XiaoZhang98/OntoURL · Datasets at Hugging Face

identifier stringlengths 12 12	question stringlengths 81 312	options stringlengths 34 6.9k	answer stringclasses 4 values	task_label stringclasses 1 value	domain stringclasses 39 values	label stringlengths 1 198	iri stringlengths 29 109
1_1_r1pevq1t	In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Input Set'?	A. artifact_output, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. B. Event Based Exclusive Gateway C. Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to (attached with an provide additional information for the reader of a Association) BPMN Diagram. D. InputSet, which is used in the definition of common attributes for Activities and for attributes of a Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).	D	1_1	business_finance/bpmn	Input Set	http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#input_set
1_1_uprk0xh4	In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hernia'?	A. a necrotic object B. is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.[1] Hernias come in a number of different types.[6] Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin.[6] Groin hernias are most common of the inguinal type but may also be femoral.[1] Other hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias.[6] Symptoms are present in about 66% of people with groin hernias.[1] This may include pain or discomfort especially with coughing, exercise, or going to the bathroom.[1] Often it gets worse throughout the day and improves when lying down.[1] A bulging area may occur that becomes larger when bearing down.[1] Groin hernias occur more often on the right than left side.[1] The main concern is strangulation, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked.[1] This usually produces severe pain and tenderness of the area.[1] Hiatus or hiatal hernias often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain with eating.[ C. Pseudocysts are like cysts, but lack epithelial or endothelial cells. Initial management consists of general supportive care. Symptoms and complications caused by pseudocysts require surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used for initial imaging of cysts, and endoscopic ultrasounds are used in differentiating between cysts and pseudocysts. Endoscopic drainage is a popular and effective method of treating pseudocysts. This is not to be confused with the so-called "pseudocystic appearance", mainly radiographically, of other lesions, such as Stafne static bone cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst[1] of the jaws. D. is a condition in which an orifice or passage in the body is (usually abnormally) closed or absent. Examples of atresia include: Biliary atresia, a condition in newborns in which the common bile duct between the liver and the small intestine is blocked or absent.	B	1_1	health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology	hernia	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000084
1_1_cnuh4ay0	In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf teeth'?	A. Determination on the leaf teeth B. Achene length average C. Plant height D. Specific leaf area (sla)	A	1_1	food_agriculture/crop_ontology	Leaf teeth	https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000031
1_1_97l6apex	In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'difference'?	A. The state of being unequal; difference. B. The quality of being unlike or dissimilar. C. A calculation that combines two elements (called operands) to produce another element. More formally, a binary operation is an operation of arity two. D. A measure of difference between the observed value of a variable and some other value, often that variable's mean.	B	1_1	sciences/gsso_ontology	difference	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000553
1_1_b0g3ptax	In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 9'?	A. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PHI gene (GPI) on chromosome 19q13. B. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in hemizygous or heterozygous mutation in the GATA1 gene on chromosome Xp11. C. An amino acid metabolic disorder and a congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that is characterized by decreased levels of cellular glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine and hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GCLC gene on chromosome 6p12.1. D. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia a mild form of glutathione synthetase deficiency characterized by hemolytic anemia and deficiency in GSH that is limited to the red blood cells, with nucleated cells able to maintain normal or near normal expression levels that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in GSS on chromosome 20q11.22.	B	1_1	health_medicine/human_disease_ontology	congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 9	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0051008
1_1_dwfcg22v	In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'hexadecyl benzoate'?	A. A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of benzoic acid with the hydroxy group of hexadecan-1-ol. B. A lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from the roots of Euphorbia micractina. C. A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. D. A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 5-(8-hydroxyundecyl)benzene-1,3-diol with 4,6-dihydroxy benzoic acid which is also substituted by a undec-7-en-1-yl group at position 6. It is isolated from Cytonaema sp. and has anti-HIV-1 activity.	A	1_1	sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology	hexadecyl benzoate	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145972
1_1_gxq4nb41	In the ontology of Semantic Sensor Network, which of the following definitions best describes 'Input'?	A. Any information that is reported from a Procedure. B. System is a unit of abstraction for pieces of infrastructure that implements Procedures. A System may have components, its subsystems, which are other systems. C. Any information that is provided to a Procedure for its use. D. Describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform.	C	1_1	earth_environment/semantic_sensor_network_ontology	Input	http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/Input
1_1_9blnbvwg	In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Absolute Expression Analysis'?	A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.	A	1_1	sciences/software_ontology	obsolete Absolute Expression Analysis	http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000019
1_1_bl8cql0q	In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N,N-dihydroxydihomomethioninate'?	A. An N,N-dihydroxy-alpha-amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any N,N-dihydroxy-L-polyhomomethionine; major species at pH 7.3. B. Conjugate base of N,N-dihydroxyhexahomomethionine. C. An N,N-dihydroxy-alpha-amino-acid anion resulting from removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of N,N-dihydroxy-L-isoleucine. D. Conjugate base of N,N-dihydroxydihomomethionine.	D	1_1	sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology	N,N-dihydroxydihomomethioninate	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58846
1_1_ytbc2ck6	In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'morphinane-like compound'?	A. Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. B. Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring. C. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. D. Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects.	D	1_1	health_medicine/addiction_ontology	morphinane-like compound	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83818
1_1_yq8ihd1k	In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'diaphysis of metacarpal bone'?	A. A diaphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone. B. The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. C. Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the podocytes and capsular space. D. A renal pelvis that is part of a left ureter.	A	1_1	sciences/cell_ontology	diaphysis of metacarpal bone	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013752
1_1_2jy6yhcu	In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lesbian, gay and bisexual studies'?	A. The study of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity usually focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender dysphoria, asexual, queer, questioning, intersex people and cultures. B. the study of issues relating to sexual orientation, sexual fetishes, kink, and other aspects of sexuality and sexual diversity. C. An umbrella term for analyzing lesbian, gay, and bisexual experiences. Sometimes used to distance the lesbian, gay, and bisexual communities from the transgender community via its exclusion. D. An interdisciplinary field of study analyzing the cultural, historical, and interpersonal impact of the asexual experience on society.	C	1_1	sciences/gsso_ontology	lesbian, gay and bisexual studies	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002384
1_1_tro6fkll	In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'type II interferon binding'?	A. Binding to type II interferon, also known as interferon-gamma. B. Binding to a type III interferon. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far. C. Binding to a type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. D. Binding to an interferon, a protein produced by the immune systems of many animals in response to a challenge by a foreign agent.	A	1_1	sciences/gene_ontology	type II interferon binding	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019964
1_1_6d4x48gp	In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'landform'?	A. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] B. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements. C. Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. [Wikipedia] D. A beach, or strand, is a geological landform consisting of loose rock particles - such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble - or even shell fragments, along the shoreline of a body of water. Beaches occur along coastal areas, where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments, or at the margin of land along a lake or river subject to erosion caused by rainfall. Beaches are not necessarily found in conjunction with salt water, such as the ocean, in all instances. A seashore beach is merely one type of beach but it is the most commonly associated with the perception of the word beach.	B	1_1	earth_environment/sweet	landform	http://sweetontology.net/realmLandform/Landform
1_1_yru1lwdo	In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'formaldehyde metabolic process'?	A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.	D	1_1	sciences/gene_ontology	formaldehyde metabolic process	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046292
1_1_v52df33k	In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'branch node'?	A. A cardinal organ part of a shoot axis where a bud may form and develop into a branch , leaf , flower , inflorescence or nodal root . B. A shoot axis node that is part of a stem . C. A shoot axis node that is part of an inflorescence axis . D. A shoot axis node that is part of a branch .	D	1_1	food_agriculture/plant_ontology	branch node	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025024
1_1_414diwpf	In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant ovule outer integument'?	A. A portion of protoderm tissue that is the outermost layer of the shoot apical meristem , and gives rise to the leaf abaxial epidermis . B. A plant ovule integument which is the innermost of the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule , contiguous to the nucellus and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle at the apex. C. A portion of plant tissue that covers a plant ovule , enveloping a nucellus and forming a micropyle at the apex. D. A plant ovule integument which is the outermost the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule , contiguous to the nucellus and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle at the apex.	D	1_1	food_agriculture/plant_ontology	plant ovule outer integument	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020023
1_1_igsu76jr	In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed disorder of acid-base balance'?	A. an elevated uric acid level in the blood without symptoms of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease B. The coexistences of 2 or more primary acid-base disorders in the same patient C. diabetes is usually an inherited disease that makes people obese and have problems with daily life D. Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in body.	B	1_1	health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology	mixed disorder of acid-base balance	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000478
1_1_j1i6w80p	In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Personality changes'?	A. a partial absence or patchy, incomplete area of a myelin sheath over all or part of an axon or fiber tract due to degeneration or destruction of the myelin sheath B. An acquired language impairment of some or all of the abilities to produce or comprehend speech and to read or write. C. A defect in the understanding of complex motor commands and in the execution of certain learned movements, i.e., deficits in the cognitive components of learned movements. D. An abnormal shift in patterns of thinking, acting, or feeling.	D	1_1	health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology	Personality changes	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000751
1_1_n1h6i98s	In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'signaling receptor binding'?	A. Binding to a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity. B. Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. C. Binding to insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. D. Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).	B	1_1	sciences/cell_ontology	signaling receptor binding	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005102
1_1_rqtvzvmk	In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Deep facial vein'?	A. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which drains blood from some tonsils and soft palate. B. Tributary of fecial vein, each instance of which that follows some submental artery and drains some submandibular and sublingual glands, mylohyoid muscle, and skin in the submental area. C. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which is a short vein between some eye and root of some nose, formed by union of some supratrochlear and supraorbital veins and continues inferiorly as some facial vein. D. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which drains some pterygoid plexus.	D	1_1	health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology	Deep facial vein	http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50916
1_1_gpon8cxy	In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Evocative'?	A. The themes or elements within the game refer to brands or elements of social life, with the effect of triggering knowledge in the player starting from outside the title itself B. Classic single track storytelling C. Player's options and/or choices have a concrete impact on the structure or the way the plot progresses D. Macroclass describing the storytelling tecnique and the narrative elements in a videogame, semiotically seen ad a text.	A	1_1	arts_media_entertainment/videowl	Evocative	http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Evocative
1_1_7czlv5sl	In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bunch shape'?	A. Behaviour of male rachis - truncated or present. Truncated means there is no bract scar below the last hand. Present means there is a degenerated or persistent male bud B. Behaviour of the petiole margins - winged or not winged. the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Margin is the part of the petiole that can be bent outwards/inwards C. Shape of the first external unlifted bract of the male bud D. Shape of the fully developed bunch on a plant	D	1_1	food_agriculture/crop_ontology	Bunch shape	https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000440
1_1_8gw8kero	In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette use'?	A. Inhaling consumption that involves the use of an electronic vaping device. B. A consumption behaviour that involves breathing in a material through the nose or mouth. C. Inhaling consumption that involves using an e-cigarette. D. Inhaling consumption that involves using a device to consume an aerosol.	C	1_1	health_medicine/addiction_ontology	e-cigarette use	http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_050377
1_1_cxcnlllu	In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral gland of orbital region'?	A. A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. B. The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, located in or near the orbital region, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.[WP]. C. A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. D. A gland that is located in or around the ocular region, nearer the outer canthi.	D	1_1	health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology	lateral gland of orbital region	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015154
1_1_zcgdcx3k	In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'aspect'?	A. An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. B. An occurrent consisting exactly of a plurality of processes that are process_aggregate_member_parts_of that occurrent for all times at which it exists. C. A fiat part of a complex phenomenon that has salience in a particular context. D. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])	C	1_1	health_medicine/addiction_ontology	aspect	http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000359
1_1_7faw05it	In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Space of tenth intercostal compartment'?	A. Intercostal compartment space between sixth and seventh ribs. B. Intercostal compartment space between first and second ribs. C. Intercostal compartment space between tenth and elventh ribs. D. Intercostal compartment space between eighth and ninth ribs.	C	1_1	health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology	Space of tenth intercostal compartment	http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma321213
1_1_wgoibu4g	In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tumor necrosis factor production'?	A. The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Tumor necrosis factor is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis. B. A nerve that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. C. The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.	A	1_1	sciences/cell_ontology	tumor necrosis factor production	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640
1_1_w74wnwx0	In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'two-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial design'?	A. A randomised controlled trial design with two study arms to which participants can be allocated. B. A randomised controlled trial design that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention under conditions similar to those that would obtain were the intervention to be delivered in routine practice. C. An interventional study design in which participants are randomly allocated to receive one of two or more interventions or no intervention using a study randomisation process. D. A randomised controlled trial design in which pre-existing groups of participants are randomly allocated to intervention arms.	A	1_1	health_medicine/addiction_ontology	two-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial design	http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001270
1_1_0csk7o3u	In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of vascular wound healing'?	A. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. B. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. D. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.	B	1_1	sciences/gene_ontology	positive regulation of vascular wound healing	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035470
1_1_47esv8iq	In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete QuantArray version 2'?	A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.	B	1_1	sciences/software_ontology	obsolete QuantArray version 2	http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000331
1_1_4ehvjjtp	In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ligule margin shape determination'?	A. Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category B. Estimate the stunting and discoloration C. Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice D. Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds	C	1_1	food_agriculture/crop_ontology	Ligule margin shape determination	https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000776
1_1_j2ejl68n	In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'special play style'?	A. SpecialPlayStyle achievement is awarded to players after playing a game in special fashion. Often this is something harder than the regular play and requires more player experience to excel in it. An example of SpecialPlayStyle could be to complete a game without any violence or against a timer. B. Loyalty achievement is used to give recognition to loyal players. For example, this could be an achievement received after subscribing to the game for a year. C. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. D. Minigame achievement describes success in mini-games that have been included in a certain game but are not vital for completing the game. An example could be to complete all the Pizza deliveries in GTA minigame or gaining over 100 dollars while playing poker in Red Dead Redemption.	A	1_1	arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology	special play style	http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#SpecialPlayStyle
1_1_0idljfv9	In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glial cell'?	A. A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. B. A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from 'star' cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with 'end feet' which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and 'reactive astrocytes' (along with microglia) respond to injury. C. A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. D. A central nervous system macrophage found in the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Marker include CD11b-positive, F4/80-positive, and CD68-positive.	A	1_1	health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology	glial cell	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000125
1_1_muw9zoe1	In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'panp'?	A. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read and write GeneSpring specific data objects and covert them to BioConductor objects B. Some basic functions for plotting genetic data C. Bioconductor package concerned with analysis of cell-based RNA interference screens D. A function to make gene presence/absence calls based on distance from negative strand matching probesets (NSMP) which are derived from Affymetrix annotation. PANP is applied after gene expression values are created, and therefore can be used after any preprocessing method such as MAS5 or GCRMA, or PM-only methods like RMA. NSMP sets have been established for the HGU133A and HGU133-Plus-2.0 chipsets to date.	D	1_1	sciences/software_ontology	panp	http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000646
1_1_udz7s6av	In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'funnel cloud'?	A. Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl. B. A cloud that forms in the rising branches of mountain waves and occupies the crests of the waves. The most distinctive are the sharp-edged, lens-, or almond-shaped lenticular clouds, but a variety of stratocumulus, altocumulus, and cirrocumulus forms appear in both the main, vertically propagating waves and in the lee waves. See mountain wave, foehn cloud. C. A condensation cloud, typically funnel-shaped and extending outward from a cumuliform cloud, associated with a rotating column of air (a vortex) that may or may not be in contact with the ground. If the rotation is violent and in contact with the ground, the vortex is a tornado. Funnel clouds can occur through a variety of processes in association with convection. For example, small funnel clouds are infrequently seen extending from small, dissipating cumulus clouds in environments with significant vertical wind shear in the cloud-bearing layer. D. (Rarely called luminous clouds.) Thin silvery-blue cirrus-like clouds frequently seen during summer twilight conditions at high latitudes (above 50?) in both hemispheres. They are the highest visible clouds in the atmosphere, occurring in the upper mesosphere at heights of about 85 km, and are closely related to the polar mesospheric clouds seen in satellite observations at similar altitudes over the summer polar cap. Noctilucent clouds are now known to consist of tiny ice particles with dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers, growing in the extreme cold of the summer polar mesopause region. The condensation nuclei on which the particles grow are thought to be either smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin or large hydrated positive ions. Strong upwelling of air from below, associated with a pole-to-pole meridional circulation in the upper mesosphere, is responsible for both the extreme cold and the upward flux of water vapor. Although water-vapor mixing ratios are very low (less than 10 parts per million by volume) in the region, the temperatures are also low enough to produce a high degree of supersaturation at times. Anomalously strong radar echoes from the region, known as polar summer mesospheric echoes, are also associated with the clouds. Compare nacreous clouds, polar stratospheric clouds.	C	1_1	earth_environment/sweet	funnel cloud	http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/FunnelCloud
1_1_76ix0ygf	In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'junge aerosol layer'?	A. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. B. A maximum in large-particle concentrations observed in the lower stratosphere between 15 and 25 km. C. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. D. The elevation band on a mountain or orographic barrier that receives the greatest precipitation for a seasonal or annual average.	B	1_1	earth_environment/sweet	junge aerosol layer	http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmo/JungeAerosolLayer
1_1_lfu3bauo	In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'allergic disease process'?	A. A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier. B. The process in which an allergic disease unfolds. C. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. D. TODO: Define.	B	1_1	health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology	allergic disease process	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000130
1_1_nsjzp8p5	In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'bronchus fibroblast of lung'?	A. Either of a pair of large transverse venous sinuses that conduct blood from the cardinal veins to the sinus venosus of the vertebrate embryo[BTO]. B. A fibroblast that is part of lung. C. A perichondrial fibroblast that is part of the lung. D. Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus.	D	1_1	sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology	bronchus fibroblast of lung	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000093
1_1_fucgino5	In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyroid gland mucinous carcinoma'?	A. A thyroid gland carcinoma that is composed of undifferentiated cells. B. A thyroid gland carcinoma composed of groups of carcinoma cells with thymic epithelial differentiation. C. A thyroid gland carcinoma that is characterized by a lobulated architectural pattern and the presence of a biphasic cellular population composed of spindle epithelial cells and glandular cells. D. A thyroid gland carcinoma that is characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant epithelial cells associated with abundant extracellular mucin deposition.	D	1_1	health_medicine/human_disease_ontology	thyroid gland mucinous carcinoma	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081460
1_1_di3tqzgm	In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for general adult medical examination'?	A. other problems related to health care B. other specified health condition/status not coded for C. Encounter for general adult medical examination D. Persons encountering health services for examinations, Genetic carrier and genetic susceptibility to disease, Resistance to antimicrobial drugs, etc	C	1_1	health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology	encounter for general adult medical examination	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000369
1_1_p9nroh6r	In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'police shooting'?	A. A mass murder in which victims were primarily shot. B. Violence committed with the use of a gun (firearm or small arm). Gun-related violence may or may not be considered criminal. Criminal violence includes homicide (except when and where ruled justifiable), assault with a deadly weapon, and suicide, or attempted suicide, depending on jurisdiction. Non-criminal violence includes accidental or unintentional injury and death (except perhaps in cases of criminal negligence). Also generally included in gun violence statistics are military or para-military activities. C. A shooting of an individual by a member of a police force. D. An attack at an educational institution, such as a primary school, secondary school, or university, involving the use of firearms. Many school shootings are also categorized as mass shootings due to multiple casualities.	C	1_1	sciences/gsso_ontology	police shooting	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011457
1_1_wqcz5s9c	In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrogen production process'?	A. A planned process which has the intention of producing, consuming, or transforming materials via the execution of chemical reactions. B. A chemical engineering process that produces ammonia en masse via artificial nitrogen fixation. C. A chemical engineering process which generates hydrogen gas. D. A planned material transformation process which takes as input a material and removes impurities.	C	1_1	earth_environment/environment_ontology	hydrogen production process	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000149
1_1_77v6cv9q	In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'textile knitting or weaving machine setter, operator, or tender'?	A. Operate underground loading or moving machine to load or move coal, ore, or rock using shuttle or mine car or conveyors. Equipment may include power shovels, hoisting engines equipped with cable-drawn scraper or scoop, or machines equipped with gathering arms and conveyor. B. Set up, operate, or tend machines that knit, loop, weave, or draw in textiles. C. Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables. D. Drive switching or other locomotive or dinkey engines within railroad yard, industrial plant, quarry, construction project, or similar location.	B	1_1	business_finance/occupation_ontology	textile knitting or weaving machine setter, operator, or tender	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51606300
1_1_rvme1orl	In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Type IV atherosclerotic lesion'?	A. In type IV atherosclerotic lesions a dense accumulation of extracellular lipid occupies an extensive but well-defined region of the intima. This type of extracellular lipid accumulation is known as the lipid core. A fibrous tissue increase is not a feature, and complications such as defects of the lesion surface and thrombosis are not present. The type IV lesion is also known as atheroma. Type IV is the first lesion considered advanced in this classification because of the severe intimal disorganization caused by the lipid core. The characteristic core appears to develop from an increase and the consequent confluence of the small isolated pools of extracellular lipid that characterize type III lesions. The increase in lipid is believed to result from continued insudation from the plasma. Type IV lesions, when they first appear in younger people, are found in the same locations as adaptive intimal thickenings of the eccentric type. Thus, atheroma is, at least initially, an eccentric lesion. B. Type V lesions are defined as lesions in which prominent new fibrous connective tissue has formed. When the new tissue is part of a lesion with a lipid core (type IV), this type of morphology may be referred to as fibroatheroma or type Va lesion. A type V lesion in which the lipid core and other parts of the lesion are calcified may be referred to as type Vb. A type V lesion in which a lipid core is absent and lipid in general is minimal may be referred to as type Vc. With these lesions, arteries are variously narrowed, generally more than with type IV. Importantly, as with type IV lesions, type V lesions may develop fissures, hematoma, and/or thrombus (type VI lesion), and for this reason too they are clinically relevant. C. Type VI atherosclerotic lesions generally have the underlying morphology of type IV or V lesions, surface disruptions, hematoma, and thrombosis may be (although less often) superimposed on any other type of lesion and even on intima without an apparent lesion. Complicating features may arise because of individual differences in risk factors and tissue reactions. These may include differences in composition of the blood, the relative quantities and distributions in the components of the underlying lesion or intima, as well as modifications of shear and tensile forces to which the lesion or intima is exposed. Clinical imaging of lesions may be expected to contribute greatly to the understanding of type VI lesions and the associated clinical syndromes. D. Type I lesions represent the very initial changes and are recognized as an increase in the number of intimal macrophages and the appearance of macrophages filled with lipid droplets (foam cells).	A	1_1	health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology	Type IV atherosclerotic lesion	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002635
1_1_7vo5mmt5	In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US'?	A. CC BY-ND 3.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. This license is generally used for documentation. B. CC BY 2.0 is a non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. C. CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CH is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions and on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and use the work for non-commercial purposes. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. D. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. This license also lets others build upon the original work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible.	D	1_1	sciences/software_ontology	CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US	http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000088
1_1_1kapb6nj	In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'building envelope'?	A. A building part which has been constructed to support the provision of intensive care medicine to patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries. B. A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. C. A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. D. An indoor kitchen is a room or part of a room primarily used for cooking or food preparation, but which may have other funcitons such as dining, food storage, dishwashing, or laundry.	B	1_1	earth_environment/environment_ontology	building envelope	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000470
1_1_f7j12i8a	In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'valley wind'?	A. The relatively cool pool of air that results when a thunderstorm downdraft reaches the earth's surface and spreads horizontally as a density current. B. A wind that ascends a mountain valley (upvalley wind) during the day; the daytime component of a mountain?valley wind system. C. Italian name for a southwest wind; used especially in northern Corsica for the west or southwest wind that blows throughout the year, and especially in winter when it is often stormy. On windward slopes it brings rain, with thunderstorms in summer and autumn. After crossing the mountains it is warm and dry, but may be very turbulent. D. Northwest wind on Lake Maggiore, Italy.	B	1_1	earth_environment/sweet	valley wind	http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/ValleyWind
1_1_tvtx1q5o	In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'river'?	A. A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in aquifer recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction event, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. Stream is also an umbrella term used in the scientific community for all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography B. A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature. Thus, the enclosed body of water behind a barrier reef or barrier islands or enclosed by an atoll reef is called a lagoon. Lagoon refers to both coastal lagoons formed by the build-up of sandbanks or reefs along shallow coastal waters, and the lagoons in atolls, formed by the growth of coral reefs on slowly sinking central islands. Lagoons that are fed by freshwater streams are also called estuaries C. In physical geography, a wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems making them inherently different from each other yet highly dependent on both. In essence, wetlands are ecotones. Wetlands often host considerable biodiversity and endemism. The US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. D. A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier	D	1_1	earth_environment/sweet	river	http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/River
1_1_shup37jd	In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'intracranial berry aneurysm'?	A. An intracranial berry aneurysm that is characterized by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, an outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery, leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that can lead to severe disability and death and has been mapped to chromosome 19q13. B. An intracranial berry aneurysm that is characterized by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, an outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery, leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that can lead to severe disability and death and has been mapped to chromosome 11q24-q25. C. An intracranial aneurysm with a characteristic rounded shape; the most common form of cerebral aneurysm. D. An intracranial berry aneurysm that is characterized by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, an outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery, leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that can lead to severe disability and death and has been mapped to chromosome 2q33.1.	C	1_1	health_medicine/human_disease_ontology	intracranial berry aneurysm	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060228
1_1_smw1wbka	In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycerophosphoinositol monophosphate'?	A. A sesterterpene. B. Any glycerophosphoinositol bearing one phospho substituent on the inositol ring. C. Conjugate base of ascr#28 D. (E)-1-[(1S)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-YL)benzylidene]piperidin-2-one	B	1_1	sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology	glycerophosphoinositol monophosphate	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83188

1_1_r1pevq1t

In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Input Set'?

A. artifact_output, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. B. Event Based Exclusive Gateway C. Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to (attached with an provide additional information for the reader of a Association) BPMN Diagram. D. InputSet, which is used in the definition of common attributes for Activities and for attributes of a Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).

D

1_1

business_finance/bpmn

Input Set

http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#input_set

1_1_uprk0xh4

In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hernia'?

A. a necrotic object B. is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.[1] Hernias come in a number of different types.[6] Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin.[6] Groin hernias are most common of the inguinal type but may also be femoral.[1] Other hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias.[6] Symptoms are present in about 66% of people with groin hernias.[1] This may include pain or discomfort especially with coughing, exercise, or going to the bathroom.[1] Often it gets worse throughout the day and improves when lying down.[1] A bulging area may occur that becomes larger when bearing down.[1] Groin hernias occur more often on the right than left side.[1] The main concern is strangulation, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked.[1] This usually produces severe pain and tenderness of the area.[1] Hiatus or hiatal hernias often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain with eating.[ C. Pseudocysts are like cysts, but lack epithelial or endothelial cells. Initial management consists of general supportive care. Symptoms and complications caused by pseudocysts require surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used for initial imaging of cysts, and endoscopic ultrasounds are used in differentiating between cysts and pseudocysts. Endoscopic drainage is a popular and effective method of treating pseudocysts. This is not to be confused with the so-called "pseudocystic appearance", mainly radiographically, of other lesions, such as Stafne static bone cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst[1] of the jaws. D. is a condition in which an orifice or passage in the body is (usually abnormally) closed or absent. Examples of atresia include: Biliary atresia, a condition in newborns in which the common bile duct between the liver and the small intestine is blocked or absent.

B

1_1

health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology

hernia

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000084

1_1_cnuh4ay0

In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf teeth'?

A. Determination on the leaf teeth B. Achene length average C. Plant height D. Specific leaf area (sla)

A

1_1

food_agriculture/crop_ontology

Leaf teeth

https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000031

1_1_97l6apex

In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'difference'?

A. The state of being unequal; difference. B. The quality of being unlike or dissimilar. C. A calculation that combines two elements (called operands) to produce another element. More formally, a binary operation is an operation of arity two. D. A measure of difference between the observed value of a variable and some other value, often that variable's mean.

B

1_1

sciences/gsso_ontology

difference

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000553

1_1_b0g3ptax

In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 9'?

A. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PHI gene (GPI) on chromosome 19q13. B. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in hemizygous or heterozygous mutation in the GATA1 gene on chromosome Xp11. C. An amino acid metabolic disorder and a congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that is characterized by decreased levels of cellular glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine and hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GCLC gene on chromosome 6p12.1. D. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia a mild form of glutathione synthetase deficiency characterized by hemolytic anemia and deficiency in GSH that is limited to the red blood cells, with nucleated cells able to maintain normal or near normal expression levels that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in GSS on chromosome 20q11.22.

B

1_1

health_medicine/human_disease_ontology

congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 9

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0051008

1_1_dwfcg22v

In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'hexadecyl benzoate'?

A. A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of benzoic acid with the hydroxy group of hexadecan-1-ol. B. A lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from the roots of Euphorbia micractina. C. A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. D. A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 5-(8-hydroxyundecyl)benzene-1,3-diol with 4,6-dihydroxy benzoic acid which is also substituted by a undec-7-en-1-yl group at position 6. It is isolated from Cytonaema sp. and has anti-HIV-1 activity.

A

1_1

sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology

hexadecyl benzoate

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145972

1_1_gxq4nb41

In the ontology of Semantic Sensor Network, which of the following definitions best describes 'Input'?

A. Any information that is reported from a Procedure. B. System is a unit of abstraction for pieces of infrastructure that implements Procedures. A System may have components, its subsystems, which are other systems. C. Any information that is provided to a Procedure for its use. D. Describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform.

C

1_1

earth_environment/semantic_sensor_network_ontology

Input

http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/Input

1_1_9blnbvwg

In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Absolute Expression Analysis'?

A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.

A

1_1

sciences/software_ontology

obsolete Absolute Expression Analysis

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000019

1_1_bl8cql0q

In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N,N-dihydroxydihomomethioninate'?

A. An N,N-dihydroxy-alpha-amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any N,N-dihydroxy-L-polyhomomethionine; major species at pH 7.3. B. Conjugate base of N,N-dihydroxyhexahomomethionine. C. An N,N-dihydroxy-alpha-amino-acid anion resulting from removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of N,N-dihydroxy-L-isoleucine. D. Conjugate base of N,N-dihydroxydihomomethionine.

D

1_1

sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology

N,N-dihydroxydihomomethioninate

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58846

1_1_ytbc2ck6

In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'morphinane-like compound'?

A. Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. B. Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring. C. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. D. Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects.

D

1_1

health_medicine/addiction_ontology

morphinane-like compound

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83818

1_1_yq8ihd1k

In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'diaphysis of metacarpal bone'?

A. A diaphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone. B. The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. C. Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the podocytes and capsular space. D. A renal pelvis that is part of a left ureter.

A

1_1

sciences/cell_ontology

diaphysis of metacarpal bone

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013752

1_1_2jy6yhcu

In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lesbian, gay and bisexual studies'?

A. The study of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity usually focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender dysphoria, asexual, queer, questioning, intersex people and cultures. B. the study of issues relating to sexual orientation, sexual fetishes, kink, and other aspects of sexuality and sexual diversity. C. An umbrella term for analyzing lesbian, gay, and bisexual experiences. Sometimes used to distance the lesbian, gay, and bisexual communities from the transgender community via its exclusion. D. An interdisciplinary field of study analyzing the cultural, historical, and interpersonal impact of the asexual experience on society.

C

1_1

sciences/gsso_ontology

lesbian, gay and bisexual studies

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002384

1_1_tro6fkll

In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'type II interferon binding'?

A. Binding to type II interferon, also known as interferon-gamma. B. Binding to a type III interferon. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far. C. Binding to a type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. D. Binding to an interferon, a protein produced by the immune systems of many animals in response to a challenge by a foreign agent.

A

1_1

sciences/gene_ontology

type II interferon binding

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019964

1_1_6d4x48gp

In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'landform'?

A. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] B. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements. C. Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. [Wikipedia] D. A beach, or strand, is a geological landform consisting of loose rock particles - such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble - or even shell fragments, along the shoreline of a body of water. Beaches occur along coastal areas, where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments, or at the margin of land along a lake or river subject to erosion caused by rainfall. Beaches are not necessarily found in conjunction with salt water, such as the ocean, in all instances. A seashore beach is merely one type of beach but it is the most commonly associated with the perception of the word beach.

B

1_1

earth_environment/sweet

landform

http://sweetontology.net/realmLandform/Landform

1_1_yru1lwdo

In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'formaldehyde metabolic process'?

A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.

D

1_1

sciences/gene_ontology

formaldehyde metabolic process

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046292

1_1_v52df33k

In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'branch node'?

A. A cardinal organ part of a shoot axis where a bud may form and develop into a branch , leaf , flower , inflorescence or nodal root . B. A shoot axis node that is part of a stem . C. A shoot axis node that is part of an inflorescence axis . D. A shoot axis node that is part of a branch .

D

1_1

food_agriculture/plant_ontology

branch node

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025024

1_1_414diwpf

In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant ovule outer integument'?

A. A portion of protoderm tissue that is the outermost layer of the shoot apical meristem , and gives rise to the leaf abaxial epidermis . B. A plant ovule integument which is the innermost of the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule , contiguous to the nucellus and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle at the apex. C. A portion of plant tissue that covers a plant ovule , enveloping a nucellus and forming a micropyle at the apex. D. A plant ovule integument which is the outermost the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule , contiguous to the nucellus and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle at the apex.

D

1_1

food_agriculture/plant_ontology

plant ovule outer integument

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020023

1_1_igsu76jr

In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed disorder of acid-base balance'?

A. an elevated uric acid level in the blood without symptoms of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease B. The coexistences of 2 or more primary acid-base disorders in the same patient C. diabetes is usually an inherited disease that makes people obese and have problems with daily life D. Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in body.

B

1_1

health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology

mixed disorder of acid-base balance

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000478

1_1_j1i6w80p

In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Personality changes'?

A. a partial absence or patchy, incomplete area of a myelin sheath over all or part of an axon or fiber tract due to degeneration or destruction of the myelin sheath B. An acquired language impairment of some or all of the abilities to produce or comprehend speech and to read or write. C. A defect in the understanding of complex motor commands and in the execution of certain learned movements, i.e., deficits in the cognitive components of learned movements. D. An abnormal shift in patterns of thinking, acting, or feeling.

D

1_1

health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology

Personality changes

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000751

1_1_n1h6i98s

In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'signaling receptor binding'?

A. Binding to a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity. B. Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. C. Binding to insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. D. Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).

B

1_1

sciences/cell_ontology

signaling receptor binding

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005102

1_1_rqtvzvmk

In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Deep facial vein'?

A. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which drains blood from some tonsils and soft palate. B. Tributary of fecial vein, each instance of which that follows some submental artery and drains some submandibular and sublingual glands, mylohyoid muscle, and skin in the submental area. C. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which is a short vein between some eye and root of some nose, formed by union of some supratrochlear and supraorbital veins and continues inferiorly as some facial vein. D. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which drains some pterygoid plexus.

D

1_1

health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology

Deep facial vein

http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50916

1_1_gpon8cxy

In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Evocative'?

A. The themes or elements within the game refer to brands or elements of social life, with the effect of triggering knowledge in the player starting from outside the title itself B. Classic single track storytelling C. Player's options and/or choices have a concrete impact on the structure or the way the plot progresses D. Macroclass describing the storytelling tecnique and the narrative elements in a videogame, semiotically seen ad a text.

A

1_1

arts_media_entertainment/videowl

Evocative

http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Evocative

1_1_7czlv5sl

In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bunch shape'?

A. Behaviour of male rachis - truncated or present. Truncated means there is no bract scar below the last hand. Present means there is a degenerated or persistent male bud B. Behaviour of the petiole margins - winged or not winged. the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Margin is the part of the petiole that can be bent outwards/inwards C. Shape of the first external unlifted bract of the male bud D. Shape of the fully developed bunch on a plant

D

1_1

food_agriculture/crop_ontology

Bunch shape

https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000440

1_1_8gw8kero

In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette use'?

A. Inhaling consumption that involves the use of an electronic vaping device. B. A consumption behaviour that involves breathing in a material through the nose or mouth. C. Inhaling consumption that involves using an e-cigarette. D. Inhaling consumption that involves using a device to consume an aerosol.

C

1_1

health_medicine/addiction_ontology

e-cigarette use

http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_050377

1_1_cxcnlllu

In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral gland of orbital region'?

A. A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. B. The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, located in or near the orbital region, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.[WP]. C. A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. D. A gland that is located in or around the ocular region, nearer the outer canthi.

D

1_1

health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology

lateral gland of orbital region

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015154

1_1_zcgdcx3k

In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'aspect'?

A. An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. B. An occurrent consisting exactly of a plurality of processes that are process_aggregate_member_parts_of that occurrent for all times at which it exists. C. A fiat part of a complex phenomenon that has salience in a particular context. D. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])

C

1_1

health_medicine/addiction_ontology

aspect

http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000359

1_1_7faw05it

In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Space of tenth intercostal compartment'?

A. Intercostal compartment space between sixth and seventh ribs. B. Intercostal compartment space between first and second ribs. C. Intercostal compartment space between tenth and elventh ribs. D. Intercostal compartment space between eighth and ninth ribs.

C

1_1

health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology

Space of tenth intercostal compartment

http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma321213

1_1_wgoibu4g

In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tumor necrosis factor production'?

A. The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Tumor necrosis factor is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis. B. A nerve that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. C. The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

A

1_1

sciences/cell_ontology

tumor necrosis factor production

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640

1_1_w74wnwx0

In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'two-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial design'?

A. A randomised controlled trial design with two study arms to which participants can be allocated. B. A randomised controlled trial design that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention under conditions similar to those that would obtain were the intervention to be delivered in routine practice. C. An interventional study design in which participants are randomly allocated to receive one of two or more interventions or no intervention using a study randomisation process. D. A randomised controlled trial design in which pre-existing groups of participants are randomly allocated to intervention arms.

A

1_1

health_medicine/addiction_ontology

two-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial design

http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001270

1_1_0csk7o3u

In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of vascular wound healing'?

A. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. B. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. D. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.

B

1_1

sciences/gene_ontology

positive regulation of vascular wound healing

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035470

1_1_47esv8iq

In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete QuantArray version 2'?

A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.

B

1_1

sciences/software_ontology

obsolete QuantArray version 2

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000331

1_1_4ehvjjtp

In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ligule margin shape determination'?

A. Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category B. Estimate the stunting and discoloration C. Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice D. Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds

C

1_1

food_agriculture/crop_ontology

Ligule margin shape determination

https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000776

1_1_j2ejl68n

In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'special play style'?

A. SpecialPlayStyle achievement is awarded to players after playing a game in special fashion. Often this is something harder than the regular play and requires more player experience to excel in it. An example of SpecialPlayStyle could be to complete a game without any violence or against a timer. B. Loyalty achievement is used to give recognition to loyal players. For example, this could be an achievement received after subscribing to the game for a year. C. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. D. Minigame achievement describes success in mini-games that have been included in a certain game but are not vital for completing the game. An example could be to complete all the Pizza deliveries in GTA minigame or gaining over 100 dollars while playing poker in Red Dead Redemption.

A

1_1

arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology

special play style

http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#SpecialPlayStyle

1_1_0idljfv9

In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glial cell'?

A. A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. B. A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from 'star' cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with 'end feet' which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and 'reactive astrocytes' (along with microglia) respond to injury. C. A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. D. A central nervous system macrophage found in the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Marker include CD11b-positive, F4/80-positive, and CD68-positive.

A

1_1

health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology

glial cell

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000125

1_1_muw9zoe1

In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'panp'?

A. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read and write GeneSpring specific data objects and covert them to BioConductor objects B. Some basic functions for plotting genetic data C. Bioconductor package concerned with analysis of cell-based RNA interference screens D. A function to make gene presence/absence calls based on distance from negative strand matching probesets (NSMP) which are derived from Affymetrix annotation. PANP is applied after gene expression values are created, and therefore can be used after any preprocessing method such as MAS5 or GCRMA, or PM-only methods like RMA. NSMP sets have been established for the HGU133A and HGU133-Plus-2.0 chipsets to date.

D

1_1

sciences/software_ontology

panp

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000646

1_1_udz7s6av

In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'funnel cloud'?

A. Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl. B. A cloud that forms in the rising branches of mountain waves and occupies the crests of the waves. The most distinctive are the sharp-edged, lens-, or almond-shaped lenticular clouds, but a variety of stratocumulus, altocumulus, and cirrocumulus forms appear in both the main, vertically propagating waves and in the lee waves. See mountain wave, foehn cloud. C. A condensation cloud, typically funnel-shaped and extending outward from a cumuliform cloud, associated with a rotating column of air (a vortex) that may or may not be in contact with the ground. If the rotation is violent and in contact with the ground, the vortex is a tornado. Funnel clouds can occur through a variety of processes in association with convection. For example, small funnel clouds are infrequently seen extending from small, dissipating cumulus clouds in environments with significant vertical wind shear in the cloud-bearing layer. D. (Rarely called luminous clouds.) Thin silvery-blue cirrus-like clouds frequently seen during summer twilight conditions at high latitudes (above 50?) in both hemispheres. They are the highest visible clouds in the atmosphere, occurring in the upper mesosphere at heights of about 85 km, and are closely related to the polar mesospheric clouds seen in satellite observations at similar altitudes over the summer polar cap. Noctilucent clouds are now known to consist of tiny ice particles with dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers, growing in the extreme cold of the summer polar mesopause region. The condensation nuclei on which the particles grow are thought to be either smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin or large hydrated positive ions. Strong upwelling of air from below, associated with a pole-to-pole meridional circulation in the upper mesosphere, is responsible for both the extreme cold and the upward flux of water vapor. Although water-vapor mixing ratios are very low (less than 10 parts per million by volume) in the region, the temperatures are also low enough to produce a high degree of supersaturation at times. Anomalously strong radar echoes from the region, known as polar summer mesospheric echoes, are also associated with the clouds. Compare nacreous clouds, polar stratospheric clouds.

C

1_1

earth_environment/sweet

funnel cloud

http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/FunnelCloud

1_1_76ix0ygf

In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'junge aerosol layer'?

A. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. B. A maximum in large-particle concentrations observed in the lower stratosphere between 15 and 25 km. C. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. D. The elevation band on a mountain or orographic barrier that receives the greatest precipitation for a seasonal or annual average.

B

1_1

earth_environment/sweet

junge aerosol layer

http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmo/JungeAerosolLayer

1_1_lfu3bauo

In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'allergic disease process'?

A. A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier. B. The process in which an allergic disease unfolds. C. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. D. TODO: Define.

B

1_1

health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology

allergic disease process

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000130

1_1_nsjzp8p5

In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'bronchus fibroblast of lung'?

A. Either of a pair of large transverse venous sinuses that conduct blood from the cardinal veins to the sinus venosus of the vertebrate embryo[BTO]. B. A fibroblast that is part of lung. C. A perichondrial fibroblast that is part of the lung. D. Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus.

D

1_1

sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology

bronchus fibroblast of lung

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000093

1_1_fucgino5

In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyroid gland mucinous carcinoma'?

A. A thyroid gland carcinoma that is composed of undifferentiated cells. B. A thyroid gland carcinoma composed of groups of carcinoma cells with thymic epithelial differentiation. C. A thyroid gland carcinoma that is characterized by a lobulated architectural pattern and the presence of a biphasic cellular population composed of spindle epithelial cells and glandular cells. D. A thyroid gland carcinoma that is characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant epithelial cells associated with abundant extracellular mucin deposition.

D

1_1

health_medicine/human_disease_ontology

thyroid gland mucinous carcinoma

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081460

1_1_di3tqzgm

In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for general adult medical examination'?

A. other problems related to health care B. other specified health condition/status not coded for C. Encounter for general adult medical examination D. Persons encountering health services for examinations, Genetic carrier and genetic susceptibility to disease, Resistance to antimicrobial drugs, etc

C

1_1

health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology

encounter for general adult medical examination

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000369

1_1_p9nroh6r

In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'police shooting'?

A. A mass murder in which victims were primarily shot. B. Violence committed with the use of a gun (firearm or small arm). Gun-related violence may or may not be considered criminal. Criminal violence includes homicide (except when and where ruled justifiable), assault with a deadly weapon, and suicide, or attempted suicide, depending on jurisdiction. Non-criminal violence includes accidental or unintentional injury and death (except perhaps in cases of criminal negligence). Also generally included in gun violence statistics are military or para-military activities. C. A shooting of an individual by a member of a police force. D. An attack at an educational institution, such as a primary school, secondary school, or university, involving the use of firearms. Many school shootings are also categorized as mass shootings due to multiple casualities.

C

1_1

sciences/gsso_ontology

police shooting

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011457

1_1_wqcz5s9c

In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrogen production process'?

A. A planned process which has the intention of producing, consuming, or transforming materials via the execution of chemical reactions. B. A chemical engineering process that produces ammonia en masse via artificial nitrogen fixation. C. A chemical engineering process which generates hydrogen gas. D. A planned material transformation process which takes as input a material and removes impurities.

C

1_1

earth_environment/environment_ontology

hydrogen production process

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000149

1_1_77v6cv9q

In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'textile knitting or weaving machine setter, operator, or tender'?

A. Operate underground loading or moving machine to load or move coal, ore, or rock using shuttle or mine car or conveyors. Equipment may include power shovels, hoisting engines equipped with cable-drawn scraper or scoop, or machines equipped with gathering arms and conveyor. B. Set up, operate, or tend machines that knit, loop, weave, or draw in textiles. C. Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables. D. Drive switching or other locomotive or dinkey engines within railroad yard, industrial plant, quarry, construction project, or similar location.

B

1_1

business_finance/occupation_ontology

textile knitting or weaving machine setter, operator, or tender

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51606300

1_1_rvme1orl

In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Type IV atherosclerotic lesion'?

A. In type IV atherosclerotic lesions a dense accumulation of extracellular lipid occupies an extensive but well-defined region of the intima. This type of extracellular lipid accumulation is known as the lipid core. A fibrous tissue increase is not a feature, and complications such as defects of the lesion surface and thrombosis are not present. The type IV lesion is also known as atheroma. Type IV is the first lesion considered advanced in this classification because of the severe intimal disorganization caused by the lipid core. The characteristic core appears to develop from an increase and the consequent confluence of the small isolated pools of extracellular lipid that characterize type III lesions. The increase in lipid is believed to result from continued insudation from the plasma. Type IV lesions, when they first appear in younger people, are found in the same locations as adaptive intimal thickenings of the eccentric type. Thus, atheroma is, at least initially, an eccentric lesion. B. Type V lesions are defined as lesions in which prominent new fibrous connective tissue has formed. When the new tissue is part of a lesion with a lipid core (type IV), this type of morphology may be referred to as fibroatheroma or type Va lesion. A type V lesion in which the lipid core and other parts of the lesion are calcified may be referred to as type Vb. A type V lesion in which a lipid core is absent and lipid in general is minimal may be referred to as type Vc. With these lesions, arteries are variously narrowed, generally more than with type IV. Importantly, as with type IV lesions, type V lesions may develop fissures, hematoma, and/or thrombus (type VI lesion), and for this reason too they are clinically relevant. C. Type VI atherosclerotic lesions generally have the underlying morphology of type IV or V lesions, surface disruptions, hematoma, and thrombosis may be (although less often) superimposed on any other type of lesion and even on intima without an apparent lesion. Complicating features may arise because of individual differences in risk factors and tissue reactions. These may include differences in composition of the blood, the relative quantities and distributions in the components of the underlying lesion or intima, as well as modifications of shear and tensile forces to which the lesion or intima is exposed. Clinical imaging of lesions may be expected to contribute greatly to the understanding of type VI lesions and the associated clinical syndromes. D. Type I lesions represent the very initial changes and are recognized as an increase in the number of intimal macrophages and the appearance of macrophages filled with lipid droplets (foam cells).

A

1_1

health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology

Type IV atherosclerotic lesion

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002635

1_1_7vo5mmt5

In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US'?

A. CC BY-ND 3.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. This license is generally used for documentation. B. CC BY 2.0 is a non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. C. CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CH is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions and on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and use the work for non-commercial purposes. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. D. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. This license also lets others build upon the original work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible.

D

1_1

sciences/software_ontology

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000088

1_1_1kapb6nj

In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'building envelope'?

A. A building part which has been constructed to support the provision of intensive care medicine to patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries. B. A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. C. A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. D. An indoor kitchen is a room or part of a room primarily used for cooking or food preparation, but which may have other funcitons such as dining, food storage, dishwashing, or laundry.

B

1_1

earth_environment/environment_ontology

building envelope

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000470

1_1_f7j12i8a

In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'valley wind'?

A. The relatively cool pool of air that results when a thunderstorm downdraft reaches the earth's surface and spreads horizontally as a density current. B. A wind that ascends a mountain valley (upvalley wind) during the day; the daytime component of a mountain?valley wind system. C. Italian name for a southwest wind; used especially in northern Corsica for the west or southwest wind that blows throughout the year, and especially in winter when it is often stormy. On windward slopes it brings rain, with thunderstorms in summer and autumn. After crossing the mountains it is warm and dry, but may be very turbulent. D. Northwest wind on Lake Maggiore, Italy.

B

1_1

earth_environment/sweet

valley wind

http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/ValleyWind

1_1_tvtx1q5o

In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'river'?

A. A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in aquifer recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction event, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. Stream is also an umbrella term used in the scientific community for all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography B. A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature. Thus, the enclosed body of water behind a barrier reef or barrier islands or enclosed by an atoll reef is called a lagoon. Lagoon refers to both coastal lagoons formed by the build-up of sandbanks or reefs along shallow coastal waters, and the lagoons in atolls, formed by the growth of coral reefs on slowly sinking central islands. Lagoons that are fed by freshwater streams are also called estuaries C. In physical geography, a wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems making them inherently different from each other yet highly dependent on both. In essence, wetlands are ecotones. Wetlands often host considerable biodiversity and endemism. The US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. D. A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier

D

1_1

earth_environment/sweet

river

http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/River

1_1_shup37jd

In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'intracranial berry aneurysm'?

A. An intracranial berry aneurysm that is characterized by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, an outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery, leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that can lead to severe disability and death and has been mapped to chromosome 19q13. B. An intracranial berry aneurysm that is characterized by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, an outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery, leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that can lead to severe disability and death and has been mapped to chromosome 11q24-q25. C. An intracranial aneurysm with a characteristic rounded shape; the most common form of cerebral aneurysm. D. An intracranial berry aneurysm that is characterized by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, an outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery, leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that can lead to severe disability and death and has been mapped to chromosome 2q33.1.

C

1_1

health_medicine/human_disease_ontology

intracranial berry aneurysm

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060228

1_1_smw1wbka

In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycerophosphoinositol monophosphate'?

A. A sesterterpene. B. Any glycerophosphoinositol bearing one phospho substituent on the inositol ring. C. Conjugate base of ascr#28 D. (E)-1-[(1S)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-YL)benzylidene]piperidin-2-one

B

1_1

sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology

glycerophosphoinositol monophosphate

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83188