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Posted 05 April 2013 - 08:57 PM
Fresnel doesn't add or remove energy, it simply controls the ratio of refraction to reflection.
Though when considering opaque materials, the refracted part is typically considered absorbed (and is, to a first order approximation). The BRDF doesn't have to sum up to exactly 1 over the hemisphere, it just can't sum up to more than 1 (or less than zero, obviously). The Fresnel equations are already normalized as Chris_F notes, being physically based and all, so you don't need to worry about it.
The slowsort algorithm is a perfect illustration of the multiply and surrender paradigm, which is perhaps the single most important paradigm in the development of reluctant algorithms. The basic multiply and surrender strategy consists in replacing the problem at hand by two or more subproblems, each slightly simpler than the original, and continue multiplying subproblems and subsubproblems recursively in this fashion as long as possible. At some point the subproblems will all become so simple that their solution can no longer be postponed, and we will have to surrender. Experience shows that, in most cases, by the time this point is reached the total work will be substantially higher than what could have been wasted by a more direct approach.
- Pessimal Algorithms and Simplexity Analysis
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Presentation on theme: "Presented by: Doey Au-Yeung Pierrick Chamois Liang Min Huy Le"— Presentation transcript:
1Presented by: Doey Au-Yeung Pierrick Chamois Liang Min Huy Le PC MakersPresented by:Doey Au-YeungPierrick ChamoisLiang MinHuy Le
2Overview Industry Analysis Company Analysis HP Apple Dell Multipurpose computer systemAssembled from standardized componentsComponents perform identical functionsMinimal compatibility issuesCan assemble PC with X power source, Y motherboard, and Z CPU>90% use Intel based CPUsHard drives, graphics cards function similarlyEasy to assembleAll PCs consists of a similar set of components
3What is a PC Multipurpose computer system Assembled from standardized componentsComponents perform identical functionsMinimal compatibility issues>90% use Intel based CPUsHard drives, graphics cards function similarlyEasy to assembleAll PCs consists of a similar set of components
4A Modern PC Display Motherboard CPU (Microprocessor) Primary storage (RAM)Expansion cardsPower supplyOptical disc driveSecondary storage (Hard disk)MouseKeyboard
5Industry Development 1975: Industry start First viable PC: MITS Altair 8800Functional, affordable and widely acceptedNot really first PC, but commonly regarded as start of industryPrior to the MITS Altair 8080, there were several other PCs that did not reach commercial viability, including the French designed Micral. Technically, the Altair was not the first PC ever built, but it was certainly the first to reach commercial viability (cost effective and affordable) and widespread acceptance, if only by computer hobbyists.
6Industry Development 1981: IBM PC Late entry Time constraintsThird party hardware and software componentsOnly ROM BIOS proprietaryReverse engineeringEasy to mimic (clone)Clones would perform functions of the originalLower costPC Makers began as clone makersCompaq first 100% compatible cloneBy 1980, numerous products were in the booming PC market—Apple II, Commodore PET, TRS-80. IBM felt that they were missing out on a lucrative market, and thus ordered the development of the IBM PC. The time to market was an unprecedented (for IBM) one year, made possible by the foregoing of proprietary parts. Only the ROM BIOS was proprietary to IBM, with everything else made from off the shelf products. IBM essentially slapped the IBM brand on a hastily cobbled together product.The downside to using generic components was that once the ROM BIOS was reverse engineered, anyone could assemble a machine with functions identical to that of the IBM PC. Thus the clone market was born. Compaq was the first to successfully clone the IBM PC, producing a 100% compatible clone. Most PC Makers of yesterday and today began as clone makers.
7Industry Development Mid 1980s: Early 1990s: IBM PC and clones dominantStandardization of platformOne common hardware and software baseSoftware: MicrosoftEarly 1990s:IBM and Co held 84% of market by 1990Non clones forced out of marketCommodore, Atari, TandyApple sole survivorIBM PC and clones progressively increased their market share, reaching over 50% by This is mostly due to the much lower cost and 100% compatible nature of the clones.The standardization of the platform led to the rise of Microsoft, from MS-DOS to the Windows line of OSs.By the early 1990s, IBM and company held so much of the market that software developers ceased to develop software for other platforms. This led to the decline and eventual demise of other non IBM PC makers, including Commodore, Atari, and Tandy. Apple was able to survive due to the niche market it had carved out, mainly in the educational, desktop publishing, and professional graphics markets.
8Industry Development Late 1990s: 2000 to present: Dotcom mania: small real effect on PC industryMostly networking equipment manufacturers (Cisco, Nortel)Y2k: increased PC spending due to compatibility fears2000 to present:Steady decline in PC pricesComponent life cycle criticalDecline in PC prices mainly due to decline in component pricesPC industry homogeneous from day oneThe dotcom mania had no real effect on the PC industry, as most of the associated spending was in telecommunications infrastructure upgrades. Networking equipment companies like Cisco and Nortel benefited the most from the dotcom boom. On another note, the Y2k crisis led to increased spending on new software and hardware due to the fear of Y2k issues.From 2000 onwards, the market has increasingly become mature. Even IBM could no longer maintain its margins despite its extremely strong brand reputation. There has been a rise in branding and product differentiation efforts.An interesting note is that the PC maker industry has essentially been a mature market from day one, with a highly homogeneous product, simply by design. PCs perform the same functions and is assembled from off the shelf, third party, generic parts that are readily available. Thus, for all sense and purposes, there is no real intrinsic difference between most of the PC products available. The only difference between different PC products was the speed and the storage/processing capacity. Furthermore, it is necessary to recognize that a great portion of the recent decline in PC prices, and the subsequent decline in PC maker profit margins, is directly attributable to the life cycle of the components themselves.
9Key Success Factors R&D Branding Competitive cost structure Apple: iPod % market shareCompetitive cost structureDell – direct sales modelProduct differentiationAncillary services: one stop shoppingSoftware and hardware sales, not simply PC salesTechnology solutionsAfter sales serviceExtensive product linesGlobal expansionGrowth outside of North American marketR&D and Branding, aka marketing, is critical. Apple is an excellent example, with the iPod and the iMac. Apple was in dire straits in 1997, and would in all likelihood exist only in the history books were it not for Steve Jobs. His introduction of the iMac, and subsequently the iPod, has brought Apple back into the black. Thus far, Apple seems unstoppable in the MP3 player market that the iPod dominates in.Since the products are homogeneous, cost structures, and in turn prices, must be kept competitive as sales are very price sensitive.There is a shift in focus towards providing solutions, rather than simply PCs (hardware). IBM exited the hardware only PC market to concentrate on the more lucrative full service enterprise class solutions business.The North American market is essentially mature and so growth will be found elsewhere.
20Business Models Direct Sales Sell directly via phone or internet JIT Inventory systemAdvantage: Lower cost structureReduced inventory → lower storage and financing costsIncreased product quality → products use non “stale” componentsAbility to customize → increased customer satisfactionLess middlemen → lower prices thus increasing salesReduced overhead → no brick and mortar retail outlets to maintainDisadvantage: customers cannot preview productLower inventory results in reduced overhead, from finance and administration costs to warehouse size savings. Products use non “stale” components, which is important given the rate of obsolescence. Savings are passed to customers thus reducing prices and increasing sales
21Business Models Traditional Retail Sell via retail distribution chain Big Box storesMain methodology usedAdvantage: Customers preview product prior to purchaseIncreased efficiency: economies of scale realized from mass producing one productDisadvantage: inventory issues – either shortage or excessMore middlemen → lower marginsIncreased overhead → if it operates own brand storesAssuming equal selling prices, more middlemen would naturally lead to lower profits relative to a direct seller.
22Business Models White box Niche markets Local computer reseller Localized, more personal serviceSells PCs, hardware, software, and services“nonbranded” – local retailer brandBTO (build-to-order)Other services providedNetworkingInstallationReduced after sales serviceMost PC Makers run a combination of the above two models. Apple, Gateway have their own distribution channels via own brand stores and/or Big Box retailers, along with direct sales via telephone or internet.The White Box model is centered around nonbranded, customizable built-to-order PCs. Usually lower cost, and fills a specific niche, be it geographic proximity, more personal service, etc. White Box firms sell software, hardware, and services. Increasingly, distributors of components offer assembly services and sometimes even sell directly to the customer. White Box companies usually provide reduced services, especially in the area of after sales support. In particular, software issues are generally not supported.
24Issues Change in competitive focus: Speed and capacity not as importantUseful featuresLengthening replacement cycle periodIncreasingly powerful PCs delay practical obsolescenceSecond hand machine market (small but growing)Estimated to reach 110 million units by 2009Mobile computingPreviously, PC makers vied for speed and capacity—the race was on to see who could bring the fastest and largest capacity PCs to market first. More recently, he focus has shifted to features, especially those involving digital home theatres. The PC is finding acceptance as a media (movies, TV, music) and web surfing station.Although PC technology continues to reach new heights, the fact remains that modern PCs today are more than adequate for most needs, excluding video games and professional graphics. So while PCs are obsolete the moment you purchase them (and perhaps even prior to that), from a practical standpoint, the real replacement cycle is lengthening because people are realizing that there is no need to mindlessly keep up with technology.The second hand market is growing at a prodigious rate, and is expected to reach 110 million units shipped by 2009.Mobile computing has really picked up with portable computers recently reaching commodity status. For the first time ever, notebooks from major PC makers dipped below the $1000 mark during the 2005 Christmas season. This increase in affordability has led to the increased adoption of portable PCs, with a great many individuals owning both a desktop PC and a notebook PC. The lack of wireless Internet access points still inhibits growth somewhat.
25Issues Consumer appliances Outsourcing of: Seasonal nature Easy to use, performs specific functionsOutsourcing of:ProductionAfter sales serviceDecreased qualitySeasonal natureStronger in second half of yearSummer: Back to SchoolWinter: ChristmasThe PC is expected to stay for quiet some time due to its versatility. Despite this, for a great many people consumer appliances—easy to use, performs specific functions—will be attractive. It is difficult to say if consumer appliances will ever supplant PCs.The prevailing price war atmosphere has driven PC makers to find innovative ways of reducing costs. Outsourcing is one such method, and enjoys widespread use. Toshiba was one of the last to outsource production. The primary issue with outsourcing is that there is an inherent loss of control and quality of both products and service. Dell experienced complaints regarding the quality of customer support after opening several call centers in India.
26Issues Environmental Issues Hazardous substances (HS) Heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium)Recent legislationEuropean Union introduced directive to reduce usageAlberta introduced recycling levy on electronic equipment (Feb 1, 2005)California considering bill to completely eliminate HSEnvironmental issues are becoming more of a concern. There are various pieces of legislation that have been passed or are under consideration regarding the disposal of electronic equipment. Heavy metals, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, are found in most electronic equipment, and represent a serious environmental disposal headache. Some jurisdictions, such as Alberta, have introduced a recycling levy on computer equipment sales, much like a tire levy or environmental levy for the disposal of tires or motor oil. California is even proposing legislation to ban hazardous substances in electronics. The bottom line implications of this are that costs will go up, and those costs will either be borne by the PC makers, the customers, or some combination thereof.
27Recent Developments Apple New HP CEO Dell acquires Alienware iPod nano and shuffleExpansion into flash-based marketsSwitch to Intel CPUsNew HP CEONew strategy: technology solutionsDell acquires AlienwareHigh-end gaming marketNot really a PC, but it does signify an expansion into other product lines.
29Snapshot (as of 03-25-06) Source: Nasdaq.com HP Analysis as of March 2006
30Agenda Presentation of the Company Business Analysis Financial AnalysisStock AnalysisRecommendationHP Analysis as of March 2006
31The Company11Source: HP website#1 globally in the inkjet, all-in-one and single function printers, mono and color laser printers, large-format printing, scanners, print servers and ink and laser supplies#1 globally in x86, Windows®, Linux and UNIX servers#1 in total disk and storage systems#2 globally in notebook PCs, Pocket PCs, workstations and blade serversAwarded Outstanding Customer Service for Consumers#1 position in server brand loyalty for ProLiant serversHP Analysis as of March 2006
32Background 1939: Bill Hewlett and David Packard founded the company First product: the resistance-capacitance audio oscillatorFirst Client: Walt Disney Studio1947: HP is incorporated1957: The company goes public ($16 per share)1961: The company is listed on the NYSE1962: HP appears in the Fortune 5001989: HP is listed on Tokyo stock Exchange1997: HP becomes one of the 30 stocks that comprise the DJIA1998: Compaq acquires DEC2001: HP and Compaq announce their merger (effective in May 2002)HP Analysis as of March 2006
33The CEOMark HURD (2005) – is chief executive officer and president of HP and also a member of the company's board of directors.Hurd previously spent 25 years at NCR Corp., culminating in his two-year tenure as chief executive officer and president.Hurd was named president of NCR in 2001 and was given additional responsibilities as chief operating officer in Prior to that, he spent three years as head of the company's Teradata data-warehousing division. Earlier, he held a variety of general management, operations, and sales and marketing roles. Hurd began his career at NCR as a field salesman in 1980.Hurd is a member of the Technology CEO Council, a coalition of chairmen and chief executive officers of IT companies, which develops and advocates public policy positions on technology and trade issues.He earned a bachelor's degree in business administration in 1979 from Baylor University.HP Analysis as of March 2006
34Executive Team: A Mix between insiders and outsiders Ann O. BASKINS (1982) - Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (1999)Gilles BOUCHARD (1989) - Executive Vice President, Global Operations (2001)Todd Bradley - Executive Vice President, Personal Systems GroupVyomesh (VJ) Joshi (1980) - Executive Vice President, Imaging and Printing Group (1999)Ann Livermore (1982) - Executive Vice President, Technology Solutions Group (1995)Cathy Lyons - Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing OfficerRandall (Randy) D. Mott - Executive Vice President and Chief Information OfficerMarcela Perez de Alonso (2004) - Executive Vice President, Human Resources (2004)Shane Robison (Ex-Compaq) - Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy and Technology OfficerRobert P. Wayman (1969) - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (1984)HP Analysis as of March 2006
35Business analysis Outlook 7 different business segments High level of competitionCost reduction issueSales Channels issueHP Analysis as of March 2006
36Business Segments Enterprise Storage and Servers (ESS) HP Services (HPS)SoftwareThe Personal System Group (PSG)The Imaging and Printing Group (IPG)HP Financial Services (HPFS)Corporate InvestmentTechnologySolutionGroup(TSG)HP Analysis as of March 2006
37Segments Description: TSG Mission: to coordinate the Enterprise offerings across organizations to allow customers to manage and transform their business and IT environmentsConsists of:ESSHPS: provides a portfolio of multi-vendor IT services, including technology services, consulting and integration and managed services.Software: provide management software solutionsHP Analysis as of March 2006
38Segments Description: PSG Mission: to provide commercial PCs, consumer PCs, workstations, handheld computing devices, digital entertainment systems, calculators and other related accessories, software and services for the commercial and consumer marketsCompaq was acquired to strengthen this segment and compete against DellSource: Wall Street JournalHP Analysis as of March 2006
39Segments Description: IPG Mission: to provide imaging and printing systems for printer hardware, printing supplies and scanning devices, providing solutions across customer segments for individual consumers to small and medium businesses to large enterprisesHP Analysis as of March 2006
40Segments Description: HPFS Mission: to support and enhance HP’s global product and service solutions, providing a broad range of value-added financial life cycle management servicesHP Analysis as of March 2006
41Segments Description: Corporate Investments This segment is managed by the Office of Strategy and Technology and includes HP labs and certain business incubation projects.Revenue is attributable to the sale of certain network infrastructure products and to the licensing of HP Technologies to third partiesHP Analysis as of March 2006
42Business Segments: figures HP Analysis as of March 2006
43Business Segments Trends Evolution of Revenue per Segment Over a Three Year Period in m$Relative Evolution of Revenues per Segment in %HP Analysis as of March 2006
44Segment Revenue Trends HP Analysis as of March 2006
45Segment Revenue Trends (Cont’d) HP Analysis as of March 2006
46Segment Operating Profit Trends HP Analysis as of March 2006
47Competitors ESS: IBM, EMC, DELL HPS: IBM (Global Services), Accenture Software: BMC, Computer Associate Int. Inc., IBM TrivoliPSG: Dell, Toshiba, Apple, Lenovo, Gateway, FujitsuIPG: Lexmark Int., Xerox, Epson, Canon USA, DellHPFS: IBM (Global financing), financial institutions=> HP is leader or among the leaders in each segment, the harsh competition is therefore a key issue for the firmHP Analysis as of March 2006
48Compaq Acquisition: HP’s answer to the Dell Threat Dell has literally eaten the market shares of HP, Compaq and IBMIBM sold its computer business to LenovoHP acquired CompaqHP Analysis as of March 2006
49Compaq AcquisitionDescription: HP buys Compaq with a $24,17b deal that was effective in May 2002 (in an exchange of shares of HP common stock for each outstanding share of Compaq common stock)Objective: C. Fiorina, CEO who led the acquisition, wanted to reinforce the distribution channels of HP, counter the Dell upsurge that forced IBM to quit the market and give HP some scale effects to cut the costs in PSG and HPSConsequencesHP is selling worldwide and enjoy an impressive sales forceIn three years HP financials are strong despite the importance of the mergerBut the marriage is painful and the integration leads to several restructuring plans, layoffs and to a complex organization not efficient enough for the market standards (expected scope effects – between IPG and PSG – and scale effects – cost synergies in PSG and HPS – didn’t occur)HP Analysis as of March 2006
50Current ChallengesComplex IT organization with a matrix-based infrastructureOpacity in the accountancySlow decision-makingCost competitionRetirement programWorkforce reductionDissolution of CSG=> HP needs to be more competitiveHP Analysis as of March 2006
51New TrendsNext generation data center architecture: emergence of a 24*7 automated, lights-out data center. An environment that will need to be highly secure, highly automated and remotely accessed and managedAlways on mobile computing: convergence of voice and data services, people will be more mobile and the bandwidth will increase. Driving this revolution requires advanced devices, but also infrastructure, services and solid go-to-market partnershipsUbiquitous printing and imaging: color-use is increasing, multifunction printer and copier markets are converging… HP is investing worldwide in this sectorGo-to-market model: HP tries to improve its ability to cross sell, up sell and drive solution salesHP Analysis as of March 2006
52Risk Factors That Can Affect The Financials Harsh competitionCompetitive pricing of products needs low costsThreat of substitutes is highSensitivity of the sales to customer requirements: HP is short-sighted and must develop, manufacture and market products on uncertain marketsNeed to know the new technological trendsQuality issue with new productsManaging the technology transitions is cumbersomeShort product life cyclesDifficulty to have the good timing of product and servicesHP Analysis as of March 2006
53Risk Factors That Can Affect The Financials (Cont’d) IP issueR&D is the core business of HPThe firm is global and weather difficulties to protect its Intellectual Rights in some regionsProduct distribution managementPotential conflict btw direct and indirect sales channelsSales cycle makes the planning and inventory management difficultHigh depreciation rate of inventoriesHP Analysis as of March 2006
54HP Strategy Restructuring Plans R&D Global Firm 15,300 employees left or are expected to leave within 2007As of October 31, 2005, the total cost was $5.74bnR&D$3.5bnHP patent portfolio includes over 30,000 patentsGlobal FirmOver than 60% of the net revenue in fiscal 2005 came from outside the USHP Analysis as of March 2006
55HP Financials Analysis Statements of OperationsBalance SheetStatements of Cash FlowsStandard RatiosHP Analysis as of March 2006
58Major Captions Cash & Cash Equivalent Goodwill Debt HP is a “Cash Cow” (cf. CF statements)Jobs Act October, 2004: $7.5b repatriated in the USStrong Cash Position to cover the significant cash outlays expected in fiscal 2006 associated with the restructuring actions and company bonus paymentsGoodwillNo impairment of Goodwill existed as of August 1, 2005 or August 2, 2004The substantial amount of Goodwill is due to Compaq Acquisition as of May 2, 2002DebtExcluding the debt associated with the leasing business there is virtually no operational debt. Conservative structure due to the risky core business of HP (R&D)HP Analysis as of March 2006
64Multiple Analysis HP Analysis as of March 2006 HP IBM Dell HPIBMDellTrailing P/E (ttm, intraday)35.8617.120.6Forward P/E (fye 31-Oct-07)14.9413.1915.74PEG Ratio (5 yr expected)1.361.06Price/Sales (ttm)1.431.25Price/Book (mrq)2.63.9617.12Enterprise Value/Revenue (ttm)0.991.531.09Enterprise Value/EBITDA (ttm)11.3718.0812.55HP and Dell carry an insignificant amount of debt and therefore we can consider their ratios to be unleveraged (and therefore comparable)HP Analysis as of March 2006
65Upgrades and Downgrades History DateResearch FirmActionFromTo16-Feb-06Credit SuisseUpgradeNeutralOutperform13-Jan-06Goldman SachsIn-Line11-Jan-06PrudentialOverweight18-Nov-05Caris & CompanyAbove AverageBuy14-Nov-05BernsteinDowngradeMkt Perform1-Nov-05Am Tech/JSA ResearchHold22-Sep-05Robert W. BairdInitiated7-Sep-05UBS17-Aug-05First AlbanyBear StearnsPeer PerformBanc of America SecUnderweight13-Jul-0522-Jun-05Moors & Cabot10-Jun-05FTN Midwest15-Apr-05Raymond James5-Apr-05AverageHP Analysis as of March 2006
66Recommendation: Weak BUY WhyThe Company is recovering from the Compaq AcquisitionNew Management Team, Restructuring Plans, Costs Cutting Strategy that simplifies the business…Conservative Financial structure that provides good dividends: cash reserves, no debt.BUT2005 has not come up to the market expectationsThe core Businesses (IPG and PSG) are growing because of the weakness of the dollar. HP is still struggling to keeps its leadershipThe ROE is still low and volatileThe Company still fights to change its image of “old HP”HP Analysis as of March 2006
68History January 3,1977 incorporated by Steven Wozniak and Steven Jobs. 1984, introduction of Macintosh computer series1985, Steven Job left Apple1990, contracted with Microsoft on licensing MS Windows I OP system., Apple fell into financial stress1997 Steven Job back the company, the company started to recoverApple’s original logo
69Current BusinessPC: The Apple is the only company in computer industry that is capable of designing and developing entire PC system including microprocessor and operation system.Diversification: The Apple is world leading manufacturer and marketer of digital music playersDigital Hub: The Apple believes that computer system is the integration of all advanced digital devices including MP3 players, PDAs, cellular phones, digital camcorders, digital cameras, CD/DVD players, and other electronic consumer devices
70Current Business Key Customer Groups: Education Creative Professionals StudentsGovernment AgenciesDistributionApple Sales Consultant programOnline SalesRetail StoreReporting SegmentsAmerican ( North and South American)Europe( Europe, Africa and Middle East)JapanOther ( Asia-Pacific except Japan)ManufacturingCompany owned manufacturing facility in Cork, Ireland.External vendors in Fremont, California, Fullerton, California, Taiwan, Korea, China, and the Czech RepublicAssembling line in China
71“I'm looking for a fixer-upper with a solid foundation “I'm looking for a fixer-upper with a solid foundation. Am willing to tear down walls, build bridges, and light fires. I have great experience, lots of energy, a bit of that "vision thing" and I'm not afraid to start from the beginning. ”----Steven P. Jobs
72Executive Team Steven P. Jobs Co-founder of Apple Computer, Inc. Occupation: Chief Executive Officer (1997); Chairman, Board of Directors ( )Others Activities:Co-founder of NeXT Software, Inc.Chairman and CEO of NeXT ( )Chairman and CEO of Pixar Animation Studios ( )Board Member of Walt Disney Company (2006)Key Skill: Vision
73Executive TeamPeter Oppenheimer: Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President( since 2004)Timothy D Cook: Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Operations (since 1998)Nancy R. Heinen: Senior Vice President, General Counsel and secretary (since 1997)Ronald B. Johnson: Senior Vice President , RetailingJonathan Rubinstein: Senior Vice President, iPod Dividsion (since 1997)Philip W. Schiller: Senior Vice President, Worldwide Product Marketing( since 1997)Bertrand Serlet: Senior Vice President, Software Engineering( since 2003Sina Tamaddo: Senior Vice President, Applications( since 1997)Dr. Avadis Tevanian: Chief Software Technology Officer (since 1997)
75Product Lines Desktops iMac, eMac, Mac mini, Power Mac and Xserver PortablesiBook and PwerbookiPodiPod, iPod mini, iPod shuffle and iPod nanoPeripherals and other hardwareApple-Branded and third party displays , wirless connectivity and networking solutions and other hardware accessoriesSoftware, service and other salesBranded operating syste, application software, third-party software,AppleCare and internet services
79Sales by Products Total net sales increased by 68% in fiscal year 2005 Sales of iPod increased of 248% compare to that of 2004Demand was driven by the introduction of iPod NanoDemand of iPod subjects to internal conflict among different iPod productsiPod price decreased by 32% in 2005Net Sales of Macintosh system increased by 27%Sales were stimulated by the introduction of Power G5 microprocessor and Mac mini series of desktopProfessional notebook( PowerBook series ) still have strong demand on the marketLow sales on low price MacExpansion of Retail segment contributes to overall sales increase.
81Segment SalesAmerican segment sales raised about 64% in fiscal year 2005American segment represent approximately 47%-49% of total sales of the company.11% of sales growth can attribute to growth of professional notebook30% of growth can attribute to the introduction of new Mac systems (G5 based Mac) and iPodJapan’s net sales went up by 36%iPod, G5 and Mac mini contribute to the sales increase in Japan.38 new retail store were opened in 2005 and total number of retail store were 124 at September 2005
82Financial Statement Consolidated Balance Sheet Consolidated Statement of OperationConsolidated Statement of Cash Flows
89Financial summary Mar. 24, 2006 Market Last Sale$ 59.96 Change Net / % %Today’s High/Low Price :$ 60.94 / $ 59.03Share Volume:38,293,61650 Day Ave. Daily Volume: 35,990,619Previous Close: $ Wk High / low: $ 86.40 / $ 33.11Shares Outstanding: 848,612,000Market Value: $ 50,882,775,520P/E Ratio :32.24Forward P/E (1yr) :22.92Earning per Share :$ 1.86Beta: 1.3NSDAQ Official Open Price :$ 60.27Date of NASDAQ Official Open Price: Mar. 24, 2006NASDAQ Official Close Price: $ 59.96Date of NASDAQ Official Close Price: Mar. 24, , 2006September,2005 (in million dollars)Total Net Sales: $12,931Total Net Income: $1,335Total Asset: $11,551Total Liability: $4,085Source :
91Stock Information Stock Exchange NASDAQ and Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Germany)Symbol TicketAPPL (NASDAQ) and APCD (Germany)Time of IPODecember 12, 1980 (NASDAQ)Stock Split HistoryMay 15, 1987(2-for-1)June 21, 2000 (2-for-1)February 18, 2005(2-for-1)Dividend HistoryNo dividend for last five yearsStock RepurchaseAuthorized repurchase up to $283 millions of common stock as of February 18,2005
92Strength Strong Functional skill Untraditional Product Lines: iPod, PowerBookIncreasing R&D investmentSuperior Financing Positions: high cash reserveMarketing: high brand recognitionHuman recourseSteven Job and his NeXT team
93Challenging Supplier power Single or limited source of supply for key componentIntel became one of the microprocessor supplierUncertain DemandUS educational marketOverall demand for IT products is decreasingSelf Cannibalization of iPod productsLawsuitThe company currently involves in 26 lawsuits in North American and EuropeClaims includes patent infringement, false advertising and unfair business practicesThe financial effect is still unknown
96Dell Inc. StockDETAILSDell, a Delaware corporation, was founded in 1984 by Michael DellDividendsDell has never declared or paid any cash dividends on shares of its common stock and currently does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the immediate future.
99History 1984: Michael Dell founds Dell Computer Corporation 1987: International expansion begins with opening of subsidiary in United Kingdom1988: Dell conducts initial public offering of company stock (3.5 million shares at $8.5 each)1993: Enters into Asia-Pacific region with subsidiaries in Australia and Japan1996: Company begins major push into the server market2000: Company sales via Internet reach $50 million per day2001: For the first time, Dell ranks No. 1 in global market share2004: Kevin Rollins becomes Dell's next chief executive officer. Michael Dell moves to Chairman of the Board2005:Dell tops list of "America's Most Admired Companies" in Fortune Magazine. Opens third major U.S. manufacturing location in Winston- Salem, North Carolina
105Share Repurchase Program As of February 3, 2006, Dell’s share repurchase program authorized the purchase of up to 1.5 billion shares of common stock at an aggregate cost not to exceed $30 billion. As of February 3, 2006, 123 million shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $4.4 billion were available for future purchases under the share repurchase program. The following are details of repurchases under this program for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006:Dell’s share repurchase program was announced on February 20, 1996; up to 1.5 billion shares of common stock at an aggregate cost not to exceed $30 billion are currently authorized to be purchased.As of February 3, 2006, 123 million shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $4.4 billion were available for future purchases under the share repurchase program.
106Business StrategyCustomers can purchase custom-built products and custom-tailored services.Allows customers to customize products.Strong sales representatives to deal with large businesses and government institutions.Dell is a low-cost leader.Direct-Sales Model:Sells products both to consumers and corporate customers via the Internet and the telephone network.Takes orders directly from customers.Eliminates wholesale and retail dealers that add unnecessary time and cost.Dell maintains a negative cash conversion cycle through use of this model.
107Business StrategyCash conversion cycle: The cash conversion cycle is the number of days between paying for raw materials and receiving the cash from the sale of the goods made from that raw material.Dell has a negative cash conversion cycle because it receives payment from customers before it has to pay suppliers.
108Cash conversion cycle Direct business model allows Dell to minimizing inventory risk while collecting amounts due from customers before paying vendors. This enables the company to generate annual cash flows from operating activities that typically exceed net income.Dell’s direct business model allows it to maintain a leading asset management system in comparison to its major competitors. Dell is capable of minimizing inventory risk while collecting amounts due from customers before paying vendors, thus allowing us to generate annual cash flows from operating activities that typically exceed net income.
109Dell Position Diagram Target Value Segments PropositionHow: Choices / Activity System / Value ChainClose integration w/ suppliersCustomizedCorporate CustomersBuild-to-OrderDesign for Quick ConfigurationMinimal InventoryLarge Outside Sales ForceReliableTransact directly with customers / Bypass Channel (i.e. Wholesalers and retailers)No channel marketing / logistics costsDell.comLow PriceNo channel markupTelephoneMinimal Pre-sales costsCourtesy of Andrew von Nordenflycht
110Value chain for Dell Technology Design Development Manufacturing ProcurementAssemblyDistributionTransportInventoryMarketingRetailingAdvertisingServicePartsLaborDesign for ease of manufactureClose integration w/ suppliersJITCo-locationBuild-to-OrderShip directly to customers from factory – or even from suppliersvia 3rd party shipperDirect interaction with customers / No intermediaryOnline / 800 for corporate & SOHOSales force for corporateLow-cost Supportonline/800Outsource on-site support
111Dell Americas Headquarters: Round Rock, Texas Manufacturing facilities: Austin, Texas, Nashville, Tennessee, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Eldorado do Sul, BrazilRevenue (last four quarters): $36.4 billionQ4 Y/Y revenue growth: 10 percent Market position: No. 1 in United States* Number of employees: 31,100Regional offices in: Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Colombia El Salvador Mexico Panama Puerto Rico
112Dell Asia Pacific - Japan Headquarters: Singapore Manufacturing facilities: Penang, Malaysia; Xiamen, China Revenue (last four quarters): $6.6 billion Q4 Y/Y revenue growth: 21 percent Market position: No. 3 A/P*; No. 3 Japan* Number of employees: A/P 19,400; Japan 1,100Regional offices in: Australia, China, Hong KongIndia, Indonesia, JapanKorea, Malaysia, PhilippinesSingapore, Taiwan, Thailand
113Dell Europe, Middle East and Africa Headquarters: Bracknell, U.K. Manufacturing facilities: Limerick, Ireland Revenue (last four quarters): $12.9 billion Q4 Y/Y revenue growth: 18 percent Market position: No. 2 in Europe* Number of employees: 13,600Regional offices in: Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Czech Republic Denmark, Finland, France, Germany Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland Romania, Russia, Portugal, Scotland Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden Switzerland, Turkey, United Arab Emirates
114Revenues by SegmentAmericas: Revenue declined from 69% in 04 to 67% and 65% in 05 & 06 respectively.EMEA: Increased of 1% every year since 2004.Asia-Pacific-Japan: Increased of 1% every year since 2004.
115product groups Financial Services: Dell Financial Services L.P. (“DFS”), a joint venture between Dell and CIT Group, Inc. (“CIT”).Dell offers various financing alternatives, asset management services, and other customer financial services for its business and consumer customers in the U.S. through Dell Financial Services L.P. (“DFS”), a joint venture between Dell and CIT Group, Inc. (“CIT”).
116Risks Loss of government contracts and big businesses Reliance on suppliersInternational competitions (i.e. Acer, and Japanese PC makers)
117Financial Statements Balance Sheet Income Statement Cash Flow Statement
123Liquidity, Capital Commitments, and Contractual Cash Obligations In fiscal 2006, we continued to maintain strong liquidity with cash flow from operations of $4.8 billion, compared to $5.3 billion in fiscal We ended fiscal 2006 with $11.7 billion in cash and investments, a decrease of $2.4 billion over the prior fiscal year end. The following table summarizes our ending cash, cash equivalents, and investments and the results of our consolidated statements of cash flows for the past three fiscal years
125InvestmentsAs of February 3, 2006, Dell had approximately 385 debt investment positions that had fair values below their carrying values for a period of less than 12 months. The fair value and unrealized losses on these investment positions totaled $2 billion and $27 million, respectively, as of February 3, As of February 3, 2006, Dell had approximately 660 investment positions that had fair values below their carrying values for a period of more than 12 months. The fair value and unrealized losses on these investment positions totaled $2 billion and $45 million, respectively, as of February 3, 2006.
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| 0.915543 | 8,015 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation (rail, ship, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes. The method reduces cargo handling, and so improves security, reduces damage and loss, and allows freight to be transported faster. Reduced costs over road trucking is the key benefit for inter-continental use. This may be offset by reduced timings for road transport over shorter distances.
Intermodal transportation goes back to the 18th century and predates the railways. Some of the earliest containers were those used for shipping coal on the Bridgewater Canal in England in the 1780s. Coal containers (called "loose boxes" or "tubs") were soon deployed on the early canals and railways and were used for road/rail transfers (road at the time meaning horse drawn vehicles).
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| 0.947362 | 183 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Health & Lifestyles
Use diet, exercise to improve health after cancer
For those fortunate enough to survive cancer, living a healthy lifestyle couldn't be more important. While studies are ongoing, there is definitive research showing certain behaviors and foods can help improve long-term health after cancer. Exercise appears to be beneficial for cancer survivors, potentially reducing the risk of a recurrence. It improves mood, increases stamina, decreases anxiety and, in some cases, expedites recovery. Exercise also can help you achieve a desirable body weight, whether you've gained or lost weight during treatment. The American Cancer Society recommends exercising five or more days a week, 30 minutes per session, but lingering side-effects of treatment can delay the best of intentions. So, start with brief sessions, knowing every minute of activity will improve strength and endurance. With the cessation of treatment, normal eating patterns will gradually resume, but most important is food safety at every meal; infection is a big concern among survivors.When dining out, avoid sushi, salad bars, rare meats, fish and shellfish, poultry and eggs, since these items have a greater prevalence of germs. At home, scrub fruit and vegetables well; avoid raw honey and raw juices, selecting pasteurized varieties instead; cook meats thoroughly; and keep your refrigerator and all utensils, cutting boards and counters clean, replacing sponges weekly. Scientists are still uncertain if specific foods can prevent cancer from returning, but epidemiological studies show a diet rich in phytochemicals from fruit, legumes, grains and vegetables may thwart the action of carcinogens. Eating five servings daily of fruit and vegetables should become routine. Dark green, leafy vegetables like Swiss chard, spinach, kale and beet greens are good choices, especially when prepared with garlic. In laboratory tests, the allyl sulfate in garlic has been shown to block the spread of cancer. Fresh herbs such as rosemary, mint, thyme, oregano and basil should not be underestimated; they have documented medicinal properties related to the terpines in their essential oils. Terpines appear to block inflammation by reducing the production of cox-2, the principal enzyme used by cancer cells to cause inflammation. Whole grains such as bulgur, barley, oats and brown rice are a good source of saponins, a water and fat-soluble plant compound that acts like an antibiotic. They may help fight infection and protect you from a recurrence. Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, herring, cod and sardines are good protein sources. They have the added benefit of being rich sources of healthy, omega-3 fatty acids, which play a vital role in boosting immunity. Flax seed, available whole and in meal and flour forms, may also be worth including in your diet. Clinical trials are needed to determine its effectiveness in preventing or treating cancer, but early indications show the lignins in flax may act as mild anti-estrogens. And while evidence of a possible cancer-protective role for vitamin D has also been found in laboratory studies, nothing is conclusive. However, consuming vitamin D-rich foods and beverages such as fortified orange justice, milk and high-fiber, fortified cereals may just decrease the risk of recurrence and improve survival. Tina Ruggiero, M.S., R.D., L.D., is a nutrition expert and award-winning author. Her new book, "The Truly Healthy Family Cookbook," will be available in August. Find Tina at www.TinaRuggiero.com.
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Stressful situations at work can have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system and the metabolism. Stress, which is transmitted by direct and indirect signaling pathways, leads to an inflammatory response in the body, which can trigger cardiovascular diseases, amongst others.
These results, which were achieved by scientists from the Helmholtz Zentrum München following their evaluation of data from a population-based cohort study, were published in the specialist journals Brain, Behavior, and Immunity and Psychosomatic Medicine.
The study is based on a long-term observation of more than 950 people as part of the population-based cohort study MONICA/KORA. The work was conducted by Dr. Rebecca Emeny as part of the Mental Health working group headed by Prof. Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI II) at the Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU). Data was analyzed from questionnaires on psychological stress at work and concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in the blood. The results showed that healthy workers who were exposed to stress at work displayed significantly elevated inflammatory parameters and faced twice the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
More than half of the participants in the study stated that they experienced psychological strain and stress at work. Stress is regarded as a cardiovascular risk factor. Its consequences are communicated directly via activated messenger substances as well as indirectly via unhealthy stress-related behavior. In particular, the scientists found a clear association between stress and elevated concentrations of CRP (C-reactive protein), which is an inflammatory marker, and were thus able to demonstrate a stress-related inflammatory reaction in the body. Moreover, job stress led to harmful psychological effects such as depression and sleep disturbances as well as to unhealthy behavior, for example, physical inactivity. Doing sports regularly, for at least one hour per week, significantly reduced inflammatory activity. However, the differences in terms of health risks between people who suffered from work stress and those who did not still remained.
With their analysis, the scientists at HMGU have made a substantial contribution towards a deeper understanding of stress-related responses in the body. "The insights gained from this study form important starting points for finding preventive measures that will protect against stress-related diseases such as coronary heart disease," says Dr. Emeny, first author of the study.
Environmental factors and lifestyle play a major role in the development of common diseases in Germany such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. The aim of the Helmholtz Zentrum München is to develop new approaches for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of the most common diseases.
The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Centre for Environmental Health. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Cite This Page:
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| 0.959117 | 573 | 2.953125 | 3 |
In a joint, historic proposal to the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Army Corps of Engineers, the Columbia River Tribes and the Canadian First Nations have laid out a thoughtful, achievable, phased plan to restore fish passage at dams, like Grand Coulee, that have blocked salmon, steelhead and other anadromous fish from prime habitat in British Columbia for generations. This is NOT fantasy. If we want salmon, if we want a commerical and recreational fishing industy in the Northwest–this plan must be implemented. Certainly, we have a moral duty to the Tribes to implement the plan, but we also must do so for the economy and environment of this region. Restoring prime fish habitat in British Columbia is crtical to give salmon, and the fishing industry, a fighting chance as the impacts of climate change manifest themselves over the coming decades. We wholeheartedly support and endorse the proposal’s goals. Read the Proposal from U.S. Columbia Basin Tribes and Canadian First Nations here.
CELP has been working with a coalition of environmental organizations, in alliance with the Columbia River Tribes, to urge the State Department to modernize the Columbia River Treaty to include restoring the ecosystem of the basin. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Army Corps of Engineers agreed that the 1964 Treaty, which expires in 2024, should be expanded to include the ecosystem as a third priority—in addition to the current priorities of generating hydropower and flood control.
What does including the ecosystem in the Treaty mean? Well, it could provide an international platform for the United States and Canada to jointly plan for reintroducing salmon to the upper Columbia Basin. Obviously, this is incredibly important to the Columbia River Tribes and First Nations who suffered incalculable cultural, economic, and spiritual losses when dams, like Grand Coulee, were built on the Columbia River without fish ladders—blocking salmon passages above them.
Renegotiating the Treaty is also important in the face of climate change. The best climate science tells us that the United States’ side of the Columbia Basin is going to get significantly warmer in the next decades, and we will continue to lose snowpack that provides the water salmon need. The 49th parallel will then become not just a dividing line between the US and Canada, but a dividing line between where there is and is not snowpack and refuge for fish and wildlife. To keep salmon in the Columbia River basin, and, for that matter, in the greater Northwest, we are going to need to work with Canada to open up this cooler habitat if possible.
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| 0.941159 | 534 | 3.1875 | 3 |
An Overview of Bagasse as a Resource for the Australian Paper Industry
|PDF (61kB) |
The need to reduce Australian pulp and paper imports and the rapid growth in the nearby Asia Pacific region suggest that an opportunity exists for the establishment of a new pulp mill in Australia. However, the economic environment, specifically currency fluctuations, has not been favourable for the large investment required to build a conventional bleached eucalypt kraft pulp mill. An alternative might be to utilize the relatively cheap bagasse produced in the sugar cane producing regions of Australia. Despite compelling economic advantages, no bagasse pulp mill has yet been constructed. The main problems appear to be the perceived lower quality of bagasse pulps, coupled with processing issues.
Citation countsare sourced monthly fromand citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from theindexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Keywords:||Pulp, Bagasse, Paper, Australia, Sugar|
|Subjects:||Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > ENGINEERING (090000) > MATERIALS ENGINEERING (091200) > Timber Pulp and Paper (091210)|
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > ENGINEERING (090000) > MATERIALS ENGINEERING (091200)
|Divisions:||Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Division of Research and Commercialisation|
|Copyright Owner:||Copyright 2004 Agra Informa Ltd.|
|Deposited On:||04 Sep 2006|
|Last Modified:||08 Jun 2012 15:27|
Repository Staff Only: item control page
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The Suquamish are a Lushootseed (Puget Salish) speaking people that traditionally lived along the Kitsap Peninsula, including Bainbridge and Blake Islands, across Puget Sound from present Seattle. Many of the present Suquamish live on the Port Madison Indian Reservation in the reservation towns of Suquamish and Indianola. Today the town of Suquamish is home to a world class new museum, culture center for Native American history and culture, Clearwater Casino Resort, White Horse Golf Course & Club House, Kiana Lodge host of memorable events and weddings.
The beautiful new Suquamish Museum
and Cultural Center are located just up the hill from the Old-Man-House village
site, Suquamish Memorial and restores Chief Seattle Grave Site. Set in a natural landscape of native plants the 9,000 sf space reflects the traditional Big
House architecture of the Coast Salish and houses
the Suquamish Tribes collections of artifacts, photographs and
manuscripts. The public areas offer permanent and temporary Exhibition
spaces, Research space, Education rooms, and a Museum Store. Click for information about visiting and events.
On the shores of Agate Pass in Suquamish is a small site called Old Man House Park. If you want to trace the history of Kitsap Peninsula, this is an excellent place to begin your journey. The major Suquamish winter village was at Old Man House on the shoreline of Agate Passage at d’suq’wub meaning “clear salt water.” The Suquamish name translates into the “people of the clear salt water.”
For the Salish Tribes of the Puget Sound, a single large building served as the center of the community, a place for community living and major events. The original home of the Suquamish, Old Man House, was over 600 feet long and stood in what is now Old Man House Park. The House served our people for generations before being burned down by the government in 1870 following the death of our leader, Chief Seattle.
Today, the center of the Suquamish cultural resurgence is the new Suquamish Community House, sgwәdzadad qәł ?altxw -The House of Awakened Culture, modeled after its historic predecessor the Old Man House. The new 13,169 square foot Suquamish Community House, shown above, features
traditional-style architecture and materials, such as eight house posts
carved in the Coastal Salish style and cedar siding. Like Old Man House,
it is located on the waterfront in Suquamish.
The Community House and its adjoining outdoor area is used for a wide
variety of community-building programs that teach and celebrate our
living culture. Community members can participate in Lushootseed
language classes, traditional weaving and carving.
Suquamish Tribe Canoe Journey
The sgwәdzadad qәł ?altxw was the center of the 2009 Tribal Canoe Journey Hosting. The Tribe hosted more than 10,000 people from all over the Pacific Northwest, Canada and Alaska.
Youth Canoe Journey
trainings, regalia making, and song and dance practice in the Community
House. In addition, the Tribe, its guests and others will use the
Community House as a location for traditional ceremonies and modern
celebrations that mark life's milestones, such as honoring, graduations,
family reunions, weddings and funerals.
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| 0.926331 | 757 | 2.578125 | 3 |
In the suburban areas, homes with backyards are full of squirrels and chipmunks running through the trees and often found in the attics. Many of us do not know what the difference between these two creatures is. Both are mammals, having furry bodies and bushy tails, both feed on a nutty diet, and belong to the same biological family. Since most of the things are common, it is tough to distinguish between the two. The apparent features and look of both leave the person watching them baffled. However, with careful observation and study, it becomes clear, that both of them hardly share any common feature except for the biological family.
Chipmunks are smaller in size as compared to the squirrels. Unlike the squirrels that stay either on the ground or in the tree trunks, the chipmunks dig holes in the ground or prepare the nests. It is just like comparison and contrast between the mouse and the rat. Chipmunks are mostly found in the North American and the Asian Region. They are distinguished for having small stripes all over their body. These stripes run all over their head, back, and the tail. Their classification is either based on the single genus named Tamias or the three of them. In contrast with the chipmunks, the ground squirrels are usually found in the wooded or the rocky areas. They have stripes all over the body but not on the head, which helps to differentiate them from the chipmunks. Their eyes have a beautiful white ring around them too. Their tails are prominent than the chipmunks because of the comparatively larger size of the tail.
Despite these differences, the standard features that are found in all include the furry bodies and short ears.
Table of Contents
Squirrels and chipmunks both belong to the rodent family called Sciuridae. This family is characterized because of the rodents that are either small or medium sized. As far as the chipmunks are considered they have 25 species mostly found in North America. There are some species native to the Asian regions of Siberia. On the contrary, the squirrels have 285 species which are typical residents of South and North America, Africa and Eurasia. Chipmunks are usually living near the outskirts of the woodlands and the backyards. The squirrels on the other can accommodate all kinds of habitats except for those with extreme weather conditions like the deserts and the polar region. Despite some biological and environmental differences, they both play an integral part in the pollination of the various plants. The core areas of difference between the two are as follows:
1. Color of the fur
Although both of these groups have fur covering their bodies, yet they are easily identifiable due to the color of the fur and the shades. The chipmunks have a brownish appearance. Their brown fur has yellow, black and brown stripes that extend the entire body starting from the head to the tail and run all over the body. On the other hand, the two most abundant categories of squirrels are ground squirrels and the tree squirrels, they have stripes only on the back. The fur is usually brown, gray or red in color. In the later type of the squirrels, there are no stripes.
2. Shape and size
The squirrels look larger than the chipmunk. The size of the squirrel varies from species to species. The gray squirrels measure from 18 to 20 inches with an average weight of 1.5 pounds. Usually, the squirrels are slender. Their eyes are large, and tails are bushy. Chipmunks have comparatively smaller bodies ranging from 7.2 to 8.5 inches in length whereas the range of body weight is 1.1 to 1.8 ounces. The eyes are similar to the squirrels. The tip of the tail is bushy.
The major elements in the diet of the squirrel are acorns, seeds, buds, bark, fungi, pine cones, leaves and nuts. If the aforesaid items are scarce and the stated sources are not available, then some squirrels like to have tiny insects and small vertebrates as their food. The chipmunks eat both the plantation and the small animals. Thus it is appropriate to define them as omnivores.
Sounds are produced by both the squirrels and the chipmunks. The primary purpose of the sound is to alert the other members of the community to any danger. So we can say these vocals are the means of communication. The sounds produced by the chipmunks are more like birds. They cluck and sometimes produce high-pitched sounds for the sake of conversation. The pitch of the sound is different in squirrels. Their sounds are more like duck quack and the whistling sounds.
Chipmunks dig burrows in the ground usually 30 feet deep. The ground squirrels prefer living on the ground. The nesting of the tree squirrels is mostly found on the tree trunks where there are openings. The squirrels can be a real problem in the populated areas as they cause a lot of nuisance by staying in the houses. The chimneys, attics and the bird feeders are their favorite places.
The chipmunks give birth to two litters in one year. Their mating time is generally at the start of the spring season and the final days of the summer. The pregnancy period of a female chipmunk is 31 days. They end up giving birth to 2 to 6 young ones. On the other hand, after a gestation of 35 to 41 days, the squirrels give birth to 2 to 8 babies.
The average life of a chipmunk in the natural habitat is three years, while those in the custody can survive for nine years. The statistics for squirrels show 4 to 9 years life cycle in the wild and 11 to 19 years in detention.
The squirrels are further classified into five subfamilies that are further classified into 58 genera and 285 species. Chipmunks, on the other hand, have a single genus, Tamias, or sometimes it has three families namely: Tamias, (eastern chipmunk); Eutamias (Siberian chipmunk); and Neotamias (23 western species).
In both the squirrels and the chipmunks, the length of the hind limbs is more than the forelimbs. The primary difference is easily traceable in the number of toes in both creatures. The squirrels have four to five toes of each foot. They have a thumb also. This thumb is not properly developed. There are soft pads under the feet too. It is imperative to mention the claws which are so versatile that they can easily get hold of the trees while they are climbing. In the case of the chipmunks, there are four to five toes. The claws are well developed too. So there is not much difference except the squirrel has more ability to grasping and climbing.
Squirrels have the potential to survive a variety of habitats which includes the tropical rain forests and the semi-desert areas. The only places where they do not exist are the dry deserts and the frozen polar regions. Whereas, chipmunks are the species of the North American region and some parts of the Asian Siberia and ideal habitat for the species are deciduous forests. The living areas of the squirrels vary from species to species. The tree squirrels prefer to live in the hollow parts of the trees made out of the natural phenomenon or due to the woodpeckers tapping habit. If these hollows are nonexistent, they can make their own. Usually, the burrows are either spherical or cup-shaped hollow and are seen in the attics and the nest boxes. The ground squirrels prefer in the burrows dug into the ground. These measure 4 inches in diameter. Some burrows can spread over the length of 5 to 30 feet or even more. The squirrel presence can be identified with the heap of the dirt piled near the burrow. One burrow is meant for a single family. Chipmunks on the other hand dig burrows under the hard structures like rocks, logs shelters and sometimes under the shrubs. Their burrows are well protected and difficult to find out. These are 3.5 m long. There is one burrow for one chipmunk because they prefer living alone.
The squirrels give birth to their offspring two times a year. The number of offspring born to the squirrels varies from species to species. This happens after the completion of the gestation period of three to six years. Chipmunks mate two times in a year, once in spring then in the early summer. The offspring born are four or five, and this happens annually.
Squirrels give birth to naked offspring that are devoid of teeth and the eyesight. It is the responsibility of the female squirrel to keep a close eye on the family and take care of them until they are grown ups. The offspring of the chipmunks are also similar to the squirrels as they are born blind, and this state continues until the 31st or the 33rd day of their life.
Squirrels are known for their eyesight. They are also distinguished for the good sense of touch. Their teeth are sharp which are used for gnawing and grinding. The cheek teeth have wide gap referred as a diastema. The teeth of the chipmunks are not much different. The squirrels are known for collecting the food that includes the nuts and the acorns. They keep it safe for the winters proceeding. These creatures do not hibernate in winters. The chipmunks have an interesting feature of cheek pouches that helps them carry the desired food to the burrows and then keep it safe. The chipmunks living in the eastern region and hibernate in the winters, but those in the western part do not. The chipmunks are usually active in the daytime because they are diurnal. The squirrels are nocturnal. There are a number of similarities between the chipmunks and the squirrels in their behavior that makes it difficult to recognize them.
Differences of ways of how to control them
Squirrels and the Chipmunks both can be a real problem for the populations. They are the tiny mischievous rodents that can harm both the natural environment and the public areas. Once they hit the attics and the interiors they can cause great problems. The tree squirrels are tough to control. The control methods of both the chipmunk and the squirrels vary from state to state and country to country keeping in view the level of endangerment. The usual methods available for the both of them include exclusion, trapping, use of chemicals and shooting. They are silent intruders that look for the openings. Therefore it is essential to block the open passages that give them the way.
Both squirrels and chipmunks are the tiny rodents that can be seen running around in the lawns and the backyards. Distinguishing between them is difficult due to many similar characteristics. As they both belong to the same rodent family, therefore many habits are similar as those of diet and habitat. The fundamental difference between the both is witnessed through the tail. It is the first apparent feature to distinguish between them. The squirrel has a long bushy tail as compared to chipmunks. These are fascinating creatures that have several distinguishing features.
In short both have differences, but still, they are hard to identify from each other. The chipmunks and squirrels make a significant element of the natural habitat. They are an integral part of the pollination making it easy for the seeds and spores to spread.
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Welcome to 98000 amps to watts, short for 98000 amperes to watts. You have also come to the right page if you have been wondering how many watts is 98000 amps. To get 98000 amps in watts in case of direct current (DC), the only thing we have to know is the potential difference in volts (V). In contrast, for the transformation of 98000 amps to watts with alternating current (AC), we additionally have to know the power factor, the number of phases and perhaps the voltage type.
Convert 98000 Amps to Watts
To convert 98000 amps to watts, by that changing current (I) to power (P), first learn about the criteria. Then apply the corresponding 98000 amps (A) to watts (W) formula further down.
For the conversion of 98000 amps to watts, find out if your electric current is of type direct or alternating flow of electric charge, as explained in details on our page Amps to Watts.
In case of an alternating current, the 98000 amps watts transformation is different for a single-phase and three-phase system. However, the power factor is needed for both.
Moreover, for a three phase electrical generation, line to line voltage and line to neutral voltage require a different constant to convert 98000 amps to watts, (√3) and 3, respectively.
- DC: P(W) = 98000 A × V(V)
- AC, Single Phase: P(W) = 98000 A × PF × V(V)
- AC, Three Phase, Line to Line Voltage: P(W) = 98000 A × √3 × PF × VL-L(V)
- AC, Three Phase, Line to Neutral Voltage: P(W) = 98000 A × 3 × PF × VL-0(V)
In an alternating current circuit, the power factor (PF) is equal to the real power P = I2R divided by the apparent power, 0 ≤ PF ≤ 1; here I = 98000 A, R = resistance.
In the next section we will show you some 98000 amps to watts calculation examples. There, you can also find our calculator. Note that all results on this page are rounded to two decimals.
Next, we’ll answer what is the power consumption in watts if the current is 98000 A and the voltage supply is 110 V?
98000 Amps to Watts Conversion
As can be concluded from the formulas, in order to convert 98000 amps in watts the voltage must be known, too. Supposed the PF is 0.5, and assumed the voltage is 110 V, we obtain these result:
- DC: P = 98000 A × 110 V = 10780000 W
- AC, Single Phase: P = 98000 A × 0.5 × 110 V AC2= 5390000 W
- AC, Three Phase, Line to Line Voltage: AC2P = 98000 A × √3 × 0.5 × 110 V = 9335753.85 W
- AC, Three Phase, Line to Neutral Voltage: P = 98000 A × 3 × 0.5 × 110 V = 16170000 W
In place of employing the formulas, utilize our amps to watts converter. Enter, for instance, 98000 for the current in amps, and note that in any case your voltage in volts is also required.
Subject to your selected current and the number of phases, in addition to the power factor, the voltage type may has to be inserted as well to transform 98000 amp to watt.
Bookmark us now if this calculator has been useful to you. Apart from ninety-eight thousand amps to watts, similar current to power conversions on our website include:
98000 Amperes to Watts
If you have been googling how many watts is 98000 amps, then you have gotten all the information here. Below you can see the frequently asked question on the subject matter:
- How many watts in 98000 amps?
- 98000 amps how many watts?
- How many watts for 98000 amps?
- How many watts in a 98000 amps?
- How many watts per 98000 amps?
As you know, the answer to the equation 98000 amp = watt depends on various parameters:
How many watts is 98000 amps at 240 volts, for instance, has a single answer for direct current (DC), yet three possible results in case of alternating current (AC).
In the sequence of our explanations as well as in the order of the drop-down menu, assumed the power factor is 0.5, they are 23520000, 11760000, 20368917.5 and 35280000 watts, respectively.
Similarly, 98000 amps at 220 volts to watts is 21560000, 10780000, 18671507.71, 32340000 watts, and, finally, 98000 amps to watts 120 volts is 11760000, 5880000, 10184458.75 and 17640000 watts, respectively.
Take notice that you can also find many conversions, including 98000 amp to watts, using the search form in the sidebar. Insert, for example, 98000 amps to watts calculator.
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Fast Fashion and its Impact on the Environment
Fast fashion refers to the unsustainable practice of producing usually inexpensive garments in high volumes at a rapid pace to satisfy the latest catwalk and seasonal fashion trends. Popular companies which actively practice this include Zara, H&M and Topshop. With the growing use of social media, the marketing and reach of fast fashion is even more advertised, amplified and available to the consumer population.
The fast fashion industry lies on two pillars:
- The first pillar involves taking designer pieces and creating cheaper models and similar versions.
- The second pillar involves the process referred to as “dynamic assortment”, in which the company creates new products every day. The Inditex company, which is the holding company for Zara, has stated in its 2018 annual report that it had produced 1,597,260,495 pieces of garments and retailed them in 7,490 stores.
The video entitled The Ugly Truth of Fast Fashion-Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj exposes the damaging consequences of the fast fashion industry. The devastatingly poor working conditions of industry workers, the vast amount of pollution and the overuse of water and other resources are only a few of the negative impacts involved in the industry. It is already known that the textile industry in itself contributes heavily to pollution due to the use of chemicals in production and across the lifecycle. These chemicals pollute water sources waters, soil and air causing serious damage to environmental and human health. End-of-life pathways for clothing waste are also a significant problem as 87% of waste ends up in landfills or incinerated.
Another problematic issue is the ongoing green-washing concerns inflicted on stakeholders and consumers by falsely made branding claims. Indeed, brands such as an H&M or Zara are unfortunately misinforming consumers regarding their environmentally-friendly self-claimed standards and other motivations. For example, H&M has a recycling program which provides customers engaging in the program a store discount; the objective is to recycle 10% of the clothes collected, which at first may seem like a sustainable initiative but on closer inspection proves to be quite misleading. Furthermore, H&M and Zara both have eco-friendly lines which provide false claims of their environmental impact.
In the aforementioned video, host Hasan Minhaj encouraged the public to use their clothing for longer periods of time or opt to buy secondhand. By adopting such small and simple habits, we have the power to make immense positive changes.
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In the vast tapestry of human communication, words are but one thread in the intricate weave of expression. Beyond the spoken or written language lies a realm rich with nuanced cues that convey emotions, intentions, and unspoken narratives. This hidden language, known as nonverbal communication, forms an essential component of our daily interactions, often revealing more than words alone can express. In this exploration, we embark on a journey into the fascinating world of nonverbal communication, dissecting its significance and unraveling the tapestry of ten distinct types of nonverbal cues. From the subtle nuances of facial expressions to the unspoken eloquence of body language, we delve into real-life examples to decipher the silent symphony that shapes our understanding of the messages that surround us. Join us as we decode the unspoken and illuminate the profound impact of nonverbal communication on the intricate dance of human connection.
What is Nonverbal Communication?
Nonverbal communication refers to the transmission of messages without the use of spoken or written words. It encompasses a wide range of cues, both intentional and unintentional, that enhance or contradict verbal communication. Understanding these cues is essential for effective interpersonal communication, as they can provide insight into emotions, attitudes, and intentions.
The 10 Types of Nonverbal Communication
The spectrum of human communication extends far beyond the spoken or written word. Nonverbal communication, a diverse and subtle language in itself, encompasses a myriad of cues that enrich and, at times, complicate the messages we convey. Let’s delve into the 10 primary types of nonverbal communication, each offering a unique lens through which we interpret and express meaning in our interactions.
1. Facial Expressions
Facial expressions are powerful indicators of emotions. A smile can convey happiness, while a furrowed brow might signal confusion or concern. Consider a job interview where a candidate’s genuine smile expresses enthusiasm and confidence.
2. Body Language
Body language includes gestures, posture, and movements. A person leaning forward might indicate interest, while crossed arms could suggest defensiveness or discomfort. In a negotiation setting, open and relaxed body language can foster trust and cooperation.
3. Eye Contact
Eye contact is a vital nonverbal cue that can convey sincerity, attentiveness, or even deception. In a conversation, maintaining appropriate eye contact shows engagement and interest, while avoiding it may suggest discomfort or dishonesty.
Hand movements and gestures can emphasize or complement verbal messages. For instance, a thumbs-up gesture communicates approval or agreement, while a pointing finger directs attention. In a multicultural setting, being aware of cultural differences in gestures is crucial to avoid misunderstandings.
Posture reflects one’s level of confidence, authority, or submission. Consider a manager addressing their team with an upright and open posture, projecting confidence and approachability. Conversely, a slouched posture may convey a lack of interest or self-assurance.
Proxemics refers to the use of personal space in communication. Different cultures have varying norms regarding personal space, influencing comfort levels. In a crowded public transport setting, individuals may adjust their proxemics to navigate the shared space without causing discomfort.
Touch is a powerful form of nonverbal communication, conveying emotions ranging from comfort to aggression. A comforting pat on the back during a challenging moment can provide support, while an unwelcome touch may provoke discomfort or offense.
Paralinguistics involves the vocal elements of speech, such as tone, pitch, and speed. A friendly and upbeat tone can enhance a positive message, while a monotone voice may convey boredom or lack of enthusiasm.
Personal appearance, including clothing and grooming, contributes to nonverbal communication. In professional settings, dressing appropriately can convey competence and professionalism, while a casual appearance might be suitable for a more relaxed environment.
Silence can be a powerful nonverbal cue, indicating contemplation, discomfort, or agreement. During a negotiation, a thoughtful pause can signal that a decision is being considered, while an awkward silence may suggest tension or disagreement.
Let’s explore these nonverbal cues in action through real-life scenarios:
1. Job Interview
In a job interview, the candidate’s facial expressions, body language, and eye contact all play crucial roles. A firm handshake and maintaining eye contact convey confidence while fidgeting or avoiding eye contact may raise concerns.
2. Cross-Cultural Meeting
During an international business meeting, participants must be mindful of cultural differences in gestures and proxemics. A gesture that is acceptable in one culture might be offensive in another, and understanding these nuances promotes effective communication.
3. Conflict Resolution
In a conflict resolution session, open and non-threatening body language can help defuse tension. Mirroring the other person’s gestures and maintaining a calm tone contribute to a positive atmosphere, fostering better understanding and resolution.
Nonverbal communication is an intricate and integral aspect of human interaction. Understanding and interpreting these cues can significantly enhance communication effectiveness. From job interviews to international negotiations, being attuned to nonverbal signals allows individuals to navigate various social situations with finesse. As we continue to explore and appreciate the nuances of nonverbal communication, we gain valuable insights into the unspoken language that shapes our everyday interactions.
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If you’ve ever had to place map elements like north arrows, text or scalebars on an ArcGIS made map, you know how they can get lost in the background of imagery or some other basemap. You can always try to change the items color or size to make it stand out. But the easier and more effective method is to change its background color to a solid color like white.
The problem with doing that is the background extent only stretches to the edges of its element. There is no padding between the element edge and the background edge. Thankfully, ArcMap provides us with the ability to set a gap between the two edges.
How to fix it
In ArcMap, right-click or double-click on the element to open its properties. Open the Borders and Background tab and select your backround color from the dropdown. Next, change the X and Y values next to “Gap”. The higher the number, the more padding you’ll get between element and background edge. You can also apply a “Rounding” percentage value to give your background panel rounded corners. That’s all it takes to make your ArcGIS map easier to read and more professional looking.
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New Eiffel–United Kingdom Border
The small European micronation of the Principality of New Eiffel was entirely enclaved within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Sharing a border of some 156 metres (511 feet), the rectangle-shaped principality had four named borders designated by the four cardinal directions (points of the compass), three of which had border barriers for their entire lengths. The longest, the New Eiffel–United Kingdom North and South Borders, were 68.2 metres (224 feet) long and had no border crossings. The East Border (nicknamed the "main border") was the most frequently crossed border, with between 950 and 1,300 documented crossings annually. The West Border ("back border") was the most fortified border, and had only 20 to 45 crossings annually.
The territory which New Eiffel claimed was located in the Greater London administrative area of England, a constitute state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. A predecessor state to the Principality of New Eiffel, the Republic of New Finland, was founded on 31 December 2017 and laid claim to the rectangle-shaped British territory on 4 January 2018. It was succeeded by the Kingdom of New Finland on 4 June and finally by New Eiffel on 11 August. All borders was slightly redefined in a minor territorial change on 8 May 2019. Following New Eiffel's dissolution on 1 November 2020 after a nearly year-long crisis, all borders were dissolved, and the territory succeeded back to the United Kingdom.
Sharing a border of some 156 metres (511 feet) with the United Kingdom, the rectangle-shaped principality had four named borders designated by the four cardinal directions (points of the compass), three of which had border barriers for their entire lengths. The New Eiffel–United Kingdom North and South Borders were the longest, both at 68.2 metres (224 feet). They had ho border crossings due to being adjacent to private property on the British side. Both borders had a hedgerow barrier consisting of bush and trees for 10 metres (33 feet), as well as a wooden fence for 40 metres (131 feet). The barrier for the North Border also consisted of a structure on the British side, as did the South Border; the latter also continued through a wall between the semi-detached Main Building and a house on the British side.
The East Border—nicknamed the "main border" for its prominence—was the most crossed border annually, with between 950 and 1,300 documented crossings. The crossing had no gate, while the barrier was a small brick wall with a metal topper. Fronting the border on the New Eiffelic side were three potted plants and lights for decoration. The West Border—known locally as the "back border"—was the most fortified border, and had only 20 to 45 crossings annually. The barrier, a metal fence with sharp spikes and anti-climb paint, was built to replace the previous rotted wooden border fence in mid-February 2019 following a break-in in the neighbouring house on the British side. The gate, located at the centre and leading to the Main Route 1's ǃkhās Street, was permanently locked and required a key to open.
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| 0.980356 | 668 | 3.328125 | 3 |
A buyer's guide to rowing machines
The rowing machine is one of the most complete aerobic activities, and for this reason it is a piece of fitness apparatus that offers numerous and varied benefits:
- · Workout is guaranteed with mild impact on the leg joints.
- · Tones the muscles, strengthens the cardiovascular function and increases stamina.
- · Involves a large part of the body: shoulders, arms, glutes, legs, abs and back.
- · Provides high level calorie burning and is an excellent complement to a weight loss programme.
- · Builds up stamina intensely and efficiently when practising any activity.
- · Like all aerobic exercise, it improves lung capacity, the heart and circulation systems.
- · Allows performance monitoring and adjustment of training rhythm.
- · Does not apply tension to the back or to the joints.
- · Increases the amount of endorphins released in the body, thus reducing stress.
- · Improves mobility and develops a correct posture.
When purchasing a rowing machine, we have to bear in mind certain technical aspects of the machine as well as the characteristics and functions, such as:
- 1) Rowing type according to brake type
- 2) Rowing type according to structure
- 3) Dimensions
- 4) Maximum Weight
- 5) Console and Programs
1) Rowing Type according to brake system
Hydraulic Rowing Machine: the brake of a hydraulic rowing machine is activated by fan with blades that is submerged in a water tank. As you pull the handles back to workout, these blades turn and generate resistance, also providing a real rowing sensation. You can fill the tank with more or less water to adjust the resistance.
Air Rowing Machine: for an air rowing machine braking is activated through a flywheel similar to a fan blade. When you pull the handles, this wheel turns and produces wind resistance. Therefore, the faster and harder you row, the greater the resistance you generate. So you can always control the training resistance. As with the hydraulic rowing machine, a real rowing sensation is achieved.
Magnetic Rowing Machine: the brake of a rowing machine with a magnetic brake is generated by magnets that provide braking resistance in a flywheel, obtaining constant, silent and smooth exercise. In this type of rowing the resistance is adjusted by the distance between the magnets and the flywheel.
2) Rowing Type according to structure
Central Pull Rowing Machine: central pull rowing uses a single pull technique, as you pull inwards with a sole movement. The lever movement is not guided and ensures a symmetrical pull and great fluidity in the workout.
Cross Pull Rowing Machine: the cross pull rowing machine uses a technique with two rowing levers, and the movement is crossed. The movement is partially guided, as the run of the levers is predetermined. Its main aim is to perfect the rowing technique.
Crossed and Circular Pull Rowing Machine (Scandinavian): the Scandinavian rowing machine, just like the crossed pull rowing machine, uses a technique with two rowing levers. The difference between them lies in the movement being completely guided, as the run of the levers is also predetermined. In this case, the aim is also to simulate rowing on a boat.
Central pull rowing machines are designed for complete cardiovascular exercise and to be included in every training plan, while cross pull and Scandinavian rowing machines aim to simulate rowing in boats and to train for competitions. Therefore, according to the purpose of your exercise, you may choose one or another.
Before opting for one model or another, you should check the dimensions to ensure that you have enough room for it.
Some models, even foldable ones, are extremely robust.
4) Maximum user weight
As with other cardiovascular apparatus, rowing machines also have a maximum weight limit.
It is very important to respect this limit to guarantee long term good use, and to ensure that the work is as efficient as possible.
5) Console and Programs
The console provides relevant information such as: length of the exercise, rhythm, strokes, number of calories burnt, etc. Information that will enable you to monitor your progress in the workout. The console of a rowing machine also includes different workout programs to make the exercise enjoyable and more attractive.
Information and programs vary according to the model of rowing machine.
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Cecelia Hodges. Coloring Pages. August 30th , 2020.
As you can see, when it comes to coloring and animals for elementary school children there is no limit to the creative ideas out there. Try brainstorming to come up with your own animal coloring craft ideas. Ask your students for good ideas-sometimes elementary school kids are the best source of ideas for teaching methods. Try different activities and figure out which ones really excite your students. A good animal coloring activity can really improve the level of enthusiasm in a class.
Preschool teachers do the same activity by indulging the kids into such varieties of arts. It is a great trick to keep the child busy along with enhancing their creativity and imagination. The only thing to consider is that it becomes difficult to find the best printable pages which you are looking over internet. There are a variety of topics and thus it becomes not so easy to choose the best. These pages can be obtained on each and every kind of topic. There are some creative ways to find the free printable coloring pages.
Animal coloring books. Find fun animal coloring books that provide an array of different animals for the students to color. Don’t just settle for the same old animals; look for coloring books with exotic animals. This not only provides some variety, but it also provides a great learning opportunity. The children will learn a great deal about new animals and their environments. Dinosaurs are also a very popular animal among young children. Find out which animals the kids like and provide them with coloring books specific to their interests.
Do you like to color? If you haven’t done so you may wish to try your coloring techniques on a new hobby called coloring for adults. Its popularity started out as means of occupying your idle time while traveling or waiting your turn for an appointment at the doctor’s or dentist’s office. This new craze has gone beyond its use for doodling or a form of activity for relaxation, or an activity for the elderly. Hobbyists are finding this to be a fun activity and are using their finished art pieces in craft projects.
Help improves Concentration, In children, you can speed up their concentration process by giving them time-long activities to do, of which educational coloring pages is chief. When children sit for long coloring pages to print, it helps the child keep his on one thing and will certainly develop his overall concentration level as time goes on.
Well, if the coloring pages and books that Old People–those of us past the age of twenty-five–used back in the days before they invented weather and when we all knew what a telephone cord was are fading out of mind, they are being reborn on the Internet. Children’s coloring pages are all over the place online. A whole new dimension of coloring and drawing has been opened up with the advent of the Internet.
What are the most popular preschool coloring pages for kids? Utilizing colors could be an excellent way to inculcate the nature, trees, water bodies, and other environmental surroundings with ease. Kids learn faster through outdoor fun activities, by make use of nature you can introduce vibrant colors to your kids. You can also plan a visit to the nearest zoo, to make your younger ones understand the animal coloring worksheets. Earth coloring pages or worksheets or activity books could be the easy to use option for parents and preschool teachers. Food drawing worksheets, animated drawing worksheets, Alphabets drawing worksheets and many more are available online in printable coloring pages format.
Any content, trademark/s, or other material that might be found on this site that is not this site property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does LocalHost claim ownership or responsibility for such items and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.
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â?¢ Discuss the development of moral values from middle childhood into adolescence.
â?¢ Summarize one theory related to human growth and development and identify at least two influential theorists in relation to the middle childhood and adolescence time period.
â?¢ Explain how heredity and the environment influence human development in relation to the middle childhood and adolescence time period.
In the growth and development of the human being one has to go through different stages before they reach the full grown state. The middle childhood and adolescence stage in life corresponds with the time when the children are in elementary or middle school. They are in the (5-13) age group category. At this time the children experience a lot of changes both physically and socially. It is at this stage that the 'children' receive less attention from the stage where they used to get full attention from their parents (Stages of, 2011).
As research has shown it is at this stage that the behavior of the individual is established as the individuals gains the understanding of how the world operates. In the history of development this stage has not been considered an important stage. This is because at this stage, the sexual urges are not active and no significant personality changes are made at this stage. In the present times that thinking has been overturned when the recent theorists recognized the significance that this stage holds. It is at this stage that the cognitive skills are developed, personalities are molded and interpersonal relationships are established (Adolescent Development, 2011).
Family and peer relationships influence in future development:
The family is the initial setup that the child encounters. It is the mother and father who teach the child about the 'world out there' which they will experience later. The family is then the first social setting the child will experience. It hence influences how the person ...
This solution expresses changes during middle childhood and adolescence periods.
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The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets
68 Pages Posted: 17 Apr 1998 Last revised: 17 Nov 2017
Date Written: January 1998
Why are many storefronts in Moscow empty while street kiosks in front are full of goods? This article develops a theory of anticommons property to help explain the puzzle of empty storefronts and full kiosks. Anticommons property can be understood as the mirror image of commons property. By definition, in a commons, multiple owners are each endowed with the privilege to use a given resource, and no one has the right to exclude another. When too many owners hold such privileges of use, the resource is prone to overuse ? a tragedy of the commons. Depleted fisheries and overgrazed fields are canonical examples of this familiar tragedy. In an anticommons, multiple owners are each endowed with the right to exclude others from a scarce resource, and no one has an effective privilege of use. When too many owners hold such rights of exclusion, the resource is prone to underuse ? a tragedy of the anticommons. Empty Moscow storefronts are a canonical example of the tragedy of underuse. Anticommons property may appear whenever governments define new property rights in both post-socialist and developed market economies. Once an anticommons emerges, collecting rights into usable private property bundles can be brutal and slow. The difficulties of overcoming a tragedy of the anticommons suggest that policymakers should pay more attention to the content of property bundles, rather than focusing just on the clarity of rights.
JEL Classification: H4
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
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Beginning from Windows Vista, each editions of Windows operating system is available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions (x86 and x64 are terms used by Microsoft), making the 64-bit OS option a widely available choice going forward. And with almost all CPU processor and motherboard nowadays is x64 based which capable of running 64-bit OS, it presents hard decision to consumers to decide and pick whether 32-bit or 64-bit versions of Windows Vista is suitable choice.
Microsoft publishes KB946765 which details the main differences between 32-bit and 64-bit Windows Vista, which mainly relate to memory accessibility, memory management, and enhanced security features, as listed in table below.
|Architecture||Windows Vista, 32-bit versions||Windows Vista, 64-bit versions|
|System requirements||1-gigahertz (GHz) 32-bit (x86) processor or 64-bit (x64) processor,|
512 MB of RAM
|1-GHz 64-bit (x64) processor, 1 GB of RAM (4 GB recommended)|
|Memory access||A 32-bit version of Windows Vista can access up to 4 GB of RAM.||A 64-bit version of Windows Vista can access from 1 GB of RAM to more than 128 GB of RAM.|
|Memory access per edition||All 32-bit versions of Windows Vista can access up to 4 GB of RAM.||Windows Vista Home Basic – 8 GB of RAM|
Windows Vista Home Premium – 16 GB of RAM
Windows Vista Business – 128 GB of RAM or more
Windows Vista Enterprise – 128 GB of RAM or more
Windows Vista Ultimate – 128 GB of RAM or more
|DEP||32-bit versions of Windows Vista use a software-based version of DEP.||64-bit versions of Windows Vista support hardware-backed DEP.|
|Kernel Patch Protection (PatchGuard)||This feature is not available in 32-bit versions of Windows Vista.||This feature is available in 64-bit versions of Windows Vista. Kernel Patch Protection helps prevent a malicious program from updating the Windows Vista kernel. This feature works by helping to prevent a kernel-mode driver from extending or replacing other kernel services. Also, this feature helps prevent third-party programs from updating (patching) any part of the kernel.|
|Driver signing||Unsigned drivers may be used with 32-bit versions of Windows Vista.||64-bit versions of Windows Vista require that all device drivers be digitally signed by the developer.|
|32-bit driver support||32-bit versions of Windows Vista support 32-bit drivers that are designed for Windows Vista.||64-bit versions of Windows Vista do not support 32-bit device drivers.|
|16-bit program support||32-bit versions of Windows Vista support 16-bit programs, in part.||64-bit versions of Windows Vista do not support 16-bit programs.|
If you value the benefits and advantages of switching and embracing 64-bit Windows Vista, here’s a few considerations to ponder before making the move to install x64 Windows Vista:
- 64-bit device drivers may not be available for one or more devices in the computer.
- Device drivers must be digitally signed.
- 32-bit device drivers are not supported.
- 32-bit programs may not be fully compatible with a 64-bit operating system.
- It may be difficult to locate programs that are written specifically for a 64-bit operating system.
- Not all hardware devices may be compatible with a 64-bit version of Windows Vista.
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Learning the alphabet is one of the most important aspects in the development of a young child’s language skills. With each new letter discovered and memorized, your child takes a new step towards mastering a fun and intriguing language.
And if your child is currently exploring the world of a new alphabet, why not surround their education with an interactive learning activity to keep it fun and exciting. Here’s a great way that you can combine learning letters with a hunt for hidden treasure.
Learn Letters in the Outdoors
For this kids activity you will need a full list of the letters of the alphabet. These can be paper cutouts, or even toys used in the bathtub, but it is best that they can be handled by the children for a fully interactive experience.
Once you have the letters laid out in a row, explain to your children that they must find an object around the house or the yard that begins with each letter. Help them out with the first letter, A – bring them an apple or another item, and make sure to place it next to the letter A so that they understand the connection between the letters. Let them continue on their own, and give help if necessary or correct their spelling mistakes. Don’t worry if they cannot find items to correspond with difficult letters like Q or X – just make sure they can name a few correct things.
This fun kids activity will let your children search for regular
indoor or outdoor items while they learn the basics of spelling.
Rainy Day Learning Activity
Sometimes you don’t have the option to play in the backyard, but this doesn’t mean that you can’t still have an alphabet treasure hunt to entertain and educate your children.
For this different kids activity, you will need 26 pieces of white paper, colored pencils, and any other arts and crafts supplies that your children enjoy using. At the top of each page, have your children draw one of the 26 letters of the alphabet. If they still struggle with forming the letters, help by guiding their hands, and make sure that they draw both the small and capital forms.
Once your children are finished writing the letters, have them draw anything that begins with the same as the letter at the top of the page – and encourage them to use their imaginations! If your children love animals, have them draw an alligator under the letter A. If your children like fairytales, suggest that they draw a unicorn under the letter U. Whatever they decide upon, help your children write out the full word under their drawing so that they can memorize the correct spelling. Once finished, let them decorate their new drawings with any arts and crafts supplies you have, and keep the drawings in a convenient spot around the house for an educational reference.
As your child continues to grow and begins to understand the new concept of language, it is imperative that you introduce them to the basics of spelling and reading. These fun learning activities are a great hands-on way to have some fun with your family while learning the ABCs.
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| 0.944781 | 625 | 3.59375 | 4 |
According to new government data, the U.S. is experiencing more mumps cases this year than the country has seen annually in a decade. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that, as of November 5, the U.S. has seen 2,879 cases of mumps in 45 states and Washington, D.C., this year. By comparison, there were a little over 1,000 cases reported last year.
Mumps is a highly contagious disease that’s caused by a virus that is spread through saliva and mucus. It used to cause up to 186,000 cases a year, but the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine—better known as the MMR vaccine—brought numbers down, the CDC says. The CDC recommends that children get two doses of the MMR vaccine, but notes that it’s not 100 percent effective.
People who contract mumps typically develop puffy cheeks and a swollen jaw due to swollen salivary glands, but they also may have a fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Symptoms usually appear up to 18 days after a person is infected, and most people recover completely in a few weeks, the CDC reports.
Why the sudden increase this year? Richard Watkins, M.D., an infectious disease specialist at Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, tells SELF that there are likely a few things at play. One is that some outbreaks may occur because parents made the decision not to vaccinate their children, leaving them more susceptible to contracting the virus, he says. The other is likely due to what he calls “waning immunity.” The CDC recommends that children get two doses of the MMR vaccine, with the first dose at 12 to 15 months of age, and the second anywhere between four and six, he explains. Typically, the vaccine’s effectiveness starts to decline 10 years after the last vaccine, he says.
It’s soon after this time that people go to college, where they may be exposed to mumps from unvaccinated peers, or students who attend school from abroad, where the MMR vaccine isn’t as popular, William Schaffner, M.D., an infectious disease specialist and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, tells SELF. “If you were vaccinated against mumps and you get exposed to it in your teenage years and into young adulthood when immunity wanes, particularly in close face-to-face contact with someone, you can get a milder case of it,” Schaffner explains.
The CDC admits that the MMR vaccine isn’t perfect. “MMR vaccine prevents most, but not all, cases of mumps and complications caused by the disease,” the agency says on its website. Two doses of the vaccine are 88 percent effective at protecting against mumps, and one dose is 78 percent effective, the CDC says. That’s why outbreaks can still occur in communities where people are vaccinated—however, high vaccination rates limit the size, duration, and spread of mumps outbreaks.
Most mumps outbreaks this year have been on college campuses, board-certified infectious disease specialist Amesh A. Adalja, M.D., an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, tells SELF. “The nature of a university campus tends to allow for bigger outbreaks,” he says. “It really allows the virus to find enough hosts to get to these types of numbers.” (Harvard, for example, experienced an outbreak this spring.)
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Mexico City, Mexico, 1891-1971
Oil on canvas
26.52 X 36.27 in
Manuel Rodríguez Lozano was a member of the group known as Los Contemporáneos, which was made up of intellectuals and artists who were interested in spreading a universal vision of culture in Mexico, distancing themselves from the nationalist themes that predominated in the country during the 1920s. With this perspective, he decided to appropriate the category of Mexicanness in a different way, giving a local character to the avant-gardes with which he had become familiar on his trips to Europe.
Esperanza belongs to his “white period,” a term coined by the critic Berta Taracena to refer to the period of production during and after the artist’s imprisonment for having been accused of stealing engravings by Albrecht Dürer and Guido Reni from the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes during his tenure as the director of that institution. During this time, Rodríguez Lozano’s paintings were characterized by the use of an icy palette of blues, whites and grays, with which he represented tragic scenes in barren, melancholy landscapes inhabited by skeletal bodies with postures evoking anguish and desolation.
In this way, convinced that there were other paths for making a Mexican art without falling into the nationalist ideology of the muralists, Rodríguez Lozano reproduced an internationally comprehensible discourse: the suffering of the victims of society who for whatever reason cannot find justice. In this way, the artist’s work presents the human figure as a universal prototype, since anyone can empathize with the grief in which his characters find themselves.
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| 0.97661 | 362 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Bit Depth, Colors and Digital Photos
|Areas of Science||
Photography, Digital Photography & Video
|Time Required||Very Short (≤ 1 day)|
|Material Availability||Specialty Item: Requires Adobe Photoshop or similar photo editing software|
|Cost||Very Low (under $20)|
AbstractHow many bits of information are in a digital photo? It depends on how many possible colors there are. Learn how to choose the right number of colors and bits to post your photo on the web or send it to your best friend.
The objective is to investigate the relationship between the number of bits in a digital image and the number of colors and file size of the image.
Sara Agee, Ph.D., Science Buddies
Cite This PageGeneral citation information is provided here. Be sure to check the formatting, including capitalization, for the method you are using and update your citation, as needed.
Last edit date: 2020-06-23
A bit is the smallest unit of measurement regarding computer data. Each bit indicates one of 2 different states, on (represented by a 1) or off (represented by a 0). A single bit does not convey much information, but you can string bits together in binary codes to represent numbers, words, music, pictures, or any other type of computer data. In fact, all computer data is coded in binary numbers, and looks like a series of zeros and 1's:
For a digital photo, bit depth is the number of colors that can be shown in the image. Because the bits can only indicate one of 2 possible states (0 or 1), the number of colors can only be powers of 2. Some examples of bit depths (and the calculation of the decimal number for those of you who know exponents) for image files are: 2-bit (2^2 = 4 colors), 4-bit (2^4=16 colors), 8-bit (2^8=256 colors), 16-bit (2^16=65,536 colors), and 24-bit (2^24=16,777,216 colors).
"Every color pixel in a digital image is created through some combination of the three primary colors: red, green, and blue. Each primary color is often referred to as a "color channel" and can have any range of intensity values specified by its bit depth. The bit depth for each primary color is termed the "bits per channel." The "bits per pixel" (bpp) refers to the sum of the bits in all three color channels and represents the total colors available at each pixel. " (McHugh, 2005)
The larger the bpp is, the more colors can be used in the image. The smaller the bpp is, the less colors can be used in the image. Since images with more colors contain more information, they have larger file sizes. In this way, the bpp of an image is related to the file size and the number of colors.
In this experiment you will change the number of colors in a digital photo and measure the effect on file size and bpp and download time. Will the file size and download time always increase if the bpp increases? How will changing the bpp of an image change the number of colors that are possible? Is the relationship linear?
Terms and Concepts
To do this type of experiment you should know what the following terms mean. Have an adult help you search the internet, or take you to your local library to find out more!
- binary code
- bit depth (bits per channel)
- bits per pixel (bpp)
- file size
- What is a bit?
- How many bits will make a good quality image?
- How will the number of bits change the number of colors and the file size?
- 2005a. Color/Bit Depth and Image Resolution, Adobe Web Tech Curriculum, Adobe Systems, Inc. San Jose, CA. Retrieved 4/24/06.
- 2005b. Adobe Digital Kids Club. Adobe Systems, Inc. San Jose, CA. Retrieved 4/24/06.
- Sean McHugh, S., 2005. Tutorials: Bit Depth, Cambridgeincolour.com, Cambridge, UK. Retrieved 4/24/06.
- Wilson, Tracy V., Nice, K., and Gurevich, G. 2005. How Digital Cameras Work. HowStuffWorks, Inc. Atlanta, GA. Retrieved 4/24/06.
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Materials and Equipment
- Adobe Photoshop
- your favorite photo
- color printer
- photo quality printing paper
- On your desktop, create a new folder called "My Photo Experiment" and place a copy of your favorite photo in the folder (like puppy.jpg).
- Open the photo in Adobe Photoshop.
- Click on "File" and "Save for Web..." from the file menu. A dialog box should appear showing your image in a new window. Choose the "4-Up" tab from the top of the window:
- Four copies of your photo should appear in the window. One copy will be your original, and there will be three more copies of your photo in GIF file format.
- Next you will make a series of changes to the settings in each frame. You will change the number of colors in each frame to a different value by clicking on the drop down menu on the right side of the screen:
A cropped screenshot of the image settings window in the program Photoshop shows a drop-down menu where the number of colors displayed can be changed. The colors drop-down option is on the upper right hand side of the settings window. In this screenshot 128 colors is selected.
- Each time you change the number of colors, you will see the information below the image change. Make sure you can locate the number of colors, file size and download speed:
- Write all of the information in a data table:
File Name Number of Colors Bits Per Pixel File Size (Kb) Download Time (sec) Speed (Kbps) puppy.jpg puppy1.gif puppy2.gif puppy3.gif
- You will need to calculate how many bits per pixel are in each image by using the number of colors in the image. Use this table to match up the bits per pixel with the number of colors chosen:
Bits Per Pixel Number of Colors Available 1 2 2 4 3 8 4 16 5 32 6 64 7 128 8 256
- Make graphs of your data from the data table. Each graph should highlight one relationship, for example:
- bits per pixel vs. number of colors
- bits per pixel vs. file size
- bits per pixel vs. download time
- You will also want to save a copy of each "trial" photo. Do this by selecting one of your photo copies and clicking on the "Save" button. Save the file with the corresponding file name from your data table:
A cropped screenshot from Adobe Photoshop shows an optimized image being saved in GIF format. At the top of the window, there is a text box to rename the saved image file and a drop-down menu to choose where on the computer to save the file. The window also incudes a save button (bottom right) to confirm the changes and save the image.
- Save each picture as a new file in the folder on your desktop named "My Photo Experiment", naming each new file with a different name to keep track of your experiments (like puppy1, puppy2, puppy3, etc.). Keep all of the settings and file extensions (.gif) the same.
- Print a copy of each picture on photo quality paper and label the image with the file name for your display board.
- Arrange your photos in a row and compare the images. How did changing the bits per pixel and number of colors in the image change the quality of the photo?
If you like this project, you might enjoy exploring these related careers:
- To kick this project up a notch try counting the number of unique colors in each image. Photoshop can not calculate the unique colors used in an image, so you will need to use another program like PaintShop Pro, which is a shareware program available for a free download. Open each of your files with PaintShop Pro and choose Colors/CountColorsUsed. After a while PaintShop Pro will show a dialog box that tells you the number of unique colors in the image, (like 16,777,216). Does this number match the number you chose in the settings dialog box? Why or why not?
Ask an ExpertThe Ask an Expert Forum is intended to be a place where students can go to find answers to science questions that they have been unable to find using other resources. If you have specific questions about your science fair project or science fair, our team of volunteer scientists can help. Our Experts won't do the work for you, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and help you troubleshoot.
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The night was still warm in Mumbai when 105 passengers bound for New York, boarded an Air India coach at the Santa Cruz airport on that fateful night-day of 23rd-24th January 1966. Not very far from the departure terminal, stood the giant bird, which was going to take them on their long journey to New York. It was the Boeing 707-437 aircraft bearing an identification tag VT-DMN and was named as “Kanchanjunga” after the second tallest Himalayan peak and literally meant a river of gold. The aircraft had first flown on 5 April 1961 and was delivered new to Air India on 25 May 1961. It had just done a total of 16188 hours. Passengers looked forward to a pleasant and comfortable journey as they were travelling by Air India and those ware the golden years for Air India, known for its service and comforts, all over the world.
Passengers were welcomed on board by smiling saree clad Air India hostesses, who made them comfortable on board. Soon a VIP joined them. He was the famous atomic scientist of India, Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha. He was an Indian nuclear physicist, founding director, and professor of physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. He was colloquially known as the "father of Indian nuclear programme." Bhabha was the founding director of two well-known research institutions, namely the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and the Trombay Atomic Energy Establishment (now named after him); both sites were the cornerstone of Indian development of nuclear weapons which Bhabha also supervised as its director.
The aircraft touched down later in the night at Delhi, shivering on a wintry night, before it took off for Beirut, where it made another scheduled stop. As the plane took off from Beirut, the pilot found out that one of the VOR's on board (VHF omnidirectional radio range) was not serviceable. He kept this in his mind. VOR is a type of short-range radio navigation system for aircraft, enabling aircraft to determine their position and stay on course by receiving radio signals transmitted by a network of fixed ground radio beacons, with a receiver unit. It is the standard air navigational system in the world, used by both commercial and general aviation even today. There are about 3000 VOR stations around the world.
It was early morning of 24th January, local time, when Control tower at Geneva, Switzerland, told the pilot that they were at Flight Level 190 and should start descent for Geneva International Airport after they had passed Mont Blanc. Soon Pilot announced to the passengers, that they have crossed the highest peak in the Swiss Alps, known as Mont Blanc, and the aircraft started its descent towards Geneva International Airport. Over next few seconds, all hell broke loose and Air India flight 101, bound for New York, just disappeared from Radar screens into oblivion.
It was found later, that the pilot had made a wrong judgment that they have crossed the Mont Blanc ridge and actually were still on the southwest side of the ridge, when he started his descent. Since one of the VOR receivers was not serviceable, he perhaps misjudged his own position and started his descent even before crossing the Mont Blanc ridge. The aircraft crashed into the Glacier des Bossons (Bossons Glacier) on the southwest face of Mont Blanc in France at an elevation of 4,750 metres (15,584 ft). All 106 passengers and 11 crew were killed instantly.
Crash investigators later found out that the pilot-in-command, who knew on leaving Beirut, that one of the VORs was unserviceable, naturally miscalculated his position in relation to Mont Blanc and while reporting his own estimate of the aircraft position to the controller; had told the radar controller that his calculation may be erroneous because of the defective VOR. Geneva control tower had noted the error, determined the correct position of the aircraft and passed a communication to the aircraft which, control tower believed, would enable the pilot to correct its position. Unfortunately, the exact phraseology used by Control tower was not sufficiently precise and the correction was mis-understood by the pilot.
Bits of wreckage of the crashed Boeing aircraft still remain at the crash site on Glacier des Bossons. In 2008, a climber had found some Indian newspapers dated 23 January 1966. Then in August 2012, a mountain rescue worker, Arnaud Christmann was told by some tourists that they had seen something shining on the Bossons glacier. Next day, he and his neighbour went up the mountain in search of, what they hoped would be some shining diamonds or at least a few gold ingots, They however, found only bits of pieces of an aircraft cabin and things like a shoe, cables. Mr. Christmann describes the crash site as a real garbage dump.
While returning, he saw a jute bag sitting as if someone had just placed it there. The bag had markings saying "Diplomatic mail" and "Ministry of External Affairs", as the foreign ministry is called in India. Christmann says jokingly that Instead of gold ingots all they got was some soaking wet mail and Indian newspapers dated 23 January 1966. He says that it's not the sort of thing you find very often in the mountains: the mail from India is going to arrive 46 years late. The bag is now in the hands of the police in the town of Chamonix at the base of the mountain. Indian embassy in Paris would now try and recover this bag.
New information received, indicates that the bag contained no diplomatic papers but Air India calendars and newspapers, including copies of the newspaper from Madras; The Hindu, then priced at just 13 paise and Dated January 21, 1966
January 1966 was a very tumultous period in India's history as a war with Pakistan was just over with signing of the Tashkent Agreement of 10th January 1966. Then ruling Prime Minister of India, Mr. Lal Bahadur Shastri had died the following day, still in Tashkent, of a heart attack. Gulzarilal Nanda had once again assumed the role of Acting Prime Minister.
And on 24th January 1966 or on very same day when Air India's Big Bird “Kanchanjunga” disappeared on the Mont Blanc ridge. Indira Gandhi was sworn in as the New Prime Minister of India. What a coincidence that a political career that had a stormy end on 31 October 1984 also had such a stormy beginning.
2 September 2012
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Getting and Keeping K-12 Girls in Sports and Physical Activity
Getting and Keeping K-12 Girls in Sports and Physical Activity: Evidence-Based Best Practices and Keys
Movie Discussion Guide: King Richard
Take advantage of the teachings presented in King Richard by using these questions to help guide a discussion.
Now seven months in, we’ve learned a few things about the pandemic’s wider impact on youth & HS sports.
Coaches can get involved in leadership in a different way by talking about character-building and identity.
Activity from PCA trusted resource RISE to examine how athletes use sports as an agent social change.
Brown University's Kia McNeill: Every Player Has Value
Here in the PCA/Maddie Potts Coaching Symposium, Brown's Kia McNeill shares her thoughts on four key topics.
Parents' Reaction To Failure Translates To Their Children
Parents reaction to failure translates directly to how their kids will handle failure, according to Dweck.
Pat Fitzgerald: Sports Parents Seeking More Playing Time
When conversations with parents turn to playing time, he asks whether the parents have talked to their son.
Helping A Player Maintain Effort
Advice on how you can maintain a player's motivation, in the face of a tough parent.
Coaches accustomed to yelling are more likely to yell even when the problem requires a different approach.
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The study analysed over a billion anonymised status updates among more than 100 million users of Facebook in the US. (Agencies)
Positive posts beget positive posts, the study found, and negative posts beget negative ones, with the positive posts being more influential, or more contagious.
"Our study suggests that people are not just choosing other people like themselves to associate with but actually causing their friends' emotional expressions to change," said lead author James Fowler, from the University of California, San Diego.
"We have enough power in this data set to show that emotional expressions spread online and also that positive expressions spread more than negative," said Fowler.
There is abundant scientific literature on how emotion can spread among people – through direct contact, in person – not only among friends but also among strangers or near-strangers.
Little is known, though, about emotional contagion in online social networks. Yet, in our digitally connected world, it is important to learn what can be transmitted through social media, too, Fowler said.
Researchers analysed anonymous English-language status updates on Facebook in the top 100 most populous cities in the US over 1,180 days, between January 2009 and March 2012.
They did not view any names of users or even the words posted by users.
Researchers relied on automated text analysis, through a software programme called the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count, to measure the emotional content of each post.
To find if there's a causal relationship, the researchers needed to run an experiment. They found a natural one in rain.
Rainy weather, it turns out, reliably changes the tenor of posts – increasing the number of negative posts by 1.16 per cent and depressing the number of positive by 1.19 per cent.
To make sure that rain was not affecting the friends directly, they restricted their analysis to friends who were in different cities where it was not raining, and to make sure it was not topic contagion, they removed from their analysis all weather-related status updates.
The change in emotional expression by the people being rained on induced a change in their friends that stayed dry, the study found.
Each additional negative post yielded 1.29 more negative posts among one's friends, while each additional positive post yielded an additional 1.75 positive posts among friends.
The study was published in the journal PLOS ONE.
The study analysed over a billion anonymised status updates among more than 100 million users of Facebook in the US.
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Growers altering their farming systems are changing the balance of soils, according to a recent analysis of nutrient removal.
Incitec Pivot Fertilisers agronomist Lee Menhenett co-ordinated a program of grain and leaf tissue testing from 27 commercial crops in the Mallee and Riverine Plains over summer.
The program found switching from a grain harvest to a hay cut could increase potassium removal, with about three times as much potassium removed from a tonne of wheat hay than from a tonne of grain in the tested crops.
Mr Menhenett said if the straw was taken after harvesting wheat or barley grains, potassium removal could double from the paddock.
“Given that most growers are not applying potassium in their fertiliser programs, there is a need to at least monitor potassium availability where hay or straw cutting is happening more often.”
He said growers could monitor the availability of potassium to crops by leaf tissue testing during crop growth or soil testing.
“Another nutrient not often applied in fertilisers and being removed in considerable amounts from grain harvests is copper.”
Based on the grain testing, 20 to 30 g/ha of copper is potentially being removed annually from grain crops.
Mr Menhenett suggested growers consider applying copper fertiliser in test strips, to assess the response to the micronutrient in crops.
“The overall theme from the results was the high level of variation in nutrient removal between and within crop types,” he said.
“One key point to note is that grain growers who are using a phosphorus replacement strategy based on a rule of thumb removal rate are at risk of over-estimating or under-estimating their phosphorus requirements by a fair margin, because the variation in removal is actually quite high.”
Depending on the yield, the overall phosphorus removal per hectare was between six and 13 kg/ha.
Mr Menhenett said growers who will use a nutrient replacement strategy to guide phosphorus decisions should arrange their own grain testing from areas of known and stable yields.
He said monitoring removal from grain and hay cuts can be arranged through the Nutrient Advantage laboratory.
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St Augustine – Dethatching
Thatch is a layer of partially decomposed plant material that builds up on the soil’s surface. Usually, more than one half inch of thatch on general turf areas decreases the turf vigor by restricting movement of air, water and fertilizers into the soil. Excessive thatch also restricts root development and provides a suitable environment for insect and disease problems. Thatch can be removed by a vertical mower or by other means of dethatching such as a power rake.
Vertical mowing helps keep turf healthy by removing the vegetation from the thatch layer. This dead vegetation is lifted to the surface by the blades of the vertical mower. Vertical mowing can be done in the early spring on warm season grasses just before green up occurs, or when the grass is growing rapidly yet not so hot that the water requirements are high.
Dethatching equipment can be rented from local nurseries or rental companies. Make sure the distance between the blades on the machine can be adjusted. They should be no closer than 3 inches for St. Augustine grass.
Remember to fertilize after dethatching because the turfgrass has been damaged and needs the stimulation to recover.
Dethatching on St. Augustinegrass can severely damage it. If you can not adjust the vertical blades to 3 inches apart, do not use the machine. If the blades are adjustable, make only one pass (in one direction).
Q: My husband bought a dethatching blade for our lawnmower. How should it be used on a St. Augustinegrass lawn?
A: In the first place, do you have a thatch problem? Thatch is a layer of undecomposed stems and clippings on which a turfgrass is growing. Thatch is bad because the grass is more susceptible to drought and cold damage. St. Augustinegrass lawns don’t usually have a thatch problem unless they were over-fertilized and were mowed infrequently in the past. Before you dethatch, go out and examine your lawn grass. Is the grass growing on the soil or on a layer of thatch? If the thatch is less than ½ inch thick, you should not dethatch. A more practical reason is that dethatching is done only when the grass is vigorously growing in June.
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The intertwined history of the land and the water
The story of Dutch Gap demonstrates the importance of the river throughout history revealing a partnership of man's use of land and water. Today, the river's commercial and recreational activities continue, providing a backdrop to Dutch Gap's restoration, preservation and conservation efforts.
1500s Powhatan Indians fish and carry furs, food and other trade items in dugout canoes.
1611 Sir Thomas Dale and 300 settlers build the Citie of Henricus as Virginia's frontier moves westward.
1614 America's first English hospital, Mt Malady, is established. John Rolfe introduces tobacco, which launches Virginia's first successful economic venture.
1619 America's first college, The College of Henricus, is chartered.
1620s Early settlers use shallops to navigate shallow waters to nearby settlements and plantations.
1700s Colonists turn to batteaux, sloops and barges for water transportation.
1781 Benedict Arnold and British troops capture Virginia's navy along the southern tip of the Dutch Gap peninsula.
1800s Packets carry cargo from Richmond to Baltimore, New York and Boston.
1855 More than 2,600 boats and ships enter and depart from the Richmond docks.
1864 Gen. Benjamin Butler's Federal forces begin to dig a channel near the original 1611 Citie site to eliminate the large loop in the James that contains Confederate land batteries. Federal soldiers, under constant fire, labor 144 days on the channel.
1865 Channel project is abandoned when a bulkhead explosion blasts earth back into the newly dug causeway.
1871 U.S. Government completes dredging and opens the channel, turning the peninsula into an island with tidal and non-tidal marshlands.
1872 The steamship Sylvester is the first commercial vessel to use the new channel.
1930s Army Corp of Engineers extends the channel. This eliminates another loop in the river.
1930s-1960s Sand and gravel is mined, creating a tidal lagoon.
1997 Dutch Gap Conservation Area is created as a regional partnership providing historical, environmental and recreational activities to thousands of visitors each year.
Today Motorboats, jet skis and other recreational craft negotiate the narrow channels of the James with tugboats, barges and large ocean-going vessels hauling international cargo to and from the Port of Richmond.
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Native Youth Olympics
The first Native Youth Olympics Games were held in the winter of 1971. They were conceived and organized by students attending the Boarding Home Program School in Anchorage, Alaska. Cook Inlet Tribal Council (CITC) is the current host of the statewide games for both the Junior level (grades 1-6) and Senior level (grades 7-12).The purpose of the Native Youth Olympics (NYO) Games Alaska is to promote:
- Healthy lifestyles, positive self-esteem, and leadership skills;
- Appreciation of Alaska Native traditions;
- Good sportsmanship through friendly athletic competition
- JNYO Start - January 4, 2022
- SRNYO Start - February 22, 2022
- JNYO Annual Event - February 11-12, 2022
- Mat-Su Senior Invitational - March 26, 2022
- SRNYO Regional Meet - April 15 & 16, 2022
ALL EVENTS are held at Houston Jr/Sr High School
***More information as follows.
Last Modified on November 24, 2021
I'm Looking For...
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Eating disorders are complex mental illnesses that involve different types of disordered behaviour surrounding food consumption. These behaviours might mean that a person either limits the amount of food eaten, eats very large quantities of food at once, purges what they have eaten, misuses laxatives, fasts, engages in excessive exercise or perhaps presents with a combination of all of these behaviours. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are likely the most well known forms of disordered eating, however other examples include binge eating disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and purging disorder – which presents without binge eating behaviours. Eating disorders are not always easy to identify and can present themselves quite differently from person to person. Although eating disorders tend to be more common among females and teenagers, disordered eating can develop at any age and is becoming increasingly more prevalent among males, perhaps due to growing social pressures.
While there are a variety of factors which can increase the risk of developing an eating disorder, it is vital to remember that an eating disorder is often not about food itself. It is a mental illness. Your psychological and emotional health plays a role, as can cultural pressures and messaging purported by the media. People with eating disorders often also suffer with anxiety, depression, and/or obsessive-compulsive disorders. Disordered eating then develops to cope with underlying stressors and pressures, such as the perceived need to be ‘thin’. There is some evidence to suggest eating disorders can be hereditary. Higher rates of eating disorders are reported among those with a genetic tendency to perfectionism and sensitivity. Still, ultimately eating disorders can affect anyone of any age, gender, or background and they are NOT the fault of the person suffering.
Quite often a seemingly healthy person could be suffering privately from an eating disorder. There are some changes in behaviour that may be noticeable before you see changes in physical appearance. While some indicators may be specific to a certain eating disorder, generally you should remain on the lookout for the following signs and symptoms which suggest there could be an issue:
• Saying they have eaten earlier or will eat later, or that they have eaten more than they have
• Strict dieting and avoiding food they think is fattening
• Obsessive and/or rigid behaviour, particularly around food, i.e. counting calories, eating each type of food separately on a plate etc.
• Avoiding eating with other people
• Taking appetite suppressants, such as slimming or diet pills
• Excessive exercising – this might also include exercising when not physically well enough to do so or feeling guilty or anxious about not exercising
• Social withdrawal and isolation
• Distorted perception of body shape or weight, e.g. thinking they are much larger than they are
• Underestimating or denying the seriousness of the problem or not believing there is a problem at all, even after diagnosis.
Eating disorders affect a person’s physical and emotional health, and complications can be fatal. Some potentially dangerous developments include:
• Heart issues
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Loss of period (females)
• Decreased testosterone (males)
• Gastrointestinal issues
• Kidney issues
Unfortunately, many people who suffer with disordered eating may initially reject help. If you are at all worried about yourself or someone else, urge him or her to seek professional support as soon as possible.
It is best to first approach your GP about any concerns. Your GP will typically run several tests, including a physical exam, lab tests, and a psychological evaluation. Generally, treatment is managed through a team approach with help from doctors, mental health professionals and dietitians collectively. That said, treatment plans are highly individualised, and a trained professional will advise on what is the best route to take.
In most cases eating disorders can be treated in outpatient facilities. More intensive treatment in an inpatient unit might become necessary if the condition worsens.
The road to recovery from an eating disorder is unique to each person. However, with the right treatment plan and support – recovery, whatever that means to the individual, is possible. There are a few steps that can be taken to try to prevent disordered eating habits taking root, or to avoid a future relapse. Promoting a positive narrative around eating habits and body image is a good place to start. Discuss with your children why fuelling our bodies with food is important; be weary of how you speak about your own body and eating habits around your children; and reject the idea of there being an ‘ideal’ body type. For more information on managing and overcoming eating disorders, please refer to the following resources:
If you or someone you know is suffering with an eating disorder it is important to seek professional help. Contact your GP first for more information. The following websites can also provide further insight and help for eating disorders:
The Foster’s Pharmacy is a full service pharmacy. With 2 pharmacy locations at The Airport Center in George Town and…
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Romans Facts for KS2 Children and Teachers
The Romans were a fascinating civilisation that lasted for 500 years. Check out these fascinating Roman facts:
Who were the Romans?
The ancient Roman civilisation began in 753 BC when King Romulus founded the city of Rome (naming it after himself). Over the next thousand years, this small city grew into a large empire. The ancient Romans became one of the most influential civilisations in history, conquering areas in Europe, Africa and Asia.
Who ruled Rome?
Ancient Rome began as a kingdom and was ruled over by kings for 240 years. It then became a republic. This means that it was run by elected officials called senators and that there was a constitution agreeing how the republic should be run. Nearly five hundred years later however, Rome became an empire that was ruled over by an emperor. Caesar Augustus was the first Roman emperor. Emperors had almost complete control over the whole empire.
When did the Romans invade Britain?
Julius Caesar first invaded Britain in 55 BC. There were several battles between the Roman army and the Celtic tribes who lived in Britain at the time, but the Romans didn’t have a large enough army and they retreated. The following year, Julius Caesar attacked Britain again with a larger army. They still didn’t defeat the Celts but the Romans promised to leave Britain if the Celts paid tribute to Rome.
It wasn’t until Emperor Claudius invaded for a third time nearly a hundred years later in 43 AD that the Romans finally conquered Britain. Battles continued for several years afterwards but eventually the Romans gained control and Britain became part of the Roman Empire.
Statue in London of Boudica, queen of the Iceni tribe, who famously fought against the Roman invaders.
What made the Romans so powerful?
The Romans had a very well organised army which allowed them to conquer other countries. The Roman army was one of the most successful armies in history and far more advanced than any other army at the time.
The Roman army had much more advanced weapons and armour than other armies of the time
How was the Roman army organised?
The Roman army was made up of legions which had nearly 5000 men each. Legions were organised in a very specific way:
- Eight men were put into a group called a tent.
- Ten tents were put together to form a century of 80 men. A centurion was in charge of the century.
- Six centuries were put together to form a cohort of 480 men.
- Ten cohorts were put together to form a legion.
Roman soldiers had to be very tough and highly trained. They had to walk long distances to battles carrying heavy equipment, such as weapons, tents and food.
What was life for ordinary people in ancient Rome?
Life in ancient Rome depended very much on which social class you belonged to. Roman society was hierarchical, meaning some people were considered to be much more important than others:
- Slaves were at the bottom of the social pyramid. They were the poorest people in society. They had no rights and had to work constantly.
- Next came plebeians. They were the ordinary working people of Rome. Although they were poor, they were allowed to vote.
- Patricians were the aristocracy of Rome. They were rich and came from noble families.
- Senators were important people who helped make the laws of Rome.
- Two people were chosen every year to help run the empire. These people were called consuls.
- The emperor was the most important man in the whole empire. Ultimately, he had absolute power over everyone and everything in the empire.
Women had few rights in Rome, however rich or poor they were. Women couldn’t vote and were controlled by the ‘paterfamilias’ – the male head of the household.
Roman women had very few rights. It was their responsibility to raise children and take care of the household.
What did the Romans eat?
Romans generally ate foods they could grow, rear or catch. Poorer Romans would eat vegetables and grains, only having meat occasionally when they could afford it (or catch it for themselves). Richer Romans had a much wider variety of foods and ate meat regularly.
The Romans ate three meals a day. They had breakfast (which they called ientaculum), lunch (which they called prandium) and their main meal in the evening (which they called cena).
What were Roman houses like?
If you lived in a city, you probably lived in an insula. This was an apartment building between three and five stories high. These were often cramped and badly built. If you were richer, you would live in larger single homes called domus. These usually had many rooms off an atrium which was a room in the centre of the house with an open roof.
Poor Romans who lived in the countryside would live in shacks or cottages while rich Romans would live in large, sprawling villas.
How did the Romans keep clean?
The Romans built communal bath houses for people to bathe in. Bathing was important in ancient Rome, both for keeping clean and as a social activity. People would go to the bathhouses to socialise and relax, as well as to keep clean.
What did the Romans invent?
The Romans had much more advanced technology than many other civilisations at the time. They developed many things that had been used before and made them better, such as sewers, aqueducts and roads, but they also invented lots of new things, many of which we still use today:
Top 5 Roman inventions:
- Concrete was invented by the Romans to help make their buildings stronger and easier to build. It is thanks to Roman concrete that so many of Rome’s most famous buildings are still standing today, such as the Colosseum.
- Newspapers were first invented by the Romans around the year 131 BC. The first newspapers were written on metal or stone and posted in public areas for people to read. They were called Acta Diurna, which means ‘daily acts’.
- Books were invented by Romans too. Before this, everything was written on clay tablets or scrolls. The Romans were the first to bind pages together.
- The calendar that we use today is based very closely on one that was developed by the Romans. The Julian calendar (named after Julius Caesar who developed it) split the year into twelve month, giving each month a name, such as Augustus, September or Julius.
- Central heating was invented by the Romans to keep houses warm in the winter. This central heating system was called hypocaustum. It involved circulating hot air through hollowed floors and walls.
Why did the Roman Empire end?
Lots of different factors caused the downfall of Rome. With such a large empire to rule, it became difficult to manage all the different territories and communicate from one place to another. There were also lots of threats from the Huns, barbarians and many other tribes. The army became weaker until eventually, the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was defeated and replaced by a Germanic prince called Odovacar. The Roman Empire, which had existed for 500 years, was over.
10 fascinating Roman facts:
- The Romans spoke Latin and Greek as their official languages, although with such a large empire, there were many other languages that were spoken.
- The Romans ate many foods we would consider strange today, such as parrot, peacock tongue and garum. Garum was a condiment that was very popular in ancient Rome – it was used like ketchup and added to all sorts of savoury dishes. It was made by crushing and fermenting fish intestines!
- Rich Romans often ate lying down. They would recline on sofas while slaves or servants served them their food.
- The Romans had lots of uses for urine. They used it to wash clothes, to tan leather and even to whiten teeth!
- The Romans didn’t have toilet paper. Instead, they used a sponge on the end of a stick to clean themselves after going to the toilet. In communal toilets, the sponges often wouldn’t be washed between uses!
- Public toilets were such scary places full of rats and other terrors that the Romans often used magic spells and asked the gods for help when they used them.
- The Romans built about 55,000 miles of roads across the empire. They built very straight roads, many of which are still used today.
- Gladiator fights were one of the most popular forms of Roman entertainment. A gladiator was a professional fighter who fought in organised games. Gladiator fights usually lasted until one of the combattants was dead. Romans sometimes drank the blood of fallen gladiators because they believed it gave a person life force.
- An hour in Rome didn’t always last an hour. Romans divided the day into twelve hours of daylight and twelve hours of darkness, but because the daylight lasts much longer in summer than in winter, some hours could last as long as 75 minutes in summer or as short as 45 minutes in winter.
- Even though the Romans bathed frequently, they didn’t use soap. Instead, they would rub themselves with oil, then scrape off the oil and dirt with a special scraper!
Teachers: If you're looking for more in-depth learning on the Romans, check out our Romans Topic, covering lessons across a range of cross-curricular subjects.
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Asthma & Allergy Types and Facts
Strawberry allergy is one of the common food allergies. And many times people suffering from it have it in serious form. And it can be up to the extinct where people can’t take the smell of it also. A bad thing about it is strawberry is a very common fruit which have chances of accidentally coming in your food easily.
It is prefer to carry the allergy medicine with you always if you have the allergy of it. One of the good things about strawberry is that it is very common fruit so you will know about strawberry allergy symptoms very early in your lifetime.
Asthma is also known as a type of allergy, because most of the asthma cases are due to the allergy. It is generally caused by the allergy to dust particles or irritating smells. Most of the times it is in the mild form, but sometimes can be life threatening for the person suffering from it.
It is very difficult to know the substance you have allergy from though you can always have an allergy test done from an expert. Asthma is a not fully curable disease hence there is no permanent solution for asthma allergy also, still we can take few precautions to avoid it.
a) Avoid bad weather or cold weather. Weather change can be very bad for you if you have asthma. It can cause a serious attack.
b) Avoid dust particles or irritating smells as much as possible. It will eliminate the most of the cause.
c) If you have allergy to other substances, try to avoid it. Precaution is always better than cure.
Asthma is common these days due to increase in the pollution worldwide. We may not be able to avoid it completely, but we can make our life beautiful by taking many precautions and having a good mild asthma treatment.
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Seeking perfect woodworking strategies that can eventually aid you to accomplish excellent woodworking jobs can be a time-consuming task.
In this post, we will understand more about Fine Woodworking Outfeed Table Plans as well as aspects to think about when selecting a woodworking plan.
Woodworking Plan Overview
A Woodworking plan refers to the instructions for creating woodworks which can consist of drafts prepared with pencils or pen and also paper.
It likewise includes even more thorough drawings in the kind of scaled design templates called patterns with measurements required for making joints like mortise & tenon joints.
Woodworking plans typically include guidelines of what timber to acquire for the task, as well as tool checklists and cutting layouts. Woodworkers can function from a Woodworking plan by reading it in order to identify their next phase of action or they might select not to seek advice from the Woodworking strategy in all.
These woodworking guides include photos showing how each item must look throughout the setting up process which enables customers to see if they have the woodworking skills needed for completing a project efficiently.
Woodworkers can also utilize woodworking Plans as recommendation factors and alter them to fit their requirements, or they may refer to online data sources of woodworking strategies that are provided by experienced craftsmen in various places.
Truth About Woodworking Plan
Woodworking is the activity of cutting, forming, and also assembling wood. Woodworkers are typically carpenters, cupboard manufacturers, shipwrights, and also other people who collaborate with wood as their main material or product.
Woodworking has been going on for a very long time. It is one of the oldest crafts around – excavators have actually located evidence that people were making hand devices out of timber concerning two million years earlier.
By learning woodworking you can utilize your hands and imagination to produce something lovely. Woodworking is not just about making points for other individuals, you can make one-of-a-kind tasks or gifts for yourself, as well!
Woodwork involves the development of furnishings, cupboards, floor covering, as well as far more. Woodworkers often deal with timber alone yet likewise incorporate steel such as nails and also screws in their work.
Learning Woodworking Fine Woodworking Outfeed Table Plans
To explore Woodworking you require to begin with the essentials to get a feel of just how Woodworking works. Woodworkers can build whatever from furniture, cupboards, and also doors to toys like shaking horses or wood trains.
Newbies can consider taking woodwork courses in order to discover the basic tools such as hammers, screwdrivers, and also saws – both handsaws and also power round saws called scroll or reciprocating saws.
Other woodworking devices that are necessary are timber knives, planes, clamps for holding boards with each other while they are being serviced, bench dogs that maintain things lined up during intending procedures, steel shaping tools called bending irons utilized for making bent surface areas along an edge.
Selecting Woodworking Projects
Choosing the appropriate woodworking project is important considering entering the craft. Woodworking projects can vary from easy to really intricate, however, they all have one thing alike, you will certainly need wood for them.
Recognizing what sort of project is the finest match for your ability degree and also available resources are key when it pertains to picking a job.
If you are fairly skilled with devices however don’t desire anything as well complex, then a tiny side table would be ideal.
On the other hand, if you only understand the essentials of utilizing power tools and might use more practices prior to dealing with something bigger like an end-table or shelf, then beginning with a birdhouse may be right up your alley.
Regardless of which type of woodworking project appeals to you, it is very important to guarantee that you have the correct woodworking plan that reveals to you the right way to set about your job.
Woodworking plans are readily available online, in magazines as well as publications, or from other woodworkers who have experience with the kind of woodworking job, you intend to embark on.
Types of Wood For Woodworking
The quality of timber is the most vital factor when choosing the wood that will be made use of for your woodworking project.
Timber top quality refers to just how dense as well as hard the grain of the wood is, which identifies what kind of surface can be put on it. For example, top notch wood like oak can have multiple layers of polyurethane.
Woods with excellent pure toughness are generally harder timbers such as mahogany or walnut while softer timbers include pine, cedar, poplar, or fir.
Plywood originates from thin sheets of fairly inexpensive and also uniform product usually made from softwood veneers pressed along with glue in between layers so they stick well without using nails or screws. Given that it is affordable and available in great sizes.
Creating woodworks at home is a concept that has actually constantly been preferred and associated with a sensation of self-sufficiency. Woodworking is not only for people that have experience or ever done it as a job.
With the best woodworking strategy, wood products, devices, and also the determination to put in some time and also initiative by themselves home jobs, everyone can do it themselves and also construct furniture, made specifically for their house.
Woodworking abilities are readily offered to any individual with the best perspective and also inspiration, and many of these artisans have wonderful developments that you can make in the house.
The sort of woodworking projects that can do in your home are boundless, they can consist of tiny tasks such as a reducing board, birdhouse, or plaything box big pieces of furnishings including tables and chairs.
Woodworking is an art that always has time for novices that have never ever done it prior to and the more knowledgeable woodworkers as well.
A couple of examples of home DIY woodworking:
– A cradle for your newborn constructed out of wood from lumber trees in your yard.
– An outside bench utilized by good friends during an evening barbeque event.
Final Thoughts Fine Woodworking Outfeed Table Plans
Many people think that woodworking can appear complex and challenging. But, with the right Fine Woodworking Outfeed Table Plans, products, and tools in position, it does not need to be.
You do not require any experience or understanding in woodworking whatsoever before you start a woodworking task. You feel in one’s bones what your abilities are and how much time you intend to commit to this new leisure activity.
If you’re someone who’s trying to find a simple Do It Yourself woodworking project, yet, desires something greater than paint furnishings or structure flatpacks from the ground up, we suggest either starting small.
You can select standard woodworking tasks like cutting boards out of plywood or tackling one of our intermediate plans such as making a potting bench.
These projects aren’t really complicated yet still, provide exceptional outcomes! So do not think twice to try woodworking.
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The Kyoto Conference on Climate Change in December 1997 proposed the establishment of a legally binding agreement on reductions of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by developed countries. The EU has agreed to reduce emissions based on a basket of 6 gases by 8% of 1990 levels by the period 2008 to 2012. The UK’s legally binding target under an EU burden sharing agreement is 12.5% of 1990 levels by 2008-2012. The Protocol resulting from Kyoto identified emissions trading as one of the means by which reductions could be achieved.
What is Emissions Trading?
Emissions trading at a national or international level enables industry to achieve required reductions in carbon emissions in the most economically efficient way. Companies are allocated an emissions target. Those that can reduce emissions at least cost can go further than their target and sell the excess to companies who are finding it more difficult or expensive to reach their target. Conversely, those companies which have found it difficult to reduce emissions can buy the extra allowances they need from those who have gone further than they needed to, effectively paying someone else to do their abatement for them and, over time, establishing a market price for carbon which will help incentivise investment in carbon abatement technology.
The main areas in which ETG has been active are:
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Last updated: Sep. 12, 2013
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“I do not work well under pressure, I won’t make the deadline..”
Self-defeating behaviors can be your own worst enemy. These thoughts play on repeat when we encounter stress. It is common to retreat to negative behaviors during challenging times.
Unfortunately, these thoughts and behaviors prevent us from focusing on solutions and a healthy mindset. This resource goes over what is self-defeating behavior, and the common types of these behavior patterns.
Alcohol and drug abuse is a self-defeating behavior. For those struggling with drug or alcohol addiction, our San Diego drug rehab provides individuals treatment options catered to your needs. At Healthy Life Recovery, our health experts can help you overcome substance abuse and its self-defeating behaviors.
What is Self-Defeating Behavior?
Self-defeating behavior can be any behavior that typically results in something the person does not want to happen. Although, even when the desired goal happens, that goal causes more bad things than good; this is also self-defeating behavior.
Social psychologists have been studying and learning self-defeating behavior for the past 30 years. They have discovered numerous things that can lead to self-defeating behaviors. However, psychologists still want to learn more about what these behaviors have in common, and how to reduce the effects of these behaviors.
Common Types of Self-Defeating Behaviors
Listed below are examples of self-defeating behaviors.
The behavior of avoidance is shown when you dodge certain people and situations to prevent feelings of hurt or pain. There is logic to avoidance behaviors in the short-term. If you don’t get involved, you can’t lose, however, you can’t win if you don’t even try.
Perfectionists want to accomplish things perfectly, despite it being impossible to be 100% right, 100% of the time. It is not unusual for a person with low self-esteem to show patterns of perfectionist behavior. They justify that being perfect will make everything okay. In reality, trying to do everything perfectly can bring a lot of stress and anxiety, lowering self-esteem even more.
For example, say you are very concerned about your appearance. So, you spend a lot of time getting ready. When friends ask you to participate in sports or going to the beach, you make excuses. You fear others might look at you in the way of being less than perfect.
When a person is embarrassed or ashamed to show their true self, they might demonstrate hiding behaviors. They may hide certain parts of their behavior, such as their sexuality, personality, or appearance, and try to cover it up. By engaging in hiding behaviors, people feel like they fit in with everyone.
People who show passive behavior believe that others around them are more worthy and do not stand up for their rights. They are the people who are hunched over in the corner of the room with their arms crossed. Passive behaviors demonstrate being quiet even when you have something to say, staying away from tension, agreeing when you don’t really, and apologizing without reason.
When a person constantly has to seek approval from others, they are demonstrating attention-seeking behavior. This happens when they have low self-esteem and are very concerned about receiving positive feedback from others around them.
Aggressive behavior is used as a defense mechanism to shield others from their low self-esteem. This self-defensive type of behavior can include physical aggression, as well as yelling, bullying, and demeaning others.
Alcohol or Drug Abuse
Drug and alcohol abuse is another self-defeating behavior. For addicts, and sometimes non-addicts, substance use is a trade-off. A person trades off the risks of using drugs and alcohol for the temporary benefits it brings. Typically in the long-term, the risks will outweigh the temporary benefits.
Suicide is viewed as self-defeating or counterproductive behavior. A person commits suicide to escape from the negativity in their life. They trade off the fear of death and the good things in life, to no longer feel pain. Suicide is counterproductive in the way that ending their life will allow them to reach a certain goal, of not having problems.
More self-defeating behaviors include:
- Physical/mental neglect
- Comparing yourself to others
- Risky sexual behaviors
- Refusing help
- Relationship sabotage
- Self-injurious behaviors
What’s Wrong With These Behaviors?
Patterns of self-defeating behaviors are not only damaging to the person doing them, but also to the others around them. These behaviors are a temporary solution to problems and can be harmful if continued in the long run.
If you want to get rid of these behavior habits, the first step is to recognize them. Once you see them, write them down along with the pros and cons of each one. It is important to think about the long-term and short-term effects of each behavior.
After recognition, the next step is to pick out one you want to challenge yourself with to make a change. For instance, if you recognize that you show passive behaviors towards your friends, perhaps be the one to invite them to go out. Otherwise, say no when they ask you to do something that you don’t really want to do.
Get Help Today
Whether a person is showing self-destructive behavior with aggression, hiding, or even substance abuse, it is crucial to recognize the signs so that they can be changed.
If you or someone you love is battling a drug or alcohol addiction, seek help before their self-destructive behavior worsens. At Healthy Life Recovery, our recovery staff provides individualized treatment plans, because we know no two battles are the same. Call our San Diego rehab today to get started with your journey to recovery.
We're Here To Help!
San Diego, CA 92109
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Examining recent approaches to treating solid tumors
One in five people will suffer from skin cancer at some point in their lives, and these numbers are steadily increasing. Despite the advances in sunscreen technology and public awareness of the need for protection from the sun, data recently reported in the Dermatology Times demonstrate an increase in the average U.S. lifetime risk of one type of skin cancer—invasive melanoma—from 1 in 600 in 1960 to 1 in 50 in 2008. In spite of earlier diagnosis and advances in treatment approaches, the age-adjusted number of deaths per 100,000 people per year is increasing. Moreover, the cost to the healthcare system and society continues to escalate. As the populations of the United States and Europe are aging, the incidence of skin cancer and other solid-tumor cancers will increase.
According to the latest United States Cancer Statistics (2007) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the top 10 cancer types (based on incidence rate) are in the solid tumor category; today, the priority is likely even higher. Thus, there are clear unmet medical needs, and the development of new, cost-efficient and patient-friendly treatments remain a high priority for both the healthcare community and patients.
Some challenges of conventional treatments
Unfortunately, the treatment of solid-tumor cancers, ranging from melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, continues to be a major challenge for physicians. For example, despite all of the advances in drug discovery and development, it is still difficult to simply deliver efficient drugs into cancer cells in a safe and effective way. Meanwhile, current therapeutic approaches involving surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy each have distinctive and significant drawbacks.
Surgery, the current primary treatment for localized and operable tumors or lesions, requires resecting the tumor mass and a surrounding margin of healthy tissue to ensure that no cancer cells remain at the tumor site. Surgery can potentially cause both physical disfigurement and/or debilitating effects on organ function, and the patient's quality of life has been shown to be negatively impacted. In addition, surgery can require a costly and lengthy hospital stay.
Radiation therapy is sometimes used in conjunction with surgery to shrink a tumor before surgical removal, or afterward to destroy any cancer cells that may remain.
Unfortunately, the combination of surgery and radiation can be very damaging to critical normal tissues like nerves, blood vessels or vital organs such as the heart that are within the designated treatment zone. Radiation is also an expensive therapeutic approach and requires considerable expertise, precautionary measures and infrastructure to administer. Radiation brings with it significant complications, including nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, taste alterations, loss of appetite and the potential for the formation of new cancerous lesions, including people who get radiation to the heart; the latter population often suffers from various types of heart failure after some years.
Chemotherapy is typically a secondary or palliative treatment to help control systemic or metastatic tumor growth, whereas both surgery and radiation may be considered local treatments. In response to the spread of cancer, physicians will administer chemotherapeutic agents that circulate throughout the body—in a system-wide fashion—and in high concentrations in order to counter the difficulty that some chemotherapeutic agents have in reaching and penetrating the cell membrane to bring about the intended cell death. However, the system-wide administration of chemotherapeutics often has serious side effects by killing healthy as well as cancerous cells. This systemic and non-targeted use of anticancer agents can produce alopecia, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression (resulting in reduction in the number of platelets, red blood cells and immune cells that are found in the circulation, and therefore increased susceptibility to infection) and drug resistance. In addition, chemotherapy is curative for only a few tumor types—and all of these traditional treatments are only minimally effective on aggressive types of cutaneous cancers, especially in later stages of the disease.
Some proposed cutting-edge approaches
One potential approach to solid tumor treatment involves a novel class of small-molecule drug candidates called vascular disrupting agents. Through interaction with vascular endothelial cytoskeletal proteins, these agents may selectively target and collapse tumor vasculature, thereby depriving the tumor of oxygen and causing death of the tumor cells.
A second strategy involves the use of novel therapeutic monoclonal antibody candidates that target CD27, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Anti-CD27 monoclonal antibodies have been shown to effectively promote anticancer immunity in mouse models when combined with T cell receptor stimulation. In addition, CD27 is overexpressed in certain lymphomas and leukemias and can be targeted for direct activity by anti-CD27 monoclonal antibodies with effector function against those cancers. There are numerous other antibody drugs on the market, some also with linked toxins or radiation.
Another approach involves the development of an orally available nucleoside analogue for various cancers including solid tumors. This agent could act through a novel DNA single-strand breaking mechanism, leading to the production of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and/or DNA repair checkpoint activation; unrepaired DSBs go on to cause apoptosis or programmed cell death.
Alternatively, solid tumors might be treated using a technique known as tumor ablation, involving the process of physically destroying the tumor inside the body through various approaches. Radioactive pellets, less than an inch long and about the width of a pin, can be inserted into the tumor; subsequently, the pellet releases lethal radioactive atoms that irradiate the tumor from the inside out. As the tumor breaks down, it begins to release antigens that trigger an immune response against the cancer cells. In some cases, the body also develops an immune memory against the future return of tumor cells. A second proposed ablation technique, called "pulsed electric current ablation," involves the insertion of electrodes into tumors, which then emit extremely high-energy electrical currents. These currents create a physical reaction that destroys the tumor cells.
Another separate approach involves the application of local heating to the tumor utilizing radio frequency techniques. In this instance, a thermal energy delivery device can be focused and targeted according to the shape, size and position of the specific tumor. Adjusting the frequency, phase and amplitude of the radio waves, combined with different applicators and adjustment of the patient's position, can potentially allow a doctor to optimize the delivery of damaging energy into the tumor.
Cancer scientists are also interested in attacking solid tumors by delivering drugs specifically into the diseased tissues. A targeted approach can result in more efficient therapy while using smaller doses of drugs with fewer negative side effects. For example, animal studies with immune-deficient mice carrying human forms of various cancers have been simultaneously injected with a variety of anticancer agents and a peptide known as iRGD. iRGD possesses the ability to find and attach itself to receptors on solid-tumor cancer cells and subsequently activate their internal transport systems so that the peptide is essentially passed through cell after cell, moving progressively deeper into the tumor structure. Anticancer drugs lingering near the peptide molecules may also get pulled into and through the tumor mass by this transport mechanism as well, enabling them to attack cancer cells previously beyond their reach.
By their nature and cellular architecture, solid tumors are innately equipped to limit the efficacy of most anticancer drugs. Tumors have poor vascular systems, which reduce exposure to drugs that have been administered into the circulation. The lesions are densely fibrous, which serves as a physical barrier against transport. In addition, the tumors have high internal pressures, causing any molecule attempting to enter the lesion further physical challenges. The iRGD peptide is engineered to act like a key, switching on the internal transport mechanism of the cells so that they actively pull inside anything that is proximal to certain cell surface receptors. Researchers believe the iRGD peptide could penetrate many tumor types and may be useful in treating most solid tumor cancers. An encouraging aspect of this approach is that both the peptide and anticancer drugs are effective together without being chemically attached to each other.
Yet another promising approach to treating solid tumor cancers involves targeting the tumor itself without affecting any of the surrounding healthy tissue. This ensures the drug or therapeutic agent is immediately absorbed by the cancer cells and not normal tissues. One such targeted therapy could harness a physiologic process known as "electroporation." Derived from the words "electric" and "pore," this involves applying a brief electric field to the cancerous cell. The electrical pulse causes the temporary formation of pores in the cell's outer membrane—pores that close again within seconds once the electric field is discontinued. These transient pores can improve uptake of certain drugs more than a thousand-fold.
Therapies such as these might offer a compelling set of new approaches to the treatment of solid tumor cancers.
Punit Dhillon is president and CEO of OncoSec Medical Inc., a biotechnology company developing its advanced-stage Oncology Medical System (OMS) ElectroOncology therapies to treat skin cancer and other solid-tumor cancers.
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If physical activity could be put in a pill it would be the next cancer "wonder drug".
But it can't, which is why Australians need to get off their tush to significantly reduce their chances of getting the deadly disease, says Cancer Council Australia CEO and President of the Union for International Cancer Control, Professor Sanchia Aranda.
Cancer can be the result of bad luck, but not "everything" will cause the disease.
Thinking that everything will cause you cancer is "fatalistic" and can lead to complacency, warns Prof Aranda.
The science shows that one-third of cancers are preventable. They are largely due to six main risk factors, led by smoking and then sun exposure.
Being overweight, having a poor diet and not doing enough exercise - which are all interrelated - is the next biggest risk factor.
"We are already curing 68 per cent of people," Prof Aranda told AAP.
"With cancer it's much more about making people understand that cancer can be prevented but also that your best chance of surviving is to diagnose it early."
"Both of those things, prevention and diagnosis, require each of us to take active steps to maintain and monitor our own health," she said.
Each year in Australia there are 1,800 preventable cancers attributed to just inactivity, a further 3,900 cases were caused by high body mass, a risk factor that can also be reduced by being more active.
The cancers directly linked to inactivity are bowel, breast and uterine.
Specifically, about seven per cent of bowel cancers, eight per cent for breast cancers and six per cent for uterine cancers would be prevented if people got more active, says Prof Aranda.
Just five hours of moderate exercise, or 150 minutes of vigorous exercise, a week is what the Cancer Council recommends to reduce cancer risk.
Obviously, there will still be people who get these cancers but these positive steps will help, said Prof Aranda.
"Paying attention to your health, exercise in particular, is not only beneficial for preventing cancer it is also beneficial for preventing heart disease, diabetes and stroke."
© AAP 2018
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Cancer is a disease that results from abnormal growth and division of cells that make up the body's tissues and organs. Under normal circumstances, cells reproduce in an orderly fashion to replace old cells, maintain tissue health and repair injuries. However, when growth control is lost and cells divide too much and too fast, a cellular mass -or "tumour" -is formed.
If the tumour is confined to a few cell layers and it does not invade surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered benign. By contrast, if the tumour spreads to surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered malignant, or cancerous. In order to grow further, a cancer develops its own blood vessels and this process is called angiogenesis. When it first develops, a malignant tumour may be confined to its original site. If cancerous cells are not treated they may break away from the original tumour, travel, and grow within other body parts, the process is known as metastasis.
Click on the below links to find more about the individual cancers
Most people when diagnosed with cancer, experience a combination of new and confused emotions during what may be a highly stressful period. A diagnosis of cancer can also affect family members such as a spouse of children, who may often find dealing with the diagnosis even more stressful than the patients themselves. This can often add to the burden of anxiety and so is important to address and understand.
Cancer affects each individual and their family in different ways and often people need to find their own way of coping. The process of coping can often be one of trial and error, before finding what works best for you.
Following are a number of suggestions that may be useful to some people to help them cope with their experience of cancer.
Talk to others family , friends, your doctor, nurses, counsellors or religious leader.
Information Finding information about your illness and treatment and the help available will add to your understanding of what you are dealing with. Fear of the unknown may create uncertainty and increase stress. Good sources of information are your treatment centre (Hospital etc) or the Cancer Council help line, which is 131120 in NSW
Support Groups Joining a support group will allow you to meet with other people coping with their illness and can be a valuable source of support and helpful ideas. A list of contact groups and national centres is available on this web site.
There are also groups for carers, contact the Carers Association on 1800 242 636.
Attitudes Our thoughts and attitudes have a great impact on how we feel about things. We may not always be able to change th3e things that happen to us, but we can influence the impact they have on our lives. It is important to acknowledge the positive as well as negative aspects of a situation. Be realistic and try to avoid jumping to conclusions, talking to others may give you a different perspective on circumstances. Family and friends are often very upset and fear that their emotions may further exacerbate the situation. Try not to be afraid of your emotions and the emotional reactions of others, try to be available to talk about the issue with loved ones.
Listen to Others Try to accept how your close family and friends are feeling, you don't have to solve their problems, just be there to listen. They may also be going through a tough time, so getting upset and crying are natural reactions. Not wanting to talk is also a normal reaction and may be a way of coping for some people. If you are particularly concerned with how someone is coping it may be useful talk to someone to find out how best to help.
Routine Many people find it beneficial to continue with life's daily routines. It is important to try to cheer yourselves up and take your mind off things, an outing or chat about future plans may provide some stress relief.
Manage Stress- Be aware of your stress levels and try to manage these. Signs of stress can include; restlessness, fear panic, racing thoughts, forgetfulness, muscle aches, irritability and a loss of enjoyment in activity and life. There are many ideas and methods that can assist with relaxation, including breathing exercises or gentle activities such as Yoga. Get to know your body and its normal reactions so that you can recognise the signs and symptoms of stress. Try to allow yourself regular time for relaxation so that it becomes part of your daily routine; stress relievers such as breathing exercises can be performed anywhere. These routines can be enjoyable and may have lasting effects throughout the day.
Find out what is best for you. Most people find that coping with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a difficult time. However, with time, most are able to cope and get on with their lives. Some people may need extra help, especially if there are other stresses in their lives. If you need further information or advice, talk to your treating team, the hospital Social worker or psychologist or your local or state Cancer Information Service, about what services might be helpful and available in your area.
You may have many questions about your care, your doctor and treating team will be guided be how much you want to know and the questions that you ask.
Make a list of questions to take to your appointment and perhaps take someone with you so that you don't miss anything. Don't be afraid to ask a number of questions or even to ask the same one twice. There are a number of good sources that can help answer questions, available through your local or State Cancer Information Service. Hospital and Community services may offer emotional support either individually or through support groups and networks. Sharing feelings, experiences and ideas can be valuable, spiritual belief may also bring comfort.
Ill health can disrupt family life, and the roles and responsibilities of family members may change. Family members may have different needs at different times, some may discuss issues openly and others may not. This requires patience and understanding and you as the patient should let people know what you are prepared to talk about, with whom and when.
It may be helpful to examine your lifestyle and responsibilities and to reassess your priorities and make adjustments accordingly. Learn to pace yourself and to listen to your body, accept offers of help from family and friends. The side effects of treatments can also take their toll on your mind and body. Your energy levels and self-esteem may be affected, so continue to recognise your strengths and remind yourself that your loved ones still recognise these traits in you. Try to maintain a healthy diet and good sleeping patterns in order to maintain your strength and assist your recovery from treatment.
Avoid trying to keep things from the patient. Often trying to 'protect' the patient often makes their fears even worse. Patients appreciate the opportunity and have a right to make important decisions that affect their lives. Continue to involve the patient in activities you shared and enjoyed in the past. Make specific offers of help that may be easy for the patient to accept, such as a lift or help with heavy bags etc.
It is important to allow the patient to take the lead in talking about issues, so try to be a good listener. Don't feel that it is up to you to make everything better, no matter how much you wish you could. Offer encouragement and convey affection, try to take time off from taking about the illness, physical contact and laughter are often excellent ways to help people cope.
Try to involve everyone concerned when dealing with important issues such as family matters. Children also need to have information about what is happening within the family unit or to their parents. Always remember, that even when ill, people are still the same person inside as they were before the problems began.
Family and friends are also affected by a cancer diagnosis; so don't forget to look after yourself too. Be realistic about what you can offer and do, if everyone can do a little, it make life easier all round.
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The symptoms of turf toe can include pain, swelling, and limited joint movement.
If they aren’t addressed properly, symptoms usually begin slowly and gradually worsen.
Turf toe is essentially a sprain of the ligaments around the big toe joint.
What causes turf toe?
The injury usually results from the excessive forces on the joint that are associated with running sports, especially on artificial turf.
Turf toe can also be caused by a direct injury leading to damage of the bone beneath the cartilage.
Even mild, but repeated, episodes of this trauma can result in severe pain and an inability to walk or run, a devastating outcome for a running athlete.
The foot and its functional capabilities maladapt when unhealthy footwear is worn for an extended period of time.
Optimally, the great toe and arch should rise pre-ground contact, in anticipation of the activity- related forces that are expected during weight-bearing and propulsion. This pre-ground contact muscle activation results in arch system stability and the ideal positioning of the great toe for optimal propulsion during toe off. This generates little or no stress on the big toe joint.
If this muscle firing sequence does not occur, or the big toe is prevented from rising due to tight restrictive footwear, the propulsion load-bearing forces exert extreme stresses on the big toe joint. It is these stresses that cause turf toe.
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In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano sailed along the coast of present-day North Carolina and established a French claim to the area. Francis I was not impressed by reports of the discovery; he had hoped for either a passage to the East or gold and silver.
About 1526, Spain entered the scene when Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon established a small settlement at Cape Fear, but it failed because of disease and lack of food. Hernando de Soto, also representing Spain, marched his men northward in a search for gold and entered western North Carolina in 1540. No permanent settlements resulted from the French and Spanish efforts in this area.
English efforts began in 1587 when an expedition formed by Sir Walter Raleigh was sent to establish the ill-fated settlement on Roanoke Island.
In 1629, a grant of the southern portion of greater Virginia was issued to Sir Robert Heath, a prominent court figure under Charles I. Other than honor the king by naming the colony for him (Carolus being Latin for Charles), Heath did nothing to develop his holdings.
The first permanent European settlement in northern Carolina was established in the Albemarle Sound region by Virginians, around 1653. In 1663, Charles II rewarded eight of his most loyal supporters by making them "lords proprietors" of Carolina. The new owners promptly divided their holding into three districts:
the Albemarle district in the north,already home to a small settlement of transplanted Virginians
- the short-lived Clarendon district surrounding Cape Fear
- the Craven district, which became present-day South Carolina.
Sir William Berkeley of Virginia, one of the proprietors, was designated governor of Albemarle in 1664; this area would assume the name North Carolina in 1691 and become a separate colony in 1712.
The settlers in northern Carolina were isolated from one another and other colonies. The coastal region was only slightly above sea level and choked with swamps and forests. Development centered around small farms engaged in the production of tobacco, corn and livestock; large plantations on the scale of those in South Carolina were rare.
Many colonists insisted that they were ill-served by the proprietors, and this domestic unrest, coupled with an unresponsive royal government and some outside threats, led to a series of unsettling events in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. These included Culpeper's Rebellion, the Cary Rebellion, the Tuscarora War, the predations of Blackbeard the pirate and the Regulator Movement.
North Carolina was designated a royal colony in 1729, a change that loosened the restraints on westward settlement. The settlers' increasing presence on the frontier led to further friction with the natives, particularly the Cherokee. The latter suffered a crippling defeat at Fort Dobbs, near present-day Statesville, in 1760.
The following year, a treaty was signed in which the Cherokee surrendered their claim to enormous amounts of land.
See Indian Wars Time Table .
- - - Books You May Like Include: ----
Roanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Colony by Lee G. Miller.
In November of 1587, a report reached London claiming Sir Walter Raleigh's expedition to land English settlers in America had foundered. The colony on...
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AUGUSTA, Ga. (Nov. 21, 2016) - Our brains have a basic algorithm that enables us to not just recognize a traditional Thanksgiving meal, but the intelligence to ponder the broader implications of a bountiful harvest as well as good family and friends.
"A relatively simple mathematical logic underlies our complex brain computations," said Dr. Joe Z. Tsien, neuroscientist at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, co-director of the Augusta University Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar in Cognitive and Systems Neurobiology.
Tsien is talking about his Theory of Connectivity, a fundamental principle for how our billions of neurons assemble and align not just to acquire knowledge, but to generalize and draw conclusions from it.
"Intelligence is really about dealing with uncertainty and infinite possibilities," Tsien said. It appears to be enabled when a group of similar neurons form a variety of cliques to handle each basic like recognizing food, shelter, friends and foes. Groups of cliques then cluster into functional connectivity motifs, or FCMs, to handle every possibility in each of these basics like extrapolating that rice is part of an important food group that might be a good side dish at your meaningful Thanksgiving gathering. The more complex the thought, the more cliques join in.
That means, for example, we cannot only recognize an office chair, but an office when we see one and know that the chair is where we sit in that office.
"You know an office is an office whether it's at your house or the White House," Tsien said of the ability to conceptualize knowledge, one of many things that distinguishes us from computers.
Tsien first published his theory in a 1,000-word essay in October 2015 in the journal Trends in Neuroscience. Now he and his colleagues have documented the algorithm at work in seven different brain regions involved with those basics like food and fear in mice and hamsters. Their documentation is published in the journal Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience.
"For it to be a universal principle, it needs to be operating in many neural circuits, so we selected seven different brain regions and, surprisingly, we indeed saw this principle operating in all these regions," he said.
Intricate organization seems plausible, even essential, in a human brain, which has about 86 billion neurons and where each neuron can have tens of thousands of synapses, putting potential connections and communications between neurons into the trillions. On top of the seemingly endless connections is the reality of the infinite things each of us can presumably experience and learn.
Neuroscientists as well as computer experts have long been curious about how the brain is able to not only hold specific information, like a computer, but -- unlike even the most sophisticated technology -- to also categorize and generalize the information into abstract knowledge and concepts.
"Many people have long speculated that there has to be a basic design principle from which intelligence originates and the brain evolves, like how the double helix of DNA and genetic codes are universal for every organism," Tsien said. "We present evidence that the brain may operate on an amazingly simple mathematical logic."
"In my view, Joe Tsien proposes an interesting idea that proposes a simple organizational principle of the brain, and that is supported by intriguing and suggestive evidence," said Dr. Thomas C. Südhof, Avram Goldstein Professor in the Stanford University School of Medicine, neuroscientist studying synapse formation and function and a winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
"This idea is very much worth testing further," said Südhof, a sentiment echoed by Tsien and his colleagues and needed in additional neural circuits as well as other animal species and artificial intelligence systems.
At the heart of Tsien's Theory of Connectivity is the algorithm, n=2?-1, which defines how many cliques are needed for an FCM and which enabled the scientists to predict the number of cliques needed to recognize food options, for example, in their testing of the theory.
N is the number of neural cliques connected in different possible ways; 2 means the neurons in those cliques are receiving the input or not; i is the information they are receiving; and -1 is just part of the math that enables you to account for all possibilities, Tsien explained.
To test the theory, they placed electrodes in the areas of the brain so they could "listen" to the response of neurons, or their action potential, and examine the unique waveforms resulting from each.
They gave the animals, for example, different combinations of four different foods, such as usual rodent biscuits as well as sugar pellets, rice and milk, and as the Theory of Connectivity would predict, the scientists could identify all 15 different cliques, or groupings of neurons, that responded to the potential variety of food combinations.
The neuronal cliques appear prewired during brain development because they showed up immediately when the food choices did. The fundamental mathematical rule even remained largely intact when the NMDA receptor, a master switch for learning and memory, was disabled after the brain matured.
The scientists also learnefd that size does mostly matter, because while the human and animal brain both have a six-layered cerebral cortex -- the lumpy outer layer of the brain that plays a key role in higher brain functions like learning and memory -- the extra longitudinal length of the human cortex provides more room for cliques and FCMs, Tsien said. And while the overall girth of the elephant brain is definitely larger than the human brain, for example, most of its neurons reside in the cerebellum with far less in their super-sized cerebral cortex. The cerebellum is more involved in muscle coordination, which may help explain the agility of the huge mammal, particularly its trunk.
Tsien noted exceptions to the brain's mathematical rule, such as in the reward circuits where the dopamine neurons reside. These cells tend to be more binary where we judge, for example, something as either good or bad, Tsien said.
The project grew out of Tsien's early work in the creation of smart mouse Doogie 17 years ago while on faculty at Princeton University, in studying how changes in neuronal connections lay down memories in the brain.
The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health, a GRA equipment grant, the Yunnan Science Commission and the Chinese Natural Science Foundation. Collaborators include scientists from the University of Georgia, BanNa Biomedical Research Institute in Yunnan Province and Tsinghua University in Beijing, China.
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Thyroglossal duct cyst is a congenital abnormality that is mostly associated with the hyoid bone. According to the medical surveys and reviews, the cysts in around 21% of patients globally felt only pain as a symptom and 41.6% are found with painless cystic swelling. This usually turns into malignant form if left untreated. In some cases, it becomes necessary to remove the cyst surgically in order to prevent the reoccurrence of thyroglossal duct cyst. Presently, no doubt modern pharmacy is preferred in emergency situations but leads to adverse side effects. In order to avoid the side effects and managing the symptoms naturally people need to change the mode of treatment and naturally improves the quality of life.
What is the Thyroglossal duct cyst?
Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is a common type of cyst that occurs in the neck region and the thyroglossal duct is embryological anatomy located in between the anterior and posterior part of the tongue. This part forms a connection between the thyroid and the base of the tongue. According to the literature reviews, the prevalence of this developmental disorder is about 7% population globally and 1% among them found out to be malignant. This can have equal chances of affecting males and females both. These kinds of cysts
What are the signs and symptoms of Thyroglossal duct cyst?
Thyroglossal cysts are mostly palpable fibrous mass and non-tender which grows up to 2-4 cm in diameter and can eventually increase in size.
Some of the noticeable signs are as follows
- Swelling along with pain
- Redness in an area where swelling occurs
- Recurrent discharge from cyst and swelling after sometime
- Deglutination (painful)
- Movement while swallowing (3)
- Breathing problem
- Small seizures or opening with mucous drainage
- Recurring infections in the respiratory tract
- Dyspnoea (1)
What are the causes of Thyroglossal duct cyst?
After the fertilization when organogenesis starts in an embryo, the development of the thyroid gland starts at the base of the tongue and moves down through the Thyroglossal duct. But abnormality occurs when this results in the formation of a pocket-like structure called a cyst. These cysts are fibrous structures lined by respiratory and squamous epithelium. In some cases, ectopic thyroid tissue can be seen usually within the cyst wall. These cysts are mostly asymptomatic and can occur as an abscess.
The physical and clinical aspects which confirm the cyst formation are as follows
- Ultrasonography neck (USG)
- Computerized tomography (CT)of the neck
- Radioisotope scan
- Blood tests
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Fine needle aspiration
What are the complications that may occur?
Sometimes there are few chances that even after treatment this may cause certain adverse complications like a reoccurrence of serious infections, excision, problem in breathing and swallowing, harshening of voice, etc. it may also lead to some serious disorders like thyroglossal fistula and thyroglossal cyst carcinoma.
Ayurvedic perspective of Thyroglossal duct cyst
According to the Ayurvedic concept, vitiated Tridosha results in the onset of the ailment. Cysts formation occurs due to aggravated Kapha dosha because this imbalance makes it difficult for the body in detoxification. This ultimately causes toxins or irritants surrounded by fluid that leads to cysts formation in the body. Some of the Indian Ayurvedic herbs which can manage the disorder naturally and dissolve the cysts are Kachnaar, Fenugreek, Curcumin, Manjistha, etc.
Best alternative natural treatment for Thyroglossal duct cyst by Planet Ayurveda
Planet Ayurveda provides the best herbal management for Thyroglossal duct cyst with the following products
Kachnaar Guggul tablets
Kachnaar guggul is a Planet Ayurveda’s classical Ayurvedic formulation that contains enormous medicinally important herbs like
- Kachnar bark (Bauhinia variegate)
- Amalaki (Emblica Officinalis)
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Haritaki (Terminalia Chebula)
- Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellerica)
- Black pepper (Piper nigrum)
- Pippali(Piper longum)
- Varuna (Crataeva religiosa)
These herbs in combination work synergistically in managing fibroids, ovarian cysts, goiter, fistula, etc. This product gives excellent results in treating benign and malignant cancers by maintaining healthy cells and tissues.
Dosage-2 tablets two times a day with plain water.
Fenugreek capsules have been manufactured with the standardized extract of high-quality Fenugreek/ Methika (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
Methi works exceptionally in terminating cysts formation because of its tremendous phytochemical and chemical constituents like Gitogenin, tigogenin, Vitamin A, C and K, zinc, magnesium, potassium, copper, etc. fenugreek shows excellent results in treating various disorders like diabetes, wounds, boils, abdominal pain, leucorrhea, anorexia, asthma, etc.
Dosage-1 capsule two times a day with plain water.
Curcumin (the active compound of turmeric) is being used in Ayurvedic medicines for years which is beneficial in treating various skin disorders, digestive disorders, etc. It possesses anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory,anti-bacterial and anti-microbial properties that make it efficient in managing symptoms of a tumor, inflammation, cysts, etc. Curcumin contains curcuminoids which help in neutralizing free radicals and induces apoptosis.
Dosage-1 capsule two times a day with plain water is recommended.
Nirgundi oil and Dashang lepa
Nirgundi oil has been processed with many herbs like.
- Tila oil (Sesamum indicum)
- Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia)
- Nirgundi (Vitex negundo)
- Kalihari (Gloriosa superba)
- Haridra (Curcuma longa)
This herbal oil has anti-inflammatory, anti-biotic, anti-pyretic, anti-arthritic etc. increasing its efficiency in balancing vitiated Vata and Kapha Dosha, leucorrhea, ulcers, etc. Vitex negundo(Nirgundi) in this formulation helps ease pain, skin disorders, and increasing appetizer. It is recommended to use it with Dashang Lepa that is composed of Shiris, Yashtimadhu, Tagar, Rakta Chandan, Elaichi, Jatamansi, Haridra, Daruharidra, etc.
How to use it
Mix Nirgundi oil with Dashang lepa and apply externally.
What are the benefits of preferring Planet Ayurveda for the best herbal treatment?
- Treatment and products will have any kind of side effects.
- 100% pure, vegetarian and natural products
- Maintains a healthy body naturally
- All the products formulated and manufactured are free from chemicals, preservatives, additives, starch, fillers, colors, etc.
- Production is done under the strict supervision of MD Ayurveda doctor and with high-quality herbs.
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The MSA project conducts environmental monitoring to measure radionuclide concentrations in various environmental media, including air, surface water, sediment, soil, natural vegetation, agricultural products, fish wildlife, and external radiation levels to assure the public that the dose and risk from Hanford contaminants are well understood. The data is also collected to monitor several chemical and metal levels in the Columbia River water and sediment, and in fish and wildlife. Surveillance activities focus on materials that are, have been, or potentially could be released from the Hanford Site; however, non Hanford releases are also considered. Surveillance occurs both on the Hanford Site and offsite at perimeter, community, and distant locations allowing characterization of releases from Hanford Site activities.
Environmental surveillance performs cumulative assessments of on-site and off-site environmental impacts and off-site human health exposures from Hanford Site operations. In most cases, the assessments are based on measurements made at the point of release (stacks and effluent streams) since releases of radionuclides from the Hanford Site are usually too low to be measured in offsite air and food crops. Environmental concentrations are then estimated using computer models and verified from the environmental monitoring results.
The information produced by PSRP Environmental Surveillance is published in the Hanford Site Environmental Report, and is also integrated with the environmental cleanup mission assessment activities. In addition, unusual results or trends are reported to the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office, pertinent regulatory agencies, and the appropriate facility managers on a timely basis.
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| 0.948412 | 311 | 3.21875 | 3 |
“Creatures, Sprits and Monsters” from YOUR folklore is the theme for SMA14. But how do these mysterious creatures operate? What are their powers? What food do they eat?? Over the coming weeks and months throughout the entry period, we will publish a series of “Yokai Case Files” on several mythical creatures from around the world to help inspire your manga.
From Shakespeare to Disney, the fairy folk are a rich source of literary inspiration. But are fairies the adorable creatures we are generally led to believe? The answer is much more complex than you’d think. Read on to learn about the darker side of these tiny creatures of European folklore…
Fata, Fay, Fae, Fair folk, Faery, Faerie
Forests; “realm of the fays”
Tiny, human shaped, wings, bad attitude.
All manner of forest delights.
Good old fashioned magic, including “dancing” you to death!
Fairies are essentially mortal, though long lived, so old age or accidental death await the Fairy Folk.
Fairies have been woven into the fabric of Western European, and particularly English folklore since before the Middle Ages.
An ambiguous creature, the Fairy resides in forests and have a direct link to the nature around them. Consequently, certain trees are sacred to Fairies such as the Rowen tree so tread carefully so as not to offend this proud and mischievous race of magical beings.
In Scotland, fairy society can be divided into two “courts” – the “Seelie Court” (beneficent, but still dangerous) and the “Unseelie Court” (downright malicious). The Seelie are more concerned with mischief but be careful not to offend those fairies in the Unseelie Court, for they gain much pleasure in murderous acts.
It is said that if you learn a fairy’s name, then you can summon them for gifts. But this arrangement could backfire, as a fairy is a servant to no-one if it can be helped so expect a vengeful response to your attempts of control!
With appearances in literature, from King Arthur to Peter Pan, art, and movies, the fairy has captured the imagination of generations. But is that by luck or design? Whenever you find yourself in a forest, always keep one eye open… you might not be alone…
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| 0.941572 | 520 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Hawaii volcano eruption
Incredible photographs show molten lava pouring into the Pacific Ocean, volcanic fissures erupting with brutality and lava fountains creating spectacular displays of fire.
The ongoing eruption of Kilauea is the largest in decades, destroying more than 40 homes to date.
Mount Kilauea is the most active volcano on the Hawaii's Big Island and more than 2,000 residents have been evacuated since the volcanic activity began on May 3.
Almost two dozen fissures have opened up since then, leaking out slow-moving lava and spewing dangerous sulphur dioxide.
An eruption last week shot ash and smoke 30,000 feet into the air.
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| 0.920377 | 139 | 2.75 | 3 |
Peseshet, who lived under the Fourth Dynasty, is often credited with being the earliest known female physician in ancient Egypt, though another, Merit-Ptah lived earlier. Her title was "lady overseer of the female physicians," but whether she was a physician herself is uncertain.
She may have graduated midwives at an ancient Egyptian medical school in Sais; midwifery must have existed, even though no ancient Egyptian term for it is known. The Hebrew Bible – while not a proven source for historical events prior to the 7th century BCE – refers to midwives in Exodus 1,16:
- "And he (i.e. the king of Egypt) said: ʻWhen ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women and see them upon the stools...’"
Peseshet’s history plays a key role in the 2009 novel Storm Cycle by Roy and Iris Johansen, which tells the story of an archaeologist seeking to obtain and sell cures and treatments that the novel’s Peseshet is said to have discovered, and of a researcher whose only hope of saving her sister may lie in one of those cures.
- Hermann Ranke: Die ägyptische Persönennamen. Verlag von J. J. Augustin in Glückstadt, 1935., p.137
- Plinio Prioreschi, A History of Medicine, Horatius Press 1996, p.334
- Lois N. Magner, A History of Medicine, Marcel Dekker 1992, p.28
- Sheldon J. Watts, Disease and Medicine in World History , Routledge 2003, p.19
- Giorgio Lise, Medicina nell'antico Egitto, Cordani 1978, p.41
- Paul Ghalioungui, Les plus anciennes femmes-médecins de l'histoire, in BIFAO 75 (1975), pp.159-164
- Mario Tosi, La donna nell'antico Egitto, Giunti 1997, p.79
- The Holy Bible, The British and Foreign Bible Society, London 1972
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| 0.864735 | 454 | 2.75 | 3 |
The modern mother's day celebration was inspired by American abolitionist, feminists, and poet, Julia Ward Howe (If you ever catch yourself singing: glory, glory hallelujah... you're singing her song). In response to the carnage of the civil war she wrote the mother's day proclamation in 1870:
Arise, then, women of this day!
Arise, all women who have hearts, Whether our baptism be of water or of tears!
Say firmly: "We will not have great questions decided by irrelevant agencies, Our husbands will not come to us, reeking with carnage, for caresses and applause. Our sons shall not be taken from us to unlearn All that we have been able to teach them of charity, mercy and patience. We, the women of one country, will be too tender of those of another country To allow our sons to be trained to injure theirs."
From the bosom of the devastated Earth a voice goes up with our own. It says: "Disarm! Disarm! The sword of murder is not the balance of justice." Blood does not wipe out dishonor, nor violence indicate possession. As men have often forsaken the plough and the anvil at the summons of war, Let women now leave all that may be left of home for a great and earnest day of counsel.
Let them meet first, as women, to bewail and commemorate the dead. Let them solemnly take counsel with each other as to the means Whereby the great human family can live in peace, Each bearing after his own time the sacred impress, not of Caesar, But of God.
In the name of womanhood and humanity, I earnestly ask That a general congress of women without limit of nationality May be appointed and held at someplace deemed most convenient And at the earliest period consistent with its objects, To promote the alliance of the different nationalities, The amicable settlement of international questions,The great and general interests of peace.
I think it's important to understand the roots of mother's day in American society. This is a holiday started by a women's movement for peace. It is a day to honor the women who raised us, sacrificed for us and who love us.
Although I thought today would be a difficult day, instead I am overwhelmed by a sense of appreciation and comfort. I am filled with the great spirit of my mother today, who provided me with an incredibly rich, love-filled life.
I am also filled with so much joy to be honoring my sister today, her first mother's day as a mother. It is truly wonderful watching Aynsley taking on this role with such confidence, instict and love. Little Eliza is in wonderful hands.
Happy Mother's Day.
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| 0.959842 | 564 | 3.046875 | 3 |
For more than 130 years, the Recollectine nuns led a faultless life in Durbuy. Anxious to help the residents, they opened a pharmacy and ran a school where local girls could be educated for a small fee. In order not to rely on others, they opened a boarding house for young girls of nobility and elderly ladies.
We remain indebted to them for various major projects that they completed in return for the land that they received. In 1725, the branch of the river that encircled the town and passed this exact spot dried up. The little city gained space and salubrity. However, the town continued to suffer from uncontrollable floods which regularly made the headlines until the construction of a flood wall next to the anticline in 1995.
The Sisters surrounded their property with a wall that remains partially preserved today. Twenty metres to the right, there is an ancient sealed-up gate dated 1725. The date indicates that this wall has nothing to do with the medieval surrounding wall which disappeared a little earlier.
Also in 1725, the Recollectine nuns furnished the town with its first stone bridge behind the Recollet church. Of the small humpback bridge, only a crucifix with the date remains. It is still visible on the current bridge.
Finally, it is worth noting that when approaching the anticline, you can see the 'ecaliers des béguines' or Beguine Steps which the intrepid Sisters carved out of the rock and which have led walkers to the top of the city for more than 200 years.
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26 1. Elementary Prime Number Theory, I
Theorem 1.21. Let m be a positive integer and let H be a subgroup of
There is a nonconstant polynomial F (T) ∈ Z[T] with the fol-
lowing property: Every prime divisor p of F , with finitely many exceptions,
satisfies p mod m ∈ H. Consequently, there are infinitely many primes p
for which p mod m ∈ H.
When H is the trivial subgroup we have just seen that F := Φm satisfies
the conclusion of Theorem 1.21.
Schur gave an elementary proof of Theorem 1.21 requiring only famil-
iarity with the theory of finite fields. A less elementary proof is outlined in
Exercise 20. When m is a prime number, Theorem 1.21 is contained in the
results of Chapter 2 (see, in particular, Theorem 2.15).
Suppose that a and m satisfy
≡ 1 (mod m), where a ≡ 1 (mod m).
Applying Theorem 1.21 to the 2-element subgroup of
by a mod m, we obtain a polynomial F (T) all of whose prime divisors (with
finitely many exceptions) satisfy either p ≡ 1 (mod m) or p ≡ a (mod m).
Schur showed (op. cit.) that if there is a single, suitably large prime p ≡
a (mod m), then the polynomial F he constructs cannot have all (or even
all but finitely many) of its prime divisors from the progression 1 mod m.
(See the first example below for an illustration of how this works.) So F
must have infinitely many prime divisors p ≡ a (mod m).
Since Dirichlet’s theorem is true, there is always a suitably large prime
p ≡ a (mod m) to be used in Schur’s argument, and so in principle, it
is possible to give a purely algebraic proof of Dirichlet’s theorem for any
progression a mod m satisfying
≡ 1 (mod m). Moreover, this is best
possible in the following sense:
Theorem 1.22 (Murty [Mur88, MT06]). Suppose m is a positive in-
teger. If F is a nonconstant polynomial with the property that every prime
divisor p of F , with finitely many exceptions, satisfies p ≡ 1 (mod m) or
p ≡ a (mod m), then
≡ 1 (mod m).
The proof of Theorem 1.22 rests on rather deep results in algebro-
analytic number theory. The principal tool required is the Chebotarev den-
sity theorem, which is a far-reaching generalization of Dirichlet’s theorem.
See [SL96] for a down-to-earth discussion of Chebotarev’s result.
Example. As an easy example of Schur’s method, consider the problem of
showing that there are infinitely many primes p ≡ 3 (mod 8). We start by
taking F (T) := T
+2. From the elementary theory of quadratic residues we
have that each odd prime divisor of F (T) satisfies p ≡ 1 or 3 (mod 8). Now
we observe that there is at least one prime in the residue class 3 (mod 8),
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| 0.871496 | 753 | 2.640625 | 3 |
People who have COPD often have a device or two that help with their breathing. My mom has four:
- Her oxygen concentrator
- Her liquid oxygen reservoir
- Her portable Helios oxygen tank
- Her nebulizer
Each one has various parts and attachments that need regular maintenance to stay relatively germ-free and functioning properly. So I thought I'd provide a checklist of things you should do to keep both you and your COPD equipment as healthy as possible.
Oxygen concentrators are electronic machines that extract pure oxygen from room air and transport it to your lungs via tubing and either a nasal cannula or face mask. Because oxygen, especially at higher flow rates, is extremely drying, the tubing is usually directed through a water bottle before reaching your person.
It's important to clean out the water bottle with warm water each time you refill it and to give it a good wash with a bleach solution at least weekly. And because plastic degrades over time, replace the water bottle every month or two.
You should also replace your oxygen tubing and nasal cannula monthly or whenever you notice the plastic getting darker, more opaque and/or brittle.
Finally, concentrators have a foam dust filter somewhere on their exterior. Be sure to take that off and clean it off frequently. It can also be washed more thoroughly, using a bleach solution. Be sure to let it dry completely before putting it back in place on the machine.
Liquid Oxygen Reservoirs
These are the big silver tanks that hold oxygen and are usually used when people first go on oxygen. They also have water bottles to humidify the oxygen and tubing that carries this precious gas to your airways.
Like the concentrator parts, be sure to clean the bottle regularly and to change out the tubing every month or so.
Helios Portable Tanks
Change out your tubing and nasal cannula on your Helios tank whenever you notice it getting brittle or stiff or changing color.
Also, if your tank gets dirty from being outside or setting down on floors, etc., you can wash it off with a damp cloth, as needed. I wouldn't advise using soap or any kind of cleaning solution though.
Nebulizers are machines that convert liquid medicine in suspension into aerosol droplets that can be inhaled into the lungs. They use compressed air, ultrasonic power or even oxygen to do this.
The medicine is poured into a small plastic cup that attaches to the machine via tubing and that has a mouthpiece you inhale from. This apparatus that attaches to the machine also needs to be replaced periodically.
Most nebulizers come with a semi-permanent apparatus, which can be washed with warm water and soap, as well as bleach solutions. This should be done at least once a week, though the tubing and cup should be thoroughly rinsed after every use.
Insurance coverages may vary, but most insurers will pay for a whole new apparatus at least a couple of times a year.
An alternative is to use a more disposable type of apparatus, which can be replaced every month or so. But even those should be rinsed thoroughly after every use.
Talk with your supplier to learn more about the individual recommendations for your particular nebulizer and to find out how often your insurer will pay to replace the tubing apparatus.
All equipment functions better with proper maintenance. So be sure you give your COPD equipment the proper care and attention and it will help keep you healthier in the long run.
Published On: November 12, 2011
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| 0.943173 | 724 | 2.546875 | 3 |
When a Supreme Court decision allowed Gary Gilmore to be killed by firing squad in 1977—the first execution in the United States in nearly 10 years —the modern era of the death penalty began. Since then, 1,379 people have been executed nationwide. More than one-third of that total—515 people—have died in a small, drab room dominated by a gurney, located at the Walls Unit prison in downtown Huntsville, Texas—by far the nation’s busiest execution chamber.
Since Oklahoma brutally botched an execution last month, the country has turned its attention again to the debate over whether the death penalty constitutes “cruel and unusual” punishment. So all eyes were on Texas this week as it prepared for what was expected to be No. 516. Although the convicted, Robert Campbell, was granted a stay of execution two hours before he was scheduled to be injected with lethal poison, the proceedings leading up to the last-minute postponement were a reminder of how adept Texas has become at sending inmates through death row—holding up what the New York Times characterized as the “ gold standard” of proficiency in capital punishment.
Story Continued Below
As a law professor in Texas who, along with my team, has represented well over 100 death row inmates over the past 20 years, I am often asked why Texas executes so many people. This is what I say: Texas executes so many people because it executes so many people. I’m not being flip. What I mean is simply that killing people is like most anything else; the more you do it, the better you get. If killing people were like playing the violin, Texas would have been selling out Carnegie Hall years ago.
To understand how the adage that practice makes perfect applies to the execution of a prisoner, it is helpful to understand the stages and legal intricacies of a death penalty case. The law surrounding the death penalty is complex and often must be dealt with swiftly, as court deadlines and execution dates loom. The more familiar lawyers, government administrators, prison wardens, executioners and the many other relevant actors are with the process, the better they are at seeing it all the way through until its lethal end.
Every death penalty case has what I call its four chapters. The first includes a murder, the arrest of a suspect and a trial at which the defendant is convicted and sentenced to death. The convicted then in most cases appeals to the state appellate court, and once the conviction and sentence are upheld, Chapter 1 is over.
But that’s just the start of it, and from there, the process only gets more specialized and complex. Chapter 2 consists of what’s called a habeas corpus appeal in the state courts, and Chapter 3 consists of a habeas appeal in the federal courts. Habeas proceedings deal with esoteric legal doctrines and constitutional issues that are often unique to death penalty cases. There are a variety of issues habeas lawyers contemplate, but the most critical role they play is to ensure that the trial lawyer in Chapter 1 has done his or her job well, especially at the phase of the proceeding where the jury has decided on the punishment. The bottom line is that whereas any trial lawyer would easily comprehend what happens in Chapter 1 of the death penalty process, Chapters 2 and 3 are a foreign language even to most practicing attorneys.
Chapter 4 is what in my office we call the crisis stage. Although the Supreme Court ruled five years ago that death row inmates have a right to federal counsel even in state-level, post-conviction clemency proceedings, many lawyers are still used to giving up a case once federal habeas proceedings are complete. As a result, it is common for new, volunteer lawyers to take on an inmate’s case in its final stages. What those new lawyers do is look to see whether the lawyers in Chapter 2 or 3 missed anything. And that is easy indeed to do. For one thing, the habeas lawyers often do not have adequate resources to do their jobs, and they are sometimes rather desultory in their efforts. In fact, for many years, the lawyers representing inmates facing death in Texas during Chapter 2 did not have to clear a very high hurdle to be deemed competent to do this highly specialized work. In one notorious case decided in 2002, the state’s highest court said that the lawyer merely had to have a bar card. This is tantamount to saying that a surgeon who amputates a patient’s left leg instead of his right arm is competent so long as his license to practice medicine is valid.
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<urn:uuid:e30c4b57-5405-4b6d-864c-2d7690d61147>
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CC-MAIN-2017-43
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http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/texas-death-penalty-106736
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823839.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020063725-20171020083725-00194.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.976413 | 941 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Bullies & Friends
The Lesson Plan
Themes: Bullying, Friendship, Problem-solving
Subjects: Language Arts, Visual Arts
Students will be able to:
- identify and discuss elements of the story
- make and confirm predictions
- discuss bullying and chart ways to stop bullies
- discuss new vocabulary words
- discuss friendship
- identify a special place
- chart paper and markers
- Goggles Response Sheet for each student
- goggles pattern for each student
- oak tag
- yellow construction paper
- feathers, jewels, stickers and other decorations
- Before the lesson, draw goggles pattern on sheets of oak tag for students to use in class.
- Take a picture walk, stopping before the page on which Peter is punched.
- predictions of what will happen in the story.
- the setting and characters: are they familiar from other Keats books?
- the words goggles, gasped, hideout, bully. Demonstrate a gasp, then ask the students to show what a gasp looks like and sounds like. Let them know that you will ask them to identify the bullies after reading the story.
- how good readers can see and hear in their heads what the words in the story are describing.
- Stop several times to discuss whether the students’ story predictions were correct.
- When Archie gasps, ask the students to remember what a gasp looks and sounds like.
- After reading about the older boy punching Peter, have the students make new predictions.
- Discuss the problem the characters have and how they could solve it.
- Discuss how the characters solved their problem.
- Why was it smarter for Peter and Archie to use their brains instead of their fists?
- Who were the bullies? How did the author make it clear they were bullies? What did the bullies do?
- Ask the students to recall the sequence of events. Record the events on chart paper.
- On separate chart paper, make a list of things the characters could have done to stop the bullies. Lead the discussion carefully into the importance of out-thinking a bully and not fighting him.
- Do girls ever act like bullies? Do they behave differently than boys?
- What could you say to a friend if you feel left out or if they are not treating you nicely?
- Which adult should you talk to if you need help with a bully or even a friend who is not being nice?
- Introduce the subject of safe places.
- Why did Peter and Archie run home? Did they felt safe at home? Ask: Do you have a special place in your house that you like to go to when you want to feel safe?
- Distribute the Goggles Response Sheet. Have the students draw a picture of their favorite place at home. Encourage kindergartners to attempt to label the picture; encourage first-graders to write two full sentences to describe the picture.
- Students make and decorate their own pair of “goggles.” Distribute the goggles pattern on oak tag and have the students trace it on yellow construction paper. Cut the paper around the goggles pattern. For first-grade and up, you might let the students cut out their own goggles.
- Assemble decorations for the students to glue on their goggles and have them form a line to choose whichever they want. When they are finished decorating, they can do a goggles parade around the room. Then they sit in a circle and talk about their favorite place or hideout at home or in their neighborhood.
Why We Like It
- The lesson plan has clear objectives: It involves the children in thinking about bullying and how to deal with bullies while teaching important reading and interpersonal skills. I love the way that friendship is an important discussion topic. I added some questions to include girls and the particular ways they can bully.
- The Goggles Response Sheet is a great way for children to respond in writing. The sheets can be compiled into a class book titled “My Favorite Place” or “A Place I Feel Safe.”
- The serious lesson ends on a lighter note, with an opportunity for the children to be creative and make their work unique. Ezra would have loved it!
This lesson plan can be used independently or included in the schedule of lessons and activities developed by the PACER Center (Parent Advocacy Coalition for Educational Rights) for National Bullying Prevention Month. PACER offers educator toolkits and action plans to bring its advance its anti-bullying message in the classroom.
A Note from Gayle
- October is National Bullying Prevention Month, and this lesson, adapted from “Lesson Plans for Goggles by Ezra Jack Keats” (Easy Literacy), lets children explore the complex subject and discuss ways to handle the problem.
- Then, get out the sparkles! Everyone makes and decorates their own construction-paper goggles—a very Keatsian touch.
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<urn:uuid:427a3ee2-4593-4bf0-ba33-485a64deab75>
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CC-MAIN-2018-30
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http://www.ezra-jack-keats.org/lesson-plan/bullies-and-friends/
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en
| 0.943994 | 1,019 | 4.40625 | 4 |
|list of wysiwyg tutorials||next tutorial|
Let's keep it brief for these tutorials [they're only to get you started after all].
Double-click the Home Page icon [either in the 'Navigation' window or in the 'Folder List' to make it the active file in the main window [single-clicking 'Page' in the 'Folder List' will also do the job - you choose!].
'This is the Home Page'
hit the 'Return' key and type [or copy and paste] this text from the FrontPage Help Files'
Pages are the basic documents of the World Wide Web and are written in HTML (HyperText Markup Language). Pages can either be part of a web, or they can stand alone. However, many features in Microsoft FrontPage are only useful if you are working with a web. For example, a navigation bar, which lets a site visitor navigate to other pages in a web, is meaningless in the context of a single page.
An HTML page contains HTML tags, which are embedded commands that supply information about the page's structure, appearance, and contents. Web browsers use this information to determine how to display the page.
You do not need to know HTML to use Microsoft FrontPage. While you edit pages as you would in a word processor — typing and formatting text, and adding graphics, tables, and other page elements — FrontPage adds the HTML tags in the background. Your page is displayed to you as it would appear in a Web browser. However, you can display the HTML tags on the page, and if you are familiar with HTML, you can write and edit the HTML tags yourself.
Creating and designing pages
To help you create professional-looking and well-designed web pages, FrontPage provides several page templates so you can quickly create pages with a variety of layouts and functions. For example, you can use a FrontPage template to create a two-column page or a page with a search form. You can also use one of several themes to create pages with a consistent design. A theme contains unified design elements with a color scheme, including fonts, graphics, backgrounds, navigation bars, horizontal lines, and other page elements.
If you prefer to design and lay out pages yourself, you can start with a blank page:
Use frames, tables, or absolute positioning to precisely position text and graphics on a page.
Add page elements, such as text, graphics, page banners, tables, forms, hyperlinks, banner ads, marquees, hover buttons, time stamps, hit counters, and so on.
Format text by applying styles or using style sheets.
Animate page elements and set page transitions for lively pages.
Set the background color, picture, or sound.
Create your own page templates.'
With that done we need to format it so select the main heading ['This is the Home Page'] centre it as you would in a word processor with the 'Center' button on the Formatting Toolbar and then use the style drop-down list [also on the Formatting Toolbar] to choose 'Heading 1'. The sub-headings of the text can be selected and formatted as bold. the last 6 lines [from Use frames ...] form a list so select them and click the 'Bullets' button on the Formatting Toolbar. Once created, the bullets can be altered by selecting the list, right-clicking and choosing from the options presented.
Save your work so far and open the file 'page2.htm'. Get the following content on the page - by typing or copy/pasting it
'This is the Second Page' [format this as a level 1 heading as you did on the home page]
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, the standard for describing the contents and appearance of pages on the World Wide Web. HTML consists of pairs of opening and closing tags, with attributes and values in between. The tags describe each element on a Web page, such as a paragraph of text, a table, or an image.
For example, the HTML code <H1 align="left">Welcome!</H1> describes a left-aligned paragraph on the page containing the text "Welcome!", formatted using the Heading 1 style. The </H1> tag indicates the end of the paragraph.
Save your work so far and open the file 'page3.htm'. Get the following content on the page - by typing or copy/pasting it
'This is the Third Page' [format this as a level 1 heading as you did on the home page]
A navigation bar is a set of hyperlinks used for navigating a Web site. For example, a typical navigation bar might have hyperlinks to the web's home page and its main pages.
You can display a navigation bar on every page in your web so that your site visitors can always get to the web's main pages, quickly and easily.
Navigation bars can use buttons or text hyperlinks.
You can create a set of hyperlinks to use for navigation yourself — that is, you can create your own set of buttons and link them to the relevant pages in your web, and repeat this on each page where you want a navigation bar. Or, you can set up the navigation structure of your web, and then let FrontPage create the navigation bars for you. FrontPage maintains the navigation bars it creates; if you move or add a page, FrontPage updates (recalculates the hyperlinks in) the navigation bar accordingly.
FrontPage can generate navigation bars only when you work with a web, rather than with separate pages.
Save your work so far and then move on to the next tutorial where we'll be putting a graphic in and getting FrontPage to create a navigation bar with links to each of the pages
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<urn:uuid:38139caf-749b-452b-9709-3c7650720be8>
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CC-MAIN-2017-34
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http://adams.htmlplanet.com/wysiwyg/wysiwygfp2.htm
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886108268.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821114342-20170821134342-00686.warc.gz
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en
| 0.824264 | 1,201 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The patent office awards U.S. Patent No. 743,801 to a Birmingham, Alabama woman named Mary Anderson for her “window cleaning device for electric cars and other vehicles to remove snow, ice or sleet from the window.” When she received her patent, Anderson tried to sell it to a Canadian manufacturing firm, but the company refused: The device had no practical value, it said, and so was not worth any money. Though mechanical windshield wipers were standard equipment in passenger cars by around 1913, Anderson never profited from the invention.
As the story goes, on a freezing, wet winter day around the turn of the century, Mary Anderson was riding a streetcar on a visit to New York City when she noticed that the driver could hardly see through his sleet-encrusted front windshield. Although the trolley’s front window was designed for bad-weather visibility—it was split into parts so that the driver could open it, moving the snow- or rain-covered section out of his line of vision—in fact the multi-pane windshield system worked very poorly. It exposed the driver’s uncovered face (not to mention all the passengers sitting in the front of the trolley) to the inclement weather, and did not improve his ability to see where he was going in any case.
Anderson began to sketch her wiper device right there on the streetcar. After a number of false starts, she came up with a prototype that worked: a set of wiper arms that were made of wood and rubber and attached to a lever near the steering wheel of the drivers’ side. When the driver pulled the lever, she dragged the spring-loaded arm across the window and back again, clearing away raindrops, snowflakes or other debris. When winter was over, Anderson’s wipers could be removed and stored until the next year. (This feature was presumably designed to appeal to people who lived in places where it did not rain in the summertime.)
People scoffed at Anderson’s invention, saying that the wipers’ movement would distract the driver and cause accidents. Her patent expired before she could entice anyone to use her idea.
In 1917, a woman named Charlotte Bridgewood patented the “Electric Storm Windshield Cleaner,” an automatic wiper system that used rollers instead of blades. (Bridgewood’s daughter, the actress Florence Lawrence, had invented the turn signal.) Like Anderson, Bridgewood never made any money from her invention.
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<urn:uuid:803c3e30-5a98-465a-b332-074a41e63a3c>
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CC-MAIN-2020-24
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https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mary-anderson-patents-windshield-wiper
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413551.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531151414-20200531181414-00552.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.974051 | 524 | 3.265625 | 3 |
In order for sculpting to give accurate and predictable results, Blender needs geometry to work with. One way to accomplish this is starting off with a highly subdivided mesh. The other way involves using either of two adaptive sculpting methods to add geometry dynamically.
Dynamic topology (aka dyntopo) is a dynamic tessellation sculpting method that adds and removes details under the brush. This works by first tessellating the mesh then applying the sculpting stroke on top of the tessellated mesh.
This makes it possible to sculpt complex shapes out of a simple mesh, rather than just adding details onto a modeled base mesh.
Dynamic Topology can be enabled in the Dyntopo panel.
The Multiresolution Modifier can be used to dynamically subdivide the mesh. The more subdivision the more computing will be needed. With the Blender stack non-destructive data, multiresolution sculpting will help when you have a clean topology base mesh.
When sculpting with multiple resolutions you have the ability to sculpt in different levels of subdivision, this mean you can sculpt some details in subdivision level 1 and add more details in subdivision 2 and go back to subdivision 1 correct some mistakes. While this workflow is often used, the Multiresolution Modifier has some limitations. You may end up with some mesh distortions. As an advice, add as most details as possible before adding more subdivisions. Clay brush works better with multiresolution sculpting to sculpt secondary forms.
Step up one multires level PageUp
Step down one multires level PageDown
Set multires level Ctrl-0 to Ctrl-5
Read more about the Multiresolution Modifier.
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<urn:uuid:cc39285e-9010-4a50-ac9b-8c58f731f5d9>
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CC-MAIN-2020-16
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https://docs.blender.org/manual/fi/dev/sculpt_paint/sculpting/adaptive.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371803248.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20200407152449-20200407182949-00369.warc.gz
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en
| 0.860314 | 349 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Contents: Preface. 1. The demographic and educational structure of women in India. 2. The occupational structure of women. 3. Projection of educated women and women labour force for 1990-2000 AD. 4. Demographic factors as the cause of women’s employment. 5. Consistency between the occupational prestige of husbands and wives. 6. Consequence of women’s employment on fertility. 7. Family composition and the sharing of domestic responsibilities. 8. Working women as home makers and as mothers. 9. Pattern of social interaction of working and non-working women. 10. Consequences of women’s employment on their attitudes.
"Women in India are facing various problems, these problems encircle their lives, their livelihood, their relationship with elders, their husbands and their colleagues when they work outside their homes. The old stereotype scenario is changing very fast and the new problems and dimensions are emerging. As the unemployment in India is on increase, women find themselves very hard-pressed for employment. The working women still find themselves in a very difficult position to adjust with the work and home, each one demands greater attention. The problems regarding pregnancy and maternity leaves still enrages many office bosses, they find it an excuse for sacking of their unwanted female staff. Certain services still demand unmarried girls as a qualification for job, the girls have to leave the job when they marry. Sexual exploitation and harassment is also becoming a bigger problem in big and small cities of India. The raising of children, teaching and education of the children demands greater time and energy. The office going women is unable to cope with these demands.
This book covers all these aspects and various other problems of women, their employment, and their problems very effectively. It is hoped that this book will enlighten women social workers, their organisations, social welfare administrators and social researchers alike." (jacket)
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<urn:uuid:9a728a92-a873-4a84-a464-4bfd850f3e3a>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.vedamsbooks.com/no31788/problems-women-education-employment-india-chhaya-shukla
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00291-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.966881 | 384 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Enjoy traveling? Planning a vacation? Dreaming of getting away? Whether you’ve traveled recently or a few years ago, you’re probably familiar with hotel services. Travelers typically leave their hotel room and when they return their room is completely refreshed with new towels, sheets and, if lucky, sometimes there are chocolates on the pillow.
These hotel services, however, have started to change. Over recent years, the green energy movement has picked up steam. Many people have changed simple things about their daily routines such as carpooling, composting leftovers or even letting their hair air dry to minimize their carbon footprint, reduce waste, conserve energy and overall benefit the environment. As a result of this movement, some hotels are transforming their operations to include eco-friendly practices.
Hospitality industry instrumental in environmental changes
The hospitality industry is huge and can include all things related to tourism but let’s just focus on hotels. Hotels are everywhere. Think about how many hotels are within the radius of your city, and then your state. According to the American Hotel and Lodging Association (AH&LA), in 2013 there were approximately 52,000 hotel and lodging properties in America with more than 15 rooms. That equates to almost 5 million guest rooms for travelers. Can you even imagine how many hotels and similar lodgings there are around the world?
Since this industry is so large, the slightest of changes could have a major impact. The U.S. Green Buildings Council suggests that hotels spend approximately $4 billion in energy annually. Therefore, if hotels implemented eco-friendly practices they could be instrumental in changing energy consumption, water usage and waste diversion and potentially cut energy costs. For example, according to Energy Star, a Marriott in Michigan changed to CFLs and saved an upward of $40,000 in maintenance and energy costs.
Hotels gone green
Many hotels have already joined the green movement. The AH&LA suggests that environmental awareness within the industry exploded in 2005. Avid travelers may have noticed the changes in hotel operations since then. Although hotels implement different practices to reduce environmental impact, many practices are shared across hotels.
#1) Housekeeping cuts towel exchange. At many hotels, housekeeping no longer exchanges your towels for clean ones automatically. Unless you ask or place the towels in the designated area for rotating, you’ll probably shower with the same towel night after night. By limiting towel replacements, hotels are reducing energy and water consumption.
#2) Limited control of thermostat. Air conditioning in a hotel in the United States is expected, however, if you travel abroad it’s often viewed as a luxury. If your hotel offers AC and is energy-conscious it’s likely they have an energy management system in place to regulate individual room temperatures. This prevents guests from increasing or decreasing their room temperature too much.
#3) Low-flow showerheads and faucets. Hotels often use low-flow showerheads and faucets to conserve water. In comparison to standard showerheads your water pressure seems low but that’s because standard showerheads use 2.5 gallons of water per minute whereas low-flow showerheads use 2.0 gpm. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the average family could conserve almost 3,000 gallons of water per year by installing water efficient showerheads. Energy Star reported that Loews Hotels implemented energy savings projects such as upgrading showerheads and toilets, which led to a 50% decrease in water flow rate.
#4) Cold pools. If you’ve ever attempted to go into your hotel pool early in the morning it’s likely you’ve thought it was too cold. That’s probably because many hotels lower pool temperatures when the pool isn’t in use, such as overnight. The EPA encourages hospitality businesses to manage their pools and spas as another way to go green.
#5) Newspapers only available in lobby. Print newspapers used to be distributed to each hotel room for guests to catch up on current events. Many hotels have changed this practice and now only offer print newspapers in common areas such as the lobby for guests to share. This helps hotels cut back on waste.
By incorporating eco-friendly principles, hotels are attempting to reduce energy, water and waste and offer travelers a more environmentally friendly habitat. Now many hotels offer more than just clean sheets. They offer solutions for a cleaner environment.
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<urn:uuid:921145c4-c73a-429e-970c-a869810b04a4>
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CC-MAIN-2016-50
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https://www.saveonenergy.com/green-energy/green-hotels/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542246.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00122-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.955074 | 913 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Wait. What? This is a joke, right? Doesn’t every Mac user know how to zip up files? Apparently not, as a few of my friends, neighbors, and a few co-workers will testify. One response I get is, “Why do you need to zip up files?”
Back in the day, Mac users would stuff files into archives– usually a compressed file filled with folders and various files– just to save space. Or, archive files to send to other users. These days, Apple’s devices with macOS and iOS have a sharing option which seems to have relegating archive options to quaint status. And, yes, too many Mac users don’t even know about the right-click option on a file in the Finder which brings up other options– including Archive, a term which has been replaced by Compress.
Still, there are times when Mac users need to gather a few files together, drop them into a folder, zip them up into an archive and store away or share with others. The Compress function in macOS works for a file or folder of files, but the options are, well, limited. My favorite Mac archive tool is BetterZip, but that’s overkill for most Mac users. If all you need is to zip up a few files, encrypt them for security, here’s the app that does it for free.
The app is iZip and it’s a step-by-step method to zip up files into a compressed archive and add encryption and a password for security.
Options are straightforward, even for users new to the Mac. Click New to open the New Archive Assistant. Click Specify Name to create a new archive.
Yes, you can do much of this– without the Zip– in Disk Utility, but it doesn’t get any easier than using iZip. Next, there’s an option for even more compression. Don’t bother unless file space or transport is an issue.
The next option is to use a password. Then you’re ready to add files. Again, this may not be as easy as using the Compress utility in the Finder, and it has fewer options than Disk Utility, but it is simple and has just the right options for most of us.
Drag and drop the files and folders of files you want to compress onto iZip.
That’s about it. Click Next once more and then the final option and zipping begins. iZip will tell you how many megs remain to be zipped up in the archive and you’re good to go.
In the end, you get a quick and easy zip archive utility that can compress files, add a password and encryption (256-bit AES, if you prefer), and outputs a zip file compatible with other Macs and Windows users.
Archives show up as removable storage options in the Finder so you can see what’s inside. And, it’s not just a zip archive. iZip handles RAR, TAR, TAR.GZ and 7ZIP, too. There’s also an option to use an online file sharing service if sending larger archives by email is prohibitive.
Is iZip the best, most comprehensive zip solution or archiver available for the Mac? No. But it works well, it’s free, and it does what the Compress function in the Mac’s Finder does not– add password and encryption (you can do that by jumping through some Terminal.app hoops).
Not bad for free.
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<urn:uuid:fe30cc72-0795-4450-89f3-d535d385a097>
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CC-MAIN-2020-05
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https://bohemianboomer.com/2017/04/how-to-zip-files-for-free-on-a-mac/
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en
| 0.925749 | 745 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Mastery in Maths Policy 2016
The Mastery-learning model forms the basis of our approach to traditional teaching. This means spending greater time going into depth about a subject as opposed to racing through the things that all children should know. Previously, racing through content lead to some children having large gaps in subject knowledge because the concept they had just learnt was either too big or learnt too quickly. As a primary school, it is our duty to ensure that children have an absolutely solid, concrete understanding of subject knowledge and skills as well as being emotionally resilient for secondary school.
Now, we have the confidence to take learning at a steadier and deeper pace, ensuring that no child is left behind, as well as providing deeper and richer experiences for children who are above the national expectation for their age.
We focus on all children achieving what is expected of their age group and not going beyond this. Evidence shows that children need to be able to understand a concept, apply it in a range of situations and then be creative to really understand it. Simply going beyond their age group does not guarantee they understand something, it just means they have heard it.
At our school no child will be taught content from the year group above them, they will spend time becoming true masters of content, applying and being creative with new knowledge and skills in multiple ways.
In short, this means working towards:
•Teach less, learn more: less teacher talk and more evidencing learning and progress
•No child left behind: all children are enabled to keep up every day.
•Space and time to experience and apply, with all children entitled to additional support to ensure they do not fall behind or to go deeper
•Understanding real life applications wherever possible to make learning relevant and not abstract; nothing should be taught without a purpose.
All of this means that there is a change in the way we teach and assess children, most notably in how we organise the children’s learning and how we report their progress to parents.
We will be doing more of this:
•Teaching all children in class, together, most of the time
•Verbal feedback during lessons, shorted comments in books and more ticking of correct concepts
•Spending longer on one idea
•Giving children who need it, additional support over shorter, more intense periods, like a day or week.
•Daily or weekly mini assessments with a few formal tests over the year
And less of this:
•Formal marking with lots of written feedback and highlighting
•Covering lots of ideas in one week
•Formal, long term interventions to boost them out of class
•Separating children into ability groups
•Formal testing of children weekly or termly
This approach is seen as good practice. It is promoted by the government and seen as the best way to deliver the new national curriculum.
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Fiber optic gyroscope technology
For over a decade, optical fiber-based interferometric techniques have been investigated for use in rotation sensing. Research began in the mid-1970s when the pioneering work of Vali and Shorthill demonstrated for the first time the application of fiber optics for rotation sensing. This research effort, spawned in a number of laboratories worldwide, was instrumental in bringing about significant advances in a number of component-related areas, especially in polarization maintaining (PM) fiber, PM fiber couplers, fiber polarizers, and sources. The performance of fiber optic gyroscopes improved over the years, with significant progress linked to a number of important developments, such as identification of the need for reciprocity and introduction of the super luminescent diode (SLD), which led to dramatic improvements due to the practical elimination of Rayleigh backscatter noise and drift due to the Kerr effect.
This article is only available as a PDF.
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Use the filter menu and interactive map to explore the past competitions offered and grants awarded through the Environmental Literacy Program.
To learn more about project findings and outcomes, view the summaries of our grantees’ summative evaluation reports.
Teen Advocates for Community and Environmental Sustainability (Teen ACES)
The Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago (MSI) developed museum-based education resources to engage high school-age youth in the exploration of climate literacy and Earth systems science through its Teen ACES (Teen Advocates for Community and Environmental Sustainability) project. As the future leaders who will make decisions about the issues they face in their communities, youth participants were positioned to act as advocates for establishing resilient communities in the Midwest. The project utilized a variety of resources, including NOAA Science On a Sphere® (SOS) technology and datasets, Great Lakes and local climate assets from the Midwest Regional Climate Center and Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, and existing local planning guides to develop museum-based youth programming. Teens explored environmental hazards including severe weather events and temperature extremes and considered the impact of the Great Lakes on regional climate. The Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, Resilient Chicago, the Institute of Environmental Sustainability at Loyola University Chicago, and the South Metropolitan Higher Education Consortium advised on the project to support the integration of municipal resiliency plans and their related adaptation and mitigation measures into the program. After completing a 30-hour course with MSI, teen participants had the opportunity to facilitate SOS® experiences for museum guests. Teens also shared their learning with the Chicago community through programs at Chicago Public Library branches and Chicago Park District sites. The project revised content for use in 102 after-school science clubs for students from diverse communities across the Chicago area. Educational resources and experiences created through this grant reached nearly 150,000 students, educators and guests over four years.
Recharge the Rain: Community Resilience through STEM Education
Arizonans face environmental hazards from extreme heat, drought, and flooding. Watershed Management Group and partner Arizona Project WET’s “Recharge the Rain” project addressed these threats by building environmental literacy among 4-12th grade teachers, students, and the public. The project centered on educator professional training and hands-on water harvesting skills. Participants moved through a continuum from awareness to knowledge gain, to conceptual understanding, and ultimately to action. Utilizing data and experts from NOAA assets, we strengthened the capacity of residents to be resilient to our local climate threats. This 4.5 year project 1) developed and immersed 14,452 students in STEAM curriculum incorporating water harvesting that increases understanding of earth systems, engineering design, and weather; 2) applied systems thinking to train 52 teachers and 191 community volunteers in water harvesting practices and citizen-science data collection; 3) involved 8,289 Tucson community members in water harvesting principles; 4) implemented 21 teacher/student-led water harvesting projects at schools; and 5) celebrated our community work with student artwork. RtR became a call for action and an inspiration for change and adaptation to extreme weather conditions in the urban environments of the Sonoran Desert putting Tucson at the core of understanding climate, adaptation, and community.
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The tactics, technologies, projects, all the tanks in service today around the globe…
Tanks have changed. Since the sixties, there is a worldwide consensus about the main battle tank design (MBT), in terms of speed vs armor vs weaponry. The “magic triangle” is now filled by many models, in many armies. Those whose economic conditions allow access to second-grade foreign export models are now building derivatives under licence or even their own MBT (although always with a basis in foreign components).
A good example is China which developed Soviet-flavour tanks with western technologies. The current T99 is a perfect example of these influences. Usually nuclear powers, or suspected ones, are likely to produce their own domestic MBT model. This includes Israel with the Merkava, India with the Arjun, Pakistan with the Al-Khalid (although based on the Chinese Type 90IIM) and Iran with the Zulfiqar. The first generation (1945-1970s) was succeeded by a second generation around 1975, and followed by a third generation in the 1990s. The differences between these are considerable, even if in appearance they are similar in some ways.
The heritage and experiences of WW2 led the definition of a “do-it-all” medium/heavy tank, later called “main battle tank” (in the 1970s) that would be first demonstrated with the Centurion. At that time, armor thickness and firepower were essential; mobility depended on powerful engines and modern suspensions, generally of the torsion bar system. Leaf springs and Christie coils were not up to the task with the usual heavyweights of that time, those of the 35+ tons class. The main efforts were put on the development of better sloped armor, new turret shapes, and main guns of the 75 mm – 120 mm range, 90-100 mm being the norm for MBTs at that time. Optics made some progress, but engagement range was still between 500 and 3000 m in direct fire, and the tank needed to stop to fire accurately at a range greater than 200 m. Rolled homogeneous armour imposed itself (Rolled homogeneous armor, or RHA, is a type of armor made of a single steel composition, as opposed to layered or cemented armor) but armour thickness was between 13 and 120-150 mm depending on the model, which could be an armored car, a light tank, a medium or a heavy tank. The MBT was usually considered as fitting between the medium and heavy type. The heavy class disappeared first in the 1950s, its poor mobility condemned by the good balance of the new mediums, and the light tank type survived until the 1960s, largely replaced nowadays by IFVs.
An unequal duel between ammunition and protection
In the 1960s, there were already concerns about the ability of RHA armour against the new am,munition. Classic AP rounds with hard steel or tungsten-core (later refined as the armour-piercing, composite rigid (APCR) or HVAP) were indeed already eclipsed by the nasty HEAT rounds, using metal superplasticity characteristics similar to shaped-charge weapons. These were available in the early 1940s and reigned supreme in parallel with the armour-piercing discarding sabot, or APDS, pioneered by Brandt in 1940 and refined in the UK until 1944.
These were supplied to the QF 6-pdr anti-tank gun and the famous 17-pdr, the best allied tank cannon by then. The idea was to launch a heavy tungsten carbide penetrator using the “slingshot effect” of its ammo container. That was basically the same idea as the ancient warriors attaching straps on javelins which provided additional speed though a lever effect. This led to the rise of the APFDSDS or armour-piercing, fin-stabilized, discarding-sabot using the same principle but with an arrow-shaped kinetic energy penetrator made of a super-hard component. The destruction of the tank was the result of pure kinetic energy by the means of a relatively small object (A modern 120 mm round only launches a dart half its size or less), and the race in the 1970-1980s was to find the hardest possible material, which was attained by depleted uranium (DU).
Tapered-bore guns with APCNR rounds used a relatively similar technique to increase the speed of the projectile with this time a “soft” projectile squeezed down when reaching the barrel muzzle, but the very short life of the barrel condemned the idea which never survived WW2.
The threat of hand-held shaped-charge projectiles, from the WW2 Piat, Panzerfaust and Bazooka to their modern counterpart, mass-produced RPGs, made imperative the protection of usually-sacrificed protection areas, like the sides, top and rear of a tank. Indeed, infantry were increasingly good at approaching from the flanks or rear of a tank to strike. Specialization of MBTs in tank-to-tank engagements made it imperative to work on this Achilles heel that existed since WW1- extreme vulnerability of tanks in an urban environment. It was not only the threat of infantry that ordained the concept of spaced armour in 1943, which is still in use today, but in the 1960s the US and other nations tried various concepts of armed cupola/turrets tailored to protect the operator, who was very vulnerable in close-quarter combat, being half-way out of the turret. This led naturally to the remote-controlled light weapons of the 1980s. Israel refined these systems during the long, protracted urban warfare of the 1980s in Lebanon.
The Europeans by the 1960s were acutely aware of this gap between the new type of ammunition and the classic RHA. The Europa-Panzer project tried to answer this by putting the emphasis more on mobility and firepower. With a better gun and better optics a tank can in effect out-range and defeat another tank before being inside its range, and could also avoid being targeted efficiently and hit by a weapon of superior speed and agility. Both improvements, in theory, rendered protection almost useless, and in the 1960s, both the Leopard and AMX-30 that resulted from these studies were woefully under-armoured, but that would change in the late 1970s. By then, electronics, combined with better optics, rendered possible firing on the move, thanks to the invention of the gun stabilization system, connected to a ballistic computer and a laser rangefinder. These three innovations combined to make all the firepower more efficient on the 2nd generation main battle tanks, which were followed by the necessary return of the emphasis on protection and its refinements, through composites and ERA. (See later).
Most experts agree that this new generation was mostly the result of better electronics and sensory equipment and a general advancement typical of the digital era. However, other innovations are more down-to-earth. Indeed, the basics only changed in degree compared to the 2nd generation. The main armament for a MBT is now universally set to 120 mm (with or without an autoloader), which allows a great deal of versatility and efficiency with existing rounds like the APFSDS. Improvements with rounds usually consisted of finding better round compositions using computer simulations, but the greatest change is in the accuracy provided to the gun itself.
Computer-assisted research led to devising better materials and compositions through less expensive computer-generated trials and simulations, helping in turn to refine the composition of today’s composite armour. For better cost-efficiency and greater upgrade pace, modular armour was also introduced, to integrate these new configurations, which also included better composite materials like carbon fiber. The composite layers could indeed help defeat any round configuration, from HEAT to Sabot, using just one versatile sandwich recipe.
Mobility did not change much in appearance, still relying on 6-7 relatively small roadwheels suspended by torsion bars. But the introduction of hydro-pneumatic suspension (pioneered already in the 1960s for the very atypical Swedish S-tank) seemed to be more usual, and perhaps the next logical step. When combined with a digital computer with GPS and big data management, it can automatically set the right suspension hardness to fit the terrain, or even prevent driving errors and/or provide driving correction on the move.
Another feat of engineering was to marry the advantages of the diesel with a turbine. Several modern tanks, like the Abrams, the T-80 and the Leclerc indeed favoured this formula (already pioneered also by the S-tank) that can provide an enormous speed boost, albeit through high fuel consumption. The diesel is used for cruising and generally feeding on-board electrical systems while the turbine acts as an auxiliary energy source when the main engine was shut down. Computer gearbox and consumption management now help to save fuel and better manage the engine’s durability. Let’s not forget that the usual engineering rules applied to civilian products, which impose a short life cycle for the sake of sales marketing, are normally irrelevant in the military. An MBT today is so expensive to design and so easy to upgrade that its life expectancy more than doubled, to reach 50 years plus. Best examples of this are the Soviet T-72 and American Abrams, that are still first-line and still relevant after several upgrades..
But the real game-changers are probably electronics and digital equipment. These are not external changes but they brought battlefield efficiency to new heights, thanks to several systems. For the gunnery, improvements consist of a better laser range finder, with a better and faster, fully automated data management system that allows the “hunter-killer” capability. This began with detection through satellite and/or drone-provided intelligence and long-range infrared recognition, (much superior to the human eye) to laying the gun with the proper parameters and ammunition according to the target’s own moves and the battlefield terrain. Improved gun stabilization systems and better gyroscopes allow a gun to stay on target, regardless of the tank’s own movement or the actions of the target. This data management combined with rapid-loading or assisted loading also allows engaging several targets in a short period of time. Long range accuracy would be a mix of sensory data of extreme acuity and diversity, combined with all the power of modern computation to give an extremely precise and fast gunnery solution, automatically transmitted to the gun laying system.
Towards a 4th generation:
What the future could bring is the possibility of a fully automated tank, a ground-based version of an armed drone. Eliminating the crew would provide extra room for ammunition for example, but could also dramatically reduce the size of a tank. That would result in better mobility and relative stealth on the battlefield.
Indirect fire capabilities seem to be no longer necessary since extremely efficient SPGs are now available, firing 150 mm rounds in quick bursts, very accurately at 60 km and more thanks to rocket-assisted rounds. But a complex and costly system like a MBT must be capable of dealing with all kinds of threats, and were and are still used in practice for artillery support, although this is not their primary goal. Well-assisted by drones, satellites, friendly infantry, and geo-tactical intelligence data which could be integrated with other factors (such as weather parameters, natural environment, strategic objectives, other threats) the MBT is often managed today by a data bus and ends up on digital displays that could help such indirect fire. On maximal elevation, an HE round could fly at a maximum of 3000 to 5000 m depending on the round and weather. It’s far less than a modern SPG however, but one could imagine assisted rounds to be provided for certain missions. Standard HE anti-personal rounds that rely on blast effects could now be advantageously replaced by “mother” rounds containing a cluster of bomblets for a maximal fragmentation area.
On the battlefield, speed is a form of active protection when speaking of traditional gunnery. Speed is also a definitive asset in any form of offensive. Very high performance is provided by supercharged diesels of about 1500 to 2500 bhp, with speeds up to 75 kph and more, and tremendous torque for impressive off-road capabilities. Turbine engines are even more powerful. This comes at a price however. These costly engines are specifically tailored for these tanks as well as their transmissions, resulting in high manufacturing and high maintenance costs. These engines are multifuel to provide more versatility, and are envisioned to provide more than 800 kms of operational range at a moderate pace on flat terrain.
The main armament is now well-established around a very long-barrel, very high-muzzle-velocity 120 mm gun or more. This 50 caliber is now standard, and a “tank killer”, thanks to a great variety of costly but very efficient AP rounds, even small missiles or laser-guided shells, and all-terrain dual-axis aiming control, fast-fire control systems, advanced dual-stabilizers, and powerful computerized threat-analysis and response software. These all contribute, not only to a kill range of six to eight kilometers, but also to prioritize and treat with an extremely accurate and fast rate of fire every possible threat, from nearby infantry to helicopters and light armour. As these tanks are very costly, primary missions are spearheading an offensive, the protection of armoured transports and tank hunting, but also close support missions, or even reconnaissance in high density (urban) areas.
The rate of fire can be improved with an autoloader which can replace the third crewman in the turret. This permits the development cost-effective three-man tanks, the possibility of smaller or better protected turrets, increased ammunition storage, augmented rate of fire, and improved safety. Many current MBTs use an autoloader.
Ammunition is generally divided into three main categories. The traditional HE (high explosive) which is chiefly an anti-personnel round, could still disable light armour and fortified positions due to its concussion.
MBTs are built in limited number due to their tremendous cost, ranging from 1.5 to 2 million dollars for second hand (Soviet) tanks to 17-18 million for modern MBTs like the French Leclerc.
Armour is still the main passive protection of a modern MBT, but the applications are varied and always layered, and exact composition of the main armour is one of the well-guarded secrets of any military establishment. This includes modern composites like carbon fibres, titanium and ultra-high-resistance special steel plates and other composite alloys, as well as ceramics, like the Chobham armour, (developed into the Dorchester armour for the Challenger II) which proved its usefulness in the Gulf Wars. The order of the sandwiched layers and the relative thickness of the various sheets are all highly classified. Traditional armour was made of reinforced RHA to make plates up to 330 mm thick on the 1960-1970 tanks. But all these are passive protections.
One of the best active defences was developed by Israel to deal with the ever-present RPG threat. RPGs, with their shaped-charge projectiles are low-cost and were effective in Lebanon in the 1980s. Israel responded with the ERA (Explosive Reactive Armour) now widespread among developed countries as a relatively cheap, modular, and effective way to protect a tank. ERA was also designed to deal with HEAT and kinetic energy penetrators. ERA is made of relatively small, composite, layered bricks, which are bolted to prepared supports. ERA needs to cover all the sensitive areas to be effective. One of the biggest problems is related to the immediate concussion effect of an external explosion to the infantry operating close by. Another kind of active protection is made of decoy projectors, chaff, and active countermeasures similar to those on board military aircraft.
Tanks in the digital era
As well as mobility, firepower, and protection, information is paramount on a battlefield. Nowadays it’s the new frontier of tactical awareness and communication which focuses the attention of military planners. Victory is a combined strategy which employs a great deal of intelligence, gathered from space or from drones of all kinds, and permanent communication between all the components of a combined-arms strategy. (More to come…)
M95 Degman (1995)
This little known Croatian main battle tank was developed by the Đuro Đaković company. It was to be an improvement of the Yugoslav-era M84, also built by the same company before the war erupted. The M84 and the M-90 Vihor tank which followed were derived from the T-72M. The new tank was much improved and had a 1200 hp engine, RACAL com set, CBRN suite and digital battlefield management and diplays, SZ 2000 CBRN NBC system, Slovenian Fotona sights and optics, LIRD-4B FCS and laser irradiation warning system, and new Diehl tracks, whereas the protection systems were developed with Elbit Systems. There was in particular a Rafael-Samson Remote Controlled Weapon Station (RWS) coupled with a grenade launcher. Upgrades include the fitting of a Swiss RUAG Defence 120mm compact gun, ECM and LAHAT ATGMs. Two prototypes were built, now operational, but no production followed, although their conception helped the transitional upgrade to the M84D Croatian main battle tank.
Eastern MBTs: Asad Babil & Type 96
One of the most heavily armed middle east nations in 1990 was Iraq, armed and support by the West against Iran, a country that threatened regional oil supplies in the Iran-Iraq war. The “Lion of babylon” was not properly “built” from scratch, it was locally assembled from T-72 parts mixed with locally-made armoured plates and comprehensively downgraded. It ended as probably the worst MBT ever built, and fared poorly in both gulf wars. on the other hand, the Type 96 was the product of a ling lineage of Chinese tanks since the Type 59 of the 1960s, a copy of the T-54A. The Type 96 has been mass-produced since the mid-1990s and in its 2000s A/G version, is comparable to Western 3rd generation MBTs. This model replaced all other tanks currently in service from previous generations, namely the Type 59, 69, 79, 80, 88 and possibly even 85. Such prolific lineage only masks the state of uncertainty and trials and errors of a relatively seclusive and isolated nation, at least until the 1990s.
Modern European SPGs
In two releases, we revealed two models that made the pride of the German, Italian, Dutch and Greek armies (Panzerhaubitze 2000) and the British AS-90 Braveheart. Two good examples of the finest examples of a genre that was first defined in 1918 with the Gun Carrier Mark 2. Progress were registered in the science of ballistics and rounds performances, electronics, communication, and GPS positioning and both can fire in semi-automatic mode in short bursts and at ranges which were once reserved only to battleships: 40 up to 60 kilometers, thus providing a deadly accurate, even efficient against moving targets, fast-firing artillery support anywhere in a 80-120 km radius.
Zulfiqar MBT (1992)
This modern Iranian tank was first designed by Brigadier General Mir-Younes Masoumzadeh of the self-sufficiency of the armed forces. The name is from the legendary sword of Ali, the first Shiite Imam. Puzzling for world experts as it looks like much as the M1 Abrams, the Zulfiqar is made of bits of technology from the Soviet T-72 and American M48 and M60 tanks. But despite its generous dimensions, the first Zulfiqar 1 was rated for 36 tonnes with a 780 hp diesel engine. The Zulfiqar 2 and 3 (in service today) were much-developed versions, armed with the 125 mm smoothbore gun and weighting 52 tons, for 1000 hp engine.
Ramses II Main Battle Tank
The strangest russo-american hybrid ever…
Looking only superficially to the T-54, the Egyptian national tank is a good illustration of a country swapping from soviet-built to US-built tanks and make a modernization campaign which end to the “best of both worlds”. Another idea of the “détente” ? Anyway, the large Egyptian T-54 fleet (first acquired in the early 1960s) was indeed modernized by Teledyne -A Chrysler defence company- to integrate as much as possible elements of the M60 main battle tank. Due to the fact this is also the MBT of choice of Egypt (supplemented by more modern Abrams MBTs), the commonality of parts was a requirement for an ordnance which had to deal with quite an amazing array of foreign models… And eventually led to this strange hybrid, low, rugged and dependable, although somewhat lacking modern protection, but ready to recycle old hulls far into the XXIth century.
Ariete Main Battle Tank
Designed in the late 1980s and unveiled in the 1990s the “ram”…
Italy’s first true 100% main battle tank was conceived to replace the ageing feet of M60A1s with a more modern propositon, a 3rd generation MBT. Named after the famous Italian ww2 armoured division, the Ariete C1 was born from a consortium between Iveco-Fiat and OTO Melara. The last was well-experienced in building modern MBTs, having geared up the local production of German Leopard Is under licence. It came as no surprise that the Ariete took most of the drivetrain, tracks, roadwheels from the Leopard. But the turret itself borrowed aspects from the British Challenger and US M1 Abrams. A relatively light and very fast MBT, well-armed, although lacking passive protection, the Ariete is recognised as a formidable tank today.
K1 Main Battle Tank (1987)
The K1 and K1A1 Type 88 were the first South Korean designed and produced main battle tanks. They were conceived by Hyundai Precision in the 1980s in order to replace the ageing US-built M47/M48s still in service. The K1 were esentually based on the General Dynamics M1 Abrams but with many significant differences and tailorisation for the South Korean needs. Foreign designs from USA were considered and both Chrysler Defense and General Dynamics plans were accepted, but with a domestic production in 1984. One of the major differences were the use of a German MTU MB Ka-501 (Leopard 2) turbodiesel. The tank also have a composite armor similar to Chobham. After the K1 in 1987, Hundai developed the K1A1 in 2001, and K1E2 in 2013. Around 1500 of these first class MBTs are in service today, not counting the specialized variants AVLB and ARV. Western experts think they are way superior to the North Korean latest variants of the Chongma Ho and Popkung Ho. They gave birth to the K2 Black Panther, one of the costliest and most advanced MBT in the world today.
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The map here shows you the area as it is today. Click on the flags to find out more about features of the park, and use the time tabs at the side to explore the park's history.
The primary purpose of a deer park was to hunt for deer. Hunting could take several forms and in Radholme the traditional sport with the king and noblemen on horseback probably did not take place as the park was very isolated and a long way from any palace or Royal house. Instead the park keeper and his men would probably hunt for deer using 'bow and stable' ie a kind of ambush where beaters with dogs would drive the deer towards hidden archers.
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Beets gaining a popularity with new audiences
Here’s an old-new vegetable to add to your favorites list: Beets. They have been a longtime staple in many families but seem to be gaining popularity among new audiences. That may be due to the emphasis on roasting as a cooking method. Roasted beets are especially delicious, perhaps because their natural sugars are concentrated when roasted in a hot oven.
Table beets are also known as garden beets, blood turnips or simply red beets. They have more natural sugar than any other vegetable, even carrots or sweet corn. A cup of cooked beets has 58 calories and 13 grams carbohydrate. But they are also a powerhouse of many minerals, like folate and manganese, and vitamins A, C, K, and riboflavin.
Table beets are usually deep ruby red in color, but yellow, white and even candy-striped (with red and white concentric circles) varieties are available in specialty markets. They are related to sugarbeets, which are grown to be used to make about a third of the world’s supply of table sugar.
Originally only the leaves, similar to Swiss chard, were eaten by humans and the fibrous root was used medicinally. The root can still be somewhat fibrous woody, especially if it is allowed to mature. The beet tops are used in mixed salad greens or lightly cooked.
If you have planted beets in your garden, harvest them whenever they grow to the desired size. When you select them at a market, look for crisp and deeply colored greens and small to medium-sized beets.
Before storing, separate the green tops from the roots, leaving about an inch of stem on the beet. This is to prevent the leaf from drawing moisture from the root. Leave the taproot intact until you are ready to prepare them.
The greens should be washed, dried and stored in a paper towel lined plastic bag. Within a week sauté them as you would spinach or mix with other greens in a fresh salad.
Beets store well for a week or two in perforated plastic bags in the refrigerator. They can be roasted, boiled, steamed, microwaved, pickled, or eaten raw.
Wash beets carefully without breaking the skin. After cooking the skin can be easily rubbed away when the vegetable has cooled.
Whether you’ve been eating beets for a long time or have recently been introduced, you’ll want to add these recipes to your weekly menus.
Quick Roasted Beets
Scrub but do not peel beets; Slice 1/2-inch thick; toss with olive oil, salt, and pepper; spread out in single layer on baking sheet; roast at 450 degrees F for 15-20 minutes or until tender.
Basic Roasted Beets
Scrub beets with vegetable brush under running water, leaving stem and roots on. Individually wrap each beet with a double layer of foil. Roast at 400 degrees F for 45 to 70 minutes (depending on the size) until they are tender.
To serve, slice the beets, drizzle with olive oil and season with salt and pepper. Serve hot or cool.
Beet and Spinach Couscous
1 tablespoon olive oil
2 tablespoon shallots or green onions, chopped
1 1/2 cups beets, fresh, thinly sliced
1 cup couscous, uncooked
1 1/4 cup water
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 cup spinach leaves or beet greens
Heat olive oil in a skillet over medium-high heat. Add shallots and beets. Cook for about 5 minutes. Stir in couscous and cook for another minute. Add water and salt; simmer for 10-15 minutes or until couscous is cooked. Add greens and remove from heat, stirring gently until greens wilt. Serve warm.
Yield: 4 servings
Nutritional Facts per Serving: 200 Calories, 1.5g total fat, omg cholesterol, 200mg sodium, 40g carbohydrates, 4g dietary fiber, 7g Protein
3 Tablespoons vegetable oil
1 large clove garlic, minced
1/2 teaspoon grated fresh ginger root
6-10 cups washed, stemmed and chopped greens (cabbage, bok choy, spinach, beet greens)
1/4 cup rice wine
1 tablespoon vinegar or fresh lemon juice
1 teaspoon sugar or honey
2 tablespoons light soy sauce
Heat oil in a wok and add garlic and ginger. Sauté very briefly; add green and toss to coat with oil. Add remaining ingredients and a splash of water.
Delicate greens, like spinach or beet greens, will take about 1 minutes. Bulkier greens, such as cabbage, bok choy, will need 5-10 minutes, until tender.
Yield: 5 servings
Beet and Orange Salad with Walnuts and Feta Cheese
4 cups mixed baby lettuce
1 – 15 ounce can sliced beets
1 small fresh orange, peeled, divided into segments and cut in half
2 ounces low fat feta cheese, crumbled
1/4 cup walnuts, roasted and chopped
2 tablespoons olive oil
1 tablespoon orange juice
1 tablespoon raspberry blush vinegar
1 teaspoon Splenda
1 tablespoon non-fat Greek yogurt
Salt and pepper to taste
Preheat oven to 350°F. Place walnuts in a single layer on a cookie sheet. Bake about 8 minutes, until toasted.
Arrange lettuce onto 4 serving plates. Layer beets, orange segments, feta and walnuts on lettuce.
Combine dressing ingredients in a jar with a tight fitting lid. Shake or whisk together until ingredients are well mixed. Drizzle dressing evenly over each salad.
Yield: 4 servings
Nutritional facts per serving: 200 calories, 14g total fat, 4mg cholesterol, 323mg sodium, 15g carbohydrates, 3g dietary fiber, 6g protein
Sue Flanagan is a WVU Extension agent in Berkeley County with the Families and Health program area. She can be reached at 304-264-1936, [email protected] or http://extension.wvu.edu/berkeley .
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The concept of “nexus” thinking has been with us for over half a century under different names, such as holistic, integrative, and trans-disciplinary thinking. The need for integration in solving complex problems has long been recognized, leading to a variety of approaches and areas of study.
For the Dialogues, a “nexus” approach is the one that focuses on overlaps across sectors while respecting sectoral expertise in order to make better plans by understanding interactions. Sector experts know their business, while very few people are experts on the overlaps across fields. Thus, we advocate a nexus approach to utilize the benefits of sectoral expertise focused on breaking down the complexity of the overlaps of these sectors.
The purpose is practical: to make better plans through an understanding of interactions. There are numerous techniques available for a nexus approach, and UN agencies have been applying some of them. Those techniques may or may not have been designed with “nexus” in mind, but they are practical methods to clarify thinking when problems involve overlaps across different domains.
- How is the nexus approach a useful tool for advancing the environmental dimensions of the 2030 agenda?
- How has a nexus approach influenced your work?
- Do you have experience with applying a nexus methodology?
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Regular brushing and flossing of the teeth can contribute greatly in curbing plaque and tartar build up. However, it is still important that you visit the dentist regularly.
Plaque, when hardened, is difficult to remove by just using a regular toothbrush or floss. Your dentist has special tools for dealing with this situation. In addition, they can also recommend other ways to improve the condition of your pearly whites.
If you are still hesitant in trying this service, here is an article that will explain what professional teeth cleaning is all about.
Teeth cleaning, or more commonly known as prophylaxis, is a special type of procedure for removing tartar or hardened plaque. Even if you religiously brush or floss your teeth, there is still a chance that tartar will build up overtime. That is why you need to seek professional help if you want to maintain the pristine condition of your mandibles and molars.
Other related procedures such as tooth scaling or debridement are performed by dental hygienists if the buildup of tartar is excessive.
2. How often should you do this?
You do not really need to undergo this procedure every month or every week. Tooth scaling once every six months is the standard. But if you have good oral hygiene habits, tartar will not easily build up. However, it is vital that you consult your dentist frequently to further assess what needs to be done with your teeth.
3. What are the advantages?
There are several advantages of undergoing professional teeth cleaning every once in a while. First, it helps prevent cavities or holes in your teeth. Too much plaque can break down the enamel. If you do not take action immediately, it can lead to complications.
Visiting your dentist regularly also prevents you from losing teeth due to gum disease. In addition, dental cleaning can also brighten your smile by eliminating coffee, tea, or wine stains in your teeth. Lastly, it helps give you fresher breath.
4. What are the disadvantages?
Before undergoing any procedure, you should always know the risks and disadvantages involved. Scaling, when not done right, can loosen teeth, and may even cause gum problems in the long run. It can also raise the sensitivity of your teeth and gums. That is why you should choose your dentist carefully to avoid such complications.
To wrap things up, professional teeth cleaning is an effective way to remove tartar buildup, and avoid gum disease. It helps maintain the whiteness of your teeth, and it gives you fresh breath. However, it comes with minimal complications when not done right. Choose your dentist wisely, and make sure that you still regularly brush and floss your teeth.
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31 May 2011, Der Spiegel
Several factors may lead to natural gas playing a more prominent role in the global energy mix, however, natural gas is not the "panacea" to solve climate change, according to new research from the International Energy Agency. Previously inaccessible sources of gas are predicted to create a "golden age of gas" with lower prices and plentiful supply. When burned for power, gas produces half the carbon of coal. "Gas is a fortunate fuel because all its competitors have some problems," said Fatih Birol, chief economist of the IEA and one of the worlds foremost authorities on energy and climate. Coal suffers high emissions, renewables can be expensive, and there are safety fears over nuclear after the Fukushima disaster in Japan. However, the IEA also warned that gas could push out renewables, if governments come under pressure to reduce renewables subsidies and opt for gas instead. Moreover, reliance on gas would lead the world to a 3.5C temperature rise, according to the IEA. At such a level, global warming could run out of control.
30 May 2011, The Guardian
After a fall of global carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2009, energy-related CO2 emission reached a record high in 2010, up by 5 percent from last record in 2008, according to the latest estimates by the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA). 2010 emissions are estimated to have climbed to a record 30.6 Gigatonnes (Gt), while 80 percent of projected emissions from the power sector in 2020 are those unlikely to be changed, the energy agency said. In terms of fuels, according to IEA, 44 percent of the estimated CO2 emissions in 2010 came from coal, 36 percent from oil, and 20 percent from natural gas. Region by region, the IEA estimated that 40 percent of global emissions came from OECD countries in 2010, while non-OECD emerging economies saw stronger increase in the emission as their economic growth accelerated. In addition, on a per capita basis, OECD countries collectively emitted 10 tons, more than 5.8 tons in China and 1.5 tons in India.
12 May 2011, Financial Times
Greenhouse gas emissions increased by a record amount last year, to the highest carbon output in history, putting hopes of holding global warming to safe levels all but out of reach, according to unpublished estimates from the International Energy Agency. The shock rise means the goal of preventing a temperature rise of more than 2 degrees Celsius – which scientists say is the threshold for potentially "dangerous climate change"– is likely to be just "a nice Utopia", according to Fatih Birol, chief economist of the IEA. It also shows the most serious global recession for 80 years has had only a minimal effect on emissions, contrary to some predictions. The IEA has calculated that if the world is to escape the most damaging effects of global warming, annual energy-related emissions should be no more than 32Gt by 2020. If this years emissions rise by as much as they did in 2010, that limit will be exceeded nine years ahead of schedule, making it all but impossible to hold warming to a manageable degree.
29 April 2011, CNN Money
In an interview with Dow Jones Newswires, IEA Chief Economist Fatih Birol said oil use is set to increase by up to 3 million barrels a day over the next few months as refineries meet rising demand for fuel products. His comments come as oil futures are trading at more than two-and-a-half year highs, a level that has increased costs for businesses and strained consumers budgets.
29 April 2011, Dow Jones Newswires
Fatih Birol, chief economist of the International Energy Agency, told the Financial Times that rising oil prices had “more than offset” the strenuous efforts of developing countries to reduce the cost of fuel subsidies. The cost of a barrel of oil averaged $80 last year, compared with $61 in 2009, rendering it more expensive to hold down retail prices for consumers. “Despite these efforts, the subsidies in 2010 are significantly higher than they were in 2009,” said Mr Birol. The final figures for the total cost of subsidies last year will become available in November. The IEA calculates that some $60bn must be invested in global oil production capacity every year, mainly in the Middle East and North Africa, in order to satisfy global demand. Political instability may deter international companies from investing in this region, while the cost of subsidies may also crowd out domestic capital. “Some of this money may be diverted to address some of the domestic needs of the population, including energy subsidies,” said Mr Birol. Read the full article on the FT site (registration required).
28 April 2011, ABC News
A global warming target could be missed three times over if countries fail to promote clean energy, the International Energy Agency warned Thursday, amid a possible slowdown in atomic power growth. In its annual report last year, the IEA projected that 360 gigawatts of nuclear generating capacity would be added worldwide by 2035, on top of the 390 gigawatts already in use. However fears over the use of nuclear power could see the IEA halve its projection to 180 gigawatts, its chief economist Fatih Birol told AFP earlier this month.
28 April 2011, Agence France Presse
High oil prices are here to stay and theyre caused by surging demand and limited new supply, not Wall Street speculators. Thats the message from Fatih Birol, chief economist at the International Energy Agency. "Speculators are only responding to what is going on in the markets," Birol said during an interview with CNN Money in New York. "We dont see enough oil in the markets. The major driver is supply and demand." Birol said growth in worldwide oil demand is outstripping growth in new supplies by 1 million barrels a day per year. Much of that new demand is coming from China, adding nearly 20 million vehicles to its roads each year, he said. Plus, countries that export oil are not doing enough to invest in new production, and countries that use a lot of oil are not doing enough to cut back. "Oil will be more and more expensive unless countries like the U.S. and China use less," he said.
25 April 2011, Manila Bulletin
One major indicator of inflation is the price of petrol and the latest information from the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows it will only get more expensive. IEA Chief Economist Fatih Birol says oil prices are likely to rise 30 per cent over the next three years. "The existing fields are declining so sharply that in order to stay where we are in terms of production levels in the next 25 years, we have to find and develop four new Saudi Arabias," he said. "It is a huge, huge challenge that we continue to underline." Dr Birol says although peak crude oil production is already behind us, liquid natural gases may provide a viable alternative. But he underlines that the age of cheap oil is over. "The amount of increase in the oil input bill in Europe is equal to the government budget deficit of Greece plus Portugal put together," he said, adding "additional pressure on the financing of many governments who are the oil importers." Dr Birol further explained that the oil reserves might be there but the access is not. He also says it could be in the best interest of producers if crude oil is not always flooding the market. "The producers, intentionally or unintentionally, may not bring the oil under the reserves to the markets," he said. "For some producers, it is better that oil doesnt come to market so they would like to see perhaps higher prices as a result of tightness in the markets." The IEA says governments around the world need to rethink their reliance on oil.
13 April 2011, Frankfurter Allgemeine
The IEA hit the nail on the head when it warned that: “rising oil prices will drive up inflation as the cost of oil has a knock-on effect on many other products, such as transport and food.” IEA chief economist Dr. Fatih Birol explained that the rising prices also signify wealth transfer from the oil importing to exporting countries. In simpler terms, it entails that import-dependent countries (such as in the case of the Philippines) will be stripped more of its cash resources as it will need to cough up more money for oil purchases; while the exporting or oil-producing countries may benefit from momentary windfalls. “This will have an impact on balance of payments of countries”, the IEA official averred. Comparing it with a bank statement showing all the transactions of a particular country with others throughout the world, he further noted that “with importing countries spending more on oil, the balance on their payments can be badly affected.”
4 April 2011, Agence France Presse
The catastrophe at Fukushima can alter the current energy balance, warned International Energy Agency Chief Economist Dr. Fatih Birol. In an interview with Le Monde, he expressed concern that the fall-out from the nuclear catastrophe which, if calling into question investments in the nuclear industry, could lead to a higher consumption of fossil fuels, higher energy prices and a worsening of global warming. "Any change in the energy portfolio will lead to higher energy prices, and will also negatively impact our efforts to fight climate change’’, Dr. Birol said. The additional use of fossil fuels to compensate for the loss of nuclear energy capacity "would lead to an extra 0.5 gigatonnes of CO2 emissions by 2035, which is equivalent to five years of growth in CO2 emissions’’, Dr. Birol said.
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CHAPTER 24: How We Struggle with Circumstances
How a person deals with circumstances shows how strong he is. Therefore when a difficulty falls upon you, remember that God, like a trainer of wrestlers, has matched you with a tough opponent. "For what purpose?" you may ask. So that you may become morally like an Olympic athlete is physically. But such accomplishment is not without sweat. A man makes a difficulty profitable if he chooses to make use of it.
"What does not kill me, only makes me stronger!" This quote is often attributed to Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche is at once the most vilified and most praised philosopher of the last two centuries. His ideas about the advance of mankind were used to fuel Nazism and various fascist movements. His philosophy stressed what he called the "will to power". He believed that every living thing struggled to gain dominance. His emphasis on the will bears some resemblance to Stoicism, but here the similarity ends as Nietzsche focused on the use of will to dominate others and Stoicism focuses on the will's ability to control the self. Although Nietzsche was the son of a Lutheran Minister, he was scathingly anti-Christian. His problem with Christianity stemmed from the fact that he felt its early fathers led the church away from the example of Jesus. He also thought it was counter to reason, which he saw in the context of his main idea of a "will to power".
Agree with him or not, Nietzsche did have a knack for turning a phrase (even in translation from German). He was at least correct in his verbalization of the idea that adversity builds character. Nevertheless, he was not the originator of the idea. It has ancient antecedents, as we see Epictetus speaks of it here some 1800 years prior to Nietzsche's birth. The Old Testament is replete with stories where God "punishes" the Israelites for their sins. Such "punishment" would not be undertaken if the Israelites could not learn from their trials and tribulation.
Thus it seems almost trite to repeat the truism that "Experience is the best teacher." Through it we learn how to deal with future adversity, not merely in response to specific events, but to events in general. This is why, Epictetus tells us, God gives us such trials. He does so to make us stronger, better people. In this way, he attempts a partial answer to the age old question of "Why bad things happen to good people."
Stoicism and Christianity Index
- How We Struggle with Circumstances
- Sending a Scout to Rome (24a)
- Death Is No Evil (24b)
- Stoicism and Inheritance (24c)
- How We Struggle with Circumstances (24d)
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Woodside-Atherton Garden Club
PARTNERS FOR PLANTS PROGRAMOCTOBER 22, 2015
BAYLANDS ECOYSYSTEM HABITAT GOALS PROJECT
May 15, 2015
Adopt-a-Shoreline Leadership Program at the Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve, CA – Woodside-Atherton GC – Peggie MacLeod
In October 2013, the Woodside-Atherton GC (WAGC) and Save The Bay began a P4P project to restore tidal marsh-upland transition zone habitat at the City of Palo Alto's Baylands Nature Preserve. It was originally envisioned as a two-year project with the ambitious goal of planting 2,500 seedlings, removing invasive weeds, grooming seedlings in the native plant nursery, and performing other maintenance tasks at the site on monthly work days from 9:30 to 12:30. California's severe drought has been a challenge, limiting the planting of young seedlings to the cooler months and emphasizing removal of invasives in May and June. In addition, WAGC members have helped in the native plant nursery sorting/culling/weeding containers, adding soil and fertilizer to plants, and trimming grasses. In April, half the team weeded and trimmed 800 yarrow seedlings inside the nursery while others filled eight tall bags with invasive mustard, thistle, and horehound that they had dug up with pickaxes. With the removal of invasives, the cover of native plants is steadily increasing and providing shelter, nesting sites, and food for wildlife. Save The Bay has recorded impressive results for this P4P project from October 2013 through April 2015: 288 volunteer hours; 1,730 seedlings planted; and 800 pounds of invasive weeds removed. WAGC and Save The Bay plan to continue their partnership into a third year and, in fact, do not foresee it ending! Together, WAGC and Save The Bay will work on adding interpretive signage for the public at the demonstration site.
Be sure to visit the Bay Visions to learn how our Partners For Plants program is integrated with five other Garden Club of America club's restoration projects taking place in the Bay area.
To keep up to date with what is happening at Save The Bay, please visit their blog at: Taking Ownership of Our Public Shorelines
Learn more about the Garden Club of America's national initiative: Partners For Plants
Plant Example in the Save the Bay Restoration: Blue-eyed Grass
Plant Varieties to be Used at the Partners For Plants Site
Invasive Plants to be Removed From the Partners For Plants Site
Partners For Plants Celebration Walk Video
July 2, 2015
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A Tanoaria The demographic and economic development of the county of Ovar, in a generalized way, was fruit of a strong relation between the man the water and the earth. The need to explore, store and transport the natural resources of the estuary, sea and land, led to the appearance of a group of craftsmen – rope makers, potters, coopers, blacksmiths, etc. - opening the way for the county to become, In an area of industrialization in this region. The barrel factory (Tanoaria in Portuguese language) was diluted by the several parishes, but Esmoriz, in the middle of the century. XX, was the one that most reflected the development of the activity, with a great concentration of "factories" and men, coming to be considered, in the decade of 60, the greater nucleus of the country. The cooperatives, most of them family-owned, have been able to produce containers for the whole country, and have been recognized for decades as the best quality. The coopers were robust men, dressed in shirts and short shorts, which allowed them more mobility. they wore wooden clogs, made by hand, with the remains of the wood. The workshops were quite spacious, with huge wooden yards, greenhouses and warehouses. In the 1970s, with the worsening of the crisis of the colonial war and the oil shock of 73, part of the industry of cooperativeness resent, causing the closure of several units and the abandonment of part of the workers, starting a process of eminent extinction of this art. The cooperage industry, rooted in the people of the municipality of Ovar, still retains in its system of work a legacy of centuries: the traditional art of bending wood. Some "fuscas" (workshops) and shipyards still boil alive, with no major functional changes. This art, besides being quite violent, physically wearing down its craftsmen, is also a source of wisdom, which has been perfected from generation to generation. The training of a master of cooperage requires long years of practice and patience. Young men, who begin their training, are forced to undergo painful physical exertion which sometimes causes them serious health problems. Thus, in the case of an art with few attractions for today's youth, it risks disappearing even in the memory of future generations.
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One taste of hot tea in a Styrofoam cup and you know you’re drinking more than tea. The cup is reactive. And have you noticed how dried foods stored in plastic bags start to taste like plastic? It’s because food ions react with synthetic or metallic ions. Here are guidelines for choosing—and using—healthful, non-reactive cookware.
Superior Choice - Inert, Non-Reactive Cookware
1. Earthenware and ceramic are inert and they emit a far-infrared heat, the most effective and beneficial heat for cooking, which enables a full range of subtle flavors to emerge. Excellent for lengthy simmering and baking, these beautiful but breakable items require special handling.
Do not purchase ceramic-coated cookware. Just like other non-stick cookware, the synthetic ceramic surface layer degrades with normal use.
Purchase only 100% ceramic cookware; it is nonreactive, contains no toxic metals or synthetic polymers and it withstands erosion and temperatures up to 1800 degrees Fahrenheit. Only diamonds and sapphire have harder surfaces than ceramic.
Xtrema* has a full line of moderately priced ceramic cookware and bakeware that is more durable than earthenware. 100% ceramic knives are nonreactive and hold their edge up to 15 times longer than conventional steel blades.
Spanish cazuelas and older Romertopf baking dishes are excellent earthenware choices and you may find casseroles and pie pans from your local potter. (Note: antique ceramic or earthenware pots may contain lead. Inexpensive lead-testing kits are available at hardware stores.)
Corningware and its discontinued line, Visionware, are made of pyroceramic glass and are non-reactive but poorly conduct heat.
2. Enamel is a fused glass surface overlaying a light metal–or a heavier cast iron–pot. With proper care, quality enamel cookware lasts a lifetime. There are various brands available; do an on-line search for users comments to determine the line that best suits you. Note: inexpensive enamel cookware has only a thin layer of enamel and is not as durable as that with two or more layers.
Discard chipped enamel cookware. Once the underlying metal is exposed, it reacts with food and enamel fragments find their way into your food. The only company I’m aware of that replaces worn cast enamel cookware is Le Creuset*.
3. Glass coffee pots and casserole dishes are inert and affordable. Favor glass containers for storing food. By the way, if you’ve got old glass bake ware, don’t replace it with newer glass! Pyrex and Anchor Hocking, our two major domestic producers of glass bake ware, are currently using a soda lime glass that can shatter under high heat. European glass wear is made from the more durable, and pricy, borosilicate glass, as was our domestic glassware prior to the 1980s.
4. Bamboo steamers and paddles as well as wooden spoons, chopsticks and crockery are non-reactive and modestly priced.
5. Paper Goods are, in some applications, effective. Line reactive aluminum muffin tins or cookie sheets with 100% un-bleached muffin cups or parchment paper. (Note: natural parchment paper is coated with non-reactive silicon, not the chemical quilon). And for food storage, as is practical, favor waxed or butcher paper over plastic wrap or bags.
Note: While 100% Titanium is non-reactive, it’s too pricy for cookware. Titanium coated cookware is typically aluminum cookware with a fused synthetic polymer-titanium, nonstick coating. It is reactive and not recommended. SaladMaster’s line of surgical grade (316) stainless steel pots includes titanium; however the company refuses to disclose the percentage of titanium. We must therefore conclude that it is comparable quality to other surgical grade stainless cookware.
1. Stainless steel is the least reactive metal, and for many people, the most versatile and healthful cookware option. It makes an acceptable set of basic pots, pans and bake ware. Because it unevenly conducts heat, most stainless cookware is clad or encloses an aluminum core. The term “ply” refers to the number of layers; the higher the ply, the heavier the pot and the more resistant it is to warping. Most stainless steel is 18/10 meaning that it contains 18% chromium and 10% nickel. The 18/0 designates a nickel-free product.
Remove food from metal as soon as it is cooked to minimize it developing a metallic taste. Once stainless steel has been scratched by heavy scouring, it will leach chromium and copper (if it contains copper). Therefore don’t scour stainless cookware. When you’ve burned something onto the pot, cover it with baking soda, salt or a strong detergent and let it rest for a day or more if necessary. The soda will “lift” off the scorched food.
A stainless steel knife is less reactive than a carbon steel knife but it doesn’t hold its edge quite as well.
2. Carbon steel is inexpensive, thin, lightweight and ideal for a wok or crepe pan because it rapidly conveys heat. With use, it will develop a non-stick like patina but prior to that do not use it with liquid or acidic ingredients and dry it thoroughly after every use to prevent rust. Since carbon steel is reactive, do not use a carbon steel knife for cutting acidic foods like citrus or tomatoes.
3. Cast iron pots are good for quick breads, pancakes and for sautéing vegetables. Do not, however, use cast iron for soups, liquids or acid foods as these foods leach harsh-tasting iron from the pot. Although a soup cooked in cast iron becomes iron-enriched, this heavy metal is not bioavailable.
4. Silicone cookware. If you use silicone cookware, purchase only 100% silicone that is FDA approved and safe up to 428 degrees Fahrenheit). This is critical as there are countless silicone formulas and some products, such as the popular bake sheets, are only silicone coated. But does an FDA approval mean that silicone cookware is non-reactive? Not according to a 2005 British study that determined while the overall the chemical migration from the silicon into foodstuffs was low, it does occur.
The advantages of silicone include heat resistance (below 428 degrees Fahrenheit), flexibility, the fact that it can go directly from the oven or microwave into the refrigerator or freezer and that it is generally easy to clean.
Coda: Cookware is only part of the story of cooking and healthy eating, albeit a very important part. Knowing what foods may cause intolerances in our body is the most overlooked yet simple way to influence our health. In my book, Read Your Face, I show how to identify obvious clues about diet and health – things you can easily change for happier and healthier eating. Learn more about Face Reading and Diet.
Rebecca Wood is the author of The New Whole Foods Encyclopedia* and The Splendid Grain.* For over 30 years she has helped people regain their health and energy with an easy-to-implement whole foods diet. Find out about her books and diet consultations at www.rwood.com.
- Explore VegKitchen’s other Green Kitchen articles, as well as the wealth of kitchen tips
in the entire Healthy Vegan Kitchen area.
*This post contains affiliate links. If the product is purchased by linking through this review, VegKitchen receives a modest commission, which helps maintain our site and helps it to continue growing!
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The use of seclusion and restraint for children with special needs in our nation’s schools has received national attention. These practices have been deemed as cruel and dangerous, and various pieces of legislation have been proposed to eliminate their use. Yet, these practices are being used on an ongoing basis on our nation’s incarcerated youth. Up to 81,000 teens are incarcerated in juvenile facilities on any given night, and an additional 10,000 teens are in adult prisons. According to the ACLU, which released a report on solitary confinement in October, a significant number of these facilities isolate youth for days, weeks, months, or even years. The use of solitary confinement, according to the ACLU, causes “anguish, provokes serious mental and physical health problems, and works against rehabilitation for teenagers.”
One of the most tragic outcomes for incarcerated youth is suicide, and half of teen suicides occur while youth are placed in solitary isolation. A position paper published by the National Commission on Correctional Health Care, which expresses concern about the high rate and potential underreporting of teen suicides in jails, states that further research is needed to delineate better the relationship between suicide and isolation. Yet, according to the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (5), the research is in already. The potential psychiatric consequences of prolonged use of solitary confinement on these “developmentally vulnerable” adolescents are “well recognized” and include depression, anxiety, and psychosis.
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11-9-10 Be Green 2: Invasive algae reused for compost reported by Kirk Matthews..http://www.khon2.com/news/local/story/Be-Green-2-Invasive-algae-reused-for-compost/NjKLldSpMk-Gzer1tJJn4g.cspx
Volunteers have been working for the past several years to rid Maunalua Bay of an invasive algae called Mudweed.
But what happens to that algae when it is taken out of the bay?
You may be surprised.
The latest truckload of the algae is brought to the back of Kamilo valley. Kimo Franklin of Malama Maunalua describes it as a movement from makai to mauka.
"So we're demonstrating sustainability right now here in our own community with this algae - taking it out and bringing it up here," said Franklin.
The algae is being turned into compost - and this is truly a cooperative effort.
"Absolutely. Great partners. Malama Maunalua is working very closely with Aloha Aina O Kamilo Nui, the Nature Conservancy, Pono Pacific, University of Hawaii sustainable farming systems, College of Tropical Agriculture has been very supportive," said Franklin.
The ocean is giving up a treasure trove of material.
"We have trial piles that we built about three months ago. This algae, this compost is just about ready to go. Not quite yet, but we want to make it available to the farmers, to the community soon," said Franklin.
These volunteers are turning the piles - something that has to be done every week or two.
"We formulated different recipes, which each of these piles incorporates in different amounts. And over the last three months, all that material that we incorporated has broken down quite nicely," said Frankin.
The compost is still in the trial stage. Small amounts have been distributed to farms and nursuries in the area, but there is an experimental patch of sweet potatoes right here on site.
"We have about five patches of sweet potatoes growing up on the mound up there, we have about three different varieties, uala, we actually planted that several months back and even have some keikis growing up there, but the compost has been used to plant that uala and the uala is doing very nicely," said Franklin.
The hope is that the compost can be utilized by farmers throughout the island. For now, the work continues to turn an invasive algae into something that can be useful--from makai to mauka.9-1-10 ......What do you do with 829 tons of algae?
Turn it into an aviable soil amendment to enrich farmland, fertilize crops and promote sustainability in the islands.http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/sustainag/news/articles/V5-Malama-limu.pdf
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Difference Between Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Access
Microsoft Excel vs Microsoft Access
Excel and Access are two applications from the software giant, Microsoft, to deal with tabular data efficiently and conveniently. Access is a Relational Database Management Software or RDBMS that is used to create tables where data can be stored and related to each other. Each of these applications have their own purpose to serve, which they do sufficiently.
Excel is used for paperworks where you can arrange and tabulate data properly for printing or presentations. For this reason, Excel is a staple in offices where a lot of data needs to be collated and tabulated. Access is used as a system of storing data so that it can be retrieved later. It is often set-up so that employees can access it from a few locations and do queries or enter new data when needed. A part of how access works makes this possible. Access does not lock the whole database when it is accessed, it merely locks certain records to prevent the occurrence of errors in the database. Excel locks the whole spreadsheet once it is accessed. Making other people unable to edit other entries or even to add new ones. Because of this, Access can be used by a lot of people at the same time without even noticing any difference.
Excel is also a lot easier to learn since it is meant to be used by a lot of people. The learning curve for Excel is not really that steep as most of the things you would need to learn are related to word processing. Even the more advanced controls and options do not require a lot of learning. Access is also easy to use when it has been set-up beforehand. But unlike Excel, the learning curve of Access gets pretty steep quickly. To implement the more advanced capabilities of Access, the person who would set-up the database and interfaces would need to know programming. Knowledge of Visual Basic and SQL is of great help when creating new Access databases.
1.Excel is a spreadsheet application while Access is an RDBMS
2.Excel is usually used for paperwork while Access is used in storing information that can be accessed by a lot of people
3.Access locks data at the record level while Excel locks the entire spreadsheet
4.Most users of excel do not really know any programming while you need that to take full advantage of Access
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One of Norwich’s most historic buildings, this magnificent Tudor house has been home to many of the city’s leading citizens since the 14th century.
There has been a substantial building on this plot since the 13th century or possibly even earlier.
The undercroft at Strangers’ Hall is thought to date from the 1320s when Ralph de Middelton owned a house on this site.
The undercroft was used to securely store, and possibly display, goods for sale.
The house on this site was seen as a prestigious dwelling and many merchants and mayors made their mark on the building - remodelling and extending it to reflect their wealth and status.
It is thought that the Great Hall was built during the 15th century, when William Barley, a mercer (cloth merchant) lived here.
Under Elizabeth I, England was a Protestant country and so welcomed the refugees. The asylum seekers first settled in Sandwich, Kent, in 1565. However Thomas Sotherton was keen to encourage these skilled workers to settle in Norwich because their skills in textile weaving made the immigrants of immense economic value.
In 1748 Strangers’ Hall became the official lodging of the Assize Judges who came to the city regularly to hear court cases. The Georgian dining room was installed for them, designed in the latest style with deep sash windows, painted wall panelling, decorated over-mantel and plaster ceiling.
In 1974 Norwich City Council joined with the other Norfolk local authorities to form the Norfolk Museums Service who now manage Stranger’s Hall.
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The end of World War II began a boom in home construction in Canada, and families were eager for a change from the austere existence of the preceding seven years. Although homes built during this period were not going to be large, it was hoped that “houses could be designed as an improved wartime housing unit with basements, central heating and other similar amenities.” In 1945, The Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) Act was established, not only to encourage and protect mortgage lending, but to also develop a national building code and improve technology and efficiency. The CMHC worked with Canadian architects to produce floor plan catalogues and blue prints were available for purchase. This home was built for George and Eva Moore in 1948 and is a typical example of a post-war house.
Security for your HOME
The Liberals believe that the home is the heart of the nation. They aim to give Canadians every possible facility to build and furnish better homes! With Government assistance you can build a home in the country, town or city. This will make jobs for the building trades, and those who make building supplies – and those who manufacture household equipment and furniture.
New Homes for Canadians – The Liberal Government’s new $400,000,000 National Housing Act, now on the statute books, enables hundreds of thousands of Canadians to get money at low interest and on long, generous terms to build, renovate or enlarge their own homes. Now that Germany is defeated, plans are already in operation for at least 50,000 dwellings. [ . . .]
BUILD A NEW SOCIAL ORDER / VOTE LIBERAL
The Kingsville Reporter, May 31, 1945 p.9
Integrated Housing Plan Is Catching On
Canadian house builders are getting over their pronounced hesitancy few weeks ago to plunge into Ottawa’s NHA Integrated Housing Plan, reports to The Financial Post from several key cities reveal. Increasing numbers each week are applying for a place in the program which, however, will be kept to relatively modest proportions in 1946, it is now officially indicated.
Leamington Post, May 30, 1946 p.1
Housing Is Discussed By Council
A delegation led by Harold Loop, president of the Canadian Legion Branch No. 188, appeared before the council to learn what progress, if any, was being made with the housing problem. Mayor W.D. Conklin explained in detail what was being done.
The mayor reported that the Central Mortgage and Housing Company would appreciate having a resolution from the Kingsville Council in connection with the proposed construction of houses in Kingsville. It was moved and carried that it is necessary and desirable that up to thirty houses be constructed in the community of Kingsville under the inter-graded [sic] housing plan.
The Kingsville Reporter, June 5, 1947 p.1
ONTARIO HOUSING PLAN
FIFTY PER CENT REDUCTION OF DOWN PAYMENTS ON NEWLY CONSTRUCTED LOWER COST HOUSES UNDER THE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT ACT (ONTARIO)
The Province of Ontario will arrange for the loan of fifty per cent of the difference between the amount of the first mortgage and the sale price of a newly constructed house, the Provincial advances not to exceed $1,250.00 on any one house. The loan will be repayable on a twenty year amortization plan with interest at 3½ per cent per annum. Satisfactory evidence will be required that the amount of the first mortgage advance is a reasonable proportion of the value.
The Kingsville Reporter, May 6, 1948 p.7
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You’ve got the stamina, you’ve got the muscles, but is your breathing giving you a run for your money? Breathing is essential to long-distance running, but it is often a process that is overlooked. Why is it so important? Here we’ll look at the function of the lungs when running and some handy techniques that could improve your breathing for a long-distance run.
When we move through our daily life breathing becomes automatic, but automatic isn’t necessarily the right way to breathe while running. The lungs provide us with energy by bringing oxygen into the body and they remove carbon dioxide, the waste product created when we produce this energy. Bad posture and respiratory conditions, like asthma, can restrict the lungs capacity to take in and expel air.
When we run our body has to work harder, our breathing rate accelerates, and our circulation increases to carry the oxygen to the muscles to keep us moving. It is normal to get breathless when running long-distance, however, if we are breathing incorrectly, our breathing becomes laboured more easily and we cannot exercise for as long. When we breathe incorrectly we are also more prone to injury when we exercise; our lungs come under stress and our body begins to tense up – and tense muscles are an invitation for pulled muscles!
Mouth or nose?
Is it better to breathe through your nose or your mouth? Nose breathing helps to warm up the air before it enters your lungs, making it a good option in colder weather or for those who suffer from asthma. However, if your nose airways are blocked from a cold or from hay fever then breathing through the nose maynot be comfortable for you.
Most people opt for mouth breathing as this feels more natural and more oxygen can betaken in than from breathing in through the nose. Nose breathing can tighten the jaw and facial muscles, whereas, breathing through the mouth relaxes the face more.
Once you have decided whether nose or mouth breathing is a better fit for you, take note of how deeply you breathe when you run. If your breathing is quick and shallow it is possible that you are breathing from the chest, rather than breathing using the diaphragm. Breathing this way will restrict the amount of oxygen than enters your body and limit the amount of energy for your muscles when you run.
Many runners now practice belly breathing (or diaphragmatic breathing) in order to maximise oxygen intake. Breathing from the diaphragm means that your inhale and exhale will extend to your stomach, while your chest stays mostly still. If you find belly breathing tricky while running, to start with lie down on your back and place a hand on your stomach and focus on breathing into your hand.
The three stage breath
Many breathing and running experts recommend warming up the lungs by doing breathing exercises before attempting a long-distance run. The three stage breath is a good way to isolate the areas of the body when we breathe; it is a great way to warm up and use the full capacity of the lungs. Anybody can practice the three stage breath and it can be practiced sitting, lying down, or standing up.
How to practice the three stage breath
1) Place one hand on your abdomen and inhale into the abdomen. Feel your hand rise and fall with each breath. Do this three times.
2) Next place two hands on the ribcage, fingertips touching and pointing towards the middle of your body. Inhale into the abdomen, then the ribcage. As you exhale, exhale from the ribcage to the abdomen. On the inhale feel your ribcage expand and fingertips separate. On your exhale, feel your ribcage fall and let the fingertips come back together. Practice this three times.
3) Next place one hand on the abdomen and one hand on the chest. Inhale first into the abdomen, then the ribcage, and then into the chest. Let your hands rise with the body on the inhale. On your exhale, exhale first from the chest, then ribcage, then abdomen. Allow the hands to fall with the body on the exhale. Practice this three times.
Rhythmic breathing develops a pattern of breath that synchronises with each footfall. Normally runners breathe with an even footfall pattern – breathing in for 2 steps and breathing out for 2 steps.
Incorrect breathing can impact your body when running long distance.
It can also limit the duration and intensity of your run. Focusing on the breath can help you maximise your oxygen intake and prevent injury when running long distances.
Remember to take plenty of time to warm up and recover before and after you go on a long distance run. If you happen to have achy muscles after your run, try Arnica gel to relieve pain or stiffness as well as our blog on how to ease muscle pain after a workout.
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The institutional and economic interface between small towns and rural economy
MetadataShow full item record
The relationship between small towns and rural areas has been the subject of research studies since the 1960s. This followed the dismal failure of the two sector development models of the 1950s to uplift the standard of living of the rural population (Conyers, 1983). The tenets of this model were that with the expansion of the urban industrial economies surplus labour in the rural economy would be absorbed into the economy. In turn effective demand in the rural areas is increased through a trickle down of urban sector generated incomes. However, reviews of this approach in the late 1960s and early 1970s acknowledged that in actual fact poverty in urban centres had increased and no development had been recorded in the rural economy where surplus labour continued to increase (Waterston, 1982; Conyers, 1983). A new generation of literature emerged in the 1970s emphasising on the "Growth Centre", Growth Toint' policies or what is generally referred to as the "bright lights" theory. These were discussed within the context of decentralised development strategies. Recent studies, regrettably reveal that very little in terms of rural development has come out of these strategies. Small towns or Growth points were transformed into administrative centres for resource extraction and control rather than service centres for rural development (Pedersen, 1990).
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For local coverage of Monday's devastating storms in Oklahoma, go to these CNN affiliates: KFOR, KOCO, KOKH, KOKI.
Moore, Oklahoma (CNN) -- Rescue workers raced against time and the oncoming night Monday looking for survivors after a powerful tornado blasted an area outside of Oklahoma City, leveling homes and killing at least 37 people.
Seven of the dead were children from Plaza Towers Elementary School in Moore, which lay directly in the path of the monster storm's wall of wind.
Seventy-five students and staff members had been huddled the school when the storm hit, CNN affiliate KFOR reported.
As nightfall approached, determined searchers in hard hats dug in the debris for students possibly trapped, but authorities described the work as a recovery, not rescue, effort.
We shall take a basic look at the technology involved in controlling the weather. We shall try to take a simple look so you can understand a most complex scientific ..
How Did HAARP Come About?
In a lecture on April 27, 1997 at the University of Georgia former Secretary of Defense, William Cohen spoke on weapons of mass destruction. At that lecture Cohen asserted that “electromagnetic waves can be used to stimulate geophysical events such as earthquakes, climate change, volcanic eruptions and the like”. Secretary of Defense Cohen also stated that this is being used in an ecotype of terrorism. Can we take Cohen’s assertions to be factual? As Secretary of Defense, Cohen would have had first hand technical knowldge of the existence of such a weapon of mass destruction. So if what he was saying is true who is using this weapon of mass destruction and ecotype of terrorism? Since Cohen worked for the United States government the only plausible answer would be the United States government.
Former US Secretary of Defense, William Cohen was actually warning us in 1997 that the United States government has developed and is now actively using a weapon that is capable of causing mass destruction by triggering earthquakes, weather modification (inducing heavy rainfall that causes floods or no rainfall which causes droughts), volcanic eruptions and the like. Cohen was warning us about the existence of HAARP. HAARP was developed by the Bill Clinton / Al Gore administration as a United States weapon of mass destruction.
HAARP was ordered built by Bill Clinton and Al Gore to beam electromagnetic waves into the Earth’s inosphere to trigger geophysical events such as earthquakes, climate modification (change), volcanic eruptions and the like. Congressional Hearing records during the Clinton administration and HAARP patents disclose that HAARP beaming heats the inosphere. As we all know heat causes things to expand. We also know that heat rises. As HAARP heats one part of the ionosphere the ionosphere expands and gets pushed higher. This HAARP ionosphere heating can cause a controlled diverting or altering of the natural path of jet streams.
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Parent Responses to Illness and Injury
One of the purposes of these guidelines is to help you determine how sick your child is. Then it is time to make a decision and act. By reading the When to Call Your Doctor questions and using your common sense, you should be able to fit your child into one of the five following When to Call Your Doctor categories:
Call 911 Now (your child may need an ambulance)
- Definition: Your child may have a life-threatening emergency
- Action: Immediately call 911 or your Emergency Medical Response system.
Call Your Doctor Now (night or day)
- Definition: Your child may have a non-life-threatening emergency or urgent condition
- Action: Call your child's doctor immediately. If you can't reach your doctor within 60 minutes, go to the nearest emergency room by car. If you don't have a doctor, go to the ER now.
Call Your Doctor Within 24 Hours (between 9am and 4pm)
- Definition: Your child probably has a nonurgent illness that may require a specific test (such as a throat culture) or an antibiotic (such as for an ear infection). Your child may need to be seen, but it can safely wait for up to 24 hours.
- Action: If the office is open, call now. If the office is closed now, but will be open within 24 hours, call when it opens. If the office won't be open within the next 24 hours, call your doctor's answering service between 9 AM and 4 PM on any day of the week (including weekends and holidays) for assistance. If you don't have a doctor, go to an urgent care center or ER within the next 24 hours.
Call Your Doctor During Weekday Office Hours
- Definition: Your child has a nonurgent symptom or illness that has lasted longer than expected (such as a persistent cough or localized rash) but usually carries no risk of complications. Your child may need to be seen in the office but can safely wait a few days if it's the weekend or a holiday.
- Action: If the office is open, call now. Otherwise, call during scheduled weekday office hours on Monday - Friday. (This category therefore excludes weekends and holidays.) If you don't have a doctor, choose a doctor and make an appointment to be seen within the next 3 days.
Parent Care at Home
- Definition: Your child probably has a mild illness that's usually self-limited or harmless.
- Action: Your child can be safely cared for by you at home. Follow the detailed home care advice that's provided in each guideline. Call your doctor if your child's condition becomes worse.
If you think that your child is having a medical emergency, call 911 or the number for the local emergency ambulance service NOW!
And when in doubt, call your doctor NOW or go to the closest emergency department.
Author and Senior Reviewer: Barton D. Schmitt, M.D.
Content Set: Pediatric HouseCalls Symptom Checker
Pediatric HouseCalls Symptom Checker
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Automotive: Reinforcements for sound absorption elements
Car manufacturers use sound absorption elements for the noise reduction of their vehicles. These elements are mostly made of heavy foamed plastics / polyurethane (PUR) hard foam, bitumen or composite materials.
They are typically assembled or applied in spaces which allow merely an extremely flat construction, such as underneath the hood / bonnet or under the headliner. Partially these spaces are only accessible within the mounting process (e.g. between door panel and window glasses rolled / winded down). Dependent from the quality degree of a vehicle, sound absorption elements are also used:
- In the A-, B-, C- and (within station wagons / combi vans) D-pillars
- In trunks lids / boot lids
- In interior surfaces of wings / fenders
- In isolations between dashboard and engine bay / compartment (front engine) or between (back) seats and rear engine
- Between carpet and chassis
- At the transmission tunnel
Highly desired side effects of sound absorption elements are the damping of car body vibrations as well as an isolation against heat and coldness. This makes sound insulation moldings also indispensable for motorhomes and caravans.
For a maximum form stability and durability absorption elements need a structural reinforcement. Automotive – engineers rely on BAFA®-laid scrims to optimize sound-absorbing parts against force effects:
- Shear forces
- Slipping / shifting out of position
- Friction / abrasion
Reinforcements for rear shelves, headliners, impact protection
BAFA®-laid scrims are also used to reinforce headliners and rear shelves. Here the emphasis lies in increasing the form stability and torsional rigidity. Another area of application are impact protection mats to protect car doors in narrow garages.
What are laid scrims?
Laid scrims are lightweight structures made of yarns /technical textiles that differ significantly from ordinary fabrics:
- The threads don’t lie loosely upon and underneath each other. With a „binder“ they are glued permanently at their contact points.
- Threads run diagonally / multi-axial in 6 to 10 directions. Thus they absorb working forces significantly more effective.
- They are more flexible and simultaneously more stable.
- Their higher structural tearing strength allows wider meshes and a significantly lower weight per unit area.
- You can combine various options of materials, taking benefit of their specific characteristics.
- The threads of the scrim can be equipped with a multitude of impregnations to support the specific purposes of the final product.
For more information about BAFA®-laid scrims click here.
Suitability for automated production processes
Every second of a vehicle’s mounting process costs money. With BAFA®-laid scrims the suppliers of the automotive industry save time in the assembly of their products. You have 3 options to process our laid scrims:
- As a layer within multi-layer products
- Gluing on contact surfaces (e.g. body panels)
- As an element of double-faced adhesive tapes
BAFATEX supplies laid scrims in coiled widths – on request just-in-time. With their excellent cuttability and punchability they enable a high build quality and a high processing speed. Thus they are suitable for manual workmanship as well as for automated punching production lines.
Depending in which characteristics your product shall have we offer you laid scrims of these materials:
- Glass fibre
- Carbon fibre
- Steel filament mixed yarns
- more materials on request
Glass fibre / glass filament is the most widely used material to reinforce sound absorption elements in the automotive industry. Glass fibre / glass filament is particularly resistant against the heat of engines and very low outdoor temperatures, with an impressive durability under extreme variations in temperature.
The typical specification for reinforcements of sound absorption elements:
- Glass filament yarn
- Warp / longitudinal direction: 34 tex,
- Weft / cross direction: 22 tex
Please take a look at the data about tenacity, breaking load and elongation of:
You can meet your demands and reinforce your products by altering multiple variables:
- Material, combination of materials and their characteristics (e.g. soft, hard, heat-sealable, waterproof, flame retardant)
- Thickness of the threads
- Width of the mesh
- Elongation (1,7 – 23%)
- Breaking load (2,2 – 448 N)
- Tenacity (13 – 355 cN/tex)
- Angles (and hence force transmission) of crossing threads
- Impregnators (Prepregs)
Know-how and consulting
Based on our experience of decades and our technical expertise we would be pleased to consult you about the range of characteristics and processing technologies of our scrims.
As a matter of course we are certified by DIN ISO 9002 (since 1994) to assure a permanent and high quality of our products.
Technical literature: Automotive acoustics and noise reduction
As technical literature for engineers we recommend:
- David A. Bies, Colin H. Hansen : “Engineering Noise Control: Theory and Practice, Fourth Edition”
- George Kellie: “Advances in Technical Nonwovens (Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles)”
- Gang Sheng: “Vehicle Noise, Vibration, and Sound Quality”
- M. L. Munjal: “Noise and Vibration Control: (IIsc Lecture Notes Series – Vol 3)”
Header Image: Porsche 911 length cut: Maximilian Schönherr, Creative Commons
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+44 (0)1326 330 036
After deciding on the area or structures needing to be mapped, we use automated flight systems to plan a route that covers the area.
Using a process called photogrammetry, we capture hundreds of images from many different angles resulting in a large data set. This data is then processed using different software systems that generate a 3D model complete with textures.
Using the 3D model we are then able to produce a range of different outcomes, from web-based 3D viewers through to interactive 3D tours (see examples below).
Using remote aerial systems has many benefits compared to traditional ground-based survey methods and practices.
View some of the previous SFM photogrammetry projects we have worked on from around the UK and further afield.
Aerial systems are a cost effective and accurate way of documenting and surveying historical and archaeological sites. 3D models generated from the aerial data can be used for many different types of analysis, or further developed into 3D tours showing what sites looked like at different periods in time (like our Wheal Prosper example above).
3D aerial mapping provides much faster and detailed methods of carrying out geological/landscape surveys. It is also a safer alternative for locations that are difficult or dangerous to reach, such as cliff erosion inspections. An automated remote system also means that the data can be analysed again in the future from the same survey points.
For outdoor leisure businesses, such as golf courses, showing customers what you have to offer is vital. Interactive 3D tours of individual elements of your site, or a map of the whole location is a great way to attract visitors and show key information about your services. Combined with photos and videos, customers get a useful and memorable experience prior to and during their visit.
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< Back to Glossary
Individuals on the autism spectrum vary enormously from each other but they all share the two 'core' features of autism:
- persistent difficulties with social communication and social interaction. For example, they may find it hard to begin or carry on a conversation, they may not understand social rules such as how far to stand from somebody else, or they may find it difficult to make friends.
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. For example, they may develop an overwhelming interest in something, they may follow inflexible routines or rituals, they may make repetitive body movements, or they may be hypersensitive to certain sounds.
There are 151 publications matching this term. Click Here to view the list (New Window).
About This Glossary
This glossary is designed to explain some of the jargon and gobbledygook used by some people when they talk about autism or research..
You may be able to find more information, including links to other parts of this website, by clicking on the title of an item.
If you can't find the word you are looking for, or you know of a word we should include, please email [email protected]
The fact that an intervention is listed in this glossary does not necessarily mean that we agree with its use. Nor does it necessarily mean that there is any scientifically valid or reliable evidence behind it.
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Last name origins & meanings:
- English (chiefly West Midlands): (of Norman origin):
habitational or regional name from Old French mansel
‘inhabitant of Le Mans or the surrounding area of Maine’. The
place was originally named in Latin (ad) Ceromannos, from the
name of the Gaulish tribe living there, the Ceromanni. The name
was reduced to Celmans and then became Le Mans as a
result of the mistaken identification of the first syllable with the
Old French demonstrative adjective.
- English (chiefly West Midlands): status name for a particular
type of feudal tenant, Anglo-Norman French mansel, one who
occupied a manse (Late Latin mansa ‘dwelling’), a
measure of land sufficient to support one family.
- English (chiefly West Midlands): some early
examples, such as Thomas filius Manselli (Northumbria 1256),
point to derivation from a personal name, perhaps the Germanic
derivative of Mann 2 Latinized as Manzellinus.
Comments for Mansell
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Credible Academic Sources
Credible sources are generally texts that can be trusted and authoritative. These would be texts with support in terms of reliable evidence (facts, data, statistics) and often referring to previous work by academic authors. The most common credible sources are scholarly journals, conference papers and books.
What types of sources should I use for writing academic essays?
Credible sources are generally texts that can be trusted and authoritative. These would be texts with support in terms of reliable evidence (facts, data, statistics) and often referring to previous work by academic authors. The most common credible sources are scholarly journals, conference papers and books because these have been peer-reviewed (read and approved for publication by other authors). However, there are good websites that can be used; generally ending in .gov / .edu / .ac.
Primary and Secondary Sources
Two types of sources: Primary and Secondary. A primary source is the main source of evidence. This can be raw data, records and key facts. A secondary source draws on the primary data and analyses it.
Key questions to ask when evaluating source material
Is there an author? Date?
Is there evidence? Where is it from? Sourced?
Is there a reference list? And in-text referencing?
Generally, there shouldn’t be glossy pictures or advertising.
It should be written in an academic formal style and quite difficult to read.
Reading & Research Skills: What is a credible source?
This lesson highlights the key components of identifying credible and reliable resources. It includes a checklist on 20 different sources and students have to decide whether these are credible or not. Page link Level ***** [B1/B2] TEACHER MEMBERSHIP / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP
Credible Sources: The Academic Journal Peer Review Process – NC State University
This NC State university video explains how an academic scholar submits a research paper to a journal publishing company and the full process the article goes through before it is published. This listening and worksheet helps students to understand what is considered a credible source and why. Example Level: ***** [B2/C1] / Video [03.15] / MP3 / Webpage link / TEACHER MEMBERSHIP / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP
Here is a range of academic search engines to access academic papers, journals and other scholarly sources. Many classic academic databases like Web of Science and Scopus are subscription sites only. However, Google Scholar and others can be accessed free of charge and although not all resources are free, there are many articles which are open source.
- Google Scholar
For more information go here: https://paperpile.com/g/academic-search-engines/
More digital resources and lessons
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Lindbergh schools librarians are going global in their efforts to increase literacy among school-age children, committing to build a library in Swaziland, Africa, as part of a partnership with nonprofit organization The African Library Project. The African Library Project establishes primary libraries in Africa to increase literacy on a continent that has the highest rate of illiteracy in the world.
“When you see such a need, it is an easy decision to get involved,” said Amy Sears, librarian at Sperreng Middle School and book drive organizer. “It is evident what a huge impact donating books could have on the lives of these people. Literacy means more than just a better life; it can mean the difference between life and death.”
Between now and March, Lindbergh librarians hope to collect 2,000 used or new books for grade levels K-8. Community members and Lindbergh families are encouraged to drop off book donations to any school library in the district. From there, the books will travel to Swaziland, Africa, to their new library home. Swaziland schools provide the space, furniture, and staffing for the library.
In addition to collecting books, the libraries need to raise about $1,000 to cover a portion of the shipping costs. Fundraisers are being planned at the schools, and donations are also accepted at the libraries.
For more information, please visit www.lindberghschools.ws/Sperreng, and click the “African Library Project” link under the “News and Events” tab.
Not having books in schools is just one of the national crises Swaziland faces. Nearly 70 percent of the population lives on less than $1 a day and almost 40 percent of adults have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, the highest rate in the world.
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Queen Anne of Brittany's Heart Stolen From French Museum
Bringing new meaning to the idea of stealing someone's heart, thieves in France made off with a 16th-century gold relic containing the once-beating organ of Anne of Brittany, the only woman to ever have been twice crowned the queen of France.
Over the weekend, burglars smashed a window of the Thomas-Dobrée museum in Nantes and lifted the six-inch case from its display, The Telegraph reports.
Anne was crowned queen when she was just 12 years old after marrying Charles VIII of France in 1491. After his death in 1498, she married Louis XII and once again ascended the throne, where she stayed until her death at age 36. Although her body was buried at the Basilica of Saint Denis, she requested that her heart be kept alongside her parents’ tomb in Brittany.
“The thieves attacked our common heritage and stole an item of inestimable value," Philippe Grosvalet, president of the Loire-Atlantique department, which owns the museum, told The Telegraph. "Much more than a symbol, the case containing the heart of Anne of Brittany belongs to our history.”
The gold relic was saved from being melted down after the French Revolution, and it has been kept safe at the Thomas-Dobrée museum for more than 130 years. The case contains an inscription in old French, which translates to: “In this small vessel of pure, fine gold rests the greatest heart of any woman in the world.”
This practice of burying the heart apart from the rest of the body was not entirely uncommon among European aristocrats in the Middle Ages. The hearts of both Richard I and Anne Boleyn were kept in lead boxes, and the hearts of 22 former popes are stored in marble urns at Rome's Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio a Trevi church.
It's also far from the only instance of relic theft. In a slightly more bizarre case, fragments of the brain of John Bosco, a 19th century Roman Catholic priest, were contained in a reliquary at his basilica in Castelnuovo, central Italy, until they were snatched by a thief in 2017. The reliquary was ultimately recovered by police from the suspect’s kitchen cupboard.
[h/t The Telegraph]
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An unprecedented number of women were elected to parliament on May 7th in the 2015 general election. In a night that surprised politicos, pollsters and media types across the country, many were thrilled to see a historic number of 191 women elected to the House of Commons.
The most representative parliament to date
Only 100 years ago, the Houses of Parliament was a male only establishment with women only eligible to stand for parliament since 1918. Although we are far from a gender-balanced parliament, the 2015 crop of female MPs represents a historic moment for women in the UK.
The political class is changing, too slowly for some (myself included), but the important thing is that it is becomingly increasingly representative of society. There were 191 women elected; the number of ethnic minority MPs doubled to 42 and 25 openly gay, lesbian or bisexual MPs will take their seats in the House of Commons. There were record-breaking seven women taking up their seats as Cameron’s Cabinet Ministers at the heart of power.
The number of women MPs reached double digits in 1987 under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher, and slowly increased until a 173% hike, thanks to the historic intake under New Labour, in 1997. The July 2014 reshuffle saw Prime Minister David Cameron appoint a record number of eight women to take their seat at the Cabinet table. The 7-way TV debate that occurred in April 2015 saw 3 women hold their own including Leader of the Green Party, Natalie Bennett, Leader of Plaid Cymru, Leanne Wood and Leader of the SNP, Nicola Sturgeon.
There are almost 30% women MPs poised to take their seats in the House of Commons following this election; and a historic 43% of Labour Party MPs are female and 26% of Conservative MPs. However, unfortunately the Liberal Democrats lost all their women MPs in a devastating night for the party, exacerbating an existing gender in-balance.
The first woman elected to the Commons, Countess Constance Markievicz did not take her seat as she was an Irish Republican. It was Viscountess Nancy Astor who first took that historic seat as the first female MP for Plymouth Sutton in 1919. She was well known in society for being brilliantly witty, intelligent and infamously saucy in conversation at times. Two of her best lines were ‘I married beneath me. All women do’ and ‘I refuse to admit that I am more than fifty-two, even if that does make my sons illegitimate’.
Shining stars of the new parliament
The UK has seen some exceptional women take their seats since Viscountess Nancy in 1918 and I was thrilled to see some new shining stars in the 2015 political intake.
An unknown 20-year-old defeated incumbent Shadow Foreign Secretary, Douglas Alexander in Paisley and Renfrewshire. In a testament to the determination and resilience of young people, SNP’s Mhairi Black was mid-way through her undergraduate dissertation at Glasgow University when she was elected. As her deadline looms, she will take her seat in the House of Commons as the youngest MP since the 17th Century.
Some other notable female successes include Labour’s Naz Shah defeat of incumbent Respect party leader George Galloway to take Bradford West with a majority of 11,420. Caroline Lucas remains the only Green party MP. Secretary of State for Education and Minister for Women and Equality, Nicky Morgan substantially increased her majority to win her Loughborough constituency with 50% of the votes.
One can’t ignore the notable victory of the SNP led by the formidable Scottish first minister Nicola Sturgeon. She led the SNP to a resounding victory wining 56 seats and powered her way through the 7-way TV debate. Almost 1 in 3 of SNP MPs in Westminster are female.
Beyond 'Blair's Babes'; and 'Cameron's Cuties'
However we are a long way from a gender-balanced parliament and many believe there is still in-depth sexism rife in our political system. Former Employment Minister Esther McVey, who recently lost her West Wirral seat, suffered comments from former Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott on the campaign trail that she was only memorable because of how good she looked in a dress. He also said she was ‘heartless’ and ‘just like Thatcher’.
Margaret Thatcher was an exceptional and talented woman who became the first female Prime Minister of our country in 1979. However I believe we must avoid comparing all ambitious and talented women MPs to her, particularly Conservative ones as they should be recognised for their own individual talents and capabilities, rather than their similarities or otherwise to a woman who was in power decades ago.
A record number of 1,030 women put themselves up as candidates for election and 191 were elected. Unfortunately women only comprised 26% of the total candidates and 102 constituencies did not have a woman standing at all. We must strive harder to educate and empower more women to stand. We must do more to support our existing women MPs in order to retain their place and asend through the political party hierachy to the top tiers. We must do more to ensure the gender inbalance at Westminster continues to narrow.
There is a structural, historic problem with the under-representation of women in parliament, however we should celebrate the 2015 general election as a significnat step in the right direction. Having a more representative House of Commons is in the interest of the entire country, and I look forward to a day when we see women represented in parliament to the same extent that they are in society.
BRIT POLITICS General Election Team - About EmilyEmily is a 23-year-old MSc student at the London School of Economics and a Director of Conservative Future Women.
She is also Campaign Developer for the Red Light Campaign and UK Ambassador for One Young World.
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No, we're not actually talking about Raquel Welch. Archaeologists discovered a stone carving of a woman's body in a cave in Germany that dates back nearly 35,000 years. And scholars believe it was associated with fertility beliefs—for good reason. The carver of this small statuette emphasized the breasts and the butt, and overly exaggerated other key female parts. Paul Mellars, an archaeologist at the University of Cambridge in England, told The New York Times, "by modern standards, the figurine's blatant sexuality could be seen as bordering on pornographic." We doubt it was NSFW back then, though.
PHOTO: GETTY IMAGES
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Did you enjoy our April Fool? If you want to know what CERN scientists are actually doing with sonification, you can find out more in our video, here.
Scientists at CERN have been using new techniques to try and learn more about the tiniest particles in our universe. One unusual method they’ve utilised is to turn data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) into sounds – using music as a language to translate what they find.
Physics data and music share many similar connections, from resonances and vibrations, to patterns and frequency. By sonifying the data, comparing it to a musical score and then applying what we know about music theory it can give researchers a different perspective on the data, and throw up unusual insights.
This is exactly what happened this week when physicists at CERN sonified the Higgs boson data. They were shocked when, after listening to random notes as the data played its random tune, a bump in the graph translated into a well-known pattern of recognisable notes.
“It’s surprising that such an awful piece of music would be found in such important data,” said Wilhelm Richard Wagner, a CERN physicist who works on the Valkyries theory. “I’d have expected the universe to sound even more dramatic, more like a film score…’
The team are now working on sonifying as much data as possible to see if further musical patterns can be recognised. The next step is to see if other physics theories, not just the Standard Model, have music in their background noise.
You can listen to the sonified Higgs boson in the video below.
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Immediately following September 11, the key gateways of international travel-airports and land border crossings-were affected by a sharp decline in traffic and new security concerns and procedures. Entries into the United States from Canada and Mexico fell in the months immediately following September into early 2002. For instance, in September 2001 the number of personal vehicles entering the United States from Canada and Mexico was 20 percent less than in September 2000. The decline continued in October 2001 with a decrease of 24 percent over October 2000 levels .
Although international air travel grew during the 1990s, it was beginning to slow in early 2001 due to the economic downturn. The September 2001 terrorist attacks further depressed air travel. International revenue passenger-miles on U.S. carriers fell by 29 percent in September 2001 and 37 percent in October 2001 when compared with the same months in 2000. International enplanements also declined by similar amounts, 27 and 32 percent less than the September and October 2000 levels.
Government agencies charged with protecting U.S. borders have tightened inspections and security procedures for both people and freight.1 The anti-terrorism law, the USA Patriot Act (Public Law 107-56), enacted on October 26, 2001, authorized a tripling of U.S. agents along the Canadian border. Border enforcement is expected to increase on the Mexican border, as well. The Immigration and Naturalization Service's (INS) fiscal year 2003 budget request proposed 570 new border patrol agent positions. Half would be deployed to the northern border and half along the southwest border. In addition, aviation issues closely related to large travel volumes, such as airport capacity shortfalls, congestion, and liberalization, have taken a back seat to security concerns.
Heightened security has essentially added a new element to travel time, forcing passengers to not only count the total duration of delays and cancellations among the possible inconveniences to their travel plans but to also reserve ample time to clear security before each flight. Advisories after September 2001 suggested passengers arrive at airports two hours before domestic flight departures, and three hours prior to international departures. Since Spring 2002 these recommendations have been relaxed as better knowledge is gained about airport security timing issues. Land border crossings have also been affected. In the Seattle INS district, while traffic decreased 55 percent, wait time at the border increased 443 percent from October through December 2001, compared with the same period in 2000 .
1. Coleman, R.S., District Director, Immigration and Naturalization Service Seattle District, presentation at the Ship Operations Cooperative Program Annual Meeting, Feb. 12-13, 2002, Seattle, WA.
2. U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Border Crossing Data, available at http://www.bts.gov/itt/, as of June 2002.
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What is Dogecoin?
Dogecoin, otherwise known as DOGE, is a cryptocurrency that is extremely popular around the world. The value of the dogecoins in circulation is worth more than 50 billion dollars, and the final value of the cryptocurrency is only estimated to increase. Dogecoin is heavily backed by the CEO of Tesla, Elon Musk, who steadily increases the value every time he speaks on the topic, whether through an SNL appearance or a tweet. However, to understand Dogecoin, it’s essential to know the story behind the popular cryptocurrency.
The Beginning of Dogecoin
The original cryptocurrency on the market was Bitcoin, which was a fantastic technical innovation that allowed anyone to pay low fees to exchange digital money without needing consent from anyone. However, the downside of the popular cryptocurrency was that it was open-source, which means that anyone can easily replicate the technology. At one point, tons of alternative cryptocurrencies did just that, offering the same services and ideas behind Bitcoin.
Dogecoin is a copy of Bitcoin created by software engineers Jackson Palmer and Billy Markus in December of 2013. It was made as a joke against Bitcoin and was designed to be a playful cryptocurrency, including moon-related phrases and images of a Shiba Inu dog. Due to its quirks, Dogecoin immediately started to gain a following from a wide variety of people. Some of their prominent followers included those who weren’t serious about cryptocurrency but wanted to be a part of it, those who liked dogs, and those who wanted to make fun of cryptocurrency. Plus, it had the backing of giant social media forums, like Reddit, to support the growth of Dogecoin.
However, Dogecoin went through challenges. In fact, in the same month that the cryptocurrency was released, the wallet was hacked, and millions of Dogecoins were stolen. Thankfully, due to the Dogecoins Reddit community, they were able to fundraise money to replace the cost of the stolen coins. Through the power of donations, Dogecoin was also able to train assistance dogs for autistic children and send clean water to Kenya.
Through the ups and downs of the cryptocurrency market, including a horrible crash in 2018, Dogecoin has still been standing while other currencies had to shut down. In fact, Dogecoin has consistently grown since that point, reaching new heights in 2022.
Why is Dogecoin So Popular?
The value of Dogecoin has suddenly grown in 2022 after years of almost no growth. This is due to a ton of public support. Famous figures have increasingly shown their support for this cryptocurrency, including Mark Cuban and Elon Musk. The public endorsements, combined with social media posts on TikTok and Instagram, have driven people to purchase Dogecoin simply because there is hype around it. There’s even Dogecoin subreddit with more than 1.5 million subscribers dedicated to talking about everything related to cryptocurrency.
What is Dogecoin Used For?
Many holders of the popular cryptocurrency are waiting for it to reach the $1 mark. However, before you jump on board to wait for this growth, there are a few things you need to consider. While Dogecoin does have the support of rich people along with a huge fanbase, it’s still not as inviting as other cryptocurrencies like Etherum and Bitcoin because it does not have any real purpose.
Unlike other cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, which allows you to use the cryptocurrency to purchase a wide variety of items, there is very little you can actually do with Dogecoin. The top cryptocurrency websites don’t even trade the coin just yet. One of the few places you can spend your Dogecoins includes the Kessler Collection resorts, and AirBaltic the Latvian airline. While it might be fun to purchase and hold, it’s important to note how little you can do with your Dogecoin investment.
What is Dogecoin Worth?
Unlike other cryptocurrencies, Dogecoin is not yielding a huge pay-off for its many investors. Dogecoin is current at .49 cents with a market cap of over $10,000,000,000. While that number may seem impressive, it doesn’t compare to Bitcoin’s market cap, which is more than 80 times the size of Dogecoin.
Dogecoin has endured massive fluctuation, as most cryptocurrency does, with it selling for less than .01 cents in January of 2021 and hitting a high in May 2021 of .55 cents. That means if you invested $1,000 in January of 2022, you could have made up to $55,000 in May from your investment.
Will Dogecoin Make Me Rich?
Dogecoin is volatile and should be purchased with caution. It won’t necessarily make you rich to invest in this cryptocurrency because it can crash at any moment. However, tons of people are very excited about Dogecoin, with many posting social media updates and purchasing more coins every day.
The energy around the coin tends to drive up its price, especially with the extra endorsement from Elon Musk. While the coin has been consistently increasing in value, that doesn’t mean it will have a lasting future, especially since there is no actual practical use for the cryptocurrency. Plus, there are 128 billion Dogecoins in circulation, with no cap being placed on it, unlike other cryptocurrencies.
Is Dogecoin a Good Investment?
This decision to buy Dogecoin and whether or not it’s a good investment is up to your discretion. Before making any big purchases, make sure to talk with a professional investor or conduct your own research to ensure this is a good decision for you and your financial goals.
Just like the decision to purchase any cryptocurrency available on the market, Dogecoin is a speculative purchase. The prices fall and rise dramatically, which can be challenging to deal with, especially if you’ve invested a significant amount of money. While it’s possible that the cryptocurrency could rise even higher in value, it’s also possible that it could drop dramatically in value.
Make sure only to invest money that you would be comfortable losing. If you’re not already investing in an emergency fund or 401k account, it might be wise to put the money you intended for Dogecoin into something more reliable.
Is It Easy To Buy Dogecoin?
While most cryptocurrencies are easy to buy, like Etherum, Litecoin, and Bitcoin, that is quite the opposite reality for Dogecoin. Many popular cryptocurrency exchanges, like BlockFi or Coinbase, do not offer Dogecoin as a cryptocurrency you can purchase.
If you’re serious about purchasing Dogecoin, you’ll want to ensure you have a wallet so you can buy the cryptocurrency securely without having to keep it on an exchange, as exchanges are known to be prone to hackers. Your wallet can typically be stored on mobile apps or browsers and is released with a password to keep prying eyes away from your investment.
Once you have your wallet created, you’ll need to be logged into a cryptocurrency exchange and use one of the following methods to purchase your Dogecoin.
- Cryptocurrency: If you already own cryptocurrency, you can trade it with others who hold the cryptocurrency you are looking to purchase. For example, if you have Litecoin and want Dogecoin, you could find another trader to make the swap happen. This is an excellent solution if you’re trying to avoid fees, as you’ll typically spend less than 1% per transaction. This option may be too overwhelming or complex for new traders and should be avoided if you’re uncomfortable with the process.
- Bank Transfer: While you can purchase cryptocurrency by initiating a bank transfer, the process can be excruciatingly long. Most times, it will take up to 3 days for your transaction to process. The downside of this method is that you can’t control how the market will fluctuate within those days, which can impact the value of your investment.
- Credit Card: Buying with a credit card is the fastest and easiest way to obtain cryptocurrency. While the fees are higher and will require you to incur a flat fee and a 3% processing fee, this method makes the most sense for most buyers.
Final Notes on Dogecoin
It’s impossible to predict what the value of Dogecoin will look like in the future, as is the truth with any cryptocurrency you purchase. It’s possible that the prices will continue to rise because of its dedicated following or could fall dramatically as people lost interest. It’s a fair assumption that Dogecoin may never be worth thousands of dollars, like Ethereum or Bitcoin, because of the unlimited supply available of it.
If you’re looking for an inexpensive, fun way to invest in cryptocurrency and want to be part of the “To The Moon” trend, you can purchase Dogecoin. Ensure that you feel comfortable if that money was to disappear as the future value of Dogecoin could change at any moment.
Disclaimer: The information provided contains opinions of the author or editorial staff regarding investment, tax, or financial information. Such articles are provided for general informational purposes only and do not purport to provide specific legal or other professional advice. This information provided is in no way a solicitation to sell or purchase cryptocurrencies in any way. The recipient agrees that the authors, owners, and publishing agents of this article have no liability whatsoever for the material presented here, as we do not offer any brokerage or advisory information.
PAYDEPOT doesn’t give any advice or recommendations. For financial advice, contact a professional consultant.
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https://paydepot.com/blog/what-dogecoin
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00014.warc.gz
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en
| 0.959035 | 1,998 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The Land Use Zone of London
The Reverend Henry Hunter, who published his 'History of London and its Environs' in 1811, said that at any given time London was surrounded by concentric belts of land, each used for a particular purpose. The immediate fringe was a belt of clay pits where bricks were being fired to build the new houses. These produced a ring of fire round the town. Gravel pits too were opened wherever possible. Then came a ring of cattle pastures, which included Paddington and St. John's Wood. There were market gardens in the alluvial soil along the Thames and its tributaries, such as the Westbourne, but their main concentrations were at Isleworth and Brentford. The outermost zone was of hayfields which gradually gave way to grain.
In 1975-6 the London Topographical Society produced a handsome facsimile of Thomas Milne's 'Land Use Map of London and Environs, 1800,' with a long and informative introduction by G.B.G. Bull. Although Henry Hunter printed no map, Professor Bull produced a set of them based on Hunter's descriptions and the information shown by Milne. Thus one can see the distribution of parks, gardens, marshes and other areas, each on a separate map. The example reproduced here, by kind permission of London Topographical Society shows the zones clearly.
Edgware Road and Bayswater Road have been added for the purpose of this book. The former marches along the gravel ridge of Maida Hill, cut by the Rivers Westbourne and Tyburn, while the Bayswater Road is also largely on gravel. Most of St. Marylebone was meadows providing green grazing for cows and horses. Further out, north and south, were hay meadows, the oil fields of the period, providing the motive power for London's horse-drawn traffic.
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<urn:uuid:292197f1-d77f-44cb-b6e1-88a30d2998fd>
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CC-MAIN-2017-34
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http://locallocalhistory.co.uk/mp/p001/page033.htm
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886117874.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823055231-20170823075231-00688.warc.gz
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en
| 0.967927 | 384 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Some medical tests report results in milliliters (mL). A milliliter measures fluid volume. It is equal to one-thousandth of a liter. A liter is a little bigger than a quart. A milliliter is also called a cubic centimeter (cc).
Medical Review:Anne C. Poinier MD - Internal Medicine & Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine & Martin J. Gabica MD - Family Medicine
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<urn:uuid:8ae9cfea-d78f-419b-9ae5-aee2f912bee0>
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CC-MAIN-2020-34
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https://www.umcvc.org/health-library/stm159490
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735867.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804102630-20200804132630-00381.warc.gz
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en
| 0.870443 | 89 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The Publications Warehouse does not have links to digital versions of this publication at this time
The presence of the Glacier Peak G ash and the underlying St. Helens Jy ash in laminated lake sediments near Marias Pass indicates that in this region the Continental Divide was ice free before about 11 400 BP. Macrofossils, pollen, and spores in these same sediments indicate establishment of shrubs, herbs, and scattered conifers by that time. At Sun River Canyon, about 90 km south of Marias Pass, presence of the Glacier Peak G ash in a postglacial alluvial fan indicates that glacial ice had receded upvalley from the canyon mouth and that the Sun River Glacier no longer existed by 11 200 BP. -from Authors
Additional Publication Details
Deglaciation of the mountainous region of northwestern Montana, U.S.A., as indicated by late Pleistocene ashes.
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<urn:uuid:1e8aae2d-465b-4b89-94f2-03a9f39503c6>
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CC-MAIN-2015-06
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http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014565
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121981339.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175301-00252-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.921519 | 188 | 2.890625 | 3 |
In this course I will teach you an step by step process of building a website using just HTML, CSS and Bootstrap only. This course is specially designed for students who have learned some basics of html and CSS but unable to put together the knowledge in building professional web projects. Everything you learn in this course will help you in steering your knowledge and polish your skills that will help in starting a career as a web developer. Even if you are the advance level of HTML and CSS this course is equally important to you as knowing computer languages and applying them in real projects are two different things.
Most of the concepts I teach you in this project based course can be applied in making tons of other websites, the key point is to learn the process.
Following things will be polished upon taking this course:
I promise this course will be a big value addition in your learning process and will steer you to the success in your web development career.
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CC-MAIN-2018-43
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https://deal5star.com/build-an-awesome-website-using-html-css-bootstrap/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583510893.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20181016221847-20181017003347-00040.warc.gz
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en
| 0.960068 | 188 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Antarctic Kunlun Station
It is located 4087 m above sea level, the highest among all research stations, and 7.3 km southwest to Dome A and was officially opened on January 27, 2009. Fully constructed the station is planned to cover an area of 558 m². The main building, covering 236 m², is planned erected in April 2009.
The site is one of the coldest in the world, with temperatures occasionally reaching −80 °C (−112 °F) in the winter. It is indicated from satellite measurements that places nearby could reach a world record −90 °C (−130 °F) temperature.
In April 2012 the first of three Antarctica Schmidt telescopes (AST3) was installed at Kunlun Station. The other two were planned for installation in 2013 and 2014. A bigger optical telescope, Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope (KDUST), is planned to be installed by 2020.
Telescopes at Antarctic Kunlun Station
|Instrument Name||Aperture||Installation Year||Remarks|
|Chinese Small Telescope Array (CSTAR) ||0.145m||2008||CSTAR is an array of four Schmidt telescope with aperture of 14.5cm,equipped with 1Kx1K CCD each.|
|Antarctica Schmidt telescopes (AST3)||0.5m||2012-2014||First of three AST3 telescopes was installed at the Antarctic Kunlun Station in April 2012. |
|Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope (KDUST)||2.5m||2020||KDUST is a 2.5 meter infrared optical telescope designed to detect and observe Earth-like planets in the Milky Way using infrared light. |
|Dome A Terahertz Explorer-5 (DATE5)||5m||2020||DATE5 is a 5 meter telescope designed to detect light with longer wavelengths, which will allow astronomers to detect and observe nascent stars. |
|Infrared optical telescope||6-8m||2020+|
|New terahertz telescope||15m||2020+|
- Antarctic Great Wall Station
- Antarctic Zhongshan Station
- Antarctic Taishan Station
- Arctic Yellow River Station
- Polar Research Institute of China
- Xuě Lóng
- "China sets up 3rd Antarctic research station". 2009-01-28. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
- Minus credibility? Antarctic record low temperature disputed
- Official website Polar Research Institute of China
- Official website Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration
- International Polar Foundation report
- PLATO - Dome A Robotic Observatory
- Photos of inauguration
- PLATO - Dome A webcam
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<urn:uuid:9a2af2d1-a99d-4f0e-b90a-42dc709999b6>
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CC-MAIN-2015-11
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Kunlun_Station
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462141.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00057-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.815877 | 573 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Become more familiar with Cron Jobs - what exactly are they, what function do they have and how to create them.
Cron jobs are scheduled tasks, that are executed on regular intervals of time set by the end user and they also execute scripts developed in several programming languages - PHP, Perl, Bash, etcetera. Determined by what exactly a cron should do, it may run every minute, every week or perhaps each year. There are a lot of useful applications to employ cron jobs in the daily management of a website. Such as, a backup of the entire site can be generated once a day or perhaps once per week or an e-mail with all of the new signups for the day can be delivered to a specific e-mail address. These types of automatic options can make the administration of every site faster and easier. There aren't any particular file types that are allowed / forbidden, so any script can be run employing a cron job.
Cron Jobs in Web Hosting
The Hepsia Control Panel, that is included with all of our web hosting
, will allow you to set up cron jobs in a few easy steps even when you have never used this function previously. Once you log in and visit the Cron Jobs section where you'll be able to assign background tasks, you just have to copy and paste the server access path to Perl, Python or PHP according to the script that you'll run, type the path inside of your account to the specific script file and then choose how often the cron job has to be carried out. For the latter, you can use the basic mode and pick the days, hours, minutes, etc. using straightforward drop-down navigation, or in case you are more knowledgeable, you can take advantage of the advanced mode and set the time period with numbers and asterisks i.e. the typical method which you might have employed with various other Control Panels.
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<urn:uuid:28d44df0-a113-4b40-bcc4-1a704f3e8bd3>
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CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://funservers.com/definitions/cron-jobs/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224653501.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607010703-20230607040703-00132.warc.gz
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en
| 0.946999 | 400 | 2.75 | 3 |
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