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1_1_80evcv8r
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cell'?
|
A. An amacrine cell that uses both GABA and glycine as neurotransmitters.
B. An amacrine cell with a wild dendritic field, dendrites in S3, and post-synaptic terminals in S3. Dendrites have spikes, cross over each other, and cover a larger volume than dendrties of W3-1 retinal amacrine cells.
C. An amacrine cell with a wide dendritic field and post-synaptic terminals in S5. This cell type releases the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin.
D. An amacrine cell with a medium dendritic field and post-synaptic terminals in S2, S3, and S4. This cell type releases the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cell
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0004245
|
1_1_3nsnsqh9
|
In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bronchopulmonary segment'?
|
A. Vertebropelvic ligament, each instance of which is a triangular-shaped fibrous band with its apex attached to the spine of some ischium and with its base to the lateral part of some sacrum.
B. Lobular segment, each instance of which is some smaller subdivision of some lung, separated by some connective tissue septum and supplied by a branch of some lobar bronchus.
C. Lobular segment in liver demarcated by the internal distribution pattern of the portal triad and/or the hepatic veins.
D. Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine.
|
B
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology
|
Bronchopulmonary segment
|
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7312
|
1_1_gmh8y1np
|
In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spinocerebellar ataxia type 26'?
|
A. A cerebellar ataxia that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance.
B. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by late-onset ataxia, dysarthria and horizontal nystagmus, has_material_basis_in repeat expansion mutation in the BEAN1 gene.
C. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by progressive ataxia, has_material_basis_in mutation in the CACNA1A gene.
D. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by slowly progressive ataxia and oculomotor abnormalities, has_material_basis_in mutation in the EEF2 gene.
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/human_disease_ontology
|
spinocerebellar ataxia type 26
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050975
|
1_1_fdofu31r
|
In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sclerid cell'?
|
A. A portion of exothecium that is part of a microsporangium wall .
B. A sclerenchyma cell with many pits in the secondary cell wall.
C. A ground tissue cell with a lignified secondary cell wall.
D. A sclerenchyma cell that is elongated and tapering.
|
B
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/plant_ontology
|
sclerid cell
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025418
|
1_1_n7lrz1xl
|
In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cooling or freezing equipment operator or tender'?
|
A. Wash or otherwise clean vehicles, machinery, and other equipment. Use such materials as water, cleaning agents, brushes, cloths, and hoses.
B. Operate or tend equipment such as cooling and freezing units, refrigerators, batch freezers, and freezing tunnels, to cool or freeze products, food, blood plasma, and chemicals.
C. Lay out reference points and dimensions on metal or plastic stock or workpieces, such as sheets, plates, tubes, structural shapes, castings, or machine parts, for further processing. Includes shipfitters.
D. Assemble or modify electrical or electronic equipment, such as computers, test equipment telemetering systems, electric motors, and batteries.
|
B
|
1_1
|
business_finance/occupation_ontology
|
cooling or freezing equipment operator or tender
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51919300
|
1_1_n8x8b3c7
|
In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'IUCN wilderness area'?
|
A. An IUCN protected area in which human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection and conservation of natural biodiversity and/or geodiversity, natural ecosystem assemblages and processes, and any associated cultural and spiritual values.
B. An IUCN protected area within which 1) natural ecosystems and their resources are either conserved or used through non-industrial human activities, 2) usage activites contribute to conservation goals, ensuring inter-generational security for local communities' livelihoods, and 3) the majority of benefits derived from the use of ecosystems are received by communities living near or in the area.
C. An IUCN protected area which 1) includes entities that have been deemed to be of high scenic quality, 2) is composed of a historically stable assemblage of causally interlinked natural and anthropised ecosystems that provides cultural ecosystem services, and 3) hosts traditional and sustainable human activities.
D. An IUCN protected area which 1) is dominated by natural ecosystems, 2) is sufficiently large to allow those ecosystems to function and develop without local anthropogenic perturbation, 3) is managed to prevent perturbations by proximate or local anthropisation, including those caused by local and/or indigenous human communities or human visitation.
|
D
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/environment_ontology
|
IUCN wilderness area
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001163
|
1_1_6lgz4puw
|
In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'closed'?
|
A. A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view.
B. A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording unobstructed passage or view.
C. A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent.
D. The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in water.
|
A
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/environment_ontology
|
closed
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000608
|
1_1_o8696g0y
|
In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase activity'?
|
A. Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene + O2 = 2 vanillin.
B. Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = cis,cis-muconate.
C. Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H+.
D. Catalysis of the reaction: S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H+.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/gene_ontology
|
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase activity
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045133
|
1_1_fh4vn8e0
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'macrophage apoptotic process'?
|
A. Any apoptotic process in a dendritic cell, a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.
B. Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
C. Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.
D. Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
macrophage apoptotic process
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071888
|
1_1_26a4vp0v
|
In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'future forebrain'?
|
A. A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain.
B. The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm.
C. Primordium that develops into the central nervous system.
D. The foremost region of the future forebrain that develops into the diencephalon.
|
A
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/environment_ontology
|
future forebrain
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006240
|
1_1_jf97wx4d
|
In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'posterior intervertebral notch'?
|
A. Space formed by the anterior and posterior intervertebral notches. The intervertebral spaces accommodate the spinal nerves as they emerge from the spinal canal.
B. Opening on the lateral side of the vertebra for the passage of blood vessels.
C. Indentation on the anterior margin of the pedicel. When two vertebrae articulate, the anterior notch of one vertebra and the posterior notch of the other create a bilateral intervertebral space.
D. A fossa on the posterior median part of the neural arch of a vertebra (as of a snake) that accommodates the zygosphene of the next vertebra.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology
|
posterior intervertebral notch
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000696
|
1_1_yn1riex5
|
In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Peptide Hormone'?
|
A. Small proteins that function as hormonal signals, synthesized and secreted by one tissue or organ with physiological effects on other tissues or organs.
B. A protein that is a translation product of the human APP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.
C. Collection of proteins that are evolutionarily related. This is reflected in the structural and functional similarities as well as in the extent of sequence conservation or residue identity. (from SCOP)
D. Chromogranins are acidic secretory glycoproteins with a widespread but specific distribution in neuroendocrine tissues. The chromogranin family is heterogenous, consisting of propeptides such as chromogranin-A, chromogranin-B and secretogranin II, which can either elicit an effect themselves, or serve as precursors to a large number of peptides, which are biologically more active.
|
A
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology
|
Peptide Hormone
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C1746
|
1_1_3t0su0fq
|
In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'heptacosanoate'?
|
A. A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexacosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
B. A 2-hydroxy fatty acid that is the 2-hydroxy derivative of nervonic acid.
C. The conjugate base of cerotic acid.
D. A very long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of heptacosanoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology
|
heptacosanoate
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78020
|
1_1_xhmhg835
|
In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'citrus fruit food product'?
|
A. A plant fruit food product which is labeled (in common language or by regulation) as a vegetable food product.
B. A food product derived from plant fruit.
C. A seed of a pigeon pea plant (Cajanus cajan).
D. A citrus fruit is botanically classified as a type of berry called a hesperidium that has a thick, leathery rind, with numerous oil glands, and a large flesh portion composed of several wedge-shaped sections. Unlike pome fruit, such as the apple, the citrus fruit is derived from a superior ovary, an ovary completely separate from the calyx.
|
D
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/environment_ontology
|
citrus fruit food product
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001151
|
1_1_v2ecz9ry
|
In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'personal history of long-term (current) use of anticoagulants'?
|
A. thinner blood
B. Treatment that lowers the activity of the body's immune system.
C. malignant, aggressive tumor that forms in the breast
D. Interruptions, blockage, or diseases that affect how your heart or blood vessels pump blood can cause complications such as heart disease or stroke.
|
A
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology
|
personal history of long-term (current) use of anticoagulants
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000525
|
1_1_f791zqga
|
In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'PrefixedUnit'?
|
A. A base unit is a unit that is not naturally decomposed into other units.
B. A composite unit is the product of at least two base or derived units. For example, 'meter per second square' denotes a composite unit defined over 'meter' (a base unit) and 'per second square' (a derived unit).
C. A prefixed unit consists of a base unit and a prefix integer value that serves as a multiplier. For example, a centimeter is a prefixed unit that combines a meter base unit and the prefix multiplier 0.01 such that one centimeter is equivalent to 0.01 meters.
D. A derived unit raises a base or prefixed unit to an integer power other than 0 or 1. For example, the unit 'square meter' is a unit derived from the 'meter' base unit raised to the power 2. As another example, a 'square centimeter' is a unit derived from the 'centimeter' prefixed unit raised to the power 2. BRL 20160601: I removed this restriction so that CompositeUnits like XXXPerLiter would not reason to owl:Nothing. hasUnit exactly 1 (BaseUnit or PrefixedUnit)
|
C
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology
|
PrefixedUnit
|
http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#PrefixedUnit
|
1_1_t11wwc1f
|
In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower glume of sessile spikelet of ear'?
|
A. A lower glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear pedicellate spikelet.
B. A shoot system development stage during which a shoot system emerges from the bud .
C. A lower glume that is part of an ear spikelet.
D. A lower glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear sessile spikelet.
|
D
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/plant_ontology
|
lower glume of sessile spikelet of ear
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006438
|
1_1_ofin27q9
|
In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'daily e-cigarette user'?
|
A. An e-cigarette user who is not a tobacco user.
B. An e-cigarette user who engages in e-cigarette use every day.
C. An e-cigarette user who self-reports first time ever use of an e-cigarette.
D. An e-cigarette user who is a former tobacco smoker.
|
B
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/addiction_ontology
|
daily e-cigarette user
|
http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000801
|
1_1_123gkq88
|
In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'butte'?
|
A. An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity.
B. An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down.
C. An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface.
D. An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land.
|
B
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/environment_ontology
|
butte
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000287
|
1_1_fsuvovbr
|
In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mat DS87 date Estimation'?
|
A. Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
B. Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow).
C. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance.
D. Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage.
|
B
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/crop_ontology
|
Mat DS87 date Estimation
|
https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000842
|
1_1_abyp94ux
|
In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'adrenal/interrenal gland'?
|
A. The medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi), about 4 mm. in length and 2 mm. in breadth, is attached to the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove. Crossing the lacrimal sac, it divides into two parts, upper and lower, each attached to the medial end of the corresponding tarsus. As the ligament crosses the lacrimal sac, a strong aponeurotic is given off from its posterior surface; this expands over the sac, and is attached to the posterior lacrimal crest.
B. A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
C. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO].
D. Remnant in a female of the portion of the embryonic mesonephric duct that develops into the ductus deferens in males.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology
|
adrenal/interrenal gland
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006858
|
1_1_fwes9bnf
|
In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate'?
|
A. A N-acyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.
B. A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.
C. A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.
D. Carbohydrate derivatives resulting from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. They result in cells becoming stiffer and more prone to damage and premature aging.
|
A
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology
|
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21519
|
1_1_yqoc49q5
|
In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Part Addition'?
|
A. This class comprises activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being increased, enlarged, or augmented by the addition of a part.
Typical scenarios include the attachment of an accessory, the integration of a component, the addition of an element to an aggregate object, or the accessioning of an object into a curated instance of E78 Curated Holding. Both the E18 Physical Thing being augmented and the E18 Physical Thing that is being added are treated as separate identifiable wholes prior to the instance of E79 Part Addition. Following the addition of parts, the resulting assemblages are treated objectively as single identifiable wholes, made up of constituent or component parts bound together either physically (for example the engine becoming a part of the car), or by sharing a common purpose (such as the 32 chess pieces that make up a chess set). This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history and continuity of identity of objects that are integrated into other objects over time, such as precious gemstones being repeatedly incorporated into different items of jewellery, or cultural artefacts being added to different museum instances of E78 Curated Holding over their lifespan.Examples:In First Order Logic:
B. This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items.
It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one.
This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event.
An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not.Examples:In First Order Logic:
C. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being decreased by the removal of a part.
Typical scenarios include the detachment of an accessory, the removal of a component or part of a composite object, or the deaccessioning of an object from a curated collection, an instance of E78 Curated Holding. If the instance of E80 Part Removal results in the total decomposition of the original object into pieces, such that the whole ceases to exist, the activity should instead be modelled as an instance of E81 Transformation, i.e. a simultaneous destruction and production. In cases where the part removed has no discernible identity prior to its removal but does have an identity subsequent to its removal, the activity should be modelled as both an instance of E80 Part Removal and E12 Production. This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history, and continuity of identity over time, of objects that are removed from other objects, such as precious gemstones being extracted from different items of jewellery, or cultural artifacts being deaccessioned from different museum collections over their lifespan.Examples:In First Order Logic:
D. This class comprises instances of E7 Activity that are undertaken to create, alter or change instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.
This class includes the production of an item from raw materials and other so far undocumented objects. It also includes the conservation treatment of an object.
Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in an instance of E11 Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities.
An activity undertaken on an object which was designed to alter it, but which, in fact, it did not in any seemingly significant way (such as the application of a solvent during conservation which failed to dissolve any part of the object), is still considered as an instance of E11 Modification. Typically, any such activity will leave at least forensic traces of evidence on the object.
If the instance of E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.Examples:In First Order Logic:
|
A
|
1_1
|
arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm
|
E79 Part Addition
|
http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E79_Part_Addition
|
1_1_pcv34ke2
|
In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ear growth rate'?
|
A. Number of plants per unit area.
B. Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath.
C. Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants.
D. Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear.
|
C
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/crop_ontology
|
Ear growth rate
|
https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000016
|
1_1_m8n52t6u
|
In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Influenza due to other identified influenza virus with other specified pneumonia'?
|
A. contagious viral infection caused by rhinovirus that causes inflammation of the bronchial tubes
B. Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia, especially among younger children, the elderly, pregnant women, or those with certain chronic health conditions or who live in a nursing home
C. Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe.
D. Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia, especially among younger children, the elderly, pregnant women, or those with certain chronic health conditions or who live in a nursing home
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology
|
Influenza due to other identified influenza virus with other specified pneumonia
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000223
|
1_1_3l03if68
|
In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'odontogenic mesenchyme of molar'?
|
A. A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45R that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08575-8 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.
B. An odontogenic mesenchyme that is part of a incisor tooth.
C. An odontogenic papilla that is part of a molar tooth [Automatically generated definition].
D. Mesenchyme enclosed by a dental organ that gives rise to an odontogenic papilla.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology
|
odontogenic mesenchyme of molar
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011641
|
1_1_6hsqee94
|
In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete qPCR data'?
|
A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.
B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.
C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.
D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/software_ontology
|
obsolete qPCR data
|
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000670
|
1_1_c2jgh9s2
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of aorta morphogenesis'?
|
A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.
D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
|
A
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
negative regulation of aorta morphogenesis
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903848
|
1_1_ol56nyxs
|
In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'intrahepatic bile duct carcionoma'?
|
A. Tumor of the connective tissues of the bile ducts
B. a brain tumor that is currently benign but has characteristics that make it possible for the tumor to become malignant (cancerous)
C. Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder.
D. A neoplasm without malignant characteristics arising from the lip.
|
A
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology
|
intrahepatic bile duct carcionoma
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000465
|
1_1_l1ps6wyt
|
In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'amount of rock'?
|
A. Unconsolidated earth material is an 'earth material' that is consituted by an aggregate of solid particles but is not consolidated into a 'rock' it self.
B. An amount of rock is a solid consolidated 'earth material' that is 'constituted by' an aggregate of particles made of mineral matter or material of biological origin.
C. It is a natural amount of matter 'generated by' some 'geological process'.
D. An amount of rock is an 'earth material' that is a naturally occuring, inorganic, solid, homogeneous chemical compound with a crystalline structure.
|
B
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/geocore_ontology
|
amount of rock
|
https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000008
|
1_1_ds91urvs
|
In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'ageostrophic wind'?
|
A. In the classification of Jeffreys, a wind motion only in response to the pressure force.
B. The vector difference between the real (or observed) wind and the geostrophic wind
C. A wind that assists the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's groundspeed greater than its airspeed; the opposite of a headwind.
D. A local wind created by acceleration of the airflow through a gap, constriction, or channel in a mountain range or between ranges.
|
B
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/sweet
|
ageostrophic wind
|
http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/AgeostrophicWind
|
1_1_64n7eab6
|
In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'type I hypersensitivity'?
|
A. An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
B. An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
C. An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system.
D. An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution.
|
B
|
1_1
|
sciences/gene_ontology
|
type I hypersensitivity
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016068
|
1_1_eebi6fae
|
In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'arachidonate'?
|
A. An oxo fatty acid anion and the conjugate base of colneleic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.
B. A docosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of (13R,14S)-dihydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
C. An icosanoid anion that is any icosapentaenoate bearing hydroxy and hydroperoxy substituents. An oxidation product of icosapentaenoic acid metabolism.
D. A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology
|
arachidonate
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32395
|
1_1_v64ss94l
|
In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'public health promotion policy'?
|
A. A policy that is applied by a public body.
B. A public policy that aims to improve the health of a population.
C. A public policy that regulates e-cigarettes, their marketing or their use.
D. A public policy that involves legislation to reduce the incidence of vehicle driving with alcohol in the body.
|
B
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/addiction_ontology
|
public health promotion policy
|
http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001273
|
1_1_vukrk22r
|
In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'benign familial infantile seizures 2'?
|
A. An infancy electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by afebrile partial complex or generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring between 3 and 12 months of age with a good response to medication and no neurologic sequelae.
B. A benign familial infantile epilepsy that is characterized by afebrile partial complex or generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring between 3 and 12 months of age with a good response to medication and no neurologic sequelae and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SCN8A gene on chromosome 12q13.
C. A benign familial infantile epilepsy that is characterized by afebrile partial complex or generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring between 3 and 12 months of age with a good response to medication and no neurologic sequelae and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CHRNA2 gene on chromosome 8p21.
D. A benign familial infantile epilepsy that is characterized by afebrile partial complex or generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring between 3 and 12 months of age with a good response to medication and no neurologic sequelae and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PRRT2 gene on chromosome 16p11.
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/human_disease_ontology
|
benign familial infantile seizures 2
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081115
|
1_1_f4wcafs5
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'microfold cell of epithelium of intestinal villus'?
|
A. A M cell that is part of the epithelium proper of jejunum.
B. A M cell that is part of the epithelium of intestinal villus.
C. A M cell that is part of the epithelium proper of ileum.
D. A M cell that is part of the epithelium of small intestine.
|
B
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
microfold cell of epithelium of intestinal villus
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000354
|
1_1_ex4zhctp
|
In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'reproductive gland'?
|
A. Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system.
B. A sex gland that is part of a male reproductive system.
C. A section through the tube or network of tubes that connects the ovaries to the outside of the body.
D. Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction.
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology
|
reproductive gland
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003937
|
1_1_qqvyiyny
|
In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ellagitannin'?
|
A. Is trimer of casuarictin linked by sanguisorbic acid ester groups between glucopyranose moieties. It contributes to the antioxidant capacity of raspberries.
B. Dimer of casuarictin linked by a bond between the gallic acid residue and one of the hexahydroxydiphenic acid units. It has sanguisorbic acid ester groups as linking units between glucopyranose moieties.
C. An ellagitannin isolated from the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata. It exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against acyclovir and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as well as the wild-type HSV-1.
D. A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology
|
ellagitannin
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23909
|
1_1_cqeqe4tm
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cervical mammary gland'?
|
A. A mammary gland that is part of a cervical region.
B. A specialized accessory gland of the skin of mammals that secretes milk. The gland is typically only developed in females, and regresses in males.
C. A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast.
D. A lactiferous gland that is part of the abdominal region [Automatically generated definition].
|
A
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
cervical mammary gland
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005199
|
1_1_i4wpqozr
|
In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant stem or spear food product'?
|
A. A genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants.
B. A food product derived from plant fruit.
C. A vegetable food product containing one or more pickled vegetables.
D. A food product deriving from a plant stem or spear part.
|
D
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/environment_ontology
|
plant stem or spear food product
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002156
|
1_1_5dx4w472
|
In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'book end vorticities'?
|
A. More often the term refers to a flow with closed streamlines or to the idealized case in which all vorticity is concentrated in a vortex filament.
B. Mesoscale vortices observed at the ends of a line segment of convective cells, usually cyclonic on the northern end of the system and anticyclonic on the southern end, for an environment of westerly vertical wind shear
C. Diffusion or dispersion due to the effects of turbulent motions.
D. A straight line vortex, the flow of which can be modeled in two dimensions, with a point concentration of vorticity surrounded by irrotational flow.
|
B
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/sweet
|
book end vorticities
|
http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/BookEndVorticities
|
1_1_3p8d731w
|
In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Diaminoaciduria'?
|
A. An increased urine level of any amino acid carrying two amino groups (Asparagine, glutamine and lysine, cystine, ornithine).
B. An increased level of a dibasic amino acid in the urine. Dibasic amino acids are usually referred to simply as basic aminoacids because they contain basic side chains at neutral pH. These are arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and histidine (His).
C. An elevated urinary concentration of sarcosine.
D. An elevated level of an glutamine family amino acid in the urine.
|
A
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology
|
Diaminoaciduria
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008339
|
1_1_7r23153a
|
In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'currency instrument'?
|
A. written contract that gives rise to both a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability of another entity
B. financial instrument used for the purposes of currency trading
C. financial instrument whose value is determined by the market and that is readily transferable (highly liquid)
D. financial instrument representing an ownership interest in bulk goods, such as raw materials and primary agricultural products
|
B
|
1_1
|
business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology
|
currency instrument
|
https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/CurrencyInstrument
|
1_1_pos41sm7
|
In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton'?
|
A. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 3 plus the associated metapodial element.
B. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of pedal digit 4 plus the associated metapodial element.
C. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 6 plus the associated metapodial element.
D. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 4 plus the associated metapodial element.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology
|
manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_5103624
|
1_1_flyngd96
|
In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper fourth secondary molar tooth'?
|
A. The molar tooth of the upper jaw that is phylogenetically number 4.
B. A secondary molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw region.
C. The molar tooth of the upper or lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 4.
D. The palmar branch of the median nerve is a branch of the median nerve which arises at the lower part of the forearm and innervates skin of proximal central palm and thenar eminence.
|
A
|
1_1
|
sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology
|
upper fourth secondary molar tooth
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_7500057
|
1_1_d28bzrq0
|
In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhinosporidiosis'?
|
A. A nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by localized areas of hyperkeratosis located mainly on pressure points and sites of recurrent friction.
B. A parasitic Ichthyosporea infectious disease that is a chronic granulomatous infection of the mucous membranes caused by the parasite Rhinosporidium seeberi, which manifests as vascular friable polyps that arise from the nasal mucosa or external structures of the eye. Disease of the skin, mouth, upper airways, ear, genitals, and rectum has also been observed.
C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TNIK gene on chromosome 3q26.
D. A parasitic infectious disease that involves parasitic infection by the members of the class Ichthyosporea, which are parasites of fish and other animals.
|
B
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/human_disease_ontology
|
rhinosporidiosis
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2409
|
1_1_bkorbqgw
|
In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dihydrocubebin'?
|
A. A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms of an unbranched saturated chain of eight carbon atoms.
B. A glycol that is butane-1,4-diol substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl groups (the R,R-configuration).
C. A substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.
D. Any of the lignans with a 9-aryl-1-oxo-1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-yl glycoside skeleton originally isolated from Cleistanthus collinus, a toxic deciduous shrub. While all parts of the plant are poisonous, the leaves in particular are used as a suicide poison by young women in rural parts of southern India. Cleistanthins A and B have been particularly associated with the toxicity of the plant, with cleistanthin A being more potent than cleistanthin B.
|
B
|
1_1
|
sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology
|
dihydrocubebin
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_543841
|
1_1_l30mt6dx
|
In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'insulin'?
|
A. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.
B. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
C. A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.
D. A peptide hormone which consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin varies across species and certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain consists of 30 amino acids. In mammals, insulin is synthesised in the pancreas within the beta cells whereas in certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies.
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology
|
insulin
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145810
|
1_1_5r35ev9c
|
In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seta'?
|
A. A stalk that supports a spore capsule, the sporangium .
B. A stalk that is the basal part of an antheridium .
C. A stalk that supports an antheridium head .
D. A stalk that attaches a plant ovule to a placenta .
|
A
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/plant_ontology
|
seta
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030032
|
1_1_4ufnmkbs
|
In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cultural identity'?
|
A. Identification with a profession, exhibited by an aligning of roles, responsibilities, values, and ethical standards as accepted by the profession.
B. A religious identity is the set of beliefs and practices generally held by an individual, involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals and study of ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as faith and mystic experience.
C. Cultural identity is the (feeling of) identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as they are influenced by their belonging to a group or culture.
D. Bicultural identity is the condition of being oneself regarding the combination of two cultures.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/gsso_ontology
|
cultural identity
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007230
|
1_1_bsenjg7s
|
In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed cloud'?
|
A. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface.
B. A cloud formed when two subsaturated volumes of moist air with different temperatures and vapor pressures mix isobarically and adiabatically to form a volume of moist air with an intermediate temperature and vapor pressure above the saturation value at that temperature.
C. A cloud containing both water drops (supercooled at temperatures below 0?C) and ice crystals, hence a cloud with a composition between that of a water cloud and that of an ice- crystal cloud.
D. A principal cloud type (cloud genus), gray colored and often dark, rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain, snow, sleet, etc., of the ordinary varieties and not accompanied by lightning, thunder, or hail.
|
C
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/sweet
|
mixed cloud
|
http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/MixedCloud
|
1_1_9jx1fspl
|
In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'erection decreased'?
|
A. Decreased frequency of erection considered nonnormative or unhealthy.
B. A disability caused postnatally.
C. Any sort of erectile behavior or process change considered unhealthy or otherwise nonnormative.
D. Increased frequency of erection considered nonnormative or unhealthy.
|
A
|
1_1
|
sciences/gsso_ontology
|
erection decreased
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001933
|
1_1_fo7nop5a
|
In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco coated toothpick'?
|
A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use in which tobacco is wrapped in a betel leaf.
B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form sticks.
C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which Burley and bright tobacco or cigar tobacco leaves, liquorice, and sugar are mixed to form a moist product.
D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of nicotine with flavours like strawberry, peppermint, spearmint, coffee, cinnamon etc and is placed in the mouth like a toothpick.
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/addiction_ontology
|
tobacco coated toothpick
|
http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001009
|
1_1_jkkctn84
|
In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Code_of_Conduct'?
|
A. The word decree is often used as a derogative term for any authoritarian decision
B. Some international agreement that is not binding under international law
C. A statute bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legal person. It cannot bear expressions which are uttered by a different kind of agent.
D. a code outlining the responsibilities of or best practice for an individual or organisation, such as a set of principles of good corporate behaviour adopted by a business\
|
D
|
1_1
|
legal/lkif_core_ontology
|
Code_of_Conduct
|
http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Code_of_Conduct
|
1_1_odq3ogku
|
In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbohydrazide'?
|
A. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.
B. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
C. A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups.
D. A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. It is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist. Besides its antagonistic properties, numerous studies have shown that, at micromolar concentrations rimonabant behaves as an inverse agonist at CB1 receptors. The drug was the first selective CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist introduced into clinical practice to treat obesity and metabolic-related disorders. It was later withdrawn from market due to CNS-related adverse effects including depression and suicidal ideation.
|
C
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/addiction_ontology
|
carbohydrazide
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35363
|
1_1_vlfi3kck
|
In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylethanolamine 35:2'?
|
A. An optically active form of phosphatidylethanolamine having R-configuration.
B. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the two acyl groups contain a total of 35 carbons and 2 double bonds.
C. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as oleoyl and palmitoyl respectively.
D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as stearoyl and linoleoyl respectively.
|
B
|
1_1
|
sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology
|
phosphatidylethanolamine 35:2
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_136160
|
1_1_asj73kde
|
In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cercospora leaf spot resistance - Estimation'?
|
A. Observe the host reaction to CLS, and rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible.
B. Observe presence of spots on seed surface coat.
C. Observe the host reaction to pod borers, and rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible.
D. Pod constriction usually recorded when pod changes colour.
|
A
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/crop_ontology
|
Cercospora leaf spot resistance - Estimation
|
https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_346:0000014
|
1_1_8rd8kcii
|
In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'prostatectomy'?
|
A. Prostatectomy via an incision made in the perineum.
B. The surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland through a lower abdominal (retropubic) incision.
C. Removal of prostate tissue following a midline abdominal incision from the umbilicus to the pubic area and a small incision of the lower anterior bladder wall.
D. Complete or partial surgical removal of the prostate.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/gsso_ontology
|
prostatectomy
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011126
|
1_1_f5k95zoz
|
In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affyImGUI'?
|
A. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read and write GeneSpring specific data objects and covert them to BioConductor objects
B. The PLIER (Probe Logarithmic Error Intensity Estimate) method produces an improved signal by accounting for experimentally observed patterns in probe behavior and handling error at the appropriately at low and high signal values.
C. Statistical tools and data structures for analytic flow cytometry
D. A Graphical User Interface for affy analysis using the limma Microarray package
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/software_ontology
|
affyImGUI
|
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000454
|
1_1_6bbefaqb
|
In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'HskCov - Estimation'?
|
A. Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects.
B. Observe the ears hask cover and rate it.
C. Standard method for tassel exertion
D. Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate.
|
B
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/crop_ontology
|
HskCov - Estimation
|
https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000220
|
1_1_1k4hfrze
|
In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'software publisher organization'?
|
A. A regulatory agency is a organization that has responsibility over or for the legislation (acts and regulations) for a given sector of the government.
B. An organization or legal entity (including single person) that is responsible for publishing software. Publishing here includes tasks such as designing and producing physical products, technical customer support, licensing arrangements and marketing.
C. An organization or legal entity (including single person) that is responsible for developing software. Developing includes aspects of design, coding and testing.
D. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
|
B
|
1_1
|
sciences/software_ontology
|
software publisher organization
|
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000397
|
1_1_ok7xv5ze
|
In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seedling'?
|
A. A whole plant in the gametophytic phase that has a flat growth form and no distinct organs.
B. A whole plant that arises through meiosis and is contained in a spore wall.
C. A whole plant in the seedling development stage .
D. A whole plant in the gametophyte development stage that produces only plant egg cells .
|
C
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/plant_ontology
|
seedling
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008037
|
1_1_jstj0ju5
|
In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'body of liquid'?
|
A. A liquid planetary core is a planetary core which is primarily composed of liquid material.
B. An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet.
C. A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries.
D. The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing.
|
C
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/environment_ontology
|
body of liquid
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001476
|
1_1_8xo3lu6u
|
In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Proximal aortic arch hypoplasia'?
|
A. A type of aortic arch hypoplasia whereby the distal aortic arch (arch distal to the ductus arteriosus) has a diameter of less than 60% of the diameter of the ascending aorta.
B. A type of aortic arch hypoplasia whereby the isthmus (arch between the left subclavian and insertion of the patent ductus arteriosus/ligamentum arteriosum) has a diameter of less than 40% of the diameter of the ascending aorta.
C. Underdevelopment of the arch of aorta.
D. A type of aortic arch hypoplasia whereby the proximal aortic arch (arch proximal to the origin of the left subclavian artery) has a diameter of less than 60% of the diameter of the ascending aorta.
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology
|
Proximal aortic arch hypoplasia
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034228
|
1_1_5vxr0s5a
|
In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'caudal anterior cingulate cortex'?
|
A. The combined region of AmmonÕs horn, subicular complex and dentate gyrus; only fields CA1-CA3 of the hippocampus were considered to be part of the HF, field CA4 being included in the hilus of the dentate gyrus[1].
B. A small triangular area in front of the anterior perforated substance. Its apex, directed forward, occupies the posterior part of the olfactory sulcus, and is brought into view by throwing back the olfactory tract (adapted from Wikipedia).
C. A brain region defined by functional criteria, e.g. auditory cortex, rather than by structural or histological criteria.
D. Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral boundary was the first appearance of the genu of the corpus callosum whereas the caudal boundary was established as the first appearance of the mammillary bodies. The medial boundary was the medial aspect of the cortex. The supero-lateral boundary was the superior frontal gyrus whereas the infero-lateral boundary was the corpus callosum (Christine Fennema-Notestine).
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology
|
caudal anterior cingulate cortex
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0028715
|
1_1_prgswwht
|
In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic segment blood vessel'?
|
A. A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition].
B. A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
C. A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
D. A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei.
|
C
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/environment_ontology
|
thoracic segment blood vessel
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003834
|
1_1_2ysuvccu
|
In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'standing wave'?
|
A. A seiche is a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Seiches and seiche-related phenomena have been observed on lakes, reservoirs, bays and seas. The key requirement for formation of a seiche is that the body of water be at least partially bounded, allowing natural phenomena to form a standing wave.
B. With regard to atmospheric circulation, a progressive wave in the horizontal pattern of air motion with dimensions of cyclonic scale, as distinguished from a long wave.
C. A wave that is stationary with respect to the medium in which it is embedded, for example, two equal gravity waves moving in opposite directions.
D. Seismic waves are phenomena that travel through the Earth or other elastic body, for example as the result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other process that imparts forces to the body. [Wikipedia]
|
C
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/sweet
|
standing wave
|
http://sweetontology.net/phenWave/StandingWave
|
1_1_cgxbzu5i
|
In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'buprenorphine'?
|
A. A morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.
B. An isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
C. A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions.
D. A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/addiction_ontology
|
buprenorphine
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3216
|
1_1_8ulsuhy5
|
In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Insula'?
|
A. Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border.
B. Lobe of cerebral hemispheere located in the depths of the lateral fissure and is covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes.
C. Segment of cerebral hemisphere demarcated by both bonafide landmarks (sulci and fissures) and fiat boundaries.
D. Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe.
|
B
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology
|
Insula
|
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67329
|
1_1_fcngn82j
|
In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'BarToKilopascal'?
|
A. A unit conversion is a mapping from a source unit to a target unit via a multiplier and an offset value.
B. The bar (symbol: bar) is a unit of pressure equal to 100 kilopascals, and roughly equal to the atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level.
C. Conductivity is the reciprocal (inverse) of electrical resistivity, ρ, and has the SI units of siemens per metre (S·m-1). "siemens" is used for both singular and plural.
D. An observation is an assertion that an entity (e.g., biological organisms, geographic locations, or environmental features, among others) was observed by an observer. An observation primarily serves to group a set of measurements together into a single "observation event". Observations are often made within a broader context. The context of an observation is given by other observations, implying that an observed entity (and specifically each corresponding measurement) contextualizes another observed entity (and its corresponding measurements). For example, an observation associated with a location may serve as context for an observation associated with an organism. In this case, the observed characteristic values of the location (such as humidity) are assumed constant for the corresponding measurements of the organism.
|
B
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology
|
BarToKilopascal
|
http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#BarToKilopascal
|
1_1_cqlhtoj4
|
In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'menthol cigarette'?
|
A. A cigaratte that is flavoured with the compound menthol.
B. A cigarette that is manufactured in a factory.
C. A cigarette that has a cigarette filter as a part.
D. A cigarette whose parts have been purchased separately and assembled by hand or using a device for single assembly.
|
A
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/addiction_ontology
|
menthol cigarette
|
http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000753
|
1_1_k9pka4wd
|
In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bisexual male cohort'?
|
A. A cohort formed of individual bisexual women.
B. A cohort formed of individual bisexual persons.
C. A cohort formed of individual bisexual men.
D. An academic discipline dedicated to the study of Native Hawaiians.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/gsso_ontology
|
bisexual male cohort
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010500
|
1_1_ul4en6uo
|
In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD4-positive, CD8-intermediate double-positive thymocyte'?
|
A. A double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte that is small and not proliferating.
B. A double-positive thymocyte that is undergoing positive selection, has high expression of the alpha-beta T cell receptor, is CD69-positive, and is in the process of down regulating the CD8 co-receptor.
C. A double-positive thymocyte that is CD69-positive and has begun positive selection.
D. A thymocyte expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as both the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors.
|
B
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology
|
CD4-positive, CD8-intermediate double-positive thymocyte
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002431
|
1_1_13fbyo5b
|
In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior tibiofibular ligament'?
|
A. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a flat triangular band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the anterior part of the lateral surface of the distal end of some tibia to the anterior part of the distal end of some fibula.
B. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the posterior part of the distal end of some tibia to the adjacent posterior part of the distal end of some fibula.
C. Skeletal ligament (organ) that connects the bones and cartilages of the skull.
D. Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament.
|
A
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology
|
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
|
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76852
|
1_1_nk33m3qi
|
In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'evaporative available potential energy'?
|
A. Analogous to convective available potential energy, except that it is related to the negative buoyancy associated with evaporative cooling of liquid water within a sinking cloudy air parcel.
B. That portion of the total potential energy that may be converted to kinetic energy in an adiabatically enclosed system.
C. A cumulus cloud that is no longer dynamically connected with the atmospheric boundary layer via updrafts or downdrafts.
D. A principal cloud type (cloud genus), gray colored and often dark, rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain, snow, sleet, etc., of the ordinary varieties and not accompanied by lightning, thunder, or hail.
|
A
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/sweet
|
evaporative available potential energy
|
http://sweetontology.net/propEnergy/EvaporativeAvailablePotentialEnergy
|
1_1_lmdqad87
|
In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene'?
|
A. An amino-nitrotoluene that is 4,6-dinitrotoluene substituted at position 2 by an amino group.
B. A member of the class of amino-nitrotoluenes that is 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene bearing an additional acetamido group at position 4.
C. An amino-nitrotoluene that is 2,6-dinitrotoluene substituted at position 4 by an amino group.
D. A member of the class of amino-nitrotoluenes that is 2,4-diaminotoluene bearing a nitro substituent at position 6.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology
|
2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_19342
|
1_1_v62syahn
|
In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '2-hydroxyquinoline 8-monooxygenase activity'?
|
A. Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + quinine = 3-hydroxyquinine + H2O + NADP+.
B. Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene + H2O + NAD+.
C. Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 = nostoxanthin + 2 NAD + 2 H2O.
D. Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-2-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-2,8-diol.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/gene_ontology
|
2-hydroxyquinoline 8-monooxygenase activity
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033766
|
1_1_uywomlfv
|
In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-fructofuranosidase activity'?
|
A. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2,1- and 2,6-linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.
B. Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + H2O = alpha-D-glucose + beta-D-fructose.
C. Catalysis of the reaction: a fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + H2O = a non fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + a beta-D-fructofuranoside.
D. Catalysis of the cleavage of hexosamine or N-acetylhexosamine residues (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) residues from gangliosides or other glycoside oligosaccharides.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/gene_ontology
|
beta-fructofuranosidase activity
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004564
|
1_1_4kh6pha6
|
In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Superseded'?
|
A. Live is a development status which is applied to software that has been designated as suitable for production environments by the developer/publisher. If a non-free product, software at this stage is available for purchase
B. An updated version of the software is available.
C. Software has developers actively maintaining it (fixing bugs)
D. Development status is an information content entity which indicates the maturity of a software entity within the context of the software life cycle.
|
B
|
1_1
|
sciences/software_ontology
|
Superseded
|
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/maturity/SWO_9000069
|
1_1_wzl6ef6o
|
In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling bad'?
|
A. An affective process that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli.
B. A subjective affective feeling that is negatively valenced.
C. A subjective affective feeling of being calm, being relaxed, being at peace.
D. A subjective affective feeling that involves attraction to an imagined state of affairs.
|
B
|
1_1
|
human_society/emotion_ontology
|
feeling bad
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000108
|
1_1_qljms5rn
|
In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'speaking at a slower rate'?
|
A. Speaking behaviour in which a short utterance is produced.
B. Speaking with an altered rhythm or melody of speech relative to the norm for that person.
C. Speaking with a voice softer than usual.
D. Speaking in a manner that is slower than the norm for that person.
|
D
|
1_1
|
human_society/emotion_ontology
|
speaking at a slower rate
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000163
|
1_1_6z1zwey7
|
In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute allergic mucoid otitis media'?
|
A. A primary autosomal recessive microcephaly that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ANKLE2 gene on chromosome 12q24.
B. A blue drum syndrome caused by an allergen.
C. An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the kidney.
D. A acute transudative otitis media involving thick, viscid and mucuslike fluid effusion due to which the drum appears blue in color.
|
B
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/human_disease_ontology
|
acute allergic mucoid otitis media
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9735
|
1_1_cu431cmg
|
In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'symbiont-mediated suppression of host apoptosis'?
|
A. A process in which a symbiont gene product affects host apoptosis, leading to a change in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
B. A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances the normal execution of host apoptosis, leading to an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
C. A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of host apoptosis, leading to a decrease in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
D. A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of host programmed cell death, leading to a decrease in the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/gene_ontology
|
symbiont-mediated suppression of host apoptosis
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033668
|
1_1_psxblakm
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration'?
|
A. The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
B. The directed movement of a smooth muscle cell in response to an external stimulus.
C. The orderly movement of a vascular associated smooth muscle cell from one site to another.
D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.
|
C
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904738
|
1_1_ttqc3rnd
|
In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardial lymph propulsor'?
|
A. A circulatory organ that is not responsible for primary circulation.
B. A lymphatic propulsor that lies tightly against the truncus arteriosus, the major outflow tract of the amphibian heart.
C. The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
D. A circulatory organ that is reponsible for pumping lymph throughout the body.
|
B
|
1_1
|
sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology
|
cardial lymph propulsor
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0036259
|
1_1_nxyji827
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'glandular epithelial cell of stomach'?
|
A. A cell secreting sweat, the fluid excreted by the sweat glands of mammals. It consists of water containing sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, ammonia, and other waste products.
B. A(n) neuroendocrine cell that is part of a(n) epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn.
C. A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit.
D. A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
glandular epithelial cell of stomach
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002659
|
1_1_ob7nugjh
|
In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'CoCiteStats''?
|
A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.
B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.
C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.
D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/software_ontology
|
obsolete 'CoCiteStats'
|
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000120
|
1_1_fwhdw8it
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'axillary artery'?
|
A. An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition].
B. One of two arteries (anterior and posterior choroidal artery) that supply blood to the choroid plexus, optic tract, hippocampus, globus pallidus, and other various brain regions.
C. An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries.
D. Artery that supplies the axilla.
|
D
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
axillary artery
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001394
|
1_1_15jarphv
|
In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'continuant fiat boundary'?
|
A. 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.
B. Hippocampus (proper) plus dentate gyrus and subiculum[definition derived from NIF comments and ontology alignment].
C. A class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of ethanolamine.
D. b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology
|
continuant fiat boundary
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000140
|
1_1_pkiwzitx
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'left forelimb'?
|
A. An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid.
B. A forelimb that is on the left side of a pectoral complex.
C. A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes)[BTO].
D. The bone that is situated in the orbit on either side of the presphenoid; it generally forms a part of the sphenoid in the adult, and may be independent in the young.
|
B
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
left forelimb
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8300002
|
1_1_16ivysnt
|
In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sveinsson chorioretinal atrophy'?
|
A. An eye disease that is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure in the absence of optic nerve damage or visual field loss.
B. An eye disease where one or both eyeballs are abnormally small.
C. An eye disease that is characterized by decreased ability to change the optical power of the eye to maintain a clear image.
D. An eye disease characterized by presence in the fundus of progressive bilateral retinal and choroidal atrophy leading to central vision loss that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in TEAD1 on 11p15.3.
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/human_disease_ontology
|
Sveinsson chorioretinal atrophy
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111228
|
1_1_shz8o4dj
|
In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tax preparer'?
|
A. Plan, direct, or coordinate operations and functionalities of facilities and buildings. May include surrounding grounds or multiple facilities of an organization's campus.
B. Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses.
C. Repair and adjust electrical and mechanical equipment of inboard or inboard-outboard boat engines.
D. Under supervision, perform manual labor necessary to develop, maintain, or protect areas such as forests, forested areas, woodlands, wetlands, and rangelands through such activities as raising and transporting seedlings; combating insects, pests, and diseases harmful to plant life; and building structures to control water, erosion, and leaching of soil. Includes forester aides, seedling pullers, tree planters, and gatherers of nontimber forestry products such as pine straw.
|
B
|
1_1
|
business_finance/occupation_ontology
|
tax preparer
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13208200
|
1_1_3q5ond76
|
In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Type VI atherosclerotic lesion'?
|
A. Type V lesions are defined as lesions in which prominent new fibrous connective tissue has formed. When the new tissue is part of a lesion with a lipid core (type IV), this type of morphology may be referred to as fibroatheroma or type Va lesion. A type V lesion in which the lipid core and other parts of the lesion are calcified may be referred to as type Vb. A type V lesion in which a lipid core is absent and lipid in general is minimal may be referred to as type Vc. With these lesions, arteries are variously narrowed, generally more than with type IV. Importantly, as with type IV lesions, type V lesions may develop fissures, hematoma, and/or thrombus (type VI lesion), and for this reason too they are clinically relevant.
B. Type II atherosclerotic lesions include the fatty streak lesion, the first grossly visible lesion, and are characterized by layers of macrophage foam cells and lipid droplets within intimal smooth muscle cells and minimal coarse-grained particles and heterogeneous droplets of extracellular lipid.
C. In type IV atherosclerotic lesions a dense accumulation of extracellular lipid occupies an extensive but well-defined region of the intima. This type of extracellular lipid accumulation is known as the lipid core. A fibrous tissue increase is not a feature, and complications such as defects of the lesion surface and thrombosis are not present. The type IV lesion is also known as atheroma. Type IV is the first lesion considered advanced in this classification because of the severe intimal disorganization caused by the lipid core. The characteristic core appears to develop from an increase and the consequent confluence of the small isolated pools of extracellular lipid that characterize type III lesions. The increase in lipid is believed to result from continued insudation from the plasma. Type IV lesions, when they first appear in younger people, are found in the same locations as adaptive intimal thickenings of the eccentric type. Thus, atheroma is, at least initially, an eccentric lesion.
D. Type VI atherosclerotic lesions generally have the underlying morphology of type IV or V lesions, surface disruptions, hematoma, and thrombosis may be (although less often) superimposed on any other type of lesion and even on intima without an apparent lesion. Complicating features may arise because of individual differences in risk factors and tissue reactions. These may include differences in composition of the blood, the relative quantities and distributions in the components of the underlying lesion or intima, as well as modifications of shear and tensile forces to which the lesion or intima is exposed. Clinical imaging of lesions may be expected to contribute greatly to the understanding of type VI lesions and the associated clinical syndromes.
|
D
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology
|
Type VI atherosclerotic lesion
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031683
|
1_1_iah4ugzd
|
In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'biopolymer'?
|
A. A polymer which is the output of a biological process.
B. A polymer which is the output of a manufacturing process.
C. A polymer which has been irreversibly hardened by heat-induced curing.
D. A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc..
|
A
|
1_1
|
earth_environment/environment_ontology
|
biopolymer
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105122
|
1_1_c8lbjvj5
|
In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'occipital lobe'?
|
A. The lobe at the anterior part of each cerebral hemisphere, responsible for olfactory functions.
B. Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere (MSH).
C. Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border.
D. Part of cerebral hemisphere located on the medial surface, forming a ring around the brain stem.
|
B
|
1_1
|
sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology
|
occipital lobe
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002021
|
1_1_xgl7oils
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'OFF-bipolar cell'?
|
A. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light to dark transition.
B. An OFF diffuse bipolar cell that makes synaptic contact with both L/M and S-cone photoreceptors and only minimal contact with rod photoreceptors.
C. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.
D. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors.
|
A
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
OFF-bipolar cell
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000750
|
1_1_g0foi15t
|
In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'fruit formation stage'?
|
A. A fruit formation stage that spans the interval when a fruit has reached 50 to 70% of its final size.
B. A fruit development stage that begins with the formation of a plant zygote that is contained in the fruit being studied and ends when that fruit's fruit ripening stage begins.
C. A fruit formation stage that spans the interval when a fruit has reached 10% to 30% of its final size.
D. A multi-tissue plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a single fruit .
|
B
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/plant_ontology
|
fruit formation stage
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025501
|
1_1_a248i2e3
|
In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ziprasidone'?
|
A. Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect.
B. A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.
C. A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.
D. A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.
|
C
|
1_1
|
health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology
|
ziprasidone
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10119
|
1_1_krmccp0x
|
In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mortality rate'?
|
A. Measure the girth or circumference of the stem at 1.5m above the ground level using a measuring tape (tape strapped around the stem).
B. Use GPS or google map, record longitude in decimal format
C. Measure from the ground level to the base of the oldest living frond.
D. Count productive palms at the end of the observation period, divide by the number of palms planted and multiply by 100
|
D
|
1_1
|
food_agriculture/crop_ontology
|
Mortality rate
|
https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000386
|
1_1_jjppccn3
|
In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'bounding membrane of organelle'?
|
A. The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle.
B. The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
C. A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.
D. The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.
|
A
|
1_1
|
sciences/cell_ontology
|
bounding membrane of organelle
|
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098588
|
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