question
stringlengths 30
241
| answer
stringlengths 1
111
| cat_num
stringclasses 10
values | cat
stringclasses 74
values | pmid
stringlengths 4
8
| paper_title
stringlengths 9
329
| raw_response
stringlengths 141
417
| golden_answers
listlengths 1
21
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What does SHAPE chemical probing primarily detect in RNA molecules?
|
flexible (loop) regions
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
23091593
|
Integrating chemical footprinting data into RNA secondary structure prediction.
|
<question>What does SHAPE chemical probing primarily detect in RNA molecules?</question>
<answer>flexible (loop) regions</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"flexible regions",
"loop regions",
"single-stranded regions",
"unpaired regions",
"non-base-paired regions",
"flexible (loop) regions"
] |
What gene encodes the ribosomal protein S12 in Escherichia coli?
|
rpsL
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
19776006
|
Ribosomal protein S12 and aminoglycoside antibiotics modulate A-site mRNA cleavage and transfer-messenger RNA activity in Escherichia coli.
|
<question>What gene encodes the ribosomal protein S12 in Escherichia coli?</question>
<answer>rpsL</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"rpsL",
"ribosomal protein S12 gene",
"rpsL gene",
"b3340",
"JW3307",
"JW3307 (E. coli gene locus)",
"ECK3326"
] |
What type of collagen is primarily synthesized by skin fibroblasts?
|
Type I collagen
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
8747514
|
Type 1 collagen synthesis by skin fibroblasts from 17 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type III.
|
<question>What type of collagen is primarily synthesized by skin fibroblasts?</question>
<answer>Type I collagen</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Type I collagen",
"type I collagen",
"Collagen type I",
"collagen I",
"type 1 collagen",
"Type 1 collagen",
"Collagen I",
"Type I",
"Type 1"
] |
What type of brain oscillations are used to localize epileptic seizure onset zones?
|
High-frequency oscillations
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
27764594
|
Fast, Accurate Localization of Epileptic Seizure Onset Zones Based on Detection of High-Frequency Oscillations Using Improved Wavelet Transform and Matching Pursuit Methods.
|
<question>What type of brain oscillations are used to localize epileptic seizure onset zones?</question>
<answer>High-frequency oscillations</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"High-frequency oscillations",
"HFOs",
"high frequency oscillations",
"high-frequency oscillation",
"HFO"
] |
Which hip muscle action shows a significant strength deficit three months after hip resurfacing surgery using the posterior approach?
|
external rotation
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
19093277
|
External rotation strength deficit after hip resurfacing surgery.
|
<question>Which hip muscle action shows a significant strength deficit three months after hip resurfacing surgery using the posterior approach?</question>
<answer>external rotation</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"external rotation",
"external rotator strength",
"hip external rotation",
"lateral rotation",
"hip lateral rotation"
] |
What organizational structure promotes communication flow between administrative and clinical management teams in nursing departments?
|
lateral relationship
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions (adapted here for organizational structure/interactions)
|
10491663
|
The administrative support team: specialized support.
|
<question>What organizational structure promotes communication flow between administrative and clinical management teams in nursing departments?</question>
<answer>lateral relationship</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions (adapted here for organizational structure/interactions)</cat>
|
[
"lateral relationship",
"lateral relationships",
"lateral organizational relationship",
"lateral organizational relationships",
"lateral coordination",
"horizontal relationship",
"horizontal relationships",
"horizontal coordination"
] |
What is the primary health risk for nursing home residents with dysphagia who receive inadequate mouth care?
|
preventable infectious illnesses
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
28841221
|
Feasibility of Providing Safe Mouth Care and Collecting Oral and Fecal Microbiome Samples from Nursing Home Residents with Dysphagia: Proof of Concept Study.
|
<question>What is the primary health risk for nursing home residents with dysphagia who receive inadequate mouth care?</question>
<answer>preventable infectious illnesses</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"preventable infectious illnesses",
"preventable infections",
"preventable infectious diseases",
"infections",
"infectious diseases",
"infection",
"infectious illness"
] |
Which part of the hand is most frequently affected by steam burns from electric rice cookers in pediatric patients?
|
volar aspects of the index and middle fingers
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
10883615
|
Rice cooker steam hand burn in the pediatric patient.
|
<question>Which part of the hand is most frequently affected by steam burns from electric rice cookers in pediatric patients?</question>
<answer>volar aspects of the index and middle fingers</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"volar aspects of the index and middle fingers",
"palmar surface of the index and middle fingers",
"palmar aspects of the index and middle fingers",
"volar surface of the index and middle fingers",
"volar side of the index and middle fingers",
"palmar side of the index and middle fingers"
] |
What diagnostic procedure is used to evaluate salivary ductal disorders in children with juvenile recurrent parotitis?
|
sialendoscopy
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
18645120
|
Juvenile recurrent parotitis: sialendoscopic approach.
|
<question>What diagnostic procedure is used to evaluate salivary ductal disorders in children with juvenile recurrent parotitis?</question>
<answer>sialendoscopy</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"sialendoscopy",
"salivary gland endoscopy",
"endoscopic sialodochoplasty",
"parotid duct endoscopy",
"sialoendoscopy"
] |
Which enzyme provides an alternative route for electrons in the electron transport chain during lovastatin solid-state fermentation?
|
alternative oxidase
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
28791446
|
Key role of alternative oxidase in lovastatin solid-state fermentation.
|
<question>Which enzyme provides an alternative route for electrons in the electron transport chain during lovastatin solid-state fermentation?</question>
<answer>alternative oxidase</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"alternative oxidase",
"AOX",
"ubiquinol oxidase",
"alternative respiratory oxidase"
] |
Which corepressor is recruited by tamoxifen-bound estrogen receptor alpha to inhibit breast cancer cell growth?
|
SMRT
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
20406620
|
Inhibition of MAP kinase promotes the recruitment of corepressor SMRT by tamoxifen-bound estrogen receptor alpha and potentiates tamoxifen action in MCF-7 cells.
|
<question>Which corepressor is recruited by tamoxifen-bound estrogen receptor alpha to inhibit breast cancer cell growth?</question>
<answer>SMRT</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"SMRT",
"Silencing Mediator for Retinoid and Thyroid hormone receptors",
"NCoR2",
"Nuclear receptor corepressor 2"
] |
What is the most commonly used drug among adolescents in the studied Bangkok slum?
|
amphetamines
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
16295561
|
Factors affecting the experiences of drug use by adolescents in a Bangkok slum.
|
<question>What is the most commonly used drug among adolescents in the studied Bangkok slum?</question>
<answer>amphetamines</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"amphetamines",
"amphetamine",
"amfetamine",
"speed",
"uppers",
"stimulants",
"methamphetamine",
"meth",
"ya ba",
"ya ice"
] |
What can be concluded if two processes in chromatography exhibit different compensation temperatures?
|
They are mechanistically distinct
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
11873981
|
Mechanistic implications of the equality of compensation temperatures in chromatography.
|
<question>What can be concluded if two processes in chromatography exhibit different compensation temperatures?</question>
<answer>They are mechanistically distinct</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"mechanistically distinct",
"mechanistically different",
"distinct mechanisms",
"different mechanisms"
] |
Which accrediting organization emphasizes the importance of educating medical students on clinical and translational research principles?
|
Liaison Committee on Medical Education
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
22190847
|
Process of discovery: a fourth-year translational science course.
|
<question>Which accrediting organization emphasizes the importance of educating medical students on clinical and translational research principles?</question>
<answer>Liaison Committee on Medical Education</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"Liaison Committee on Medical Education",
"LCME"
] |
Which imaging technique is important for diagnosing the cause of coronary occlusion after stenting?
|
intravascular ultrasound
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
23239619
|
Acute closure after stenting: not always a thrombus.
|
<question>Which imaging technique is important for diagnosing the cause of coronary occlusion after stenting?</question>
<answer>intravascular ultrasound</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"intravascular ultrasound",
"IVUS"
] |
What type of therapy was received by 62% of the adult inflammatory bowel disease patients surveyed in this study?
|
immunosuppressive therapy
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
29371056
|
Pneumococcal and influenza vaccine uptake in adults with inflammatory bowel disease in France: Results from a web-based study.
|
<question>What type of therapy was received by 62% of the adult inflammatory bowel disease patients surveyed in this study?</question>
<answer>immunosuppressive therapy</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"immunosuppressive therapy",
"immunosuppression",
"immunosuppressive treatment",
"immunosuppressant therapy",
"immunosuppressant treatment"
] |
Which signaling pathway is inhibited by pentadecanoic acid in MCF-7/SC breast cancer stem-like cells?
|
JAK2/STAT3
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
32503225
|
Pentadecanoic Acid, an Odd-Chain Fatty Acid, Suppresses the Stemness of MCF-7/SC Human Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells through JAK2/STAT3 Signaling.
|
<question>Which signaling pathway is inhibited by pentadecanoic acid in MCF-7/SC breast cancer stem-like cells?</question>
<answer>JAK2/STAT3</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"JAK2/STAT3",
"JAK2-STAT3",
"JAK-STAT3",
"JAK2 STAT3",
"JAK-STAT pathway",
"JAK2-STAT3 pathway",
"Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3",
"JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway",
"JAK-STAT signaling pathway"
] |
What is the overall mortality rate for patients with acute subdural haematoma treated by decompressive hemicraniectomy?
|
66.7%
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
7435297
|
The outcome from acute subdural haematoma following decompressive hemicraniectomy.
|
<question>What is the overall mortality rate for patients with acute subdural haematoma treated by decompressive hemicraniectomy?</question>
<answer>66.7%</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"66.7%",
"66.7 percent",
"two thirds",
"2/3"
] |
What type of biological activity does hyaluronidase contribute to in Costa Rican snake venoms?
|
indirect hemolytic activity
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
4095702
|
Neutralization of hyaluronidase and indirect hemolytic activities of Costa Rican snake venoms by a polyvalent antivenom.
|
<question>What type of biological activity does hyaluronidase contribute to in Costa Rican snake venoms?</question>
<answer>indirect hemolytic activity</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"indirect hemolytic activity",
"indirect hemolysis",
"hemolytic activity",
"indirect erythrocyte lysis"
] |
What chemokine produced by gingival epithelial cells is inhibited by Porphyromonas gingivalis?
|
interleukin 8
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
9529095
|
Local chemokine paralysis, a novel pathogenic mechanism for Porphyromonas gingivalis.
|
<question>What chemokine produced by gingival epithelial cells is inhibited by Porphyromonas gingivalis?</question>
<answer>interleukin 8</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"interleukin 8",
"IL-8",
"CXCL8",
"IL8",
"Lymphocyte chemotactic factor",
"Neutrophil chemotactic factor"
] |
What radiotracer is used for PET imaging of T-cell activation in inflammatory arthritis models?
|
[18F]F-AraG
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
28625080
|
In Vivo PET Imaging of the Activated Immune Environment in a Small Animal Model of Inflammatory Arthritis.
|
<question>What radiotracer is used for PET imaging of T-cell activation in inflammatory arthritis models?</question>
<answer>[18F]F-AraG</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"[18F]F-AraG",
"18F-F-AraG",
"18F-FaraG",
"18F-arabinofuranosyl guanine",
"fluorine-18 labeled arabinofuranosyl guanine",
"fluorine-18 F-AraG",
"18F-arabinofuranosylguanine",
"18F-F-araG"
] |
What enzyme is directly inhibited by alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in human colon carcinoma cells?
|
arginase
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
9719479
|
Alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) as a potent arginase activity inhibitor in human colon carcinoma cells.
|
<question>What enzyme is directly inhibited by alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in human colon carcinoma cells?</question>
<answer>arginase</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"arginase",
"L-arginine hydrolase",
"EC 3.5.3.1"
] |
What anatomical abnormality is referred to as PAD in the context of bile duct stone treatment?
|
Periampullary diverticulum
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
22042420
|
[The effect of periampullary diverticulum on the outcome of bile duct stone treatment with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation].
|
<question>What anatomical abnormality is referred to as PAD in the context of bile duct stone treatment?</question>
<answer>Periampullary diverticulum</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"Periampullary diverticulum",
"periampullary diverticula",
"PAD",
"duodenal diverticulum near the ampulla",
"periampullary duodenal diverticulum"
] |
What imaging modality is used to assess perfusion parameters in hepatocellular carcinoma?
|
computed tomography
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
22996748
|
Quantification of variability in breath-hold perfusion CT of hepatocellular carcinoma: a step toward clinical use.
|
<question>What imaging modality is used to assess perfusion parameters in hepatocellular carcinoma?</question>
<answer>computed tomography</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"computed tomography",
"CT",
"CT scan",
"computed axial tomography",
"CAT scan"
] |
What peptide is associated with islet neogenesis in the pancreas?
|
islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP)
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
10828857
|
Possible relationship between changes in islet neogenesis and islet neogenesis-associated protein-positive cell mass induced by sucrose administration to normal hamsters.
|
<question>What peptide is associated with islet neogenesis in the pancreas?</question>
<answer>islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP)</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"islet neogenesis-associated protein",
"INGAP",
"islet neogenesis associated protein"
] |
What is the main polyunsaturated fatty acid found in pomegranate seed oil?
|
punicic acid
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
26648720
|
Treatment of a multiple sclerosis animal model by a novel nanodrop formulation of a natural antioxidant.
|
<question>What is the main polyunsaturated fatty acid found in pomegranate seed oil?</question>
<answer>punicic acid</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"punicic acid",
"trichosanic acid",
"cis-9,trans-11,cis-13-octadecatrienoic acid",
"octadeca-9Z,11E,13Z-trienoic acid"
] |
What animal was used in the study to evaluate respiratory motion models with fast helical CT scans?
|
pig
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
29360098
|
Dependence of subject-specific parameters for a fast helical CT respiratory motion model on breathing rate: an animal study.
|
<question>What animal was used in the study to evaluate respiratory motion models with fast helical CT scans?</question>
<answer>pig</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"pig",
"Sus scrofa",
"domestic pig",
"swine"
] |
Which fungal pathogen causes disseminated histoplasmosis?
|
Histoplasma capsulatum
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
9279732
|
Central nervous system involvement as a relapse of disseminated histoplasmosis in an Italian AIDS patient.
|
<question>Which fungal pathogen causes disseminated histoplasmosis?</question>
<answer>Histoplasma capsulatum</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"Histoplasma capsulatum",
"H. capsulatum",
"Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum",
"Histoplasma",
"Histoplasma capsulatum fungus"
] |
Which muscle is primarily responsible for mandibular depression in rhesus monkeys?
|
lateral pterygoid
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
6956260
|
Electromyographic analysis of the functional components of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
|
<question>Which muscle is primarily responsible for mandibular depression in rhesus monkeys?</question>
<answer>lateral pterygoid</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"lateral pterygoid",
"lateral pterygoid muscle",
"external pterygoid",
"external pterygoid muscle"
] |
Which brain region shows reduced deactivation during creative cognition in both highly creative and high-schizotypy individuals?
|
right precuneus
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
24022793
|
Creativity and schizotypy from the neuroscience perspective.
|
<question>Which brain region shows reduced deactivation during creative cognition in both highly creative and high-schizotypy individuals?</question>
<answer>right precuneus</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"right precuneus",
"precuneus (right)",
"right-side precuneus",
"right hemisphere precuneus",
"precuneus of the right hemisphere"
] |
Which muscle of the pig was used to study the effects of storage conditions on porphyrin fluorescence signatures?
|
musculus longissimus dorsi
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
21890281
|
Effects of different storage conditions on quality related porphyrin fluorescence signatures of pork slices.
|
<question>Which muscle of the pig was used to study the effects of storage conditions on porphyrin fluorescence signatures?</question>
<answer>musculus longissimus dorsi</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"musculus longissimus dorsi",
"longissimus dorsi",
"longissimus muscle",
"loin muscle",
"pork loin",
"longissimus thoracis et lumborum",
"LD muscle"
] |
Which metal is used to dope the SnO2-coated titanium foam anode in the described electrochemical cell?
|
Antimony
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
12405427
|
Coupling of anodic and cathodic reactions for phenol electro-oxidation using three-dimensional electrodes.
|
<question>Which metal is used to dope the SnO2-coated titanium foam anode in the described electrochemical cell?</question>
<answer>Antimony</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"Antimony",
"Sb"
] |
Which vascular access type is associated with the lowest mortality risk among elderly hemodialysis patients?
|
arteriovenous fistula
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
31796787
|
The Impact of Comorbidity Burden on The Association between Vascular Access Type and Clinical Outcomes among Elderly Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.
|
<question>Which vascular access type is associated with the lowest mortality risk among elderly hemodialysis patients?</question>
<answer>arteriovenous fistula</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"arteriovenous fistula",
"AV fistula",
"arterio-venous fistula",
"A-V fistula",
"native fistula"
] |
Which metabolic pathway is used by Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to degrade glucose to pyruvate?
|
modified branched Entner-Doudoroff pathway
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
30315522
|
Profiling of glucose-induced transcription in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639.
|
<question>Which metabolic pathway is used by Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to degrade glucose to pyruvate?</question>
<answer>modified branched Entner-Doudoroff pathway</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"modified branched Entner-Doudoroff pathway",
"branched Entner-Doudoroff pathway",
"branched ED pathway",
"modified Entner-Doudoroff pathway",
"non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway",
"archaeal Entner-Doudoroff pathway"
] |
What is the threshold value of fractional flow reserve (FFR) that reliably indicates a significant coronary stenosis?
|
0.75
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
9665058
|
Improved assessment of coronary stenosis severity using the relative flow velocity reserve.
|
<question>What is the threshold value of fractional flow reserve (FFR) that reliably indicates a significant coronary stenosis?</question>
<answer>0.75</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"0.75",
"75%",
"FFR 0.75",
"fractional flow reserve 0.75"
] |
Which histone chaperone is involved in transcription-associated nucleosome dynamics independently of Rtt109?
|
Vps75
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
19470761
|
An rtt109-independent role for vps75 in transcription-associated nucleosome dynamics.
|
<question>Which histone chaperone is involved in transcription-associated nucleosome dynamics independently of Rtt109?</question>
<answer>Vps75</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Vps75",
"VPS75",
"YNL246W"
] |
Which bacterial species was studied for genes involved in cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis in this research?
|
Bacillus megaterium
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
3015883
|
Cloning of multiple genes involved with cobalamin (Vitamin B12) biosynthesis in Bacillus megaterium.
|
<question>Which bacterial species was studied for genes involved in cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis in this research?</question>
<answer>Bacillus megaterium</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"Bacillus megaterium",
"B. megaterium"
] |
Which protein promotes homologous recombination during double-stranded DNA break repair?
|
Rad52
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
11711618
|
Involvement of cellular double-stranded DNA break binding proteins in processing of the recombinant adeno-associated virus genome.
|
<question>Which protein promotes homologous recombination during double-stranded DNA break repair?</question>
<answer>Rad52</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Rad52",
"RAD52",
"radiation sensitive 52",
"RAD52 homolog",
"RAD52 recombinase"
] |
Which nuclear pore complex protein does Mad1p interact with to regulate the spindle assembly checkpoint response in yeast?
|
Nup53p
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
16000377
|
Interactions between Mad1p and the nuclear transport machinery in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
<question>Which nuclear pore complex protein does Mad1p interact with to regulate the spindle assembly checkpoint response in yeast?</question>
<answer>Nup53p</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Nup53p",
"Nup53",
"NUP53",
"nucleoporin 53",
"YMR153W"
] |
Which organelle in rat liver cells shows early morphological damage upon exposure to ethacrynic acid?
|
mitochondria
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
3713139
|
The basis for the cellular damage induced by ethacrynic acid in liver slices in vitro. Comparison of structure and function.
|
<question>Which organelle in rat liver cells shows early morphological damage upon exposure to ethacrynic acid?</question>
<answer>mitochondria</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"mitochondria",
"mitochondrion",
"mitochondrial organelle"
] |
What is the name of the phosphatase that negatively regulates lipopolysaccharide-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in mouse macrophages?
|
MKP-M
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
11564882
|
A novel mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase is an important negative regulator of lipopolysaccharide-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in mouse macrophage cell lines.
|
<question>What is the name of the phosphatase that negatively regulates lipopolysaccharide-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in mouse macrophages?</question>
<answer>MKP-M</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"MKP-M",
"Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase M",
"DUSP16",
"dual specificity phosphatase 16",
"MAP kinase phosphatase M",
"MKP M"
] |
What subclass of immunoglobulin were the monoclonal antibodies generated against porcine growth hormone?
|
IgG1 kappa
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
12505716
|
Monoclonal antibodies as a probe for the unfolding of porcine growth hormone.
|
<question>What subclass of immunoglobulin were the monoclonal antibodies generated against porcine growth hormone?</question>
<answer>IgG1 kappa</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"IgG1 kappa",
"IgG1κ",
"IgG1-kappa",
"IgG1 k",
"Immunoglobulin G1 kappa",
"Immunoglobulin G1κ",
"IgG1"
] |
What signalling pathway is inhibited to establish homogeneous mouse epiblast stem cell lines in this study?
|
Wnt
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
25818811
|
A simple and robust method for establishing homogeneous mouse epiblast stem cell lines by wnt inhibition.
|
<question>What signalling pathway is inhibited to establish homogeneous mouse epiblast stem cell lines in this study?</question>
<answer>Wnt</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Wnt",
"Wnt pathway",
"Wnt signaling",
"Wnt signalling",
"Wnt signaling pathway",
"Wnt signalling pathway"
] |
What quantitative ratiometric measurement was identified as a significant predictor of hypernasality after maxillary osteotomy in patients with cleft lip and palate?
|
closure ratio
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
33136867
|
Identifying Predictors of Acquired Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Cleft Lip and Palate Following Maxillary Osteotomy Using Multiple Regression Analyses.
|
<question>What quantitative ratiometric measurement was identified as a significant predictor of hypernasality after maxillary osteotomy in patients with cleft lip and palate?</question>
<answer>closure ratio</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"closure ratio",
"velopharyngeal closure ratio",
"VP closure ratio",
"velopharyngeal ratio"
] |
Which standardized terminology is commonly used to represent medications in electronic medical record (EMR) systems?
|
RxNorm
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
18999215
|
Medication and indication linkage: A practical therapy for the problem list?
|
<question>Which standardized terminology is commonly used to represent medications in electronic medical record (EMR) systems?</question>
<answer>RxNorm</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"RxNorm",
"Rx Norm",
"Rx-Norm"
] |
What is the name of the fluorescent sensor developed for detecting heparin in plasma samples?
|
Heparin Orange
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
18309407
|
Discovery of heparin chemosensors through diversity oriented fluorescence library approach.
|
<question>What is the name of the fluorescent sensor developed for detecting heparin in plasma samples?</question>
<answer>Heparin Orange</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"Heparin Orange"
] |
What serum biomarker is used to monitor the risk of hepatoblastoma in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum?
|
alpha-fetoprotein
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
31235384
|
Development of the Serum �-Fetoprotein Reference Range in Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum.
|
<question>What serum biomarker is used to monitor the risk of hepatoblastoma in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum?</question>
<answer>alpha-fetoprotein</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"alpha-fetoprotein",
"AFP",
"Alpha fetoprotein",
"Alpha-Fetoprotein"
] |
Which method was proposed in the study to address the limitations of conventional multicriteria decision analysis in groundwater remediation?
|
optimization-based multicriteria decision analysis
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
25613797
|
Optimization-based multicriteria decision analysis for identification of desired petroleum-contaminated groundwater remediation strategies.
|
<question>Which method was proposed in the study to address the limitations of conventional multicriteria decision analysis in groundwater remediation?</question>
<answer>optimization-based multicriteria decision analysis</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"optimization-based multicriteria decision analysis",
"optimization-based MCDA",
"optimization-based multi-criteria decision analysis",
"optimization-based multi criteria decision analysis",
"optimization-based MCDM",
"optimization-based multi-criteria decision making"
] |
Which two cell cycle-related proteins are overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and predict poor prognosis?
|
CDK1 and BUB1
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
30898709
|
High expression of CDK1 and BUB1 predicts poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
|
<question>Which two cell cycle-related proteins are overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and predict poor prognosis?</question>
<answer>CDK1 and BUB1</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"CDK1",
"Cyclin-dependent kinase 1",
"CDC2",
"p34CDC2",
"BUB1",
"Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1",
"BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase"
] |
What immunosuppressive drug was used in the study to prevent rejection of transplanted cells?
|
Cyclosporine
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
26606532
|
Ultrathin Polyimide Membrane as Cell Carrier for Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium.
|
<question>What immunosuppressive drug was used in the study to prevent rejection of transplanted cells?</question>
<answer>Cyclosporine</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Cyclosporine",
"Cyclosporin",
"Cyclosporin A",
"Ciclosporin",
"CSA"
] |
Which preoperative immunosuppressive drug was associated with increased complications following laparoscopic-assisted ileostomy in children with ulcerative colitis?
|
azathioprine
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
26529347
|
Morbidity and Risk Factors of Laparoscopic-Assisted Ileostomies in Children With Ulcerative Colitis.
|
<question>Which preoperative immunosuppressive drug was associated with increased complications following laparoscopic-assisted ileostomy in children with ulcerative colitis?</question>
<answer>azathioprine</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"azathioprine",
"Imuran",
"Azasan"
] |
What type of animal tissue is commonly used for xenograft heart valve replacements?
|
porcine
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
7119497
|
[M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic features of porcine xenograft valve dysfunction].
|
<question>What type of animal tissue is commonly used for xenograft heart valve replacements?</question>
<answer>porcine</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"porcine",
"pig",
"swine"
] |
Which microtubule-associated protein is required for mitotic spindle elongation during anaphase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
|
Stu2
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
11309422
|
Stu2 promotes mitotic spindle elongation in anaphase.
|
<question>Which microtubule-associated protein is required for mitotic spindle elongation during anaphase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae?</question>
<answer>Stu2</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Stu2",
"STU2",
"YFL017C",
"Stu2p"
] |
What is the proposed origin of the burn toxin described in burn disease research?
|
thermal polymerization of cell membrane lipoproteins
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
4429330
|
Burn sepsis and burn toxin.
|
<question>What is the proposed origin of the burn toxin described in burn disease research?</question>
<answer>thermal polymerization of cell membrane lipoproteins</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"thermal polymerization of cell membrane lipoproteins",
"thermal polymerization of membrane lipoproteins",
"thermal polymerization of cellular membrane lipoproteins",
"thermal polymerization of lipoproteins in cell membranes",
"thermal polymerization of lipoproteins"
] |
What term describes the negative health effect caused by separating interconnected areas of life or neglecting important aspects of living?
|
pathogenic
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
1594848
|
[Health and disease in leisure-time families].
|
<question>What term describes the negative health effect caused by separating interconnected areas of life or neglecting important aspects of living?</question>
<answer>pathogenic</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"pathogenic"
] |
What type of cancer affects the vulva and is characterized by abnormal squamous cells limited to the epithelial layer?
|
Squamous-cell carcinoma in situ
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
7161755
|
Carcinoma in situ of the vulva. The search for viral particles.
|
<question>What type of cancer affects the vulva and is characterized by abnormal squamous cells limited to the epithelial layer?</question>
<answer>Squamous-cell carcinoma in situ</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"Squamous-cell carcinoma in situ",
"Bowen's disease of the vulva",
"vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia",
"VIN",
"vulvar carcinoma in situ",
"squamous intraepithelial lesion of the vulva",
"vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in situ"
] |
What structure in the inner ear is responsible for frequency tuning and sound discrimination?
|
basilar membrane
|
9
|
Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation
|
12880044
|
The effects of a high-frequency suppressor on tuning curves and derived basilar-membrane response functions.
|
<question>What structure in the inner ear is responsible for frequency tuning and sound discrimination?</question>
<answer>basilar membrane</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat>
|
[
"basilar membrane",
"membrana basilaris"
] |
What clinical factor was found to be significantly associated with reduced distant metastasis in breast cancer patients?
|
menopausal hormone use
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
26823437
|
A Comprehensive Multistate Model Analyzing Associations of Various Risk Factors With the Course of Breast Cancer in a Population-Based Cohort of Breast Cancer Cases.
|
<question>What clinical factor was found to be significantly associated with reduced distant metastasis in breast cancer patients?</question>
<answer>menopausal hormone use</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"menopausal hormone use",
"hormone replacement therapy",
"HRT",
"postmenopausal hormone therapy",
"menopausal hormone therapy",
"MHT"
] |
What cytokine does anakinra antagonize in the treatment of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
|
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
22083619
|
Anakinra: a safe and effective first-line treatment in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA).
|
<question>What cytokine does anakinra antagonize in the treatment of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis?</question>
<answer>Interleukin-1 (IL-1)</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Interleukin-1",
"IL-1",
"Interleukin 1",
"IL1"
] |
Which computational theory was applied in this study to reduce the dimensionality of protein sequence feature vectors for predicting protein-protein interactions?
|
compressed sensing
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
21635901
|
Adaptive compressive learning for prediction of protein-protein interactions from primary sequence.
|
<question>Which computational theory was applied in this study to reduce the dimensionality of protein sequence feature vectors for predicting protein-protein interactions?</question>
<answer>compressed sensing</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"compressed sensing",
"compressive sensing"
] |
Which amino acid is substituted by proline in the L134P mutant of ferritin?
|
leucine
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
33733771
|
Use of a Ferritin L134P Mutant for the Facile Conjugation of Prussian Blue in the Apoferritin Cavity.
|
<question>Which amino acid is substituted by proline in the L134P mutant of ferritin?</question>
<answer>leucine</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"leucine",
"Leu",
"L"
] |
What is the professional title for a healthcare specialist focused on nutrition in clinical settings?
|
dietitian
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
23808280
|
[Features to improve health care in "dietology" profile in Voronezh Region].
|
<question>What is the professional title for a healthcare specialist focused on nutrition in clinical settings?</question>
<answer>dietitian</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"dietitian",
"dietician",
"clinical dietitian",
"registered dietitian",
"RD",
"registered dietitian nutritionist",
"RDN"
] |
What is the five-year survival rate for patients with non-epidermotropic cutaneous lymphoma in Tunisia?
|
56%
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
9755755
|
[Cutaneous lymphoma in Tunisia: clinical profile and therapeutic results].
|
<question>What is the five-year survival rate for patients with non-epidermotropic cutaneous lymphoma in Tunisia?</question>
<answer>56%</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"56%",
"fifty-six percent",
"56 percent"
] |
Which group of chemicals includes perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)?
|
Perfluoroalkyl substances
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
24333660
|
Transport of perfluoroalkyl acids in a water-saturated sediment column investigated under near-natural conditions.
|
<question>Which group of chemicals includes perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)?</question>
<answer>Perfluoroalkyl substances</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"Perfluoroalkyl substances",
"PFAS",
"perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances",
"perfluoroalkyl compounds",
"polyfluoroalkyl substances",
"perfluorinated alkyl substances",
"perfluorinated compounds",
"poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances"
] |
What arachidonic acid metabolite acts as a critical autocrine growth factor for S49.1 lymphoma cell proliferation?
|
Leukotriene B4
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
2840273
|
Glucocorticoid-induced lymphoma cell growth inhibition: the role of leukotriene B4.
|
<question>What arachidonic acid metabolite acts as a critical autocrine growth factor for S49.1 lymphoma cell proliferation?</question>
<answer>Leukotriene B4</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Leukotriene B4",
"LTB4",
"leukotriene B-4",
"leukotriene B 4"
] |
Which type of virus was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with epidemic neuropathy?
|
enterovirus
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
10474640
|
Analysis of enterovirus sequences recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with epidemic neuropathy.
|
<question>Which type of virus was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with epidemic neuropathy?</question>
<answer>enterovirus</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"enterovirus",
"enteroviruses",
"Enterovirus"
] |
What is the main cell type delivered by echocardiography-guided percutaneous left ventricular intracavitary injection in infarcted mice?
|
cardiac mesenchymal cells
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
33547546
|
Echocardiography-guided percutaneous left ventricular intracavitary injection as a cell delivery approach in infarcted mice.
|
<question>What is the main cell type delivered by echocardiography-guided percutaneous left ventricular intracavitary injection in infarcted mice?</question>
<answer>cardiac mesenchymal cells</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"cardiac mesenchymal cells",
"CMCs",
"cardiac-derived mesenchymal cells",
"cardiac MSCs",
"cardiac mesenchymal stem cells"
] |
Which technology is increasingly used for personality identification in mass casualty events?
|
DNA-technologies
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
22567959
|
[Personality identification based on the outcomes of mass casualty events].
|
<question>Which technology is increasingly used for personality identification in mass casualty events?</question>
<answer>DNA-technologies</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"DNA-technologies",
"DNA technology",
"DNA-based technologies",
"DNA analysis",
"DNA profiling",
"DNA fingerprinting",
"genetic profiling",
"genetic fingerprinting",
"DNA identification"
] |
Which catalytic metal is used in the DYKAT of Baylis-Hillman adducts for the synthesis of furaquinocin E?
|
Palladium
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
12296725
|
DYKAT of Baylis-Hillman adducts: concise total synthesis of furaquinocin E.
|
<question>Which catalytic metal is used in the DYKAT of Baylis-Hillman adducts for the synthesis of furaquinocin E?</question>
<answer>Palladium</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"Palladium",
"Pd"
] |
What plant is the source of the proanthocyanidins studied for dentin biomodification in this research?
|
Vitis vinifera
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
31433178
|
Proanthocyanidin Dimers and Trimers from Vitis vinifera Provide Diverse Structural Motifs for the Evaluation of Dentin Biomodification.
|
<question>What plant is the source of the proanthocyanidins studied for dentin biomodification in this research?</question>
<answer>Vitis vinifera</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Vitis vinifera",
"common grape vine",
"grapevine",
"grape",
"European grape",
"wine grape",
"V. vinifera"
] |
What scoring system is used to assess oral intake in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction?
|
Gastric Outlet Obstruction Score (GOOS)
|
8
|
Clinical grading & diagnostic scales / classification systems
|
22408353
|
Duodenal stenting for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: prospective study.
|
<question>What scoring system is used to assess oral intake in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction?</question>
<answer>Gastric Outlet Obstruction Score (GOOS)</answer>
<cat_num>8</cat_num>
<cat>Clinical grading & diagnostic scales / classification systems</cat>
|
[
"Gastric Outlet Obstruction Score",
"GOOS",
"gastric outlet obstruction score"
] |
What device is used for preoperative therapy to soften corporal fibrosis before penile prosthesis implantation?
|
vacuum erection device
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
27938991
|
Successful Placement of Penile Prostheses in Men With Severe Corporal Fibrosis Following Vacuum Therapy Protocol.
|
<question>What device is used for preoperative therapy to soften corporal fibrosis before penile prosthesis implantation?</question>
<answer>vacuum erection device</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"vacuum erection device",
"VED",
"penile vacuum device",
"vacuum constriction device",
"vacuum pump"
] |
Which fungal strain was tested for susceptibility to N,N-dimethylbiguanide complexes in this study?
|
Candida albicans
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
20363535
|
Prospects for new antimicrobials based on N,N-dimethylbiguanide complexes as effective agents on both planktonic and adhered microbial strains.
|
<question>Which fungal strain was tested for susceptibility to N,N-dimethylbiguanide complexes in this study?</question>
<answer>Candida albicans</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"Candida albicans",
"C. albicans",
"Monilia albicans"
] |
What is the serum uric acid threshold (in mg/dL) used to define hyperuricaemia in men in this study?
|
7 mg/dL
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
30826766
|
Relationship between serum uric acid and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors and renal disorders among Shanghai population: a multicentre and cross-sectional study.
|
<question>What is the serum uric acid threshold (in mg/dL) used to define hyperuricaemia in men in this study?</question>
<answer>7 mg/dL</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"7 mg/dL",
"7 milligrams per deciliter",
"7 mg per dL",
"seven mg/dL",
"seven milligrams per deciliter",
"7"
] |
What is the approximate rate of translation of mRNA in an optimized in vitro system, in codons per second?
|
10
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
8638943
|
Rate of translation of natural mRNAs in an optimized in vitro system.
|
<question>What is the approximate rate of translation of mRNA in an optimized in vitro system, in codons per second?</question>
<answer>10</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"10",
"ten"
] |
What allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is established as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive impairment?
|
epsilon4
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
10784244
|
Influence of apolipoprotein E genotype on the risk of cognitive deterioration in moderate drinkers and smokers.
|
<question>What allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is established as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive impairment?</question>
<answer>epsilon4</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"epsilon4",
"ε4",
"ApoE4",
"Apolipoprotein E4",
"ApoE ε4",
"ApoE-ε4",
"ApoE*4",
"APOE4",
"APOE ε4"
] |
Which four Asian countries were included in the opinion poll survey about public views of health system issues?
|
Bangladesh, Mongolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
19597205
|
Public views of health system issues in four Asian countries.
|
<question>Which four Asian countries were included in the opinion poll survey about public views of health system issues?</question>
<answer>Bangladesh, Mongolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Bangladesh",
"People's Republic of Bangladesh",
"BD",
"Mongolia",
"Mongol Uls",
"MN",
"Nepal",
"Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal",
"NP",
"Sri Lanka",
"Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka",
"Ceylon",
"LK"
] |
Which type of neurotransmitter receptor in the rat striatum was measured for circadian rhythm changes after sleep deprivation?
|
dopamine receptor
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
6116257
|
Sleep deprivation: effects on circadian rhythms of rat brain neurotransmitter receptors.
|
<question>Which type of neurotransmitter receptor in the rat striatum was measured for circadian rhythm changes after sleep deprivation?</question>
<answer>dopamine receptor</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"dopamine receptor",
"dopaminergic receptor",
"DA receptor"
] |
What is the threshold value of left ventricular ejection fraction used to define severe left ventricular dysfunction in this study?
|
35%
|
8
|
Clinical grading & diagnostic scales / classification systems
|
16028343
|
Early EPS/ICD strategy in survivors of acute myocardial infarction with severe left ventricular dysfunction on optimal beta-blocker treatment. The BEta-blocker STrategy plus ICD trial.
|
<question>What is the threshold value of left ventricular ejection fraction used to define severe left ventricular dysfunction in this study?</question>
<answer>35%</answer>
<cat_num>8</cat_num>
<cat>Clinical grading & diagnostic scales / classification systems</cat>
|
[
"35%",
"0.35",
"thirty-five percent"
] |
What drug was studied for its effects on regional myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs in this experiment?
|
Isosorbide-5-mononitrate
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
6726657
|
Electrocardiographic analysis of the effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate on regional myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs.
|
<question>What drug was studied for its effects on regional myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs in this experiment?</question>
<answer>Isosorbide-5-mononitrate</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Isosorbide-5-mononitrate",
"ISMN",
"Isosorbide mononitrate",
"Isosorbide 5-mononitrate",
"Mononitrate",
"Imdur",
"Monoket"
] |
What type of organism transmits ehrlichiosis to humans?
|
tick
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
9798890
|
Ehrlichiosis: findings on chest radiographs in three pediatric patients.
|
<question>What type of organism transmits ehrlichiosis to humans?</question>
<answer>tick</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"tick",
"ticks",
"Ixodida",
"Ixodes",
"hard tick",
"soft tick",
"arthropod vector"
] |
What is a common barrier that limits older adults from accessing primary care provider (PCP)-based acute illness care?
|
Limited availability of primary care
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
28611875
|
Patient Perspectives on Accessing Acute Illness Care.
|
<question>What is a common barrier that limits older adults from accessing primary care provider (PCP)-based acute illness care?</question>
<answer>Limited availability of primary care</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"Limited availability of primary care",
"limited access to primary care",
"limited primary care availability",
"limited access to PCP",
"primary care shortage",
"primary care provider shortage",
"PCP shortage",
"limited PCP availability",
"limited access to primary care providers",
"primary care access barriers"
] |
What assay can be used to study the kinetics of beta-amyloid peptide aggregation?
|
DNA mobility shift assay
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
10964426
|
Detection of beta-amyloid peptide aggregation using DNA electrophoresis.
|
<question>What assay can be used to study the kinetics of beta-amyloid peptide aggregation?</question>
<answer>DNA mobility shift assay</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"DNA mobility shift assay",
"electrophoretic mobility shift assay",
"EMSA",
"gel shift assay"
] |
Which mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency was most commonly identified in neonates with oxidative phosphorylation disorders?
|
Complex I deficiency
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
18977979
|
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorders presenting in neonates: clinical manifestations and enzymatic and molecular diagnoses.
|
<question>Which mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency was most commonly identified in neonates with oxidative phosphorylation disorders?</question>
<answer>Complex I deficiency</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"Complex I deficiency",
"complex I deficiency",
"NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase deficiency",
"NADH dehydrogenase deficiency",
"mitochondrial complex I deficiency",
"respiratory chain complex I deficiency",
"complex one deficiency",
"complex 1 deficiency"
] |
What gene in Streptococcus mutans encodes a known virulence factor affected by composite resin degradation products?
|
gtfB
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
18314895
|
Composite resin degradation products from BisGMA monomer modulate the expression of genes associated with biofilm formation and other virulence factors in Streptococcus mutans.
|
<question>What gene in Streptococcus mutans encodes a known virulence factor affected by composite resin degradation products?</question>
<answer>gtfB</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"gtfB",
"glucosyltransferase B",
"GTFB",
"smu_1004"
] |
Which equation is commonly used to estimate steady-state head within a fully penetrating well?
|
Thiem equation
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
16405471
|
Uniform head in horizontal and vertical wells.
|
<question>Which equation is commonly used to estimate steady-state head within a fully penetrating well?</question>
<answer>Thiem equation</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"Thiem equation",
"Thiem's equation",
"Thiem method"
] |
What mineral is used to induce apoptosis in human malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro?
|
talc
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
10673205
|
Talc induces apoptosis in human malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro.
|
<question>What mineral is used to induce apoptosis in human malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro?</question>
<answer>talc</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"talc",
"talcum",
"talcum powder",
"hydrated magnesium silicate"
] |
What is the sister group to frogs among modern amphibians?
|
salamanders
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
11390961
|
On the origin of and phylogenetic relationships among living amphibians.
|
<question>What is the sister group to frogs among modern amphibians?</question>
<answer>salamanders</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"salamanders",
"Caudata",
"Urodela"
] |
What is the most common histological subtype of intracranial germ cell tumours in children?
|
pure germinoma
|
1
|
Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations
|
23317752
|
Paediatric germ cell tumours of the central nervous system: Results and experience from a tertiary-referral paediatric institution in Australia.
|
<question>What is the most common histological subtype of intracranial germ cell tumours in children?</question>
<answer>pure germinoma</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat>
|
[
"pure germinoma",
"germinoma",
"intracranial germinoma",
"central nervous system germinoma",
"CNS germinoma"
] |
What does the acronym CUP stand for in oncology?
|
Cancer of Unknown Primary
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
33305604
|
The management of patients with cancer of unknown primary in middle-income countries: an ESO-AROME survey.
|
<question>What does the acronym CUP stand for in oncology?</question>
<answer>Cancer of Unknown Primary</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"Cancer of Unknown Primary",
"Carcinoma of Unknown Primary",
"CUP",
"Unknown Primary Cancer",
"Unknown Primary Carcinoma",
"Unknown Primary Tumor"
] |
Which enzyme is inhibited by 5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinone derivatives for the treatment of diabetic complications?
|
aldose reductase
|
2
|
Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence
|
21531055
|
Identification of 5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinone derivatives endowed with dual activity as aldose reductase inhibitors and antioxidant agents for the treatment of diabetic complications.
|
<question>Which enzyme is inhibited by 5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinone derivatives for the treatment of diabetic complications?</question>
<answer>aldose reductase</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat>
|
[
"aldose reductase",
"AR",
"AKR1B1",
"alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase",
"ALR2"
] |
What screening tool was used to identify intimate partner violence in women in this study?
|
Abuse Assessment Screen
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
32807147
|
Assessment of intimate partner violence abuse ratings by recently abused and never abused women.
|
<question>What screening tool was used to identify intimate partner violence in women in this study?</question>
<answer>Abuse Assessment Screen</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"Abuse Assessment Screen",
"AAS"
] |
Which air pollutant was associated with an increased risk of hospital admission for myocardial infarction in all age groups in Kraków, Poland?
|
PM2.5
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
30688288
|
Effect of short-term fluctuations in outdoor air pollution on the number of hospital admissions due to acute myocardial infarction among inhabitants of Krak?w, Poland.
|
<question>Which air pollutant was associated with an increased risk of hospital admission for myocardial infarction in all age groups in Kraków, Poland?</question>
<answer>PM2.5</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"PM2.5",
"particulate matter 2.5",
"particulate matter less than 2.5 microns",
"fine particulate matter",
"fine particles",
"PM 2.5",
"PM-2.5"
] |
What is the name of the index developed to assess the completeness of reporting in observational study conference abstracts?
|
CORE index
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
18599268
|
The Completeness of Reporting (CORE) index identifies important deficiencies in observational study conference abstracts.
|
<question>What is the name of the index developed to assess the completeness of reporting in observational study conference abstracts?</question>
<answer>CORE index</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"CORE index",
"Completeness of Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology index",
"CORE",
"CORE-Index"
] |
What cytokine is predominantly produced by human natural killer (NK) cells in the early response to Coxsackievirus B3 infection?
|
interferon gamma
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
17961184
|
IFN-gamma production dominates the early human natural killer cell response to Coxsackievirus infection.
|
<question>What cytokine is predominantly produced by human natural killer (NK) cells in the early response to Coxsackievirus B3 infection?</question>
<answer>interferon gamma</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"interferon gamma",
"IFN-gamma",
"IFNγ",
"IFNG",
"type II interferon",
"interferon-γ"
] |
What is a potential health risk associated with adolescent tattooing?
|
blood-borne diseases
|
5
|
Disease causation & pathogens
|
9419914
|
Tattooing: another adolescent risk behavior warranting health education.
|
<question>What is a potential health risk associated with adolescent tattooing?</question>
<answer>blood-borne diseases</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat>
|
[
"blood-borne diseases",
"bloodborne diseases",
"blood-borne infections",
"bloodborne infections",
"blood transmitted diseases",
"blood transmitted infections"
] |
Which protein in Leishmania does not bind any known eIF4G ortholog?
|
LeishIF4E2
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
33760809
|
Distinct features of the Leishmania�cap-binding protein LeishIF4E2 revealed by CRISPR-Cas9 mediated hemizygous deletion.
|
<question>Which protein in Leishmania does not bind any known eIF4G ortholog?</question>
<answer>LeishIF4E2</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"LeishIF4E2",
"Leishmania eIF4E2",
"Leishmania initiation factor 4E2",
"Leishmania eukaryotic initiation factor 4E2",
"eIF4E2 (Leishmania)",
"Leishmania eIF4E-2"
] |
What chemical compound was used to enhance the release of rubella virus from persistently infected BHK21/WI-2 cells?
|
5-bromodeoxyuridine
|
4
|
Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms
|
562143
|
Persistent infection of BHK21/WI-2 cells with rubella virus and characterization of rubella variants.
|
<question>What chemical compound was used to enhance the release of rubella virus from persistently infected BHK21/WI-2 cells?</question>
<answer>5-bromodeoxyuridine</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat>
|
[
"5-bromodeoxyuridine",
"BrdU",
"bromodeoxyuridine",
"5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"
] |
What is a novel plasma biomarker for early-stage and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negative hepatocellular carcinoma?
|
Cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2)
|
6
|
Biomarkers & diagnostic tests
|
25312778
|
A preliminary study of plasma cyclase-associated protein 2 as a novel biomarker for early stage and alpha-fetoprotein negative hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
|
<question>What is a novel plasma biomarker for early-stage and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negative hepatocellular carcinoma?</question>
<answer>Cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2)</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat>
|
[
"Cyclase-associated protein 2",
"CAP2",
"cyclase associated protein 2",
"cyclase-associated protein II",
"CAP-2"
] |
Which hormone was found to correlate negatively with serum homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women?
|
estradiol
|
3
|
Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions
|
16728383
|
Endogenous sex steroids and circulating homocysteine in healthy Greek postmenopausal women.
|
<question>Which hormone was found to correlate negatively with serum homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women?</question>
<answer>estradiol</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat>
|
[
"estradiol",
"E2",
"17β-estradiol",
"17-beta-estradiol",
"oestradiol",
"β-estradiol",
"beta-estradiol"
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.