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6,314,747 |
Failure of naloxone to reduce the clonidine induced reduction of blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline in patients with essential hypertension.
|
Bramnert M M, Hökfelt B B
|
Acta physiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 118, No. 4, 1983 Aug
|
Studies in animals and man indicate a functional interaction between the adrenergic and the opiate systems. In the present study the effect of the opiate receptor blocker naloxone on the reduction of blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline induced by the alpha 2-agonist clonidine was investigated in nine patients with essential hypertension. In a randomised manner the patients received a bolus dose of naloxone (10 micrograms/kg) or physiological saline followed by a slow infusion of naloxone (5 micrograms/kg/h) or saline, respectively. Fifteen minutes after the respective bolus dose, clonidine (3 micrograms/kg) was infused over 10 minutes. Naloxone had no effect on the clonidine induced hypotension and reduction of plasma noradrenaline. Accordingly, there is no evidence that the clonidine induced reduction of blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline involves opiate receptors that can be blocked by naloxone. Plasma adrenaline increased significantly during the early phase of naloxone infusion.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6314747/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6314747
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6,314,799 |
Fast neutron radiation therapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Results of an RTOG study.
|
Griffin T W TW, Davis R R, Laramore G G, Hendrickson F F, Rodrigues-Antuñez A A, Hussey D D, Nelson J J
|
American journal of clinical oncology . Vol. 6, No. 6, 1983 Dec
|
Between January 1977 and September 1980, 166 patients were entered on a RTOG protocol comparing neutron-boost radiotherapy with standard treatment for patients with glioblastomas. Eighty-three patients were randomized to receive a neutron boost and 83 to receive a photon boost after 50 Gy photon, whole-brain irradiation. Of these, six were ineligible and two were cancelled, leaving 158 patients available for analysis. The median survival for the neutron-boost group was 9.8 months, compared to 8.6 months for the photon-boost group. The difference is not statistically significant. Autopsies revealed actively growing persistent tumor in all photon-treated patients compared to no evidence of actively growing tumor in the majority of neutron-treated patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6314799/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6314799
|
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6,315,025 |
Activation of platelets and of fibrinolysis by venous occlusion in healthy volunteers and influence of suloctidil in comparison with placebo.
|
Baele G G, Bary J L JL, van Stalle F F
|
Arzneimittel-Forschung . Vol. 33, No. 8, 1983
|
The effect of venous occlusion on blood fibrinolytic activity and platelet activation was studied in 10 normal human volunteers. The procedure was used as a model to study the pharmacological effects of 1-(4-isopropylthiophenyl)-2-n-octylaminopropanol (suloctidil, Sulocton) in a double-blind cross-over trial comparing suloctidil 200 mg three times per day versus identical placebo, each given for one week at random, after an initial one-week placebo run-in; blood sampling was done at the end of each period. Statistically significant changes in plasminogen, alpha 2-anti-plasmin, fibrinogen and antithrombin-III were consistently obtained on each occasion and could be ascribed to local haemoconcentration while a much higher increase of plasminogen activator activity occurred. The influence of venous occlusion on plasma beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor-4 levels was found to be less consistent and under the trial conditions no obvious difference between the regimens studied could be objectified. On the contrary platelet aggregation by collagen was significantly reduced at the end of the suloctidil period.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315025/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6315025
|
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6,315,038 |
Hormonal effects and metabolic clearance rate of the enkephalin analogue DAMME in man.
|
Gilchrist N N, Bolton J E JE, Donald R A RA, Livesey J H JH, Roud H K HK, Nicholls M G MG
|
British journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 16, No. 5, 1983 Nov
|
The enkephalin analogue DAMME (0.25 mg) and normal saline were administered by slow intravenous injection to six normal male subjects in a double-blind crossover study. Plasma DAMME concentrations were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. A significant rise in plasma growth hormone and prolactin and a significant fall in plasma corticotrophin and cortisol concentrations were observed. The fall in pancreatic polypeptide concentration just failed to reach significance. No significant changes were observed in insulin, glucagon, glucose, adrenaline and noradrenaline. Serum concentrations of DAMME were initially high (greater than 6.7 nmol/1) corresponding with the observed maximum plasma growth hormone and prolactin responses. The serum DAMME concentration was readily detectable when plasma growth hormone and prolactin had returned to control levels, but corticotrophin and cortisol were still significantly depressed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315038/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6315038
|
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] |
6,315,040 |
Anti-emetic efficacy and toxicity of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, in lung cancer chemotherapy.
|
Ahmedzai S S, Carlyle D L DL, Calder I T IT, Moran F F
|
British journal of cancer . Vol. 48, No. 5, 1983 Nov
|
Nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, and Prochlorperazine were compared in a double-blind crossover study of 34 patients with lung cancer undergoing a 3-day schedule of chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and Etoposide. Symptom scores were significantly better for patients on nabilone for nausea, retching and vomiting (P less than 0.05). Fewer subjects vomited with nabilone (P = 0.05) and the number of vomiting episodes was lower (P less than 0.05); no patients on nabilone required additional parenteral anti-emetic. More patients preferred nabilone for anti-emetic control (P less than 0.005). Adverse effects common with nabilone were drowsiness (57%), postural dizziness (35%) and lightheadedness (18%). Euphoria was seen in 14% and a "high" in 7%. Erect systolic blood pressure was lower in nabilone patients on Day 1 (P = 0.05) but postural hypotension was a major problem in only 7%. Nabilone is an effective oral anti-emetic drug for moderately toxic chemotherapy, but the range and unpredictability of its side-effects warrant caution in its use.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315040/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article"
] |
6315040
|
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] |
6,315,050 |
The effects of breads containing similar amounts of phytate but different amounts of wheat bran on calcium, zinc and iron balance in man.
|
Andersson H H, Nävert B B, Bingham S A SA, Englyst H N HN, Cummings J H JH
|
The British journal of nutrition . Vol. 50, No. 3, 1983 Nov
|
The capacity of wheat bran to impair mineral absorption independent of its phytate content was studied by metabolic balance studies in man. Three breads were prepared, equivalent to white, brown and wholemeal, by adding bran in different quantities to white flour. Calcium, iron, zinc and sodium phytate were added to the loaves to make the amounts equal in all breads. Six healthy volunteers were studied for three consecutive 24-d-periods during which they ate a controlled diet, typical of that normally consumed in the UK but with 200 g bread/d. Only the type of bread changed between each dietary period. The phytate contents (mmol) of 200 g of each of the breads after baking were: white 2.3, brown 2.1 and wholemeal 2.2; non-starch polysaccharide contents (g) were: white 3.3, brown 10.9 and wholemeal 18.7. The increased amount of bran in the breads increased stool output in the expected way but no change was seen in Ca, Zn and Fe balance. Blood levels of these minerals remained unchanged. It is concluded that wheat bran and, in particular, the cell-wall polysaccharides of bran, are unlikely to exert a significant effect on mineral absorption in man, in amounts customarily eaten, independently of the effect of phytate present in the bran.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315050/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6315050
|
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] |
6,315,120 |
Prophylaxis of postappendicectomy sepsis by metronidazole and cefotaxime; a randomized, prospective and double blind trial.
|
Lau W Y WY, Fan S T ST, Yiu T F TF, Poon G P GP, Wong S H SH
|
The British journal of surgery . Vol. 70, No. 11, 1983 Nov
|
A randomized, prospective and double blind trial was conducted on 308 patients. Thirty-one out of 102 patients receiving metronidazole developed wound infection compared with 13 out of 103 patients receiving cefotaxime and 14 out of 103 patients receiving metronidazole and cefotaxime. The reduction in the wound sepsis by the use of cefotaxime or a combination of metronidazole and cefotaxime was statistically significant when compared with patients who received metronidazole only. For early cases including normal, acutely inflamed and gangrenous appendices, we gave a single dose of antibiotics just before operation. For late cases with perforation and abscess formation, the antibiotics were continued for 5 days. There was no statistical difference in wound infection between patients who received cefotaxime alone and these who received a combination of metronidazole and cefotaxime.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315120/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6315120
|
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] |
6,315,123 |
Dose dependent effects of oral progesterone on the oestrogenised postmenopausal endometrium.
|
Lane G G, Siddle N C NC, Ryder T A TA, Pryse-Davies J J, King R J RJ, Whitehead M I MI
|
British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) . Vol. 287, No. 6401, 1983 Oct 29
|
Oral progesterone 100, 200, or 300 mg daily was given for the first 10 days of each calendar month to postmenopausal women also receiving conjugated oestrogens 1.25 mg daily continuously. Endometrial biopsy specimens were taken on the sixth day of the third or subsequent cycle of combined treatment for histological, ultrastructural, and biochemical evaluation. Secretory histological changes were induced within the endometrium in a dose dependent manner, as were progesterone sensitive ultrastructural features such as nucleolar channel systems, giant mitochondria, and subnuclear accumulations of glycogen. Dose response relations were also observed for suppression of DNA synthesis and nuclear oestrogen receptor, and for induction of the activities of oestradiol and isocitric dehydrogenases. Progesterone administered by mouth clearly provokes an end organ response within the endometrium. Suboptimal effects were observed with the lower doses but progesterone 300 mg daily achieved responses approaching and within the physiological range. This dose may therefore be effective as an alternative to synthetic progestogens for therapeutic purposes.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315123/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6315123
|
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] |
6,315,227 |
Continuous versus alternating combination chemotherapy for advanced small cell carcinoma of the lung.
|
Osterlind K K, Sörenson S S, Hansen H H HH, Dombernowsky P P, Hirsch F R FR, Hansen M M, Rørth M M
|
Cancer research . Vol. 43, No. 12 Pt 1, 1983 Dec
|
In a 2-year period, 146 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung, staged as having extensive disease, were randomized to receive either continuous chemotherapy consisting of (a) 1-(2-chloroethyl-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and vincristine followed by (b) 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-[4,6-O-(R) ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside] and doxorubicin at progression of disease or a regimen of (a) alternating with (b). Seventy-six patients received the continuous regimen; 70 patients received alternating treatment. Response rates were 68 and 72%, respectively. The median duration of response was 16 weeks in patients receiving continuous treatment compared to 28 weeks in patients receiving alternating treatment (p less than 0.05). No survival time difference was observed between the groups, median survival being 36 and 38 weeks, respectively. Four patients became long-term survivors (5.6 +, 5.5 +, 5.1, and 4.7 + years). All received alternating therapy. Six toxic deaths were observed among patients receiving continuous therapy compared to only one death among those in the alternating regimen. In conclusion, alternating combination chemotherapy leads to prolonged duration of remission. Duration of survival is not prolonged in uncured patients, but an increased possibility of long-term disease-free survival cannot be precluded.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315227/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6315227
|
[
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] |
6,315,259 |
Comparative effects of propranolol and verapamil alone and in combination on left ventricular function and volumes in patients with chronic exertional angina: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study with radionuclide ventriculography.
|
Johnston D L DL, Gebhardt V A VA, Donald A A, Kostuk W J WJ
|
Circulation . Vol. 68, No. 6, 1983 Dec
|
With the use of equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography the effects on left ventricular (LV) function of 160 mg oral propranolol daily and 360 mg verapamil daily alone and in combination were compared in 18 patients with chronic exertional angina. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover protocol was used. The reduction in exercise rate-pressure product induced by the combination (118 +/- 28 mm Hg/min) was significantly greater (p less than .05) than that by propranolol (135 +/- 27 mm Hg/min) or verapamil alone (163 +/- 28 mm Hg/min). In patients at rest, neither single nor combined therapy altered global or regional left ventricular ejection fractions (EFs). Verapamil, but not propranolol, increased (p less than .05) cardiac volumes of resting subjects; used in combination, no further increase in LV volume occurred. With placebo, exercise global EF did not decrease from the level at rest and therefore no drug effect could be demonstrated for this parameter of LV function. By an evaluation of normalized regional EF measurements the combination was shown to reduce exercise-induced hypokinesis (placebo 52 +/- 20%, combination 61 +/- 23%; p less than .01). No significant improvement was noted with propranolol or verapamil alone; only the combination prevented a significant increase in end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes during exercise. Thus, propranolol and verapamil, used alone in moderate doses, exert no beneficial effect on exercise LV function as measured by EF and volume changes, and resting function deteriorates slightly with verapamil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315259/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6315259
|
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6,315,261 |
alpha-Adrenergic receptors and coronary spasm: an elusive link.
|
Chierchia S S, Davies G G, Berkenboom G G, Crea F F, Crean P P, Maseri A A
|
Circulation . Vol. 69, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
In 14 consecutive patients with variant angina we investigated the possible role of coronary alpha-adrenergic receptors in the genesis of coronary spasm. In eight patients, computerized, beat-by-beat analysis of the electrocardiogram recorded during continuous Holter monitoring failed to reveal any increase of heart rate and corrected QT interval (both indexes of cardiac sympathetic activation) in the period preceding the onset of ST segment changes in 197 episodes of ischemia caused by coronary spasm. In the same patients, analysis of the circadian distribution of ischemic episodes revealed a significantly higher incidence in the early morning hours, when sympathetic activity is at the lowest level. Twelve patients underwent serial provocative testing with cold pressor, phenylephrine, or norepinephrine infusion and administration of ergonovine maleate. Ergonovine consistently reproduced coronary spasm in all 12 patients, while results of cold pressor testing were positive in only one. Infusion of phenylephrine (eight patients) or norepinephrine after beta-blockade (four patients) failed to precipitate myocardial ischemia. In five patients infusion of phentolamine at the highest tolerated dose did not reduce significantly the number of ischemic attacks when compared with placebo. In contrast to results of previous reports, our data seem to rule out the hypothesis that an increase of sympathetic outflow to the heart plays an important role in the genesis of coronary spasm. We cannot, however, exclude the possibility of localized alpha-stimulation of epicardial arteries.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315261/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6315261
|
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] |
6,315,332 |
Acyclovir. A review of its pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic efficacy.
|
Richards D M DM, Carmine A A AA, Brogden R N RN, Heel R C RC, Speight T M TM, Avery G S GS
|
Drugs . Vol. 26, No. 5, 1983 Nov
|
Acyclovir (aciclovir) is a nucleoside analogue antiviral drug related to cytarabine, idoxuridine, trifluridine and vidarabine. In common with these earlier antivirals, acyclovir is active against some members of the herpesvirus group of DNA viruses. The efficacy of topical acyclovir has been convincingly demonstrated in ocular herpetic keratitis, and in initial and primary initial genital herpes infection, but little or no clinical benefit was seen when non-primary initial genital infections were assessed separately. Acyclovir ointment demonstrated little benefit in recurrent genital herpes but topical acyclovir cream decreased the course of the infection by 1 to 2 days. Orally and intravenously administered acyclovir were beneficial in initial genital herpes infections, and oral therapy shortened the duration of recurrent infections by 1 to 2 days but did not ameliorate pain. In non-immunocompromised patients with recurrent herpes simplex labialis, generally little clinical benefit was seen with the use of topical acyclovir ointment even when therapy was initiated during the prodromal phase, while topical acyclovir cream effected small but significant improvements in the clinical but not the symptomological course of the disease. However, in immunocompromised patients, both intravenous and topical acyclovir shortened the clinical course of herpes simplex virus infections occurring mainly on the lips, oral mucosa and face, and prophylaxis with either oral or intravenous acyclovir suppressed the appearance of recurrent lesions from latent virus for the period of drug administration, but acyclovir did not eradicate latent herpesviruses. In non-immunocompromised patients, intravenous acyclovir was shown to decrease the acute pain of zoster, especially in the elderly, but postherpetic neuralgia was not ameliorated. When immunocompromised patients were studied, intravenous acyclovir inhibited the progression of zoster infections and shortened the healing time and duration of viral shedding in patients with cutaneous disseminated zoster. However, acute and post-herpetic pain were not significantly affected. Well designed controlled studies are underway to establish the efficacy of acyclovir in herpes simplex encephalitis and cytomegalovirus infections in immunocompromised patients, infections due to Epstein-Barr virus, and neonatal herpesvirus infections. Despite some aspects of the drug's use which require further clarification, acyclovir will make a major impact on the treatment of herpesviral infections. Barring unexpected findings with wider clinical use, it will become the agent of choice in several conditions.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315332/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Review"
] |
6315332
|
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] |
6,315,442 |
Steroid receptors and prognosis in operable (stage I and II) breast cancer.
|
Stewart J F JF, Rubens R D RD, Millis R R RR, King R J RJ, Hayward J L JL
|
European journal of cancer & clinical oncology . Vol. 19, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
Four hundred and forty-seven women with operable (TNM stage I or II) breast cancer in whom oestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PgR) or both receptors had been assayed were studied. Receptor status was independent of axillary nodal status, but infiltrating duct carcinomas that were ER-, PgR- or ER-PgR- were more likely to be anaplastic (P less than 0.001). Four hundred patients with follow-up and uniform treatment were analysed for post-operative disease-free interval (DFI) and survival. No significant difference in DFI existed between patients with ER+ and ER- tumours or PgR+ and PgR- tumours, although there was a trend for longer DFI for ER+ and PgR+. DFI was longer in patients with better-differentiated (grade 1 and 2) tumours than with anaplastic (grade 3) tumours. In patients with ER+ tumours, those with grade 1 and 2 tumours had a longer DFI than those with grade 3 tumours (P less than 0.005). Survival was significantly longer in patients with ER+ tumours compared to those with ER- tumours (P less than 0.001), but there was no such association between tumour PgR and survival. Survival of patients with ER+PgR+ tumours was significantly longer than those with ER-PgR- tumours (P less than 0.025) and, in patients with no evidence of axillary nodal involvement, significantly longer than those with ER+PgR- tumours. Survival in patients with nodal involvement was influenced by histological grade, being longer in those with grade 1 or 2 tumours compared to those with grade 3 tumours. For ER+ tumours, survival was longer in patients with grade 1 or 2 than with grade 3 tumours. These results suggest that steroid receptors significantly affect survival but not DFI. This effect is most closely related to ER content, with relatively little additional information accruing from analysis of PgR. Histological grade influences both DFI and survival, and analysis of both grade and ER content may give a more accurate indication of prognosis in operable breast cancer.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315442/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6315442
|
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] |
6,315,447 |
Regulation of calcium-regulating hormones by exogenous sex steroids in early postmenopause.
|
Stevenson J C JC, Abeyasekera G G, Hillyard C J CJ, Phang K G KG, MacIntyre I I, Campbell S S, Lane G G, Townsend P T PT, Young O O, Whitehead M I MI
|
European journal of clinical investigation . Vol. 13, No. 6, 1983 Dec
|
A major function of calcitonin in humans appears to be maintenance of the skeleton. There is a marked sex difference in circulating calcitonin levels: women have much lower levels. This has led to speculation that calcitonin lack may be one factor involved in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal bone loss. We have measured levels of calcitonin and the other major calcium-regulating hormones in healthy women during the early menopause, and studied the effects of reversing their oestrogen deficiency with natural and synthetic oestrogen. The major findings were that calcitonin levels were increased by oestrogen administration (P less than 0.02-less than 0.001) and that the levels of the bone-resorbing hormones, parathyroid hormone and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, were not higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. We suggest that loss of oestrogen at the menopause accelerates the natural age-related decline of calcitonin secretion, thus further decreasing the calcitonin levels. This leads to increased sensitivity of the skeleton to the actions of the bone-resorbing hormones. It seems likely that the well-known effect of oestrogen in preventing postmenopausal bone loss is achieved, at least in part, by enhancement of calcitonin secretion.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315447/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6315447
|
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] |
6,315,514 |
A controlled trial of a high dietary fibre intake in pregnancy--effects on plasma glucose and insulin levels.
|
Fraser R B RB, Ford F A FA, Milner R D RD
|
Diabetologia . Vol. 25, No. 3, 1983 Sep
|
Non-obese women in the second half of pregnancy were randomised into a control group receiving standard dietary advice and a group advised to make high fibre whole-food substitutions in their diets at every opportunity. Glucose and insulin profiles were performed over 24-h periods at 29 and 35 weeks gestation when the diets were equivalent in available carbohydrate, protein and fat, but the control group ingested 12.4 g dietary fibre/24 h and the high fibre group 51.4 g/24 h. Glucose homeostasis was similar in both groups but there was a significant attenuation of post-prandial insulin secretion in the high fibre group. It is suggested that the characteristic post-prandial peaks of plasma insulin observed in Western pregnant women are an unphysiological response to dietary fibre depletion.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315514/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6315514
|
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] |
6,315,646 |
The effect of wheat bran on the intake of energy and nutrients and on serum mineral levels in constipated geriatric patients.
|
Sandström B B, Andersson H H, Bosaéus I I, Flakheden T T, Goransson H H, Melkersson M M
|
Human nutrition. Clinical nutrition . Vol. 37, No. 4, 1983 Jul
|
The total intake of energy and nutrients was recorded during 5 consecutive d in ten constipated patients in a geriatric ward. Twenty grams of ordinary or low-phytate wheat bran was then added to their diet and the 5-d food intake was recorded after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. The intake was generally satisfactory and decreased in only two women on bran treatment. The hospital diet had a high mineral content and calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron levels in serum did not decrease when wheat bran was added to the diet. Consequently no difference was found in serum mineral levels, when ordinary wheat bran was replaced by a low-phytate bran.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315646/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6315646
|
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] |
6,315,775 |
Endogenous opiates modulate the pulsatile secretion of biologically active luteinizing hormone in man.
|
Veldhuis J D JD, Rogol A D AD, Johnson M L ML
|
The Journal of clinical investigation . Vol. 72, No. 6, 1983 Dec
|
We studied the secretion of physiological pools of immunoreactive and biologically active luteinizing hormone in response to endogenous pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) in eugonadal men. Concentrations of immunoactive and bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined in blood drawn at 20-min intervals for 8 h in eight normal men under two conditions: (a) after placebo, in order to evaluate spontaneous LH pulsations in the basal state, and (b) after administration of the opiate-receptor antagonist, naltrexone, which is believed to amplify the pulsatile release of endogenous GNRH. Spontaneous and naltrexone-stimulated secretion of LH occurred in pulses of high biological activity, as measured in the RICT (rat interstitial cell testosterone bioassay), i.e., bioactive:immunoactive LH ratios within both spontaneous and naltrexone-stimulated LH pulses were higher than corresponding interpulse ratios (P less than 0.001). Quantitative characterization of the pulsatile release of bioactive LH revealed the following specific effects of opiate-receptor blockade: increased 8-h mean and integrated serum concentrations of bioactive LH (P less than 0.002), enhanced pulse frequency of bioactive LH release (P less than 0.001), and augmented peak amplitude of bio-LH pulses (P less than 0.01). Moreover, this increase in episodic secretion of bioactive LH was associated with increased 8-h mean and integrated serum testosterone concentrations in these men (P less than 0.05). We conclude the following: (a) LH is normally released in spontaneous pulses of high biological activity in men; (b) when the endogenous GNRH signal is amplified by opiate-receptor blockade, the pituitary gland releases more frequent bioactive LH pulses, which are of high amplitude and contain a high bioactive:immunoactive LH ratio. This increase in pulsatile release of bioactive LH quantitated in the RICT assay in vitro is reflected by acutely increased serum testosterone concentrations in vivo. We infer that modulation of the episodic GNRH signal by endogenous opiates provides another significant mechanism by which the hypothalamus can alter the biological activity of circulating gonadotropic hormone in man. Moreover, observed alterations in the pulsatile pattern of bioactive LH release were associated in turn with significant changes in testosterone concentrations. Thus, we hypothesize that alterations in the properties of the bioactive LH pulse signal can provide an important mechanism for regulating target-cell function within the gonad in states of health or disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315775/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6315775
|
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] |
6,315,789 |
A method for the determination of drug effectiveness in onychomycosis. Trials with ketoconazole and griseofulvin ultramicrosize.
|
Zaias N N, Drachman D D
|
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Vol. 9, No. 6, 1983 Dec
|
A new method for assessing drug effectiveness in onychomycosis is presented. It is based on the clinical experience when three systemic antifungal drugs (griseofulvin, thiabendazole, and ketoconazole) are used against onychomycosis. These drugs act clinically as a barrier to the invasion of the fungus toward the proximal areas of the nail plate. A monthly quantity of normal nail plate should be produced by a given subject after the administration of an effective dose of the antifungal being tested. This quantity is best measured at monthly intervals, and this in fact reflects the normal monthly nail plate growth for the individual. Although there is a slight variation among individuals, most normal healthy subjects grow 1.5 to 2 mm of nail plate per month from their large toenails and 3 to 4 mm of nail plate per month from their fingernails. Utilizing this quantitative system, ketoconazole and griseofulvin ultramicrosize were compared in the treatment of distal subungual onychomycosis by Trichophyton rubrum. In a double-blind study, sixteen patients were treated. It appears that both griseofulvin and ketoconazole can eradicate the episode of onychomycosis. One-year use of a topical antifungal cream after clinical cure of onychomycosis prevented reinfection in the 12-month follow-up period. The use of ketoconazole in long-term therapy may result in serious side effects and should be considered carefully prior to treatment.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315789/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6315789
|
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] |
6,315,911 |
Marijuana-induced primary process content in the TAT.
|
West A A, Martindale C C, Hines D D, Roth W T WT
|
Journal of personality assessment . Vol. 47, No. 5, 1983 Oct
|
Seventy-two normal adult male subjects wrote TAT stories under baseline and either placebo- or marijuana-ingestion conditions. Marijuana subjects received 20 mg. doses of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol. The stories were keypunched and content analyzed with the Regressive Imagery Dictionary, which yields a score for primary process content. Results indicate that marijuana, relative to placebo, caused subjects to write stories with a higher proportion of primary process content than they had included in baseline stories.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315911/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
6315911
|
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6,315,982 |
Efficacy of guar gum in preventing the dumping syndrome.
|
Harju E E, Larmi T K TK
|
JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition . Vol. 7, No. 5
|
The occurrence of dumping symptoms during 1 wk of use of 5 g of guar gum or placebo in meals was examined in a double-blind study in 11 patients, who had undergone gastric resection and were suffering from the dumping syndrome. The results show that guar gum prevented the dumping syndrome and increased tolerance to foods not previously tolerated in nine of the 11 patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6315982/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6315982
|
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] |
6,316,120 |
The use of levamisole as an adjunct to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung.
|
Ainslie J J, Burdon J G JG, Henderson M M MM, Ilbery P L PL, Matthews J P JP
|
The Medical journal of Australia . Vol. 2, No. 6, 1983 Sep 17
|
To test the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung, patients were allocated at random, in a double-blind controlled trial, to treatment with either levamisole or placebo as an adjunct to chemotherapy with multiple drugs (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate and adriamycin) and to radiotherapy. We report here the results of a pilot study of 13 patients. The median survival period of the patients who were given levamisole was 25 weeks. This was significantly shorter (P less than 0.05) than that of the patients who were given placebo (46 weeks).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6316120/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6316120
|
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] |
6,316,307 |
The effects of a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regime on diabetic hypertensive patients of different ethnic groups.
|
Dodson P M PM, Pacy P J PJ, Beevers M M, Bal P P, Fletcher R F RF, Taylor K G KG
|
Postgraduate medical journal . Vol. 59, No. 696, 1983 Oct
|
Fifty-three diabetic patients with mild hypertension were allocated to a treatment diet with a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regime or a control diet. After a 1-month treatment period, the modified-diet treated group (n = 35) showed a highly significant reduction in mean diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001) accompanied by significant reduction in urinary sodium excretion (P less than 0.01). The mean values of diastolic pressure (P less than 0.05) and urinary sodium/potassium ratio (P less than 0.01) were also significantly reduced at 1 month compared to control. White (n = 16) and West Indian (n = 10) diabetic hypertensive patients demonstrated a similar significant hypotensive response (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.01 respectively) with reduction in urinary sodium excretion to the modified diet. In contrast, Asian patients demonstrated no significant changes. Treatment of hypertension in diabetic subjects with a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regimen may have a hypotensive response after a period of 1 month and there is a similar response in both black and white ethnic groups. Further observation of these patients will determine long-term response and compliance.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6316307/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6316307
|
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] |
6,316,420 |
The effects of continuous infusions of prostacyclin-Na (epoprostenol-sodium) on platelet counts, ADP-induced aggregation, and cyclic AMP levels in normal volunteers.
|
Reele S B SB, Miller O V OV, Spillers C C, Gorman R R RR
|
Prostaglandins . Vol. 26, No. 2, 1983 Aug
|
Six male volunteers received either 0 (buffer), 2.5 or 5.0 ng/kg/min PGI2 X Na for 72 hrs. Various platelet parameters were monitored for an additional 72 hrs. Each morning, for seven consecutive days, and +1 and +6 hrs after the termination of the infusion, blood was drawn and platelet rich plasma (PRP) was prepared. The PRP was immediately exposed to 100 ng/ml PGI2 X Na, and the subsequent increase in platelet cyclic AMP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Aggregation in response to 2 or 4 microM ADP was measured simultaneously. Three volunteers returned for a second 72 hr infusion of 5.0 ng/kg/min PGI2 X Na. After 72 hrs, the infusion rate was gradually "tapered off" over a 12 hr period at which time the infusion was terminated. The sensitivity of the PRP to ADP-induced aggregation was recorded before, during, and after the "tapering off" regimen. Platelet counts were not altered by any of the infusions. The responsiveness of the platelet adenylate cyclase to exogenous PGI2 X Na was inversely related to the concentration of PGI2 X Na infused. Desensitization occurred and was more severe after 72 hrs of infusion than after either 24 or 48 hrs. For example, after 72 hrs at 5.0 ng/kg, platelets lost approximately 50% of their responsiveness to PGI2. ADP-induced aggregation was not significantly inhibited ex vivo by the infusion of 2.5 ng/kg/min PGI2. During the infusion of 5.0 ng/kg/min PGI2, ADP-induced aggregation was inhibited at 24 and 48 hrs, but by 72 hrs, the platelets began to respond to ADP more like control cells even though the PGI2 X Na infusion was continuing. When the infusion was abruptly terminated a hyperaggregable response (rebound) to exogenous ADP was observed. In subjects where the 5.0 ng/kg/min infusion was gradually "tapered off" over a 12 hr period, there was no evidence of platelet hyperaggregability at the time points studied.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6316420/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6316420
|
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6,316,711 |
Ventilation tubes in secretory otitis media. A randomized, controlled study of the course, the complications, and the sequelae of ventilation tubes.
|
Lildholdt T T
|
Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum . Vol. 398, 1983
|
The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the use of ventilation tubes in the treatment of cases of primary secretory otitis media. Bilateral cases were selected and a tube inserted in one ear while the other ear was left intact. Adenoidectomy was performed on all children, tonsillectomy in 34% of the cases. A total of 150 children (mean age = 3.9 years) were included during the years 1976-1979 and check-ups performed every 3-6 months. The follow-up rate was 89.3%. The condition of each individual was assessed after a 5-year period, the mean period of observation was 3.2 years. The results of tympanometry and audiometry from the two types of ears were, on average, similar. Repeat operation was carried out in 17% of the cases and later otomicroscopy revealed a higher incidence of atrophy in these eardrums (p less than 0.01). A period of suppuration was noted in 25% of the ears with a ventilation tube, 2 months or more after operation; a higher incidence of tympanosclerosis was later found (p = 0.02). Twentythree per cent of the treated eardrums were characterized at the final check-up as "normal" by means of otomicroscopy, in contrast to 83% of the intact ears. The "end-result" of each ear was estimated using tympanometry, audiometry as well as otomicroscopy, and a difference in favour of the intact ears was found (p less than 0.01). A similar estimate for each child gave the result that 31% had one ear categorized as "pathological" while this was the case in both ears of 9% of the children. The children subjected to initial tonsillectomy showed a worse "end-result" (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the use of ventilation tubes in children with primary secretory otitis media is not justified. Observation has shown that only a small proportion will require surgical treatment of the middle ear. A ventilation tube may be indicated in order to combat hearing loss, but it should be borne in mind that its use involves a high risk of complications and sequelae which may result in chronic middle ear disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6316711/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6316711
|
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6,316,784 |
Treatment of extensive stage small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Effects of variation in intensity of induction chemotherapy.
|
Brower M M, Ihde D C DC, Johnston-Early A A, Bunn P A PA, Cohen M H MH, Carney D N DN, Makuch R W RW, Matthews M J MJ, Radice P A PA, Minna J D JD
|
The American journal of medicine . Vol. 75, No. 6, 1983 Dec
|
Forty-nine consecutive previously untreated patients with extensive stage small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with cyclophosphamide 1,000 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, etoposide (VP-16-213) 125 mg/m2, and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 (maximum 2 mg) as induction chemotherapy. Thirty-four patients were given high-intensity therapy, receiving these drugs on both Days 1 and 8 of two or three 21-day induction courses. Fifteen other patients were treated with moderate intensity, receiving these drugs only on Day 1 of two 21-day induction courses. The number and intensity of induction courses were determined by the time of entry into the study. There were 31 complete or partial remissions among the 33 evaluable patients treated with high-intensity therapy (94 percent), including eight complete remissions (24 percent), whereas there were 11 responses (73 percent) including three complete responses (20 percent) among the 15 patients treated with moderate-intensity therapy. There was no marked tendency for the patients in the high-intensity group to have a more favorable response to the induction chemotherapy (p = 0.22), and survival experience was very similar in the two groups (p = 0.92). Overall median survival was 12 months. Within the high-intensity group, there was no significant difference between patients receiving two or three courses of induction therapy with respect to response (p = 0.97) or survival (p = 0.32). There were six induction deaths in the high-intensity induction group (18 percent) and one induction death in the moderate-intensity group (7 percent) (p = 0.59). In addition to the expected hematologic and infectious complications, there were unexpectedly high frequencies of mucositis, reversible congestive heart failure, and severe peripheral neuropathy in patients treated with high-intensity induction. Only two patients, both in the high-intensity group, were alive and free of disease at 24 months. Increasing the intensity of induction chemotherapy with these drugs did not significantly improve response or survival in extensive stage small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6316784/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6316784
|
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] |
6,317,158 |
Cisplatin. An active drug in the treatment of disseminated gastric cancer.
|
Leichman L L, McDonald B B, Dindogru A A, Samson M M, Vaitkevicius V K VK
|
Cancer . Vol. 53, No. 1, 1984 Jan 01
|
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) was administered at 100 mg/m2 intravenously bolus with every 3-week schedule in patients with measurable and nonmeasurable incurable gastric cancer. Twenty patients were treated, 12 with measurable and 8 with nonmeasurable disease. Four of the 12 (33%) patients with measurable lesions had objective remissions. One remission was complete, lasting 60+ weeks. Patients with nonmeasurable disease were not eligible for response evaluation; they were followed for toxicity and survival. Hematologic, renal, and gastrointestinal toxicities were similar to those reported in other patient populations receiving DDP. Neurotoxicity proved to be dose limiting in two patients. The median survival was 38+ weeks for responders, 24 weeks for all patients, and 13 weeks for those 8 patients with nonmeasurable disease. DDP should be considered an active drug against gastric cancer. A better understanding of the dose response relationship for DDP in gastric cancer is necessary before the best dose and schedule can be chosen for DDP in combination with other active agents.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6317158/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6317158
|
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] |
6,317,162 |
Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in patients with small cell lung cancer.
|
Clamon G H GH, Feld R R, Evans W K WK, Weiner R S RS, Kramer B S BS, Lininger L L LL, Gardner L B LB, Wolfe E C EC, DeWys W D WD, Hoffman F A FA
|
Cancer . Vol. 53, No. 2, 1984 Jan 15
|
Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels were evaluated in 80 patients with small cell lung cancer at diagnosis and during therapy over a 30-week period. Approximately one half of the patients were randomized to receive hyperalimentation. Folate and vitamin B12 intake was adequate without parenteral nutrition in these cancer patients. Serum folate and Vitamin B12 levels did not correlate with disease extent. At the initiation of therapy, serum folate declined with increasing weight loss. During therapy, the intake of folate was adequate to maintain a normal serum folate despite marked weight loss.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6317162/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6317162
|
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] |
6,317,272 |
Effect of protein binding on cefmenoxime steady-state kinetics in critical patients.
|
Reitberg D P DP, Cumbo T J TJ, Smith I L IL, Schentag J J JJ
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 35, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
The effect of protein binding on cefmenoxime steady-state kinetics was studied in 20 critical patients with gram-negative pneumonia. Sixteen patients were given 1 gm cefmenoxime every 6 hr, two received 2 gm every 6 hr, and two received 2 gm every 8 hr. Serum protein binding was measured by equilibrium dialysis. Assays were by HPLC. Serum cefmenoxime concentration-time data were characterized by a model-independent method based on statistical moment theory. Despite varying renal function in patients, mean cefmenoxime serum concentration-time curves for all three dosing regimens were closely aligned, reflecting successful empiric dosage adjustment. Terminal phase t 1/2 ranged from 0.8 to 2.9 hr and was significantly related to creatinine clearance. Cefmenoxime total clearance was significantly related to both lambda z (2.303 times the slope of the terminal portion of the log-concentration-time curve) and creatinine clearance (CCr). Plasma clearance of free cefmenoxime was more strongly correlated with CCr than the clearance of total cefmenoxime. Drug recovery from 24-hr urine collections at steady state was 76.9 +/- 19.8% of the daily dose (mean +/- SD, n = 13). Cefmenoxime protein binding in patients differed markedly from normal values. A regression equation derived from data on 11 cephalosporins appeared to predict total volume of distribution in the steady state (Vdss-Total) from the fraction of unbound drug accurately. Since cefmenoxime has a high therapeutic index, no clinical consequences are expected to result from variation in protein binding. Observed differences in protein binding between patients and normal subjects could have clinical consequences for highly bound acidic drugs that, unlike cefmenoxime, have narrow therapeutic indices.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6317272/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6317272
|
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] |
6,317,726 |
Compliance with therapeutic regimens: a follow-up study for patients with affective disorders.
|
Youssef F A FA
|
Journal of advanced nursing . Vol. 8, No. 6, 1983 Nov
|
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of patient education on patient compliance to psychotropic medication after discharge from the hospital. A sample of 36 patients discharged from an in-patient care facility and receiving an oral form of psychotropic drug were the subjects of this study. All subjects were patients of affective disorders. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group; and a directive patient-education group. The subjects were followed up after discharge for a 6-month period. In analyzing the data, results indicated that the difference in percentage of compliance between the two groups was statistically significant. Findings imply that patient education did have an effect on patient compliance to medication. The findings of the study support a technique that can be incorporated in both in-patient and out-patient programmes in psychiatric-mental health nursing. It would increase patient compliance to medication and hence decrease chances of rehospitalization.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6317726/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6317726
|
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] |
6,317,737 |
Lessons from the U.S. multicenter trial of ranitidine treatment for duodenal ulcer.
|
Hirschowitz B I BI
|
Journal of clinical gastroenterology . Vol. 5 Suppl 1, 1983
|
In duodenal ulcer, acid and pepsin in greater amounts and at higher concentration enter the duodenum and specific treatment should be directed towards correcting this abnormality. Such treatment is provided by the histamine H2-receptor antagonists. We discuss the first U.S. multicenter trial of the new nitrofuran-based antagonist, ranitidine, in which 382 patients were treated for 4 weeks with either ranitidine 150mg b.i.d. (195 pts.) or placebo (187); both groups were allowed to use antacid for pain. Those treated with ranitidine had significantly less pain and used less antacids than the placebo-treated patients; after 2 weeks, 37% vs 19% were healed, and after 4 weeks, 73% vs 45% were healed (p less than 0.01). After 4 weeks, 124 unhealed patients were randomized to ranitidine vs placebo for another 4 weeks. Ranitidine treatment again produced a greater healing rate (p less than 0.01), regardless of prior treatment. The 3 subsets of the data which contained more than 34 patients were analyzed separately. Each showed 1 or more significant deviations (type I and type II errors) from the overall study, which was in all respects similar to the aggregate results of all similar studies overseas. We emphasize the need for studies of adequate size.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6317737/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6317737
|
[
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6,317,816 |
Teaching methodologies: knowledge acquisition and retention.
|
Roberts K K KK, Thurston H I HI
|
The Journal of nursing education . Vol. 23, No. 9, 1984 Jan
|
In studying the curriculum of a nursing program, knowledge acquisition and retention by nursing students is a primary concern of nursing instructors. The purpose of this study was to determine if a lecture which stimulated several senses would significantly increase knowledge acquisition and retention compared to lectures that stimulate only the auditory sense. Forty-three, junior year, diploma nursing students who had essentially the same clinical experience were the subjects randomly assigned to either Group A or B for this study. Group A (control group) attended a formal lecture on "Spinal Cord Injuries" which stimulated only the auditory sense. Group B (experimental group) attended a lecture on the same subject which stimulated the auditory, visual, and tactile senses. A pretest was given to evaluate the knowledge base prior to the lecture, a posttest was given immediately after the lecture to evaluate initial knowledge acquisition, and a retention test was given three weeks later to evaluate amount of knowledge retained. Students attending the multimodal lecture demonstrated a significantly higher retention test score at the .05 level although they did not demonstrate a significantly higher gain score from pretest to posttest.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6317816/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6317816
|
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] |
6,317,858 |
Comparative trial of the contraceptive sponge and diaphragm. A preliminary report.
|
Edelman D A DA, Smith S C SC, McIntyre S S
|
The Journal of reproductive medicine . Vol. 28, No. 11, 1983 Nov
|
We evaluated the results from an ongoing comparative trial of the VLI contraceptive sponge and the diaphragm used with a spermicide. Among women who were not using vaginal contraceptives when enrolled in the study, the cumulative 12-month pregnancy rates were similar for the two contraceptive methods. Among women who were using vaginal contraceptives (principally diaphragms) when they were enrolled in the study, the group of women assigned to the diaphragm, as might be expected, had a significantly lower pregnancy rate. Rates of side effects and acceptability appeared to be similar for sponge and diaphragm users.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6317858/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6317858
|
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] |
6,318,185 |
Immunologic response to early and routine DTP immunization in infants.
|
Baraff L J LJ, Leake R D RD, Burstyn D G DG, Payne T T, Cody C L CL, Manclark C R CR, St Geme J W JW
|
Pediatrics . Vol. 73, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
The effect of early immunization, prior to discharge from the newborn nursery, on subsequent immunity as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibody titers to filamentous hemagglutinin and lymphocytosis-promoting toxin (LPT) of Bordetella pertussis and by standard pertussis agglutinin titers was investigated. Eighteen infants received routine diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization at 2, 4, and 6 months of age; 17 other infants received routine immunization and an additional DTP immunization in the newborn nursery. Antibody was determined on samples of cord blood and whole blood obtained at 4, 6, and 9 months of age. IgM anti-filamentus hemagglutinin was significantly higher at 4 and 6 months of age in the group that received early immunization (P less than .05). There was no significant difference in IgM anti-LPT, IgG anti-filamentus hemagglutinin, IgG anti-LPT, or pertussis agglutinin antibodies. Six control infants had high cord IgG anti-LPT titers. These six infants had significantly lower antibody titers to LPT at 6 and 9 months of age when compared with control with control infants with lower cord titers. Thirteen infants in the early immunization group with lower cord IgG anti-LPT titers achieved significantly lower titers at 9 months of age than the 12 comparable infants in the control group.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318185/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6318185
|
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] |
6,318,224 |
Effects of enalapril on blood pressure and renal haemodynamics in essential hypertension.
|
Navis G J GJ, de Jong P E PE, Donker A J AJ, de Zeeuw D D
|
Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. European Dialysis and Transplant Association . Vol. 20, 1983
|
The effects of enalapril were assessed in a double-blind study versus propranolol. Twenty-two patients with essential hypertension were titrated with either enalapril (5, 10 and 20 mg twice daily) or propranolol (40, 80 and 120 mg twice daily). With propranolol blood pressure decreased from 154/101 +/- 4/1 to 146/98 +/- 5/2 mmHg (mean +/- SEM); with enalapril it decreased from 151/103 +/- 3/1 to 134/92 +/- 4/2 mmHg, both after 12 weeks of therapy. Effective renal plasma flow remained unchanged in the propranolol group whereas it increased from 413 +/- 19 to 445 +/- 27 ml/min (p less than 0.05) with enalapril. Glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged at either medication. Enalapril is an effective anti-hypertensive agent with a favourable effect on renal haemodynamics.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318224/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6318224
|
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] |
6,318,262 |
Tetrahydrocannabinol vs. prochlorperazine. The effects of two antiemetics on patients undergoing radiotherapy.
|
Ungerleider J T JT, Andrysiak T A TA, Fairbanks L A LA, Tesler A S AS, Parker R G RG
|
Radiology . Vol. 150, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
The authors tested the effectiveness of orally administered delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as compared to prochlorperazine for the alleviation of symptoms, such as vomiting and nausea, experienced by patients receiving radiotherapy. The test subjects rated the severity of their illness, as well as the extent of their subsequent moods, their level of concentration, their amount of physical activity, and their desire for social interaction. They chose the drug they preferred and recorded its side effects. The use of THC was slightly more beneficial than the use of prochlorperazine.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318262/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article"
] |
6318262
|
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] |
6,318,304 |
Changes in serotype and resistance pattern of the intestinal Escherichia coli flora during travel. Results from a trial of mecillinam as a prophylactic against travellers' diarrhoea.
|
Stenderup J J, Orskov I I, Orskov F F
|
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases . Vol. 15, No. 4, 1983
|
The changes in the intestinal Escherichia coli flora during travel has been studied by serological methods. A group of 74 tourists visiting Egypt and the Far East were given mecillinam or placebo in a randomized double-blind study. In all but 3 participants, 2 in the placebo group and 1 in the mecillinam group, a complete change in the E. coli flora occurred after a few days, and changes continued to occur during the 25 days of travel. The percentage of multiresistant strains rose from 8% in the pretravel samples to 50-60% in the posttravel samples. Less than 5% of the pretravel E. coli strains were resistant to mecillinam, whereas in the posttravel samples 42.9% of the E. coli strains in the mecillinam group and 19.1% in the placebo group were resistant to mecillinam. Of the 30 mecillinam resistant E. coli strains from the diarrhoeal samples only 6 showed transferable mecillinam resistance.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318304/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6318304
|
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] |
6,318,307 |
Prophylaxis of fungal infections in neutropenic cancer patients.
|
Meunier-Carpentier F F
|
Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift. Supplementum . Vol. 14, 1983
|
The prevention of fungal infections in granulocytopenic patients seems necessary to improve the final outcome of neoplastic patients. In particular, aspergillosis and candidiasis represent common life-threatening infections among the patients with acute hematological malignancies. Despite extensive investigations during this last decade, the optimal approaches to prevent these complications are still controversial. This situation probably reflects and stresses the numerous factors which predispose to these opportunistic fungal infections. Therefore, the effective prophylaxis of candidiasis and aspergillosis should result from the use of basic and specific approaches. General and simple measures including well trained personnel (physicians, nurses but also individuals in charge of the housekeeping, etc.), careful patient teaching of personal hygiene and control of the food intake (limited to cooked food diet), will reduce the acquisition of potential fungal pathogens. Moreover, the isolation in a laminar air flow room seems to be the optimal specific technique to prevent the colonization as well as the development of pulmonary aspergillosis. The meticulous evaluation of the respiratory sinus status as well as surveillance cultures obtained from the nose have been shown to be helpful to predict patients at high risks. Until now, there is no systemic chemoprophylaxis available to decrease the incidence of invasive aspergillosis. However, the topical application of antifungal agent using nasal spray or aerosols should be further investigated. Exogenous candidiasis such as catheter or TPN products related yeast infections can be avoided by aseptic manipulations. Endogenous candidiasis, resulting from the dissemination of the yeasts from the gastro-intestinal tract (which represents the major reservoir), are still much more difficult to prevent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318307/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6318307
|
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6,318,543 |
Antihypertensive efficacy of once daily MK-521, a new nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
|
Rotmensch H H HH, Vlasses P H PH, Swanson B N BN, Irvin J D JD, Harris K E KE, Merrill D G DG, Ferguson R K RK
|
The American journal of cardiology . Vol. 53, No. 1, 1984 Jan 01
|
The effects of the new nonsulfhydryl-containing oral converting-enzyme inhibitor MK-521 on blood pressure, heart rate, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were assessed in 10 hypertensive patients. After a 2-week no-treatment period, patients received placebo and then 14 days each: MK-521 20 mg once daily, hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg once daily and the latter 2 in combination. During the last day of each treatment, the mean (+/- standard deviation) time-averaged (1- to 12-hour) standing diastolic blood pressure decreased from 106 +/- 8 (placebo) to 95 +/- 10 mm Hg with MK-521, 95 +/- 13 mm Hg with hydrochlorothiazide (p less than 0.05 vs placebo) and 88 +/- 11 mm Hg with the combination (p less than 0.05 vs all other treatments). The antihypertensive effect of MK-521 was maintained 24 hours after dosing. Heart rate did not change significantly after MK-521 treatment. MK-521 caused a marked suppression of converting enzyme activity for over 24 hours; plasma renin activity increased significantly after each active treatment and MK-521 significantly decreased the hydrochlorothiazide-induced elevation of plasma aldosterone concentration. In this short-term trial, MK-521 was well tolerated.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318543/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6318543
|
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] |
6,318,545 |
Effect of consuming fiber from corn bran, soy hulls, or apple powder on glucose tolerance and plasma lipids in type II diabetes.
|
Mahalko J R JR, Sandstead H H HH, Johnson L K LK, Inman L F LF, Milne D B DB, Warner R C RC, Haunz E A EA
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 39, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
The effects of consuming corn bran, soy hulls, or apple powder on glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated in two studies of persons with type II diabetes. Fiber sources, completely or partially added to bread, were incorporated into subjects' self-selected diets. Low fiber white bread served as a control. In study A, 10 subjects consumed 26 g fiber source daily; in study B, eight subjects consumed 52 g fiber source. Biochemical tests, including a 2-h postprandial glucose test using a low fiber formula meal, were scheduled after 2 and 4 wk of each dietary treatment. Soy hull consumption slightly improved some measures of glucose tolerance, with results varying between the studies. Consumption of 52 g corn bran decreased very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycosylated Hb, but subject tolerance was poor with the particle size used. Consumption of 52 g apple powder increased low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318545/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6318545
|
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] |
6,318,580 |
The role of antidepressants in the treatment of affective disorders.
|
Blaine J D JD, Prien R F RF, Levine J J
|
American journal of psychotherapy . Vol. 37, No. 4, 1983 Oct
|
The paper reviews studies of the effectiveness of antidepressants in acute depression and variables accounting for nonresponsiveness. Data supporting continuation and maintenance therapy are presented. The authors discuss nonspecific psychotherapeutic components of drug management and also review studies of the usefulness of antidepressant and psychotherapy, alone and in combination.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318580/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Review"
] |
6318580
|
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] |
6,318,605 |
Fentanyl preloading for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia.
|
Cork R C RC, Weiss J L JL, Hameroff S R SR, Bentley J J
|
Anesthesia and analgesia . Vol. 63, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
Protecting the patient's airway is of paramount importance in the induction of general anesthesia. For the patient at risk of regurgitation of stomach contents, the rapid-sequence (crash) induction provides protection, but at the expense of increased stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation. This stress response is especially dangerous for the patient at risk for myocardial ischemia. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of using low-dose fentanyl (5 micrograms/kg) to reduce cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress responses to rapid-sequence induction. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to a rapid-sequence induction protocol either with or without fentanyl preloading. Fentanyl-preloaded patients (fentanyl group) received 2 mg/kg of thiopental whereas patients who were not preloaded with fentanyl (control group) received 4 mg/kg of thiopental. Data collected as indices of the stress response included heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) and beta-endorphin. Electrocardiograms (modified V5 lead) were monitored for dysrhythmias and ST segment depression. Control patients had higher systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures after intubation than did patients given fentanyl (P less than 0.05). Although the incidence of dysrhythmias was decreased by fentanyl (20% vs 42%), this difference was not statistically significant. Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin and norepinephrine increased significantly in control patients but not in patients given fentanyl (P less than 0.05). Low-dose fentanyl (5 micrograms/kg) reduces some aspects of the stress response to rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318605/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6318605
|
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] |
6,318,647 |
Treatment of ovarian cancer in the Southern Swedish Health Care Region during the five-year period 1974-1978.
|
Sigurdsson K K, Johnsson J E JE, Möller T T
|
Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae . Vol. 72, No. 5, 1983
|
A total of 555 cases of malignant epithelial ovarian tumour diagnosed in vivo was reported to the Regional Tumour Registry for Southern Sweden, Lund during 1974-1978. Of these 428 (77%) were referred to the Department of Oncology, Lund, which serves the Southern Swedish Health Care Region. Patients not being referred were mostly elderly with advanced tumours. The selection of patients will thus affect the evaluation of the treatment results. The standard surgical procedure was bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy, and infracolic omentectomy. 95% of the patients were treated according to a randomized trial including postoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of both. Preoperative radiotherapy in primarily inoperable patients increased the operability. 34% of all stage IIb, IIc, III, and IV-patients were thus operated or reoperated with only small residual tumour or none at all following surgery. Stage, grade and size of postoperative residual tumour were the most important prognostic factors. The five-year cumulative survival rate for all patients referred to the Department of Oncology was 32%.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318647/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6318647
|
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6,318,655 |
Intranasal interferon as protection against experimental respiratory coronavirus infection in volunteers.
|
Higgins P G PG, Phillpotts R J RJ, Scott G M GM, Wallace J J, Bernhardt L L LL, Tyrrell D A DA
|
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy . Vol. 24, No. 5, 1983 Nov
|
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, self-administered intranasal human interferon alpha A produced by recombinant DNA technology was given both before and after virus challenge with a respiratory coronavirus. The incidence of colds, the severity of symptoms and signs, and virus replication were all reduced in subjects receiving interferon as compared with those given placebo.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6318655/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6318655
|
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] |
6,319,067 |
Ranitidine does not impair oxidative or conjugative metabolism: noninteraction with antipyrine, diazepam, and lorazepam.
|
Abernethy D R DR, Greenblatt D J DJ, Eshelman F N FN, Shader R I RI
|
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 35, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
Potential interactions of ranitidine with antipyrine, diazepam, and lorazepam were evaluated. Ten healthy male subjects were injected intravenously with antipyrine (1.2 gm), diazepam (10 mg), or lorazepam (2 mg) on two randomly assigned occasions, once in the otherwise drug-free state and once while concurrently taking a therapeutic ranitidine dose of 150 mg every 12 hr. Kinetic analysis for antipyrine showed no change in elimination t1/2 between trials (mean, 11.6 and 11.5 hr) with no change in volume of distribution (Vd) or total clearance (0.77 and 0.75 ml/min/kg). Diazepam analysis also showed unchanged t1/2 (32.3 and 28.9 hr) with no change in Vd or total clearance (0.42 and 0.39 ml/min/kg). Lorazepam as well had unchanged t1/2 (11.7 and 11.3 hr), Vd, and total clearance (1.52 and 1.65 ml/min/kg). Therefore ranitidine, unlike cimetidine, has no effect on either human hepatic drug oxidation, as measured by antipyrine and diazepam clearance, or human drug conjugation, as measured by lorazepam clearance.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319067/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6319067
|
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6,319,087 |
Effects of digoxin on exercise capacity and right ventricular function during exercise in chronic airflow obstruction.
|
Brown S E SE, Pakron F J FJ, Milne N N, Linden G S GS, Stansbury D W DW, Fischer C E CE, Light R W RW
|
Chest . Vol. 85, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
We evaluated 12 patients with stable chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) and no clinical evidence of left ventricular disease to determine the effects of oral digoxin on exercise capacity (VO2 max) and on right ventricular pump function during exercise. In this randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study, patients performed exercise tests and underwent measurement of ejection fractions after two weeks of therapy with oral digoxin (0.25 mg/day) and after two weeks of placebo. Incremental upright exercise testing to a symptom-limited maximum was performed on a cycle ergometer. Right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF, LVEF) were obtained in the supine position at rest and at approximately 75 percent of the maximum workload by gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography. All patients had abnormal right ventricular function, manifested either by a low resting RVEF (less than 45 percent) or a subnormal response to exercise (less than 5 percent increase). The small increases in RVEF with digoxin (mean +/- SE) at rest (44 +/- 5 vs 41 +/- 4 percent) and during exercise (46 +/- 4 vs 44 +/- 3 percent) did not achieve statistical significance. With digoxin, small increases in exercise duration (10.0 +/- 1.5 vs 9.0 +/- 1.4 min), maximum workload achieved (48 +/- 6 vs 42 +/- 5 W), VO2 max (0.85 +/- 0.06 vs 0.81 +/- 0.06 L/min), and oxygen-pulse (O2-P) (6.6 +/- 0.5 vs 6.3 +/- 0.4 ml/beat) occurred. Only the increase in O2-P was significant (p less than 0.05). From this study we conclude that digoxin does not significantly improve exercise capacity in severe chronic airflow obstruction with impaired right ventricular function, nor does it improve RVEF either at rest or during supine submaximal exercise.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319087/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
6319087
|
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] |
6,319,107 |
New and experimental therapeutic roles for naloxone and related opioid antagonists.
|
McNicholas L F LF, Martin W R WR
|
Drugs . Vol. 27, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
Naloxone and related opioid antagonists have been shown to have therapeutic utility in a variety of conditions. The effects of opioid antagonists in either physiological or pathological processes are most clearly seen when there is excessive occupancy of opioid receptors, as in opiate overdose. Opioid antagonists are also able to reverse several types of cardiovascular shock, conditions in which endogenous opioids appear to be mobilised, resulting in increased opioid receptor occupation. There are also more controversial circumstances in which excessive occupation of opioid receptors may assume pathological significance, such as hypercapnia. Opioid antagonists could be useful in such a situation by re-sensitising the respiratory centres to carbon dioxide. There is some evidence that opioid antagonists may benefit some schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients, suggesting that an endogenous opioid ligand might cause disturbances in mental functioning. The diversity and complexity of opioid mechanisms in the central nervous system suggest that more specific opioid antagonists could be more selective in altering physiological or pathological functioning.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319107/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Review"
] |
6319107
|
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6,319,147 |
Regional lung function in patients with a complete radiographic regression of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
|
Sörenson S S, Bake B B
|
European journal of cancer & clinical oncology . Vol. 20, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
Regional lung function was studied in 21 patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma who demonstrated a complete radiographic regression of intrathoracic tumour after 3 months of combination chemotherapy. Spirometry was performed in 20 patients. VC and FEV1 were, on average, 89 and 88% of predicted normal values. Impairment of ventilation and/or perfusion at the site of previous tumour was documented in 13 patients, while no such abnormalities were observed in 8 cases. Reduction of blood flow was generally more severe than impairment of ventilation. Neither median survival nor disease-free 2-yr survival was improved in patients with normal regional lung function compared to patients with functional impairment. This lack of survival advantage suggests that factors other than persistent tumour, such as scar formation, may contribute to reduction of regional lung function after chemotherapy for small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319147/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6319147
|
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] |
6,319,151 |
Circadian and seasonal changes in ACTH-induced effects in healthy young men.
|
Reinberg A A, Touitou Y Y, Levi F F, Nicolai A A
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 25, No. 5, 1983
|
The effects of the ACTH 1-17 analogue (100 micrograms i.m.) as a function both of time of day (7.00, 14.00 and 21.00 h) and season (winter versus summer) were determined on a set of physiological variables: urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, oral temperature, grip strength (right and left hands), peak expiratory flow and self - rated fatigue. Six young healthy males took part in the study in January-February 1980 and June-July 1981. They were synchronized with a diurnal activity from 7.00 to midnight and a nocturnal rest. Urine was collected every 3 to 4 hours, at fixed clock hours over 72 h (winter) and 48 h (summer). There was a one week interval between each ACTH test or placebo control. Variables were measured according to the same schedule. 24 h urinary 17-OHCS excretion was maximum for ACTH injected at 7.00 in winter and 14.00 in summer, and the minimum occurred after ACTH given at 21.00. The highest peak of urinary 17-OHCS was found after ACTH at 7.00 both in winter and in summer. It is likely that the maximal stimulation of glucocorticoid secretion occurs when ACTH is administered around the beginning of the activity span. Both in winter and summer the injection of ACTH at 7.00 was followed by the greatest decrease in self-rated fatigue (24 h mean) and the largest increase (24 h mean) both in grip strength and peak expiratory flow (bronchial patency) in comparison with other times of ACTH administration (14.00 and 21.00 h).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319151/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6319151
|
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6,319,152 |
The effect of captopril and propranolol on the responses to posture and isometric exercise in patients with essential hypertension.
|
Vandenburg M J MJ, Holly J M JM, Goodwin F J FJ, Sharman V L VL, Marsh F P FP
|
European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 25, No. 6, 1983
|
The effects of captopril and propranolol on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline, renin and aldosterone, and on the responses to changes in posture and to isometric exercise were measured in patients with essential hypertension. During placebo administration blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline rose on standing and during isometric exercise. The rise in diastolic blood pressure during isometric exercise correlated significantly with the rise in plasma noradrenaline. During captopril treatment blood pressure was significantly lower than during placebo administration when the patients were lying, standing or sitting, but the reduction during isometric exercise was not significant. Plasma renin increased, but heart rate, plasma noradrenaline and plasma aldosterone remained unchanged. The acute changes in blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline produced by standing and isometric exercise during captopril treatment were similar to those during placebo administration. During propranolol treatment diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower than during placebo administration when the patients were lying, standing or sitting and during isometric exercise. Heart rate also fell. Plasma noradrenaline during standing, sitting and isometric exercise was significantly greater than during placebo administration. The changes in plasma noradrenaline measured during propranolol treatment with the patients supine were negatively correlated with noradrenaline values obtained during placebo administration: plasma noradrenaline fell in patients with higher, and increased in those with lower, initial concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319152/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6319152
|
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] |
6,319,244 |
What is the benefit of coarse wheat bran in patients with irritable bowel syndrome?
|
Cann P A PA, Read N W NW, Holdsworth C D CD
|
Gut . Vol. 25, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
The effect of open treatment with coarse wheat bran was compared with response to placebo, given in the form of a double blind, cross over drug trial, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Both bran and placebo significantly reduced the severity of most of the symptoms. Constipation was the only symptom that improved significantly with bran, but not with placebo, and was the only symptom that predicted a successful outcome with bran. Diarrhoea did not improve with bran. In fact, stools became less formed in patients presenting with this symptom. The incidence of pain and urgency was significantly more frequent on bran compared with placebo. Compared with a baseline period, bran treatment resulted in an acceleration of whole gut transit time (p less than 0.05) increases in daily stool weight (p less than 0.01) and the proportion of unformed stools (p less than 0.01) but no change in stool frequency. Coarse wheat bran was no better than placebo for most symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome, although its efficacy in constipation was confirmed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319244/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6319244
|
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] |
6,319,337 |
Effects of a concentrated bran fibre preparation on HDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolaemic men.
|
Lindgärde F F, Larsson L L
|
Human nutrition. Clinical nutrition . Vol. 38, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
The effect of adding a purified form of wheat fibre (10.5 g/d) to a lipid-lowering diet was investigated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study (two 8-week periods) in 12 males (36-46 years old) with hypercholesterolaemia. Normolipidaemic men (n = 14, 45-46 years old) were used as controls in evaluation of the seasonal variation of serum lipids and lipoproteins in untreated subjects. Addition of wheat fibre was associated with non-significant decreases in cholesterol in very low and low density lipoproteins and a significant increase in cholesterol in high density lipoprotein. Serum cholesterol was unchanged in the treatment group but increased in the untreated control group. It is concluded that enrichment of a lipid-lowering diet with concentrated wheat fibre may be of value in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319337/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6319337
|
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] |
6,319,338 |
Serologic diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A double-blind study of four EB virus antibodies with evaluation by sequential discrimination.
|
Cai W M WM, Li Y W YW, Wu B B, Liu Y Y YY, Hu Y H YH, Gu X Z XZ, Liu H Y HY, Wang G D GD
|
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics . Vol. 9, No. 12, 1983 Dec
|
It is generally known that a close relationship exists between Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recently, patients with early lesions of NPC have been detected in the general population by use of serologic mass survey. Using the double-blind method, we have studied the diagnostic value of the four EBV antibody titers, VCA-IgA, VCA-IgG, EA-IgA and EA-IgG, in four groups of subjects, each consisting of 50 persons: patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC group), patients with cancers other than NPC in the head and neck regions (HNC group), patients with cancers outside of head and neck regions (OC group) and normal individuals (NS group). The results of these four antibodies were evaluated both singularly and together by multivariate sequential discrimination. Taking 1:10 as the criterion of being positive, in the NPC group, the positive rate of VCA-IgA is 88%, the VCA-IgG rate is 100%, the EA-IgA rate is 48% and the EA-IgG rate is 74%. In the non-NPC group, the positive rates of VCA-IgA are as high as 86%-92%, but those of the other antibodies are as low as 0-42%. The positive rates and the geometric mean titers of these four antibodies were all elevated as compared with those in the three non-NPC groups. These differences are statistically significant. VCA-IgG is unimportant in the diagnosis of NPC because of its low specificity. By treating the antibody titers of VCA-IgA, VCA-IgG, EA-IgA and EA-IgG with sequential discrimination, the correlation rate between the serology and pathology of NPC is 88% and the false positive rate is 7.3%.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319338/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6319338
|
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] |
6,319,449 |
Partial blockade by naloxone of clonidine-induced increase in plasma growth hormone in hypertensive patients.
|
Bramnert M M, Hökfelt B B
|
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism . Vol. 58, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
Studies in animals and man indicate a functional interaction between the adrenergic and the opiate systems. In the present study the effect of the opiate receptor blocker naloxone on the increase in plasma GH induced by clonidine was investigated in eight patients with essential hypertension. In a randomized order the patients received a bolus dose of naloxone (10 micrograms/kg) or physiological saline followed by a slow infusion of naloxone (5 micrograms/kg X h) or saline, respectively. Fifteen minutes after the bolus dose of saline or naloxone, clonidine (3 micrograms/kg) was infused for 10 min. Clonidine induced a significant increase in plasma GH. Naloxone pretreatment resulted in a significantly reduced GH increase after the clonidine infusion. These results indicate that the clonidine-induced increase in plasma GH in hypertensive man is partly mediated via activation of opiate receptors which can be blocked by naloxone.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319449/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6319449
|
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] |
6,319,452 |
Serotonergic stimulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion in man.
|
Lewis D A DA, Sherman B M BM
|
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism . Vol. 58, No. 3, 1984 Mar
|
Controversy still exists regarding the role of serotonin in the regulation of ACTH secretion. We gave normal men three oral doses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg) of fenfluramine, a serotonin-releasing agent and uptake inhibitor, and a corresponding placebo. There was a significant dose-dependent stimulatory effect of fenfluramine on both ACTH and cortisol levels. After the highest dose of fenfluramine, mean ACTH and cortisol levels increased from 20.8 pg/ml and 7.3 micrograms/dl to 35.5 pg/ml and 15.1 micrograms/dl, respectively. In a separate study, normal men were pretreated with cyproheptadine, a serotonin antagonist, before the administration of fenfluramine. Cyproheptadine did not significantly alter basal ACTH or cortisol levels, but it did blunt the responses of both hormones to fenfluramine. Cyproheptadine pretreatment did not alter plasma levels of fenfluramine. These findings support a stimulatory role for serotonin in the regulation of ACTH secretion in man.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319452/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6319452
|
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] |
6,319,633 |
Graduate nursing students and stress.
|
Mancini J J, Lavecchia C C, Clegg R R
|
The Journal of nursing education . Vol. 22, No. 8, 1983 Oct
|
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of a stress management program (SMP). The research question was: What effect does a SMP have on the stress response of full time graduate nursing students? A secondary purpose was to determine personal and professional stressors experienced by graduate nursing students and their coping strategies. The SMP consisted of eight weekly one-hour sessions of demonstration and practice of the relaxation response, imagery, and diaphragmatic breathing. Caffeine intake was also reduced. The subjects were 30 female graduate nursing students between the ages of 25-43. They were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Data collection consisted of weekly Palmar Sweat Prints (PSP), blood pressure measurements, and a Weekly Self-Report (WSR), designed to monitor adherence to the SMP by the experimental group and perceived stress and coping strategies of both groups. The A-State Anxiety Questionnaire and Rahe's Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RRLQ) utilized a pre-/post-test design. Three of the four indicators demonstrated no significant differences in the stress response. The PSP indicated a significant difference (.05). RRLQ suggested no significant differences in the lives of the subjects of both groups. The WSR showed significantly more professionally generated stressors than personally generated stressors. The control group reported significantly less strategies for coping with stress than the experimental group. Although the SMP was not practiced as suggested, its presence in one's cognitive repertoire significantly affects stress response and coping. Implications of this study are numerous.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6319633/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6319633
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6,320,078 |
Acyclovir and herpesvirus infections. A review of the literature.
|
Pallasch T J TJ, Joseph C E CE, Gill C J CJ
|
Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology . Vol. 57, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
Acyclovir (Zovirax) is a qualified success as an effective and nontoxic antiviral chemotherapeutic agent and at present is approved for the treatment of initial genital herpes and limited life-threatening cutaneous herpes simplex viral infections in the immunocompromised host. Its efficacy in Epstein-Barr, varicella-zoster, and cytomegalorvirus infections appears less promising. According to one controlled study, its efficacy in the treatment of herpes labialis (HSV-1) infections has been disappointing. The highly selective action of acyclovir against viral DNA polymerase and its inhibition of viral DNA chain elongation result in a low incidence of human (host cell) toxicity, as manifested by local irritation at injection sites and a modest incidence of adverse renal effects, which can be reduced by judicious drug use. Newer antiviral agents now under development hold substantial promise for the future of antiviral chemotherapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6320078/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6320078
|
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6,320,226 |
Acute effects of natural and synthetic cannabis compounds on prolactin levels in human males.
|
Mendelson J H JH, Ellingboe J J, Mello N K NK
|
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior . Vol. 20, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
Plasma prolactin levels were determined in 23 adult males prior to and following administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (17.5 mg orally), a synthetic cannabis compound, Nabilone (2 mg orally), a 1-g marihuana cigarette containing 1.83% THC, smoked under controlled conditions and placebo capsules and cigarettes for each of the active cannabis compounds. In order to control for possible influence of previous cannabis use history on prolactin response, three groups of subjects were studied--regular (daily) marihuana users, intermittent (weekly) marihuana users, and occasional (monthly) marihuana users. Each subject served as his own control for each drug condition. Double blind studies were conducted on a residential research ward. All baseline prolactin values were within the normal range for healthy adult males. There were no statistically significant differences in plasma prolactin levels among the three subject groups prior to administration of THC, Nabilone, marihuana or their respective placebos. There were no statistically significant changes in prolactin levels following TCH, Nabilone or marihuana smoking. Only placebo administration to regular and occasional marihuana users was followed by a significant increase in plasma prolactin levels. These findings indicate that acute administration of cannabis compounds, either orally or via smoking, does not significantly affect plasma prolactin levels in adult human males.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6320226/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6320226
|
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] |
6,320,360 |
A comparison of the combination pivmecillinam/pivampicillin and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of convalescent carriers of Salmonella and Shigella.
|
Ekwall E E, Jonsson M M
|
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases . Vol. 16, No. 1, 1984
|
52 convalescent carriers of Salmonellae (n = 25) and Shigellae (n = 27) were treated with a 4-week course of either co-trimoxazole or the combination pivmecillinam/pivampicillin. 84% of the salmonella isolates and 89% of the shigella were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Sulphonamide resistance was observed in 52 and 58% of the strains, respectively. 12 and 44% of the isolates, respectively, were resistant to ampicillin. All were sensitive to mecillinam and all except 2 were sensitive to co-trimoxazole. In salmonella carriers, co-trimoxazole was successful in 54% of the subjects and pivmecillinam/pivampicillin in 58%. Co-trimoxazole cured 83% of the shigella carriers and pivmecillinam/pivampicillin 87%. Shigella carriers responded to therapy promptly. Concurrent biliary disease or diverticulosis adversely affected the prognosis in salmonella carriers.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6320360/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6320360
|
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] |
6,320,580 |
Treatment of urinary tract infections in gynecological patients. A randomized study comparing pivampicillin-pivmecillinam with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.
|
Iosif C S CS, Laurin J J, Möller E B EB, Bauer C A CA
|
Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica . Vol. 62, No. 5, 1983
|
Eighty-two gynecological patients with clinical signs of a lower urinary tract infection (UTI) were randomized to 10 days' treatment with either a fixed combination of pivampicillin-pivmecillinam (PAPM) or trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMPS). The effect of treatment could be evaluated in 25 patients on PAPM and in 19 on TMPS, who had bacteriologically verified UTI and who completed treatment and check-ups. All strains were sensitive in vitro to the respective antibiotic combination used. Treatment eradicated the original pathogen in 75-80% of the cases, 64% of the patients on PAPM and 47% on TMPS having sterile urine 3 weeks after end of treatment. Side effects could be evaluated in 76 patients. Two patients on PAPM and 8 on TMPS had to discontinue treatment due to side effects. Including abnormal values for hematology, liver and renal parameters, significantly fewer side effects (p = 0.038) were noted on PAPM (7/40) than on TMPS (15/36).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6320580/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6320580
|
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] |
6,320,627 |
Blood lipids and lipoproteins in adult men fed four refined fibers.
|
Behall K M KM, Lee K H KH, Moser P B PB
|
The American journal of clinical nutrition . Vol. 39, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
Twelve men consumed a basal diet containing 14.6% of the calories as protein, 35.0% as fat (P/S = 0.39, 641 mg cholesterol), and 50.4% as carbohydrate for 20 wk. Four refined fibers, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose gum, locust bean gum, or karaya gum, were added to the basal diet individually for 4 wk each at the level of 0.75 g fiber/100 cal. Total serum cholesterol and plasma low-density lipoproteins decreased significantly after carboxymethylcellulose gum, locust bean gum, and karaya gum were consumed for 4 wk compared to levels after the basal diet alone. No change was observed in triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The high-density lipoprotein/very low-density lipoprotein + low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio after feeding carboxymethylcellulose gum was significantly higher than the ratios after cellulose or the basal diet. These results indicate addition of these gums in the amount of 0.75 g fiber/100 cal to a basal diet lowers serum cholesterol without decreasing the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, resulting in a higher high-density lipoprotein/very low-density lipoprotein + low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in circulation, significantly higher when the diet contained carboxymethylcellulose gum.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6320627/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6320627
|
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] |
6,320,943 |
In-patient regime for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: an appraisal of improvement in spinal mobility and the effects of corticotrophin.
|
Wordsworth B P BP, Pearcy M J MJ, Mowat A G AG
|
British journal of rheumatology . Vol. 23, No. 1, 1984 Feb
|
Twenty-one patients with ankylosing spondylitis were admitted for two weeks bedrest, postural and mobilizing exercises. Eleven received low-dose corticotrophin and 10 received placebo injections during their admission and all were reviewed after two months. In-patient therapy resulted in significant improvements in function, early morning stiffness, spinal pain, lumbar extension and lateral flexion, finger-floor distance and wall-tragus distance. These improvements were maintained at two months. Biplanar radiography confirmed significant improvements of lumbar spine mobility in 14 male subjects studied. Less improvement occurred in neck movements and these were not maintained. There were no differences between the two treatment groups.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6320943/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6320943
|
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] |
6,320,945 |
Beneficial effect of fish oil on blood viscosity in peripheral vascular disease.
|
Woodcock B E BE, Smith E E, Lambert W H WH, Jones W M WM, Galloway J H JH, Greaves M M, Preston F E FE
|
British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) . Vol. 288, No. 6417, 1984 Feb 25
|
Reports suggest that the low incidence of ischaemic heart disease in Greenlandic Eskimos is related to the effect of a diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid on platelet reactivity and plasma lipid concentrations. A double blind randomised investigation was therefore conducted of the effects on blood viscosity of dietary supplementation with an oil rich in this fatty acid (1.8 g/day, given as fish oil) and an eicosapentaenoic acid poor oil (as corn/olive oil) in patients with peripheral arterial disease. A statistically significant reduction in whole blood viscosity was observed at seven weeks in those patients receiving the eicosapentaenoic acid rich oil. No changes in plasma viscosity, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, or platelet count were seen. A significant fall in plasma triglyceride concentration was also noted only in the patients receiving oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid; plasma concentrations of cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were unchanged. It is concluded that rheological changes that result from a diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid may contribute to the suggested protective effects of such a diet against arterial disease and that such changes are of potential therapeutic importance in established arterial disease.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6320945/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6320945
|
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] |
6,321,073 |
A placebo-controlled trial of thymic hormone treatment of recurrent herpes simplex labialis infection in immunodeficient host: results after a 1-year follow-up.
|
Aiuti F F, Sirianni M C MC, Fiorilli M M, Paganelli R R, Stella A A, Turbessi G G
|
Clinical immunology and immunopathology . Vol. 30, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
Twenty-one immunodeficient patients with recurrent herpes simplex labialis (HSL) were randomly allocated to either the saline or the bovine thymus extract Thymostimulin (TS) group and treated for a period of 6 months. A total of 17 recurrences with a mean severity index of 266.2 +/- 192 in the TS-treated group versus a total of 62 recurrences in the placebo group (score 458.8 +/- 299.6) were observed after 12 months of follow-up. A significant increase of total WBC (P less than 0.05 versus control group), lymphocyte count, and T-cell number (P less than 0.001) were detected in the TS group after 6 months as well as after 12 months. In vitro lymphoproliferative responses to herpes simplex virus antigen and natural killer cell activity were also significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the TS group, whereas no significant difference in antibody titers to herpes simplex could be detected between the two groups. TS may be potentially useful in preventing viral reactivation in immunocompromised hosts by potentiating cell-mediated immune responses. Further studies evaluating TS for prophylaxis of infection in patients at risk should be considered.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321073/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6321073
|
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] |
6,321,195 |
The renin-angiotensin system during converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in patients with severe treatment-resistant hypertension.
|
Rasmussen S S, Damkjaer Nielsen M M, Ibsen H H, Leth A A, Giese J J
|
European journal of clinical investigation . Vol. 14, No. 1, 1984 Feb
|
The effect of captopril on blood pressure (BP) and various components of the renin-angiotensin system was assessed in ten severely hypertensive patients. Captopril acutely reduced the BP with a maximum decrease of 23% at 90-120 min. Maintenance treatment with captopril alone could not control the BP in any of the patients. Addition of hydrochlorothiazide markedly reduced the BP, while supplementation with propranolol caused no consistent changes. Three patients attained a supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) less than or equal to 90 mmHg. Only two patients had a fall in SDBP less than 10 mmHg. One patient stopped because of taste disturbances. Monitoring the renin-angiotensin system showed suppressed plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and increased levels of angiotensin I and renin, indicating the inhibition of converting enzyme activity. Plasma concentration of renin substrate decreased significantly. This observation has important implications for the methodology of renin assays. Captopril is an effective alternative in the treatment of hypertensive patients not readily controlled with conventional therapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321195/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6321195
|
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] |
6,321,282 |
Effect of oat bran on lithogenic index of bile and bile acid metabolism.
|
Arffmann S S, Højgaard L L, Giese B B, Krag E E
|
Digestion . Vol. 28, No. 3, 1983
|
Epidemiological studies lend support to the hypothesis that high-fibre diets might prevent and low-fibre diets might facilitate the formation of cholesterol gall stones. In the present study, the bile compositions after ingestion of oat bran 18 g/day and placebo 18 g/day for 2 X 2 weeks were compared in a randomized, double-blind cross-over study in 6 healthy volunteers. The lithogenic index of bile was not influenced, whereas the following changes (0.05 less than p less than 0.10) occurred: the cholic acid pool was enlarged, the relative proportion of chenodeoxycholate in bile was increased and that of deoxycholate reduced, while cholate remained unchanged. It is concluded that oat bran seems to influence the metabolism of bile acids.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321282/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6321282
|
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] |
6,321,311 |
Oesophageal function after oral ranitidine: an acute double blind study in normal subjects.
|
Baldi F F, Ferrarini F F, Balestra R R, Borioni D D, Brunetti G G, Barbara L L
|
Hepato-gastroenterology . Vol. 31, No. 1, 1984 Feb
|
The effect of oral ranitidine on oesophageal peristalsis, LOS basal pressure and gastro-oesophageal acid reflux, was investigated in 6 healthy men in a double-blind randomized study. Simultaneous manometry and pH measurements were performed twice in each volunteer during a five hour study period which included the administration of a standard meal. Ranitidine did not affect the motor parameters studied (amplitude, duration and velocity of the peristaltic waves and LOS basal tone), whereas it almost abolished acid gastroesophageal reflux. Our results show that ranitidine, like cimetidine, does not alter the motor function of the oesophagus, while it virtually abolishes acid gastro-oesophageal reflux in normal man.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321311/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6321311
|
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6,321,310 |
Is ethanol metabolism affected by oral administration of cimetidine and ranitidine at therapeutic doses?
|
Dobrilla G G, de Pretis G G, Piazzi L L, Chilovi F F, Comberlato M M, Valentini M M, Pastorino A A, Vallaperta P P
|
Hepato-gastroenterology . Vol. 31, No. 1, 1984 Feb
|
The aim of this study was to compare the ethanol serum concentration curve, the area under the curve and subjective response after acute ingestion of ethanol (red wine, 13 degrees proof, at a dose of 0.8 g/kg of ideal weight in 6 healthy volunteers with a mean habitual alcohol intake of 20 g/day. All the subjects underwent the test a total of three times, after pre-treatment with cimetidine (400 mg X 2/day/7 days) and ranitidine (150 mg X 2/day/7 days), respectively, and after receiving no pre-treatment. The wine was taken orally within the space of 15 min, four hours after taking a standard-weight ham sandwich. Blood samples were drawn at the following times: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes. The plasma ethanol curve of the subjects pre-treated with cimetidine lies above that of the subjects pre-treated with ranitidine, and largely coincides with the curve obtained in those who received no pre-treatment, with the exception of the initial hour-and-a-half, when the later show a slightly higher mean plasma concentration. The differences between the three treatment groups are merely arithmetical, but not statistical, with respect to peak plasma ethanol concentrations, time elapsing before peaking, and areas under the curves. These results are at variance with some published data suggesting a significant interaction of cimetidine with the metabolism of alcohol by way of interference either with the hepatic oxidative metabolizing enzymes, or with the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321310/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6321310
|
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6,321,376 |
Distractability under the influence of an ACTH 4-9 derivative.
|
Rockstroh B B, Elbert T T, Lutzenberger W W, Birbaumer N N, Voigt K H KH, Fehm H L HL
|
The International journal of neuroscience . Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 1983 Dec
|
Event-related brain potentials, autonomic responses, and response latency under distraction conditions served to investigate the effects of an ACTH 4-9 derivative (ORG 2766) on attention. Male volunteers (45) received either 40 mg ORG 2766 or placebo in a double-blind setting. Two-stimulus trials with acoustic warning signal (S1) and acoustic S2 which had to be interrupted by immediate button press, preceded trials with distraction during the warning interval in 50% of the trials. A final period without distraction served to test for rebound effects. A reduction in early CNV was found in placebo subjects under distraction, while subjects under ORG 2766 showed no reduced early negativity, but increased late negativity under this condition. Peptide subjects differed from controls in evoked potential components, showing enhanced N1 and P3 amplitudes. Activity in the alpha band was elevated. Postexperimental systolic blood pressure was raised by 15 mm Hg under ORG 2766. Results are in agreement with previous findings and suggest ORG 2766 effects on distraction resistance and attention fixation.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321376/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6321376
|
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] |
6,321,426 |
Comparative study of imipenem in severe infections.
|
Baumgartner J D JD, Glauser M P MP
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 12 Suppl D, 1983 Dec
|
Forty patients with severe bacterial infections due to micro-organisms known or presumed to be sensitive to both study antibiotics, were randomized to receive either imipenem with cilastatin, 500 mg/500 mg iv tid (20 patients), or cefotaxime, 2 g iv tid (20 patients). The types of infections observed were equally distributed between the 2 groups, and consisted of 18 complicated urinary tract infections, 9 pneumonia, 7 bone and soft tissue infections, 4 septicaemia of unknown origin and 2 intravenous-catheter-related septicaemia. In the imipenem group, 12 patients were bacteraemic, compared to 10 in the cefotaxime group. The micro-organisms observed were evenly distributed with Escherichia coli (22 cases) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6 cases) being the most frequent. Sixteen patients were cured in the imipenem group and 15 in the cefotaxime group, while 2 and 2 improved, 2 and 1 relapsed and 0 and 2 did not respond to the therapy, respectively. In the imipenem group, no clinical side effects were observed while 5 patients had mild reactions in the cefotaxime group (2 fever, 1 skin rash, 1 oral candidiasis and 1 diarrhoea). Imipenem thus appeared as effective and well tolerated as cefotaxime in the treatment of severely infected patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321426/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6321426
|
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6,321,454 |
Doxepin's effects on chronic pain and depression: a controlled study.
|
Hameroff S R SR, Weiss J L JL, Lerman J C JC, Cork R C RC, Watts K S KS, Crago B R BR, Neuman C P CP, Womble J R JR, Davis T P TP
|
The Journal of clinical psychiatry . Vol. 45, No. 3 Pt 2, 1984 Mar
|
Sixty patients with chronic pain of the low back or cervical spine concomitant with clinical depression were studied in a 6-week, randomized, double-blind comparison of doxepin and placebo. Significant improvements in the doxepin-treated group compared to placebo or to baseline values were seen on Hamilton depression scores, Global Assessment Scale scores, pain severity, percent of time pain felt, and effect of pain on activity, sleep, and muscle tension. Some improvements were observed after 1 week of treatment; the most improvement occurred at 6 weeks, when the mean doxepin dosage was approximately 200 mg/day and plasma doxepin and nordoxepin averaged 80 ng/ml. No significant harmful effects were observed. Neither plasma beta-endorphin nor enkephalin-like activity demonstrated significant differences from baseline. These data indicate that doxepin is a valuable treatment for patients with chronic pain and depression.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321454/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6321454
|
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] |
6,321,455 |
Antidepressants in concomitant chronic back pain and depression: doxepin and desipramine compared.
|
Ward N N, Bokan J A JA, Phillips M M, Benedetti C C, Butler S S, Spengler D D
|
The Journal of clinical psychiatry . Vol. 45, No. 3 Pt 2, 1984 Mar
|
Doxepin and desipramine at final doses of 188 and 173 mg/day, respectively, were compared in 36 volunteers with major affective or dysthymic disorder and chronic back pain. Both drugs produced significant decreases in depression, with an overall response rate of 70%; no significant difference was seen between groups. Pain ratings also decreased significantly in both groups (overall response rate = 50%); pain severity showed a better response to doxepin than to desipramine. While baseline pain, depression, and anxiety were correlated, treatment changes in these measures did not correlate. CSF beta-endorphin levels did not change with treatment. The usefulness of an antidepressant with anxiolytic properties, such as doxepin, is discussed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321455/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6321455
|
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6,321,588 |
Ranitidine in the treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease.
|
Sherbaniuk R R, Wensel R R, Bailey R R, Trautman A A, Grace M M, Kirdeikis P P, Jewell L L, Pare P P, Levesque D D, Farley A A
|
Journal of clinical gastroenterology . Vol. 6, No. 1, 1984 Feb
|
We undertook a multicenter double-blind study comparing ranitidine to placebo in 73 patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux ranging in age from 22 to 80 years (mean 49). Initially, all patients had moderate to severe symptoms associated with abnormal endoscopic and/or microscopic appearance of the mucosa. After six weeks, 46% of ranitidine-treated patients had a one-grade improvement in their symptom of regurgitation, as compared with 19% treated with placebo (p less than 0.01); ranitidine was no better than placebo in the improvement of pain or dysphagia. Endoscopic improvement occurred in 61% of ranitidine- and 48% of placebo-treated patients (p less than 0.05). Histological improvement occurred in a similar and small portion of patients treated with ranitidine and placebo; there was no correlation between clinical, endoscopic, and histological improvement. Antacid consumption was only half as great in the ranitidine as in the placebo group. Therapy with ranitidine was maintained for up to 12 months. The patients remained free of regurgitation or pain and there was a trend towards further improvement in the endoscopic or histopathologic appearance of the esophagus. Ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. is recommended for the relief of symptoms and improvement in the endoscopic appearance of the esophagus. Treatment should be for a minimum of 6 weeks, but may be continued for up to a year if the patient's symptoms persist or return.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321588/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6321588
|
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] |
6,321,673 |
Effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy in Wilms' tumor: results of an International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) clinical trial.
|
Lemerle J J, Voute P A PA, Tournade M F MF, Rodary C C, Delemarre J F JF, Sarrazin D D, Burgers J M JM, Sandstedt B B, Mildenberger H H, Carli M M
|
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology . Vol. 1, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
The results of a controlled clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy compared to chemotherapy in patients with nephroblastoma are presented. Of 397 histologically proven cases of Wilms' tumor registered at 34 centers between January 1977 and July 1979, 164 were eligible for the trial and were randomized to receive preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (group R, 76 patients) or preoperative chemotherapy (group C, 88 patients). The results were evaluated in terms of the number of surgical tumor ruptures and of local tumor extent at pathologic examination, reflecting the effectiveness of the preoperative treatment. Survival and recurrence-free survival in the two treatment groups were also taken into account. The stage distribution was comparable in the two groups, with 52% stage I tumors in group R, and 43% in group C. Significant changes in the pathologic pattern were more frequent in group R than in group C (53% versus 17%). From these data it is concluded that preoperative chemotherapy is as good as preoperative radiotherapy in terms of prevention of tumor rupture. In addition, it was shown that 43% of an unselected population of patients with Wilms' tumor could be treated without any radiotherapy when chemotherapy had been given preoperatively.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321673/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6321673
|
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] |
6,321,674 |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.
|
Colbert N N, Izrael V V, Lotz J P JP, Stoppa-Lyonnet D D, Vannetzel J M JM, Pene F F, Schlienger M M, Laugier A A
|
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology . Vol. 1, No. 10, 1983 Oct
|
A double-blind trial to evaluate the antiemetic effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in patients treated with cisplatin was performed. Thirty-seven adults with advanced cancer who were treated with cisplatin were randomly assigned to receive either synthetic long-acting ACTH (1 mg IM given 24 hours, 12 hours, and immediately preceding the administration of cisplatin) or a placebo given under the same conditions. All of the patients received chlorpromazine (50 mg IM) 30 minutes before cisplatin infusion. Patients receiving ACTH and chlorpromazine had significantly fewer episodes of vomiting (p less than 0.01) and shorter periods of nausea (p less than 0.02) than patients receiving placebo and chlorpromazine. Patients receiving ACTH and chlorpromazine were significantly more comfortable than patients receiving placebo and chlorpromazine. No important side effects were observed. ACTH may be an effective agent in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321674/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6321674
|
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] |
6,321,681 |
Clinical trial of the effect of S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) (NSC 296961) on the toxicity of cyclophosphamide.
|
Woolley P V PV, Ayoob M J MJ, Smith F P FP, Dritschilo A A
|
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology . Vol. 1, No. 3, 1983 Mar
|
S-2-(3-Aminopropylamino)-ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) is reported to protect normal tissues from the effects of ionizing radiation and possibly alkylating agents as well. The present trial assessed the ability of this compound to modify the clinical toxicity of cyclophosphamide. Patients with advanced cancer first received a dose of 1000 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide intravenously and were observed for toxicity, principally myelosuppression. After the nadir in white blood cell counts and/or platelets had been documented and adequate recovery had occurred, a second course of cyclophosphamide was given, this time preceded by WR-2721 30 min earlier. In this fashion, each patient served as his own control. Doses of WR-2721 ranging from 250 to 1000 mg/m2 were tested. A total of 13 evaluable courses of WR-2721 were given with cyclophosphamide. In no instance did the prior administration of WR-2721 diminish the bone marrow toxicity of cyclophosphamide alone. At the end of the trial two additional patients received the WR-2721 in a split dose, one-half prior to the cyclophosphamide and one-half 6 hr later; again there was no protection. The side effects of WR-2721 included nausea, vomiting, hypotension, sneezing, and swelling of the tongue. We conclude that WR-2721 is a potentially toxic compound that produces no amelioration of cyclophosphamide toxicity in the doses used. Because of the severity of the side effects of WR-2721, principally hypotension, the trial was terminated after 1000 mg/m2 WR-2721 failed to protect against the toxicity of 1000 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321681/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6321681
|
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6,321,684 |
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole versus placebo: a double-blind comparison of infection prophylaxis in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung.
|
de Jongh C A CA, Wade J C JC, Finley R S RS, Joshi J H JH, Aisner J J, Wiernik P H PH, Schimpff S C SC
|
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology . Vol. 1, No. 5, 1983 May
|
The suppression of pathogenic aerobes and the preservation of anaerobes provides a degree of infection prevention during granulocytopenia. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) suppresses Enterobacteriaceae and probably maintains colonization resistance through sparing of anaerobes. TMP/SMZ (320/1600 mg/day) treatment was compared to placebo in a double-blind, randomized trial in patients with newly diagnosed small cell carcinoma of the lung during the initial courses of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide. Infections were evaluated as microbiologically documented, with or without bacteremia, and clinically documented and were correlated to granulocytopenia. Of the 61 patients evaluated, 32 were given TMP/SMZ and 29 were given placebo; both groups had similar characteristics with regard to disease extent, performance status, age, sex, chemotherapy, and days of granulocytopenia. Incidence of infection at less than 100 granulocytes/microliters was significantly reduced in the TMP/SMZ group (2 infections/100 days) compared to placebo (11 infections/100 days, p = 0.005). Also reduced were the number of bacteremias and the mean proportion of study time on broad-spectrum antibiotics (p less than 0.01). Compared to placebo, TMP/SMZ provided infection prophylaxis without an increase in marrow suppression among patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung receiving intensive chemotherapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321684/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6321684
|
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6,321,686 |
A randomized attempt to increase the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer by hormonal synchronization.
|
Lippman M E ME, Cassidy J J, Wesley M M, Young R C RC
|
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology . Vol. 2, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
Human breast cancer cells in tissue culture can be growth inhibited by tamoxifen, an inhibition that can be reversed by estrogen. The question of whether tamoxifen inhibition of breast cancer followed by estradiol reversal would increase the efficacy of chemotherapy was asked. One hundred ten patients were prospectively randomized to chemotherapy consisting of cytoxan (750 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (30 mg/m2) on day 1 plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (500 mg/m2) and methotrexate (MTX, 40 mg/m2) on day 8 versus the same chemotherapy plus tamoxifen (20 mg/m2) on days 2-6 and premarin (0.625 mg every 12 hours for three days) on day 7. Chemotherapy was given in 21-day cycles. The first 55 patients were randomized to a regimen in which 5-FU preceded MTX by 24 hours; thereafter, all patients received MTX followed in one hour by 5-FU. No difference in any response parameter was seen between these two 5-FU/MTX schedules. A limited number of patients with inflammatory breast cancer had a significantly higher response rate (93% versus 61%; p = 0.03) than patients with recurrent metastatic disease. Time to progression (13 versus 17 months) and survival (17 versus 23 months) of responders significantly favored the treatment arm including tamoxifen and premarin. Whereas an additive effect of hormones plus chemotherapy cannot be entirely excluded as the explanation for the improved results with the addition of tamoxifen for four days plus one day of premarin, results suggest that further efforts to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy by perturbing tumor growth rates may be worthwhile.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321686/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6321686
|
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6,321,689 |
Increased therapeutic index of weekly doxorubicin in the therapy of non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective, randomized study.
|
Valdivieso M M, Burgess M A MA, Ewer M S MS, Mackay B B, Wallace S S, Benjamin R S RS, Ali M K MK, Bodey G P GP, Freireich E J EJ
|
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology . Vol. 2, No. 3, 1984 Mar
|
One hundred patients with non-small cell lung cancer were entered into a randomized evaluation of two schedules of doxorubicin combined with ftorafur, cyclophosphamide, and cisplatin (FACP). Doxorubicin was given either weekly at 20 mg/m2, or every three weeks (standard) at 60 mg/m2. Fifty-two patients were randomized to the FACP/weekly doxorubicin arm and 48 patients to the FACP/standard doxorubicin arm. The FACP/weekly doxorubicin regimen was associated with higher complete and partial remission rates (31% versus 19%), longer response duration (median, 33 versus 21 weeks), and longer survival duration for responders (median, 58 versus 50 weeks). These differences were not significant. Less neutropenia (p = 0.01) and less infectious morbidity (p = 0.05) were observed in the FACP/weekly doxorubicin arm. Twenty-eight patients underwent 35 endomyocardial biopsies to assess doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Sixteen biopsies were performed in 12 patients receiving cumulative doxorubicin doses ranging from 250 to 1,190 mg/m2 within the FACP/weekly doxorubicin arm. Nineteen biopsies were performed in 16 patients receiving cumulative doxorubicin doses ranging from 250 to 540 mg/m2 within the FACP/standard doxorubicin regimen. The FACP/weekly doxorubicin regimen was associated with significantly lower cardiotoxicity scores (p = 0.01). This study indicates that weekly administered doxorubicin is as effective and less cardiotoxic than the standard schedule.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321689/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6321689
|
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6,321,812 |
Effect of guar gum on gastric emptying after gastric resection.
|
Harju E E, Heikkilä J J, Larmi T K TK
|
JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition . Vol. 8, No. 1
|
Gastric emptying after a conventional semisolid meal containing 5 g of guar gum granules or placebo was measured in a double-blind, controlled trial, using a radioisotopic (technetium Tc-99m DTPA) technique, in 11 patients who had undergone gastric resection, and who were experiencing the dumping syndrome. Guar gum clearly slowed gastric emptying in five of the 11 patients, and the results suggest that the addition of guar gum to normal meals, especially those rich in monosaccharides or disaccharides, may be helpful to post-gastrectomy patients suffering from the dumping syndrome.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6321812/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6321812
|
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] |
6,322,207 |
An appraisal of antihypertensive efficacy and adverse reactions with two drug regimens: enalapril maleate as part of triple therapy compared to conventional triple therapy in moderate to severe hypertension.
|
Fernandez P G PG, Kim B K BK, Galway A B AB
|
Pharmatherapeutica . Vol. 3, No. 8, 1984
|
A randomized, double-blind, parallel treatment trial was carried out in 24 patients with moderate to severe hypertension to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of two treatment regimens in reducing and maintaining supine diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg. Patients in Group I received 10 to 40 mg enalapril maleate per day with the addition of 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide per day and then 250 to 1000 mg alpha-methyldopa per day, if necessary. Patients in Group II received 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide per day with the addition of 80 to 240 mg propranolol and then 100 to 200 mg hydralazine per day, if necessary. Apart from the hydrochlorothiazide dosage which was fixed, the dosage of the other active drugs was titrated incrementally until the target blood pressure level was achieved. Blood pressures, heart rate and body weight were monitored at 2-weekly intervals during 26 weeks of active therapy. In Group I, blood pressure control was achieved and maintained with enalapril alone in 9 patients, 2 patients required double therapy and 1 patient triple therapy. In Group II, 9 patients required double therapy, 2 triple therapy, and only 1 patient received monotherapy. Supine and erect blood pressure control was comparable in both groups. There was, however, a significant decrease in supine heart rate in patients in Group II. More importantly, 8 of the 12 patients in Group II experienced non-life threatening adverse reactions (4 were hypokalaemic and required supplementary potassium, 2 had cold hands and feet, 1 man had sexual dysfunction and 1 acute gout) and no adverse reactions were reported by Group I patients.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322207/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6322207
|
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] |
6,322,489 |
Absorbable suture in hernia repair.
|
Dørflinger T T, Kiil J J
|
Acta chirurgica Scandinavica . Vol. 150, No. 1, 1984
|
In a randomized, double-blind study, comparison was made between absorbable polyglycolic acid sutures (Dexon) and non-absorbable sutures (Dacron) in inguinal and femoral herniorrhaphies. The study comprised 58 patients with 61 hernias. Bassini repair was done in inguinal hernia and McVay repair in femoral hernia. The patients were evaluated at a follow-up examination six months after the operation. There was no wound dehiscence or infection during the primary admission. In one patient from each group there was recurrence of hernia during the observation period. No suture granuloma had developed in that time. These results warrant the use of absorbable sutures in inguinal and in femoral herniorrhaphy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322489/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6322489
|
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] |
6,322,505 |
Comparison between oral ketoconazole and topical miconazole in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
|
Puolakka J J, Tuimala R R
|
Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica . Vol. 62, No. 6, 1983
|
Oral ketoconazole and topical miconazole were compared in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis, in an open trial. One group (n = 49) received of ketoconazole, 400 mg per day for 3 days, another group (n = 42) ketoconazole 200 mg per day for 6 days and the third (n = 49) miconazole vaginal tablets (100 mg) one per day for 14 days. One week after conclusion of the treatment the mycological cure rates (67%, 78% and 81%) were not statistically different from each other. The recurrence rates assessed one month after the treatment were also of same order (7%, 7% and 15%) and did not differ significantly from each other. Those patients who had previous had candidiasis showed lower cure rates than patients with their first vaginal candidiasis., following both miconazole and ketoconazole therapy. No adverse reactions attributable to the drugs were recorded. The advantages of ketoconazole in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis are: oral route of administration, short duration of the therapy (3-6 days), high therapeutic effectiveness and lack of any significant side effects.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322505/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6322505
|
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] |
6,322,565 |
Comparison of oral MK 421 and propranolol in mild to moderate essential hypertension and their effects on arterial and venous vessels of the forearm.
|
Simon A C AC, Levenson J A JA, Bouthier J D JD, Benetos A A, Achimastos A A, Fouchard M M, Maarek B C BC, Safar M E ME
|
The American journal of cardiology . Vol. 53, No. 6, 1984 Mar 01
|
The efficacy of MK 421 and propranolol was compared in 48 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive 1 of the drugs for 12 weeks. Additionally, a subgroup of 28 patients underwent studies of forearm arterial and venous circulation by means of pulsed Doppler and mercury-in-silastic plethysmography. Both drugs reduced supine and standing blood pressure (BP) (p less than 0.001). Propranolol reduced heart rate (p less than 0.001), while MK 421 did not change it. Brachial artery diameter, blood velocity and flow increased after MK 421 (p less than 0.001), but were not changed after propranolol therapy. Forearm vascular resistance decreased after MK 421 (p less than 0.001) and after propranolol (p less than 0.05). Forearm venous tone was unaffected on MK 421, but increased after propranolol (p less than 0.01). Thus, in moderate hypertension, 3 months of treatment with MK 421 or propranolol similarly decrease BP, but affect the forearm circulation differently: MK 421 dilates both the brachial artery and the arterioles of the forearm, but does not affect the venous vessels, and propranolol causes little arterial change but increases the forearm venous tone.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322565/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6322565
|
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] |
6,322,674 |
Therapeutic touch as energy exchange: testing the theory.
|
Quinn J F JF
|
ANS. Advances in nursing science . Vol. 6, No. 2, 1984 Jan
|
Previous investigators have suggested that the effects of therapeutic touch are the result of an energy exchange between the client and the nurse. In this investigation, the theory of energy exchange is viewed as part of the broader conceptual system proposed by Rogers. The theorem that the effects of therapeutic touch do not depend on actual physical contact is derived, tested, and supported via an experimental pretest-posttest design. Subjects treated with noncontract therapeutic touch demonstrated a significantly greater decrease in state anxiety than subjects treated with a mimic control intervention. Implications for further theory development are presented.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322674/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6322674
|
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6,322,681 |
Comparison of ceftriaxone and traditional therapy of bacterial meningitis.
|
Congeni B L BL
|
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy . Vol. 25, No. 1, 1984 Jan
|
Forty-five children (aged 1 day to 15 years) with bacterial meningitis were randomized to receive either traditional therapy (ampicillin and chloramphenicol or gentamicin, pending sensitivity) or ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg per day in two doses for a minimum of 10 days). The etiological agents involved were similar for the two groups and included Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and group B streptococcus. Repeat spinal taps were carried out 24 to 48 h after admission. Organisms were seen on the Gram stain of one patient treated with ceftriaxone, but five patients in the traditional therapy group had organisms present on Gram stain of uncentrifuged spinal fluid or positive cultures of the spinal fluid (or both). Ceftriaxone entered the cerebrospinal fluid well, and the average cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal activity for ceftriaxone 1 h after a dose was at least 60 times greater than for ampicillin or chloramphenicol. In those patients who received treatment for a long enough period of time to permit evaluation, there was one death in each group, both due to S. pneumoniae. The length of fever and complications were similar for the patients in both groups. Ceftriaxone was well tolerated; diarrhea, seen in 5 of the 22 patients who received the drug, was the most commonly encountered adverse effect. It was mild, and in no case was it necessary to discontinue the drug. Ceftriaxone appears in this preliminary study to be a safe and acceptable single agent for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in children.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322681/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6322681
|
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] |
6,322,710 |
Efficacy of ketoconazole v nystatin in prevention of fungal infections in neutropenic patients.
|
Jones P G PG, Kauffman C A CA, McAuliffe L S LS, Liepman M K MK, Bergman A G AG
|
Archives of internal medicine . Vol. 144, No. 3, 1984 Mar
|
A prospective randomized study was undertaken in neutropenic patients to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic ketoconazole v nystatin in reducing yeast infections. Eighteen patients received 500,000 units of nystatin suspension four times daily, and 18 patients received 200 mg of ketoconazole daily. The nystatin group experienced nine local yeast infections (four thrush, three esophagitis, and two vaginitis); three patients receiving ketoconazole had thrush. No cases of disseminated candidiasis occurred in either group. Ketoconazole was better tolerated than nystatin and neither drug caused toxic effects. In addition to being nontoxic and better tolerated, ketoconazole appeared to be slightly more effective than nystatin in reducing locally severe yeast infections.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322710/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6322710
|
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] |
6,322,734 |
Efficacy of two third-generation cephalosporins in prophylaxis for head and neck surgery.
|
Johnson J T JT, Yu V L VL, Myers E N EN, Muder R R RR, Thearle P B PB, Diven W F WF
|
Archives of otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) . Vol. 110, No. 4, 1984 Apr
|
Optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis during head and neck surgery is as yet unclear. The semisynthetic third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics would appear to have potential usefulness because of their broad antibacterial spectrum, favorable pharmacokinetic properties, and record of safety. Eighty patients were prospectively randomized into this placebo-controlled, double-blind study to receive either placebo, cefoperazone sodium, or cefotaxime sodium preoperatively and for 24 hours postoperatively. Infection rates were 78% for the placebo group and 10% for the group receiving the cephalosporin antibiotics. Infections were polymicrobial. Anaerobic bacteria constituted 42% of the pathogens isolated. Wound and serum antibiotic concentrations exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration of the bacterial flora. This study establishes the necessity of antimicrobial prophylaxis for contaminated oncologic procedures of the head and neck. Our experience indicates that cefoperazone and cefotaxime are particularly useful.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322734/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6322734
|
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] |
6,322,827 |
Effect of intratracheal lignocaine, halothane and thiopentone on changes in plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in response to tracheal intubation.
|
Lehtinen A M AM, Hovorka J J, Leppäluoto J J, Vuolteenaho O O, Widholm O O
|
British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 56, No. 3, 1984 Mar
|
Alterations in the concentration of plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity (beta-EPir), in response to the stress of tracheal intubation, were measured in 48 women during halothane anaesthesia. The increase in plasma beta-EPir in response to tracheal intubation could be prevented by topical analgesia (4% lignocaine 2 ml) to the trachea, a deeper level of halothane anaesthesia (1.5%) and an increased dose of thiopentone (10 mg kg-1). It was concluded that a low plasma beta-EPir value is a sign of stress-free anaesthesia and that measurements of plasma beta-EPir may be useful in determining the degree of stress present during various anaesthetic procedures.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322827/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6322827
|
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] |
6,322,906 |
Comparison of regimens of treatment with sodium stibogluconate in kala-azar.
|
Thakur C P CP, Kumar M M, Singh S K SK, Sharma D D, Prasad U S US, Singh R S RS, Dhawan P S PS, Achari V V
|
British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) . Vol. 288, No. 6421, 1984 Mar 24
|
One hundred and twenty six patients with kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) were allocated at random to one of two groups for treatment with sodium stibogluconate. One group was treated for 20 days; in the other group the patients were assessed after 20 days' treatment and treatment was continued if necessary. Both groups were followed up for six months. There was no significant difference in symptomatic outcome between the two groups at 20 days. At six months eight of the patients in the group treated for 20 days had relapsed and 54 were cured. Of the group given more than 20 days' treatment if necessary, 62 were cured and none had relapsed (12 required more than 20 days' treatment). This difference between the two groups was significant. One patient in each group did not respond to sodium stibogluconate, but both were were cured with pentamidine. Altogether 104 patients were cured after 20 days' treatment; 20, including the eight who relapsed, were cured after more than 20 days' treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the side effects of the drug, which were minor. The longer courses of treatment (50 days in one patient) were well tolerated. It is suggested that the traditional six day course of treatment with sodium stibogluconate for kala-azar is grossly inadequate and that a longer course is required to prevent relapse.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322906/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6322906
|
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6,322,957 |
Effect of warfarin anticoagulation on survival in carcinoma of the lung, colon, head and neck, and prostate. Final report of VA Cooperative Study #75.
|
Zacharski L R LR, Henderson W G WG, Rickles F R FR, Forman W B WB, Cornell C J CJ, Forcier R J RJ, Edwards R L RL, Headley E E, Kim S H SH, O'Donnell J F JF
|
Cancer . Vol. 53, No. 10, 1984 May 15
|
VA Cooperative Study #75 was established to test in a controlled, randomized trial the hypothesis that warfarin anticoagulation would favorably affect the course of certain types of malignancy. No differences in survival were observed between warfarin-treated and control groups for advanced non-small cell lung, colorectal, head and neck and prostate cancers. However, warfarin therapy was associated with a significant prolongation in the time to first evidence of disease progression (P = 0.016) and a significant improvement in survival (P = 0.018) for patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung, including the subgroup of patients with disseminated disease at the time of randomization (P = 0.013). A trend toward improved survival with warfarin treatment was observed for the few patients admitted to this study with non-small cell lung cancer who had minimal disease at randomization. These results suggest that warfarin, as a single anticoagulant agent, may favorably modify the course of some, but not all, types of human malignancy, among which is small cell carcinoma of the lung. Further trials of warfarin may be indicated in patients with limited disease who have cell types that failed to respond when advanced disease was present.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322957/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] |
6322957
|
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] |
6,322,961 |
Radiotherapy plus razoxane for advanced limited extent carcinoma of the lung.
|
Corder M P MP, Tewfik H H HH, Clamon G H GH, Platz C E CE, Leimert J T JT, Herbst K D KD, Byfield J E JE
|
Cancer . Vol. 53, No. 9, 1984 May 01
|
Forty-four patients with limited extent American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage II-III non-small cell carcinoma of the lung were randomly assigned to potentially curative radiation therapy plus one of two schedules of razoxane. The weekly schedule was 1 gram per square meter body surface area (BSA) every 8 hours for two doses per week, and the daily schedule was a fixed dose of 250 mg per day. The 50% Kaplan-Meier survival estimate for both groups combined was 9 months. There was no survival difference between the two dose-schedules. Toxicity was formidable with an 82% incidence of esophagitis, and a 20% incidence of grade III-IV esophagitis. Fifty-nine percent of patients developed hematologic toxicity. This was greater with the weekly dose-schedule (P = 0.01). Forty-one percent of patients developed radiographic or symptomatic pneumonitis. One patient developed a fatal myelitis. This program is no more effective than irradiation alone, and has substantial morbidity.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322961/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6322961
|
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6,322,985 |
Effects of total parenteral nutrition and chemotherapy on the metabolic derangements in small cell lung cancer.
|
Russell D M DM, Shike M M, Marliss E B EB, Detsky A S AS, Shepherd F A FA, Feld R R, Evans W K WK, Jeejeebhoy K N KN
|
Cancer research . Vol. 44, No. 4, 1984 Apr
|
Changes in energy metabolism, substrate use, and hormone profiles were prospectively studied in 31 patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. Patients were randomized to receive either 4 weeks of total parenteral nutrition (n = 15) or to continue self-regulated p.o. diet (control group; n = 16). The initial actual resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry was 31% higher than the predicted resting energy expenditure determined by the Harris-Benedict formula. The p.o. calorie intake was inappropriately low for these hypermetabolic patients. Total parenteral nutrition resulted in a significant positive net energy balance, but in follow-up was associated with prolonged anorexia and a negative energy balance. Complete response to therapy reduced resting energy expenditure and increased calorie intake, whereas the contrary was true in nonresponders. Elevated plasma-free fatty acids (800 +/- 62 microM; S.E.) and a low respiratory quotient (0.74 +/- 0.02) indicate that the dominant energy source in patients with small cell lung cancer is fat, and that increased fat oxidation continues despite tumor response. Elevated fasting plasma catecholamines and insulin resistance may contribute to continued fat mobilization. Initially, there was a significant increase in blood lactate (1118 +/- 95 microM) suggesting either increased tumor or tumor-mediated glycolytic activity. Response to therapy was associated with a fall in blood lactate levels. The most effective way of improving the metabolic derangements in patients with small cell lung cancer was to achieve tumor response to therapy.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322985/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6322985
|
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] |
6,322,987 |
Comparison of combination chemotherapy programs in advanced adenocarcinoma-large cell carcinoma of the lung: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study.
|
Krook J E JE, Fleming T R TR, Eagan R T RT, Cullinan S S, Pfeifle D D, Elliott T T, Etzell P P
|
Cancer treatment reports . Vol. 68, No. 3, 1984 Mar
|
One hundred and six patients with advanced adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma of the lung with no prior chemotherapy were entered in a prospectively randomized trial comparing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin versus methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and lomustine. The two regimens resulted in nearly identical regression probabilities (36% vs 34%), distributions of time to progression, and survival distributions. The major toxic effects from both regimens consisted primarily of myelosuppression and nausea and vomiting, with severe vomiting occurring more frequently in patients treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (43% vs 19%).
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322987/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] |
6322987
|
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6,322,992 |
Ranitidine in the treatment of peptic ulcer.
|
Makalinao A U AU, Zaño F M FM
|
Clinical therapeutics . Vol. 6, No. 2, 1984
|
A randomized, double-blind study was done to determine the efficacy and safety of ranitidine in the short-term treatment of duodenal and benign gastric ulcers. Fifty-one patients with duodenal ulcer and 44 patients with gastric ulcer were admitted to the study. Forty-two duodenal ulcer patients and 36 gastric ulcer patients completed the study. In the duodenal ulcer group, 14 (70%) of 20 patients on ranitidine and one (4.5%) of 22 patients on placebo were healed. In the gastric ulcer group, 12 (75%) of 16 patients on ranitidine and six (30%) of 20 patients on placebo were healed. The healing percentages in both groups significantly favored ranitidine. Ranitidine was also significantly better than placebo in relieving ulcer pain. No side effect could be attributed definitely to ranitidine.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6322992/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article"
] |
6322992
|
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] |
6,323,185 |
Ventilation/perfusion relations in patients with small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung, obtaining complete remission during combination chemotherapy.
|
Sørensen P G PG, Groth S S, Hansen S W SW, Dirksen H H
|
European journal of cancer & clinical oncology . Vol. 20, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
81mKr ventilation lung scans, 99mTc perfusion lung scans and lung function tests were performed in 25 patients with small cell lung cancer during combination chemotherapy in order to characterize the physiological changes in responding patients. After 3 months of chemotherapy 12 patients had obtained complete remission (CR), with total disappearance of all visible tumor tissue at the chest X-ray, 5 had obtained partial remission, 2 had progressive disease and 6 had died. Prior to treatment a mixed pattern of restrictive and obstructive lung function decrease was observed. The patients had a significant decrease in both ventilation and perfusion (P less than 0.01) of the affected lung and a ventilation perfusion mismatch was seen. Three months after initiation of treatment the patients who obtained CR had a statistical improvement (P less than 0.01) of TLC, VC and FEV in 1 sec, rendering them statistically inseparable from a healthy control group. The ventilation of the affected lung in patients obtaining CR increased statistically (P less than 0.01), but only a minor increase in perfusion (P less than 0.1) was seen so that the ventilation-perfusion ratio remained distorted. It is concluded that even though an increase of static and dynamic lung function parameters, including the ventilation of the affected lung, are seen in patients with small cell lung cancer obtaining complete remission during combination chemotherapy, a marked functional decrease of the perfusion and a ventilation-perfusion mismatch remain.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6323185/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6323185
|
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] |
6,323,335 |
Ranitidine, cimetidine and antacids in the prevention of recurrence after healed duodenal ulcer: one-year experience.
|
Bresci G G, Capria A A, Rindi G G, Geloni M M, Federici G G, Corsini G G
|
International journal of tissue reactions . Vol. 5, No. 4, 1983
|
A total of 110 subjects with duodenal ulcer healed with cimetidine (C) (50 patients), ranitidine (R) (40 patients) or pirenzepine (20 patients) was randomly divided in 3 groups. The first group (40 patients) was treated with R (150 mg nightly); the second group (40 patients) with C (400 mg nightly) and the third group with antacids as needed for symptomatic relief. The presence of the ulcer and its healing were established by endoscopy, which was repeated after 6 and 12 months of treatment, or previously if symptoms suggested recurrence. At the end of the year's follow-up, no recurrence of ulcers was observed in 75% of the R group, in 77.5% of the C group and in 40% of the antacids group. Some erosive duodenitis developed in the first and second groups (17.5% and 20% respectively), but none in the antacids group. Most of the ulcers that recurred did so in the first 6 months of treatment. No relevant side-effects were observed with the treatments described. Although no significant difference was detected between C and R treatments, both appeared to be clearly more effective than antacids. The usefulness of adequate prophylactic treatment against the tendency of duodenal ulcer to recur is stressed.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6323335/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6323335
|
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] |
6,323,338 |
Ranitidine and cimetidine in renal transplantation: a clinical trial.
|
Ahonen J J, Paimela H H, Kauste A A, Häyry P P, Eklund B B, Pettersson E E
|
International journal of tissue reactions . Vol. 5, No. 4, 1983
|
Sixteen patients were randomized for treatment with ranitidine and seventeen for treatment with cimetidine to prevent the appearance of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) complications after renal transplantation. The two operated groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, number of pre-operative blood transfusions, and HLA match. All patients were treated with a similar immunosuppressive regime, consisting of azathioprine and methylprednisolone, and underwent endoscopic examination ten and thirty days following surgery. In the second endoscopy an entirely normal condition was observed in 11 and 12 cases in the oesophagus, 4 and 4 cases in the stomach and 13 and 12 cases in the duodenum in the two groups of 16 and 17 patients respectively. Except for one uncomplicated prepyloric ulcer in the cimetidine group, the remaining endoscopic findings were mild in intensity. There were, however, significantly more rejection episodes in the cimetidine group than in the ranitidine group. Ranitidine seems to be a safe drug in transplant patients, but the high incidence of rejection episodes in the cimetidine group is a cause for concern.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6323338/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] |
6323338
|
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] |
6,323,376 |
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone to ampicillin/chloramphenicol in the treatment of childhood meningitis.
|
Aronoff S C SC, Reed M D MD, O'Brien C A CA, Blumer J L JL
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 13, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
Ceftriaxone is a new cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and unique serum and CSF pharmacokinetics. The drug was compared in a randomized fashion with ampicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of 19 children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. Ceftriaxone was also administered non-randomly to six other patients including three children with Gram-negative meningitis. Among the children with H. influenzae meningitis, no deaths were noted and the outcomes of the study and the control groups were similar. Ninety per cent of the isolates of H. influenzae were inhibited by 0.0625, 1 and 1 mg/l of ceftriaxone, ampicillin and chloramphenicol respectively. One child with pneumococcal meningitis and two children with meningococcal meningitis recovered rapidly and without incident during ceftriaxone therapy. Three children with Gram-negative meningitis caused by multiply-drug resistant organisms were bacteriologically cured within five days of the onset of therapy. Persistent pleocytosis and neurological disabilities were noted in two at the conclusion of therapy. Ceftriaxone, as a single agent, was comparable in efficacy with traditional antimicrobial therapy usually employed in childhood meningitis.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6323376/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] |
6323376
|
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] |
6,323,377 |
Clinical, bacteriological and pharmacokinetic results from an open trial of sultamicillin in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
|
Davies B I BI, Maesen F P FP, van Noord J A JA
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 13, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
Thirty hospitalised patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated orally with either 750 or 1000 mg of sultamicillin (a mutual prodrug of ampicillin and sulbactam) twice daily for ten days. Twenty-eight of these patients were evaluated for clinical response at end-of-treatment (day 11) and at one week post-treatment (day 17). The overall clinical cure rates at these times were 73% (22/30) and 60% (18/30) respectively. Five beta-lactamase-producing organisms were identified in the pre-treatment sputum specimens, but all were eliminated by day 17. The means of the peak serum concentrations of ampicillin achieved after the first 750 and 1000 mg doses were 9.1 and 14.4 mg/l respectively, the corresponding values for sulbactam being 6.4 and 7.9 mg/l. Both the ampicillin and the sulbactam peaks occurred approximately one hour after dosage. Mean peak sputum concentrations of ampicillin of 0.7 and 1.2 mg/l were achieved following the 750 and 1000 mg doses. Concentrations of sulbactam in sputum were above the limit of detection (0.5 mg/l) in only four patients. Although both clinical and bacteriological responses at follow-up (day 17) appeared to be somewhat more favourable at the higher dose, the small number of patients in each group did not permit a statistically valid comparison to be made. One patient in each dosage group discontinued the medication because of severe diarrhoea.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6323377/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6323377
|
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] |
6,323,378 |
Pivmecillinam, co-trimoxazole and oral mecillinam in gastroenteritis due to Vibrio spp.
|
Uylangco C C, Santiago L L, Pescante M M, Menday P P, Christensen O O
|
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy . Vol. 13, No. 2, 1984 Feb
|
The comparative efficacy of antibacterial therapy with pivmecillinam or cotrimoxazole and general supportive care only was studied in patients with severe bacterial gastroenteritis. Overall, treatment with antibiotics proved significantly superior to rehydration alone in 42 children. Active therapy also had a statistically beneficial effect in children infected with Vibrio cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. Pivmecillinam and co-trimoxazole were equally effective. Pivmecillinam and oral mecillinam appeared to be of equal value in a further 22 adults infected by Vibrio spp. No side-effects were recorded in any of the subjects treated. Further investigations with pivmecillinam and oral mecillinam are advocated.
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6323378/
|
[
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] |
6323378
|
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