigate journalism evenhandedly with all other intellectual pursuits in the South, this neglect (or oversight) compounds the irony of his critical relation to the intellectual history of the South. The most obvious irony is that within the decade following his devastating depiction of the South as a hopeless American wasteland, the Southern Literary Renaissance was underway, although its full recognition and national and international influence came somewhat later.
A more subtle irony is this: even though the bard of Baltimore ignored Southern journalism and journalists in his sweeping condemnation of the South, it was those very journalists (along with a few editors of “little” magazines) who responded most readily to Mencken’s call to arms against the boobs, barbarians, and Philistines allegedly desecrating the region’s sacred soil. Most noteworthy, of course, were Gerald Johnson and Wilbur J. Cash. Both were to take their points of departure from Mencken’s corrosive satirical style, and for a time were so derivative that they even wrote imitatively in his idiom. Johnson remained pretty much fixed in that pattern, but Cash, in The Mind of the South (1941), transcended it, at least in part, by giving a profundity and theoretical comprehensiveness to his interpretation of how the South had come to be a land of such poverty and paradox, of so many myths and prejudices.
The Mind of the South also added another dimension to the more strident impressionistic critics of Southern culture in the Mencken mode. Although never developed as fully as the negative portrayal, a sense of Cash’s deeply rooted attachment to the South runs through many passages of the book, not only tempering the brittle Menckenesque satire, but also indicating that even the excesses of Southern behavior come from springs of emotion that, brought under more rational control, are capable of contributing as much to the good of the South as they have to its faults. In brief, Cash acknowledged the inherent individual and social virtue in elemental, if often abused, characteristics of the Southern mind-set that are now regarded as regional assets—individualism, personalism, raw courage coupled with a sense of honor, etc. The love-hate relation Cash had with the South has since become so common among Southerners who write about the region that it may appear banal. But among the detractors and defenders of the South of the 1920’s and 1930’s this was not the case, and it may have been part of the reason The Mind of the South was almost as favorably received inside the South as it was above and beyond the Mason-Dixon line.
Although The Mind of the South is considerably less than a balanced account, and it is no longer regarded as the demythologizing scripture it once was, neither has it been displaced as a critical exegesis of the formation of white Southern consciousness between the Civil War and World War II. The point is that this seminal interpretation of Southern mind and manner came from a journalist.
In the interim between Mencken’s unsparing attack and Cash’s deliberate (and infinitely more complex) exposition of the Southern white mind, the literary renaissance had proceeded apace. By 1940, Southern creative writers and literary criticism emanating from Southern sources were on the way to occupying the preeminent position among American men and women of letters that they held throughout the 1940’s and 1950’s and into the 1960’s, and from which they have not been effectively displaced by any subsequent literary movement or combination of movements. Although not without its own critical or countercritical side, the Southern Literary Renaissance was solidly grounded in concrete Southern experience, history, tradition, myth, and image. Certainly the revival of Southern letters was partly a defensive reaction to a long-established pattern of disparagement of the South (and hitherto evoking a standard response) that grew out of the typical war victor’s writing of history and reenacting it symbolically to the advantage of its own self-image. But it was much more than that, because the literature of the South from the 1920’s onward, although provincial in its setting of time and place, as well as in its characters and metaphor, was universal in its moral and social implications.
Although it reached its apogee somewhat later than the literary manifestation of the revival of a distinctive Southern culture (both big and small “c”), it might be suggested that Southern journalists generated a regionally based renaissance in the middle years of the 20th century that is comparable to, and in some ways complements, the Southern Literary Renaissance. Perhaps it would have received greater attention had Mencken vented his spleen on Southern journalism as he did on Southern literature. We do have a recent acknowledgment of sorts that Southern journalists did indeed come to dominate American journalism generally in the 1960’s even more clearly than Southern writers had ruled the American republic of letters a bit earlier. I refer to Norman Podhoretz’s article “How the North Was Won” in the Sept. 30, 1979 New York Times Magazine. Although he sometimes merges Southern creative writers and critics with journalists in strange ways, Podhoretz is concerned to show how ambition, drive, writing skill, and a turning of the tables on the North relative to the liberal credentials of Southern journalists (including bona fides as stringent critics of Southern economic, political, and racial practices from the inside) moved a bevy of Southern journalists into prime editorial positions with leading newspapers and magazines. And one might add to the list a substantial set of names of those who infiltrated the news division of the radio and television networks.
For present purposes, however, this outside manifestation of a Southern journalistic renaissance is less important than the development of a distinguished journalism within the South that extended beyond newspapers to the production of books that furnish penetrating interpretations, both critical and constructive, of the South as a social, cultural, and political entity. Those who participated in the capture of the North may not be fully a part of this development for reasons that the writer, George Garrett, has described in a biting way: “There are those,” he says, “like Willie Morris and Larry King and Tom Wicker and Marshal Frady, who have gone North and have actively joined the establishment, establishing their own impeccable liberal credentials by denouncing the worst excesses of Southern life (often confirming stereotypical liberal suppositions in doing so) while managing to preserve something of the Southern style for themselves. This is, in effect, the ironic contemporary equivalent of the gesture called “pulling wool” or “Fully Wooly” (in some parts of the South) whereby certain sly black men ingratiated themselves with their oppressors by acting out the part already assigned them with gusto and enthusiasm.”
It is not possible, of course, to do justice to the indigenous journalists who stayed in the South and contributed in one way or another to our understanding of the South through their commentaries on the way the South shaped their personal identities and developed or extended its own distinctive cultural identity as a region within the larger American nation. To do so would require that we go back in time to the country editors, as Thomas D. Clark has done, to show the personal and local community character (together with the regional defensiveness) of that type of journalist. We would also need to return to Henry W. Grady and the rise of Southern urban journalism, with its progressive New South connotations. A return to the origins would also require touching on the Southern editors who moved from local journalism into national public life, and would include such figures as Walter Hines Page and Josephus Daniels. When one ponders these and many other possibilities, it is easy to see how much room there is for work in this large field of intellectual and social history.
At this point both the topic at hand and the confinements of time and space require that examples be made to suffice when a survey might be more satisfying. The three examples that follow were chosen to provide a rough sketch of sociopolitical types among Southern journalists who are also noteworthy interpreters of the South. One, Hodding Carter, Jr., was a small town publisher drawn from what might be described as the patrician element of the deep South. He combined some measure of the paternalistic past with a mild economic progressivism and a much more egalitarian attitude in matters of race and religion. The second, P.D. East, was a radically individualistic Populist type whose attitudes on race were uniquely unorthodox. My third example, James Jackson Kilpatrick, is the best-known of the three today, being both a syndicated columnist and frequent television commentator. The former editor of a major urban newspaper, he is a legal abstractionist, a social conservative, and something of an economic libertarian.
Hodding Carter, Jr., perhaps the most eloquent, and certainly the most prolific writer of reflective books on the Southern experience among 20th-century journalists, was far more complex than he is usually considered to be. Like the South that nurtured him, he eludes classification according to standard (oversimplified) social, psychological, and political categories. Because of his identification as one of that small band of Southern spokesmen who led the fight against the extreme segregationists during the civil rights crisis of the 1950’s and 1960’s, and because he opposed the exploitation of wage earners and natural resources in the South as the price Southern business and political leaders were willing to pay neocolonial industrial forces from outside the region for economic development, Carter is usually perceived as a straightforward socioeconomic liberal. But neither his image of the South nor his identification as a Southerner could be forced into that Procrustean ideological bed even when, during his own time, ideas conforming to the special meaning attached to the term “liberal” by Americans seemed the dominant influence in intellectual and political circles that counted as centers of power in other sections of the country. One had only to see him in the late 1960’s in the left-liberal setting of an Eastern university to realize how puzzling this anticipated hero from the benighted South was to a nonSouthern audience. His surface simplicity, his courtly manners, and above all, his rhetorical style, which was critical without being condemnatory and drew on a fund of humorous stories filled with particularized and personified smalltown and rural images, were in striking contrast to the overintellectualized and abstract modes of thought expressed in an uncompromisingly militant and humorless style that completely displaced even the moderating remnants of Hubert Humphrey’s politics of joy among Northern liberal intellectuals. To those who knew Carter only by public repute as the courageous civil rightist he in fact was, he appeared strangely antiquated in such a time and place. To those who knew both him and his books, he was a man whose consciousness had been formed in a Southern context in which values were firmly grounded in a tradition that was not simply reducible to the Southern romantic, Southern realist, or general liberal stereotypes.
Hodding Carter was a descendant of a prominent south Louisiana family. In 1932 he lost his job with the Associated Press in New Orleans. The closing section of his letter of dismissal explained that, while Carter had some good qualities, he “. . . would never make a newspaperman, and . . . ought not to waste any time getting into another business.” He thereupon removed himself to Hammond, Louisiana, where his father had settled on a moderate tract of family land left from a vast holding acquired by earlier generations. Hammond is in the cutover small farm section of eastern Louisiana (the toe of the boot), located between the Mississippi and Pearl rivers and known as the Florida Parishes. The Carters were reasonably well-to-do and locally prominent, so Hodding Jr. had been brought up in that semirural environment inhabited largely by an extended family and neighbors who enjoyed a good, if not ornate, life. With the help of his family and his wife Betty, he took over a throwaway mimeographed advertiser, which he converted into a four-page tabloid daily that was to become a successful small-town newspaper, the Hammond Daily Courier.
Carter’s notoriety expanded beyond local confines when he became an implacable journalistic foe of the Huey Long regime and thus one of the prime objects of Long’s unremitting and repressive attacks on the opposing media. After four years in this embattled position, and having survived continuous threats and a boycott, as well as Huey Long himself, without total disruption, the Carters accepted an invitation (backed by the necessary capital) from a group of prominent residents of Greenville, Mississippi to edit and publish an independent and responsible newspaper in that Delta town. Although Hodding Carter’s reputation expanded to national and international proportions, the small-town newspaper that he always referred to in the first person possessive as “my” Delta Democrat-Times (even after Hodding Carter III took over as editor) remained for the rest of his life the firm journalistic base from which he operated.
In his later years Hodding Carter was in continuous demand as a writer and lecturer, out of which he managed to produce a distinguished series of books. The settings and the themes of his magazine articles and books are in and of the South, and, even when his historical materials extend beyond his life span, as in The Angry Scar, he brings a personal touch to his interpretation that demonstrates how historic memory can literally be absorbed into the writer’s immediate consciousness. Like Faulkner, Welty, the Vanderbilt Fugitives and Agrarians, and other contributors to the Southern Literary Renaissance, Carter worked within a cultural tradition in which the continuity of human experience had been preserved in mytho-poetic form and was opened to moral exploration and recasting through the critical and creative imagination. His style is simple, yet graceful, and unfolds in flowing cadences that reflect the tradition of oral communication in the South. Not only are his images concrete, but when he deals with ideas they are imbedded in, rather than abstracted from, the natural or social settings out of which they have been evoked. The rational and the affective are blended in his writing in a way that recalls Allen Tate’s formulation, “knowledge carried to the heart.” If the exponents of the “new” journalism bothered to read Hodding Carter, they might discover that the values he extrapolates from the specific characters and circumstances through which he explores the Southern scene and his place in it have already set a standard that they should find difficult to measure up to. The present context is too limiting to permit justice to be done to the well-integrated corrective image of the South offered in Hodding Carter’s collected works, which are really a series of vignettes that make for a composite whole. Carter’s general perspective may be closer to the paternalistic outlook of his Delta planter and professional friends than the liberal doctrinaire would like to admit. But if his concept of democracy does not exclude social stratification based on the virtues sometimes ascribed too generously to a real or imagined Southern aristocracy—such as courage attended by a sense of honor, family pride, good manners, and a tempered generosity toward dependents—these distinctions could only be justified on the basis of personal merit and never conferred by heredity alone, nor could arbitrary classifications on the basis of race, ethnicity, and similar irrelevant attributes be used to preclude worthy individuals from any social distinction that might be owing and justified. A responsible elite is one thing; a privileged and self-indulgent Bourbon is something else. It is worth noting that William Alexander Percy, an extraordinarily civilized, if anachronistic, man whose Lanterns on the Levee remains the definitive statement of the paternalistic attitude, was one of the Greenville notables involved in Carter’s move to the Delta. Although Carter indicates that Percy should have lived in an earlier century, he also paid him an ultimate compliment when he discovered, following his friend David Cohn’s lead, that “Will Percy was a living saint.” It is also worth noting that what drew Percy and Carter to each other in the first place was the battle that their families had waged against the crude grasp for raw power, and the resulting inhumanity, of Populist demagoguery in the respective forms of James K. Vardaman of Mississippi and Huey P. Long of Louisiana.
In Southern Legacy and Where Main Street Meets the River, Carter defended the differentiated unity of the Southern peoples while reserving the right to criticize the faults manifested in the very attributes through which that unity is maintained. He constantly expressed his attachment to those features of the South that are usually identified as establishing the region’s distinctiveness—its individualism, personalism, emphasis on family, sense of history and place, love of the land and closeness to nature, good manners, unyielding religious commitment, distrust of the abstract, and awareness of the elements of spatial and populational scale that make for humane social relations. He is defensive about his particular place in the face of patronizing attitudes on the part of outsiders toward Greenville, the state of Mississippi, and the South as a whole; and he understands that the Southern experience in defeat, reconstruction, and confinement to semicolonial status and resulting poverty during the heyday of American industrial “progress” contributed to some of the uglier aspects of Southern attitudes and social practices. But he does not resort to what Robert Penn Warren calls “the great alibi” to exonerate the region from moral culpability, and his love for his place and his people is too great to permit him to elide his critical function as a journalist or to fail in his moral obligation to abominate the sins of the South while maintaining a compassion that may lead to the salvation of the sinner.
Perhaps the simplest summing up both of Hodding Carter’s identification with the Southern ethos and his interpretation of the region’s strengths and weaknesses is his simple listing of “Southern Contradictions” in the collection of essays entitled First Person Rural: 1. The South is the seat of an early American culture, yet it remains the principal American frontier. 2. The South contains the nation’s most homogenous people, having shared more important things longer than any other regional group, yet it still holds the largest unassimilated and still unassimilable racial group in the U.S.3. Southerners have a strong love for the land, yet the South contains the largest proportion of landless farm workers and more cruelly wasted land than any other region. 4. The South contains the largest proportionate number of churchgoers, but the implications of Christianity in bespeaking the brotherhood of man under the fatherhood of God is generally lost sight of. 5. The Southerner is an individualist in matters of rights, honor, and opinion, yet politically and in some of his social thinking he is the nation’s most regimented man. 6. The South is kindly, courteous, and hospitable to strangers, yet intensely suspicious of the stranger who challenges its social, economic, and political paterns. 7. The Southerner is proverbially gentle in manner, yet the statistics on violence in the South top the rest of the country. 8. Southerners are the strongest national patriots, yet are more defiant of national authority than any other Americans. 9. The South has more have-nots relative to haves, and its have-nots are more destitute than those in the rest of the country, yet it has fewer Communists and fellow travelers than any other area. 10. The South takes its politics with more intensity than the rest of the country, yet fewer people vote in the South and more obstacles are put in the way of voting here than anywhere else. Carter recognized that the best things about the South are vitiated in whole or in part by these contradictory features, and that the key to resolving the contradictions lay in doing something about racial issues in terms of a larger conception of humanity. That is why he made much of his critical and constructive interpretation of the South turn on civil rights. Had he lived a little longer he would have rejoiced to note how many of his Southern contradictions had been at least partly resolved for the better. At the same time he would not have been complacent about the way things were going either in the emerging South or the uneasy nation.
Unlike Hodding Carter, who was widely celebrated both in and out of the region for his critically sympathetic interpretation of the South, in which conservation and change played complementary roles, and who was protected in part by that somewhat capricious Southern tolerance for the near heretical aberrations of one of its own, and especially one whose status and associations place him among the elite, the name P.D. East carries recognition only in the narrowest circles. East was raised in the crude and constantly shifting lumber camps of southeastern Mississippi during the 1920’s and 1930’s, when the final acts of depredation against man and nature were being taken by absentee-owned companies whose stripping practices used up Southern labor and raw materials with equal abandon and with no thought of sparing or restoring either. P.D. East, in short, was a poor white— latterly, a redneck—in the most impoverished state in the Union, an adopted child whose kindly foster parents were trapped in an economic activity that offered even less security, let alone opportunity, than sharecropping in marginal cotton country.
In the self-deprecating account of his early life set forth in his one book, The Magnolia Jungle (1960), East presents himself as one foredoomed to failure. He was an indifferent and often obstreperous student, a natural victim of both a cruel early employer and some of his peers, a disgruntled and unsatisfactory railroad employee, and a psychological misfit in the army, whose psychiatric problems extended well beyond his medical discharge. But through these accounts run two threads of meaning. The first is a stubborn resistance against all attempts to bind East’s will to any sort of socially or institutionally imposed conventions. The second is an emerging propensity to evaluate the worth of a person strictly on the basis of his own experience with that individual and to ignore abstract social distinctions related to race or ethnicity. The first of these attitudes accounts for a nonconformity in P.D. East that at times approaches an alienating, nearanarchic, and certainly eccentric, individuality that is one of the sources of his talent for the grosser forms of satire. The second arises in the context of his experience with two individuals, one a black man of sybaritic spirit and the other an itinerant Italian peddler, each of whom befriended the lonely boy without patronizing or exploiting him.
East had some partly expressed youthful ambitions of becoming a writer, perhaps a journalist, so in the wake of his occupational failure in the early 1950’s he organized two moderately successful labor union papers, and in 1953 he extended his more or less tentative career to small-town newspaper editing and publishing when he established a weekly in Petal, Mississippi, a hamlet across the Leaf River about three miles from Hattiesburg. The Petal Paper was for a short time well received by the local population, and appeared to be a ticket to upward social and economic mobility and civic respectability for East, whose passing attempt at conformity led to the purchase of a home in Hattiesburg, owning two cars, and joining the Kiwanis Club.
But P. D. East was a morally driven man, whose internal restraints could no more control his tendency to react explosively against moral and political obtuseness than Flannery O”Connor’s God-obsessed character, Haze Motes, in Wise Blood, could contain his self-destructive acts of resistance against the religious compulsion that continued to plague him despite his rational repudiation of faith. East’s selfinterested identification with his advertising clientele in Petal disintegrated rapidly in the face of the extreme reaction to the U. S. Supreme Court’s decision outlawing segregation in the public schools in the 1954 case of Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka. As Mississippi resistance mounted by way of radical legislation and state constitutional amendments providing for such drastic remedies as the closing of public schools, formation of White Citizens Councils (the uptown version of the Ku Klux Klan) throughout the state, the revival of the Klan itself, and various other organized or spontaneous obstructive tactics ranging from litigation to outright violence, The Petal Paper was steadily transformed into a vehicle for a one-man counterattack. The mode of East’s response was satirical, all of it broad and some of it as earthy and frontier oriented in its imagery as the early 19thcentury humor of the old Southwest. There was not much subtlety in P. D, East’s prose, and the ragging was done in a way that maintained a facade of news, editorials, and advertising characteristic of an ordinary weekly. The problem was that the paper became a single-issue organ that did not command a vestige of local support by way either of subscriptions or advertising. Although his subscriptions had never exceeded two thousand, anyway, and the cancellations in Petal and the near vicinity were made up by new subscribers scattered throughout the South and the country at large who were in bemused sympathy with East’s quixotic sallies against real, if elusive, enemies, the loss of advertising revenue that was not replaceable in the pamphlets that East continued to produce and distribute put him in as precarious an economic position as his social position in Petal already was. As Mark Ethridge said in the foreword to The Magnolia Jungle, “How he lives nobody knows except himself and perhaps his wife.” One of the great ironies was that East was so extreme a case of the raw frontiersman hacking away at the jungle around him in an effort to cut a path to civilization and a “. . . clearing so that all of us could look up and see . . . the face of God” that, as he put it, “few persons could tolerate . . .” him. The distinguished curator of the Nieman Foundation at Harvard, for example, wrote a revealing letter to one of the references suggested by East in his second application for a Nieman Fellowship in journalism. He noted that East baffled the selection committee, whose members really could not figure what he was up to and for what purposes he might use the Fellowship. In the end Louis Lyons seemed to come down on the side of abstract orthodoxy when he noted that there were several candidates who were “. . . doing a good job against the climate of the segregation belt and who want earnestly through studies to strengthen their own understanding to cope with this vital issue in their own communities.” Since that was exactly what P. D. East said he wanted to do in his application, one might draw the conclusion that the committee would have been happier had a redneck who did not subscribe to stereotypical Southern racial attitudes or to any of the ordinary methods of carrying on the battle over racial issues not applied for one of their prestigious fellowships. One could report other instances in which East’s appeals for help drew applause but no payments, and on one occasion his very appearance—he is described as having been a tall, heavy, and gangling man—caused a black community, individually and collectively, to go incommunicado in response to East’s efforts to make contact with a distinguished local black leader who waited in vain for East to reach him.
East’s unorthodoxy consisted largely of exaggerated examples of those traits usually identified as typically Southern: moral (if not quite religious) fundamentalism, radical individualism, a tendency to regard individual dignity as a matter of personal honor, a refusal to submit to authority even when it took the form of mild social pressures, a sense of the absurdity of life, and the sort of comic realism that is pervasive in Erskine Caldwell’s novels about the poor white farmer and mill worker. At the same time, what P. D. East wanted for himself, his family, and his friends and neighbors was so typical of the aspirations of Southerners and Americans generally that it is only when we see him ridicule the way these things are denied to declassed blacks, poor whites, and other arbitrarily excluded groups that we realize how simple the goods sought actually are. East holds a mirror up to himself to show his own inadequacies relative to his aspirations, which he then translates into desiderata for mankind: because of his ignorance he wants every human to be wise, his bigotry and prejudice make him wish all mankind to be open-minded and tolerant, his foolishness evokes a desire for universal wisdom, in his poverty he sees the desirability of wealth for all, his personal pride compels a general quest for humility, in his lack of faith he wills an abundance of faith in God and self, and in his awareness of his material being he hopes that every person realizes that in him is a spark of that which men call God.
As a journalist, P. D. East may not have amounted to much in terms of normal measures of success. But we have few interpreters of the South and of Southern identity from the perspective of the poor white, perhaps no journalist of that persuasion except P. D. East, and almost certainly none who took East’s stance on the race issue. Only in his preacher friend Will Campbell’s book, Brother to a Dragonfly, do we have expression of that particular Southern type comparable to that painfully extracted from East in The Magnolia Jungle.
Measured by the usual American standards of economic reward and public exposure in both print and through the electronic media James Jackson Kilpatrick is one of the South’s and the country’s most successful journalists. A native of Oklahoma, and educated at the University of Missouri, he moved to Virginia in 1941 as a young member of the news staff of the Richmond News Leader, and in 1949 he succeeded the distinguished journalist and historian Douglas Southall Freeman as editor of that paper. From that commanding position Kilpatrick became the intellectual leader of the Southern defense against racial desegregation. As much or more than any other figure, he was responsible for framing the arguments justifying massive resistance as the proper strategy for Virginia and the South to adopt as a way of preserving “the Southern way of life” against the civil rights movement. In fiery editorials that harkened back to the defensive posture with which the South responded to the Northern reform and antislavery movements of the 19th century, Kilpatrick evoked not only the shades of Calhoun in resurrecting the doctrine of Interposition and other legal strategies that were thought to have been put permanently to rest with the preservation of the Union as a major outcome of the Civil War but other and more primitive emotions that were always close to the surface of Southern sensibility as well. In 1957 Kilpatrick published his major treatise on the general subject, The Sovereign States, with a subtitle, Notes of a Citizen of Virginia, that Mr. Jefferson surely would have observed with a certain measured wryness had he been able to see it in mid-20th-century context.
When Governor Lindsay Almond abandoned massive resistance in Virginia rather abruptly in 1959, and even the milder delaying tactics against school desegregation steadily declined in effectiveness, one might have thought that Kilpatrick had been discredited as the theorist of a failed radical movement. As late as 1962, he published a book entitled The Southern Case for School Segregation that may be regarded retrospectively as the summing up of a lost cause rather than a legal brief backing up a strong plea in a viable case. But for so strict a constitutional constructionist and for one seemingly so firm in his ideology, Kilpatrick has demonstrated an unusual adaptability. As J. Harvie Wilkinson III says in his book on the Byrd organization, “. . . Kilpatrick had learned Virginia modes of thought, and he seldom failed to cast his editorial appeals in an irresistibly Virginian way. He was easily one of the most gifted phrasemakers of the national press . . . moreover [he] attacked all forms of liberalism with crusading zeal.” So with a base in a Virginia whose political configuration remained, except for a brief interlude, as conservative (and in some ways politically less attractive) as it had been during the hegemony of Harry Byrd, Sr., and with a facile rhetorical skill in debate and a substantial talent as a writer, Kilpatrick was able to advance his career as a journalist to new heights on the national, as well as the Southern, front. Today he is a senior statesman among journalists, a syndicated columnist, a college circuit lecturer who commands middle-range, four-figure fees, a political commentator in major network coverage of big events, a political pundit on public television, and a former in-house “conservative” on the “Sixty Minute” show. His stock on the conglomerate market of contemporary journalism commands at least an “A” rating.
James Kilpatrick’s portrayal of the South has an artificial or contrived quality about it, despite his unquestioned ability as both a descriptive and analytical writer. For one thing, much of his interpretation turns on abstract legal arguments characteristic of the defenses of states rights that consumed the talents of politicians and Southern men of letters alike in the period leading to the Civil War. Although he makes some passing tributes in his earlier books and essays to the particular experiences that shaped the personal qualities broadly associated with the Southern ethos, he tends to move quickly on from these references to the legal abstractions that in turn relate to social abstractions that the law can deal with in a way that is not applicable to problems of individual moral consciousness and natural social formation by way of family and other primary groups. In this respect Kilpatrick is more a sociologist and legal theorist of the South than a sensitive moral observer, literary artist, or even a social realist.
In his more recent writings Kilpatrick has moved increasingly into a personal, reminiscent mode or style in which he deals with his domestic world and its natural setting from the vantage point of his ostensible country seat in Scrabble, Virginia (he actually lives in Woodville). One might note that the proper noun “Scrabble” is not attended here by the modifier “Hard” as it is when used in descriptive rather than designative cases. From these passing family scenes and accounts of homey neighborhood happenings amid the beauties of rural Virginia comes the romantic side of Kilpatrick’s affinity with the South. Here is the well set up (if adopted) member of the Virginia gentry living a bucolic, slow-paced, and regularized life that recalls a traditional South in which every man was in his proper place, and society, nature, and God were in full harmony.
In his larger public world of the electronic media and the public lecture forum, Kilpatrick often gives the impression of a New South, or even a new national, conservative of the libertarian rather than the communitarian type, with emphasis on economic freedom as the foundation of individual incentive and initiative, leading to growth in productivity, diminution of the power of government, and general prosperity and happiness for all. This expression is indicative of the extent to which Kilpatrick has moved from Southern reaction into the mainstream of the revival of classical economic (libertarian) orthodoxy on the national scene. It may also reflect the extent to which the South, in its newest “developmental” stage has ceased to resist complete homogenization with the nation. If so, the Southern journalistic renaissance, which, like the literary renaissance, was solidly rooted in the distinctive culture of the South and not only contributed to the understanding of that culture but also brought about some salutary changes in it that permitted its best features to reshape, and in some cases eliminate, its worst ones, may be at or nearing its end. The most likely form of its dissolution is submergence by the giant corporate structures (public and private alike) into which publishing and communications, like our other activities and lives in general, have now been organized.
In recent years the South has had a substantial number of journalists who have been able to escape from the tyranny of the deadline and the ephemera of the daily news long enough to write penetrating historical and philosphical interpretations of the moral, social, and political environments within which they developed and, in turn, influenced. It has often been noted that the periods in which great literature appears usually are eras of social and cultural transition. One may make a minor application of this thesis in the case of the post-World War II emergence of a highly visible Southern journalism. Although the civil rights movement was the most dramatic progenitor of the changes and resistance that the journalists responded to in varying ways, even that massive (and still unfinished) effort at social restructuring has to be considered part of the general change from a traditional, mainly rural and agricultural, society to a “modern” urbanindustrial one. And just as the Southern Literary Renaissance was stirred in the 1920’s by the perception of the pressures from within and without the South toward “modernization,” and through fiction and poetry expressed the experience of this change in terms of the tensions it produced in historic memory and moral consciousness, so too did the immediate public harbingers of change prompt the journalists to explore these larger questions in the 1950’s, 60’s, and 70’s.
If one were writing a history of Southern journalism over the past 30 years, the lists of the illustrious, and the less than illustrious, and their respective deeds would be long ones indeed. But the purpose here has been to focus on representative examples of the way journalists in the South perceived their region, particularly in terms of the tension between stasis and change. And this involves getting beyond Mr. Podhoretz’s perhaps exaggerated, but fairly sympathetic, account of the conquest of national (i. e., northeastern) journalism by Southerners, although that particular symbolic manifestation of a journalistic renaissance on the part of Southerners should not be taken lightly in relation to change both in and out of the South.
Our representative sample spanned the traditional spectrum of Southern political types—the Paternalist, the Populist, and the New South Whig, and it touched briefly on the Southern liberals who went North. But regardless of their range of perceptions and degrees of criticism, affirmation, and resistance to, or advocacy of, change in the South, the journalistic interpreters who remained were intensely aware of their Southern identity in relation to the distinctiveness of the South and were concerned (in their widely varying ways, of course) with the delicate balance between conservation and change. Perhaps the best illustration of that common trait is contained in personal comments by, or in relation to, some of the legendary Southern journalists who also wrote classic interpretations of the region. The first was made by Eugene Patterson in 1963 to the editor of this magazine (then with the Southern Regional Council): “The role of an editor like Ralph McGill is to create an environment in which the politician can operate.” The second is a paraphrase of a recent remark by Harry Ashmore to this writer: We did not start out to transform society, said Ashmore in reference to the Little Rock crisis; what we wanted to do was save the community. These aims, which involve the effort to apprehend the meaning of the complex cultural infrastructure of the South and then to advocate ways in which that understanding can best be used to enhance regional life, permeate the major journalistic contributions to the self-interpretation of the South.
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Squeezing breasts 'could stop growth of cancer cells'
- Experts found physical force can play a role in the growth - and reversion - of cancer cells
- Squashing malignant cells made them grow in a more normal and organised way
- Research could help experts track down molecules that could be targeted for therapies
A little squeeze may be all that it takes to prevent malignant breast cells triggering cancer, research has shown.
Laboratory experiments showed that applying physical pressure to the cells guided them back to a normal growth pattern.
Scientists believe the research provides clues that could lead to new treatments.
Squashing breast cells encouraged them to grow in a regular way. However, scientists don't believe compressing breast tissue would have a beneficial effect
'People have known for centuries that physical force can influence our bodies,' said Gautham Venugopalan, a leading member of the research team at the University of California in Berkeley, US.
'When we lift weights our muscles get bigger. The force of gravity is essential to keeping our bones strong. Here we show that physical force can play a role in the growth - and reversion - of cancer cells.'
The study involved growing malignant breast epithelial cells within a gel injected into flexible silicone chambers.
This allowed the scientists to apply compression during the first stages of cell growth, effectively squashing the cells.
Over time, the squeezed malignant cells began to grow in a more normal and organised way.
Once the breast tissue structure was formed the cells stopped growing, even when the compressive force was removed. Non-compressed cells continued to display the haphazard and uncontrolled growth that leads to cancer.
'Malignant cells have not completely forgotten how to be healthy; they just need the right cues to guide them back to a healthy growth pattern,' said Mr Venugopalan, a doctoral student.
The results were presented today at the annual meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology in San Francisco.
Human breast cancer cells dividing: Malignant cells can be reminded how to be healthy according to experts
Professor Daniel Fletcher, who runs the Berkeley laboratory, said: 'We are showing that tissue organisation is sensitive to mechanical inputs from the environment at the beginning stages of growth and development.
'An early signal, in the form of compression, appears to get these malignant cells back on the right track.'
However, the team do not envisage fighting breast cancer with a new range of compression bras.
Prof Fletcher said: 'Compression, in and of itself, is not likely to be a therapy. But this does give us new clues to track down the molecules and structures that could eventually be targeted for therapies.'
Adding a drug that helps to prevent cells adhering to their neighbours reversed the effects of compression, the scientists found. The cells returned to a disorganised, cancerous state despite being compressed.
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The muskmelon (cucumis melo), also referred to as cantaloupe, is believed to be originally from Africa and Northern Asia. Muskmelons are regarded as tender annual growing vegetables, which require heat in order to thrive. Most varieties of muskmelons grown today are hybrids, with some varieties taking 68 days (such as the Earlisweet variety) to 73 days (like the Passport variety) until they are ready to harvest.
How to Grow a Muskmelon
The University of Illinois recommends starting muskmelons indoors to get an early start on the growing season. Approximately 3 to 4 weeks before spring, sterilize your seed starting tray by rinsing it in a solution of 1 cup of bleach and 9 cups of water. Set the tray aside until dry.
Fill up each cell in the sterilized seed starting tray with a good-quality seed starting mix. Water each cell thoroughly, until the water begins to drain out the drain holes. Firm the soil down in each cell until it's well packed.
Poke a hole in the center of each cell, to a depth of 1 inch. Drop two muskmelon seeds into each hole, and cover with 1 inch of dirt. Place the cells in a warm location in your home (72 to 78 degrees F) and where there is plenty of light (ideally 10-12 hours of light a day).
Keep the cells warm and moist. Check on them at least once a day, and water from below. (See Tips section on watering from below.) Germination for muskmelons is 7 to 10 days.
Once seeds have emerged and plants have a true set of leaves, transplant them into your vegetable garden.
Transplanting Muskmelons Outdoors
Turn over the soil to a depth of 5-6 inches. Smooth and level out the area with your rake. Water the area until the ground is well dampened.
Create mounded hills that are approximately 2 inches in height at the center of each hill, and are approximately 3 feet in diameter, spaced at 3 feet apart, in rows that are 4 to 5 feet apart. Or create 3- to 4-inch-deep rows, which are spaced at 5 feet apart.
Dig holes twice the width of a cell, but only slightly deeper (approximately 1 inch). Push up from the bottom of the cell to remove a muskmelon seedling.
Put a muskmelon seedling into a hole, the stem should be near to the level of the surrounding top soil, fill the entire hole up with dirt and water each seedling well. Plant three muskmelons seedlings per hill and one every 18 to 24 inches if using rows.(See Tips for more information on caring for muskmelons.)
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Learner's definition of ILLUSTRATE
to give examples in order to make (something) easier to understand
to be proof or evidence of (something)
These recent events illustrate [=show, demonstrate] the need for change in the country.
The results illustrate how important it is to wear your seatbelt.
to explain or decorate a story, book, etc., with pictures
— often used as (be) illustrated
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January 2021 Elasmobranch of the Month: Southern Stingray
Updated: Jun 26
Author: Linda Weiss
Southern stingrays are deep, olive-green to dark brown on top while their undersides are cream to white with darker coloration on its edges. Sometimes, the topside of juveniles may be dark gray. This stingray species’ body is flat and diamond-shaped with a slightly pointed nose, wing-shaped pectoral fins and a tail. The tail can be almost twice the length of the body and has a venomous barb on the top, located approximately a third of the way down the tail. Two spiracles are located on top of their head. These openings allow them to breath when their gills, located underneath, are buried in the sea floor. Males grow in size up to .9 m (3 feet) from wingtip to wingtip, while females reach 1.5 m (5 feet) across. Maximum known weight is 97 kg (214 lbs). Multiple rows of teeth are contained in the stingray’s mouth, located on the underside of its head. The teeth near the corner of the mouth are smaller than the rest. The teeth of females and sub-adult males are rounded, tetragonally shaped. Mature males have rounded, cone-shaped cusps.
Image: Jillian Morris
Habitat and Distribution
The range of the Southern stingray is limited to the Western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, most commonly found in Florida and the Bahamas. This tropical and subtropical dweller is generally located in shallow coastal waters, swimming only a few feet above the ocean floor. Occasionally, they have been found at depths of nearly 61 m (200 feet).
Founder Jillian Morris with southern stingrays Credit: Duncan Brake
Southern stingrays forage the ocean floor, feeding on nearly anything edible they can find. In addition to using electroreception to detect prey, they also shoot water from their mouths or flap their fins to uncover prey hidden on the sea bed. Their diet is known to include worms, mollusks, crabs, shrimp, and fish.
Southern stingrays reproduce viviparously. Eggs are fertilized internally. The embryo begins development being nourished by a yolk sac, followed by uterine milk secreted by the mother. Gestation lasts 4-7 months, resulting in litter sizes ranging from 2-4 pups, with an average of 4.
Pups born in captivity range in length from 20-34 cm (7.9-13.4 inches) and weigh between 282-1128 g (.6 – 2.5 lbs). At birth, these stingrays are completely independent and the serrated tail barb is present.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species currently lists the Southern Stingray as Near Threatened, with a decreasing population trend.
Natural predators of the Southern stingray include sharks, especially hammerheads, and other larger fish. They do use their venomous barb in self-defense. They are removed from the ocean for use in the aquarium industry and are also killed as bycatch in the commercial and recreational fishing industries. Climate change and pollution from coastal development are also threats to this ocean animal.
National Marine Sanctuary Foundation
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Carlson, J., Charvet, P., Blanco-Parra, MP, Briones Bell-lloch, A., Cardenosa, D., Derrick, D., Espinoza, E., Morales-Saldaña, J.M., Naranjo-Elizondo, B., Pacoureau, N., Schneider, E.V.C., Simpson, N.J., Pollom, R. & Dulvy, N.K. 2020. Hypanus americanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T181244884A104123787. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T181244884A104123787.en. Downloaded on 10 January 2021.
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Kids - Super Friends Squad
Jonathan Helps David - Week 4
September 28-29, 2019 |
Super Friend Angie will share stories about four different Bible characters who were super friends because they helped others. Preschoolers will see that they can be super friends who help others, too.
“Help each other with your troubles,” Galatians 6:2.
Who was a super friend in the story today? (Jonathan)
What made Prince Jonathan a super friend? (He helped David get away from the mad king.)
What is one way you can be a super friend? (Have each kid respond.)
PARENT BIBLE STUDY
Read: 2 Samuel 18-20
David killed a giant when he was just a teenager. So, obviously, he became a popular hero. The king invited him to live in the palace and there he became friends with Saul’s son Jonathan. But the king could only take so much of the young hero until he became jealous. Soon, Saul’s jealousy turned to rage.
Ironically, Jonathan was not jealous at all. Even though it was his rightful place as Saul’s first son to be the next king, Jonathan knew that David was God’s chosen one for Israel. He admired David like everyone else. The Bible says Jonathan loved David like his own soul.
Jonathan chose loyalty to David over loyalty to his own family – because God’s plan was bigger and because his father’s intentions to kill David were evil. This wasn’t the safe choice. It was the brave choice, and it saved David’s life.
In 1 Samuel 20, after Jonathan saved David’s life, the two men cried together, knowing this would be the last time they would see each other. Separation was the only way to keep David alive, but it was a difficult moment for these friends. This story reveals the painful truth that sometimes the hard choice is still the right one to make.
Think about your closest friendships. What would you do to save your friends’ lives? Would you tell them about Jesus?
When things are going well with your friends, can you celebrate with them genuinely and without jealousy? What about if you are the one who deserves success?
Thank Jesus for giving you the strength to be a good friend, and ask him to help make you an even better one.
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Lahore: Engineering students from University of Management and Technology (UMT) have designed Pakistan’s first solar plan. Two students Abdul Mateen and Syed Muhammad Junaid was working on this idea for long time but now they have successfully completed the designed model of a plan that runs on solar power. The airplane name is “Shams One”, Shams is an Arabic word which means sun.
This plan can fly day and night without any fuel; only use the solar power which is stored in its single battery. Students claim that by using this model, they can create a real plan like Swiss solar airplane “Solar Impulse”. They said that the components used in this model are imported but idea and talent is purely Pakistani.
Head of UMT Dr Hasan Sohaib Murad said that in our country where most of the things are imported, but the geniuses like Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan and now these students are showing their talents one after another. Dr Hasan also added that this is not the first time previously our student have created solar can and one of our faculty member won US Patent in radar technology.
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m. 17 May 1831
Facts and Events
Norman de l'Aigle Grosvenor (22 April 1845 – 21 November 1898), was a British Liberal Party politician.
A member of the Grosvenor family headed by the Duke of Westminster, Grosvenor was a younger son of Robert Grosvenor, 1st Baron Ebury, third son of Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster. Robert Grosvenor, 2nd Baron Ebury, was his elder brother. He was returned to parliament at an unopposed by-election in December 1869 as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Chester, succeeding his cousin Earl Grosvenor, who had succeeded to the peerage. He did not stand again at the 1874 general election.
Grosvenor married Caroline Susan Theodora, daughter of James Stuart-Wortley, in 1881. She was a novelist and artist. One of their daughters, Susan Charlotte Grosvenor, married John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir. Grosvenor died in November 1898, aged 43. His wife died in August 1940.
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Kids Voting Central Ohio
From simple lessons about democracy, to hands-on voting experiences, to working as election officials, Kids Voting is where civics starts.
Teachers in participating school districts can find our K-12 curriculum activities and information about programs for their students. Young people can get involved with the Kids Voting Youth Council and learn how to register, vote and get involved.
Explore our resources for teaching and learning about candidates, issues and voting.
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Jan 16, 2015 -- Dedicated to inspiring the next generation of leaders in manufacturing, engineering and robotics, In-House Solutions welcomed two university co-op students for four-month paid work placements in 2014. One of those students, Jackson Diebel, combined concepts he had learned at school with practical experience gained during his co-op to create an “out of this world” Mastercam single project.
Jackson’s Mastercam X8 Space Shuttle Project is complex and challenging, requiring students to use as many different 3D high-speed toolpaths as possible. Users have to import a CAD file into Mastercam and then establish stock, create solid geometry and apply the 3D toolpaths. The WCS coordinates on the shuttle have to be changed to machine the top and bottom of the solid. Being encouraged to create a single project like Jackson’s is the best way to ensure students get the most out of their experience with In-House Solutions.
“My time at In-House exposed me to the manufacturing world and opened my eyes to how things are machined and the problems that certain designs can have in terms of machining,” Jackson said. “Having this newfound appreciation for the manufacturing stage of product development will definitely aid me going forward in creating feasible designs.”
Jackson is a second-year student in Mechanical Engineering and Management at McMaster University in Hamilton, ON. The five-year program combines an education in business with a Mechanical Engineering degree, providing students with a foundation in design and problem-solving fundamentals, among other teachings. But Jackson said his stint with In-House Solutions allowed him to learn general manufacturing principles and gain valuable technical skills, and also equipped him with the knowledge needed to use Mastercam.
“In addition to being able to pick an effective way to machine a part, knowing how to use Mastercam has definitely put me a step ahead as I continue to work towards a career,” Jackson said. “Working at In-House, I was taught how to apply the most powerful tools of the program in the most effective ways. This is a major asset in my ‘toolbox’ as CNC machines are so widely used in industry.”
Helping to educate the engineers and scientists of tomorrow is important to In-House Solutions, and it’s one of the reasons why the company recently developed their innovative Applied CNC STEM Activities curriculum. Projects like the carousel, catapult and ruler integrate all four subjects — science, technology, engineering and mathematics — in a complete, self-contained resource that educators can easily incorporate into the learning environment. Using an applied approach based on real-world applications, these types of projects are the key to fostering student interest in STEM-related careers.
In-House Solutions’ Applied CNC STEM curriculum is available online, click here to learn more and buy.
Jackson’s space shuttle project is also available as an eBook at Mastercam’s online store.
A career in research and development appeals to Jackson, who hopes to combine his engineering skills and creative ideas in his future job. Engaging in hands-on work with In-House Solutions has given him a head start in reaching his goals.
“In-House Solutions has a great environment for their employees to work in,” he said. “I learned so much in my four-month co-op term that will ultimately make me a better engineer, all the while having fun doing it.”
More than 25 years ago, In-House Solutions ( inhousesolutions.com) began making powerful software tools accessible to small- and medium-sized manufacturers. Today, the company provides CAD/CAM, DNC, PCMM and OCTOPUZ robotic programming software solutions to organizations of all sizes. The In-House Solutions team of experts, with offices in the USA, Canada and Europe, are dedicated to selling, supporting, developing and implementing a full spectrum of software tools, particularly those specializing in NC programming and optimization, shop floor DNC communications and offline programming of industrial robots. In-House Solutions is the OEM supplier of Mastercam in Canada, and OCTOPUZ completes the company’s software solutions for manufacturing. The Book Development Team at In-House Solutions has been authoring and publishing industry-leading training solutions for over 15 years.
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This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (October 2011)
A benefit shortfall results from the actual benefits of a venture being lower than the projected, or estimated, benefits of that venture. If, for instance, a company is launching a new product or service and projected sales are 40 million dollars per year, whereas actual annual sales turn out to be only 30 million dollars, then the benefit shortfall is said to be 25 percent. Sometimes the terms "demand shortfall" or "revenue shortfall" are used instead of benefit shortfall.
The discipline of benefits realisation management seeks to identify any benefits shortfall as early as possible in a project or programmes delivery in order to allow corrective action to be taken, costs to be controlled and benefits realised.
- Cost overrun
- Cost-benefit analysis
- Optimism bias
- Reference class forecasting
- Underconsumption – macroeconomic form
- Cost Management: Book: Measuring, Monitoring & Motivating Performance By K. P. Gupta
|This economic problem related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
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