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6,307,340 |
Polyglycolic acid and catgut sutures, with and without oral proteolytic enzymes, in the healing of episiotomies.
|
Roberts A D AD, Hart D M DM
|
British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology . Vol. 90, No. 7, 1983 Jul
|
Polyglycolic acid (PGA) sutures and traditional catgut were compared in 190 patients undergoing episiotomy. Each group was also randomly allocated to a double blind comparison of therapy with oral proteolytic enzymes (Chymoral) and placebo. The combination of Chymoral and polyglycolic acid sutures was shown to reduce the level of pain, assessed subjectively, and there was a significant reduction in analgesic requirements in the Chymoral/PGA group.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307340/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6307340
|
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6,307,458 |
Influences of splanchnic nerve blockade on endocrine-metabolic responses to upper abdominal surgery.
|
Tsuji H H, Shirasaka C C, Asoh T T, Takeuchi Y Y
|
The British journal of surgery . Vol. 70, No. 7, 1983 Jul
|
Twelve patients undergoing gastrectomy received combined epidural and splanchnic nerve blockade (Group E&S), and changes in plasma ACTH, cortisol, glucose and FFA were compared with those undergoing gastrectomy under general anaesthesia (Group G) or epidural analgesia alone (Group E). Plasma ACTH increased in all groups on the day of operation and was significantly higher in Group G than the other groups. Levels of ACTH in Group E&S were lower than Group E, but the differences were not significant. Cortisol response in Group G was most pronounced and prolonged. This cortisol response was significantly attenuated in Group E and was further inhibited in Group E&S. Blood glucose and FFA increased in Groups G and E during the operation but the increase was significantly less in Group E. In Group E&S, glucose and FFA concentrations showed practically no change throughout the study, being significantly lower than in Group E. The results indicated that the splanchnic nerve is responsible for producing endocrine-metabolic responses to gastric surgery even under epidural blockade.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307458/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6307458
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6,307,464 |
Acyclovir prophylaxis against herpes virus infections in severely immunocompromised patients: randomised double blind trial.
|
Hann I M IM, Prentice H G HG, Blacklock H A HA, Ross M G MG, Brigden D D, Rosling A E AE, Burke C C, Crawford D H DH, Brumfitt W W, Hoffbrand A V AV
|
British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) . Vol. 287, No. 6389, 1983 Aug 06
|
Twenty patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and 39 patients receiving remission induction chemotherapy for acute leukaemia were entered into a double blind, placebo controlled stratified trial of acyclovir prophylaxis against herpes group virus infections. Within the transplant group intravenous acyclovir 5 mg/kg twice daily given throughout the period of granulocytopenia completely prevented oropharyngeal herpes simplex virus infection compared with a 50% incidence in the placebo arm (p = 0.033). The acyclovir group also had fewer days of fever during the trial and a shorter duration of leukopenia, possibly because of the prevention of herpes simplex virus infections. There was a high incidence of herpes infections after the trial in patients who received either acyclovir or placebo. In the non-transplant group there was also a significant reduction of herpes simplex virus infection in the oropharynx and oesophagus (two out of 19 patients as compared with 10 out of 20; p = 0.018). Herpes simplex virus was isolated in the acyclovir arm within a day after starting the trial in one patient, and the other failure was due to a virus with reduced sensitivity to acyclovir in a patient who had had several previous courses of the drug. The incidence of herpes infections after stopping treatment was low. The influence of acyclovir on excretion of Epstein-Barr virus in saliva in either group was inconclusive. One patient (transplant group) developed a cytomegalovirus infection while receiving acyclovir. Acyclovir provides effective prophylaxis against oropharyngeal and oesophageal herpes simplex virus infection in severely immunocompromised seropositive (greater than or equal to 1/8) patients. In patients given bone marrow transplants this may have the additional benefit of reducing the time to recovery of an adequate blood count and the number of days of fever.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307464/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6307464
|
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] |
6,307,500 |
The treatment of cancer patients with human lymphoblastoid interferon. A comparison of two routes of administration.
|
Knost J A JA, Sherwin S A SA, Abrams P G PG, Ochs J J JJ, Foon K A KA, Williams R R, Tuttle R R, Oldham R K RK
|
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII . Vol. 15, No. 2, 1983
|
Highly purified human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) derived from virus-stimulated Namalwa cells was administered by 6-h IV infusion or IM injection to 40 patients with a variety of disseminated malignancies refractory to standard therapy. Each patient received doses escalating from 0.1 to 50 X 10(6) U for up to 5 weeks. Extensive monitoring for clinical effect, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics has revealed higher peak serum interferon levels and somewhat more pronounced systemic toxicity for the IV than for the IM route of administration. Objective evidence of tumor regression was observed in two patients receiving HLBI IV.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307500/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6307500
|
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] |
6,307,516 |
Value of prophylactic cranial irradiation given at complete remission in small cell lung carcinoma.
|
Aroney R S RS, Aisner J J, Wesley M N MN, Whitacre M Y MY, Van Echo D A DA, Slawson R G RG, Wiernik P H PH
|
Cancer treatment reports . Vol. 67, No. 7-8
|
The optimal use of "prophylactic" cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with small cell lung cancer remains undetermined. This study reviews the impact of PCI, given at complete remission (CR), on neurologic relapse in 172 consecutive patients with small cell lung cancer treated in three sequential chemotherapy protocols at the University of Maryland Cancer Center. In the first study of 38 patients, none received PCI. In the second study of 109 patients, the first 28 achieving CR were randomized to 3000 rad of PCI in ten fractions (PCI+) or to observation (PCI-). Thereafter, based on interim analysis, all patients achieving CR received PCI. In the third study, to date, 25 patients achieving CR have received PCI. Overall, 169 patients were evaluable for neurologic relapse, and 30 of 90 patients achieving CR received PCI. Among all patients with CR, with adjustment for disease extent, there was a significant delay to any neurologic relapse (P = 0.01) and cerebral metastases (P = 0.02) for PCI+ compared to PCI- patients. Among PCI- patients with CR, cerebral metastases alone occurred in 28% as the sole site and in 33% as the initial site, whereas cerebral relapse occurred prior to systemic relapse in only one PCI+ patient with CR. Patient survival however, was not significantly altered by PCI. PCI at CR confers effective and worthwhile local control in the CNS, especially during periods of systemic response, and a small percentage of patients may benefit. Systemic drug resistance still determines overall survival.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307516/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6307516
|
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] |
6,307,704 |
Bronchoscopic findings in patients with a complete radiographic regression of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
|
Sörenson S S
|
European journal of cancer & clinical oncology . Vol. 19, No. 5, 1983 May
|
Fibre-optic bronchoscopy was performed in 21 patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma who demonstrated a complete radiographic regression of their chest lesions after 3-4 months of combination chemotherapy. Fifteen patients showed abnormalities at the site of the original tumour consisting of nodular elevations, narrowing of bronchi and/or fibrous strands or membranes. Microscopic evidence of residual cancer was obtained in 3 cases. In 3 out of 8 patients who underwent a further bronchoscopy after 18 months of treatment, disappearance of nodules was noted at the later examination. Persistent bronchial narrowing was observed in patients who became disease-free 2-yr survivors. It is concluded that tumour regression may be accompanied by scar formation, which complicate the interpretation of post-treatment abnormalities, and that further regression of intrabronchial lesions may occur beyond 3-4 months.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307704/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6307704
|
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] |
6,307,772 |
Ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal and prepyloric ulcer: comparison of two dosage regimens.
|
Brunner H H, Pesendorfer F X FX, Pötzi R R
|
The Journal of international medical research . Vol. 11, No. 3, 1983
|
In a double-blind controlled study eight-two patients with duodenal or prepyloric ulcer were treated with either 100 mg of 150 mg ranitidine twice daily. After 4 weeks of treatment the ulcer had healed in twenty-two of forty-one patients (54%) on 200 mg of ranitidine and in thirty-six of forty-one patients (88%) on 300 mg of ranitidine. In the x2-test this difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Relief of pain and reduction of mucosal inflammation were similar in both groups. There were no drug-related side-effects nor consistent changes in laboratory findings. We conclude that a daily dose of 300 mg ranitidine is superior to 200 mg ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal and prepyloric ulcer and that the short-term use of ranitidine seems to be safe for the treatment of these ulcers.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307772/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6307772
|
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] |
6,307,777 |
Effect of feeding human milk on nosocomial rotavirus infections in an infants ward.
|
Berger R R, Hadziselimovic F F, Just M M, Reigel P P
|
Developments in biological standardization . Vol. 53, 1983
|
Children aged 1-15 months hospitalized for different respiratory diseases (including otitis media) at an infants ward frequently developed diarrhoea during their stay in the clinic. Bacteriological examinations of stool samples were usually negative but rotavirus excretion was frequent according to ELISA tests. Children fed with human milk are assumed to be less susceptible to rotavirus infections due to the protection by maternal antibody. In view of preventive measures for avoiding rotavirus nosocomial infections a study was carried out. All children entering the infants ward and showing no sign of gastrointestinal disorders were distributed at random into two groups. The first group received a normal diet according to age, the second group received in addition 200 ml of fresh human milk per day. Serial stool samples were taken at the first day and thereafter every 3-4 days. Routine bacteriological examination and tests for rotavirus excretion were carried out. Children already excreting rotavirus at the first day were excluded from the study. Analysis of the gene segments of excreted rotavirus revealed the presence of two subspecies of rotavirus type 2 appearing at different periods during the study indicating nosocomial infections. Such infections were surprisingly frequent: 16 of 28 children started to excrete rotavirus during their stay in the ward and 8 of these 16 got diarrhoea. A statistically significant difference in the infection rate between the two groups was not observed although clinical symptoms seemed to be less severe in children fed with human milk.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307777/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6307777
|
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] |
6,307,787 |
Immunogenicity of Ty21a attenuated "Salmonella typhi" given with sodium bicarbonate or in enteric-coated capsules.
|
Black R R, Levine M M MM, Young C C, Rooney J J, Levine S S, Clements M L ML, O'Donnell S S, Hugues T T, Germanier R R
|
Developments in biological standardization . Vol. 53, 1983
|
Ty21a, a stable attenuated mutant of Salmonella typhi, is a safe, protective oral vaccine when 3 doses of 10(9) cells in saline are taken after neutralization of gastric acidity by 1 g NaHCO3. To identify a more convenient method to administer vaccine and to determine the feasibility of immunizing with a single dose, we studied the immune response of children and adults to different formulations of Ty21a with a newly developed, sensitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this ELISA, a rise in S. typhi O antibody was defined as a change in net optical density of greater than or equal to 0.15 (more than 3 SD from the mean difference in optical density in a negative control population). Three hundred and thirty-five Chilean children were given 3 doses of 10(9) Ty21a in 150 ml of milk with 0.8 g NaHCO3 or in enteric-coated capsules. In each group, 5% seroconverted by Widal O but 41% by IgG ELISA O antibody titers; mean antibody levels by group were identical. Studies were also carried out in healthy college students in a non-endemic area (U.S.A.) who had no history of prior typhoid immunization. In total, 141 U.S. adults received vaccine formulated in either one of two ways: 1) in gelatin capsules administered with two additional gelatin capsules containing a total of 0.8 gm NaHCO3 or 2) in enteric-coated capsules. Thirty-six persons received one dose, 30 got two doses and 16 ingested three doses of enteric-coated vaccines, while 44 persons receiving one dose and 15 got two doses of vaccine in the gelatin capsule formulation. Rates of seroconversion of ELISA O antibody were similar in all the groups. Ty21a vaccine was not recovered from multiple stool, jejunal fluid or blood cultures of the U.S. vaccine recipients. Based on these observations a large-scale field trial of efficacy has been initiated in 90.000 schoolchildren 6-20 years of age in Santiago, Chile, of whom one-third received one dose of enteric-coated vaccine, one-third got two doses and the remainder received placebo.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307787/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6307787
|
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] |
6,307,933 |
The effect of pectin and wheat bran on platelet function and haemostatis in man.
|
Challen A D AD, Branch W J WJ, Cummings J H JH
|
Human nutrition. Clinical nutrition . Vol. 37, No. 3, 1983 May
|
The hypothesis that dietary fibre might protect against the development of ischaemic heart disease through an effect on platelet aggregation and blood clotting has been tested in eleven healthy volunteers. In two separate studies the effect of pectin and wheat bran has been measured in subjects living on controlled diets in a metabolic suite. In the pectin study volunteers consumed a basal diet, typical of that normally eaten in the UK, for 6 weeks but for one 3-week period took an additional 36 g/d pectin (Bulmers Firmagel--high methoxy pectin). Although serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly lowered (5.73 +/- 0.36 mmol/l control; 5.18 +/- 0.35 mmol/l + pectin, P less than 0.025), platelet aggregation, platelet fatty acid composition, dilute blood clot lysis time and bleeding times were unaltered. In a similar study in which the volunteers took white bread for 3 weeks and brown and wholemeal breads for a further 3 weeks each, no change was seen in platelet function or in haemostasis. It is concluded that if dietary fibre does protect against heart disease it is probably not through an effect on platelet aggregation or haemostasis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307933/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6307933
|
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] |
6,307,941 |
Combined modality treatment of regional small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung: a cooperative study of the RTOG and ECOG.
|
Seydel H G HG, Creech R R, Pagano M M, Salazar O O, Rubin P P, Concannon J J, Carbone P P, Mohuiddin M M, Perez C C, Matthews M M
|
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics . Vol. 9, No. 8, 1983 Aug
|
Between 1975 and 1979, 271 patients with regional small cell undifferentiated (including oat cell) carcinoma of the lung were entered into a study involving treatment by radiation therapy (4500 cGy (rad) in five weeks) to the primary tumor, mediastinum and supraclavicular lymph nodes, and a randomization to receive or not receive prophylactic treatment of the brain (3000 cGy in two weeks) and a randomization to prophylactic or delayed chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and CCNU). Analysis of the data indicates that the median survival for responders (53 weeks) was significantly longer than that of the non-responders and partial responders (37 and 34 weeks). Median survival by treatment arm was 48 weeks for thoracic irradiation (TI), brain irradiation (BI), and early chemotherapy (CT), 44 weeks for TI alone, 41 weeks for TI and CT, 38 weeks for TI and BI. Regional complete and partial tumor responses were 52 and 25% for prophylactic chemotherapy and 44 and 35% for delayed chemotherapy. The site of first failure was regional in 12%, regional and distant simultaneously in 21%, and distant only in 46%. Elective brain irradiation significantly reduced the incidence of brain metastases from 21 and 5%, but did not improve survival.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307941/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6307941
|
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] |
6,307,964 |
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of sultamicillin estimated by high performance liquid chromatography.
|
ROgers H J HJ, Bradbrook I D ID, Morrison P J PJ, Spector R G RG, Cox D A DA, Lees L J LJ
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 11, No. 5, 1983 May
|
Sultamicillin is an orally absorbed double ester of sulbactam (penicillanic acid sulphone, a semisynthetic inhibitor of the beta-lactamases of many Gram-positive and Gram-negative species) and ampicillin. First-pass hydrolysis of this prodrug liberates equimolar proportions of sulbactam in plasma, saliva and urine is described and was used to determine the absolute bioavailability of sulbactam and ampicillin from sultamicillin in six normal male volunteers who each received a single 750 mg oral dose of sultamicillin or an iv dose of the equivalent amounts of ampicillin (441 mg) and sulbactam (294 mg). Treatments were given in random order with not less than four days intervening. The mean peak plasma concentrations and time to peak of sulbactam and ampicillin following the 750 mg oral half lives, systemic and renal clearances for sulbactam and ampicillin were similar. The bioavailability for both drugs from sultamicillin as estimated from both plasma and urine pharmacokinetics was better than 80%. We conclude that sultamicillin is an extremely efficient prodrug for ampicillin and sulbactam and that the HPLC assay method is accurate, rapid and easier to perform than the differential microbiological assay.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307964/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6307964
|
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] |
6,308,063 |
Urinary alkalinization and smoking cessation.
|
Fix A J AJ, Daughton D D, Kass I I, Smith J L JL, Wickiser A A, Golden C J CJ, Wass A R AR
|
Journal of clinical psychology . Vol. 39, No. 4, 1983 Jul
|
Previous studies have shown that large doses of a urinary alkalinizing agent reduced cigarette consumption spontaneously among smokers. After establishing a safe daily dose of an alkalinizing agent, sodium bicarbonate, its effect upon smoking cessation rates among 72 enrollees in a smoking cessation program was studied. In the first study, we determined that sodium bicarbonate (3900 mg per day) significantly increased urinary pH (from 6.0 to 6.7) and lowered titratable acidity. Ascorbic acid (1500 mg per day) had no effect of pH or acidity. In a second study, a group given sodium bicarbonate surpassed a placebo control group (who were given 1500 mg per day ascorbic acid) in total daily cigarette reduction after 5 weeks and in week-to-week smoking reduction. The groups did not, however, differ in the number who achieved total abstinence.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308063/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6308063
|
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] |
6,308,068 |
Comparative antihypertensive effects of enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide, alone and in combination.
|
Vlasses P H PH, Rotmensch H H HH, Swanson B N BN, Irvin J D JD, Lee R B RB, Koplin J R JR, Ferguson R K RK
|
Journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 23, No. 5-6
|
Enalapril maleate is an investigational oral prodrug whose hydrolyzed diacid metabolite is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Fourteen patients with mild to moderate hypertension were evaluated after receiving placebo, and two weeks of treatment with each of the following: enalapril maleate (20 mg b.i.d.), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg b.i.d.), and the two in combination. In comparison to placebo, the magnitudes of the blood pressure reduction after enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide alone were comparable. The reduction in blood pressure following enalapril was evident throughout the 12-hour dosing interval. The combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide resulted in a marked further reduction in blood pressure that was greater than that predicted from the responses to the individual drugs (P less than 0.05). Biochemical parameters confirmed inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme during enalapril treatment; serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity proved an excellent monitor of compliance. Enalapril was generally well tolerated. Adverse effects included symptomatic hypotension in three patients when enalapril was first added to hydrochlorothiazide and hyperesthesia of the oral mucosa without a loss of taste in one patient on enalapril. Enalapril maleate alone and especially in combination with hydrochlorothiazide appears to be an effective, well-tolerated converting enzyme inhibitor with at least a 12-hour duration of action.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308068/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6308068
|
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] |
6,308,283 |
Antibiotic prophylaxis for genitourinary surgery in community hospitals.
|
Childs S J SJ, Wells W G WG, Mirelman S S
|
The Journal of urology . Vol. 130, No. 2, 1983 Aug
|
For 92 patients who had undergone transurethral and open urologic surgery a prospective, randomized, double-blind study was done that compared the effects of ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin, to placebo. The 2 groups were similar in respect to demographic characteristics. Ceftriaxone reduced significantly the incidence of postoperative infection (p less than 0.01). Of 43 patients who received ceftriaxone 2 (5 per cent) became infected compared to 15 of 49 (30 per cent) who received placebo. Patients in the placebo group who had positive postoperative urine cultures did so approximately 2 days earlier than those in the ceftriaxone group, even though the day of catheter removal averaged about 1 1/2 days later in the ceftriaxone group. There was no correlation between the incidence of fever and infection, and there was no difference between groups with regard to postoperative bleeding, or the incidence of recatheterization or rehospitalization. Average operating time, highest temperature postoperatively and number of hospital days were approximately the same in both groups. Two patients in the placebo group had serious complications and incurred approximately $11,600 in additional expenses as a result of those complications. Of these patients 1 became septic, and 1 had urinary tract and wound infections postoperatively. These data suggest that this method of antibiotic prophylaxis will not only reduce the incidence of postoperative infection in such patients, thereby reducing morbidity, mortality and hospital costs, but also may provide an additional 1 to 2 days of protection from infection for patients who require postoperative catheterization.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308283/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6308283
|
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] |
6,308,685 |
Urinary excretion of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 metabolites after angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in hypertensive patients.
|
Vlasses P H PH, Ferguson R K RK, Smith J B JB, Rotmensch H H HH, Swanson B N BN
|
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and medicine . Vol. 11, No. 2, 1983 Jun
|
The contribution, if any, of various prostaglandins to the antihypertensive effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) is controversial. We studied the effect of the ACEI captopril (CAP) on the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF2 alpha (6-KF), the major metabolite of the vasodilatory prostaglandin, prostacyclin, and thromboxane B2 (TxB2), the stable metabolite of the vasoconstrictor TxA2, in 8 patients with essential hypertension after placebo, two weeks of CAP 25 mg t.i.d. alone, and the same dose of CAP in combination with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 50 mg/day. Mean 6-KF and TxB2 (nmol/8 hr post-dosing, respectively) did not differ significantly with any treatment; the mean ratio of 6-KF/TxB2 was also unchanged. Likewise, the excretion of these prostaglandins was also evaluated after placebo, the ACEI enalapril (ENA) (5 or 10 mg/day), and the combination of ENA and HCTZ in another group of 8 patients with essential hypertension. Mean 6-KF and TxB2 (nmol/24 hr post-dosing, respectively) showed no significant treatment-related differences; the mean ratio was again unchanged. No correlation existed between the magnitude of blood pressure responses with any treatment and either 6-KF or TxB2 excretion. Thus, the antihypertensive action of ACEI, alone or in combination with HCTZ, does not appear to involve alterations in these vasoactive prostaglandins.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308685/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6308685
|
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] |
6,308,702 |
Failure of naloxone to reverse apomorphine effects in humans.
|
Rowbotham M C MC, Joseph M S MS, Jones R T RT, Keil L C LC
|
Psychoneuroendocrinology . Vol. 8, No. 1, 1983
|
Twelve male volunteers given apomorphine (20 micrograms/kg/hr) for 40 min by i.v. infusion had significant changes in growth hormone, prolactin, vasopressin, pulse rate, sedation and nausea. Naloxone, (20 mg i.v.) or placebo given in a double-blind manner 10 min before the end of the apomorphine infusion as a concealed bolus did not alter the effects of apomorphine. Vasopressin rise correlated significantly with nausea intensity. We conclude that acute opiate receptor blockade does not reverse most apomorphine effects.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308702/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6308702
|
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6,308,754 |
Mecillinam, a new prophylactic for travellers' diarrhoea. A prospective double-blind study in tourists travelling to Egypt and the Far East.
|
Black F T FT, Gaarslev K K, Orskov F F, Orskov I I, Stenderup A A, Stenderup J J, Christensen O O
|
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases . Vol. 15, No. 2, 1983
|
The efficacy of mecillinam when given orally in preventing travellers' diarrhoea has been studied. Preliminary investigations in volunteers showed that single daily doses of up to 200 mg for 3 weeks were well tolerated. A randomised double-blind study was carried out in a group of tourists visiting Egypt and the Far East. The subjects took either mecillinam (200 mg daily) or placebo for 25 days. 19/36 tourists (53%) taking placebo and 5/38 tourists (13%) taking mecillinam developed travellers' diarrhoea during the treatment period (p less than 0.001). In the placebo group enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LT/ST) were found in 2 cases of diarrhoea and Salmonella in another 2 cases. In the remaining cases of diarrhoea the etiological agent was not found in either of the 2 groups.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308754/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6308754
|
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] |
6,308,755 |
A fixed combination of pivmecillinam and pivampicillin in complicated urinary tract infections. Double-blind comparison with pivmecillinam alone in hospitalized patients.
|
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases . Vol. 15, No. 2, 1983
|
A fixed combination of pivmecillinam-pivampicillin (PMPA) in a dosage of 200 + 250 mg b.i.d. was compared with pivmecillinam (PM) 400 mg b.i.d. in treatment of various types of complicated urinary tract infections in hospital patients. Urinary pathogens sensitive in vitro to both regimens, were eradicated from urine in 28/29 patients on PM and in 37/38 patients on PMPA. During the 10-day treatment, however, a new infection appeared in 10/29 patients on PM compared with 5/38 patients on PMPA. There was a good correlation between bacteriological effect and clinical response, and clinically 22/29 on PMPA showed a success or improvement compared with 14/25 on PM. Both treatments were well tolerated with mild gastrointestinal discomfort as the only side effect.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308755/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6308755
|
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|
6,308,933 |
The Minnesota diabetes complications clinical trial. The first three years.
|
Barbosa J J, Connett J J, Fryd D D, Sutherland D D, Rao V V, Anderson R R, Najarian J J
|
Acta diabetologica latina . Vol. 20, No. 2
|
A prospective and randomized clinical trial of an inception cohort of diabetic kidney recipients to test the hypothesis that maximized metabolic control of diabetes prevents or delays diabetic nephropathy in the renal allografts was initiated approximately three years ago. Notwithstanding the fact that all our diabetic patients were on prednisone and therefore metabolically unstable, we achieved and maintained a clear difference between the standard control (group A) and the maximized control patients (group B). At 13 months of study, the mean fasting blood glucose mg% (A: 242 +/- 22, B: 130 +/- 9, p less than 0.001), nonfasting blood glucose (A: 276 +/- 40, B: 135 +/- 10, p less than 0.001), 24 hour urine glucose (A: 85 +/- 16, B: 5 +/- 1, p less than 0.001), and glycosylated hemoglobin % (A: 13 +/- 0.9, B: 10 +/- 0.8, p less than 0.01) were all clearly and statistically significantly higher for the group A patients. These results show the feasibility of such a trial using the tools available today to treat diabetes.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308933/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6308933
|
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] |
6,308,965 |
Cefotaxime versus ampicillin, methicillin and netilmicin in combination for treatment of febrile episodes in patients with haematologic malignancy.
|
Friis H H, Hoffmann S S, Hansen M M, Hansen M M MM, Justesen T T, Nissen N I NI
|
Acta medica Scandinavica . Vol. 213, No. 5, 1983
|
A prospective, randomized trial comparing treatment of 61 febrile episodes with cefotaxime (CTX) versus a combination of ampicillin, methicillin, and netilmicin (AMN) was carried out in 58 patients with leukaemia or malignant lymphoma, of whom 28 had a granulocyte count of less than or equal to 500 X 10(6)/l. The overall response frequency was 63% for CTX against 49% for the AMN combination, the latter figure being lower than generally reported in the literature. The difference was not statistically significant. In 21 episodes pathogens were isolated, 16 of them from the blood. All isolated bacteria but one, a strain of Bacteroides fragilis, were fully sensitive to at least one of the three antibiotics in the combination, and all but one, a strain of Listeria monocytogenes, were fully sensitive to CTX. These results indicate that CTX seems to be a promising alternative as monotherapy for empiric treatment of febrile episodes in patients with haematologic malignancies. Further investigations will, however, be required before completely rational choices between mono and combination therapy of febrile episodes in immunosuppressed patients can be made.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308965/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6308965
|
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] |
6,308,970 |
Impact of aftercare arrangements on the maintenance of treatment success in abusive drinkers.
|
Ahles T A TA, Schlundt D G DG, Prue D M DM, Rychtarik R G RG
|
Addictive behaviors . Vol. 8, No. 1, 1983
|
Aftercare to prevent relapse following alcohol treatment has not received adequate experimental investigation. The present study monitored alcohol intake of 50 patients following assignment to either an intensive aftercare recruitment procedure or regular clinic aftercare. The results indicated that those who received the intensive aftercare procedure showed delayed relapse. In addition, regardless of group assignment those who attended aftercare had significantly more success as measured by alcohol intake. The implications of these results for the design of treatment and aftercare programs are discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308970/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6308970
|
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] |
6,308,996 |
The hypolipidemic effect of locust bean gum food products in familial hypercholesterolemic adults and children.
|
Zavoral J H JH, Hannan P P, Fields D J DJ, Hanson M N MN, Frantz I D ID, Kuba K K, Elmer P P, Jacobs D R DR
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 38, No. 2, 1983 Aug
|
Seventeen adults and 11 children, a group of 18 familial hypercholesterolemic (FHC) and 10 normal subjects, were fed products with and without locust bean gum (LBG) (8 to 30 g/day) to assess the hypolipidemic effect of LBG. Identical food products with and without LBG were consumed by two groups (A and B) of arbitrarily assigned patients using a cross-over design. Plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured at 2-wk intervals and compared to control feeding periods. In group A, FHC C decreased 10% and LDL-C 11%, normal subjects decreased C 6% and LDL-C 10% (p less than 0.001). In group B, FHC C decreased 17% and LDL-C 19%, normal subjects decreased cholesterol 11%, and LDL-C 6% (p less than 0.001). Cholesterol and LDL-C were lowered in FHC children in both groups. High-density lipoprotein/LDL ratios increased in both groups. The use of food products with LBG in children and adults is a unique approach to treating FHC. LBG food acceptance was good, and there were no significant side effects. LBG in food products appears to be an effective, safe approach to controlling hyperlipidemia.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308996/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6308996
|
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] |
6,309,074 |
Tetrahydrocannabinol for tremor in multiple sclerosis.
|
Clifford D B DB
|
Annals of neurology . Vol. 13, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
Based on one patient's enthusiastic report, eight patients with multiple sclerosis, seriously disabled with tremor and ataxia, were given oral tetrahydrocannabinol. Two demonstrated improved motor coordination.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309074/
|
[
"Case Reports",
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6309074
|
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] |
6,309,116 |
Discharged rehabilitation patients: impact of follow-up surveillance by a friendly visitor.
|
Mor V V, Granger C V CV, Sherwood C C CC
|
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation . Vol. 64, No. 8, 1983 Aug
|
The period after hospital discharge is the most critical for rehabilitation patients returning to a community setting. A friendly visitor surveillance program using nonprofessional volunteers was designed to monitor treatment regimen compliance by alerting medical professionals of impending crises among discharged rehabilitation patients. A randomized experimental design was used to evaluate the impact of 1 year of program exposure on rehospitalization, service use, and psychosocial outcomes experienced by 142 patients. Patients were randomized into 3 groups: friendly visitors (FV) and biannual nursing visits; biannual nursing (RN) visits only; and controls (CON). Over 1/3 of the sample was rehospitalized at least once during the 1-year impact period, yet no differences were found across experimental groups nor patients' diagnostic category. No meaningful pattern of significant differences between the groups was observed at the p less than 0.1 probability level in any of the other outcome areas. The need to alert the medical system of impending patient problems occurred rarely, suggesting that existing informal support systems and regular use of medical services may be sufficient to monitor rehabilitation patients' progress.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309116/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6309116
|
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] |
6,309,204 |
Suxamethonium: a new look at pretreatment.
|
Masey S A SA, Glazebrook C W CW, Goat V A VA
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 55, No. 8, 1983 Aug
|
Fifty patients were pretreated with either suxamethonium 10 mg or gallamine 20 mg before an injection of suxamethonium 1 mg kg-1. The effect of the pretreatment upon neuromuscular transmission was monitored by recording the mechanical response of the adductor pollicis muscle to indirect stimulation, using a 2-Hz train-of-four stimulus repeated every 12 s. The pretreatment injection of suxamethonium caused fasciculation in one-quarter of the patients studied. Significant neuromuscular blockade occurred during pretreatment in 16 of the 25 patients investigated. Pretreatment with gallamine 20 mg predictably decreased the efficacy of the intubating injection of suxamethonium, making intubation more difficult. The frequency of muscle pain was similar in both groups.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309204/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6309204
|
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] |
6,309,314 |
A study of the effect of misonidazole in conjunction with radiotherapy for the treatment of grades 3 and 4 astrocytomas. A report from the MRC Working Party on misonidazole in gliomas.
|
The British journal of radiology . Vol. 56, No. 669, 1983 Sep
|
Four hundred and thirty-six patients were treated between January 1979 and November 1981 in a double-blind randomised study of the effect of the hypoxic cell sensitiser misonidazole (Ro 07-0582, MISO) in conjunction with radiotherapy on grades 3 and 4 astrocytoma. Radiotherapy was given in 20 fractions over 4 weeks to a minimum tumour dose of 4500 cGy. Misonidazole or placebo capsules were taken four to five hours before each radiotherapy treatment to a total dose of 11-13 g m-2. Survival rates at 12 months, among the 384 eligible patients, were similar in the misonidazole treated patients (25%) and those receiving placebo (28%). The estimated hazard ratio was 1.05, indicating a slight disadvantage to misonidazole which was not statistically significant (logrank test: chi 2 = 0.18 on 1 d.f., p = 0.7). Peripheral neuropathy was noted in 11% of the misonidazole group and was mostly mild. Possible reasons for the failure to demonstrate any therapeutic gain from misonidazole are discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309314/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6309314
|
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] |
|
6,309,436 |
The therapeutic use of a new potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, and a converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-421, in preventing hypokalemia associated with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism.
|
Griffing G T GT, Melby J C JC
|
Clinical and experimental hypertension. Part A, Theory and practice . Vol. 5, No. 6, 1983
|
This presentation is a summary of our recent clinical studies on the therapeutic use of a new potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, and a converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-421, in preventing hypokalemia associated with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism. These drugs are quite different in their physiologic action but they both may be effective in preventing the potassium depletion associated with increased aldosterone production. Amiloride, which blocks the sodium channels in distal renal tubular cells, was administered to 10 patients with primary hyperaldosteronism and five patients with Bartter's syndrome (secondary hyperaldosteronism). Amiloride, at doses of 10-40 mg/day, increased mean plasma potassium levels in both primary hyperaldosteronism (3.2-4.5 mEq/L) and, to a lesser extent, in Bartter's syndrome (2.5-3.6 mEq/L). The blood pressure fell slightly but significantly in primary hyperaldosteronism (171/112 vs 150/97 mm Hg) and remained unchanged in Bartter's syndrome (116/80 vs 117/71 mm Hg). The plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone rose in primary aldosteronism (PRA 0.39-2.21 ng A1/m1/h and PA 28.4-54.3 ng/d1); but in Bartter's syndrome, the PRA declined (25.3-11.9 ng A1/m1/h) and the PA rose (19.5-38.0 ng/d1). The discrepancy in the PRA between primary aldosteronism and Bartter's syndrome may be due to the effects of potassium repletion on suppressing renin and stimulating aldosterone; while in primary aldosteronism, a mild diuretic effect could explain the rise in PRA. In both of these disorders, despite the rise in plasma potassium levels, amiloride produced a counter-therapeutic rise in PA which could potentiate further potassium losses. Therefore, we undertook a study to evaluate the prevention of diuretic-induced hypokalemia and secondary hyperaldosteronism using a new converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-421. Eighteen normal subjects were randomized into three groups receiving either (1) hydrochlorothiazide alone (50 mg/day), (2) MK-421 alone (10 mg/day), or (3) hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day) plus MK-421 (10 mg/day). Although MK-421 did not prevent diuretic-induced hypokalemia or hyperaldosteronism in the first week, after that time hypokalemia was reversed and ASR returned to normal. In these studies, it therefore appears that while potassium-sparing diuretics may remain the medical mainstay in treating primary aldosteronism, new converting enzyme inhibitors such as MK-421 may be more effective in treating secondary hyperaldosteronism, since potassium levels can be normalized without increasing aldosterone secretion.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309436/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6309436
|
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] |
6,309,461 |
Enalapril in low-renin essential hypertension.
|
Wilkins L H LH, Dustan H P HP, Walker J F JF, Oparil S S
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 34, No. 3, 1983 Sep
|
The antihypertensive efficacy of N-[(S)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline (enalapril maleate) was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind trial in 23 patients with mild low-renin essential hypertension ranging in age from 32 to 70 yr (20 were black and 3 were white). All underwent a 4-wk washout-placebo phase and were then assigned to a dosing schedule of either 10 mg enalapril once daily, 5 mg enalapril twice daily, or placebo twice daily for 12 wk. Conditional on diastolic pressure, the dose was increased at 4-wk intervals to a maximum of 40 mg daily or until control was achieved or the end of the study reached. At the end of the 12-wk titration phase, there was a follow-up period during which measurements were made after discontinuation of the medication. Mean supine diastolic pressure decreased from baseline (98.5 +/- 2.6 mm Hg) during the titration phase (86.3 +/- 4.6 mm Hg) in the group taking enalapril once daily. In three of the eight patients in the once-daily group and five of eight in the twice-daily group, supine diastolic pressures fell below 90 mm Hg. Neither supine nor standing systolic pressure nor standing diastolic pressure decreased significantly from pretreatment levels during enalapril once or twice daily. Heart rates measured after 5 min supine rest were not altered by enalapril. Enalapril induced inhibition of converting enzyme activity at all dose levels and with both dosing schedules. No adverse effect attributable to enalapril occurred during the study. The data indicate that once-daily enalapril is safe and effective treatment for mild low-renin essential hypertension.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309461/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6309461
|
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] |
6,309,467 |
Ranitidine: a new H2-receptor antagonist.
|
Berner B D BD, Conner C S CS, Sawyer D R DR, Siepler J K JK
|
Clinical pharmacy . Vol. 1, No. 6
|
The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, drug interactions, and dosage of ranitidine are reviewed; specific comparisons are made of this new H2-receptor antagonist with the older agent, cimetidine. Ranitidine is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion whose chemical structure lacks the imidazole group previously believed to be essential for H2-receptor blocking activity. The new agent does not bind substantially to the cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidase system and does not penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid appreciably. Peak serum ranitidine concentrations occur within one to two hours after oral administration; approximately 50% of an oral dose reaches systemic circulation. There are at least three metabolites of ranitidine, but substantial fractions of both i.v. and oral doses are recovered unchanged in the urine. Ranitidine's duration of action is 8-12 hours. Controlled clinical trials have shown ranitidine to be effective in the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and prophylaxis against aspiration during anesthesia. Ranitidine has been effective in patients unresponsive to or intolerant of cimetidine. In clinical trials, the incidence of adverse effects from ranitidine has been low; certain rare but serious side effects that have been noted with cimetidine have not been associated with ranitidine therapy. There is no evidence thus far that certain drug-drug interactions observed with cimetidine therapy will occur with ranitidine. Oral adult daily doses of ranitidine are likely to be 300 mg given as the hydrochloride salt in two divided doses. Ranitidine is similar to cimetidine in efficacy but has an apparently safer adverse-effects profile. Ranitidine is likely to be the preferred agent in certain clinical situations.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309467/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Review"
] |
6309467
|
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] |
6,309,528 |
Effects of intensive chemotherapy on respiratory function in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung.
|
Sørensen P G PG, Osterlind K K, Groth S S, Dombernowsky P P
|
European journal of cancer & clinical oncology . Vol. 19, No. 7, 1983 Jul
|
The lung function of 30 consecutive patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung was evaluated before and 3 months after initiation of intensive chemotherapy. Radiological evaluation of the therapeutic effect on the lung tumor was possible in 19 patients after 3 months. Six patients achieved complete normalization of the chest X-ray, 10 patients achieved more than 50% reduction of the tumor and no or minimal changes in the radiological image were observed in 3 patients. Before treatment a mixed pattern of obstructive and restrictive lung disease was observed in all patients. In the 16 patients who achieved partial or complete remission of the tumor normalization of the total lung capacity (P less than 0.02), vital capacity (P less than 0.02), FEV1 (P less than 0.02) and PEF (P less than 0.05) was observed independently of the degree of shrinkage of the tumor on chest roentgenogram, thus suggesting that the tumor was the major cause of the lung function impairment in these patients. The diffusion capacity and parameters reflecting the function of the small airways (RV/TLC% and MEF50) remained abnormal after treatment. Improvement of the lung function did not predict the individual duration of survival. However, the study proved that roentgenological normalization is paralleled by physiological normalization with the current treatment of this disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309528/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6309528
|
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] |
6,309,542 |
A novel bronchodilator xanthine apparently without adenosine receptor antagonism and tremorogenic effect.
|
Lunell E E, Svedmyr N N, Andersson K E KE, Persson C G CG
|
European journal of respiratory diseases . Vol. 64, No. 5, 1983 Jul
|
Enprofylline is a potent bronchodilating xanthine derivative that has been shown to have little or no ability to antagonize adenosine in a variety of cell types. In eight patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, a single dose of enprofylline (3.5 mg/kg) was given orally. A double blind, randomized, crossover comparison was made with oral theophylline (9.5 mg/kg) which is a potent and general adenosine receptor antagonist. Forced expiratory volume (FEV1), vital capacity, tremor of hands, heart rate, and blood pressure were followed for 6 h. Plasma concentrations of both drugs were monitored. At doses producing significant bronchodilation, theophylline caused a significant increase in tremor of hands whereas enprofylline did not. There were no significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure after either drug. It is suggested that the lack of tremorogenic effect of enprofylline is related to its lack of CNS-stimulating behavioural effects and, hence, may reflect its low tendency to antagonize neuro-depressant actions of adenosine. The adenosine-blocking mechanism may not be important for the bronchodilating effects of xanthines.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309542/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6309542
|
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] |
6,309,637 |
Ranitidine vs metoclopramide in the medical treatment of reflux esophagitis.
|
Guslandi M M, Testoni P A PA, Passaretti S S, Masci E E, Ballarin E E, Comin U U, Marchi R R, Ronchi G G, Tittobello A A
|
Hepato-gastroenterology . Vol. 30, No. 3, 1983 Jun
|
45 patients with symptomatic reflux esophagitis were randomly treated with either Ranitidine (150 mg b.i.d.) or Metoclopramide (10 mg t.i.d.) for six weeks. The severity of dyspeptic symptoms and the grade of endoscopic and histological esophagitis were assessed before and after treatment. Both drugs proved significantly effective in inducing symptomatic and endoscopic improvement, but Ranitidine appeared significantly superior in promoting disappearance or improvement of endoscopic esophagitis. Moreover Ranitidine was found to significantly reduce the severity of histological changes, whereas Metoclopramide was unable to do so.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309637/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6309637
|
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] |
6,309,710 |
Neutron therapy for head and neck cancer: I. A final report of the MDAH-TAMVEC pilot studies.
|
Maor M H MH, Hussey D H DH, Barkely H T HT, Peters L J LJ
|
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics . Vol. 9, No. 9, 1983 Sep
|
Between October 1972 and December 1979, 142 patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated in neutron-therapy pilot studies. Forty-nine patients were treated with neutron irradiation twice weekly, 17 with neutron irradiation four times per week, 31 with mixed-schedule irradiation (two neutron and three photon fractions per week), and 45 with conventional treatment (surgery, photon irradiation, or combined surgery and photon irradiation). The tumor was locally controlled in 47% of patients treated with irradiation twice weekly, in 29% of those treated with neutron irradiation four times per week, in 45% of those treated with mixed-schedule irradiation, and in 44% of those treated with conventional modalities. The complication rates were 18%, 6%, 0%, and 20%, respectively. On the basis of this experience, a prospective randomized trial comparing mixed-schedule and photon irradiation for advanced head and neck cancer was initiated in January, 1977.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309710/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6309710
|
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] |
6,309,730 |
Effect of two antibiotics on human granulocyte activities.
|
Grant M M, Raeburn J A JA, Sutherland R R, Harkness R A RA, Gormley I P IP, Kowolik M J MJ
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 11, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
As part of a study of the effects of antibiotic therapy upon human phagocytes, ampicillin and cefaclor were each administered orally to nine healthy adult subjects in a single dose of 500 mg. There was a significant difference in their effects on neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) (EC.1.11.1.7) activity (P less than 0.05) in that ampicillin depressed, but cefaclor enhanced, the measured enzyme activity. Concomitantly ampicillin decreased but cefaclor increased, the rate of phagocytosis of staphylococci, the effects of the two antibiotics also being significantly different (P less than 0.05). Direct measurements of intracellular killing of staphylococci did not change. In four patients with chronic bacterial infections who had low levels of neutrophil MPO activity, treatment with cefaclor led to a significant increase in the MPO levels to within the normal range. Three patients responded satisfactorily to cefaclor despite having previously filed to respond to antibiotics which were similarly active in vitro against the causative bacteria. These findings lead us to suggest that, in patients with chronic refractory infections, attention must be given to the effect of drugs on the host defences in addition to a careful choice of the most active antibacterial agent.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309730/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6309730
|
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] |
6,309,882 |
Site of action of low dose ketoconazole on androgen biosynthesis in men.
|
Santen R J RJ, Van den Bossche H H, Symoens J J, Brugmans J J, DeCoster R R
|
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism . Vol. 57, No. 4, 1983 Oct
|
Ketoconazole inhibits testosterone biosynthesis in men, but the exact site of its action on the androgen pathway remains to be established. To examine this question, we measured several steroids in the androgen and glucocorticoid pathways in normal men before and after receiving either a single dose of 200 mg ketoconazole or placebo in a cross-over randomized trial. Total and free plasma testosterone fell to levels 60% below basal within 4-8 h (P less than 0.02 in all) and then returned to control concentrations by 24 h after drug administration. The transient alterations of plasma testosterone correlated well with ketoconazole blood levels, which peaked at 2 h and fell exponentially thereafter. A compensatory increase in plasma LH at 24 h in the drug but not placebo group was consistent with the decrease in plasma testosterone. The levels of plasma androstenedione paralleled those of testosterone in the ketoconazole-treated subjects. In marked contrast, plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone increased at 4-8 h (all P less than 0.02) before returning to basal values at 24 h. This rise in precursor with fall in product steroid implicated an effect of ketoconazole on the C17-20 lyase enzyme. This conclusion was supported by the highly significant increase in the ratio of plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione observed between 2 and 24 h after drug administration. The effect of ketoconazole at this dose level appeared relatively specific, since no decrements in plasma cortisol or 11-desoxycortisol were found. During chronic administration of 200 mg ketoconazole daily, decrements of plasma testosterone 2-4 h after drug administration were minimal and documented only by paired comparisons within subjects but not by unpaired tests between normal men and men receiving drug. The lack of major effects on testosterone levels long term at this dosage probably explain why few androgen-related side effects with this drug were previously reported. Ketoconazole, therefore, represents another compound with relatively selective effects on a cytochrome P-450-mediated steroid hydroxylation step, namely that involved with C17-20 lyase.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309882/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6309882
|
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] |
6,309,918 |
A comparative study of the efficacy of ACTH4-9 analog, methylphenidate, and placebo on attention deficit disorder with hyperkinesis.
|
Butter H J HJ, Lapierre Y Y, Firestone P P, Blank A A
|
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology . Vol. 3, No. 4, 1983 Aug
|
The present study compared the behavioral performance of 30 children with attention deficit disorder with hyperkinesis (HK) on electrophysiological, biochemical, behavioral, and psychometric measurements. HK children were partitioned into cells of 10 and were then treated with placebo, methylphenidate, and adrenocorticotropic hormone fractions (ACTH4-9 analog), respectively, in a double-blind randomized cell sequence according to body weight. The results revealed that HK children on methylphenidate manifested a significantly greater vasomotor reactivity, behavioral improvement, and learning receptivity than did HK children taking ACTH4-9 analog and/or placebo. Future research implications with ACTH4-9 and HK children are discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309918/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6309918
|
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] |
6,309,993 |
A comparison of three dosage regimens of sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya.
|
Chulay J D JD, Bhatt S M SM, Muigai R R, Ho M M, Gachihi G G, Were J B JB, Chunge C C, Bryceson A D AD
|
The Journal of infectious diseases . Vol. 148, No. 1, 1983 Jul
|
A prospective randomized trial of three dosage regimens of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam; Wellcome Foundation, London) to treat visceral leishmaniasis was conducted. Previously untreated patients were randomized to receive 31 doses of sodium stibogluconate (10 mg Sb/kg of body weight per dose) administered once daily for 31 days (group A), every 12 hr for 15 days (group B), or every 8 hr for 10 days (group C). Of the 29 patients who completed treatment, seven of 10 in group B and all of the patients in groups A and C responded to treatment and remained well for one year. One patient in group B failed to respond to treatment, and two others in group B initially responded to treatment but relapsed six weeks after discharge. None of the treatment regimens was toxic. Parasites disappeared from splenic aspirates most quickly and hemoglobin levels rose most rapidly in patients receiving sodium stibogluconate every 8 hr. Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya with sodium stibogluconate at a dose of 10 mg Sb/kg every 8 hr for 10 days appears to be a safe alternative to conventional treatment. Its efficacy should be confirmed in a larger number of patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309993/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
6309993
|
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] |
6,310,053 |
Beta-adrenoreceptor mechanisms in essential tremor; a double-blind placebo controlled trial of metoprolol, sotalol and atenolol.
|
Leigh P N PN, Jefferson D D, Twomey A A, Marsden C D CD
|
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry . Vol. 46, No. 8, 1983 Aug
|
In order to elucidate the mode of action of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in essential tremor, the efficacy of chronic oral administration of metoprolol, atenolol and sotalol was compared in a randomised, double-blind placebo controlled trial in twenty-four patients. Only sotalol proved superior to placebo on both subjective and "objective" assessments. Metoprolol and sotalol produced comparable degrees of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonism as judged by the blockade of standing tachycardia. Atenolol, in the dose used, produced a trend towards a greater cardiac chronotropic effect. These findings provide no support for the concept that central or peripheral beta 1-adrenoreceptor mechanisms are important in essential tremor. The beneficial effect of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists may be mediated predominantly through peripheral beta 2-adrenoreceptor mechanisms.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310053/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6310053
|
[
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] |
6,310,075 |
Lubricant versus laxative in the treatment of chronic functional constipation of children: a comparative study.
|
Sondheimer J M JM, Gervaise E P EP
|
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition . Vol. 1, No. 2, 1982
|
The efficacy of two medications commonly used in treatment of chronic functional constipation of children (CFC) was compared. Thirty-seven children (aged 3-12 years) with typical CFC were assigned at random to treatment with mineral oil or standardized senna concentrate (Senokot). The results of follow-up evaluations at 1, 3, and greater than 6 months indicate that symptom control (fecal soiling and decreased stool frequency) was significantly better in mineral-oil-treated patients. At least one recurrence of symptoms occurred in 66% of mineral-oil-treated and 89% of Senokot-treated patients. However, recurrences appeared later and less frequently in mineral-oil-treated patients. After 6 months, 55% of those treated with mineral oil had successfully discontinued regular medication. After 6 months, only 22% of Senokot-treated patients had successfully discontinued medication, while an additional 33% had stopped taking medication because of poor symptom control.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310075/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6310075
|
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] |
6,310,241 |
Chronic renal failure and vitamin D metabolites: a status report.
|
Christiansen C C
|
Journal of steroid biochemistry . Vol. 19, No. 1B, 1983 Jul
|
Seventeen undialysed adult patients with chronic renal failure took part in a controlled study of the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and D3. After a 6-month observation period the patients were allocated at random to 2 groups for 6 months of treatment with either 1,25(OH)2D3 (mean dose 0.5 micrograms daily) or D3 (dose 100 micrograms daily). Treatment was then discontinued and the patients were studied for a further 3 months. The patients as a group initially had a moderate renal osteodystrophy. During treatment serum iPTH decreased in both groups but most markedly in the 1,25(OH)2D3 group in which the iPTH values became normal. Serum creatinine increased during treatment in both groups, in the group receiving 1,25(OH)2D3 this was coupled with an increase in serum calcium to within the normal range. Our data demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in patients with chronic renal failure leads to a further reduction in renal function, which may be partially reversible. Physicians should therefore be reluctant to give vitamin D analogues to patients with chronic renal failure unless they have severe symptomatic renal osteodystrophy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310241/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6310241
|
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6,310,464 |
Cefotaxime sodium therapy for endomyometritis following cesarean section: dose-finding and comparative studies.
|
Hemsell D L DL, Cunningham F G FG, DePalma R T RT, Nobles B J BJ, Heard M M, Hemsell P G PG
|
Obstetrics and gynecology . Vol. 62, No. 4, 1983 Oct
|
One hundred eighteen women who developed endomyometritis after cesarean section in Parkland Memorial Hospital were treated with parenteral cefotaxime sodium. The requirement for additional antimicrobial therapy was significantly higher at an initial daily dose of 3 g/day (16.4%) than when the dose was 6 g/day (4.8%) (P less than .05). The latter clinical efficacy and the observed in vitro susceptibility of 88% of isolates indicate that cefotaxime is well suited for single-agent parenteral therapy for this polymicrobial pelvic infection. Subsequently, 120 women with the same diagnosis were randomly treated with cefotaxime or clindamycin and gentamicin. Patient populations, surgical variables, in vitro microbiologic data, and side effects were similar for both groups. Clinical success observed was also similar: it was 97.5% for women given cefotaxime and 95% for women given clindamycin and gentamicin.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310464/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6310464
|
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] |
6,310,812 |
Treatment of obstruction of the superior vena cava by combination chemotherapy with and without irradiation in small-cell carcinoma of the bronchus.
|
Spiro S G SG, Shah S S, Harper P G PG, Tobias J S JS, Geddes D M DM, Souhami R L RL
|
Thorax . Vol. 38, No. 7, 1983 Jul
|
In a randomised prospective trial of chemotherapy with and without radiotherapy in small-cell carcinoma of the bronchus, 37 of 366 patients presented with obstruction of the superior vena cava at the time of diagnosis. In the study all patients received four cycles of combination chemotherapy over a period of 12 weeks and, provided there was not progressive disease, then received either radiotherapy to the mediastinum and primary tumour followed by eight further courses of chemotherapy or eight cycles of chemotherapy alone. Of the 37 patients presenting with superior vena caval obstruction, nine had relapsed and treatment was stopped during or after the initial four cycles of chemotherapy. Of the remainder, 15 patients received radiotherapy plus chemotherapy and 13 chemotherapy alone. After four cycles of chemotherapy (12 weeks) 21 of the 37 patients had initial complete relief of symptoms secondary to superior vena caval obstruction, 10 had substantial but partial relief, and six had no relief. Twelve patients developed recurrence of superior vena caval obstruction, of whom six had received radiotherapy and four chemotherapy alone; two relapsed in the initial 12 weeks of the study. The median survival of the patients with superior vena caval obstruction allocated at diagnosis to either treatment arm was identical. The survival of patients with obstruction was similar to that of other patients in the main study. Chemotherapy is an effective treatment for superior vena caval obstruction and there appears to be no additional advantage in giving radiotherapy after 12 weeks of cyclical chemotherapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310812/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6310812
|
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6,310,833 |
A controlled trial of cyclosporine in renal transplantation with conversion to azathioprine and prednisolone after three months.
|
Morris P J PJ, French M E ME, Dunnill M S MS, Hunnisett A G AG, Ting A A, Thompson J F JF, Wood R F RF
|
Transplantation . Vol. 36, No. 3, 1983 Sep
|
Thirty-five patients given an HLA-DR-incompatible cadaver kidney that was diuresing immediately after transplantation were randomly allocated to treatment with cyclosporine alone for 3 months followed by conversion to azathioprine and prednisolone (AP), or to conventional treatment with AP. Although many patients had to be converted to AP before 90 days because of rejection requiring more than two treatment courses of high-dose i.v. methylprednisolone, 16 of 21 grafts were functioning at 3 months, and 12 of 14 grafts in the control group were functioning. However 3 further grafts were lost from chronic rejection in the control group, and none were lost from chronic rejection in the cyclosporine group. All but one patient on cyclosporine had depressed renal function, and in all these patients function improved on conversion to AP. This depression of renal function is attributed both to cyclosporine nephrotoxicity and to a low-grade rejection reaction, the latter suggesting that the addition of steroids to cyclosporine might be beneficial in some patients. The strategy of a three-month course of cyclosporine followed by conversion to AP provides satisfactory immunosuppression, and it may be of value if long-term side effects of cyclosporine emerge with further experience.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310833/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6310833
|
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6,310,832 |
Early infections in kidney, heart, and liver transplant recipients on cyclosporine.
|
Dummer J S JS, Hardy A A, Poorsattar A A, Ho M M
|
Transplantation . Vol. 36, No. 3, 1983 Sep
|
Eighty-one renal, seventeen heart, and twenty-four liver transplant patients were followed for infection. Seventeen renal patients received azathioprine (Aza) and prednisone as part of a randomized trial of immunosuppression with 21 cyclosporine-and-prednisone-treated renal transplant patients. All others received cyclosporine and prednisone. The randomized Aza patients had more overall infections (P less than 0.05) and more nonviral infections (P less than 0.02) than the randomized cyclosporine patients. Heart and liver patients had more infections than cyclosporine renal patients but fewer infections than the Aza renal patients. There were no infectious deaths in renal transplant patients on cyclosporine or Aza, but infection played a major role in 3 out of 6 cardiac transplant deaths and in 8 out of 9 liver transplant deaths. Renal patients on cyclosporine had the fewest bacteremias. Analysis of site of infection showed a preponderance of abdominal infections in liver patients, intrathoracic infections in heart patients, and urinary tract infections in renal patients. Pulmonary infections were less common in cyclosporine-treated renal patients than in Aza-treated patients (P less than 0.05). Aza patients had significantly more staphylococcal infections than all other transplant groups (P less than 0.005), and systemic fungal infections occurred only in the liver transplant group. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) shedding or serological rises in antibody titer, or both occurred in 78% of cyclosporine patients and 76% of Aza patients. Of the cyclosporine patients, 15% had symptoms related to CMV infection. Serological evidence for Epstein Barr Virus infection was found in 20% of 65 cyclosporine patients studied. Three had associated symptoms, and one developed a lymphoma.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310832/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6310832
|
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] |
6,310,983 |
Effectiveness of central parenteral nutrition versus peripheral parenteral nutrition plus enteral nutrition in reversing protein-energy malnutrition in children with advanced neuroblastoma and Wilms' tumor: a prospective randomized study.
|
Rickard K A KA, Foland B B BB, Detamore C M CM, Coates T D TD, Grosfeld J L JL, White N M NM, Weetman R M RM, Provisor A J AJ, Loghmani E S ES, Oei T O TO, Yu P L PL, Baehner R L RL
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 38, No. 3, 1983 Sep
|
The effectiveness of central parenteral nutrition (CPN) versus peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) plus enteral nutrition in reversing protein-energy malnutrition was evaluated in 19 children (nine CPN, 10 PPN) with advanced neuroblastoma or Wilms' tumor. Weekly dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical measurements were compared for 15 patients (eight CPN, seven PPN) who completed more than 25 days of nutrition support. The groups had similar mean energy and protein intakes (CPN: 95 +/- 5% of healthy children, 2.5 +/- 0.3 g/kg; PPN: 102 +/- 5% of healthy children, 2.9 +/- 0.3 g/kg). Increases in weight (p less than 0.001), subscapular skinfold thickness (p less than 0.001), albumin (p less than 0.05), and transferrin (p less than 0.05) for the first 28 days were significant and did not differ between groups. Fever, sepsis, elevated SGOT, and severe anemia occurred with both CPN and PPN. PPN resulted in subcutaneous infiltrations and more psychological trauma. PPN with enteral nutrition seems most appropriate for short term intravenous nutrition support or as a temporary substitute for CPN; CPN is preferred for long-term support.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310983/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6310983
|
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] |
6,310,996 |
Amdinocillin plus cefoxitin versus cefoxitin alone in therapy of mixed soft tissue infections (including diabetic foot infections).
|
File T M TM, Tan J S JS
|
The American journal of medicine . Vol. 75, No. 2A, 1983 Aug 29
|
In a randomized comparative trial, 45 patients were treated with amdinocillin plus cefoxitin or cefoxitin alone for bacterial soft tissue infections. Most patients were diabetic and had polymicrobial foot infections. The combination of amdinocillin plus cefoxitin was active in vitro against 71 percent of the isolates obtained before therapy as compared with 65 percent for cefoxitin alone. The combination demonstrated synergy for 29 percent of the isolates tested. A satisfactory clinical response occurred in 90 percent and 71 percent of patients treated with the combination regimen and cefoxitin, respectively, (p greater than 0.1). An increase in serum creatinine thought to be due to interstitial nephritis occurred in one patient treated with the combination regimen. The combination of amdinocillin and cefoxitin was effective in mixed soft tissue infections including diabetic foot infections.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310996/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6310996
|
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] |
6,310,997 |
Efficacy of amdinocillin and lack of nephrotoxicity when combined with a second beta-lactam antibiotic for therapy of serious gram-negative bacillary infections.
|
Sattler F R FR, Hall S S, Hanna C E CE, Green E A EA
|
The American journal of medicine . Vol. 75, No. 2A, 1983 Aug 29
|
Seventy-eight patients with serious gram-negative bacillary infections were assigned at random to receive either amdinocillin or an aminoglycoside. In addition, each patient was also given a broad-spectrum penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotic. The clinical response to treatment was comparable in the two groups. Cures were effected in 35 (92 percent) of 38 patients treated with amdinocillin and a beta-lactam antibiotic, compared with 37 (93 percent) of 40 patients who were treated with an aminoglycoside/beta-lactam combination. For the entire group, only five (7 percent) of the 75 infecting organisms were resistant in vitro to the treatment beta-lactam or amdinocillin combination, and similarly only two (3 percent) organisms were resistant to the treatment aminoglycoside (p = 0.44). Although drug-related toxicity occurred with equal frequency in the two groups, six patients treated with an aminoglycoside experienced nephrotoxicity compared with none of the patients who received amdinocillin (p = 0.034). Thus, amdinocillin plus a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic may provide suitable empiric therapy for many patients with presumed gram-negative infection and so avoid the risk of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6310997/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6310997
|
[
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6,311,000 |
Randomized trial of cefamandole plus amdinocillin versus cefamandole in serious pediatric infections.
|
Nelson J D JD, Kusmiesz H H, Shelton S S
|
The American journal of medicine . Vol. 75, No. 2A, 1983 Aug 29
|
In a randomized, prospective clinical trial cefamandole therapy was compared with cefamandole plus amdinocillin in infants and children with suspected bacterial infections. Fifty-two infections in 50 patients with bone and joint (19 infections), pulmonary (19 infections), soft tissue (eight infections), and urinary tract (6 infections) diseases were treated. Bacterial infection was documented in 31 patients. All isolates were susceptible to cefamandole except one strain of Serratia marcescens, which was susceptible to the combination. In vitro synergy was demonstrated in all coliform bacilli, in three of seven Haemophilus strains, and in six of 16 gram-positive cocci. No correlation between degree of serum bactericidal activity and presence or absence of synergy could be demonstrated. One patient treated with cefamandole died; all other patients responded promptly to therapy without serious adverse drug effects.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311000/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6311000
|
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] |
6,311,009 |
Review of clinical experience with amdinocillin monotherapy and comparative studies.
|
Demos C H CH, Green E E
|
The American journal of medicine . Vol. 75, No. 2A, 1983 Aug 29
|
Activity against gram-negative bacilli and frequent synergism with other beta-lactam antibiotics were demonstrated by amdinocillin in urinary tract infections, urosepsis, and in a variety of other infections. In a prospective study, 299 patients were assigned at random to receive amdinocillin or another antibiotic considered standard treatment for the infection. The majority of infections were of the urinary tract, and 58 of 59 patients treated with amdinocillin responded clinically, with cures in 49. Of the 52 patients treated with tobramycin or other comparative agents, 49 responded, and 42 were cured. Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae were the usual pathogens. Immediately after treatment, 90 percent of urine samples were negative in both treatment groups. At four to six weeks follow-up, relapse or reinfection rates were about 20 percent in either group. Miscellaneous infections were treated with either amdinocillin or a comparative agent. Eleven of 15 infections responded favorably to amdinocillin, and seven were cured. Adverse effects were usually mild and characteristic of the penicillins.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311009/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Review"
] |
6311009
|
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6,311,152 |
A comparison of upper abdominal wound closure with monofilament nylon and polyglycolic acid.
|
Askew A R AR
|
The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery . Vol. 53, No. 4, 1983 Aug
|
In a trial of 104 consecutive patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery, 62 wounds were closed with continuous layered nylon and 42 with interrupted mass PGA sutures. All wounds were closed by one surgeon. There was a significantly greater incidence of wound infection (P less than 0.01) and incisional hernia (P less than 0.05) in the group closed with PGA. Wounds closed with PGA took longer to suture (1.00 min/cm) than wounds closed with nylon (0.76 min/cm), a highly significant difference (P less than 0.001). From this study it is recommended that upper abdominal surgical wounds should be closed with a continuous nylon suture.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311152/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article"
] |
6311152
|
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] |
6,311,242 |
Differing effects of pectin, cellulose and lignin on stool pH, transit time and weight.
|
Hillman L L, Peters S S, Fisher A A, Pomare E W EW
|
The British journal of nutrition . Vol. 50, No. 2, 1983 Sep
|
Randomized cross-over studies were undertaken to determine the effects of daily dietary supplements of pectin (12 g/d), cellulose (15 g/d) and lignin (12 g/d) on stool characteristics of healthy volunteers. Detailed dietary records were kept throughout the study. Stool collections over 48 h were used to determine mean stool pH and weight. The single stool transit time was measured using radio-opaque markers. Pectin did not significantly alter the mean stool pH, transit time or 24 h wet weight. Cellulose lowered the mean stool pH from 6.38 to 6.12, decreased mean stool transit time by 27% and increased mean wet stool weight by 57%. Lignin lowered the mean pH from 6.34 to 6.25, decreased the stool transit time by 20% and increased stool weight by 27% but these changes were not statistically significant. These findings have shown that individual fibre components have different colonic metabolic effects and support the view that associations between dietary fibre intakes and diseases such as colorectal cancer should be evaluated with regard to the type of fibre components consumed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311242/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6311242
|
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] |
6,311,477 |
Increased renal plasma flow in long-term enalapril treatment of hypertension.
|
Simon G G, Morioka S S, Snyder D K DK, Cohn J N JN
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 34, No. 4, 1983 Oct
|
The renal effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with enalapril were evaluated in 34 subjects (age, 53 yr; range, 27 to 65) with mild, uncomplicated hypertension. After receiving placebo for 4 wk, subjects were randomly assigned to groups receiving incremental doses of enalapril (10, 20, or 40 mg/day for 4 wk each) in a single morning dose or two divided doses, or of placebo. One subject who received enalapril developed acute renal failure by the end of the study. There was no evidence of glomerular or tubular damage in the other subjects; as measured by 24-hr urinary protein excretion, urinary activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and uric acid clearance. During treatment with enalapril, renal plasma flow (measured with 131I-iodohippurate sodium) and glomerular filtration rate increased by 12.1% and 6.8%. Changes in renal plasma flow correlated inversely with age and final mean arterial pressure and correlated positively with initial plasma renin activity of subjects. Except for an occasional idiosyncratic adverse reaction, enalapril is a safe and effective antihypertensive drug with the unique ability to increase renal function despite a fall in renal perfusion pressure.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311477/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6311477
|
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] |
6,311,503 |
The clinical use of intravenous acyclovir.
|
Hopefl A W AW
|
Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy . Vol. 17, No. 9, 1983 Sep
|
Acyclovir (acycloguanosine) is a new antiviral compound with activity against certain herpes viruses. Acyclovir is phosphorylated preferentially in virus-infected cells into its active form, acyclovir triphosphate, an inhibitor of viral-induced DNA polymerase. Acyclovir, which possesses an acyclic carbohydrate moiety, also causes premature DNA chain termination. Acyclovir has shown clinical activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus (VZV), but its usefulness in cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and chronic hepatitis B infections requires further study. In randomized clinical trials of infections caused by HSV and VZV, intravenous acyclovir has been shown to shorten the duration of viral shedding and lesion pain and hasten the resolution of skin lesions, with minimal toxicity.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311503/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Review"
] |
6311503
|
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] |
6,311,692 |
Single nocturnal dose of an H2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
|
Gledhill T T, Howard O M OM, Buck M M, Paul A A, Hunt R H RH
|
Gut . Vol. 24, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
Twenty four hour intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid output have been measured over five separate 24 hour periods in each of 12 patients with duodenal ulcer receiving either placebo, cimetidine 400 mg bd, cimetidine 300 mg nocte, ranitidine 150 mg bd, or ranitidine 300 mg nocte. In these doses ranitidine was significantly more effective at decreasing intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid output than cimetidine. There was no significant difference between twice daily ranitidine and night time ranitidine or between twice daily cimetidine and night time cimetidine in the reduction of intragastric acidity. Nocturnal acid output was controlled significantly better with ranitidine at night, twice daily dosage of ranitidine, and cimetidine at night, than by the twice daily dosage of cimetidine. It is suggested that a single nocturnal dose of cimetidine or ranitidine should be evaluated in a clinical trial.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311692/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6311692
|
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6,311,693 |
Treatment of reflux oesophagitis with ranitidine.
|
Wesdorp I C IC, Dekker W W, Klinkenberg-Knol E C EC
|
Gut . Vol. 24, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
The efficacy of ranitidine was evaluated using a two-staged trial in patients with endoscopically moderate or severe reflux oesophagitis. The results of a six week double blind placebo controlled trial (stage I) in 36 patients shows that ranitidine (150 mg bd) is superior to placebo in the acute treatment with significant symptomatic improvement concerning heartburn and regurgitation, and in healing or improvement of endoscopic lesions. Prolonged treatment with ranitidine for another six weeks (stage II) proved to be effective in more resistant cases. No clinical side effects or significant biochemical changes were noted during this trial.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311693/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6311693
|
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] |
6,311,774 |
"Bolus" methylprednisolone versus ACTH in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
|
Abbruzzese G G, Gandolfo C C, Loeb C C
|
Italian journal of neurological sciences . Vol. 4, No. 2, 1983 Jun
|
Two groups of 30 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were randomly treated with corticotrophin (ACTH) and "bolus" 6-methylprednisolone (B/6-MP) to compare the effectiveness of the two treatments. Both ACTH and B/6-MP showed a similar effect, improving acute neurological deficits of MS patients without modifying the long term course of the disease. B/6-MP, showing prompt effectiveness and lack of side effects, may be regarded as a useful alternative to conventional treatment of MS.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311774/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6311774
|
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] |
6,311,782 |
Prospective randomized comparative studies of mezlocillin/cefotaxime vs. gentamicin/cefoxitin.
|
Kosmidis J J, Daikos G K GK
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 11 Suppl C, 1983 May
|
In 54 patients suffering from a variety of severe systemic infections the combination of mezlocillin (4 g iv 6-hourly) plus cefotaxime (2 g iv 8-hourly) was compared to that of gentamicin (1.5 mg/kg im or iv 8-hourly) plus cefoxitin (2 g iv 6-hourly). In the gentamicin/cefoxitin group metronidazole (500 mg iv 8-hourly) was added for anaerobic infections. Treatment assignment was randomized. The patients' diagnoses were: pyelonephritis (24), pneumonia (14), infected burns (9), osteomyelitis (2), and abdominal infections (5). Pathogens included: Escherichia coli (31), other Enterobacteriaceae (21), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13), anaerobes (4), and others (2). Treatment with mezlocillin/cefotaxime cured 20 (74%) of 27 patients and caused improvement in 5, while in 19 (70%) patients the pathogens were eradicated. In the gentamicin/cefoxitin group 17 (63%) of 27 patients were cured and 6 improved, while in 15 (56%) pathogens were eradicated. One patient in the first group developed a rash, while in the second group two patients developed thrombophlebitis and another two transient nephrotoxicity. The combination of mezlocillin and cefotaxime can be recommended for the rational and empirical treatment of serious systemic infections.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311782/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6311782
|
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] |
6,311,785 |
Effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime.
|
LeBel M M, Paone R P RP, Lewis G P GP
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12, No. 2, 1983 Aug
|
The effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime was studied. Twelve healthy male volunteers first received 1 g of ceftizoxime either by iv rapid injection or by im injection. One week later, each subject was again given a similar dose of ceftizoxime, one hour after the ingestion of 1 g of probenecid. Serum and urinary concentrations were determined by a HPLC method. Ceftizoxime half-life was increased by probenecid from 1.7 to 2.3 h in the iv group, and 1.9 to 2.8 h in the im group (P less than 0.05, paired t-test). Probenecid increased the area under the serum concentration-time curve by 49% in both groups. There was no significant change in the volume of distribution following probenecid. This study confirms that ceftizoxime is eliminated by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion and that the latter is inhibited by probenecid.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311785/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6311785
|
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6,311,790 |
Randomized study of ceftazidime versus gentamicin plus cefotaxime for infections in severe granulocytopenic patients.
|
de Pauw B E BE, Kauw F F, Muytjens H H, Williams K J KJ, Bothof T T
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl A, 1983 Jul
|
A randomized study of gentamicin plus cefotaxime versus ceftazidime alone was performed in 87 patients, with a neutrophil count of less than 1000/mm3 at the start of the treatment. The overall cure rate for the ceftazidime group was 71% and for the gentamicin plus cefotaxime 47%. This difference was shown to be statistically significant at a level of P less than 0.05. The cure rates for the microbiologically proven infections were 90 and 63% respectively. Serious adverse effects, causing preliminary withdrawal of therapy, have not been observed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311790/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6311790
|
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6,311,789 |
Perioperative use of ceftazidime as a prophylactic agent in transurethral surgery.
|
Childs S J SJ, Mirelman S S, Wells W G WG
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl A, 1983 Jul
|
Sixty-eight patients undergoing transurethral surgery were randomly assigned to receive either a single dose of ceftazidime (31 patients) preoperatively, or three doses of cefotaxime (34 patients) perioperatively, as prophylaxis. In this study, only 1/20 male patients (5%), and none of the female patients, developed an infection. We conclude that single-dose prophylaxis, with a safe, broad-spectrum antimicrobial, provides adequate protection against postoperative infection in genitourinary surgery.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311789/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6311789
|
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-0.02929147146642208,
0.2879086136817932,
0.3356800377368927,
-0.13770559430122375
] |
6,311,788 |
Alternative antibiotics for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections in cystic fibrosis.
|
Mastella G G, Agostini M M, Barlocco G G, Bonomi U U, Borgo G G, Bozzino L L, Cabrini G G, Cappelletti L M LM, Castellani L L, Conforti M M
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl A, 1983 Jul
|
We have investigated the effectiveness of seven new beta-lactam antibiotics, azlocillin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefsulodin, cefoperazone, latamoxef (moxalactam), and cefotaxime, against acute pulmonary exacerbations caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. Three hundred and fifty-five strains of Ps aeruginosa isolated from 310 sputum cultures (190 cystic fibrosis patients) were tested for susceptibility to the drugs by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The highest activity was shown by ceftazidime (6% resistant strains) followed by cefsulodin and piperacillin (15 and 16% resistant strains); very low activity was found for cefotaxime and latamoxef (moxalactam). Ceftazidime was the most active drug against 32 pseudomonas isolates that were resistant to both carbenicillin and aminoglycosides (78% susceptible). A randomized, double-blind trial of azlocillin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefsulodin or cefoperazone was performed in 111 cystic fibrosis patients with predominant and susceptible pseudomonas in their sputum. Results were evaluated by a clinical, radiological and bacteriological scoring system: the best results were obtained with ceftazidime, followed by cefsulodin and piperacillin. However, pseudomonas was eradicated in only 22 (23%) of the cases with the most active drugs and persisted or reappeared in all the cases 1 to 3 months later. Ceftazidime always eradicated Staph. aureus and Haemophilus influenzae associated with pseudomonas. Similar eradication occurred nearly always with cefsulodin but rarely with the other drugs. No serious drug reaction occurred but a later fever and rash with piperacillin, transient diarrhoea with cefoperazone, vomiting with cefsulodin, and very frequent eosinophilia with ceftazidime should be mentioned. These five drugs offer, in varying degree, alternatives to traditional anti pseudomonas antibiotics in cystic fibrosis pulmonary infections, but they should be used only against well-proven resistant strains. Ceftazidime is best and cefotaxime and latamoxef (moxalactam) least useful.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311788/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6311788
|
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] |
6,311,913 |
Immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in combination with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine in infants.
|
Coulehan J L JL, Hallowell C C, Michaels R H RH, Welty T K TK, Lui N N, Kuo J S JS
|
The Journal of infectious diseases . Vol. 148, No. 3, 1983 Sep
|
Seventy-eight Navajo infants (one to two months of age) were randomly assigned to one of two vaccination groups: one group (40 infants) was scheduled to receive three doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine and the other (38 infants) to receive DPT combined with Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate (DPT + PRP vaccine). In the latter vaccine, pertussis antigen served as an adjuvant for PRP. Sixty-seven infants (37 who received DPT vaccine and 30 who received DPT + PRP vaccine) completed the protocol. Local and systemic reactions were equally frequent in the two groups. Fifty percent of the infants who received DPT + PRP vaccine had definite antibody responses to PRP after three doses, and 13% had possible responses. Of the infants who received DPT vaccine, 14% and 8% had definite and possible responses, respectively; three of five infants with definite responses were infected with H influenzae type b or cross-reacting organisms, as determined by pharyngeal cultures. The immune response did not appear to be suppressed by the presence of maternal antibody.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311913/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6311913
|
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6,311,914 |
Intranasal interferon alpha 2 for prevention of rhinovirus infection and illness.
|
Hayden F G FG, Gwaltney J M JM
|
The Journal of infectious diseases . Vol. 148, No. 3, 1983 Sep
|
In two placebo-controlled, double-blind studies, the prophylactic efficacy of recombinant DNA-produced interferon alpha 2 (IFN-alpha 2) against induced rhinovirus (RV) type 39 infection in susceptible volunteers was assessed. IFN-alpha 2 was given by intranasal drops in either multiple treatments (11.4 X 10(6) IU four times per day for four days) or one treatment daily (42.8 X 10(6) IU once per day for five days) starting before RV type 39 challenge. The efficacy rates of multiple-dose IFN-alpha 2 for preventing infection, virus shedding, and RV type 39-specific colds were 78%, 78%, and 100%, respectively. The corresponding rates for one daily treatment were 45%, 64%, and 75%, respectively. Both dosage regimens were associated with significant reductions in days of virus shedding and nasal mucus production. In the second study, three IFN-alpha 2 recipients developed transient leukopenia (less than 4,000 leukocytes/mm3). The results suggest that intranasal IFN-alpha 2 may prove to be a safe and effective method of preventing rhinovirus infection and illness.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6311914/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6311914
|
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] |
6,312,008 |
Double-blind study of ACTH vs prednisone therapy in infantile spasms.
|
Hrachovy R A RA, Frost J D JD, Kellaway P P, Zion T E TE
|
The Journal of pediatrics . Vol. 103, No. 4, 1983 Oct
|
Twenty-four patients with infantile spasms were entered in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of ACTH (20 to 30 units/day) with that of prednisone (2 mg/kg/day). Response to therapy was determined by utilizing a comprehensive monitoring system and was defined as a complete cessation of spasms and disappearance of the hypsarrhythmic EEG pattern. A major difference between the effectiveness of ACTH and that of prednisone in stopping the spasms and improving the EEG pattern was not demonstrated. Nine patients responded to ACTH (five initial drug, four crossover), and seven patients responded to prednisone (four initial drug, three crossover). Twelve responded within two weeks of initiation of therapy, and four within six weeks. Therapy was tapered and discontinued immediately after a response was obtained. Five patients had a relapse; four responded rapidly to a second course of therapy. Of the eight patients who failed to respond to hormonal therapy, seven were given clonazepam with no improvement.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6312008/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6312008
|
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] |
6,312,110 |
Ranitidine.
|
Strum W B WB
|
JAMA . Vol. 250, No. 14, 1983 Oct 14
|
Ranitidine is an H2-receptor antagonist that was released recently for use in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and systemic mastocytosis with gastric hypersecretion. The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and clinical utility of ranitidine are presented. The drug is similar in therapeutic effect to its predecessor, cimetidine, yet has certain advantages over cimetidine in clinical applications.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6312110/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article"
] |
6312110
|
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6,312,241 |
How do polyunsaturated fatty acids lower plasma cholesterol levels?
|
Horrobin D F DF, Manku M S MS
|
Lipids . Vol. 18, No. 8, 1983 Aug
|
For 30 years it has been known that linoleic acid can lower elevated cholesterol levels. Large increases in linoleic acid have been widely recommended as a way of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Such recommendations have resulted in major dietary shifts in some countries, including the USA. Yet the precise characteristics of the linoleic acid molecule which confer on it cholesterol-lowering properties are unknown. gamma-Linolenic acid, the first essential fatty acid metabolite of linoleic acid, has been found to have cholesterol-lowering actions ca. 170 times greater than the parent molecule, suggesting that linoleic acid must be converted to gamma-linolenic acid to exert its desirable effects on cholesterol metabolism. Aging, sex, diabetes mellitus, alcohol, catecholamines and trans fatty acids and saturated fats can all modulate the delta-6-desaturase enzyme which converts linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid. This provides a possible unifying explanation for the actions of these known risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6312241/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6312241
|
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6,312,313 |
Drug therapy. Treatment of herpesvirus infections.
|
Hirsch M S MS, Schooley R T RT
|
The New England journal of medicine . Vol. 309, No. 17, 1983 Oct 27
|
Guidelines for the prophylaxis or therapy of herpesvirus infections are shown in Table 1. Progress is so rapid in this area that frequent revisions of such guidelines will be necessary. Newer drugs or new formulations of older agents are constantly being developed. Combination therapies--e.g., interferon plus acyclovir--appear promising in laboratory models of herpesvirus infections and will undoubtedly receive clinical investigation in the years ahead. The problem of dealing with latent virus infections still eludes us, and major breakthroughs will be necessary before we can discuss cure of recurrent infections. Nevertheless, important strides have been made in the past few years, and further progress is predictable in the years ahead.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6312313/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.",
"Review"
] |
6312313
|
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] |
6,312,460 |
Clinical evaluation of cefotiam (CGP/14221) versus cephalothin in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
|
Tselentis J J, Cordossis T T, Eliopoulos G G
|
Pharmatherapeutica . Vol. 3, No. 6, 1983
|
A study was carried out in 35 patients with urinary tract infections to compare the efficacy and tolerance of cefotiam and cephalothin. Patients received at random either 1 g cefotiam twice daily (19 patients) or 1 g cephalothin 4-times daily (16 patients) parenterally over a period of 10 days. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed mainly on disappearance of bacteriuria. Only 1 patient of those receiving cefotiam failed to respond and suffered a delayed relapse. Five patients failed to respond to cephalothin: in 3 of them bacteriuria persisted throughout treatment and there was relapse in the other 2 patients. The time for the disappearance of bacteriuria was significantly shorter in the cefotiam group.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6312460/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6312460
|
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6,312,461 |
Double-blind comparison of pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin ('Miraxid') with pivampicillin alone in chronic bronchitis: a Danish multi-centre study.
|
Bukh N N
|
Pharmatherapeutica . Vol. 3, No. 6, 1983
|
A double-blind, multi-centre trial was carried out in 62 patients with purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis to compare the efficacy and tolerance of pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin with that of pivampicillin given alone. Patients were allocated at random to receive treatment with either 100 mg pivmecillinam plus 125 mg pivampicillin or 250 mg pivampicillin 3-times daily for 7 to 14 days. A satisfactory clinical response was observed in 28 (88%) out of the 32 patients given pivmecillinam/pivampicillin. Twenty-two (73%) out of the 30 subjects taking pivampicillin alone responded to therapy. Combination therapy appeared to be more effective in rendering purulent sputum mucoid. After treatment was completed, fewer pathogens including pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae and Enterobacteriaceae were present in the sputum of patients given the combination (4 out of 14 cases) when compared to subjects who took pivampicillin alone (10 out of 15 cases). Both treatments were well tolerated. One patient taking pivmecillinam/pivampicillin and 5 subjects given pivampicillin reported mild gastro-intestinal discomfort.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6312461/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6312461
|
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] |
6,312,664 |
Effect of naloxone-induced opioid blockade on idiopathic detrusor instability.
|
Murray K H KH
|
Urology . Vol. 22, No. 3, 1983 Sep
|
The effects of opioid blockade with the potent opiate/opioid antagonist, naloxone, on detrusor function are described. In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 28 patients, naloxone caused an increase in detrusor instability together with an increase of detrusor pressure during filling cystometry and a decrease in maximum cystometric capacity. The significance of these findings for the etiology of idiopathic detrusor instability is discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6312664/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6312664
|
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6,312,791 |
Effects of soy polysaccharide on gastrointestinal functions, nutrient balance, steroid excretions, glucose tolerance, serum lipids, and other parameters in humans.
|
Tsai A C AC, Mott E L EL, Owen G M GM, Bennick M R MR, Lo G S GS, Steinke F H FH
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 38, No. 4, 1983 Oct
|
A diet-controlled study with a cross-over design was conducted to determine the effect of soy polysaccharide on gastrointestinal functions, nutrient balance, steroid excretion, blood lipid levels, postprandial serum glucose response, and other blood parameters in healthy male human subjects. A total of 14 college students was selected to participate in the study on a voluntary basis and each served as his own control. The study had two 17-day feeding periods. During the first feeding period, half of the subjects served as controls, the other as experimentals. During the second feeding period, treatments were crossed. When serving as controls, subjects consumed a low-fiber basal diet; when serving as experimentals, the same diet was supplemented with 25 g/day of soy polysaccharide. Blood samples taken at the beginning (days -1 and 1) and at the end (days 17 and 18) of each period revealed no changes in serum lipid levels or other blood parameters by soy polysaccharide supplementation. Nutrient balance and fecal transit studies revealed a significant increase in fecal wet weight and fecal water content, but no changes in total dry weight, fecal neutral steroid, bile salt, protein, and mineral contents. Glucose tolerance tests conducted during each period revealed that addition of soy polysaccharide to the glucose solution significantly reduced the reactive hypoglycemia at 180 min. Results of the present study suggest that in healthy male subjects, supplementation of soy polysaccharide can result in an increase in wet fecal content and possibly some improvement in glucose tolerance response.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6312791/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6312791
|
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] |
6,312,914 |
Single daily dose treatment of severe refractory infections with ceftriaxone. Cost savings and possible parenteral outpatient treatment.
|
Baumgartner J D JD, Glauser M P MP
|
Archives of internal medicine . Vol. 143, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
Ceftriaxone sodium, a new cephalosporin with a very broad spectrum of action and a very long serum half-life, was administered to 127 patients in the treatment of 133 severe infections at our institution in Lausanne, Switzerland. Eighty infections had previously been treated unsuccessfully with other antimicrobials to which the pathogens were most often resistant. Sixty-five episodes were treated with two daily injections until there was an improvement in the patient's clinical condition, while 67 infections were treated from the start by a single daily injection. The results in the two groups were similar. One hundred fifteen infections (86%) were cured or improved, ten (8%) did not respond to therapy or recurred, and eight (6%) were not evaluable. The treatment was well tolerated, even by the 18 patients who received the drug for more than four weeks. The administration of a single daily dose instead of four doses as with standard antibiotic regimens produced a saving of Sfr 84,000 (+42,000) in the 127 patients. The single daily dose also made it possible to treat 25 of the 127 severely ill patients as outpatients, with a saving of Sfr 388,500 (+195,000) with respect to the hospital costs that would have been incurred for the same time period.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6312914/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6312914
|
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6,313,024 |
Prolonged suxamethonium infusion during nitrous oxide anaesthesia supplemented with halothane or fentanyl.
|
Futter M E ME, Donati F F, Bevan D R DR
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 55, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
The neuromuscular blockade produced by a prolonged infusion of suxamethonium was studied using train-of-four stimulation in 40 patients receiving either halothane-nitrous oxide or fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Initially, a depolarizing (phase I) block was observed in all patients followed by phase II block which was associated with tachyphylaxis to suxamethonium; the latter changes occurring more rapidly in the halothane group. Infusions were continued for more than 150 min in 17 patients and there was a late decrease in suxamethonium requirement in those who received halothane, but not fentanyl. Ten minutes after the suxamethonium infusion was stopped, most patients received neostigmine which was followed by rapid recovery of neuromuscular transmission.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313024/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6313024
|
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] |
6,313,025 |
Pattern of change of bronchomotor tone following reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Comparison between atropine and glycopyrrolate.
|
Hammond J J, Wright D D, Sale J J
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 55, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
Specific airways conductance (s.Gaw) was measured using the forced airflow oscillation method, to study the effect of two regimens, commonly used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade, on bronchomotor tone. Patients who had received neuromuscular blockers and had undergone elective surgery were randomly allocated to receive neostigmine 50 microgram kg-1 given concurrently with either atropine 20 microgram kg-1 (10 patients) or glycopyrrolate 10 microgram kg-1 (10 patients). Before administration, five baseline measurements of s.Gaw were obtained and measurements were then made at intervals of 1 min for the next 10 min. At 3 min there was a significant difference in s.Gaw between the two groups, higher values being found in the atropine group. At 10 min, no significant difference was seen between the groups, although both showed a significant decrease in s.Gaw compared with baseline values (P less than 0.05).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313025/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6313025
|
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] |
6,313,028 |
The effect of posture on the sympathoadrenal response to theophylline infusion.
|
Warren J B JB, Turner C C, Dalton N N, Thomson A A, Cochrane G M GM, Clark T J TJ
|
British journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 16, No. 4, 1983 Oct
|
We studied the effect of posture on the sympathoadrenal response to intravenous theophylline in six normal subjects. On three separate occasions they received an intravenous infusion of either theophylline (6 mg/kg) while supine, theophylline (6 mg/kg) while standing or saline as placebo while standing. With the subjects standing theophylline caused tremor, a peak heart rate of 99 +/- 6 beats/min, and an elevation of plasma cyclic AMP from 9.3 +/- 0.7 to 15.1 +/- 1.7 nmol/1 (mean +/- s.e. mean). There was a small, but significant, elevation of plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and glucose. The elevation in plasma catecholamines was insufficient to explain either the sympathomimetic effects of theophylline or the rise in plasma cyclic AMP. Theophylline had little or no effect with the subjects supine. The mean peak theophylline concentration following infusion was significantly higher with the subjects upright than when supine (18.3 c.f. 12.4 mg/l, P less than 0.025). However, adequate plasma levels of theophylline were obtained in all subjects when lying or supine. Analysis of individual data suggests that differences in plasma levels of theophylline are unlikely to account for the increased effects seen on standing. The mechanism of action of theophylline cannot be explained by increased secretion of catecholamines alone. Theophylline appears to amplify the increased sympathetic activity associated with standing and this is probably by phosphodiesterase inhibition.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313028/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6313028
|
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] |
6,313,029 |
Ranitidine does not affect gonadal function in man.
|
Wang C C, Wong K L KL, Lam K C KC, Lai C L CL
|
British journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 16, No. 4, 1983 Oct
|
We studied the effect of ranitidine on gonadal function in 20 male subjects with chronic duodenal ulcer. Eleven were treated with ranitidine 150 mg twice daily for 3 months and 150 mg at night for 9 months, nine with placebo for 3 months. Similar to placebo, treatment with ranitidine did not influence basal serum concentrations of testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL). No significant changes were found in sperm concentration, motility or morphology. Ranitidine does not affect gonadal function in man.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313029/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6313029
|
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] |
6,313,035 |
The use of intravaginal oestrogen cream in genuine stress incontinence.
|
Hilton P P, Stanton S L SL
|
British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology . Vol. 90, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
Ten women presenting with symptoms of post-menopausal urogenital oestrogen deficiency, including atrophic vaginal changes and a variety of urinary symptoms, were studied urodynamically and shown to have genuine stress incontinence. Their urethral function was assessed by resting and stress pressure profiles before and after treatment with an intravaginal oestrogen cream. A reduction in the severity of symptoms of stress incontinence, urgency and voiding difficulties was found. No significant changes were induced in the resting urethral pressure profile although the maximum urethral closure pressure on stress was significantly increased as a consequence of improved pressure transmission in mid-urethra. The distribution of pressure transmission suggests that the effect of oestrogen therapy may be due to improved efficiency of urethral closure by the pelvic floor in response to stress.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313035/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6313035
|
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] |
6,313,376 |
Effect of H2-receptor blockade by ranitidine on ulcer healing and gastric acid secretion in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers.
|
Forssell H H, Koch G G
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 25, No. 2, 1983
|
The effect of treatment for 4 weeks with the H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine 200 mg daily on ulcer healing, clinical symptoms and antacid consumption, and on gastric acid secretion, was studied in a double blind trial in 48 patients with a total of 50 endoscopically confirmed duodenal, prepyloric or corporeal gastric ulcer. Patients whose ulcers did not show complete healing within 28 days were continued openly on ranitidine for up to a further 4 weeks. Endoscopy, basal gastric acid secretion (BAO) and pentagastrin-stimulated maximal secretion (PAO) studies were performed at 2-week intervals. After four weeks, 73% of the gastro-duodenal ulcers in the ranitidine group showed complete healing versus 42% in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). Gastric acid secretion was considerably inhibited both under basal (89%; p less than 0.001) and maximal challenge (71%; p less than 0.001) conditions. The inhibitory effect was still pronounced 13-15 h after administration of ranitidine 100 mg. Symptoms and the need for antacids were significantly reduced. Ranitidine appears to be an efficacious, safe and well tolerated medicine principle for the treatment of gastro-duodenal ulcer disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313376/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6313376
|
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] |
6,313,436 |
Hysterosalpingography with oil contrast medium enhances fertility in patients with infertility of unknown etiology.
|
Schwabe M G MG, Shapiro S S SS, Haning R V RV
|
Fertility and sterility . Vol. 40, No. 5, 1983 Nov
|
Previous studies have suggested increased fertility rates following hysterosalpingography (HSG) using oil as compared with aqueous contrast medium. To compare the possible fertility-enhancing effects of two agents used for HSG, this prospective randomized study evaluated the subsequent fertility rates in 121 patients who underwent HSG, in which either oil or aqueous contrast medium was used. After random assignment to either agent, patients were observed for four menstrual cycles after HSG without resorting to any therapy other than clomiphene citrate where indicated. The pregnancy rates for the four cycles after HSG were compared with chi-square analysis in the total study and in the diagnostic subgroups. The subgroup with infertility of unknown cause had a significantly higher pregnancy rate after HSG with oil than after HSG with aqueous contrast medium. No significant difference was seen for any other subgroup or for the overall cohort.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313436/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6313436
|
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] |
6,313,458 |
Comparison of ranitidine and cimetidine in the treatment of chronic gastric ulcer. A double-blind trial.
|
Kellow J E JE, Barr G D GD, Cowen A E AE, Ward M M, Wood L L, Piper D W DW
|
Digestion . Vol. 27, No. 2, 1983
|
The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of ranitidine and cimetidine in accelerating the healing of chronic gastric ulcer. 44 outpatients with endoscopically proven gastric ulcer whose duration of symptoms was greater than 4 weeks and who were without major systemic disease were studied. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either ranitidine, 150 mg twice a day or cimetidine, 200 mg three times a day and 400 mg at night for 4 weeks. If the ulcer had not healed, treatment was continued for a further 4 weeks, when patient assessment and endoscopy were repeated. By 4 weeks, 13 of 22 patients taking ranitidine (59%) and 14 of 22 patients taking cimetidine (64%) had healed (p2 = 1.0, 95% confidence interval - 20%, 38%). At 8 weeks, 91% on ranitidine and 91% on cimetidine had healed (p2 = 1.0, 95% confidence interval - 18%, 18%). Symptomatic improvement was similar with both drugs. Smoking did not influence healing rates. There were no major side effects with either medication. It is concluded that ranitidine and cimetidine are of similar efficacy in accelerating the healing of chronic gastric ulcer.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313458/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6313458
|
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] |
6,313,501 |
Guar gum and bile: effects on postprandial gallbladder contraction and on serum bile acids in man.
|
Hansen W E WE, Maurer H H, Vollmar J J, Bräuning C C
|
Hepato-gastroenterology . Vol. 30, No. 4, 1983 Aug
|
In a randomized cross-over study, 10 healthy volunteers received a fiber-depleted liquid mixed meal alone and, exactly 7 days apart, a combination with 15 g guar gum. Addition of the dietary fiber inhibited emptying of the gall bladder after 30 min to 7 (5-10) ml instead of 4 (3-6) ml (p less than 0.05) and delayed its refilling. Also the postprandial increase in conjugated serum bile acids was prevented by guar gum. The maximal postprandial blood glucose 30 min after ingestion of the meal was reduced from 120 (117-135) mg/dl to 110 (105-119) mg/dl (p less than or equal to 0.05) by guar gum. Serum insulin levels were unaffected by guar gum.--Our data suggest that the addition of guar gum to meals affects enterohepatic circulation of bile acids as well as digestion of carbohydrates.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313501/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6313501
|
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] |
6,313,502 |
Ranitidine vs cimetidine: short-term treatment of gastric ulcer.
|
Barbara L L, Corinaldesi R R, Dobrilla G G, De Pretis G G, Bianchi Porro G G, Prada A A, Carratù R R, Paoluzi P P, Mazzacca G G, Sabbatini F F
|
Hepato-gastroenterology . Vol. 30, No. 4, 1983 Aug
|
We compared the clinical effectiveness and endoscopic results of ranitidine and cimetidine treatment; 71 outpatients, all affected with benign gastric ulcer, were selected for the study (43 type I, 7 type II and 21 type III, according to Johnson's classification). The patients were treated randomly for 4 weeks with ranitidine (300 mg daily) or cimetidine (1 g daily). An endoscopic examination was repeated within 3 days after the end of the treatment. Clinical checks were performed weekly in order to monitor the clinical course of pain and antacid consumption, according to the patient's needs. The patients who did not demonstrate complete healing on endoscopic examination were treated for an additional 4 week period. At the end of this 4 week period, another endoscopic examination was done. Thirty-six patients treated with ranitidine and 33 with cimetidine completed the first period of therapy. The two groups were homogeneous with regard to sex, age, duration of disease, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and type and size of ulcer. Ranitidine and cimetidine treatments did not demonstrate any significant difference with regard to ulcer healing after the 4th or the 8th week of therapy. Both ranitidine and cimetidine were less effective in healing type I than type II and III G.U., at the 4th week of treatment. No significant differences between the two groups were noted with regard to pain or weekly antacid consumption. No significant side effects were reported.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313502/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6313502
|
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] |
6,313,522 |
Monotherapy of essential hypertension with a converting-enzyme inhibitor.
|
Drayer J I JI, Weber M A MA
|
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) . Vol. 5, No. 5 Pt 2
|
The antihypertensive effectiveness of twice-daily dosing with the converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, was examined in a multicenter study of 294 patients (181 white, 111 black, two oriental) with essential hypertension whose supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) was 95 mm Hg or higher after 4 to 6 weeks of preliminary placebo administration. In this double-blind study, the patients were randomized into one placebo and three captopril-treated groups: twice-daily placebo (n = 77) or twice-daily captopril 25 mg (n = 77), 50 mg (n = 71), or 100 mg (n = 69). The average decreases in SDBP after 8 weeks of treatment were 5.2%, 7.7%, 11.7%, and 10.5%, respectively. Only the two higher dose groups differed significantly from the placebo group; they also differed from the lowest dose group. The proportions of patients classified as having normalized pressures (SDBP less than 90 mm Hg) in the four groups were 39%, 47%, 70%, and 50%. If the results were analyzed by race, all three captopril-treated groups differed significantly from the placebo-treated group in the white patients but not in the black patients. However, direct comparisons between the white and black groups showed a difference only at the low, 25 mg twice daily (b.i.d.), captopril dose. Thus, although conventionally given on a three-times daily basis, the twice-daily (12-hourly) administration of captopril provides effective antihypertensive treatment in doses of 50 or 100 mg b.i.d. Moreover, white patients also exhibit a significant response to captopril at doses as low as 25 mg b.i.d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313522/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6313522
|
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0.32156050205230713,
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0.31671130657196045,
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0.11234056204557419,
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] |
6,313,523 |
Influence of an angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor on diuretic-induced metabolic effects in hypertension.
|
Weinberger M H MH
|
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) . Vol. 5, No. 5 Pt 2
|
Diuretic therapy is frequently accompanied by undesirable biochemical changes and side-effects. Two multicenter trials compared the effects of captopril combined with a diuretic to the administration of either agent alone in mild-to-moderate hypertensives. In addition to blood pressure, effects on serum potassium, uric acid, glucose, and cholesterol were examined. The first study (Study A) was conducted on 210 such patients randomly assigned to receive: 1) hydrochlorothiazide (H) 15 mg three times daily (t.i.d.); 2) captopril (C) 25 mg t.i.d.; or 3) C + H for 6 weeks. The second study (Study B) involved 415 patients randomly assigned to receive: 1) C 25 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) + H 25 mg b.i.d.; 2) C 50 mg b.i.d. + H 25 mg b.i.d.; 3) C 50 mg b.i.d. + placebo b.i.d.; 4) placebo b.i.d. + H 25 mg b.i.d.; or 5) placebo b.i.d. + placebo b.i.d. for 6 weeks. In both Studies A and B, all patients except those receiving placebo only (Study B-5) had significant (p less than 0.05) blood pressure reductions. In Study A, the combination of C + H (A-3) produced a significantly greater (p less than 0.001) reduction in blood pressure than either agent alone. In Study B, both C + H groups (B-1, B-2) had a significantly greater (p less than 0.01) blood pressure reduction than that seen with C alone (B-3). In Study A, those treated with H alone (A-1) had a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in serum potassium and increases in uric acid, glucose, and cholesterol when compared to C alone (A-2) where no changes in these parameters were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313523/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6313523
|
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] |
6,313,557 |
Preliminary report on "one-time" and high dose irradiation of the upper and lower half-body in patients with small cell lung cancer.
|
Eichhorn H J HJ, Hüttner J J, Dallüge K H KH, Welker K K
|
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics . Vol. 9, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
Forty-two patients with histologically confirmed inoperable small (oat) cell lung cancer were treated with local tumor irradiation (approximately 4,000 cGy) combined with "one-time" irradiation of the upper and lower half of the body. Twenty-five patients (Group I) received the irradiation in lateral position first to the upper half-body, and six weeks later to the lower half-body, the midplane dose averaging 880 cGy (not corrected for lung tissue). In 17 patients, lethal pneumonitis occurred. The mean time of survival was 8.2 months for 22 patients having the disease limited to one thorax-side and 4.0 months for three patients having distant metastases, stated by conventional clinical and X ray investigations. Seventeen patients (Group II) received the two half-body irradiation treatments through anterior-posterior fields. The average dose had been reduced to 800 cGy (uncorrected) and was given on one day in two fractions (600 and 200 cGy, separated by an interval of 5 hours). Furthermore, the forearms and the lower legs had been left outside the fields. Only one patient showed pneumonitis. The mean time of survival was 14.3 months for 12 patients having the disease limited to one thorax-side and 6.6 months for five patients having distant metastases. In both groups, serious reactions of the bone marrow were not observed. In Group II, leucocytes and lymphocytes had reached their original values three months after the end of irradiation. For all 42 patients, X ray films showed complete regression of the primary tumor. In 12 out of 35 autopsy specimens, the primary tumor could not be detected histologically, but only five of these were free of metastases. Presently, additional irradiation of the two halves of the body with lower and fractionated doses are being tested in order to achieve the further reduction of tumor cell numbers.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313557/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6313557
|
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0.20136916637420654,
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0.05240878835320473,
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] |
6,313,561 |
Hemibody radiation, an active therapeutic modality for the management of patients with small cell lung cancer.
|
Urtasun R C RC, Belch A A, Bodnar D D
|
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics . Vol. 9, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
In a previously published paper, the results of a preliminary clinical trial comparing systemic radiation (upper and lower hemibody technique) versus systemic chemotherapy in the management of all stages of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), suggested that hemibody radiation (HBI) was as efficient as systemic chemotherapy, particularly for patients with early disease. We are now presenting the final results of the above trial. The two year survival has shown that as many patients in the HBI as in the chemotherapy arm have reached this endpoint. However, there is a difference in favor of chemotherapy on both the median and one year survival for those patients with advanced stages. Therefore, as of June 1981, we have initiated a study incorporating HBI as a consolidating-maintenance agent for patients with all stages of the disease who have received a 3 1/2 months induction systemic chemotherapy plus local chest irradiation. Up to date, 65 patients have been entered and our median survival for those who received the complete treatment is 62.5 weeks.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313561/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6313561
|
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6,313,591 |
Acyclovir and Epstein-Barr virus infection.
|
Pagano J S JS, Sixbey J W JW, Lin J C JC
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl B, 1983 Sep
|
Acyclovir (ACV) has an ED50 of 0.3 microM against EBV replication in vitro. Based on these and other data we carried out a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ACV for treatment of infectious mononucleosis. Only patients with relatively severe illness requiring hospital management were enrolled. Ten subjects with proven infectious mononucleosis received placebo and 10 ACV. The drug was administered intravenously at 8-hourly intervals in a total daily dosage of 1500 mg/m2 for 5 days. Preliminary analyses of the results indicate that the drug interrupted virus excretion in the oropharynx transiently but had no effect on ability to generate lymphocytic lines from peripheral blood. Symptoms and signs unaffected by ACV were splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, lethargy, fever and pharyngitis. There was significantly more rapid regain of weight in the ACV-treated group. On the basis of these results we have instituted an out-patient trial of orally administered ACV in patients with less severe illness earlier in its course. We have also begun in-vitro tests of other drugs that might prove to be effective against Epstein-Barr virus infection, and have shown that 9-1 (1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (BW759) has an ED50 of 0.05 microM.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313591/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.",
"Review"
] |
6313591
|
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] |
6,313,593 |
Virus resistance in clinical practice.
|
Dekker C C, Ellis M N MN, McLaren C C, Hunter G G, Rogers J J, Barry D W DW
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl B, 1983 Sep
|
The sensitivity to acyclovir of more than 800 herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates from over 300 patients were tested by the dye-uptake method. While a broad spectrum of sensitivity was found, approximately 90% of the isolates were inhibited by less than 1 mg/l of acyclovir. Therapy usually did not significantly alter the sensitivity of HSV isolates except in a few severely immunocompromised patients in whom resistant viruses produced asymptomatic or indolent infections. The sensitivity of viruses isolated during subsequent recurrences was similar to that of the originally infecting virus, regardless of therapy. The requirement of convenient and standardized methods of virus sensitivity testing is emphasized so that additional data can be accumulated to allow more precise correlations between in-vitro virus sensitivity and clinical response to acyclovir therapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313593/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Review"
] |
6313593
|
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] |
6,313,594 |
Use of acyclovir for prophylaxis of herpes infections in severely immunocompromised patients.
|
Prentice H G HG
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl B, 1983 Sep
|
Two consecutive studies are reported. In study 1, 59 patients with acute leukaemia undergoing remission induction therapy or bone marrow transplantation were given either acyclovir (5 mg/kg) or placebo by intravenous infusion twice daily during the period of neutropenia. All patients were seropositive (greater than or equal to 1:8) for herpes simplex virus. Acyclovir provided total protection against herpes simplex virus infection in bone marrow transplant patients with 0/10 versus 5/10 infections in the placebo group (P = 0.033). For the remission induction therapy group 2/19 on acyclovir developed HSV versus 10/20 receiving placebo (P = 0.018). Only one episode of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was seen and this was in a patient on acyclovir. Epstein-Barr virus secretion studies were inconclusive. No varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections were seen. In Study 2, 20 consecutive HSV seropositive (greater than or equal to 1:8) bone marrow transplant recipients received oral acyclovir. Five (25%) developed HSV infections, one of which was in a non-compliant patient, who subsequently developed a fatal infection whilst receiving therapeutic (5 mg/kg 8 hourly) intravenous acyclovir for this HSV infection. Intravenous acyclovir is effective in preventing HSV infections in the immunocompromised host but it seems unlikely that CMV will be amenable to acyclovir in its present formulation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313594/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Review"
] |
6313594
|
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6,313,595 |
Oral acyclovir prophylactic treatment of herpes simplex infection after bone marrow transplantation.
|
Gluckman E E, Lotsberg J J, Devergie A A, Zhao X M XM, Melo R R, Gomez-Morales M M, Mazeron M C MC, Perol Y Y
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl B, 1983 Sep
|
In a double-blind controlled study, oral acyclovir has been compared to a placebo in a series of 39 consecutive patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. A dose of 200 mg was given every 6 h from day 8 to day 35 after transplantation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown the good absorption of the drug despite intestinal damage related to chemoradiotherapy or gut graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); there was no sign of toxicity. The protection against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection was complete in the treated group when compared to the control group even in patients with high anti-HSV antibody titres. The same protection was observed against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The incidence of HSV and CMV was the same in both groups after treatment ended. This study confirms the efficacy of acyclovir against HSV infection and possibly against CMV infection when it is given prophylactically after bone marrow transplantation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313595/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Review"
] |
6313595
|
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] |
6,313,596 |
Acyclovir therapy of varicella-zoster virus infections in immunocompromised patients.
|
Balfour H H HH, McMonigal K A KA, Bean B B
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl B, 1983 Sep
|
In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of intravenous acyclovir in the treatment of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections, 8 of 20 immunocompromised children with varicella received acyclovir (500 mg/m2/dose three times daily for 7 days). There was no significant difference in skin healing between the acyclovir and placebo groups although there was a significant reduction in the incidence of development of pulmonary involvement during acyclovir treatment. Nineteen out of 34 patients received vidarabine (10 mg/kg/day for 5 days). Vidarabine significantly shortened the duration of new vesicle formation. Both drugs significantly reduced the incidence of visceral varicella, the most serious complication of VZV infection. An open trial also concluded that early treatment of varicella in these patients is essential. Of the 94 patients with zoster infection, 52 received acyclovir (500 mg/m2/dose infused over one hour three times daily for 7 days). Acyclovir recipients healed more rapidly, had fewer days of pain and shorter duration of viral shedding compared with placebo patients. The most important finding was that acyclovir significantly protected against progression of zoster as defined by development or progression of cutaneous dissemination and development of visceral zoster. Vidarabine seemed to be equally effective in this respect. The likelihood of cutaneous dissemination is related to the nature of the underlying condition. The in vitro sensitivity of VZV isolates from patients with second episode VZV infection during the trial did not change appreciably which suggests that VZV does not become resistant to acyclovir during therapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313596/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.",
"Review"
] |
6313596
|
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] |
6,313,597 |
The use of acyclovir for cytomegalovirus infections in the immunocompromised host.
|
Meyers J D JD, Wade J C JC, McGuffin R W RW, Springmeyer S C SC, Thomas E D ED
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl B, 1983 Sep
|
Despite the lack of virus-specified thymidine kinase activity, human cytomegalovirus may be sensitive to acyclovir in vitro at concentrations between 10 and 25 mg/l. The inhibitory effect of acyclovir can be further increased by the presence of small amounts of human alpha or beta interferon. Twenty-one allogeneic marrow graft recipients with biopsy-proven cytomegalovirus pneumonia were treated with either high doses of acyclovir (eight patients) or the combination of acyclovir and human alpha (leukocyte) interferon (13 patients). Acyclovir doses of 400 to 1200 mg/m2/dose and interferon doses of 2 to 40 X 10(4) units/kg/day were used. There was no consistent effect of treatment on the likelihood or duration of survival, titre of virus in paired lung specimens, or shedding of virus. However, four patients survived and four others had 2-log or greater decreases in the amount of virus in paired lung specimens, suggesting a possible effect on cytomegalovirus strains with increased sensitivity to these agents. Acyclovir treatment of cytomegalovirus infection may be more effective in patients with lesser degrees of immunosuppression, but was not effective in the treatment of marrow transplant patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313597/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.",
"Review"
] |
6313597
|
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6,313,787 |
Enalapril: a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in chronic heart failure: acute and chronic hemodynamic evaluations.
|
DiCarlo L L, Chatterjee K K, Parmley W W WW, Swedberg K K, Atherton B B, Curran D D, Cucci M M
|
Journal of the American College of Cardiology . Vol. 2, No. 5, 1983 Nov
|
Hemodynamic effects of the new oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, were evaluated acutely in 15 patients with chronic heart failure and in 7 patients after 4 weeks of maintenance therapy. Initial hemodynamic effects were characterized by a significant increase in cardiac index (from 2.1 +/- 0.7 to 2.6 +/- 0.7 liters/min per m2) and a decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (from 30 +/- 6 to 24 +/- 7 mm Hg), right atrial pressure (from 14 +/- 5 to 11 +/- 4 mm Hg), mean arterial pressure (from 96 +/- 16 to 80 +/- 17 mm Hg) and systemic vascular resistance (from 1,820 +/- 480 to 1,200 +/- 410 dynes . s . cm-5) without any significant change in heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. During maintenance therapy, the dose of diuretic drugs had to be increased because of systemic venous hypertension. Repeat hemodynamic study showed that after chronic therapy, cardiac index (2.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.0 +/- 0.08 liters/min per m2) and stroke volume index (24 +/- 10 vs. 36 +/- 7 ml/m2) remained elevated and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was lower than control (30 +/- 6 vs. 16 +/- 6 mm Hg), indicating sustained improvement in left ventricular performance. Plasma renin activity increased and plasma norepinephrine levels decreased after enalapril therapy and these humoral changes persisted during maintenance therapy. All patients receiving chronic therapy had symptomatic improvement. Significant hypotension, which occurred in five patients at the initiation of therapy, appears to be the major side effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313787/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6313787
|
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6,313,820 |
In vitro sensitivity to acyclovir in genital herpes simplex viruses from acyclovir-treated patients.
|
McLaren C C, Corey L L, Dekket C C, Barry D W DW
|
The Journal of infectious diseases . Vol. 148, No. 5, 1983 Nov
|
Genital isolates of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from patients given acyclovir or placebo were tested in vitro for sensitivity to acyclovir. Isolates obtained before therapy were sensitive to acyclovir concentrations of 0.01-19 micrograms/ml, with 86 of 97 isolates inhibited by less than 1 microgram/ml. Before therapy, six patients had isolates of HSV type 2 with ID50 values (concentrations of drug reducing viral cytopathic effect by 50%) of greater than 3 micrograms/ml. Plaque purification revealed mixed populations of virus; some clones were associated with high and some with low rates of acyclovir phosphorylation. Sensitivity to acyclovir decreased in isolates obtained after therapy from four of 25 patients given acyclovir and three of 30 patients given placebo. The occurrence of this change with similar frequency in the two groups suggests that factors other than the use of acyclovir influence the in vitro sensitivity of clinical HSV isolates to this agent. In one patient in whom an acyclovir-resistant, thymidine kinase-negative strain of HSV type 2 emerged during therapy, infection subsequently recurred. The isolate responsible for the recurrence was sensitive to acyclovir and had a high level of acyclovir-phosphorylating activity.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6313820/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6313820
|
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-0.24763906002044678,
0.06510484963655472,
0.35620787739753723,
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0.04307239502668381,
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0.20528432726860046
] |
6,314,029 |
High sodium bicarbonate and acetate hemodialysis: double-blind crossover comparison of hemodynamic and ventilatory effects.
|
Henrich W L WL, Woodard T D TD, Meyer B D BD, Chappell T R TR, Rubin L J LJ
|
Kidney international . Vol. 24, No. 2, 1983 Aug
|
The superiority of bicarbonate dialysis (Bi HD) over acetate dialysis (Ac HD) using a high sodium dialysate has not been established to our knowledge. We compared to Bi HD to Ac HD over 6 weeks each in ten stable patients using a double-blind crossover design and a dialysate sodium concentration of 140 mEq/liter. The dialyzer, delivery system, and disalysate constituents were identical except for the substitution of Bi or Ac. Interdialytic weight gain, pre- and post-HD blood pressures, and heart rates were also comparable in the two protocols. Beginning of the week pre-HD serum Bi was greater during Bi HD than Ac HD (19.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 15.1 +/- 0.8 mEq/liter, P less than 0.001); post-HD Bi values were also higher during Bi HD. Similarly, pre-HD pH was also greater with Bi HD 7.40 +/- 0.012 vs. 7.35 +/- 0.001 U, P less than 0.01). The number of adverse symptoms and signs were similar during each protocol (2.0 +/- 0.65 for Bi HD vs. 2.5 +/- 0.5 for Ac HD episodes/patient/6 weeks, NS). However, fewer therapeutic interventions were required during the Bi HD protocol (1.5 +/- 0.43 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.6 treatments/patient/6 weeks, P less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6314029/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6314029
|
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] |
6,314,097 |
The effect of type and dose of oestrogen on the blood pressure of post-menopausal women.
|
Wren B G BG, Routledge A D AD
|
Maturitas . Vol. 5, No. 2, 1983 Aug
|
Evidence from two groups of post-menopausal women who were randomly allocated to be treated with either conjugated equine oestrogens or piperazine oestrone sulphate demonstrates that the two oestrogens produce markedly different effects on blood pressure. The conjugated equine oestrogens appear to produce no significant change in either systolic or diastolic blood pressure whereas piperazine oestrone sulphate produced a significant fall in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This finding is discussed in relationship to the known causes for a change in cardiovascular response to oestrogen and several hypotheses are put forward.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6314097/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6314097
|
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] |
6,314,107 |
Ranitidine and placebo in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. A double-blind randomized trial.
|
Goy J A JA, Maynard J H JH, McNaughton W M WM, O'Shea A A
|
The Medical journal of Australia . Vol. 2, No. 11, 1983 Nov 26
|
A study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of ranitidine in the short-term treatment of reflux oesophagitis. In a double-blind randomized trial of 37 outpatients with symptomatic, endoscopically proven, moderate or severe reflux oesophagitis, 18 patients received ranitidine (150 mg twice a day) and 19 patients received identical-looking placebo tablets for a period of six weeks. Clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic assessments were made initially, and at the end of six weeks. Two patients withdrew during the trial. Endoscopic evidence of improvement was found in 15 of 17 ranitidine-treated and in five of 18 placebo-treated patients. This difference was significant (P less than 0.01). Antacid consumption was significantly lower in the ranitidine-treated group (P less than 0.01). Improvement in histological findings, and the relief of retrosternal pain, regurgitation, dysphagia, and epigastric pain did not achieve levels of statistical significance. No adverse clinical or laboratory changes occurred in patients in either group. It is concluded that, as judged by endoscopic evidence, ranitidine is an effective drug for the short-term treatment of reflux oesophagitis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6314107/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6314107
|
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6,314,140 |
Hypokalemia from beta2-receptor stimulation by circulating epinephrine.
|
Brown M J MJ, Brown D C DC, Murphy M B MB
|
The New England journal of medicine . Vol. 309, No. 23, 1983 Dec 08
|
To determine whether epinephrine-induced hypokalemia is due to beta2-adrenoceptor stimulation, and whether hypokalemia can occur at physiologic concentrations of the agonist, epinephrine was infused into six normal volunteers at a rate of 0.1 microgram per kilogram of body weight per minute. The circulating epinephrine concentration was increased to 1.74 +/- 0.65 ng per milliliter, plasma potassium was reduced by 0.82 +/- 0.19 meq per liter, plasma insulin fell by 12 +/- 4 mU per liter, plasma renin activity was elevated, and tachycardia occurred. Isoproterenol infused at 0.02 micrograms per kilogram per minute caused similar tachycardia (25 beats per minute) and elevation in plasma renin activity (6.0 to 6.5 ng per milliliter per hour), but no hypokalemia. The difference in responses to the two catecholamines was ascribed to the relative beta2-selectivity of epinephrine. This hypothesis was tested in six subjects given infusions of epinephrine (0.05 micrograms per kilogram per minute) after administration of either 2.5 or 5 mg of ICI 118551--a selective beta2-receptor antagonist--or placebo. After placebo, epinephrine infusion elevated the circulating epinephrine concentration and reduced plasma potassium; hypokalemia was prevented by the beta2-antagonist. This drug only partially inhibited the rises in plasma renin and glucose and the shortening of systolic time intervals; there was no tachycardia. Fifteen-fold to 30-fold increases in circulating epinephrine concentration appear to cause hypokalemia by a specific beta2-receptor effect distinct from other actions of epinephrine. This phenomenon may be of physiologic importance after severe myocardial infarction, when similar increases in plasma epinephrine have occurred.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6314140/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6314140
|
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] |
6,314,720 |
Wound complications after closure of abdominal incisions with Dexon or Vicryl. A randomized double-blind study.
|
Gammelgaard N N, Jensen J J
|
Acta chirurgica Scandinavica . Vol. 149, No. 5, 1983
|
Polyglactin 910 and polyglycolic sutures were compared in layer closure of laparotomy wounds after 306 acute or elective operations. The total incidence of wound dehiscence and herniation was 0.65%, with no significant difference between polyglycolic acid (0.6%) and polyglactin 910 (0.7%). The incidence of abscess, granuloma or sinus formation was 6.5% for polyglycolic acid and 11.3% for polyglactin 910. The difference was not statistically significant.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6314720/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6314720
|
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