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stringlengths 141
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listlengths 1
21
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What does the acronym PROMIS stand for in health measurement?
|
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
25218082
|
An experience with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System: pros and cons and unanswered questions.
|
<question>What does the acronym PROMIS stand for in health measurement?</question>
<answer>Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System",
"PROMIS"
] |
What is the surgical procedure called that connects the esophagus to the jejunum after total gastrectomy?
|
esophagojejunostomy
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
29521295
|
Comparison of Intracorporeal and Extracorporeal Esophagojejunostomy after Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on Short-Term Outcomes.
|
<question>What is the surgical procedure called that connects the esophagus to the jejunum after total gastrectomy?</question>
<answer>esophagojejunostomy</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"esophagojejunostomy",
"oesophagojejunostomy",
"esophagojejunostomy anastomosis",
"esophagojejunostomic anastomosis",
"esophagojejunostomic reconstruction",
"esophagus to jejunum anastomosis",
"esophagus-jejunum anastomosis"
] |
What surgical procedure is used to correct swan-neck deformity in the finger?
|
Littler procedure
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
12923947
|
Boutonni?re deformity after correction of childhood swan-neck deformity: a case report.
|
<question>What surgical procedure is used to correct swan-neck deformity in the finger?</question>
<answer>Littler procedure</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Littler procedure",
"Littler's procedure",
"Littler tendon transfer",
"Littler flexor tendon transfer",
"Littler technique"
] |
Which neuropeptide was found to be reduced in both the plasma and brain regions of spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to normotensive controls?
|
Arginine-vasopressin
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
7254707
|
Reduced content of vasopressin in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive as compared to normotensive rats.
|
<question>Which neuropeptide was found to be reduced in both the plasma and brain regions of spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to normotensive controls?</question>
<answer>Arginine-vasopressin</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"Arginine-vasopressin",
"arginine vasopressin",
"AVP",
"antidiuretic hormone",
"ADH",
"vasopressin"
] |
What type of tissue was selectively disrupted by nonthermal focused ultrasound in the preclinical study?
|
fat
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
19346998
|
Characterization of nonthermal focused ultrasound for noninvasive selective fat cell disruption (lysis): technical and preclinical assessment.
|
<question>What type of tissue was selectively disrupted by nonthermal focused ultrasound in the preclinical study?</question>
<answer>fat</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"fat",
"adipose tissue",
"adipose",
"body fat",
"white adipose tissue",
"WAT"
] |
Which type of blood cell disorder is associated with significantly reduced serum cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels?
|
myelodysplastic syndrome
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
10813538
|
The clinical and biologic significance of abnormal lipid profiles in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
|
<question>Which type of blood cell disorder is associated with significantly reduced serum cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels?</question>
<answer>myelodysplastic syndrome</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"myelodysplastic syndrome",
"MDS",
"myelodysplasia"
] |
What post-translational modification does 8-nitro-cGMP induce on tau protein?
|
S-guanylation
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
27601475
|
Modification of Tau by 8-Nitroguanosine 3',5'-Cyclic Monophosphate (8-Nitro-cGMP): EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE-LINKED CHEMICAL MODIFICATION ON TAU AGGREGATION.
|
<question>What post-translational modification does 8-nitro-cGMP induce on tau protein?</question>
<answer>S-guanylation</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"S-guanylation",
"S-guanosylation",
"S-guanosyl modification",
"S-guanyl modification"
] |
What receptor does annexin A1 primarily act through to exert its anti-inflammatory effects?
|
Fpr2
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
33318141
|
Annexin A1 Attenuates Neutrophil Migration and IL-6 Expression through Fpr2 in a Mouse Model of Streptococcus suis-Induced Meningitis.
|
<question>What receptor does annexin A1 primarily act through to exert its anti-inflammatory effects?</question>
<answer>Fpr2</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Fpr2",
"Formyl peptide receptor 2",
"FPR2/ALX",
"ALX",
"FPR2",
"Formyl peptide receptor-like 1",
"FPRL1",
"Formyl peptide receptor type 2"
] |
Which antiepileptic drug showed extensive use in recent years in the Basque Country according to the study?
|
gabapentin
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
18428100
|
[A pharmacoepidemiological study of antiepileptic drug consumption (1992-2004)].
|
<question>Which antiepileptic drug showed extensive use in recent years in the Basque Country according to the study?</question>
<answer>gabapentin</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"gabapentin",
"Neurontin"
] |
Approximately how many haploid base pairs are in the human genome?
|
3000 million
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
10399176
|
The year 2000 problem: hiccough or approaching Armageddon.
|
<question>Approximately how many haploid base pairs are in the human genome?</question>
<answer>3000 million</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"3000 million",
"3 billion",
"3,000,000,000",
"three billion",
"three thousand million"
] |
Which enzyme catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the methionine cycle?
|
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
20387639
|
[The level of low molecular thiols and folate in human placenta].
|
<question>Which enzyme catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the methionine cycle?</question>
<answer>Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase",
"MTHFR",
"5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase",
"NAD(P)H:5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase"
] |
What is the most common location of melanocytoma in the eye?
|
optic disk
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
6471608
|
Unusual case of melanocytoma in optic disk.
|
<question>What is the most common location of melanocytoma in the eye?</question>
<answer>optic disk</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"optic disk",
"optic disc",
"optic nerve head"
] |
What clinical scale was found to be the most significant predictor of progression-free survival in patients with high-grade malignant gliomas?
|
Karnofsky performance status
|
8
|
Clinical grading & diagnostic scales / classification systems
|
15490813
|
Postoperative residual tumour imaged by contrast-enhanced computed tomography and 201Tl single photon emission tomography: can they predict progression-free survival in high-grade gliomas?
|
<question>What clinical scale was found to be the most significant predictor of progression-free survival in patients with high-grade malignant gliomas?</question>
<answer>Karnofsky performance status</answer>
<cat_num>8</cat_num>
<cat>Clinical grading & diagnostic scales / classification systems</cat>
|
[
"Karnofsky performance status",
"Karnofsky Performance Scale",
"Karnofsky score",
"KPS",
"Karnofsky scale"
] |
What is the main target tissue of phototherapy for reducing bilirubin in jaundiced Gunn rats?
|
skin
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
3710437
|
Effect of combined treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and phototherapy on bilirubin metabolism in the jaundiced Gunn rat.
|
<question>What is the main target tissue of phototherapy for reducing bilirubin in jaundiced Gunn rats?</question>
<answer>skin</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"skin",
"cutaneous tissue",
"epidermis",
"dermis"
] |
Which enzyme is inhibited by novel trifluoroacetophenone derivatives?
|
malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
17234415
|
Novel trifluoroacetophenone derivatives as malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors.
|
<question>Which enzyme is inhibited by novel trifluoroacetophenone derivatives?</question>
<answer>malonyl-CoA decarboxylase</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"malonyl-CoA decarboxylase",
"MCD",
"malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase",
"malonyl coA decarboxylase",
"EC 4.1.1.9"
] |
Which bacterial component is able to irreversibly inhibit plasminogen activator production in mouse peritoneal macrophages at concentrations above 100 ng/ml?
|
Lipopolysaccharide
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
6806202
|
Regulation of plasminogen activator secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages. II. Inhibition by immunomodulators of bacterial origin.
|
<question>Which bacterial component is able to irreversibly inhibit plasminogen activator production in mouse peritoneal macrophages at concentrations above 100 ng/ml?</question>
<answer>Lipopolysaccharide</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Lipopolysaccharide",
"LPS",
"endotoxin"
] |
Which protein is identified as an independent prognostic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
|
esVEGFR-2
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
23392734
|
Altered expression of endogenous soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 is involved in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
|
<question>Which protein is identified as an independent prognostic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?</question>
<answer>esVEGFR-2</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"esVEGFR-2",
"extracellular soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2",
"soluble VEGFR-2",
"soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2",
"sVEGFR-2",
"soluble KDR",
"soluble kinase insert domain receptor"
] |
Which amino acid residue is conserved in the active site of I-CreI homing endonuclease?
|
Aspartate
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
11276249
|
The homing endonuclease I-CreI uses three metals, one of which is shared between the two active sites.
|
<question>Which amino acid residue is conserved in the active site of I-CreI homing endonuclease?</question>
<answer>Aspartate</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Aspartate",
"Asp",
"D",
"aspartic acid"
] |
What blood test is commonly used to assess long-term glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
|
HbA1c
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
22048985
|
Diabetes self-efficacy strongly influences actual control of diabetes in patients attending a tertiary hospital in India.
|
<question>What blood test is commonly used to assess long-term glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus?</question>
<answer>HbA1c</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"HbA1c",
"hemoglobin A1c",
"glycated hemoglobin",
"glycosylated hemoglobin",
"A1c"
] |
What type of tumor was diagnosed in the patient described in the case report?
|
adenoid cystic carcinoma
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
21126714
|
Right thoracotomy for carinal resection with left thoracoscopic pneumonectomy as a new approach for left sleeve pneumonectomy: a case report.
|
<question>What type of tumor was diagnosed in the patient described in the case report?</question>
<answer>adenoid cystic carcinoma</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"adenoid cystic carcinoma",
"ACC",
"cylindroma",
"adenoidal cystic carcinoma"
] |
What compound found in cycad seeds has been implicated as a putative neurotoxin linked to ALS?
|
BMAA
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
2490746
|
Quantification of the putative neurotoxin 2-amino-3-(methylamino)propanoic acid (BMAA) in cycadales: analysis of the seeds of some members of the family Cycadaceae.
|
<question>What compound found in cycad seeds has been implicated as a putative neurotoxin linked to ALS?</question>
<answer>BMAA</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"BMAA",
"β-Methylamino-L-alanine",
"beta-Methylamino-L-alanine",
"β-methylaminoalanine",
"beta-methylaminoalanine",
"L-BMAA"
] |
What small-molecule thioester is used as a substrate analog for nonribosomal peptide synthetase condensation domains?
|
aminoacyl-N-acetylcysteamine thioester
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
11033080
|
Aminoacyl-SNACs as small-molecule substrates for the condensation domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases.
|
<question>What small-molecule thioester is used as a substrate analog for nonribosomal peptide synthetase condensation domains?</question>
<answer>aminoacyl-N-acetylcysteamine thioester</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"aminoacyl-N-acetylcysteamine thioester",
"aminoacyl-SNAC",
"aminoacyl-S-acetylcysteamine thioester",
"aminoacyl-S-N-acetylcysteamine thioester",
"SNAC thioester"
] |
What type of virus is Chikungunya virus?
|
alphavirus
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
25210177
|
Prime-boost immunization strategies against Chikungunya virus.
|
<question>What type of virus is Chikungunya virus?</question>
<answer>alphavirus</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"alphavirus",
"Alphavirus",
"Alphaviridae",
"Alphavirus genus"
] |
Which functional group in humic acid is primarily responsible for the complexation of adsorbed Cr(VI)?
|
carboxyl
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
28355575
|
Mechanism study of humic acid functional groups for Cr(VI) retention: Two-dimensional FTIR and 13C CP/MAS NMR correlation spectroscopic analysis.
|
<question>Which functional group in humic acid is primarily responsible for the complexation of adsorbed Cr(VI)?</question>
<answer>carboxyl</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"carboxyl",
"carboxyl group",
"carboxylic group",
"carboxylate",
"carboxylic acid group"
] |
What liver hormone regulates iron homeostasis in response to iron overload?
|
Hepcidin
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
15726660
|
Kupffer cells and macrophages are not required for hepatic hepcidin activation during iron overload.
|
<question>What liver hormone regulates iron homeostasis in response to iron overload?</question>
<answer>Hepcidin</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Hepcidin",
"HAMP",
"hepcidin antimicrobial peptide"
] |
Which two viruses were investigated for association with myocardial infarction and stroke risk in this study?
|
herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
9860778
|
Prospective study of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and the risk of future myocardial infarction and stroke.
|
<question>Which two viruses were investigated for association with myocardial infarction and stroke risk in this study?</question>
<answer>herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"herpes simplex virus",
"HSV",
"HSV-1",
"HSV-2",
"cytomegalovirus",
"CMV",
"human herpesvirus 5",
"HHV-5"
] |
Which gene's polymorphism is associated with multiple-trigger wheezing in preschool children?
|
ARG1
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
33369279
|
Relationship between arginase genes polymorphisms and preschool wheezing phenotypes.
|
<question>Which gene's polymorphism is associated with multiple-trigger wheezing in preschool children?</question>
<answer>ARG1</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"ARG1",
"Arginase 1",
"arginase I",
"arginase type I",
"ARG-1",
"ARG 1"
] |
What is the official name of the public health system in Brazil?
|
Unified Health System
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
18833389
|
Social medicalization and alternative and complementary medicine: the pluralization of health services in the Brazilian Unified Health System.
|
<question>What is the official name of the public health system in Brazil?</question>
<answer>Unified Health System</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Unified Health System",
"Sistema Único de Saúde",
"SUS",
"Brazilian Unified Health System"
] |
What is the chemical class of N(4-hydroxycarbophenyl) retinamide (RII)?
|
retinoids
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
8706170
|
[Effect of RII on the biological properties of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines].
|
<question>What is the chemical class of N(4-hydroxycarbophenyl) retinamide (RII)?</question>
<answer>retinoids</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"retinoids",
"retinoid",
"vitamin A derivatives"
] |
Which marine rotifer species is used in cyst-based toxicity tests described in this study?
|
Proales similis
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
30801956
|
Using Proales similis (Rotifera) for toxicity assessment in marine waters.
|
<question>Which marine rotifer species is used in cyst-based toxicity tests described in this study?</question>
<answer>Proales similis</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Proales similis",
"P. similis"
] |
What element was controversially claimed to substitute for phosphate in the DNA of Halomonas strain GFAJ-1?
|
arsenate
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
22679526
|
"Artifactual" arsenate DNA.
|
<question>What element was controversially claimed to substitute for phosphate in the DNA of Halomonas strain GFAJ-1?</question>
<answer>arsenate</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"arsenate",
"arsenic acid",
"AsO4^3-",
"arsenate ion"
] |
What is the standard treatment for circumscribed choroidal haemangioma?
|
Laser photocoagulation
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
9019383
|
External radiotherapy for circumscribed choroidal haemangiomas using a modified retinoblastoma technique.
|
<question>What is the standard treatment for circumscribed choroidal haemangioma?</question>
<answer>Laser photocoagulation</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"laser photocoagulation",
"laser therapy",
"photocoagulation",
"argon laser photocoagulation",
"laser treatment"
] |
Which database was used to obtain RNA-seq data for clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients in a systematic analysis of alternative splicing events?
|
The Cancer Genome Atlas
|
7
|
Bioinformatics databases & curated resources
|
31886566
|
Systematic analysis of survival-associated alternative splicing signatures in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
|
<question>Which database was used to obtain RNA-seq data for clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients in a systematic analysis of alternative splicing events?</question>
<answer>The Cancer Genome Atlas</answer>
<cat_num>7</cat_num>
<cat>Bioinformatics databases & curated resources</cat>
|
[
"The Cancer Genome Atlas",
"TCGA"
] |
Which domestic animal species had the highest seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Serbia according to the study?
|
sheep
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
16188388
|
Cross-sectional survey on Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, sheep and pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and risk factors.
|
<question>Which domestic animal species had the highest seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Serbia according to the study?</question>
<answer>sheep</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"sheep",
"Ovis aries",
"domestic sheep"
] |
What does the acronym AEFI stand for in the context of vaccine safety?
|
Adverse Effect Following Immunization
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
24299731
|
Vaccine quality and safety: scrutinizing the reported 3-fold increase in adverse effects following immunization (Aefi) in India.
|
<question>What does the acronym AEFI stand for in the context of vaccine safety?</question>
<answer>Adverse Effect Following Immunization</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"Adverse Effect Following Immunization",
"Adverse Event Following Immunization",
"AEFI"
] |
What daily amount of coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in HIV-HCV co-infected patients?
|
Three or more cups
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
28942916
|
Protective effect of coffee consumption on all-cause mortality of French HIV-HCV co-infected patients.
|
<question>What daily amount of coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in HIV-HCV co-infected patients?</question>
<answer>Three or more cups</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Three or more cups",
"3 or more cups",
"three or more cups of coffee",
"3 or more cups of coffee",
"three cups or more",
"three or more",
"3 or more"
] |
What is the prevalence of depression among the elderly living in geriatric homes in Cairo, according to the study?
|
37.5%
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
25534177
|
Prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety among the elderly population living in geriatric homes in Cairo, Egypt.
|
<question>What is the prevalence of depression among the elderly living in geriatric homes in Cairo, according to the study?</question>
<answer>37.5%</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"37.5%",
"37.5 percent"
] |
What type of molecule is used to specifically inhibit p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation in vitro?
|
oligodeoxynucleotide
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
8029025
|
Aptameric inhibition of p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation by oligodeoxynucleotides of defined sequence and backbone structure.
|
<question>What type of molecule is used to specifically inhibit p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation in vitro?</question>
<answer>oligodeoxynucleotide</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"oligodeoxynucleotide",
"ODN",
"antisense oligodeoxynucleotide",
"antisense ODN",
"DNA oligomer",
"oligodeoxyribonucleotide"
] |
During exercise, which hormone is released from leg tissues into venous blood in humans?
|
insulin
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
970481
|
Uptake and release of hormones and metabolites by tissues of exercising leg in man.
|
<question>During exercise, which hormone is released from leg tissues into venous blood in humans?</question>
<answer>insulin</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"insulin"
] |
Which group of neurons contains multiple neurochemicals involved in the regulation of respiration?
|
raphe neurons
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
18085284
|
Significance of multiple neurochemicals that regulate respiration.
|
<question>Which group of neurons contains multiple neurochemicals involved in the regulation of respiration?</question>
<answer>raphe neurons</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"raphe neurons",
"raphe nuclei neurons",
"serotonergic raphe neurons",
"neurons of the raphe nuclei",
"raphe cells",
"raphe nucleus neurons"
] |
Which focal adhesion scaffold protein is required for spatial control of directional cell migration?
|
paxillin
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
22194823
|
Paxillin mediates sensing of physical cues and regulates directional cell motility by controlling lamellipodia positioning.
|
<question>Which focal adhesion scaffold protein is required for spatial control of directional cell migration?</question>
<answer>paxillin</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"paxillin",
"PXN"
] |
Which natural oil showed a stronger antioxidant effect than vitamin E in a study on Wistar rats?
|
Samara oil
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
12545753
|
[Study on the antioxidant effect of Samara oil].
|
<question>Which natural oil showed a stronger antioxidant effect than vitamin E in a study on Wistar rats?</question>
<answer>Samara oil</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Samara oil",
"Samara seed oil",
"Samara fruit oil"
] |
What is the source organism of the immunomodulatory protein FIP-fve?
|
Flammulina velutipes
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
24070903
|
Functional expression of FIP-fve, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes in Pichia pastoris GS115.
|
<question>What is the source organism of the immunomodulatory protein FIP-fve?</question>
<answer>Flammulina velutipes</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Flammulina velutipes",
"enoki mushroom",
"enokitake",
"velvet shank",
"winter mushroom"
] |
What checklist was used to measure long-term psychological symptoms in women in this study?
|
Hopkins Symptom Checklist
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
10604066
|
Prevalence and effects of child sexual abuse in a poor, rural community in El Salvador: a retrospective study of women after 12 years of civil war.
|
<question>What checklist was used to measure long-term psychological symptoms in women in this study?</question>
<answer>Hopkins Symptom Checklist</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"Hopkins Symptom Checklist",
"HSCL",
"Hopkins Symptom Check List",
"Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25",
"HSCL-25"
] |
What is the main immunoglobulin found in saliva that has a protective role against dental caries?
|
secretory immunoglobulin A
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
21992904
|
Salivary SIgA and dental caries activity.
|
<question>What is the main immunoglobulin found in saliva that has a protective role against dental caries?</question>
<answer>secretory immunoglobulin A</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"secretory immunoglobulin A",
"secretory IgA",
"sIgA",
"immunoglobulin A",
"IgA"
] |
What type of organism is Gracilaria verrucosa?
|
red alga
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
14640530
|
Chlorinated C12 fatty acid metabolites from the red alga Gracilaria verrucosa.
|
<question>What type of organism is Gracilaria verrucosa?</question>
<answer>red alga</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"red alga",
"red algae",
"Rhodophyta",
"rhodophyte"
] |
What type of tumor was removed from the skull using a surgical laser in this study?
|
osteoma
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
897985
|
Use of surgical laser in the removal of an osteoma of the skull.
|
<question>What type of tumor was removed from the skull using a surgical laser in this study?</question>
<answer>osteoma</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"osteoma",
"osteomas",
"osteogenic tumor",
"osteogenic neoplasm",
"benign osteogenic tumor"
] |
What neurological syndrome characterized by emotional incontinence and cranial nerve palsies can occur after surgery for large midline vermian or fourth ventricular tumors in children?
|
pseudobulbar palsy
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
6504288
|
Pseudobulbar palsy after posterior fossa operation in children.
|
<question>What neurological syndrome characterized by emotional incontinence and cranial nerve palsies can occur after surgery for large midline vermian or fourth ventricular tumors in children?</question>
<answer>pseudobulbar palsy</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"pseudobulbar palsy",
"pseudobulbar syndrome",
"emotional lability syndrome",
"emotional incontinence syndrome"
] |
What type of material is commonly used as a permeable cover to reduce odour emissions from anaerobic piggery waste ponds?
|
straw
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
11762479
|
Laboratory investigation of supported permeable organic covers for the management of odour emissions from anaerobic piggery waste ponds.
|
<question>What type of material is commonly used as a permeable cover to reduce odour emissions from anaerobic piggery waste ponds?</question>
<answer>straw</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"straw",
"straw cover",
"straw mat",
"straw layer"
] |
What type of nerve fibers were electrically stimulated as the conditioned stimulus in this rabbit learning study?
|
mossy fibers
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
3374735
|
Classical conditioning of rabbits 2-1/2 to 4 years old using mossy fiber stimulation as a CS.
|
<question>What type of nerve fibers were electrically stimulated as the conditioned stimulus in this rabbit learning study?</question>
<answer>mossy fibers</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"mossy fibers",
"mossy fibre",
"mossy fibres",
"mossy fiber"
] |
What province in Thailand was the survey on methamphetamine use among youth conducted in?
|
Chiang Rai
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
12133118
|
Prevalence of and risk factors for methamphetamine use in northern Thai youth: results of an audio-computer-assisted self-interviewing survey with urine testing.
|
<question>What province in Thailand was the survey on methamphetamine use among youth conducted in?</question>
<answer>Chiang Rai</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"Chiang Rai",
"Chiangrai"
] |
What is the DNA methylation status in the genome of Holacanthella duospinosa?
|
absent
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
29041914
|
Analysis of the genome of the New Zealand giant collembolan (Holacanthella duospinosa) sheds light on hexapod evolution.
|
<question>What is the DNA methylation status in the genome of Holacanthella duospinosa?</question>
<answer>absent</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"absent",
"lacking",
"not present",
"missing",
"none",
"no DNA methylation",
"DNA methylation absent"
] |
In activated human neutrophils from patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome, which lipid pool shows increased accumulation of arachidonic acid?
|
triglycerides
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
9130519
|
Arachidonic acid remodeling in human inflammatory cells migrating to the lung in vivo.
|
<question>In activated human neutrophils from patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome, which lipid pool shows increased accumulation of arachidonic acid?</question>
<answer>triglycerides</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"triglycerides",
"triacylglycerols",
"TAG",
"triacylglyceride",
"triglyceride"
] |
Which IgG subclass is found at higher levels in females compared to age-matched males in response to HCMV infection?
|
IgG3
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
23422355
|
Association of HCMV specific IgG subclass antibody levels with gender and age.
|
<question>Which IgG subclass is found at higher levels in females compared to age-matched males in response to HCMV infection?</question>
<answer>IgG3</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"IgG3",
"Immunoglobulin G3",
"IgG 3",
"IgG subclass 3"
] |
Which protein showed a 5.6-fold increase in the cytosolic fraction of mouse lung tissue 7 days after whole body irradiation?
|
LC3A-II
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
21145309
|
Lung autophagic response following exposure of mice to whole body irradiation, with and without amifostine.
|
<question>Which protein showed a 5.6-fold increase in the cytosolic fraction of mouse lung tissue 7 days after whole body irradiation?</question>
<answer>LC3A-II</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"LC3A-II",
"Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A-II",
"MAP1LC3A-II",
"LC3-II",
"LC3A II",
"LC3-II (A isoform)",
"LC3A"
] |
Which enzyme is inhibited by camptothecin?
|
DNA topoisomerase I
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
7731973
|
Molecular and cytotoxic effects of camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, on trypanosomes and Leishmania.
|
<question>Which enzyme is inhibited by camptothecin?</question>
<answer>DNA topoisomerase I</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"DNA topoisomerase I",
"Topoisomerase I",
"Top1",
"TOP1",
"DNA topo I",
"DNA topoisomerase type I",
"Type I DNA topoisomerase"
] |
Which health-related quality of life questionnaire was used to assess patients in the study of rehabilitation for chronic inflammatory arthritis?
|
Nottingham Health Profile
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
20175678
|
Team-based rehabilitation improves long-term aerobic capacity and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis.
|
<question>Which health-related quality of life questionnaire was used to assess patients in the study of rehabilitation for chronic inflammatory arthritis?</question>
<answer>Nottingham Health Profile</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"Nottingham Health Profile",
"NHP"
] |
What is the primary occupational group studied for its effect on infant birthweight among Hispanic women in rural California?
|
agricultural workers
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
2317089
|
Birthweight of infants born to Hispanic women employed in agriculture.
|
<question>What is the primary occupational group studied for its effect on infant birthweight among Hispanic women in rural California?</question>
<answer>agricultural workers</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"agricultural workers",
"farm workers",
"farm laborers",
"agriculture workers",
"field workers",
"migrant farm workers"
] |
What blood cell count is identified as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease mortality?
|
White blood cell count
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
11223329
|
White blood cell count: an independent predictor of coronary heart disease mortality among a national cohort.
|
<question>What blood cell count is identified as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease mortality?</question>
<answer>White blood cell count</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"White blood cell count",
"WBC count",
"white cell count",
"leukocyte count",
"white blood cells",
"WBC"
] |
Which theoretical model was used to guide the implementation of electronic consult management software in this study?
|
Effective Technology Use (ETU) model
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
30741206
|
Applying the Effective Technology Use Model to Implementation of Electronic Consult Management Software.
|
<question>Which theoretical model was used to guide the implementation of electronic consult management software in this study?</question>
<answer>Effective Technology Use (ETU) model</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"Effective Technology Use (ETU) model",
"ETU model",
"Effective Technology Use model"
] |
What is the most frequently used outcome domain in randomized controlled trials of treatments for snakebite envenoming?
|
venom antigenaemia
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
34339410
|
Clinical outcomes and outcome measurement tools reported in randomised controlled trials of treatment for snakebite envenoming: A systematic review.
|
<question>What is the most frequently used outcome domain in randomized controlled trials of treatments for snakebite envenoming?</question>
<answer>venom antigenaemia</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"venom antigenaemia",
"venom antigenemia",
"antivenom antigenaemia",
"antivenom antigenemia",
"venom antigen levels",
"antivenom efficacy (venom antigenaemia)",
"serum venom antigen",
"serum venom antigenaemia"
] |
What anaesthetic drug was shown to reduce the amplitude of transcranial motor evoked potentials (tcMEP) in a dose-dependent manner?
|
propofol
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
14504148
|
Influence of propofol concentrations on multipulse transcranial motor evoked potentials.
|
<question>What anaesthetic drug was shown to reduce the amplitude of transcranial motor evoked potentials (tcMEP) in a dose-dependent manner?</question>
<answer>propofol</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"propofol",
"Diprivan"
] |
Which neighborhood-level factor was most strongly associated with alcohol involvement among young adults in the United States?
|
proportion of educated residents
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
26996826
|
Neighborhood Contextual Factors, Alcohol Use, and Alcohol Problems in the United States: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Study of Young Adults.
|
<question>Which neighborhood-level factor was most strongly associated with alcohol involvement among young adults in the United States?</question>
<answer>proportion of educated residents</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"proportion of educated residents",
"percentage of educated residents",
"educated resident proportion",
"educated resident percentage",
"proportion of residents with higher education",
"proportion of residents with college education",
"proportion of college-educated residents",
"proportion of residents with a college degree",
"proportion of residents with postsecondary education"
] |
What computational technique is used in this study to efficiently simulate large numbers of immune cell clones?
|
lazy evaluation
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
9659009
|
Using lazy evaluation to simulate realistic-size repertoires in models of the immune system.
|
<question>What computational technique is used in this study to efficiently simulate large numbers of immune cell clones?</question>
<answer>lazy evaluation</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"lazy evaluation",
"lazy computation",
"delayed evaluation",
"non-strict evaluation"
] |
What is the primary class of bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms?
|
Terpenoids
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
22726691
|
Draft genome of Omphalotus olearius provides a predictive framework for sesquiterpenoid natural product biosynthesis in Basidiomycota.
|
<question>What is the primary class of bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms?</question>
<answer>Terpenoids</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"terpenoids",
"terpenes"
] |
What is the molecular target of evacetrapib used in clinical trials for dyslipidemia?
|
CETP (cholesterylester transfer protein)
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
28125886
|
Unending saga of fighting cholesterol: Evacetrapib is another fallen warrior.
|
<question>What is the molecular target of evacetrapib used in clinical trials for dyslipidemia?</question>
<answer>CETP (cholesterylester transfer protein)</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"CETP",
"cholesterylester transfer protein",
"cholesteryl ester transfer protein",
"Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein",
"CETP protein"
] |
Which isoform of vegetative actin is targeted by the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopW1 in Arabidopsis?
|
ACT7
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
25551177
|
Plant pathogenic bacteria target the actin microfilament network involved in the trafficking of disease defense components.
|
<question>Which isoform of vegetative actin is targeted by the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopW1 in Arabidopsis?</question>
<answer>ACT7</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"ACT7",
"Actin 7",
"AtACT7",
"AT5G09810",
"Arabidopsis thaliana Actin 7"
] |
What organism has traditionally been used to collect mutation data for estimating genetic risks of ionizing radiation in humans?
|
mouse
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
26041262
|
Genome-based, mechanism-driven computational modeling of risks of ionizing radiation: The next frontier in genetic risk estimation?
|
<question>What organism has traditionally been used to collect mutation data for estimating genetic risks of ionizing radiation in humans?</question>
<answer>mouse</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"mouse",
"Mus musculus",
"house mouse",
"laboratory mouse"
] |
Which two phospholipases are activated by Nasonia vitripennis venom in insect cells?
|
Phospholipase C and Phospholipase A2
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
11602274
|
Venom from the ectoparasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis increases Na+ influx and activates phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 dependent signal transduction pathways in cultured insect cells.
|
<question>Which two phospholipases are activated by Nasonia vitripennis venom in insect cells?</question>
<answer>Phospholipase C and Phospholipase A2</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Phospholipase C",
"PLC",
"phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase",
"1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol phosphodiesterase",
"Phospholipase A2",
"PLA2",
"phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase",
"phospholipase A2 group"
] |
What hormone is commonly used in replacement therapy for hypogonadism in aging males?
|
testosterone
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
19179819
|
The management of hypogonadism in aging male patients.
|
<question>What hormone is commonly used in replacement therapy for hypogonadism in aging males?</question>
<answer>testosterone</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"testosterone",
"testosterone hormone",
"androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one",
"17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one",
"T"
] |
What class of noncoding RNAs is upregulated in human peripheral blood cells after exposure to ionizing radiation?
|
microRNAs
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
21420249
|
Radiation-induced micro-RNA expression changes in peripheral blood cells of radiotherapy patients.
|
<question>What class of noncoding RNAs is upregulated in human peripheral blood cells after exposure to ionizing radiation?</question>
<answer>microRNAs</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"microRNAs",
"miRNAs",
"micro RNAs",
"miRNA"
] |
What type of lens opacity is most strongly associated with cigarette smoking?
|
nuclear lens opacity
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
9298050
|
Cigarette smoking and the risk of development of lens opacities. The Framingham studies.
|
<question>What type of lens opacity is most strongly associated with cigarette smoking?</question>
<answer>nuclear lens opacity</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"nuclear lens opacity",
"nuclear cataract",
"nuclear sclerosis",
"nuclear opacity"
] |
What type of cell was transplanted into adult rat retinal lesion sites in this study?
|
newborn rat retinal cells
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
3955383
|
Newborn rat retinal cells transplanted into a retinal lesion site in adult host eyes.
|
<question>What type of cell was transplanted into adult rat retinal lesion sites in this study?</question>
<answer>newborn rat retinal cells</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"newborn rat retinal cells",
"neonatal rat retinal cells",
"newborn retinal cells",
"neonatal retinal cells",
"newborn rat retina cells",
"neonatal rat retina cells"
] |
Which immunoglobulin increased in the vagina after both types of vaginal immunization with attenuated HSV-2 in mice?
|
IgG
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
10594699
|
Immune responses and protection against vaginal infection after nasal or vaginal immunization with attenuated herpes simplex virus type-2.
|
<question>Which immunoglobulin increased in the vagina after both types of vaginal immunization with attenuated HSV-2 in mice?</question>
<answer>IgG</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"IgG",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"gamma globulin",
"Ig gamma",
"IgG antibody"
] |
What congenital heart defect was repaired in the pediatric patients studied?
|
atrial septal defect
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
15518322
|
[Pediatric open heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass without the use of blood products].
|
<question>What congenital heart defect was repaired in the pediatric patients studied?</question>
<answer>atrial septal defect</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"atrial septal defect",
"ASD",
"ostium secundum defect",
"secundum atrial septal defect",
"congenital atrial septal defect"
] |
Which molecule serves as the methyl donor for phospholipid methylation in the brain?
|
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
3720835
|
S-adenosyl-L-methionine modulates phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase response to isoproterenol in brain.
|
<question>Which molecule serves as the methyl donor for phospholipid methylation in the brain?</question>
<answer>S-adenosyl-L-methionine</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"S-adenosyl-L-methionine",
"SAM",
"AdoMet",
"S-adenosylmethionine",
"S adenosyl methionine"
] |
Which protein is retained by both early and late Salmonella-containing phagosomes in macrophages?
|
Rab5
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
20176016
|
NSF independent fusion of Salmonella-containing late phagosomes with early endosomes.
|
<question>Which protein is retained by both early and late Salmonella-containing phagosomes in macrophages?</question>
<answer>Rab5</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Rab5",
"Ras-related protein Rab-5",
"Rab-5",
"Rab5a",
"Rab5A"
] |
Which proteins are antagonized by Smac mimetics?
|
cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
32440848
|
Smac mimetics can provoke lytic cell death that is neither apoptotic nor necroptotic.
|
<question>Which proteins are antagonized by Smac mimetics?</question>
<answer>cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"cIAP1",
"cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1",
"BIRC2",
"cIAP-1",
"c-IAP1",
"cIAP2",
"cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2",
"BIRC3",
"cIAP-2",
"c-IAP2",
"XIAP",
"X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein",
"BIRC4",
"IAP3"
] |
Which two cysteine residues form the disulfide bond required for the thermostability of OPHC2 methyl parathion hydrolase?
|
Cys110 and Cys146
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
20607231
|
An intramolecular disulfide bond is required for the thermostability of methyl parathion hydrolase, OPHC2.
|
<question>Which two cysteine residues form the disulfide bond required for the thermostability of OPHC2 methyl parathion hydrolase?</question>
<answer>Cys110 and Cys146</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Cys110 and Cys146",
"C110 and C146",
"Cys 110 and Cys 146",
"Cys110 & Cys146",
"C110 & C146",
"Cys110-Cys146",
"Cys110/Cys146"
] |
What congenital inner ear malformation was identified in the patient with recurrent meningitis in this case report?
|
Mondini dysplasia
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
3771105
|
Recurrent meningitis due to spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. A case report.
|
<question>What congenital inner ear malformation was identified in the patient with recurrent meningitis in this case report?</question>
<answer>Mondini dysplasia</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"Mondini dysplasia",
"Mondini malformation",
"Mondini deformity",
"Mondini anomaly",
"Mondini's dysplasia"
] |
What gene is mutated in hereditary pancreatitis?
|
cationic trypsinogen
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
9581160
|
[Diagnosis of a "hereditary pancreatitis" by the detection of a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene].
|
<question>What gene is mutated in hereditary pancreatitis?</question>
<answer>cationic trypsinogen</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"cationic trypsinogen",
"PRSS1",
"protease serine 1",
"serine protease 1",
"trypsinogen 1",
"trypsinogen, cationic",
"trypsinogen PRSS1"
] |
What is the plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid studied for its interaction with phospholipase A2?
|
Betulinic acid
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
15537079
|
Immobilized betulinic acid column and its interactions with phospholipase A2 and snake venom proteins.
|
<question>What is the plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid studied for its interaction with phospholipase A2?</question>
<answer>Betulinic acid</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Betulinic acid",
"betulinic acid",
"betulinate",
"3β-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid"
] |
What species of Mycobacterium caused an outbreak of avian mycobacteriosis in little blue penguins?
|
Mycobacterium intracellulare
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
20063814
|
An outbreak of avian mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare in little blue penguins (Eudyptula minor).
|
<question>What species of Mycobacterium caused an outbreak of avian mycobacteriosis in little blue penguins?</question>
<answer>Mycobacterium intracellulare</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"Mycobacterium intracellulare",
"M. intracellulare"
] |
Which technique was used to isolate positive transfectants expressing bovine CD antigens in this study?
|
FACS
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
8310658
|
Reactivity of workshop antibodies on L cell and COS cell transfectants expressing bovine CD antigens.
|
<question>Which technique was used to isolate positive transfectants expressing bovine CD antigens in this study?</question>
<answer>FACS</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"FACS",
"fluorescence-activated cell sorting",
"fluorescence activated cell sorting"
] |
Which type of interaction between nucleotides is primarily discussed in the context of determining properties of nucleic acid oligomers?
|
nearest-neighbor
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
10904550
|
Derivation of nearest-neighbor properties from data on nucleic acid oligomers. I. Simple sets of independent sequences and the influence of absent nearest neighbors.
|
<question>Which type of interaction between nucleotides is primarily discussed in the context of determining properties of nucleic acid oligomers?</question>
<answer>nearest-neighbor</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"nearest-neighbor",
"nearest neighbor",
"nearest-neighbour",
"nearest neighbour"
] |
What condition is detected by measuring microalbuminuria in urine?
|
diabetic nephropathy
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
9353600
|
Multicenter evaluation of the Micral-Test II test strip, an immunologic rapid test for the detection of microalbuminuria.
|
<question>What condition is detected by measuring microalbuminuria in urine?</question>
<answer>diabetic nephropathy</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"diabetic nephropathy",
"diabetic kidney disease",
"DN"
] |
What national survey is the primary source for data on dietary supplement usage patterns in US adults?
|
NHANES
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
31851315
|
Comparison of 4 Methods to Assess the Prevalence of Use and Estimates of Nutrient Intakes from Dietary Supplements among US Adults.
|
<question>What national survey is the primary source for data on dietary supplement usage patterns in US adults?</question>
<answer>NHANES</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"NHANES",
"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"
] |
What corticosteroid was evaluated for long-term use in post-stroke complex regional pain syndrome type I?
|
prednisolone
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
27906935
|
Long-term Prednisolone in Post-stroke Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
|
<question>What corticosteroid was evaluated for long-term use in post-stroke complex regional pain syndrome type I?</question>
<answer>prednisolone</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"prednisolone",
"delta-1-cortisol",
"delta-1-hydrocortisone",
"delta-1-dehydrocortisol",
"delta-1-dehydrohydrocortisone",
"DHC",
"Prednisone alcohol",
"11β,17α,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione"
] |
What type of receptor does FTY720 modulate?
|
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
19252372
|
[An additional role of FTY720 in chronic colitis].
|
<question>What type of receptor does FTY720 modulate?</question>
<answer>sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor",
"S1P receptor",
"S1PR",
"sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor",
"sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR)",
"S1P-R",
"S1P receptors"
] |
What is the gold standard diagnostic method for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea?
|
polysomnography
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
31288931
|
Pediatric pulse oximetry-based OSA screening at different thresholds of the apnea-hypopnea index with an expression of uncertainty for inconclusive classifications.
|
<question>What is the gold standard diagnostic method for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea?</question>
<answer>polysomnography</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"polysomnography",
"sleep study",
"PSG"
] |
What enzyme converts diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid in skeletal muscle?
|
diacylglycerol kinase
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
24962347
|
A simple and rapid method to characterize lipid fate in skeletal muscle.
|
<question>What enzyme converts diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid in skeletal muscle?</question>
<answer>diacylglycerol kinase</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"diacylglycerol kinase",
"DGK",
"diacylglycerol kinase enzyme",
"EC 2.7.1.107"
] |
Which enzymes are implicated in cartilage degradation in guinea pig osteoarthritis?
|
MMP-1 and MMP-13
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
9588741
|
Collagenase 1 and collagenase 3 expression in a guinea pig model of osteoarthritis.
|
<question>Which enzymes are implicated in cartilage degradation in guinea pig osteoarthritis?</question>
<answer>MMP-1 and MMP-13</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"MMP-1",
"Matrix metalloproteinase 1",
"collagenase-1",
"MMP1",
"MMP-13",
"Matrix metalloproteinase 13",
"collagenase-3",
"MMP13"
] |
What is the primary glucose transporter whose expression is reduced in the brain by excess 27-hydroxycholesterol?
|
GLUT4
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
28213512
|
27-Hydroxycholesterol impairs neuronal glucose uptake through an IRAP/GLUT4 system dysregulation.
|
<question>What is the primary glucose transporter whose expression is reduced in the brain by excess 27-hydroxycholesterol?</question>
<answer>GLUT4</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"GLUT4",
"glucose transporter type 4",
"SLC2A4",
"solute carrier family 2 member 4",
"insulin-regulated glucose transporter",
"GLUT-4"
] |
What wavelength of diode laser was used in the described acne treatment study?
|
1,450 nm
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
19226573
|
Double-pass, low-fluence laser treatment using a large spot-size 1,450 nm laser improves acne.
|
<question>What wavelength of diode laser was used in the described acne treatment study?</question>
<answer>1,450 nm</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"1,450 nm",
"1450 nm",
"1.45 µm",
"1.45 micrometers",
"1450 nanometers",
"1,450 nanometers",
"1.45 microns"
] |
Which virus is associated with encephalitis in immunocompromised patients with hemorrhagic cystitis?
|
BK virus
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
16687535
|
MR Imaging of BK virus encephalitis.
|
<question>Which virus is associated with encephalitis in immunocompromised patients with hemorrhagic cystitis?</question>
<answer>BK virus</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"BK virus",
"BK polyomavirus",
"Human polyomavirus 1",
"Polyomavirus hominis 1",
"BKV"
] |
What part of the aorta is most commonly ruptured in traumatic injury?
|
isthmus
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
4004393
|
Traumatic rupture of the aorta: emergency operation.
|
<question>What part of the aorta is most commonly ruptured in traumatic injury?</question>
<answer>isthmus</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"isthmus",
"aortic isthmus",
"isthmus of the aorta"
] |
Which ribonuclear protein was found to accumulate in apoptotic bodies during apoptosis?
|
La/SSB
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
17932498
|
Autoantigens are translocated into small apoptotic bodies during early stages of apoptosis.
|
<question>Which ribonuclear protein was found to accumulate in apoptotic bodies during apoptosis?</question>
<answer>La/SSB</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"La/SSB",
"La antigen",
"SSB",
"Sjogren syndrome antigen B",
"Lupus La protein",
"La autoantigen",
"La ribonucleoprotein"
] |
What virus is commonly associated with condyloma of the cervix?
|
Human papillomavirus
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
6822369
|
Human papilloma virus infection (condyloma) of the cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a histopathologic and statistical analysis.
|
<question>What virus is commonly associated with condyloma of the cervix?</question>
<answer>Human papillomavirus</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"Human papillomavirus",
"HPV",
"human papilloma virus",
"human papillomavirus infection"
] |
Which phylogenetic group of Escherichia coli is most commonly associated with CTX-M type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production?
|
D
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
15705323
|
Genetic background of Escherichia coli and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase type.
|
<question>Which phylogenetic group of Escherichia coli is most commonly associated with CTX-M type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production?</question>
<answer>D</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"D",
"phylogroup D",
"E. coli phylogroup D",
"Escherichia coli phylogenetic group D"
] |
What antifungal drug was used for intranasal infusion in the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs?
|
enilconazole
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
12715982
|
Use of computed tomography to predict the outcome of a noninvasive intranasal infusion in dogs with nasal aspergillosis.
|
<question>What antifungal drug was used for intranasal infusion in the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs?</question>
<answer>enilconazole</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"enilconazole",
"imazalil",
"E-233",
"Fungaflor"
] |
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