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6,836,710 |
Effects of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone on circulation in humans.
|
Smith R S RS, Warren D J DJ
|
Transplantation . Vol. 35, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
We describe four patients who suffered asystole, myocardial infarction (in two cases) and supraventricular tachycardia at the time of high-dose methylprednisolone infusion. One patient died during infusion. We measured the effects of methylprednisolone and placebo infusion on heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output in six stable renal allograft recipients. A significant rise in arterial pressure, caused by an increase in total peripheral resistance, occurred during methylprednisolone infusion. Possible mechanisms include potentiation by methylprednisolone of the vascular effects of the high plasma noradrenaline levels that are found in renal allograft recipients. We suggest that electrocardiograms and blood pressure measurements should be monitored during methylprednisolone infusion, especially in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6836710/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6836710
|
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6,836,750 |
Pilot study with adjuvant hormone therapy in FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma with myometrial invasion.
|
De Palo G G, Spatti G B GB, Bandieramonte G G, Luciani L L
|
Tumori . Vol. 69, No. 1, 1983 Feb 28
|
A pilot study with adjuvant hormone therapy in FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma with myometrial invasion was carried out. All patients received total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy plus complementary radium therapy on the vaginal stump. After the conventional treatment, patients were randomly allocated to adjuvant hormone therapy or no further treatment. Hormone therapy consisted of gestonorone caproate (17 alpha-hydroxy-19-norpregn-4-en 3, 20 dione caproate) administered i.m. at the dose of 200 mg/week for 1 year. Of the 62 patients who entered the study, 51 were considered evaluable (24 with adjuvant hormone therapy and 27 with no further treatment). Five patients had a relapse: four of these were in the group with no further treatment. Actuarial relapse-free survival analysis at 5 years was 95.7% in the group of adjuvant-treated patients and 82.8% in the control group. Although there is no statistical significance, adjuvant therapy appears to result in an increase in relapse-free survival in the group of patients with deep myometrial invasion and undifferentiated carcinoma. Further studies are necessary to assess the effectiveness of hormone adjuvant treatment in FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma with myometrial invasion.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6836750/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6836750
|
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6,836,825 |
Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing prostatectomy.
|
Ramsey E W EW, Sheth N K NK
|
Urology . Vol. 21, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
The value of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing prostatectomy was assessed in a randomized study using three schedules of gentamicin administration. All three gentamicin schedules were effective in lowering the incidence of postoperative bacteriuria, with a single dose of gentamicin two hours preoperatively being the most effective. Antibiotic prophylaxis did not significantly affect the clinical course.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6836825/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6836825
|
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] |
6,837,235 |
Immediate and long-term mental recovery from general versus epidural anesthesia in elderly patients.
|
Riis J J, Lomholt B B, Haxholdt O O, Kehlet H H, Valentin N N, Danielsen U U, Dyrberg V V
|
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 27, No. 1, 1983 Feb
|
The postoperative course of mental performance during the first week and at 3 months after operation was studied in 30 patients above the age of 60, undergoing total hip replacement arthroplasty. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either general anesthesia, epidural analgesia, or general anesthesia plus epidural analgesia. The surgically induced increase in plasma cortisol and glucose was inhibited in the two groups receiving epidural analgesia. Mental performance was studied with psychological methods. An equal degree of postoperative impairment of mental performance of 3-4 days' duration was found in all groups. Three months after surgery, mental function had improved slightly and to the same extent in all groups. We conclude that the after surgery, mental function had improved slightly and to the same extent in all groups. We conclude that the transient mental impairment occurring within the first postoperative week is caused by factors other than general anesthetic agents and the endocrine-metabolic response to surgery.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837235/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6837235
|
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] |
6,837,242 |
Suitability of plasma expanders in patients receiving low-dose heparin for prevention of venous thrombosis after surgery.
|
Korttila K K, Lauritsalo K K, Särmö A A, Gordin A A, Sundberg S S
|
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 27, No. 2, 1983 Apr
|
Patients (132) receiving low-dose heparin for the prevention of venous thrombosis after surgery were given in random order in addition to standard fluid therapy, a 500 ml infusion of balanced salt solution and glucose, 4% gelatine, 6% dextran, or 6% hydroxyethyl starch (mean molecular weight 40,000 or 125,000) after induction of anaesthesia. Variables of blood coagulation and haemostasis were measured before and after the operation, and peroperative bleeding tendency and postoperative bleeding complications were subjectively evaluated by the surgeon. None of the treatments significantly decreased platelet count or increased capillary bleeding time when compared to values before operation. The peroperative bleeding tendency was similar after each infusion (moderately-to-markedly increased in 18-32% of the patients). None of the patients given balanced salt solution and glucose only had postoperative bleeding complications, whereas 8-18% of patients given plasma expanders presented with such complications (plasma expanders vs no plasma expanders P less than 0.05). The results suggest that administration of gelatine, dextran or hydroxyethyl starch should be avoided in patients receiving low-dose heparin treatment for surgery.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837242/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6837242
|
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] |
6,837,243 |
Lidocaine given intravenously as a suppressant of cough and laryngospasm in connection with extubation after tonsillectomy.
|
Gefke K K, Andersen L W LW, Friesel E E
|
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 27, No. 2, 1983 Apr
|
The preventive effect of lidocaine against coughing in the recovery period after general anaesthesia was observed. The study was carried out as a double-blind sequential trial. At the same time the incidence of laryngospasm was registered. Lidocaine or placebo was given intravenously just before extubation. Nineteen patients for tonsillectomy, all of them over the age of 15, randomly received a 2% solution of lidocaine 2 mg/kg body weight or placebo (saline) 2 min prior to expected extubation. We found that lidocaine in this dose given prophylactically just before extubation was able to inhibit and prevent coughing in the recovery period after general anaesthesia. None of the patients included in this study got laryngospasm, and none of the patients developed serious side-effects.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837243/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6837243
|
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] |
6,837,251 |
Peroral diazepam compared with parenteral morphine/scopolamine with regard to gastric content.
|
Risbo A A, Schmidt J F JF
|
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 27, No. 2, 1983 Apr
|
In a prospective study, 62 adult patients were studied with respect to the volume and pH of their gastric contents after receiving randomly one of three different premedications. One group received flunitrazepam 2 mg perorally on the night before operation and diazepam 0.2 mg per kg body weight perorally at 7.00 a.m. on the day of operation. The patients in the second group were given flunitrazepam 2 mg perorally the night before operation and morphine/scopolamine i.m. 1 h prior to operation. In the third group no flunitrazepam was given on the night before operation, and the patients were premedicated with morphine/scopolamine i.m. 1 h preoperatively. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups with respect to the volume and pH of gastric contents after induction of anaesthesia.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837251/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6837251
|
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0.12013178318738937,
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0.2948716878890991,
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0.3041118085384369,
0.36861029267311096,
-0.3350589871406555,
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] |
6,837,255 |
Perivascular axillary block II: influence of injected volume of local anaesthetic on neural blockade.
|
Vester-Andersen T T, Christiansen C C, Sørensen M M, Kaalund-Jørgensen H O HO, Saugbjerg P P, Schultz-Møller K K
|
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 27, No. 2, 1983 Apr
|
Perivascular axillary blockade was performed on 150 patients with the aid of a catheter technique. Blockade failure due to injection outside the neurovascular sheath was found in 5.7% of the subject material. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups. The amount of local anaesthetic was constant in each group: 400 mg mepivacaine with adrenaline. However, the injected volume was a variable factor, namely 20, 40 or 80 ml. Sensory and motor blockade was tested 30 min after each injection. The following results were obtained: 1) Apart from the axillary, musculocutaneous and radial nerves, a high frequency of analgesia was found in all cutaneous areas (over 85%). 2) In the axillary area, improvements were found with increasing volume. 3) Analgesia in the musculocutaneous area occurred in 52% of the patients in group 1 (20 ml) and improved to 75% in group 2 (40 ml). However, no difference was found between group 2 and group 3 (80 ml). 4) Volume had no influence on analgesia in the radial area. 5) Motor blockade was intensified with decreasing volume, i.e. with an increase of concentration of local anaesthetic solution.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837255/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6837255
|
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] |
6,837,336 |
Drunkenness, hangover, and the heart.
|
Kupari M M
|
Acta medica Scandinavica . Vol. 213, No. 2, 1983
|
Cardiac effects of ethanol ingestion (1.75 g/kg within 3 hours) were examined in 8 healthy males by echocardiography and systolic time intervals in a controlled study. Heart rate (HR) was increased by 15% (p less than 0.05) during intoxication when blood ethanol (mean +/- SD) was 33.7 +/- 4.1 mmol/l. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension was simultaneously shortened by 4% (p less than 0.01) and LV end-systolic dimension by 3% (p less than 0.05). Stroke volume was reduced by 12% (p less than 0.05). Most subjects experienced hangover symptoms 12 hours after the beginning of ethanol intake; blood ethanol was 8.8 +/- 4.0 mmol/l. At this time, HR was raised by 17% (p less than 0.05), ejection fraction by 7% (p less than 0.05), and circumferential fiber shortening velocity by 19% (p less than 0.01); total peripheral resistance was decreased by 17% (p less than 0.001). The resultant increase in cardiac output amounted to 22% (p less than 0.01). In short, the main effect of ethanol at modest blood concentrations was to reduce LV preload without detectably impairing myocardial performance. Hangover was characterized by vasodilation as well as intensified LV myocardial and pump performances.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837336/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6837336
|
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] |
6,837,464 |
Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects in man of a new nonionic contrast agent (iohexol): advantages over standard ionic agents.
|
Mancini G B GB, Bloomquist J N JN, Bhargava V V, Stein J B JB, Lew W W, Slutsky R A RA, Shabetai R R, Higgins C B CB
|
The American journal of cardiology . Vol. 51, No. 7, 1983 Apr
|
Iohexol is a new, nonionic contrast material that has been shown in animal studies to hold great promise as an agent for coronary arteriography and ventriculography with fewer adverse hemodynamic effects than standard ionic media. At present, it has not been studied systematically in man. Fifty patients referred for elective cardiac catheterization were randomized to receive either iohexol or meglumine sodium diatrizoate (Renografin-76). Both operator and patient were blinded as to which agent was being used. Hemodynamic variables measured were pulmonary artery wedge pressure and systemic blood pressure. In addition, the following electrocardiographic indexes were evaluated: S-T segment shifts, changes in Q-T interval, changes in T-wave amplitude, and changes in heart rate. These variables were measured after left ventriculography and after both left and right coronary arteriography. Both iohexol and sodium meglumine diatrizoate produced small transient elevations in pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Systemic hypotension occurred with both agents but was more profound and longer-lasting with sodium meglumine diatrizoate. Iohexol injection resulted in no electrocardiographic changes, whereas sodium meglumine diatrizoate produced marked Q-T prolongation, as well as changes in T-wave amplitude and heart rate. Iohexol was well tolerated by the patients, and radiographic opacification was good to excellent in all cases. Thus, iohexol produces fewer deleterious hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes than sodium meglumine diatrizoate when studied in a typical adult population requiring diagnostic cardiac catheterization. This favorable preliminary experience in man has potential widespread importance because of the large number of patients undergoing angiographic procedures.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837464/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6837464
|
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6,837,487 |
Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements of young women.
|
Belko A Z AZ, Obarzanek E E, Kalkwarf H J HJ, Rotter M A MA, Bogusz S S, Miller D D, Haas J D JD, Roe D A DA
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 37, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
The riboflavin requirement of young women during periods of sedentary living and exercise was determined during a 12-wk metabolic study. The study was divided into a 6-wk no exercise period followed by a 6-wk exercise period in which subjects jogged around a track for 20 to 50 min/day. Twelve subjects, aged 19 to 27 yr, were fed a basic diet containing 0.6 mg riboflavin/1000 kcal of intake. Riboflavin intake was increased by 0.2 mg/1000 kcal increments by provision of riboflavin in a glucose polymer mixture. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the riboflavin intake required for an erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient of 1.25 during both the no exercise and exercise periods. Individual riboflavin requirements ranged from 0.62 to 1.21 mg/1000 kcal before exercise and 0.63 to 1.4 mg/1000 kcal during the exercise periods. Riboflavin requirement could not be related to the kilocalorie intake or lean body mass of the subjects. It is concluded that healthy young women require more riboflavin to achieve biochemical normality than the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowances and that exercise increases riboflavin requirements.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837487/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
6837487
|
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] |
6,837,492 |
Zinc supplementation during pregnancy: zinc concentration of serum and hair from low-income women of Mexican descent.
|
Hunt I F IF, Murphy N J NJ, Cleaver A E AE, Faraji B B, Swendseid M E ME, Coulson A H AH, Clark V A VA, Laine N N, Davis C A CA, Smith J C JC
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 37, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
The effect of zinc supplementation on concentrations of zinc in hair and serum of 213 pregnant Hispanic women attending a clinic in Los Angeles was assessed using a random, double-blind experiment. Both the treatment (T) and control (C) groups received similar vitamin and mineral supplements except that 20 mg zinc was added to the supplements for the treatment group. Nutrient intakes were calculated from 24-h recalls. The initial mean dietary zinc intake of both groups was about 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (9 +/- 5 mg). Initially there were no significant differences between the two groups in mean zinc levels in serum (66 +/- 11 micrograms/dl, C, and 65 +/- 12 micrograms/dl, T) or in hair (184 +/- 41 micrograms/g, C, and 175 +/- 38 micrograms/g, T). Zinc supplementation did not alter mean zinc levels in serum or hair but significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the number of low serum zinc values (less than or equal to 53.3 micrograms/dl) toward the end of pregnancy. Although serum zinc levels do decline in pregnancy, our results suggest that severely depressed levels (less than or equal to 50 to 55 micrograms/dl) indicate inadequate zinc status.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837492/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
6837492
|
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] |
6,837,621 |
Combined central and peripheral sympathetic blockade: absence of additive antihypertensive effects.
|
Hubbell F A FA, Weber M A MA, Drayer J I JI, Rose D E DE
|
The American journal of the medical sciences . Vol. 285, No. 2
|
Two antihypertensive agents that inhibits sympathetic activity by differing pharmacologic mechanisms, the centrally-acting alpha-adrenergic agonist, clonidine, and the peripheral alpha-adrenergic antagonist, prazosin, were compared and also given in combination in 24 patients with essential hypertension. The patients were randomized into two groups; 11 received chlorthalidone (50 mg) daily throughout the protocol, whereas 13 received no diuretic. In the 13 patients not receiving the diuretic, supine mean blood pressure fell by 11.0 +/- 3.5 mmHg (p less than 0.01) with clonidine (0.3 mg daily), 5.5 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) with prazosin (15 mg daily), and 12.7 +/- 5.2 mmHg (p less than 0.02) with the combination. In the 11 patients concurrently receiving chlorthalidone, supine mean blood pressure fell by 9.5 +/- 2.0 mmHg (p less than 0.01) when clonidine was added, 2.3 +/- 1.9 mmHg (ns) when prazosin was added, and 7.9 +/- 2.1 mmHg (p less than 0.01) with the combination. In both the presence and absence of concurrent diuretic treatment, the blood pressure-lowering effects of clonidine were greater than those of prazosin, but were not different from the antihypertensive effects of the combination of clonidine and prazosin. Therefore, the simultaneous administration of clonidine and prazosin in the doses used in this study does not appear to be more effective than clonidine alone in the treatment of patients with hypertension.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837621/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6837621
|
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] |
6,837,688 |
Effect of timolol on aqueous humor protein concentration in humans.
|
Beardsley T L TL, Shields M B MB
|
American journal of ophthalmology . Vol. 95, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
Short-term topical application of timolol, in a prospective, randomized, double-masked study of 32 human eyes, was associated with an average aqueous humor protein concentration of 38 mg/100 ml, compared to 13 mg/100 ml in control subjects (P less than .001). This apparent influence of timolol on aqueous protein levels probably resulted from reduced aqueous production. It did not affect the course of intraocular surgery.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837688/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6837688
|
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6,837,786 |
Bilateral versus unilateral electroconvulsive therapy: efficacy in melancholia.
|
Abrams R R, Taylor M A MA, Faber R R, Ts'o T O TO, Williams R A RA, Almy G G
|
The American journal of psychiatry . Vol. 140, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
The authors compared the therapeutic efficacy of bilateral and unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 51 patients with endogenous depression who were randomly assigned to bilateral (N = 24) or unilateral (N = 27) ECT. Seizures were monitored by oscilloscope. After 6 treatments blind assessment on a modified Hamilton depression scale showed an 81.1% improvement in the bilateral group compared with a 55.5% improvement in the unilateral group. Additional treatments were prescribed ad libitum by a hospital psychiatrist who was unaware of each patient's electrode placement. The unilateral group received more total treatments and were more frequently switched to bilateral ECT. These results were independent of age, severity of illness, or sedative drug administration.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837786/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6837786
|
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] |
6,837,813 |
The rural dental health program: the effect of a school-based, dental health education program on children's utilization of dental services.
|
Bentley J M JM, Cormier P P, Oler J J
|
American journal of public health . Vol. 73, No. 5, 1983 May
|
Eighteen-hundred rural children ages five through thirteen were randomly assigned for dental treatment to a school-based practice, and to private practitioners in the community. Simultaneously, five of the nine public schools attended by the children offered an enriched program of dental education while the remaining schools taught the regular health education courses. All children participated in a school based fluoride program and their dental treatment was provided without charge. Data indicating how the children utilized dental services were collected over the three-year treatment phase of the study. Evidence from the third treatment year indicates that children assigned to the school based practice who also attended a school offering enriched dental health education used dental services on a more regular basis than children in the other three groups. Evidence obtained from log-linear modeling supports the hypothesis that dental health education had a positive effect on children's utilization of dental service.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837813/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6837813
|
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] |
6,837,864 |
Shaving versus skin depilatory cream for preoperative skin preparation. A prospective study of wound infection rates.
|
Thur de Koos P P, McComas B B
|
American journal of surgery . Vol. 145, No. 3, 1983 Mar
|
A prospective, randomized study compared the effect of preoperative shaving versus chemical depilation on wound infection in 253 patients. No statistical difference was found between the two methods. Depilatory cream did save time by allowing hair to be removed the day before surgery and did offer an advantage in areas that were difficult to shave or if the patient was scheduled for diagnostic procedures and operations in the same operative area in close succession.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6837864/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6837864
|
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6,838,068 |
Clindamycin compared with penicillin for the treatment of anaerobic lung abscess.
|
Levison M E ME, Mangura C T CT, Lorber B B, Abrutyn E E, Pesanti E L EL, Levy R S RS, MacGregor R R RR, Schwartz A R AR
|
Annals of internal medicine . Vol. 98, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
The clinical efficacy of clindamycin was compared with that of penicillin in a randomized study of the treatment of community-acquired putrid lung abscess. After starting therapy, patients treated with clindamycin had a shorter febrile period and fewer days of fetid sputum than patients treated with penicillin (mean 4.4 versus 7.6 days and 4.2 versus 8.0 days, respectively, p less than 0.05). Four of 20 patients treated with penicillin had clinically significant pulmonary or pleural extension of their infection within 10 days after starting therapy; this was not found in any of 19 patients treated with clindamycin (p less than 0.05). Penicillin treatment failed in two additional patients after 20 days of therapy. Within 1 month after treatment, 1 of 4 patients given penicillin for 3 weeks had relapse, but none of the 13 patients given clindamycin for 3 or 6 weeks, and none of the 5 patients given penicillin for 6 weeks had relapse. Overall, only 8 of 15 patients treated with penicillin who could be followed to the end of the study were cured, whereas all 13 patients treated with clindamycin who could be followed were cured (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that penicillin may not be optimal therapy for anaerobic lung abscess.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838068/
|
[
"Case Reports",
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6838068
|
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] |
6,838,322 |
Panic-induced elevation of plasma MHPG levels in phobic-anxious patients. Effects of clonidine and imipramine.
|
Ko G N GN, Elsworth J D JD, Roth R H RH, Rifkin B G BG, Leigh H H, Redmond D E DE
|
Archives of general psychiatry . Vol. 40, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
Six subjects with the phobic-anxiety syndrome were treated in a controlled, crossover trial of clonidine hydrochloride v imipramine hydrochloride for periods of four weeks each. During each drug trial and during baseline placebo treatment, each patient exposed himself or herself to a situation that previously elicited panic attacks. Self-rated anxiety and plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) were measured to study the effect of the drug treatments on noradrenergic activity and anxiety. Plasma MHPG level correlated highly with rated anxiety under all conditions, and was consistent with significant symptom reduction by clonidine or imipramine. Diminished suppression of plasma MHPG concentrations in two subjects was associated with the continued emergence of panic symptoms in response to phobic stimuli.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838322/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6838322
|
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] |
6,838,671 |
Diet therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
|
Panush R S RS, Carter R L RL, Katz P P, Kowsari B B, Longley S S, Finnie S S
|
Arthritis and rheumatism . Vol. 26, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
Although diet therapy for arthritis has received considerable publicity, there is little objective information about its efficacy. We undertook a 10-week, controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Twenty-six patients completed the study; 11 were on an experimental diet (a specific popular diet free of additives, preservatives, fruit, red meat, herbs, and dairy products) and 15 were on a "placebo" diet. Of 183 variables analyzed, there were no clinically important differences among rheumatologic, laboratory, immunologic, radiologic, or nutritional findings between patients on experimental and placebo diets. Six RA patients on the placebo and 5 on the experimental diet improved by objective criteria. Improvement averaged 29% for patients on placebo and 32% for patients on experimental diets. Two patients on the experimental diet improved notably, elected to remain on the experimental diet following the study period, have continued to improve, and noted exacerbations of disease upon consuming nonexperimental diet foods. Our study failed to provide evidence of objective overall clinical benefit of this diet as followed by a group of patients with longstanding, progressive, active RA. However, our data are not inconsistent with the possibility that individualized dietary manipulations might be beneficial for selected patients with rheumatic disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838671/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
6838671
|
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] |
6,838,691 |
The peripheral circulation and treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.
|
Coffman J D JD, Rasmussen H M HM
|
Atherosclerosis . Vol. 46, No. 1, 1983 Jan
|
Forty patients with hyperlipoproteinemia were followed 4-9.3 years by non-invasive tests of their lower extremity circulation. Twenty-eight patients were treated by diet and/or drugs, and 12 patients were controls. Although all patients had abnormal non-invasive tests, only 15 patients had intermittent claudication. Seven patients had improved circulation tests while 13 showed a deterioration in the tests; 20 patients had no changes. The patients who showed improvement in tests had the highest incidence of intermittent claudication and the lowest average ankle to brachial artery systolic blood pressure index. Although treatment patients had a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL, no significant differences were found when the results of the circulation tests were analyzed according to treatment or control status of the patients, to abnormal lipid patterns, or, ignoring treatment status, to a decrease in lipids. The patients who showed a deterioration in tests had a significantly higher total cholesterol level at the beginning of, but not during, the study and did not significantly decrease their triglycerides. No significant changes occurred in HDL, LDL, or VLDL. This study presents a methodology for the long-term, non-invasive assessment of peripheral arterial disease and a pilot study for its application. Despite the small number of patients studied, the failure to demonstrate benefit would discourage a larger clinical trial of this treatment protocol.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838691/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6838691
|
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] |
6,838,742 |
Psychomimetic reactions after low-dose ketamine infusion. Comparison with neuroleptanaesthesia.
|
Klausen N O NO, Wiberg-Jørgensen F F, Chraemmer-Jørgensen B B
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
Low-dose ketamine anaesthesia was compared with neuroleptanaesthesia, in respect of immediate and longer-term psychomimetic reactions, in 40 female patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery. Qualitatively, but not quantitatively, different psychomimetic reactions occurred in both groups. In the neurolept group the predominant complaint was of a dissociative nature, reported after 24 h by 11 (55%) of the patients, while in the ketamine group the predominant experience was dreaming, reported by eight (40%) of the patients after 24 h. Interviews after 3 months revealed a low frequency of psychomimetic reactions in both groups. However, 30% of all the patients (12) complained of impairment of intellectual function, and in seven patients this was severe enough to interfere with their ability to work.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838742/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6838742
|
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] |
6,838,743 |
Posture and the spread of extradural analgesia in labour.
|
Merry A F AF, Cross J A JA, Mayadeo S V SV, Wild C J CJ
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
Thirty-five patients kept in a sitting position for 5 min after a standard extradural injection in labour were compared with 54 patients maintained in the left lateral position throughout. The mean upper limit of analgesia was unchanged. A significant shift of the mean lower limit occurred in the sitting patients (P = 0.05, two-tailed), but contrary to classical teaching this was in a cephalad direction. Successful sacral blockade (analgesia at S234) and asymmetry of blockade occurred in a similar proportion of each group. It was concluded that the sitting position conferred no clinical advantage to patients receiving extradural analgesia in labour.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838743/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6838743
|
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] |
6,838,744 |
Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. The use of 0.5% bupivacaine.
|
Russell I F IF
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
Subarachnoid anaesthesia was induced with 0.5% bupivacaine 2-3.5 ml in 33 women scheduled for elective Caesarean section. Three patients failed to develop adequate analgesia with bupivacaine but were managed satisfactorily with heavy cinchocaine. All the other patients developed adequate analgesia eventually. Since the spread of analgesia was uniquely dependent on posture a new hypothesis is presented to explain the distribution of intrathecal anaesthetic drugs in late pregnancy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838744/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6838744
|
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] |
6,838,746 |
Comparison of effects of intraoperative and postoperative methadone: acute tolerance to the postoperative dose?
|
Porter E J EJ, McQuay H J HJ, Bullingham R E RE, Weir L L, Allen M C MC, Moore R A RA
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 55, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
The effects of methadone 10 mg administered in two different clinical contexts, at induction of anaesthesia and following operation, were studied in two groups of patients undergoing elective total hip replacement. The intraoperative group received methadone 10 mg i.v. at induction of anaesthesia as part of a balanced anaesthetic technique. The postoperative group received methadone 10 mg i.v. following operation, extradural bupivacaine being used for the operative period. A demand analgesia system delivering methadone i.v. was used after operation in both groups. Arterial blood-gas tensions, cortisol and glucose concentrations, analgesic effects and plasma methadone concentrations were compared in the two groups. The only major difference between the two groups was in analgesic requirement. At the time of connection to the demand system the two groups had the same plasma methadone concentrations. Subsequently, the postoperative group had a significantly greater analgesic requirement which resulted in significantly greater plasma methadone concentrations the following morning. Thus, the administration of methadone following operation appeared to exert less analgesic effect than the same dose given during operation. The reasons for this are discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838746/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6838746
|
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] |
6,839,001 |
Human platelet response to three salicylate dosage forms.
|
Thiessen J J JJ, Grad H H, Macleod S M SM, Spino M M
|
Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition . Vol. 4, No. 1
|
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) inhibition of platelet aggregation as evaluated by collagen-induced 14C-serotonin release, has been measured in 12 healthy male subjects. Each subject received a single oral dose (650 mg) of enteric-coated ASA (ecASA) and compressed ASA tablets (cASA), or ecASA and sodium salicylate (578 mg) separated by a minimum of 5 weeks. The platelet response was related to plasma ASA and salicyclic acid determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Both ecASA and cASA inhibited 14C-serotonin release; no significant difference was observed in the maximum effect between these two products (p less than 0.05). No relationship was found between the maximum observed plasma ASA level and the maximum effect. Further, no correlation was found between the maximum inhibition of 14C-serotonin release in vivo and the release predicted from in vitro experiments wherein the effect was measured after incubating plasma containing specified ASA concentrations.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839001/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6839001
|
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] |
6,839,003 |
Absorption of theophylline from enteric coated and sustained release formulations in fasted and non-fasted subjects.
|
Osman M A MA, Patel R B RB, Irwin D S DS, Welling P G PG
|
Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition . Vol. 4, No. 1
|
The influence of prior food ingestion, and also of varying fluid volumes, on plasma theophylline levels was examined following single oral doses of two sustained-release formulations, Theobid (260 mg) and Theo-Dur (200 mg) and one partially enteric-coated formulation, Choledyl (128 mg), to 9 healthy volunteers. Prior food ingestion tended to delay the absorption of theophylline from all formulations to a small extent. This effect was observed only at early sampling times, and plasma drug profiles were similar for all treatments within a particular formulation. Theobid and Theo-Dur gave rise to plasma profiles that were characteristic of sustained-release formulations, with mean Cmax values of 5.5-5.7 micrograms ml-1 (Theobid) and 2.8-3.2 micrograms ml-1 (Theo-Dur) occurring at 5.8-9.1 h after dosing. Choledyl gave rise to a longer absorption lag time than the other formulations but was subsequently absorbed at a faster rate yielding mean Cmax values of 3.2-3.5 micrograms ml-1 at 2.8-4.1 h. The intersubject variability in theophylline plasma levels, and also in most pharmacokinetic parameter values, was generally less following Theo-Dur compared to the other formulations.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839003/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6839003
|
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] |
6,839,004 |
Influence of inflammatory disease on the clinical pharmacokinetics of atenolol and metoprolol.
|
Kirch W W, Spahn H H, Ohnhaus E E EE, Köhler H H, Heinz U U, Mutschler E E
|
Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition . Vol. 4, No. 1
|
The influence of inflammatory disease on the pharmacokinetics of atenolol and metoprolol was investigated after administering single oral 100 mg doses of the drugs to six subjects. Each subject had a respiratory tract infection with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of over 20 mm in the first hour and a body temperature of at least 38.5 degrees. Since the subjects subsequently received atenolol and metoprolol when they were healthy, each person acted as his own control. Inflammatory disease had no influence on the kinetics of metoprolol. In contrast, mean peak plasma levels and AUC for atenolol were significantly lower, both by about 40 per cent, during infectious disease compared to the healthy state (p less than 0.05), where as renal clearance of atenolol slightly increased from 110.8 +/- 14.7 ml min-1 in the healthy state to 128 +/- 21.6 ml min-1, when the ESR's were elevated. The elimination half-life of atenolol, about 10 h, was not affected by the health status of the subjects. Reduced absorption in the gastro-intestinal tract and enhanced elimination of atenolol from plasma might account for the decreased AUC and peak plasma levels of the drug during inflammatory disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839004/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6839004
|
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] |
6,839,561 |
Diuretic effect and pharmacokinetics of tizolemide in subjects with normal and decreased renal function.
|
Beermann B B, Odlind B B, Wibell L L
|
Clinical nephrology . Vol. 19, No. 3, 1983 Mar
|
Tizolemide, a new sulphonamide diuretic, has alkaline properties and is cleared by a tubular transport system which differs from the PAH-excreting system which transports thiazide diuretics. The effect of this drug on the excretion of sodium and other electrolytes, and its pharmacokinetics, were evaluated in 5 healthy volunteers and in 10 patients with renal disease who had GFRs ranging from 5-98 ml/min. The saluretic effect of tizolemide was compared with that of placebo. The increase in sodium and chloride excretion after a single dose of 50 mg i.v. was clearly dependent on residual renal function but could be observed in all except one patient. It remains to be assessed whether a full diuretic effect can be achieved in patients with renal insufficiency if higher doses are used. The plasma half-life was 3.0 hours in healthy subjects but increased in patients with renal insufficiency to a maximum of 52 hours. In normal subjects total plasma clearance (611 ml/min) mainly depended on the renal clearance (564 ml/min) which decreased in proportion to GFR, whereas non-renal clearance remained unchanged. The large apparent volume of distribution of the drug (166 l/1.73 m2 BSA) did not increase significantly in uremia. Clinical trials with this drug in patients with reduced renal function must take into account the expected prolongation of its half-life.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839561/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6839561
|
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] |
6,839,635 |
Dose-dependent effect of cimetidine on phenytoin kinetics.
|
Bartle W R WR, Walker S E SE, Shapero T T
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 33, No. 5, 1983 May
|
Eight normal subjects were given 250 mg intravenous phenytoin alone and with 3-day regimens of oral cimetidine, 400 mg at bedtime, 1200 mg a day, and 2400 mg a day in a randomized crossover fashion. Plasma samples for phenytoin and cimetidine, and urinary concentrations for phenytoin and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH) were measured by HPLC. All cimetidine regimens decreased phenytoin clearance, and there was no difference between the 400-mg bedtime dose and the 1200-mg a day regimens. There was, however, a difference between the 400-mg and 1200-mg and the 2400-mg regimens. There was no linear correlation between steady state cimetidine plasma concentrations and the decrease in phenytoin clearance. Urinary HPPH/phenytoin ratios decreased with all cimetidine treatments, but the differences were not significant. Phenytoin toxicity may result when cimetidine is added to existing regimens of this anticonvulsant.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839635/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6839635
|
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] |
6,839,667 |
The effects of human milk and low-protein formulae on the rates of total body protein turnover and urinary 3-methyl-histidine excretion of preterm infants.
|
Pencharz P B PB, Farri L L, Papageorgiou A A
|
Clinical science (London, England : 1979) . Vol. 64, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
1. The effects of human milk and two low-protein formulae on the protein metabolism of 30 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants, birth weight 1.5-2.0 kg, were studied. The compositions of the two formulae were identical except for the protein source, with either casein or whey predominant. 2. The three diet groups all received similar nitrogen (390 mg of N day-1 kg-1) and energy intakes (500 kJ day-1 kg-1). 3. Growth rates for length and weight were comparable and approximated to intrauterine growth. Nitrogen absorption and net nitrogen utilization were enhanced in the human-milk-fed group. However, there were no differences in nitrogen retention, which averaged 274 mg day-1 kg-1 and approximated to intrauterine accretion rates. 4. Rates of whole-body nitrogen flux, protein synthesis and breakdown in the human-milk group were increased by 43-54% over the values seen in either of the two formula-fed groups (P less than 0.01). No differences were seen between the two formula groups. 5. No differences were seen in urine 3-methylhistidine excretion between the three study groups. 6. Our results suggest significant differences in the whole-body protein metabolism of formula-fed infants compared with human-milk-fed infants.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839667/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6839667
|
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] |
6,839,666 |
Haemodynamic responses to static and dynamic handgrip before and after autonomic blockade.
|
Lewis S F SF, Taylor W F WF, Bastian B C BC, Graham R M RM, Pettinger W A WA, Blomqvist C G CG
|
Clinical science (London, England : 1979) . Vol. 64, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
1. Six healthy men performed static and dynamic handgrip to local muscular fatigue in approximately 6 min under control conditions, i.e. without drugs and after combined parasympathetic and beta-adrenergic blockade with atropine and metoprolol. 2. From rest to exercise at fatigue, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures increased by 32 +/- 4 and 39 +/- 3 mmHg, 24 +/- 3 and 26 +/- 4 mmHg, and 26 +/- 3 and 30 +/- 3 mmHg respectively for static and dynamic handgrip. There were no significant differences between the pressor responses for the two modes of contraction. Cardiac output increased significantly only during dynamic exercise. Total peripheral resistance increased by 2.3 +/- 1.0 units for static handgrip (P less than 0.05) and by 0.7 +/- 0.8 unit (P greater than 0.05) for dynamic handgrip. Autonomic blockade abolished the heart rate response to both static and dynamic handgrip. For both modes of contraction the systolic arterial pressure responses were 9-12 mmHg lower (P less than 0.05) after autonomic blockade, but the diastolic and mean pressure responses were not significantly affected. A significant increase in cardiac output persisted during dynamic exercise. The increase in peripheral resistance during static exercise tended to be greater after blockade. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels showed only minor elevations in response to static and dynamic handgrip and were not changed by autonomic blockade. 3. These data indicate that when performed to a common end-point with identical small muscle groups static and dynamic exercise produce an equally large pressor response, which is only slightly attenuated by autonomic blockade.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839666/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6839666
|
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] |
6,839,757 |
Side effects of danazol compared with an ethinyloestradiol/norgestrel combination when used for postcoital contraception.
|
Rowlands S S, Guillebaud J J, Bounds W W, Booth M M
|
Contraception . Vol. 27, No. 1, 1983 Jan
|
A postcoital contraceptive with a lower incidence of nausea and vomiting than oestrogen-progestogen combinations would be a significant advance. During a nine-month period, 101 women were treated at the Margaret Pyke Centre in London with either an oestrogen-progestogen combination or with danazol. A comparison of the side effects of each drug is reported. Those treated with danazol were six times less likely to experience nausea and none vomited. With the exception of breast symptoms, other side effects were five times less common in women receiving danazol. These differences give danazol a clear advantage in terms of patient acceptability. Further experience will enable the efficacy of danazol to be evaluated and so determine whether this drug should become the preferred hormonal postcoital treatment.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839757/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6839757
|
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] |
6,839,761 |
A randomised comparative evaluation of the copper 7, multiload copper 250 and T copper-22OC IUDs.
|
Goh T H TH, Sinnathuray T A TA, Sivanesaratnam V V, Sen D K DK, Lim L S LS, Ratnam S S SS, Karim S M SM, McCarthy T T, Hutapea H H, Hanafiah M J MJ, Simandjuntak P P
|
Contraception . Vol. 27, No. 1, 1983 Jan
|
Two new Cu-IUDs, the TCu-22OC and Multiload Cu250, were evaluated against the Cu7 in 1,199 subjects in a randomised, multicentric trial using a common study protocol. During the 2 years following insertion, cumulative first-segment rates for total use-related terminations showed no significant differences between the 3 devices; however, the Cu7 had a significantly higher termination rate for accidental pregnancy compared to the TCu-22OC and its expulsion rate was significantly higher than the ML Cu250. The rate of accidental pregnancy was higher and the expulsion rate lower with the ML Cu250 compared to the TCu-22OC but these differences were not significant. The results are discussed in relation to IUD design and their application in family planning.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839761/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6839761
|
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] |
6,839,797 |
A study of sulindac versus ibuprofen in elderly patients with osteoarthritis.
|
Admani A K AK, Verma S S
|
Current medical research and opinion . Vol. 8, No. 5, 1983
|
A study was carried out in 30 elderly patients, aged between 65 and 89 years, with osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee joints to assess the efficacy and tolerance of sulindac compared with ibuprofen. Patients were allocated at random to receive either 200 mg sulindac twice daily or 400 mg ibuprofen 3-times daily for 12 weeks. The results showed that whilst both drugs produced improvement in the patient symptoms assessed, the only improvements reaching a statistically significant level were those for weight-bearing pain, pain on passive movement of the left lower limb joints and disease activity in the sulindac group. Both drugs were well tolerated and few side-effects were reported. However, 1 patient in the sulindac group had haematemesis and melaena (Week 1) and 1 in the ibuprofen group developed a rash (Week 9) and had to be withdrawn.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839797/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6839797
|
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] |
6,839,799 |
Reduced faecal blood loss in patients receiving choline magnesium trisalicylate ('Trilisate') when compared with aspirin.
|
Wraight E P EP, Seaman M J MJ
|
Current medical research and opinion . Vol. 8, No. 5, 1983
|
A study was carried out in 16 healthy male volunteers to compare the effects on faecal blood loss of comparable daily doses of choline magnesium trisalicylate (3 g) and acetylsalicylic acid (2.4 g) given over a period of 7 days. Faecal blood loss was measured by 51Cr labelling of red cells. Haematological parameters were also monitored. Faecal blood loss and the reduction in haemoglobin levels were significantly less in the choline magnesium trisalicylate group than in the acetylsalicylic acid group. No significant differences were detected in the partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time or bleeding time in either group.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839799/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6839799
|
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] |
6,839,914 |
Echocardiographic effects of high and low volumes of maintenance fluid administration in low-birth-weight infants.
|
Warburton D D, Bell E F EF, Stonestreet B S BS, Oh W W
|
Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 6, No. 1, 1983
|
Serial M-mode echocardiograms were performed during days 3-20 of life in 73 low-birth-weight infants randomized on day 3 of life to 'high' (n = 40) and 'low' (n = 33) fluid regimens designed to give significantly different maintenance fluid intakes (172 +/- 25 and 121 +/- 13 ml/kg/day, mean +/- SD, respectively, p less than 0.001). The groups were comparable with respect to birth weight, gestational age, incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and mean number of serial echocardiograms performed per infant (9 and 9), respectively. Calorie and electrolyte intake were not controlled in the study design. Cumulative echocardiographic data were compared by unpaired t test. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter, right ventricular end diastolic diameter, septal excursion, left ventricular posterior wall excursion and left atrial to aortic root ratio were slightly but statistically significantly larger in the 'high' fluid group. Comparison of regression coefficients showed that left ventricular end-diastolic diameter tended to rise with postnatal age in the 'high' group and fall with postnatal age in the 'low' group. Left atrial to aortic root ratio tended to fall with postnatal age in the 'low' group relative to the 'high' group. These differences in echocardiographic measurements may reflect adaptation of the circulation to a degree of chronic volume overload in low-birth-weight infants.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6839914/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6839914
|
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] |
6,840,159 |
Acute antihypertensive effect and pharmacokinetics of a tablet preparation of nifedipine.
|
Banzet O O, Colin J N JN, Thibonnier M M, Singlas E E, Alexandre J M JM, Corvol P P
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 24, No. 2, 1983
|
A tablet formulation of nifedipine was given to 8 hospitalized hypertensive men, W.H.O. stage I or II, mean age 45 years. After an initial placebo test, nifedipine 20, 40 or 60 mg was given in random order at 72-h intervals, in a single administration crossover study. The placebo and the active drug were given at 8 a.m. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured twice by the same observer, every 20 min from 7 to 8 a.m., and then hourly until 8 p.m., first in recumbency and again after 1 min of standing upright. Plasma nifedipine was assayed in samples taken hourly from 8 a.m. to noon, every 2 h from noon to 8 p.m., and 24 and 48 h after drug administration. All 3 doses significantly lowered blood pressure; the fall during recumbency was significantly larger (-18%) and lasted longer (12 h) after 60 mg than after 20 mg (-11% and 7 h). All 3 doses caused a similar increase in heart rate (+29 to +38%), which reached its maximum after 2 h and lasted for 5 h. The maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration--time curve were dose-dependent despite large inter-subject variation. Absorption, bioavailability and elimination were linear between the 20 and 60 mg doses. Plasma nifedipine levels were strongly correlated with the concomitant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001). Four patients experienced mild side effects (headaches, flushes, drowsiness or weakness). This tablet form of nifedipine has a potent antihypertensive action which lasts longer than that of the capsule presentation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6840159/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6840159
|
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] |
6,840,161 |
Cadralazine (ISF 2469): dose-related antihypertensive activity after single oral administration to patients.
|
Catalano M M, Parini J J, Libretti A A
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 24, No. 2, 1983
|
Cadralazine (ISF 2469) was administered to 24 hypertensive patients in single oral doses of 7.5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg, according to a single-blind, placebo-controlled, within-patient change-over design. The study was done in 2 stages: in the first a range including the upper and lower doses was studied (7.5, 15, 30 mg and placebo), and in the second the range of doses was restricted (10, 15, 20 mg and placebo). The drug produced a significant decrease in blood pressure in the supine and standing positions. The decrease became clinically important starting from the 15 mg dose. Its action was still significant 12 h after administration. A significant increase in heart rate was also observed. All the effects were correlated with the dose. Side effects occurred mainly after the 30 mg dose. Thus, cadralazine, in a single oral dose in man, showed good antihypertensive activity starting from the 15 mg dose, and its effect was dose-related, slow in onset and long-lasting.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6840161/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6840161
|
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] |
6,840,163 |
Haemodynamic and clinical effects of isosorbide-dinitrate in patients with severe effort angina on beta-blocking treatment.
|
Jensen G G, Trautner F F, Rasmussen S S, Hesse B B
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 24, No. 2, 1983
|
The effect of isosorbide-dinitrate (ISDN) 20 mg 4 times daily against placebo has been tested in 12 patients with stable effort induced angina pectoris receiving prophylactic treatment with metoprolol. ISDN did not decrease the attack rate or nitroglycerine consumption, nor was exercise tolerance increased after it. Left ventricular function, assessed by radionuclide ventriculography, increased in 6 out of 8 patients (p less than 0.1). It is concluded that ISDN has no place in the treatment of haemodynamically intact patients with severe angina pectoris in spite of beta-blocking treatment, but that it may be of value in the treatment of patients with left ventricular failure, including those whose left ventricular failure has been brought about by beta-blocking treatment necessitated by angina pectoris.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6840163/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6840163
|
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] |
6,840,166 |
A naturalistic study of hypertension in a rural U.K. community. 2 Years results.
|
Fell P J PJ, Shakespeare J M JM, Watson N P NP, O'Donnell H F HF
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 24, No. 2, 1983
|
A naturalistic study was set up to screen, identify and treat hypertensive patients aged 20-60 years in a rural general practice. 3,222 patients (92%) of a stable population of 3,489 were screened by 2 nurse research assistants and of these 455 patients (14%) were found to be hypertensive or borderline hypertensive. After careful assessment, 192 of these patients were found suitable for treatment and subsequently 138 entered the study. Two well recognised treatment regimes were used and no significant difference between patient response resulted. 84 patients (60.9%) completed the 2 year duration of the study discussed here. The cost of the study is not feasible in an average general practice, but day to day running of such a project, run along clearly defined treatment regimes was managed easily by 2 research assistants: this reduced, therefore, the work load on individual general practitioners.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6840166/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6840166
|
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-0.307091623544693,
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0.28696146607398987,
0.4604615569114685,
-0.11290918290615082,
-0.33473336696624756
] |
6,840,169 |
Pharmacokinetics of Sobrerol in chronic bronchitis. Comparison of serum and bronchial mucus levels.
|
Braga P C PC, De Angelis L L, Bossi R R, Scaglione F F, Scarpazza G G, Allegra L L, Fraschini F F
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 24, No. 2, 1983
|
The pharmacokinetic profile of Sobrerol, a mucolytic drug, has been studied in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and dense sputum. In addition to measurement of serum and urine levels, the concentration in bronchial mucus was also examined, and their correlation was calculated. Mass fragmentographic analysis was used to assay free sobrerol and its principal urinary metabolites hydrated carvone and glucuronidated sobrerol. After the doses and administration routes used, there appeared to be accumulation of sobrerol in bronchial mucus. This is a feature of great interest and value for a drug which has the specific action of liquifying mucus.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6840169/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6840169
|
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6,840,172 |
Pharmacokinetic interactions of timolol with vasodilating drugs, food and phenobarbitone in healthy human volunteers.
|
Mäntylä R R, Männistö P P, Nykänen S S, Koponen A A, Lamminsivu U U
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 24, No. 2, 1983
|
Pharmacokinetic interactions of oral timolol maleate 10 mg, with food (3566 kJ), single oral doses of prazosin 1 mg and dihydralazine 25 mg, and with a 1 week pretreatment with phenobarbitone 100 mg daily were examined in a randomized crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers. After fasting, the peak level (Cmax = 29.1 +/- 3.2 ng/ml; mean +/- SEM) was reached at 1.3 +/- 0.1 h (Tmax). The total area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC0-infinity) was 154.4 +/- 33.8 ng x h/ml, total clearance (Cltot) 751.5 +/- 90.6 ml/min, renal clearance (Clren) 97.2 +/- 10.1 ml/min, elimination half-life (t1/2) 2.9 +/- 0.3 h and 24-h recovery in urine (X0u-24) 11.1 +/- 1.4% of the dose. Food and prazosin did not significantly affect the fate of timolol maleate. Dihydralazine enhanced Cmax (38.2 +/- 4.6 ng/ml) only when compared to phenobarbitone treatment, and did not affect any other parameters. Phenobarbitone pretreatment somewhat lowered Cmax (25.5 +/- 3.9 ng/ml), AUC0-infinity (117.5 +/- 22.1; p less than 0.05 vs food) and X0u-24 (8.7 +/- 1.2%), evidently by increasing Cltot (957.5 +/- 116.9 ml/min; p less than 0.05 vs food), but it did not affect Clren. It is concluded that the pharmacokinetics of timolol maleate can be altered to a limited extent in opposite directions by dihydralazine and phenobarbitone.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6840172/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6840172
|
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] |
6,840,181 |
The pharmacokinetics of melphalan in patients with multiple myeloma: an intravenous/oral study using a conventional dose regimen.
|
Woodhouse K W KW, Hamilton P P, Lennard A A, Rawlins M D MD
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 24, No. 2, 1983
|
The pharmacokinetics of melphalan have been studied after intravenous and oral dosing (10 mg) in 6 patients with multiple myeloma. After intravenous administration, mean plasma t0.5 alpha was 8.0 +/- 2.3 min, t0,5 beta was 63.3 +/- 8.7 min, and total systemic clearance was 510.4 +/- 57.9 ml/min. After oral administration, the drug was rapidly absorbed (lag-time = 18.4 +/- 3.7 min, absorption rate constant = 0.0547 +/- 0.0166 min-1, Tmax = 59.3 +/- 6.6 min), but there was considerable variation in its bioavailability (61.5 - 102.0% mean 78.3 +/- 6.3%). Variability in drug absorption may be responsible, at least in part, for variation in response to this drug.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6840181/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6840181
|
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] |
6,300,213 |
Antigen-induced local mediator release and cellular inflammatory responses in atopic subjects.
|
Bedard P M PM, Atkins P C PC, Zweiman B B
|
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology . Vol. 71, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
We report comparisons of histamine release and neutrophil exudation in skin-window sites of 27 pollen-sensitive subjects challenged with antigen or buffer. More histamine was released within 30 min into appended collection chambers in antigen sites vs control sites. There were also more neutrophils adhering to membrane filters applied for 1 hr to the blister bases in antigen-challenged sites vs buffer sites. Comparison of skin-test extinction dilution titer, histamine release, and neutrophil accumulation in antigen-challenged sites in individual subjects showed that (1) there was no correlation between degrees of local histamine and neutrophil accumulation, (2) the increase in histamine but not in neutrophils correlated inversely with the concentration of antigen required to elicit a minimum wheal, and (3) both histamine and neutrophil increases were induced by antigen in a dose-dependent manner.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6300213/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6300213
|
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] |
6,301,262 |
Effect of ranitidine on healing of peptic ulcer: a 2-month study.
|
Leroux P P, Farley A A, Archambault A A, Pilon G G, Gosselin D D, Paré P P, Lévesque D D, Sherbaniuk R R, Thomson A B AB
|
The American journal of gastroenterology . Vol. 78, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
A multicenter trial of oral ranitidine 150 mg bid was conducted in 41 patients with duodenal and 30 with gastric ulcers. Patients were randomly allocated in double-blind fashion to 4 wk treatment with either ranitidine or placebo, after which all unhealed patients were given 4 wk on the active drug without breaking the original allocation code. After 4 wk of treatment the healing rate associated with ranitidine was significantly superior to that of placebo in both duodenal and gastric ulcer patients. Further improvement in cumulative healing rates was observed after the 2nd month of the study. After the allocation code was broken and all patients had had the opportunity of up to 8 wk on the active drug, there remained only a single unhealed pyloric ulcer. No serious adverse effects or biochemical abnormalities were observed. Ranitidine is a potent and well-tolerated H2 antagonist. Therapy for 4 or 8 wk is highly effective in the treatment of uncomplicated gastroduodenal ulcer.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6301262/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6301262
|
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] |
6,301,320 |
Prevention of cytomegalovirus infection by cytomegalovirus immune globulin after marrow transplantation.
|
Meyers J D JD, Leszczynski J J, Zaia J A JA, Flournoy N N, Newton B B, Snydman D R DR, Wright G G GG, Levin M J MJ, Thomas E D ED
|
Annals of internal medicine . Vol. 98, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
In an effort to prevent cytomegalovirus infection among seronegative patients having marrow transplants, a globulin with high antibody levels against cytomegalovirus was given before and for 11 weeks after transplantation in a randomized trial. Among 36 patients who received no prophylactic granulocyte transfusions, globulin recipients had significantly fewer infections than controls (2 of 17 versus 8 of 19, p = 0.05 by Fisher's exact test and p = 0.03 by Mantel-Cox test). Conversely, infection rates were high and unchanged by globulin use among patients who received granulocytes from seropositive donors (7 of 8 recipients versus 6 of 7 controls). The lack of effect of the globulin among patients receiving transfusions of granulocytes from seropositive donors may suggest that the dose of antibody was insufficient or that antibody is ineffective against virus transmitted in granulocytes. We conclude that cytomegalovirus infection can be prevented by immunoprophylaxis in seronegative patients having marrow transplants who are not given granulocyte transfusions.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6301320/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6301320
|
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] |
6,301,364 |
Comparative study of ceftriaxone and aqueous procaine penicillin G in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in women.
|
Judson F N FN, Ehret J M JM, Root C J CJ
|
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy . Vol. 23, No. 2, 1983 Feb
|
Uncomplicated gonorrhea of 122 mucosal sites in 51 women was successfully treated with either a single intramuscular dose of 250 mg of ceftriaxone (23 patients) or two intramuscular doses of 4.8 X 10(6) U of aqueous procaine penicillin G (28 patients). Women treated with ceftriaxone had 22 cervical, 12 urethral, 10 anal canal, and 5 pharyngeal infections. All 122 pretreatment isolates were inhibited by 0.0125 microgram or less of ceftriaxone per ml. The minimal concentration needed to inhibit 90% of isolates was 0.006 microgram/ml for ceftriaxone and 0.2 microgram/ml for penicillin G. Ceftriaxone was very well tolerated and caused no toxicity.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6301364/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6301364
|
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] |
6,301,412 |
Multiple-drop study of topically applied 1% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human eyes.
|
Jay W M WM, Green K K
|
Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) . Vol. 101, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
Twenty-eight male volunteers were given either 1% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) or vehicle alone (light mineral oil). They used the medication four times per day for one week. Five volunteers, four of which used vehicle alone, discontinued the study because of burning sensation and lid swelling. In the 23 volunteers who completed the study, there was no difference in intraocular pressure between eyes treated with 1% delta 9-THC and controls.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6301412/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6301412
|
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] |
6,301,671 |
Adriamycin and Cytoxan in the treatment of inoperable lung cancer.
|
Hoeltgen T M TM, MacIntyre J M JM, Perlia C P CP, Lagakos S W SW, Stolbach L L LL, Bennett J M JM
|
Cancer . Vol. 51, No. 11, 1983 Jun 01
|
The results of a clinical trial involving 599 patients with inoperable squamous cell, large cell anaplastic, and adenocarcinoma of the lung are summarized. Patients were randomized to initial therapy with Cytoxan (CTX) (cyclophosphamide), or to one of two schedules of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) 50, or 75 mg/m2 IV every three weeks, or to a combined regimen of ADR and CTX. Upon disease progression, CTX patients were randomized to one of the two ADR schedules, while ADR patients were randomly assigned to CTX alone, or in combination with Cisdiamminedichloroplatinum (Cis-Platinum) 15 mg/m2 IV every three weeks. No statistically significant response or survival differences were observed between the two dose schedules of Adriamycin for any of the cell types studied. The two dose levels did, however, differ with respect to toxicity. There were some response and survival differences among the various cell types in the comparison of low-dose Adriamycin and Cytoxan: (1) patients with adenocarcinoma treated with low-dose Adriamycin tended to survive longer (P = 0.04) than those treated with Cytoxan; and (2) patients with large cell carcinoma receiving Cytoxan experienced a greater tumor response rate than those receiving low dose Adriamycin (P = 0.03). Because of the difficulties involved in distinguishing these two cell types on pathologic examination, the evidence of apparent treatment differences should not be regarded as definitive. During the period when Adriamycin plus Cytoxan was open to patient entry 61 evaluable patients received that regimen, 21 received low-dose Adriamycin and 22 received Cytoxan. Because relatively few patients received the latter two regimens, comparisons of these treatments with Adriamycin plus Cytoxan lack statistical power. However, there is no suggestion in the available data that Adriamycin plus Cytoxan increased survival either in the overall population or in the subset of patients with squamous histology. Initial performance status, metastatic disease symptoms, primary disease symptoms, and weight loss were significantly correlated to survival time, and are recommended as stratification factors in future studies.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6301671/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6301671
|
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] |
6,301,740 |
Single-dose ceftriaxone kinetics in functionally anephric patients.
|
Stoeckel K K, McNamara P J PJ, Hoppe-Seyler G G, Blumberg A A, Keller E E
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 33, No. 5, 1983 May
|
The disposition profile of ceftriaxone was studied in 12 functionally anephric patients (creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min) who received bolus injections of 150, 500, and 1500 mg IV in a noncrossover fashion. As in healthy subjects, the kinetics in uremic patients were nonlinear for total (bound plus unbound) and linear for free (unbound) drug. The plasma protein binding was reduced due to a decreased association constant, resulting in a doubling of the free fraction in plasma. Ten of 12 patients showed nonrenal clearance values of unbound drug (ClFNR) identical to those in healthy adults and only minor increases in their biologic t1/2(beta) compared to normal (12 and 8 hr). These patients would require no dose adjustments in their dosing regimen. Two of the patients exhibited decreased ClFNR values and increased t1/2(alpha) of 20 and 34 hr. Anephric patients with impaired nonrenal elimination would require minor dose adjustments.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6301740/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6301740
|
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6,301,956 |
Ranitidine in the prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcer relapse.
|
Alstead E M EM, Ryan F P FP, Holdsworth C D CD, Ashton M G MG, Moore M M
|
Gut . Vol. 24, No. 5, 1983 May
|
Prophylactic maintenance therapy for one year using ranitidine 150 mg at night or a placebo was assessed in 68 patients whose gastric or duodenal ulcers had previously healed after therapy with ranitidine 150 mg twice daily or placebo. Gastroscopy was carried out on symptomatic relapse and at the end of the year. Of the duodenal ulcer group, seven out of 20 relapsed on ranitidine compared with 15 out of 17 on placebo (p less than 0.001). Of the gastric ulcer group one of 15 patients relapsed on ranitidine compared with 11 of 16 patients on placebo (p less than 0.005). There were no adverse effects from ranitidine during the trial period. Ranitidine in low dose maintenance therapy is therefore reasonably effective in the prevention of relapse of duodenal ulcers and appears to be particularly effective in preventing relapse of gastric ulcers at least for one year. As gastric ulcers occur more frequently in the older patients in whom there are often medical contraindications to surgery, maintenance treatment may be appropriate for many such patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6301956/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6301956
|
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] |
6,302,612 |
Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections with the long acting cephalosporin, ceftriaxone.
|
Rothwell D L DL, Bremner D A DA, Taylor K M KM
|
The New Zealand medical journal . Vol. 96, No. 732, 1983 May 25
|
Ceftriaxone, a new broad spectrum cephalosporin with a long biological half-life has been used on a single intravenous daily dosage regimen over a five day period to treat complicated urinary tract infection. Bacteriological analysis of urine up to six weeks after such treatment, indicated that ceftriaxone was successful in 13 out of 15 cases treated compared with two out of 15 cases treated with cefuroxime given three times daily over the five day treatment period.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6302612/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6302612
|
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6,302,649 |
Sutureless skin closure for pacemaker implantation: comparison with subcuticular suture.
|
Pitcher D D
|
Postgraduate medical journal . Vol. 59, No. 688, 1983 Feb
|
In 51 patients undergoing pacemaker implantation a trial was carried out to compare the results of sutureless skin closure using a new product (Op-Site skin closures) with skin closure using a continuous subcuticular absorbable (Dexon) suture. Incisions closed with Op-Site skin closures healed as well as those closed with subcuticular suture but were associated with less frequent and less extensive erythema around the skin edges one week after the procedure. They were quicker, simpler and cheaper to apply than the suture material used in this study.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6302649/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6302649
|
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] |
6,302,650 |
Ranitidine compared with cimetidine in the short-term healing of duodenal ulcer.
|
Lee F I FI, Fielding J D JD, Costello F T FT
|
Postgraduate medical journal . Vol. 59, No. 688, 1983 Feb
|
The efficacy of ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) and cimetidine (200 mg three times daily and 400 mg at night) in the short-term healing of duodenal ulcer has been assessed in a randomized controlled trial involving 106 patients. There were 3 drop-outs. Forty-two out of 53 patients (79%) treated with ranitidine had healed ulcers at 4 weeks compared with 37 out of 50 treated with cimetidine (74%). This difference is not significant. At 8 weeks the healing rate for ranitidine (98%) was significantly greater than that for cimetidine (86%) (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in healing rates between men and women and between smokers and non-smokers. Side effects were not a problem with either drug. There were no differences of clinical significance between laboratory values in the two treatment groups, although a minor increase in mean creatinine levels occurred in the cimetidine-treated group.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6302650/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6302650
|
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] |
6,302,937 |
Clinical effect of human-fibroblast-derived (Beta) interferon in treatment of adeno-virus epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and its complications.
|
Romano A A, Ladizensky E E, Guarari-Rotman D D, Revel M M
|
Texas reports on biology and medicine . Vol. 41
|
The clinical studies reviewed here indicated the usefulness of topical application of Human-fibroblast-derived (Beta) interferon (Hu1FN-B) in treatment of Adeno-8 Epidemic-keratoconjunctivitis. A week treatment with 2-5 x 10(5) reference units daily doses, starting early as possible, reduced the length of the disease from 22 day to a week, and almost totally prevented the appearance of subepithelial keratitis which occurred in 57% of the control group. Possibly interferon should be given also prophylactically to individuals exposed to contagion. Our results encourage further investigation on the Hu1 FN-B use as a drug for treatment and prevention of viral infection.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6302937/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6302937
|
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] |
6,303,061 |
Effects of dietary fiber intake before meals on weight loss and hunger in a weight-reducing club.
|
Hylander B B, Rössner S S
|
Acta medica Scandinavica . Vol. 213, No. 3, 1983
|
The effects of dietary fiber on subjective hunger ratings and weight losses were studied in 135 members of a weight loss club. After a run-in week, 100 members were randomly given one sachet of either bran or ispaghula granulate before meals for two weeks. Thirty-five controls only rated hunger. One hundred and eight members completed the trial: 23 controls, 45 on ispaghula and 40 on bran. No change in hunger ratings was found in the controls. Both fiber preparations lowered hunger ratings during weeks 2 and 3 compared to the run-in week. Ratings were similarly reduced at all meals. The mean (+/- SD) weight reductions during the trial were 4.6 +/- 2.7 kg for the controls, 4.2 +/- 3.2 kg for the ispaghula group and 4.6 +/- 2.3 kg for the bran group (p greater than 0.05 for all). In spite of recent changes in the diet towards food rich in dietary fibers, addition of extra dietary fiber immediately before meals reduced hunger feelings but had no effect on weight reduction.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303061/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6303061
|
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0.043316420167684555,
0.1503307968378067,
0.5022416114807129,
0.18096081912517548
] |
6,303,104 |
The effects of high and low energy density diets on satiety, energy intake, and eating time of obese and nonobese subjects.
|
Duncan K H KH, Bacon J A JA, Weinsier R L RL
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 37, No. 5, 1983 May
|
The concept of time-energy displacement is based on the hypothesis that unrefined complex carbohydrates of low energy density will prolong eating time and induce satiety at a low energy intake. The present study compared the effects of diets low in energy density and high in energy density on satiety, energy intake, and eating time among 20 obese and nonobese subjects. Each diet was served over a 5-day period, and subjects were allowed to eat to satiety. With equal acceptance ratings of the diets, satiety was reached on the diet low in energy density at a mean daily energy intake one-half that of the diet high in energy density (1570 versus 3000 kcal). Eating time was significantly longer on the diet low in energy density by an average of 33%/day. Obese and nonobese subjects were comparable in their satiety ratings, energy consumption, eating time, and food acceptance. These data support the concept of time-energy displacement, which should therefore have applicability to the treatment and prevention of obesity.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303104/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6303104
|
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] |
6,303,106 |
Lack of potentiation of vincristine-induced neurotoxicity by VP-16-213.
|
Jackson D V DV, Wells H B HB, White D R DR, Muss H B HB, Richards F F, Cooper M R MR, Stuart J J JJ, Pope E K EK, Spurr C L CL
|
American journal of clinical oncology . Vol. 6, No. 3, 1983 Jun
|
Due to a recent alarming report suggesting that the severe neurotoxicity observed following treatment with a multiagent chemotherapy regimen might be due to the interaction of vincristine and VP-16-213, the neurologic toxicity data from a randomized trial conducted by the Bowman Gray School of Medicine and the Piedmont Oncology Association in small cell carcinoma of the lung have been analyzed. Of 102 patients evaluable for toxicity, 50 were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and vincristine (CAV) and 52 received this regimen plus VP-16-213. Vincristine dosage was the same in both arms of the study. When analyzed by severity, neurologic complications were similar in both treatment groups: Grade 1-2 neurotoxicity occurred in 55% of patients on both arms and grade 3-4 neurotoxicity was observed in six (12%) patients on the CAV arm and four (8%) on the CAV-VP-16-213 arm. Addition of VP-16-213 to vincristine did not potentiate vincristine-induced neurotoxicity when administered in this dose-schedule relationship.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303106/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6303106
|
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] |
6,303,209 |
Comparative efficacy of cefmenoxime versus penicillin in the treatment of gonorrhea.
|
Obaid S R SR, Khan M Y MY, Simpson M L ML, Gruninger R P RP, Wigren D I DI
|
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy . Vol. 23, No. 3, 1983 Mar
|
A total of 121 men with complicated infections caused by beta-lactamase-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to regimens of either cefmenoxime (1.0 g) or procaine penicillin G (4.8 X 10(6) U) intramuscularly. Only the penicillin group also took 1.0 g of probenecid orally. A total of 99 patients completed the study, providing data from 108 infected sites. In the cefmenoxime group, there were 49 urethral, 1 rectal, and 2 pharyngeal infections; in the penicillin group, there were 49 urethral, 4 rectal, and 3 pharyngeal infections. In the cefmenoxime group, all except one urethral infection were eradicated. This patient admitted having had sexual intercourse during the follow-up period and was considered to be reinfected. In the penicillin group, all except one pharyngeal infection were cured. No adverse reactions were noted in either group. In this study, cefmenoxime was as effective as penicillin in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis in men.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303209/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6303209
|
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] |
6,303,213 |
Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and moxalactam.
|
Kemmerich B B, Lode H H, Belmega G G, Jendroschek T T, Borner K K, Koeppe P P
|
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy . Vol. 23, No. 3, 1983 Mar
|
The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and moxalactam were compared in a cross-over randomized study in 10 healthy volunteers. Each subject received 1.0 g of the three drugs by bolus intravenous injection over 3 min. Serum and urine concentrations were assayed by a microbiological method and in addition by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for cefotaxime in five subjects. Maximal concentrations in serum 5 min after the injection were 163 +/- 40.3 mg/liter for cefoperazone, 86.1 +/- 19.0 mg/liter for cefotaxime, and 95.5 +/- 21.1 mg/liter for moxalactam. After 12 h, 1.2 +/- 1.4 mg of cefoperazone per liter and 1.8 +/- 0.9 mg of moxalactam per liter could still be measured. Eight hours after the administration of cefotaxime, serum concentrations were below the detection limit of 0.3 mg/liter in most subjects. By HPLC analysis, the mean maximal concentration of desacetyl cefotaxime was 16.6 +/- 10.5 mg/liter 5 min after application; the metabolite exceeded the serum concentration of the parent compound after 1 to 2 h. Relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, using two- and three-compartment models. The terminal half-life was 144.1 +/- 37.3 min for cefoperazone, 76.1 +/- 32.0 min for cefotaxime, and 272.4 +/- 114.1 min for moxalactam. The apparent volume of distribution corresponded to the extracellular volume. Only 25.1 +/- 8% of cefoperazone could be detected in urine compared with 53.3 +/- 8.1% of cefotaxime and 61.0 +/- 9.2% of moxalactam in 24 h. A total of 89.6 +/- 11.4% of the cefotaxime dose could be recovered by HPLC in urine, 60.6 +/- 7.7% as cefotaxime and 29.1 +/- 7.0% as desacetyl cefotaxime.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303213/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6303213
|
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] |
6,303,264 |
High-dose naloxone infusions in normals. Dose-dependent behavioral, hormonal, and physiological responses.
|
Cohen M R MR, Cohen R M RM, Pickar D D, Weingartner H H, Murphy D L DL
|
Archives of general psychiatry . Vol. 40, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
Hypotheses of involvement of the endogenous opioid system (EOS) in the regulation of human behavior suggest that functional blockade of the EOS should have behavioral consequences. Clinical administration of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone hydrochloride, however, has had little or inconsistent behavioral effects in normals. This may be attributable to the use of doses insufficient to yield a complete EOS blockade. To assess this explanation, normals were administered increasing doses of naloxone hydrochloride (0.3 to 4 mg/kg) in a single-blind design. Significant dose-dependent behavioral, hormonal, and physiological effects were found. With increasing doses of naloxone, volunteers demonstrated increasingly dysphoric affects, a deterioration of performance on memory testing, increasing systolic BP and respiratory rate, and increasing plasma cortisol and growth hormone levels. These results are consistent with the expected effects of increasing EOS blockade, and thus suggest that lower doses of naloxone used in previous clinical studies may not have been sufficient to produce a complete EOS blockade. Specifically, they suggest involvement of the EOS in the tonic regulation of normal human mood, memory, BP, respirations, and plasma growth hormone and cortisol levels.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303264/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6303264
|
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] |
6,303,373 |
Metoprolol, fentanyl and stress responses to microlaryngoscopy. Effects on arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma concentrations of catecholamines, ACTH and cortisol.
|
Magnusson J J, Werner O O, Carlsson C C, Nordén N N, Pettersson K I KI
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 55, No. 5, 1983 May
|
Forty patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy were anaesthetized with thiopentone and nitrous oxide. Twenty patients received metoprolol 200 mg in a slow-release tablet once daily for 4 days up to, and including, the morning of operation, and 10 mg i.v. shortly before induction of anaesthesia. The other patients received placebo tablets and physiological saline i.v., instead. Both groups of 20 patients were further subdivided, half of the patients receiving fentanyl 1.0-1.5 mg during anaesthesia, the effect of which was antagonized by naloxone at the end of the procedure. The other patients received saline i.v. instead of fentanyl or naloxone. Metoprolol decreased heart rate and the general level of arterial pressure during anaesthesia, but did not affect the fluctuations in pressure. Arterial plasma noradrenaline concentrations during microlaryngoscopy were enhanced by metoprolol, in comparison with placebo, the reverse being the case for cortisol concentrations. Fentanyl decreased arterial pressure and plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations regardless of whether the patient had received metoprolol. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were decreased by fentanyl in the patients receiving metoprolol.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303373/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6303373
|
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] |
6,303,490 |
Comparison of ceftriaxone with cefoxitin in the treatment of penicillin-resistant gonococcal urethritis.
|
Zajdowicz T R TR, Sanches P L PL, Berg S W SW, Kerbs S B SB, Newquist R L RL, Harrison W O WO
|
The British journal of venereal diseases . Vol. 59, No. 3, 1983 Jun
|
Since cefoxitin has been shown to be an effective alternative to spectinomycin for the treatment of infections due to penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) its efficacy was compared with that of a new cephalosporin, ceftriaxone (R013-9904). One hundred and twenty eight men with culture-confirmed gonococcal urethritis were treated with either 250 mg of ceftriaxone intramuscularly or 2 g of cefoxitin intramuscularly with oral probenecid 1 g. The incidence of penicillin-resistant strains in each group was about 60%. Ceftriaxone was completely effective in treating both penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant gonococcal urethritis. No side effects were noted. Ceftriaxone thus seems to be an effective and safe alternative to either spectinomycin or cefoxitin in the treatment of penicillin-resistant gonococcal urethritis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303490/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
6303490
|
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] |
6,303,553 |
Misonidazole combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. A double-blind randomized trial.
|
Panduro J J, Kjaer M M, Wolff-Jensen J J, Hansen H H HH
|
Cancer . Vol. 52, No. 1, 1983 Jul 01
|
Sixty-seven patients with inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were randomized to receive split-course irradiation therapy, 40 Gy in 10 fractions over 5 weeks plus either placebo or misonidazole 1.200 mg/m2 orally on each treatment day. The target area was the primary tumor, both hilar regions, mediastinum, and both supraclavicular regions. Thirty-three patients received misonidazole, while 34 patients received placebo. Mean observation time for the study was 27 months (range, 17-36+ months. 31% of the patients in the misonidazole group obtained a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR) as compared to 29% in the placebo group. No difference was demonstrated in the relapse pattern comparing the two groups. The death intensity was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in the misonidazole than in the placebo group, with the median survival being 4.2 and 6.7 months, respectively. Eight patients in the misonidazole group (31%) developed sensoric neuropathy while one patient in the placebo group developed irradiation myelopathy of the Brown-Sequard type. The group of patients who later developed neuropathy had significantly higher plasma misonidazole concentrations on treatment days than the group of patients who did not. It is concluded that the combination of misonidazole and irradiation therapy for inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung has no effect on response rate and relapse pattern, but a significant unexplained adverse effect on survival.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303553/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6303553
|
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] |
6,303,624 |
Comparison of early thallium-201 scintigraphy and gated blood pool imaging for predicting mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
|
Becker L C LC, Silverman K J KJ, Bulkley B H BH, Kallman C H CH, Mellits E D ED, Weisfeldt M M
|
Circulation . Vol. 67, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
The extent of abnormality in early thallium-201 and gated cardiac blood pool scintigrams has been reported to be useful for predicting mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To compare the two techniques, 91 patients admitted consecutively with evident or strongly suspected AMI underwent both imaging studies within 15 hours of the onset of symptoms. Patients with pulmonary edema or shock were excluded. AMI developed in 84% of patients, and 6-month mortality for the entire group was 16%. A thallium defect score of 7.0 or greater (corresponding to at least a moderate reduction of activity involving 40% of the left ventricular circumference) identified a subgroup of 14 patients with 64% 6-month mortality rate. Similarly, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less identified a high-risk subgroup of 10 patients with a 6-month mortality of 60%. Mortality in the remaining patients was 8% for thallium score less than 7 and 11% for ejection fraction greater than 35%. The mortality rate was highest among patients who had concordant high-risk scintigrams (five of six, 83%), lowest in those with concordant low-risk studies (five of 64, 8%) and intermediate in those with discordant results (four of 11, 36%). Of a number of clinical variables, only the appearance of Q waves, peak creatine kinase greater than 1000 IU/I, and history of infarction were significantly associated with mortality. High-risk thallium or blood pool scintigraphic results were significantly more predictive and a thallium score of 7 or greater was more sensitive for detecting nonsurvivors than ejection fraction 35% or less at a similar level of specificity. Stepwise multiple logistic analysis showed that the thallium score was the best predictor of mortality, but that appearance of Q waves and ejection fraction were additive. Using these three variables, 11 patients were calculated to have a 50% or greater chance of dying and eight (73%) actually died, compared with six of 70 (9%) with a calculated chance of death of less than 50%. These results in a prospectively identified and consecutive group of patients support the value of early thallium and blood pool scintigraphy for separating high- and low-risk subgroups of hemodynamically stable infarct patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303624/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6303624
|
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] |
6,303,673 |
Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of a new converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril.
|
Chrysant S G SG, Brown R D RD, Kem D C DC, Brown J L JL
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 33, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
Thirty-one men with mild, uncomplicated essential hypertension were studied for 18 wk in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Those whose supine diastolic pressure was 90 to 104 mm Hg after 4 wk of placebo were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I (11 subjects) initially received one 10-mg enalapril capsule in the morning and one placebo capsule in the evening. Group II (10 subjects) received one 5-mg enalapril capsule twice daily. Group III (10 subjects) received one placebo capsule twice daily. Drug dosages were doubled and then quadrupled in all groups at wk 8 and 12. Metabolic, ophthalmologic, and audiometric studies were done on all subjects at wk 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16. Enalapril lowered diastolic pressure in the supine and upright positions in single and divided doses. Its antihypertensive effect was dose dependent, and it was greater in white patients than in black patients. The drug was well tolerated by all subjects and did not cause clinical or metabolic complications. It is concluded that enalapril is effective in lowering the arterial pressure in single and divided daily doses; its effect is dose dependent and is greater on the diastolic arterial pressure than on the systolic pressure; and it is well tolerated.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303673/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6303673
|
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] |
6,303,674 |
Platelet alpha-adrenergic receptors in obesity: alteration with weight loss.
|
Sundaresan P R PR, Weintraub M M, Hershey L A LA, Kroening B H BH, Hasday J D JD, Banerjee S P SP
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 33, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
We studied platelet alpha-adrenergic receptor concentration and function in 19 subjects with simple obesity participating in a double-blind, controlled clinical trial of diet and anorexiants (phentermine, fenfluramine, or a combination of the two) or placebo. From wk 1 to wk 8, weight loss for the group as a whole was 4.9 +/- 0.7 kg (mean +/- SE). Concomitant with this weight loss, the platelet alpha-adrenergic receptor concentration rose from 85.7 +/- 5.8 to 113 +/- 5.8 fmol/mg protein. This increase moved the values for the obese subjects toward or beyond values in lean controls (100 +/- 10.5 fmol/mg protein). The response in the different treatment groups was similar. The receptor concentration increase was accompanied by a corresponding increase in alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. For individual subjects the extent of weight loss over time generally correlated with percent receptor change. Altered adrenergic sensitivity occurring in obese subjects who are losing weight may have important implications in relation to external (therapeutic or inadvertent) administration of catecholamines.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303674/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6303674
|
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] |
6,303,744 |
Prazosin update. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in hypertension and congestive heart failure.
|
Stanaszek W F WF, Kellerman D D, Brogden R N RN, Romankiewicz J A JA
|
Drugs . Vol. 25, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
Prazosin is an orally active post-synaptic selective alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist that has been widely used in treating hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF). Its role in the treatment of hypertension has previously been reviewed in this journal. Subsequent reports confirm its efficacy in treating mild to severe hypertension as a single agent or, more frequently, in combination with another antihypertensive agent and/or a diuretic. Recent studies of the metabolic effect of prazosin indicate that the drug may have a favourable effect on plasma lipids in hypertensive patients. Its recent use in treatment of congestive heart failure has shown prazosin to be comparable with nitroprusside in producing balanced arterial and venous dilation with generally sustained haemodynamic and clinical effects during long term therapy. Initial studies in Raynaud's phenomenon and in patients with aortic regurgitation or aortic stenosis or with mitral regurgitation are promising, but require confirmation from wider clinical experience. The drug has generally been well tolerated. The primary side effect of orthostatic hypotension can be largely avoided by beginning treatment with a low dose.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303744/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Review"
] |
6303744
|
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] |
6,303,793 |
Metastatic non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: a randomized trial of sequential vs combination chemotherapy.
|
Hoffman P C PC, Newman S B SB, Golomb H M HM, Demeester T R TR, Blough R R RR, Sovik C A CA
|
European journal of cancer & clinical oncology . Vol. 19, No. 1, 1983 Jan
|
In order to determine whether combination chemotherapy offered any advantage over single-agent therapy in cases of metastatic non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, we performed a randomized study in 56 patients comparing combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, procarbazine, leucovorin--CAMP-L) with a regimen in which the same drugs were given sequentially (methotrexate/leucovorin followed by cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin at progression). Of the patients receiving the combination, 52% (14 of 27) had either a partial response or stable disease, compared to 17% (5 of 29) in the sequential group. Of the patients with adenocarcinoma, those in the combination group had a significantly longer survival than those treated in the sequential group (medians, 10.0 vs 2.8 months; P less than 0.01); such a difference could not be demonstrated for patients with squamous carcinoma. Patients who achieved a partial response had a median survival of 15.3 months; those with stable disease survived a median of 10.0 months; and those with no response survived a median of 2.5 months (P less than 0.0001). Four patients died from chemotherapy-related complications: three from methotrexate toxicity and resultant infection and one from pneumonia associated with neutropenia. We conclude that the short survival of non-responding patients and the survival benefit accompanying response or stabilization make early aggressive combination therapy useful for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303793/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6303793
|
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] |
6,303,794 |
Oral prophylaxis with miconazole or ketoconazole of invasive fungal disease in neutropenic cancer patients.
|
Meunier-Carpentier F F, Cruciani M M, Klastersky J J
|
European journal of cancer & clinical oncology . Vol. 19, No. 1, 1983 Jan
|
Ketoconazole or miconazole was randomly administered to 42 and 46 neutropenic patients respectively. Of the total number of stool cultures 12% were positive for yeasts in both groups; 4% of the total number of cultures from other sites (nose, throat, skin) were positive in both groups. Candida albicans was the most common isolate, but other fungal species were also identified. No patient developed fungemia; 5/88 patients developed severe oropharyngeal candidiasis while receiving prophylaxis. Among the 21 autopsies performed, 5 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis and 2 local and 1 disseminated candidiasis were demonstrated in 7 patients. Although there was no placebo group of patients in this study, post-mortem data suggest that miconazole or ketoconazole might reduce the incidence of disseminated candidiases in neutropenic patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303794/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6303794
|
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6,303,871 |
Ketoconazole compared with griseofulvin in dermatophytoses: a randomized, double-blind trial.
|
Stratigos I I, Zissis N P NP, Katsambas A A, Koumentaki E E, Michalopoulos M M, Flemetakis A A
|
Dermatologica . Vol. 166, No. 3, 1983
|
50 patients with drug-resistant and/or extensive superficial mycoses and positive cultures for dermatophytes, were randomly assigned to treatment either with 200 mg ketoconazole (26 patients, mean age 31 years) or 500 mg griseofulvin (24 patients, mean age 32.5 years) daily, administered in identical capsules. Patients were evaluated before and during treatment, clinically, by direct microscopy and cultures in double-blind conditions. The maximum duration of treatment was 6 weeks. 26/26 patients in the ketoconazole group and 22/24 patients in the griseofulvin group had negative cultures after 2.5 and 3 weeks (median values) respectively. Clinical symptoms responded rapidly and completely to both treatments. Therapeutic results were statistically significant in both groups. 1 patient in each group relapsed during the next 3 months after the end of the treatment. No unwanted effects were reported. Although both treatments were effective, therapeutic results were slightly better and appeared earlier with ketoconazole.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6303871/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6303871
|
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] |
6,304,203 |
Ketoconazole and candidiasis: a controlled study.
|
Hughes W T WT, Bartley D L DL, Patterson G G GG, Tufenkeji H H
|
The Journal of infectious diseases . Vol. 147, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of ketoconazole in the treatment of candidiasis. The drug was administered orally in the dosage of 200 mg/m2 of body surface per day for two weeks to cancer patients with oral candidiasis. Randomization in a 2:1 ratio provided 36 patients treated with ketoconazole and 20 managed with a placebo. Regression of visible lesions was achieved in 26 (72%) of 36 ketoconazole-treated and four (20%) of 20 untreated patients; eradication of culturable organisms occurred in 12 (36%) of 33 ketoconazole-treated and one (7%) of 14 untreated patients; and resolution of lesions plus eradication of Candida albicans occurred in nine (25%) of 36 ketoconazole-treated and one (5%) of 20 untreated patients. Although the therapeutic efficacy of ketoconazole was demonstrated for oropharyngeal candidiasis, the magnitude of its efficacy was less than that desired.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6304203/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6304203
|
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] |
6,304,360 |
Effects of dietary manipulation on vascular status of patients with peripheral vascular disease.
|
Hutchinson K K, Oberle K K, Crockford P P, Grace M M, Whyte L L, Gee M M, Williams T T, Brown G G
|
JAMA . Vol. 249, No. 24, 1983 Jun 24
|
In a one-year, double-blind clinical trial, 45 patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were randomly assigned to either the American Heart Association Hyperlipidemia Diet C (n = 20) or a low-fat, high-fiber, complex carbohydrate diet similar to the Pritikin Maintenance Diet (n = 25). Vascular status and blood lipid levels were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. Walking distance increased significantly in both groups, with no difference between groups. No vascular parameters changed significantly, suggesting that increased walking distance was due to improved metabolic capacity of the muscle. A trend toward lower blood lipid values was observed, with no significant differences within or between groups. We conclude that while patients with PVD benefit from a program of diet and exercise, there is no apparent advantage to the more difficult complex carbohydrate diet.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6304360/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6304360
|
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] |
6,304,513 |
Effects of interferon-alpha on cytomegalovirus reactivation syndromes in renal-transplant recipients.
|
Hirsch M S MS, Schooley R T RT, Cosimi A B AB, Russell P S PS, Delmonico F L FL, Tolkoff-Rubin N E NE, Herrin J T JT, Cantell K K, Farrell M L ML, Rota T R TR, Rubin R H RH
|
The New England journal of medicine . Vol. 308, No. 25, 1983 Jun 23
|
We have previously demonstrated that six weeks of prophylaxis with interferon-alpha delays cytomegalovirus excretion and decreases viremia in recipients of kidney transplants. In a double-blind trial to evaluate the effects of a longer course of prophylaxis, we gave either 3 X 10(6) units of interferon or placebo intramuscularly to 42 patients before transplant surgery was performed. After surgery, doses were given three times a week for six weeks and then twice a week for eight weeks (total of 102 X 10(6) units). Clinical signs of cytomegalovirus infection were markedly reduced in interferon recipients. These signs developed in 7 of 22 placebo recipients and 1 of 20 interferon recipients (P = 0.03). Opportunistic superinfections (Aspergillus fumigatus and Pneumocystis carinii) occurred only in patients given placebo. Cytomegalovirus-associated glomerulopathy developed in one interferon recipient and three placebo recipients. Survival of patients and grafts was equivalent in both treatment groups, and minimal toxicity was observed with interferon. In seropositive renal-transplant recipients, interferon-alpha affords effective prophylaxis against serious cytomegalovirus infections.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6304513/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6304513
|
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0.08991632610559464,
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] |
6,304,787 |
Therapeutic use of a selective cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor (Rolipram) in Parkinson's disease.
|
Casacchia M M, Meco G G, Castellana F F, Bedini L L, Cusimano G G, Agnoli A A
|
Pharmacological research communications . Vol. 15, No. 3, 1983 Mar
|
The effects of Rolipram, a new phosphodiesterase inhibitor, were assessed in a double-blind trial versus placebo in 10 patients with Parkinson's disease already under treatment. Contrary to previous findings with specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors, with Rolipram (at the dose of 3 mg per day), no significant deterioration of the therapeutic action of dopamine agonist Lisuride was noted.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6304787/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6304787
|
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6,304,870 |
Cyclic nucleotides and catecholamines in rheumatoid arthritis.
|
Trang L E LE, Lövgren O O, Norlund A E AE, Horn R R, Walaas O O
|
Scandinavian journal of rheumatology . Vol. 12, No. 2, 1983
|
A controlled cross over study on the effect of fasting on cyclic nucleotide and catecholamine excretion was carried out in 12 female RA patients. They were hospitalized during a control and fasting period. The fasting period started with 3 days of habituation to hospital conditions, followed by 7 days of total fasting. Thereafter followed 3 days of realimentation. The control period was in every respect identical with the fasting period, with the exception of food intake. All medication was stopped when the patients were admitted to the hospital. The urinary concentrations of cAMP, cGMP, E and NE were monitored daily. The clinical status of the subjects was evaluated every second day using Ritchie's clinical index. Clinical and laboratory measures of inflammatory activity remained unaltered during the control period, but improved significantly during fasting. Excretion of cAMP and cGMP was low during the control period when compared with published normal levels. The cAMP/cGMP ratio in urine was normal, however. The urinary levels of E and NE were normal in the control period, but increased significantly during fasting. Excretion of cAMP decreased during fasting, while urinary cGMP levels decreased initially, but rose to prefasting levels towards the end of the fast. The cAMP/cGMP ratio increased during the first days of the fast, with a maximum on days 2 and 3. This increment coincided in time with the greatest rate of improvement in clinical joint activity.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6304870/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6304870
|
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6,304,967 |
Cyclosporine: a new and promising immunosuppressive agent.
|
Flechner S M SM
|
The Urologic clinics of North America . Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983 May
|
Cyclosporine is an exciting new agent that has been heralded as a major advance in chemical immunosuppression for organ transplantation. The drug is a potent, reversible suppressant of both humoral and cellular immunity and does not cause myelosuppression. Its mechanism of action appears to be selective for lymphocytes and may interrupt the necessary cellular signals required for proliferation of alloreactive T-cells. In early clinical trials cyclosporine has been shown to ameliorate renal allograft survival. A major concern about its widespread clinical use has been the observed nephrotoxicity and possible development of lymphomas in treated patients. Adverse side effects may be minimized by pharmacologic monitoring of drug levels. Future questions include the ideal dosage schedule, necessity for additional immunosuppressive agents, distinction between nephrotoxicity and rejection, and the precise mode of absorption, accumulation, and metabolism of the drug. Cyclosporine may be considered the prototype of a new generation of immunosuppressive agents that open up new perspectives in the field of immunoregulation. The ability to synthesize the compound may permit future biochemical manipulations to increase the immunobiologic specificity and decrease the toxicity of the drug.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6304967/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Review"
] |
6304967
|
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] |
6,305,113 |
Preoperative irradiation with high-dose fractionation in adenocarcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid.
|
Glimelius B B, Graffman S S, Påhlman L L, Rimsten A A, Wilander E E
|
Acta radiologica. Oncology . Vol. 21, No. 6, 1982
|
The incidence of local pelvic recurrence after 'curative' resection for rectal carcinoma is high. Adjuvant irradiation given pre- or postoperatively has led to a decreased incidence of pelvic recurrences. In a series of 58 consecutive patients between 1979 and 1980, those with primarily operable rectal tumours received preoperative irradiation in a total dose of 25.5 Gy in fractions of 5.1 Gy daily for 5 days. A locally 'curative' resection was performed in 41 patients 2 to 5 days later. The radiation therapy was well tolerated without early or late complications. All patients were followed up every 6 months with computed tomography over the pelvic region; aspiration biopsies were taken whenever any possible pathology was made. A local recurrence occurred in only 2 patients during the follow-up period (24-42 months). In a retrospective material from 1976 to 1979, totally 107 patients were admitted for surgery. Of 81 patients operated upon for 'local cure', 38 (47%) have had local recurrence to date, 32 (40%) of them within 2 years. These results indicate that a high-dose fractionated preoperative irradiation reduces the incidence of local recurrences, is well tolerated and does not influence the period of hospitalization.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305113/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6305113
|
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] |
6,305,112 |
Combined irradiation and three-drug chemotherapy in inoperable colorectal carcinoma.
|
von der Maase H H, Magnusson K K, Sveinsson T T
|
Acta radiologica. Oncology . Vol. 21, No. 6, 1982
|
Forty patients with inoperable or not radically resected tumours in the rectum or rectosigmoideum were treated with irradiation combined with 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide. The acute toxicity was moderate, but 3 patients developed late complications such as fibrosis and fistulation in the irradiated area. Twenty-one patients had a measurable tumour within the radiation fields and were included in the evaluation of the tumour response. Of these patients 8 achieved complete and 5 partial tumour remission. Nevertheless, it is emphasized that this treatment cannot be recommended because of severe complications observed in a following randomized series of patients receiving irradiation combined with 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305112/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6305112
|
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6,305,183 |
Metabolic effects of dietary fiber from dehulled soybeans in humans.
|
Schweizer T F TF, Bekhechi A R AR, Koellreutter B B, Reimann S S, Pometta D D, Bron B A BA
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 38, No. 1, 1983 Jul
|
The normal diet of six healthy volunteers was supplemented by 21 g of dietary fiber from two different soybean seed fiber preparations, either a nonpurified and never-dried soya pulp A (39% dietary fiber) or a purified soya fiber B (79%), for 3 wk each. Mean daily fecal wet weight was increased by 19 and 38% in the fiber periods A and B as compared to a 2-wk control period (p less than 0.05). Stool frequency and transit time remained unchanged. Fecal fiber increased by 52% only during period B. Fecal calcium, magnesium, and iron were increased (p less than 0.05), mainly after higher intakes during both fiber periods. Excretion of neutral steroids remained unchanged, but their concentration was lowered (p less than 0.05). A 21% increase of fecal bile acids by fiber A was specifically due to deoxycholic acid (+32%, p less than 0.01). Oral glucose tolerance was slightly improved after period B. Neither fiber changed serum triglycerides, but fiber B increased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 19% (p less than 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein-phospholipids by 16% (p less than 0.05). The ratio high-density/low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, however, did not change significantly. Thus, dietary fibers from soybean do not seem to contribute to the hypocholesterolemic effect of soya. The results of this study also demonstrate that two apparently similar dietary fibers, coming from a single source, can exert distinctly different metabolic effects.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305183/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6305183
|
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] |
6,305,185 |
Mineral balances of human subjects consuming spinach in a low-fiber diet and in a diet containing fruits and vegetables.
|
Kelsay J L JL, Prather E S ES
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 38, No. 1, 1983 Jul
|
The effects of spinach in the diet on mineral balances were examined in 12 men who consumed three controlled diets for 4 wk each. Diet 1, a low-fiber diet, contained spinach, which is high in oxalic acid, every other day. Diet 2 contained fiber in fruits and vegetables, including spinach every other day. Diet 3 was the same as diet 2 except that cauliflower, which is low in oxalic acid, replaced the spinach. During wk 4, mean balances of calcium, magnesium, and zinc on diet 2 were negative and significantly lower than those on diet 1. Magnesium and zinc balances during wk 4 were also significantly lower on diet 2 than on diet 3. Mean balances of these minerals were not significantly lower on diet 2 during wk 3, nor were there any significant differences among mineral balances when wk 3 and 4 were considered together. Fecal oxalic acid was significantly greater on diet 2 than on diet 1 during both wk 3 and 4.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305185/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6305185
|
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] |
6,305,244 |
Intravenous acyclovir for the treatment of primary genital herpes.
|
Corey L L, Fife K H KH, Benedetti J K JK, Winter C A CA, Fahnlander A A, Connor J D JD, Hintz M A MA, Holmes K K KK
|
Annals of internal medicine . Vol. 98, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
Thirty-one patients with first episodes of genital herpes were randomized in a double-blind fashion to intravenous treatment with saline placebo or acyclovir, 5 mg/kg body weight at 8-hour intervals, for 5 days. The median duration of viral shedding from genital lesions after the onset of therapy was significantly shorter for patients given acyclovir (2 days) than for those given placebo (13 days), p less than 0.001. Viral shedding from the pharynx, cervix, urethra, and urine were also shorter in acyclovir-treated patients. (p less than or equal to 0.01 for each comparison). Local and systemic symptoms were shortened by a mean of 5 days and healing of genital lesions by a mean of 12 days in acyclovir-treated patients. (p less than 0.01). Complications during treatment, such as extragenital lesions or urinary retention requiring catheterization, developed in four patients given placebo and in none given acyclovir. (p less than 0.05). Intravenous acyclovir substantially decreases the symptoms, duration of lesions, and complications of primary genital herpes.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305244/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6305244
|
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] |
6,305,249 |
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cancer chemotherapy: research problems and issues.
|
Carey M P MP, Burish T G TG, Brenner D E DE
|
Annals of internal medicine . Vol. 99, No. 1, 1983 Jul
|
A critical review of the literature assessing the antiemetic efficacy of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy showed considerable inconsistency in results. The equivocal nature of these results partly reflects the difficulty of doing research on antiemetic therapies, but also can be attributed to differences in the adequacy and nature of the research designs, procedures, and assessment instruments that have been used. Several factors were also identified that are seldom studied but may be important in determining whether THC will be effective: patient variables, such as chemotherapy regimen and age; pharmacologic variables, such as drug tolerance, dose, schedule, toxicity, route of administration, and drug interactions; and environmental variables associated with administration setting. The need to differentiate pharmacologically induced from conditioned nausea and vomiting was also pointed out. We believe that THC does have antiemetic efficacy, but the lack of controlled research does not allow precise knowledge of its true effectiveness and toxicity. Well-controlled trials are needed to help answer some of these questions.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305249/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.",
"Review"
] |
6305249
|
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] |
6,305,256 |
The role of diet in the etiology and treatment of atherosclerosis.
|
Samuel P P, McNamara D J DJ, Shapiro J J
|
Annual review of medicine . Vol. 34, 1983
|
The role of various dietary constituents in the etiology of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease is examined in light of currently available data from epidemiological and clinical studies. Recommendations regarding the dietary management of the hyperlipidemic patient at risk are presented and the advisability of generalized dietary guidelines for the public examined. The certainties, which are few, and the uncertainties, which are numerous, regarding the cause and effect relationship between diet, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease suggest that dietary intervention to treat the hyperlipidemic patient is a rational first step but that the generalization of this approach for the public may be premature.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305256/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Review"
] |
6305256
|
[
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6,305,387 |
The aetiology of psoriasis: clues provided by benoxaprofen.
|
Allen B R BR, Littlewood S M SM
|
The British journal of dermatology . Vol. 109 Suppl 25, 1983 Jul
|
Twenty-four patients with psoriasis completed a double-blind trial of benoxaprofen for their cutaneous lesions. Six out of thirteen on the active drug showed very marked improvement. It is believed that benoxaprofen acts by interfering with the migration of polymorphs into the skin through inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305387/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6305387
|
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] |
6,305,479 |
Necrosis as a prognostic criterion in malignant supratentorial, astrocytic gliomas.
|
Nelson J S JS, Tsukada Y Y, Schoenfeld D D, Fulling K K, Lamarche J J, Peress N N
|
Cancer . Vol. 52, No. 3, 1983 Aug 01
|
Surgical specimens of malignant, supratentorial, astrocytic gliomas from 503 patients randomized on an RTOG-ECOG treatment protocol were examined by central pathologic review. The diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was made only when one or more foci of coagulation necrosis involving astrocytic tumor cells were identified histologically. Malignant astrocytic neoplasms without necrosis were classified as astrocytoma with atypical or anaplastic features (AAF). The median survival stratifying for treatment for patients with GBM was eight months compared to 28 months for patients with AAF. In most cases the specimens were received with a Kernohan grade. On the basis of these grades, patients with astrocytoma Grade 3 had a median survival of ten months as compared to a median survival of nine months for those with astrocytoma Grade 4. Observations demonstrate that necrosis is a reliable, decisive prognostic factor associated with malignant, supratentorial, astrocytic gliomas. The Kernohan system is of limited value in assessing prognosis for this group of tumors.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305479/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6305479
|
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] |
6,305,546 |
Naloxone does not antagonize the antihypertensive effect of clonidine in essential hypertension.
|
Rogers J F JF, Cubeddu L X LX
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 34, No. 1, 1983 Jul
|
Reports on spontaneously hypertensive rats suggested that naloxone blocked the antihypertensive effects of clonidine. We compared the effects of an 8-hr intravenous naloxone infusion (6 micrograms/kg/hr) or 5% dextrose in water (D5/W) begun 2 hr before single oral doses of clonidine (0.3 mg) in six men with mild to moderate essential hypertension (EHT). Supine and standing (after 5 min) blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured every 20 min. Initial treatment with naloxone or placebo (D5/W) infusion was randomly allocated, with the alternate treatment given 1 wk later. Naloxone did not modify either supine or standing BP or HR. Clonidine induced a gradual, sustained reduction in both supine and standing systolic and diastolic BP and in supine HR, and there was an increase in standing HR. Naloxone did not modify the onset, maximal effect, or recovery of the hypotensive and HR effects of clonidine in both the supine and standing positions. Our data indicate that hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of clonidine in EHT are not mediated by naloxone-sensitive opioid receptors. They also suggest that opioid receptors play no role in the maintenance of hypertension nor in the BP and HR adjustments induced by postural changes in EHT.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305546/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6305546
|
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] |
6,305,758 |
Corticotropin versus hydrocortisone in the intravenous treatment of ulcerative colitis. A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
|
Meyers S S, Sachar D B DB, Goldberg J D JD, Janowitz H D HD
|
Gastroenterology . Vol. 85, No. 2, 1983 Aug
|
Sixty-six patients hospitalized for ulcerative colitis were treated in a prospective, double-blind, clinical trial. They received either 120 U/day of intravenous corticotropin or 300 mg/day of intravenous hydrocortisone. Patients were randomized within strata defined by whether they had received oral corticosteroids continuously for at least 30 days before the study (group A, 35 patients), or whether they had received no such prior treatment (group B, 31 patients). Twenty-eight of the 66 patients (42%) achieved remission. In group B, the proportion of patients entering remission was greater with corticotropin than with hydrocortisone (63% vs. 27%, 0.025 less than p less than 0.05). The opposite trend was observed within group A, for whom hydrocortisone appeared more effective (53% vs. 25%, 0.05 less than p less than 0.10). Impaired adrenal responsiveness, as measured by serum cortisol and dehydroepiandosterone-sulfate levels, did not explain the different responses to therapy within the two study groups. Twenty of 28 patients whose acute therapy was successful were still in remission 1 yr after study. These data suggest that, at the doses used, intravenous corticotropin therapy of severe ulcerative colitis is the more effective choice for those patients not previously treated with corticosteroids, while intravenous hydrocortisone seems preferable for patients already receiving steroid treatment.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6305758/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6305758
|
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] |
6,306,038 |
Effect of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor: prolonged duration of action and biphasic response of plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol.
|
DeBold C R CR, DeCherney G S GS, Jackson R V RV, Sheldon W R WR, Alexander A N AN, Island D P DP, Rivier J J, Vale W W, Orth D N DN
|
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism . Vol. 57, No. 2, 1983 Aug
|
The duration of the response to synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was studied in 13 healthy male volunteer subjects. Placebo or CRF (0.3, 3, or 30 micrograms/kg BW) was administered as an iv bolus or, in the case of the largest dose, a 30-sec infusion in single blind fashion in the late afternoon. Basal plasma immunoreactive ACTH (IR-ACTH) and IR-cortisol were 10.8 +/- 7.7 pg/ml and 5.0 +/- 1.8 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD), respectively. IR-ACTH rose rapidly after CRF, reached an initial peak at 15 min, fell rapidly until 1.5 h after CRF, and then either fell more slowly (after the lowest dose) or rose to a second major peak at 2-3 h before falling back to baseline. After 0.3, 3, and 30 micrograms/kg CRF, IR-ACTH remained elevated for 4, 7, and 8 h, respectively. The effect on plasma IR-cortisol was similar, but more prolonged. The magnitude of both peaks of IR-ACTH, the duration of the response, and the area under the curve all appeared dose dependent. The same was true for IR-cortisol, except that the first peak height was similar after all three doses. The duration of CRF's action is probably due to its long circulating half-life. The biphasic response curve may reflect initial secretion of a readily releasable pool of ACTH, followed by later secretion of a second pool of newly synthesized and/or matured peptide. The next morning's normal circadian rise in both IR-ACTH and IR-cortisol was delayed and diminished after 3 micrograms/kg CRF; there was no increase in IR-ACTH after 30 micrograms/kg CRF, and the IR-cortisol level was diminished. Inhibition of the normal circadian rise may reflect inhibition of ACTH secretion by the sustained high plasma cortisol levels.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6306038/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6306038
|
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] |
6,306,060 |
Comparison of bronchial effects of nabilone and terbutaline in healthy and asthmatic subjects.
|
Gong H H, Tashkin D P DP, Calvarese B B
|
Journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 23, No. 4, 1983 Apr
|
The acute bronchomotor effect of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid compound, was compared to that of terbutaline sulfate and placebo in six healthy and six asthmatic subjects. Bronchodilation following nabilone was intermediate between that of terbutaline and placebo in the healthy subjects but was equivalent to placebo in the asthmatics. We conclude that oral nabilone (2 mg) does not result in significant acute bronchodilation in patients with asthma.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6306060/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6306060
|
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] |
6,306,094 |
Gastrin, gastric emptying, and gastroesophageal reflux after ranitidine.
|
Sherbaniuk R W RW, Wensel R R, Trautman A A, Grace M M, Lentle B B, Walker K K, Salkie M M, Thomson A B AB
|
Journal of clinical gastroenterology . Vol. 5, No. 3, 1983 Jun
|
In a double-blind study comparing ranitidine to placebo in the treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), we assessed gastric emptying time, gastroesophageal reflux, and gastrin response to food. Mean half-time for gastric emptying, measured using 99mTc-sulfur colloid, was 109 minutes in GERD and 102 minutes in nine healthy asymptomatic controls. This difference was not significant, but one-third of GERD had emptying times of 2 S.D.s beyond the mean for the normal controls. The patients with GERD refluxed an average of 2.3% (0.1-10%) of the isotope in 120 minutes compared with only 0.2% (0.0-0.5%) in control subjects. Reflux scans and gastric emptying times did not change with healing of esophagitis or with symptomatic improvement from ranitidine and antacids. There was no relationship between the percentage of the test dose refluxed into the esophagus and the rate of gastric emptying. The mean fasting gastrin concentration in GERD, 133 +/- 12 pg/ml, was higher than in healthy controls, 93 +/- 10 pg/ml (p less than 0.01). After stimulation with a standard meal, the integrated gastrin response (IGR) was similar in controls and GERD patients, but IGR was significantly higher after 6 weeks therapy with ranitidine. These results suggest that: 1) gastric emptying time may be prolonged in some patients with GERD, 2) basal but not food-stimulated gastrin concentrations may be abnormal in GERD, 3) reflux scans have limited use in the investigation of GERD, and 4) ranitidine therapy is associated with an increase in food-stimulated gastrin concentrations.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6306094/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6306094
|
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] |
6,306,179 |
Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with dibromodulcitol and CCNU in the postoperative treatment of malignant gliomas.
|
Afra D D, Kocsis B B, Dobay J J, Eckhardt S S
|
Journal of neurosurgery . Vol. 59, No. 1, 1983 Jul
|
Within 4 weeks after definitive surgery, 91 patients with supratentorial glioblastomas and malignant astrocytomas were randomized to one of three treatment arms: Group 1 received radiotherapy alone; Group 2 received dibromodulcitol (DBD) during radiotherapy, and treatment was then continued with DBD; and Group 3 received DBD during radiotherapy, followed by combination chemotherapy of CCNU and DBD. No severe myelotoxicity occurred, but combined treatment with CCNU and DBD occasionally caused a transient myelosuppression. Statistical analysis of 84 evaluable patients showed a significantly longer survival period in those who received chemotherapy during and after irradiation. Median survival times in the three groups were 40, 57, and 60 weeks, respectively; the corresponding p value for Groups 2 and 3 was 0.025 and 0.0015. The ratio of patients surviving over 18 and 24 months was highest in Group 3. This study suggests that the administration of DBD during irradiation might have been the main factor in improving survival times.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6306179/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6306179
|
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] |
6,306,348 |
Comparison of chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy and radiation therapy of extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung.
|
Wilson H E HE, Stanley K K, Vincent R G RG, Mountain C F CF, Sealy R R, Cohen M M, Chen T Y TY, Batley F F, Kilman J J, Kakos G G, Vasko J J, Williams T E TE, Tucker R D RD
|
Journal of surgical oncology . Vol. 23, No. 3, 1983 Jul
|
In a randomized study 145 patients with extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with chemotherapy alone (Cytoxan, CCNU, methotrexate) or with the same drug regimen and with radiation therapy to the brain, chest, and abdomen. One hundred eighteen of these patients were evaluable. Those patients receiving radiation had a better response rate (55% vs 31%, P = .016) but significantly greater toxicity. There was no significant difference in rates of complete response (7% vs 8%) or in survival (median 18.4 vs 15.3 weeks) between the two groups overall. The median survival of those patients with a partial response to therapy was 18 weeks; for those achieving a complete response it was 46 weeks. However, a clear difference in survival comparing responders with non-responders was evident only for patients who were assigned to chemotherapy alone. Partial regressions have little, if any, correlation with improvement in survival. Therapy in this disease must be oriented toward inducing complete response.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6306348/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6306348
|
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] |
6,306,388 |
Reversal of diuretic-induced secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia by enalapril (MK-421): a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
|
Griffing G T GT, Sindler B H BH, Aurecchia S A SA, Melby J C JC
|
Metabolism: clinical and experimental . Vol. 32, No. 7, 1983 Jul
|
The study reported here prospectively evaluated the prevention of diuretic-induced secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia by a converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril (MK 421). Eighteen normal subjects were randomized into three groups: (1) a HCTZ group (hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 50 mg/day); (2) a MK-421 group (MK-421 10 mg/day); and (3) a HCTZ + MK-421 group [HCTZ 50 mg/day plus MK-421 10 mg/day]. Following a five-day control and a 28-day treatment period, the HCTZ group demonstrated an attenuated but persistent secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia, the MK-421 group manifested a gradual decline in aldosterone secretion, and the HCTZ + MK-421 group had a delayed but effective correction of secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia at 28 days but not before. In conclusion, MK-421 reversed diuretic-induced secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia after 28 days of hydrochlorothiazide therapy. Therefore, converting enzyme inhibitors, such as enalapril, provide useful adjunctive therapy in diuretic-treated patients, but potassium supplementation may be required before the start of four weeks of combined therapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6306388/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6306388
|
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] |
6,306,506 |
Quantitative CT assessment of furosemide- and mannitol-induced changes in brain water content.
|
Cascino T T, Baglivo J J, Conti J J, Szewczykowski J J, Posner J B JB, Rottenberg D A DA
|
Neurology . Vol. 33, No. 7, 1983 Jul
|
We studied the effects of two commonly employed antiedema agents, mannitol and furosemide, on CT brain density in eight patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors. Noncontrast CTs were performed before and after IV furosemide or IV mannitol, and serial blood samples were analyzed for osmolality. Computer-generated frequency histograms of CT numbers from "before-and-after" brain slices were using quantile-quantile (QQ) plots and the Kruskal-Wallis statistic. After IV mannitol, there was a progressive increase in CT brain density, which corresponded to an upward shift in the QQ plot over the range 0 to 70 Hounsfield units. The differences between baseline and posttreatment histograms for mannitol patients were significantly different from controls, and maximum differences coincided with peak serum osmolality. No statistically significant effects were observed in the furosemide group despite maximal diuresis. The relative magnitude of the quantitative changes observed after mannitol and furosemide administration are consistent with anticipated changes in brain water content.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6306506/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6306506
|
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] |
6,306,711 |
Effect of serotonin uptake inhibition by zimelidine on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity.
|
Holsboer F F, Müller O A OA, Winter K K, Doerr H G HG, Sippell W G WG
|
Psychopharmacology . Vol. 80, No. 1, 1983
|
Plasma ACTH levels after oral ingestion of 2 g metyrapone at 24.00 hours in six healthy subjects were higher after pretreatment with zimelidine (300 mg) in comparison to placebo. Since zimelidine is a relatively selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor its action on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity suggests that serotonin is a potent stimulator of ACTH release. The ratio of cortisol to 11-deoxycortisol was taken as a measure of 11-hydroxylase activity, which indicates biological activity of secreted ACTH. These cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratios were significantly increased after zimelidine treatment, when compared to placebo. Both the ACTH response and the cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratios substantiate evidence derived from animal experiments, indicating a stimulatory influence of serotonin on HPA activity. No firm conclusion, however, may be drawn on by which mechanism zimelidine exerts its action on the HPA-axis. Moreover these findings provide no information on whether serotonin has a stimulatory role on ACTH production under physiological condition.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6306711/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6306711
|
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] |
6,307,135 |
Ceftriaxone therapy of bone and soft tissue infections in hospital and outpatient settings.
|
Eron L J LJ, Park C H CH, Hixon D L DL, Goldenberg R I RI, Poretz D M DM
|
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy . Vol. 23, No. 5, 1983 May
|
Ceftriaxone, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a markedly extended half-life, was administered to 100 patients with 56 bone and 44 soft tissue infections. Sixty-eight received 1 g twice daily, and 32 received 2 g once daily intravenously. Overall, 91% had a satisfactory clinical response, with similar efficacies in both treatment regimens. In six patients, failure to achieve a cure correlated well with the development of resistance to ceftriaxone during therapy in Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species (two cases) and with superinfection with Bacteroides fragilis (four cases). In 41 patients, intravenous drug therapy was continued after discharge from the hospital. In this group, 1,093 patient-days of hospitalization were saved, amounting to $150,020 in cost savings. The prolonged half-life facilitated the administration of ceftriaxone in this setting.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307135/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6307135
|
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] |
6,307,322 |
Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on the platelet aggregation and composition of fatty acid in man. A double blind study.
|
Nagakawa Y Y, Orimo H H, Harasawa M M, Morita I I, Yashiro K K, Murota S S
|
Atherosclerosis . Vol. 47, No. 1, 1983 Apr
|
Twelve volunteers (mean age, 60.7 +/- 4.2 years) were treated with placebo for the first week and then given partially purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 67% purity) at 2 g per day for 4 weeks. Significant decreases in ADP-, collagen- and adrenalin-induced platelet aggregation were observed at 2 and 4 weeks after EPA treatment, together with an increase in the plasma ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid and in platelet phospholipids. It was concluded that the administration of partially purified EPA was effective in decreasing platelet aggregation, possibly by changing the platelet ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307322/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article"
] |
6307322
|
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] |
6,307,330 |
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and gastric emptying.
|
Bateman D N DN
|
British journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 15, No. 6, 1983 Jun
|
The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (0.5 and 1 mg i.v.) on gastric emptying of liquid were investigated in seven normal volunteers and compared with placebo. Despite significant change in pulse rate and psychological parameters consistent with cannabis activity there was no significant effect on the pattern of gastric emptying. It is therefore suggested that an anti-emetic action of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol does not involve a change in gastric emptying.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6307330/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6307330
|
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