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554542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chouain | Chouain | Chouain () is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Calvados department
References
Communes of Calvados (department)
Calvados communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
733737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities%20of%20Chiapas | Municipalities of Chiapas | <noinclude>
Chiapas is a state in Southwest Mexico. According to the 2020 Mexican Census, it has the eighth largest population of all states with inhabitants and the 10th largest by land area spanning . Chiapas is officially divided into 124 municipalities, although the establishment of municipal authorities in Belisario Domínguez was suspended in 2015 pending the resolution of a territorial dispute between Chiapas and the neighbouring state of Oaxaca. In 2021, the Mexican Supreme Court resolved this dispute in Oaxaca's favour, and annulled the 2011 decree that had created Belisario Domínguez.
Municipalities in Chiapas are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income.
The largest municipality by population is the state capital Tuxtla Gutiérrez, with 604,147 residents while the smallest is Sunuapa with 2,308 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Ocosingo which spans , and the smallest is Santiago el Pinar which spans . The newest municipality is Honduras de la Sierra, incorporated on July 15, 2018.
Municipalities
Notes
References
Chiapas |
65308700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xantholinini | Xantholinini | Xantholinini is a tribe of rove beetle.
References
External links
Beetle tribes |
9224690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20Magnetic | Death Magnetic | Death Magnetic is the ninth studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released on September 12, 2008, through Warner Bros. Records. The album was produced by Rick Rubin, marking the band's first album since ...And Justice for All (1988) not to be produced by longtime collaborator Bob Rock. It is also the first Metallica album to feature bassist Robert Trujillo, and the second to share writing credit to all of the band's members.
Metallica began writing music for a new album in 2006, later recording the album at different studios across Los Angeles County, California, from March 2007 to May 2008. Musically, Death Magnetic is a radical departure from Metallica's previous album, St. Anger (2003), and is considered a return to the band's thrash metal roots, with more complex compositions, standard guitar tuning on most songs and long guitar solos from Kirk Hammett and James Hetfield. It also includes the band's first instrumental piece, "Suicide & Redemption", since "To Live Is to Die" from ...And Justice for All.
Death Magnetic made Metallica the first band to achieve five consecutive number-one studio albums on the U.S. Billboard 200. The album received positive reviews, but its production was criticized as overcompressed and cited as a product of the loudness war. The album and its songs were nominated for six Grammy Awards (five in 2009 and one in 2010) and won three, including Best Metal Performance for "My Apocalypse". In support of the album, Metallica embarked on the World Magnetic Tour from October 2008 to November 2010. Four unreleased tracks from the album's recording sessions were later released as the Beyond Magnetic EP in December 2011.
Production
Writing
Early in 2004, lead singer James Hetfield revealed that Metallica had been playing new material during studio sessions, but that there was no mention of plans for a ninth studio album at that time. Select music from the jam sessions may be used on the album, as Lars Ulrich stated, "I definitely look forward to sifting through some of that stuff when we get back to the studio in January." On that note, by October 2004, the band had already compiled nearly 50 hours of pre-set jamming, with hundreds of riffs, chord progressions and bass lines. On September 30, 2004, Launch Radio revealed from an interview with Hetfield that the band hoped to return to the studio in spring of 2005 to begin recording their ninth studio album for Warner Bros. Records.
On March 10, 2006, it was reported that Metallica was planning to use the following six months to write material for the album, in addition to the previous two months they had already been spending writing music. Ulrich also stated that the band was getting along much better in the studio than they did during the recording of St. Anger. On April 6, he revealed that the band had composed "six to seven" songs (except for vocals) from their findings off the riff tapes recording during pre-sets of the Madly in Anger with the World Tour. He also said that by this point, the band's new material was reminiscent of "old school" Metallica works, and that it certainly did not feel like a St. Anger "part two".
On May 20, 2006, Kirk Hammett revealed that the band had fifteen songs written and were writing on average two to three songs per week. Hetfield also praised producer Rick Rubin for his production style in giving the band their own freedom and keeping the pressure at a minimum, despite the sessions becoming sometimes briefly unfocused. On May 27, Metallica updated their website with a video featuring information regarding the album.
Recording
Three studios were used to produce the album, those being Sound City Studios in Van Nuys, California, Shangri La Studios in Malibu, California, and HQ in San Rafael, California. On January 1, 2007, Ulrich stated in an interview with Revolver that the band would be conceiving the album much like they did their albums prior to working with ex-producer Bob Rock; they would sit down, write a select number of songs, then enter the studio to record them. He also quoted Rubin by saying "Rubin didn't want them to start the recording process until every song that they were going to record was as close to 100 percent as possible."
On March 5, Ulrich revealed that the band had narrowed a potential 25 songs down to 14, and that they would begin recording those fourteen on the following week. He also expanded on Rubin's style of production, saying,
On March 14, the band's official website issued a statement: "Metallica left the comfort of HQ this week to descend upon the greater Los Angeles area to begin recording their ninth original album. This is the first time they've recorded outside of the Bay Area since they spent time at One-on-One Studios recording their self-titled album in 1990 and '91." This was confirmed on July 24, 2008, on Mission: Metallica, as a video surfaced showing the crew moving into Sound City Studios of Nirvana fame.
On June 4, Robert Trujillo revealed that only select portions of the two new songs debuted in Berlin and Tokyo respectively would be featured on the album. The band hoped to have the album finished by October or November, when the album would be mixed. He predicted the album would be out in February 2008, and revealed that the songs they were working with were quite long.
On February 2, 2008, Sterlingsound.com revealed that Ted Jensen from Sterling Sound Studios would be mastering the new record. According to Blabbermouth.net and other sources, Greg Fidelman, who had served as a sound engineer, had also been tapped to mix the album.
Ulrich confirmed on May 15, 2008, that Metallica recorded eleven songs for Death Magnetic, although only ten would appear on the album due to the constraints of the physical medium. The eleventh song, titled "Shine" (which was later retitled "Just a Bullet Away"), was a song Hetfield "based around a Layne Staley type, a rock & roll martyr magnetized by death."
Unreleased tracks
A number of unreleased songs from Death Magnetic, including the above-mentioned "Just a Bullet Away", but also "Hell and Back", "Hate Train" and "Rebel of Babylon" were left off the album, but were rumored to be released as B-sides or on the next album. The titles were confirmed by Hammett and Ulrich on the MetOnTour video from December 20, 2008. On December 5, 7, 9 and 10, 2011, the band played four new songs, "Hate Train", "Just a Bullet Away", "Hell and Back" and "Rebel of Babylon", at the band's 30th Anniversary concerts. The day after each concert, MetClub members were sent an e-mail with a code for a free download of a rough mix of the song played at the show. The songs were released officially on the Beyond Magnetic EP, released on December 13, 2011. Two other songs recorded during Death Magnetic, based on "The New Song" (performed in 2006) and "The Other New Song" (performed in 2006 and 2007), have not been released, though parts of "The New Song" can be found in the recorded songs "The End of the Line" and "All Nightmare Long".
Title
Kirk Hammett played a role in inspiring the album title by bringing a photograph of deceased Alice in Chains singer Layne Staley to the studio where Metallica was recording. "That picture was there for a long time", said Hammett, "I think it pervaded James' psyche." Wondering why someone with Staley's talent would choose to use drugs so heavily and die so young, Hetfield started writing a song based on his questions (the song "Rebel of Babylon").
On July 16, 2008, Hetfield commented on the album's title:
The title is referenced in the track "My Apocalypse". According to Hammett, another title considered for the album was Songs of Suicide and Forgiveness. Death Magnetic was eventually picked out of four working titles when Hetfield met with creative agency Turner Duckworth, who were brought to deal with the album's visual identity, and as he discussed the songs "it was clear that they were all linked to death, facing up to the nature of death, and the fear and attraction that surrounds death."
Release and promotion
In January 2008, a statement was made by Stereo Warning that the album would be delayed until September 2008, The album, which was completed on August 10, 2008, was released on September 12 in the United States and issued in a variety of different packages.
On September 2, a French record store began selling copies of Death Magnetic, nearly two weeks ahead of its scheduled worldwide release date, which resulted in the album being made prematurely available on peer-to-peer clients. This prompted the band's UK distributor, Vertigo Records, to officially release the album two days ahead of schedule, on September 12. Ulrich, who was questioned about the leak on a San Francisco radio station, responded,
He later told USA Today,
During their Escape from the Studio '06 tour, Metallica debuted two songs. "The New Song" debuted on the European leg in Berlin, Germany on June 6, 2006. The song, as performed, is approximately eight minutes long. The title was rumored to be "Death Is Not the End" as Hetfield repeatedly sings the line throughout the song. This song would appear again in multiple Fly on the Wall videos on the Mission: Metallica website, showing the band partway through the song's recording, as noted by the slower tempo and lack of lyrics. "The Other New Song", (which was later named "Vulturous") debuted on August 12, 2006, in Tokyo, and is much shorter, taking just below four minutes to perform. To the surprise of fans, Metallica played "The Other New Song" once again on June 29, 2007, in Bilbao, Spain. Although neither of the "New Songs" appear on the album themselves, "The End of the Line" and "All Nightmare Long" both contain elements of "The New Song".
On August 9, 2008, Metallica debuted the first album track, "Cyanide", at Ozzfest, in Dallas, Texas and was performed again on August 20, 2008, in Dublin, Ireland. On August 22, at the Leeds Festival, they debuted the first single, "The Day That Never Comes".
On July 31, 2009, it was announced on Metallica.com that the band felt that the song "My Apocalypse" was in need of an introduction when played live to "set the mood". The statement on Metallica.com reads, "We've been enjoying playing 'My Apocalypse' out here on the road but felt like it could use something extra. We decided that it needed a cool intro to set the mood so James wrote one. Check out and enjoy this free download ... and make sure you learn it for singing along at a future show!" The approximately minute-long introduction is available as a free MP3 download. The song had originally been debuted live on March 25, 2009, at the LG Arena in Birmingham, UK.
On the day of the release FMQB radio broadcast The World Premiere of Death Magnetic, which was heard on more than 175 stations across the US and Canada. The live program from Metallica HQ featured all four members of Metallica talking with Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl and drummer Taylor Hawkins. Originally scheduled for a 90-minute broadcast, the show ended after two hours.
Packaging and versions
Ulrich brought the agency Turner Duckworth, co-owned by his personal friend David Turner, as he wanted someone that "would bring fresh ideas", and commanded respect in branding but were not jaded by the music business". While Turner and his partner Bruce Duckworth played with the two elements from the title, they emerged with the cover that combined a white coffin, a grave, and a magnetic field, depicted by a model made and photographed by Andy Grimshaw. Turner added the image was "simple and literal but at the same time open to all sorts of interpretations", saying that Hetfield considered the coffin shaped as "a door, to another experience, or consciousness". Duckworth stated that the cover fit their intention of something that would also be recognizable in a digital format, "small icons that go on your phone or iPod".
Turner compared the Metallica project with a campaign they did for Coca-Cola, as both approaches went down to "stripping things back down to what the brand was originally and the other part was adding a fresh new approach." The original Metallica logo was brought back to demonstrate how the band was trying to restore their old identity, while the cover was primarily white to contrast how the color is hardly used in the metal genre. Given the band wanted the physical release to be memorable to ensure it still had value in an age where audiences were purchasing more digital music, the original digipak featuring a layered die cut, where each page of the booklet resembled a layer of dirt being thrown on the coffin. Death Magnetic was issued on vinyl in a special box set, and also had a deluxe edition shaped like a coffin, bundled along with an additional disc full of demos, a making-of DVD, an exclusive T-shirt, guitar picks, a flag and a fold-out poster.
Guitar Hero
Alongside the release of the album, it was released as downloadable content (DLC) for Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock. This content would later be optimized for external use in Guitar Hero World Tour, Guitar Hero: Metallica (although "All Nightmare Long" was included on the in-game setlist), Guitar Hero 5, Band Hero, and Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock.
The Guitar Hero DLC had two versions of the instrumental track "Suicide & Redemption". The versions differed by the guitar solo performed on the song: one version had a solo performed by Hetfield, the other a solo by Hammett. The tracks were titled according to the solo they contained, with the Hetfield version named "Suicide & Redemption J.H." and the Hammett version named "Suicide & Redemption K.H."
Due to technical restrictions, the Wii version of Guitar Hero: World Tour only could hold the three shortest songs of the eleven: "Broken, Beat & Scarred", "Cyanide" and "My Apocalypse". These songs also appear on the Wii and PS2 versions of Guitar Hero: Metallica as bonus songs instead of DLC. The eight remaining tracks (including both versions of "Suicide & Redemption") were released on November 24, 2009, as DLC for Guitar Hero 5 and Band Hero for Wii.
Tour
Metallica promoted Death Magnetic with the World Magnetic Tour, which started on October 21, 2008, in Phoenix, Arizona. The North American leg finished in February 2009 and was followed by European concerts, interrupted only by a surprise gig at the South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas to promote the video game Guitar Hero: Metallica. A second North American leg, prioritizing markets missed by the original concerts, began in September. The tour returned to both continents while also extending to Latin America, Israel, Japan and Oceania in 2010, ending on November 21 in Melbourne, Australia. The 2010 Sonisphere Festival headlined by Metallica had them for the first time accompanied by the rest of the "Big Four of thrash metal", Slayer, Megadeth and Anthrax, and the concert where all bands played together for one song was released theatrically and on home video as The Big Four: Live from Sofia, Bulgaria. Metallica also released in November 2009 two video albums out of World Magnetic Tour performances that year, Orgullo, Pasión, y Gloria: Tres Noches en la Ciudad de México featuring three Mexico City concerts in June, and Français Pour une Nuit with a concert in the French town of Nîmes in July.
Reception
In a 2007 interview with Rolling Stone, ex-Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum described his impressions of the unfinished songs:
The album's first single, "The Day That Never Comes", was described by BBC Music as the closest thing to a ballad on the album. Rock Sound has also compared it to the likes of Thin Lizzy. The band has abandoned the solo-free approach that they followed on St. Anger, returning to complex, multi-layered arrangements such as those typically found on the band's fourth album ...And Justice for All.
Death Magnetic has been praised by fans as well as critics as a comeback for Metallica after the widely panned St. Anger. Thrash Hits was one of the first websites, along with The Quietus, to comment on Death Magnetic, claiming "it is a vast improvement on 2003 album St Anger". Metal Hammer noted Death Magnetics "sharp riffs" and "uncharacteristic bouncing grooves", and favorably compares the band's sound on the album to bands like Slayer, Led Zeppelin and Rage Against the Machine. Former Dream Theater drummer Mike Portnoy has praised the album, saying "Death Magnetic is hands down the best Metallica album in 20 years. This is the CD I've been waiting for them to make since ...And Justice for All. And thumbs up to them for doing the first real Metallica instrumental in 20 years since 'To Live Is to Die'. Welcome back, boys."
While Metallica was on the first leg of their 2008 tour in Europe, a third party at their management Q Prime demanded that media impressions and blogs commenting on the album be taken down from their website for reasons that were not explained to the band. However, when the band learned of this, they were upset and Ulrich re-posted many of the links along with other reactions to the new album, along with an apology to those whose links had been removed from Metallica's website.
Reviews for the album have been mostly positive. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated the album was like "hearing Metallica sound like Metallica again". Other positive reviews come from publications like The Guardian, who say that the album is "the strongest material the band have written in 20 years", and Uncut, declaring that "like all the best heavy rock albums, it suspends your disbelief, demands your attention and connects directly with your inner adolescent." BBC Music's Chris Jones felt that Hetfield's lyrics had become "the channel of his post-therapy angst". The Observer stated "it's a joy to have these gnarled veterans back to reinforce the sheer visceral thrill of timeless heavy metal".
On September 15, 2008, after a reviewer for Swedish daily Sydsvenskan admitted that he preferred a shortened mix of Death Magnetic to the official release, a scheduled interview was duly cancelled by Universal Music Sweden. Its president, Per Sundin said:
Compression
The album has been criticized for having compromised sound quality, due to an excessively compressed dynamic range, leading to audible distortion. Sean Michaels of The Guardian explains that this is "a result of the 'loudness war' – an ongoing industry effort to make recordings as loud as possible". A Rolling Stone article states that Rubin was "overseeing mixes in Los Angeles while the band is in Europe, headlining shows" and only communicated with him by conference calls.
Fans have noted that these sonic problems are not present in the Guitar Hero version of the album, where the guitars, bass, drums, and vocals are presented separately due to the mechanics of the game. The tracks were sent to the game publishers prior to being compressed. As a result, fans have shared "Guitar Hero" versions of the album. MusicRadar and Rolling Stone attribute a quote to the album's mastering engineer Ted Jensen in which he claims that "mixes were already brick-walled before they arrived" for mastering and cite a petition from fans to remix or remaster the album.
Metallica and Rubin initially declined to comment, while the band's co-manager Cliff Burnstein stated that complainers were in a minority and that response to the album had otherwise been "overwhelmingly positive". Ulrich later confirmed in an interview with Blender, that some creative control regarding the album's production had been transferred to Rubin but also stressed his satisfaction with the final product.
In 2015, the album was re-released on iTunes with a new "Mastered for iTunes" mastering which features an improved dynamic range and lack of distortion. Digital downloads from Metallica's official website all use the "Mastered for iTunes" version.
Accolades
Death Magnetic and its songs were nominated for five Grammy Awards at the 51st Grammy Awards on February 8, 2009, including Best Rock Album and Best Rock Instrumental Performance for "Suicide & Redemption", winning Best Metal Performance for "My Apocalypse". Rick Rubin also received the award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical, and art directors Bruce Duckworth, David Turner & Sarah Moffat were awarded Best Recording Package. "The Unforgiven III" was also nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 52nd Grammy Awards. Death Magnetic was awarded Best Album in the 2009 Kerrang! Awards.
At the 2008 Metal Storm Awards, the album won Best Heavy Metal Album and Biggest Surprise.
Commercial performance
Death Magnetic debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200, selling 490,000 copies in just three days of availability. It is the band's fifth consecutive studio album to debut at #1, making Metallica the first band to have five consecutive studio album releases to do so. The album marked the highest first week sales for the group since 1996's Load.
According to the September 27, 2008 issue of Billboard, Death Magnetic landed at #1 on the following ten charts: Billboard 200, Billboard Comprehensive Albums, Top Rock Albums, Top Hard Rock Albums, Top Modern Rock/Alternative Albums, Top Digital Albums, Top Internet Albums, Top European Albums, Tastemakers. "The Day That Never Comes" topped the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The album stayed at #1 for three consecutive weeks on the Billboard 200, and spent 50 consecutive weeks on said chart. Internationally, it peaked at #1 in 34 countries, including Ireland, the UK, Canada and Australia.
In addition, nearly 60,000 copies were sold digitally, making it debut at #1 on the Digital Album chart. The album debuted at #1 on the UK albums chart after three days of availability, selling 75,164 copies. It remained at #1 for two weeks and has sold over 150,000 copies to date. In Canada, Death Magnetic debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart. It sold 81,000 copies in its first week, making it the second best-selling debut album of 2008 in Canada. It remained the #1 album for four consecutive weeks. The album was certified 4x platinum in Canada in October 2009.
In Australia, Death Magnetic was the fastest selling album of 2008, selling 55,877 copies in its first full week of release. Death Magnetic was Australia's highest-selling record in one week since Australian Idol winner Damien Leith's The Winner's Journey, in December 2006. The same success was repeated in Germany, where Death Magnetic has become the fastest selling album of 2008. Within the first three days of the album's release, Death Magnetic sold over 100,000 copies and has been certified platinum. According to reports, Death Magnetic is outselling competitors in Russia and Turkey, two countries which do not have an official album chart.
In Finland, during the second week of January 2009, Death Magnetic jumped eighteen spots back up to #1 on that country's album charts within one week.
Death Magnetic was certified 2x platinum (two million units sold) by the RIAA on June 28, 2010.
Track listing
Deluxe edition
The deluxe edition of the album included a bonus CD titled Demo Magnetic, which consisted of demo versions of the tracks on the album with working titles, and a bonus DVD depicting the making of the album.
Formats
Experience 2
A physical copy of the Death Magnetic CD.
Experience 4
A box set of Death Magnetic on five 180-gram vinyl LP records, with five individual sleeves and a Mission: Metallica lithograph. This set was limited to 5,000 copies; 50 limited-edition copies in white vinyl were also later released.
The Box Magnetic
A collector's edition white coffin-shaped box which includes the deluxe edition of Death Magnetic, along with additional "making of" footage not on the bonus DVD, an exclusive T-shirt with the Death Magnetic logo, a flag, guitar picks, a backstage pass, a fold-out coffin-shaped poster with the members of Metallica and a collector's credit card with a code for a free download of a performance in Europe in September. This set was limited to 2,000 copies.
Personnel
Metallica
James Hetfield – vocals, rhythm guitar, guitar solo on "Suicide & Redemption"
Kirk Hammett – lead guitar
Robert Trujillo – bass
Lars Ulrich – drums
Additional musicians
David Campbell – orchestration on "The Unforgiven III"
Production
Rick Rubin – production
Greg Fidelman – engineering, mixing, recording
Andrew Scheps – mixing
Mike Gillies – additional recording
Ted Jensen – mastering
Dan Monti – digital editing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2008 albums
Metallica albums
Cthulhu Mythos music
Albums produced by Rick Rubin
Vertigo Records albums
Warner Records albums
Albums recorded at Shangri-La (recording studio)
Albums recorded at Sound City Studios |
844112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer%20%28disambiguation%29 | Singer (disambiguation) | A singer is a person who sings.
Singer or Singers may refer also to:
Singer (surname)
Singer Corporation, major manufacturer of sewing machines
Singer Building, in which the Singer Corporation was based in New York City
Singer (dog), a species of wild dog also known as the New Guinea singing dog
Singer (automobile company), a defunct American maker of luxury cars
Singer Motors, a defunct British bicycle, motorcycle and automobile manufacturer
Singer Vehicle Design, a high-end restoration and modification company, founded by Rob Dickinson, and specializing in air-cooled Porsche 911s
Singer (novel), a 2005 young-adult fantasy novel by Jean Thesman
Singer railway station, Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland
Singer (naval mine)
Singers (album), by Mount Eerie
Singer (band), a Chicago musical group featuring members of Lichens/90 Day Men, U.S. Maple & Town & Country
Singer (Hunan Television), a Chinese TV series
Singer (Sri Lanka), Sri Lankan home appliances and consumer electronics retailer and a former subsidiary of Singer Corporation
See also
The Singer (disambiguation)
Singermann |
32193535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amit%20Jogi | Amit Jogi | Amit Jogi (born 7 August 1977) is an Indian politician.
Early life
Jogi is the son of former Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh Ajit Jogi. He was supposedly an Indian citizen by birth, and became a naturalised Indian citizen in July 2004 or 2002. His date and place of birth are unclear due to the fact that he provided documents with contradictory information. However, at a later point, he stated his date of birth to be 7 August 1977, and his place of birth to be Dallas, United States. "I can't help where I was born... I was born in Dallas, USA, in 1977 and I was nationalized by LK Advani in 2002.
Jogi is a 1998 graduate of St. Stephen's College, Delhi, has an MA in Politics and International Studies, from Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, and an LLB from Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (2009).
Career
He became a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) representing Marwahi (Vidhan Sabha Constituency, Chhattisgarh) in 2013 Assembly Elections. He defeated the Bharatiya Janata Party candidate by the highest margin in the state: 46,250 votes.
He was said to have been involved in an operation of bribing Dilip Singh Judeo in 2003. This is per the statement given by Central Bureau of Investigation in Supreme Court of India in 2005
On 23 July 2011, Amit Jogi was attacked by a mob while campaigning for Tanya Solomon, the Indian National Congress (INC) candidate for the Jabera (Vidhan Sabha constituency) by-poll in Madhya Pradesh. Solomon is the daughter of the late Ratnesh Solomon who was a five time MLA from the Jabera constituency, and Ajit Jogi's brother-in-law.
The INC expelled Jogi on 7 January 2017, for six years for indulging in anti-party activities. Jogi later said he would challenge his expulsion as the party is not anybody's bapoti (personal property).
On 2 March 2017, the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly passed a censure motion against Jogi for "unparliamentary" behavior.
Chhattisgarh Janata Congress
Chhattisgarh Janata Congress was founded by Ajit Jogi, after Jogi and his son Amit were expelled from INC for anti-party activities and for sabotaging an Antagarh by-poll elections. Amit was expelled for six years.
Ajit Jogi launched a party in Thathapur village of Kawardha district and directly challenged Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh.
References
Living people
Naturalised citizens of India
Indian National Congress politicians
Members of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly
Chhattisgarh MLAs 2013–2018
Janta Congress Chhattisgarh politicians
1977 births |
102326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansard | Hansard | Hansard is the traditional name of the transcripts of Parliamentary debates in Britain and many Commonwealth countries. It is named after Thomas Curson Hansard (1776–1833), a London printer and publisher, who was the first official printer to the Parliament at Westminster.
Origins
Though the history of the Hansard began in the British parliament, each of Britain's colonies developed a separate and distinctive history. Before 1771, the British Parliament had long been a highly secretive body. The official record of the actions of the House was publicly available, but there was no record of the debates. The publication of remarks made in the House became a breach of Parliamentary privilege, punishable by the two Houses of Parliament. As the populace became interested in parliamentary debates, more independent newspapers began publishing unofficial accounts of them.
The many penalties implemented by the government, including fines, dismissal, imprisonment, and investigations, are reflective of "the difficulties faced by independent newspapermen who took an interest in the development of Upper Canada, and who, in varying degrees, attempted to educate the populace to the shortcomings of their rulers".
Several editors used the device of veiling parliamentary debates as debates of fictitious societies or bodies. The names under which parliamentary debates were published include Proceedings of the Lower Room of the Robin Hood Society and Debates of the Senate of Magna Lilliputia. The Senate of Magna Lilliputia was printed in Edward Cave's The Gentleman's Magazine, which was first published in 1732. The names of the speakers were carefully "filleted"; for example, Sir Robert Walpole was thinly disguised as "Sr. R―t W―le".
In 1771 Brass Crosby, who was Lord Mayor of the City of London, had brought before him a printer by the name of John Miller who dared publish reports of Parliamentary proceedings. He released the man, but was subsequently ordered to appear before the House to explain his actions. Crosby was committed to the Tower of London, but when he was brought to trial, several judges refused to hear the case and after protests from the public, Crosby was released. Parliament ceased to punish the publishing of its debates as harshly, partly due to the campaigns of John Wilkes on behalf of free speech. There then began several attempts to publish reports of debates. Among the early successes, the Parliamentary Register published by John Almon and John Debrett began in 1775 and ran until 1813.
William Cobbett (1763–1835), a noted radical and publisher, began publishing Parliamentary Debates as a supplement to his Political Register in 1802, eventually extending his reach back with the Parliamentary History. Cobbett's avocation for the freedom of the press was severely punished by the British Government. On 5 June 1810 William Cobbett stood trial for seditious libel for an article he wrote against the British Government which was published by Thomas Curson Hansard. Cobbett was found "guilty, upon the fullest and most satisfactory evidence". The court sentence read: "The court do adjudge that you, William Cobbett pay to our Lord the King a fine of £1000; that you be imprisoned in His Majesty's gaol of Newgate for the space of two years, and that at expiration of that time you enter into a recognizance to keep the peace for seven years—yourself in the sum of £3000, and two good and sufficient sureties in the sum of £1000; and further, that you be imprisoned till that recognizance be entered into, and that fine paid". The sentence was described by J. C. Trewin as "vindictive". The Court argued that Thomas Curson Hansard, who had "seen the copy before it was printed, ought not to have suffered it to have been printed at all" and was sentenced to three months imprisonment in the King's Bench Prison.
Cobbett's reports were printed by Thomas Curson Hansard from 1809; in 1812, Cobbett's finances ran asunder and he divested himself of his proprietorship of both the Parliamentary Debates and Parliamentary History, which then "passed into the hands of Hansard in 1812". Cobbett's Parliamentary Debates became Hansard Parliamentary Debates, "abbreviated over time to the now familiar Hansard". From 1829 the name "Hansard" appeared on the title page of each issue. Neither Cobbett nor Hansard ever employed anyone to take down notes of the debates, which were taken from a multiplicity of sources in the morning newspapers. For this reason, early editions of Hansard are not to be absolutely relied upon as a guide to everything discussed in Parliament.
Hansard outlasted competitors including Almon and Debrett, and the later Mirror of Parliament published by J. H. Barrow from 1828 to 1843; Barrow's work was more comprehensive but he checked each speech with the Member and allowed them to "correct" anything they wished they had not said. The last attempt at a commercial rival was The Times which published debates in the 1880s. In 1878 a subsidy was granted to the Hansard press and at that point reporters were employed. Despite hiring contract reporters there were still widespread complaints about the accuracy of the debate reports. In 1889 Henry Hansard, the son of Thomas Hansard, broke the family connection with the debates.
In the United Kingdom
The Hansard of today, a comprehensive account of every speech, began in 1909 when Parliament took over the publication and established its own staff of official Hansard reporters. At the same time the decision was made to publish debates of the two houses in separate volumes, and to change the front cover from orange-red to light blue. A larger page format was introduced with new technology in 1980.
Hansard is not a word-for-word transcript of debates in Parliament. Its terms of reference are those set by a House of Commons select committee in 1893, as being a report which, though not strictly verbatim, is substantially the verbatim report with repetitions and redundancies omitted and with obvious mistakes (including grammatical mistakes) corrected, but which, on the other hand, leaves out nothing that adds to the meaning of the speech or illustrates the argument.
One instance of such an eliminated redundancy involves the calling of MPs to speak in the House of Commons. In that house, the Speaker must call on an MP by name before that member may speak, but Hansard makes no mention of the recognition accorded by the Speaker. Also, Hansard sometimes adds extraneous material to make the remarks less ambiguous. For example, though members refer to each other as "the hon. Member for Constituency Name rather than by name, Hansard adds, in parentheses, the name of the MP being referred to, the first time that MP is referred to in a speech or debate. When an MP simply points at another whose constituency he or she cannot remember, Hansard identifies him or her.
Any interruption to debate will be marked with the word "(Interruption)". This understated phrase covers a variety of situations, ranging from members laughing uproariously to the physical invasion of the chamber. Interjections from seated members, such as heckling during Prime Minister's Questions, are generally only included if the member who is speaking responds to the interjection.
Hansard also publishes written answers – known as written ministerial statements – made by government ministers in response to questions formally posed by members. In 1839, Hansard, by order of the House of Commons, printed and published a report stating that an indecent book published by a Mr. Stockdale was circulating in Newgate Prison. Stockdale sued for defamation but Hansard's defence, that the statement was true, succeeded. On publication of a reprint, Stockdale sued again but Hansard was ordered by the House to plead that he had acted under order of the Commons and was protected by parliamentary privilege. In the resulting case of Stockdale v Hansard, the court found that the house held no privilege to order publication of defamatory material. In consequence, Parliament passed the Parliamentary Papers Act 1840 to establish privilege for publications under the house's authority.
Since 1909—and for important votes before then—Hansard has listed how members have voted in divisions. Furthermore, the proceedings and debates in committee are also published in separate volumes. For many years the House of Commons Hansard did not formally acknowledge the existence of parties in the House, except obliquely, with MPs' references to other MPs of the same party as "hon. Friends", but in 2003 this changed and members' party affiliations are now identified. The Hansard of the House of Lords operates entirely independently of its Commons counterpart, but with similar terms of reference. It covers parliamentary business in the House of Lords chamber itself, as well as the debates in the Moses Room, known as Grand Committee. Parliamentary written answers and statements are also printed. Emma Crewe notes that "Editors view reporters in general as a hive of revolution and anti-establishment attitudes, while they perceive themselves as calm and uncomplaining". The Internet, with the help of volunteers, has made the UK Hansard more accessible. The UK Hansard is currently being digitised to a high-level format for on-line publication. It is possible to review and search the UK Hansard from 1803, with the exception of standing committees.
Because Hansard is treated as accurate, there is a parliamentary convention whereby if a member of Parliament makes an inaccurate statement in Parliament, they must write a correction in the copy of Hansard kept in the House of Commons library.
In 2010 historic copies of Hansard were sent to India in its original volume format and was transformed from the original bound versions into plain text by optical character recognition (OCR) and put on the Internet to enable easy research. In July 2018 this digitised Hansard was vastly improved and merged with the rest of Hansard as previously it was available under two websites and now it is a single website. There are still many 'typos' from the OCR process but readers are encouraged to report them when they are spotted.
Canada
House of Commons
As with the Westminster Hansard, the Canadian version is not strictly verbatim, and is guided by the principle of avoiding "repetitions, redundancies and obvious errors". Unlike the UK House of Commons, members are referred to in the House only by the parliamentary ridings they represent ("The member for Richmond Hill", etc.) or by their cabinet post. Hansard supplies an affiliation the first time each member speaks in the House on a particular day—"Mr. Mathieu Ravignat (Pontiac, NDP)" or "Hon. Lynne Yelich (Minister of State for Western Economic Diversification, CPC)"—and by name only when they rise later to speak.
If interjections give rise to a call for order by the Speaker, they are reported as "Some hon. members: Oh, oh!" The details of the approval or negativing of motions and bills are reported in rather baroque detail:
Translation
Given the bilingual nature of the Canadian federal government, two equivalent Canadian Hansards are maintained, one in French and one in English. This makes it a natural parallel text, and it is often used to train French–English machine translation programs. In addition to being already translated and aligned, the size of the Hansards and the fact that new material is always being added makes it an attractive corpus. However, its usefulness is hindered by the fact that the translations, although accurate in meaning, are not always literally exact.
The Canadian Hansard records make note of the language used by the members of parliament, so as not to misinterpret the words of the person who has the floor. If the member speaks in French, the English Hansard records would state that the member spoke in French and refer the reader to the French Hansard record.
In one instance, during a Liberal filibuster in the Senate of Canada, Senator Philippe Gigantès was accused of reading one of his books only so that he could get the translation for free through the Hansard.
Newfoundland
In Newfoundland the struggle for the free press was much more violent. Henry Winton, editor of Saint John's Ledger, "had his ears cut off and was left unconscious by thugs who had been lying in wait for him after dark". The fate of Winton was to be his printer's as well.
The Authorities, who were not on friendly terms with the Ledger, made little to no effort to apprehend the culprits. In another case, a "Gentleman by the name Parsons", of the Newfoundland Patriot, "was sentenced to three months imprisonment in another incident".
Nova Scotia
As was the case in many early Canadian regions, the newspapers were the first source of the Parliamentary debates. Canada's first newspaper, the Halifax Gazette, was printed on Grafton street in Halifax in 1752. The two most prominent papers in Parliamentary reporting were the Acadian Recorder, founded in 1813 by Anthony Henry Holland, and the Free Press, established in 1816 by Edward Ward. Both newspapers reported the debates of the House of Assembly starting in 1817.
The Family Compact of Nova Scotia, nicknamed "the little compact", "viewed the admission of reporters to the Assembly with disdain" and "were not slow to react whenever they felt the slightest affront". There are many cases which exemplify the "struggle to obtain freedom of the press and parliamentary reportings in the Maritimes" as in the case of William Minns in 1823, who was forced to appear before the bar of the house, and William Milne, who was jailed for not being able to pay his debts.
The Novascotian newspaper would soon become Nova Scotia's most prominent paper after its launch in 1824, which was highly influenced by George Young who was instrumental in its establishment. George Young sought permission from the Assembly to report its debates. Permission was granted, yet he was not provided with very many privileges in the House. They didn't make it easy for him and didn't allow him a seat in the lower deck.
In 1827 Joseph Howe bought the Novascotian from Young. "There was no more powerful an advocate of parliamentary debates than Howe". In 1835 Joseph Howe was "prosecuted over a publication of a letter in the Novascotian". He was charged with libel. This case was infamous and is considered to be a "cornerstone in the establishment of freedom of the press in Canada". Howe, who defended himself in court, was found to be Not Guilty. This is why his case is viewed as a milestone in the development of the free press.
Ontario
No official record of the debates in the provincial Legislature was produced before 1944. The debates were reported in various newspapers; the provincial archives clipped and collected these reports in a series of scrapbooks until 1953. The provincial website now posts Hansard online, with records from March 29, 1977, to current.
Alberta
Alberta adopted a Hansard in 1972. From 1905 to 1971, local newspapers reported on legislative proceedings, and from these articles the Legislature Library has compiled a Scrapbook Hansard, which is available online. News reporters were allowed to take handwritten notes in the Chamber, but they could not make sound recordings, and members of the public were not allowed to take notes.
In 1965 a recording system was installed in the Chamber. Initially the Clerk's office provided transcription only for special events, such as throne speeches, but requests from MLAs for transcripts increased, and by 1971 all House proceedings were being recorded. On March 8, 1972, the government introduced a motion to create Alberta Hansard, and the following day they brought forward a motion allowing audio and video recording in the Chamber and also permitting visitors to the galleries to take notes. Assembly standing orders 115 and 116 set out the rules for broadcast media in the Chamber and at committee meetings, respectively.
Hansard staff verifies the names of individuals and entities mentioned in the House. Like other Hansards, Alberta Hansard follows editorial guidelines established in the 19th century, and transcripts are substantially verbatim. Revisions are limited to "the correction of grammar, spelling and punctuation, ensuring that the correct parliamentary forms are observed, and minimizing superfluous repetition and redundancies, but no material alterations shall be made, nor any amendments that would in any way tend to change the sense of what has been spoken."
Transcripts for Legislative Assembly of Alberta proceedings from 1972 onward are available online, and current issues are usually posted within 12 hours of the day's sitting. A transcript for a regular afternoon Assembly sitting of 4.5 hours contains more than 30,000 words. Also available online are transcripts for meetings of committees of the Legislative Assembly from the 1990s onward, earlier for some committees.
British Columbia
No complete official record of the debates in the British Columbia Legislature was produced until 1972; a partial record was issued beginning in 1970. Unlike the Ottawa Hansard, opposition members and government backbenchers are identified only by initial and last name: "A. Wilkinson". Current cabinet ministers have their names prefaced with "Honourable": "Hon. S. Hagen". Interjections giving rise to a call for order by the Speaker are reported only as "Interjection". Other interjections are reported as spoken if they are clearly audible and if they are responded to in some way by the member who has the floor. While the details of approval or negativing of motions and bills closely parallel the House of Commons, the reporting is simplified to a style line ("Motion approved" or "Motion negatived").
Australia
The Parliament of Australia also keeps record of debates, using the term Hansard. The records are published by the State Law Publisher. The Parliament of South Australia was the first convict free Australian colony to use Hansard; where it became a convention from 1857. The Parliament of Victoria followed the lead of South Australia by introducing the use of Hansard in 1866. The Parliament of New South Wales commenced its Hansard system on 28 October 1879 with the reporting of the Legislative Council at the opening of the Third Session of the Ninth Parliament.
New Zealand
On 9 July 1867 a team of five reporters, led by Chief Reporter C.C.N. Barron, produced the first official report of debates of the New Zealand Parliament. Ever since that day official transcripts of members' speeches in the New Zealand House of Representatives have been continuously published.
Today the New Zealand Hansard is produced by a team of 17 FTE Hansard Editors within the Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. Hansard is published on the New Zealand Parliament website each day the House sits, and later indexed bound volumes are produced.
Speeches are transcribed directly from digital recordings of the debate, with staff present in the debating chamber to monitor the debate by recording the sequence of speakers and any interjections. Interjections are reported only if the member speaking replies to them or remarks on them during the course of his or her speech. Hansard Editors follow strict rules on what changes they can make to the words members use in the chamber. Hansard is as close to verbatim as possible, although Hansard Editors remove repetitions and redundancies and make minor grammatical corrections. Members are provided draft copies of their speeches at the same time that the speeches are first published on the Parliament website. Members can request correction of inadvertent factual inaccuracies but they are unable to significantly change what they said in the House.
List of assemblies using the system
Parliament of the United Kingdom and the UK's devolved institutions
Parliament of Canada and the Canadian provincial and territorial legislatures
Parliament of Australia and the Australian state and territory parliaments
Parliament of South Africa and South Africa's provincial legislatures
Parliament of Barbados
East African Legislative Assembly
New Zealand Parliament
Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Parliament of Malaysia and the Malaysian state legislatures
National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
Parliament of Singapore
Legislative Council of Brunei
Parliament of Sri Lanka
Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago
National Assembly of Kenya
National Assembly of Tanzania
Parliament of Ghana
Parliament of Uganda
Parliament of Mauritius
Parliament of Jamaica
National Assembly of Seychelles
States of Jersey
States of Guernsey
Tynwald, the Parliament of the Isle of Man
National Assembly of Nigeria
National Assembly of Namibia
Parliament of Botswana
Parliament of Zimbabwe
See also
List of British colonial gazettes
Congressional Record, the equivalent for the United States
Court reporter
Fuddle duddle
Hansard Society
Pepper v Hart
TheyWorkForYou
References
External links
Hansard from 1803 to 2005
The records of the House of Lords Official Report (Hansard) are held by the UK Parliamentary Archives
The records of the Parliamentary Register, 1743-1786 are held by the UK Parliamentary Archives
Parliamentary Archives, Hansard Publications and Papers
Transcripts of legislative proceedings
Westminster system |
12122756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldman%20Wood | Oldman Wood | Oldman Wood is a publicly owned forest in Kincardineshire, Scotland.
Crynoch Burn, a tributary of the River Dee, flows through the Oldman Wood.
References
Environment of Kincardine and Deeside
Forests and woodlands of Scotland |
32042012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20Wagner%20Seahawks%20football%20team | 2011 Wagner Seahawks football team | The 2011 Wagner Seahawks football team represented Wagner College in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season as a member of the Northeast Conference (NEC). The Seahawks were led by 31st-year head coach Walt Hameline and played their home games at Wagner College Stadium. Wagner finished the season 4–7 overall and 4–4 in NEC play to tie for fourth place.
Schedule
References
Wagner
Wagner Seahawks football seasons
Wagner Seahawks football |
42334040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20D.%20Harris%20High%20School | A. D. Harris High School | A.D. Harris High School was an alternative high school in Panama City, Florida, United States. The campus has been used as a black high school (during the era of segregation), as an elementary school (Glenwood Elementary School), and as a sixth-grade center. The school closed in 2009, but community efforts towards reopening it were underway in 2013. It was in Bay District Schools.
The 5.1 acre campus is located East 11th Street and Macarthur Avenue. Ownership of the property belongs to the Panama City Community Redevelopment Agency. The school reopened with approximately 234 students from the grades 9 to 12.
References
High schools in Bay County, Florida
Defunct schools in Florida
Historically segregated African-American schools in Florida |
10195484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradets%2C%20Sliven%20Province | Gradets, Sliven Province | Gradets (, "small town") is a village in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Kotel municipality, Sliven Province. It lies at , 380 m above sea level. As of 2005, the mayor is the independent Venko Kavardzhikov, and the population of Gradets is 5,895, which makes it the second most populous village in Bulgaria, after Aydemir, Silistra Province, and the most populous in Bulgarian Thrace.
Gradets is situated in the Eastern Balkan Mountains, along the valley of the Luda Kamchiya. Gradets is characteristic because the vast majority of its residents are Bulgarian Roma (in 2000, 5,500 of 6,000 according to the then-mayor). In the early 20th century, Gradets had only around twenty Roma households, but their number later grew rapidly.
Notable natives include politician Petar Gudev (1862–1932), officer Radko Dimitriev (1859–1918) and Mustafa Shibil, a 19th-century Turkish Muslim Roma brigand who served as Yordan Yovkov's prototype for a hajduk character, as well as possibly the noted socialist Christian Rakovsky (1873–1941).
Gallery
References
Villages in Sliven Province
Romani communities in Bulgaria |
37137358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20NCAA%20Division%20I%20baseball%20rankings | 2008 NCAA Division I baseball rankings | The following polls make up the 2008 NCAA Division I baseball rankings. USA Today and ESPN began publishing the Coaches' Poll of 31 active coaches ranking the top 25 teams in the nation in 1992. Each coach is a member of the American Baseball Coaches Association. Baseball America began publishing its poll of the top 20 teams in college baseball in 1981. Beginning with the 1985 season, it expanded to the top 25. Collegiate Baseball Newspaper published its first human poll of the top 20 teams in college baseball in 1957, and expanded to rank the top 30 teams in 1961.
Legend
USA Today/ESPN Coaches' Poll
Baseball America
Collegiate Baseball
The preseason poll ranked the top 40 teams. Remaining teams not listed above were: 31. 32. Louisiana–Lafayette 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Nebraska 39. 40.
NCBWA
The Preseason poll ranked the top 35 teams. Teams not listed above were: 31. 32. 33. 34. LSU 35.
References
College baseball rankings in the United States |
30873565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20prime%20ministers%20of%20Nepal | List of prime ministers of Nepal | The position of a Prime Minister of Nepal () in modern form was called by different names at different times of Nepalese history. During the reign of the Shah kings, the Mulkajis (Chief Kajis) or Chautariyas served as prime ministers in a council of 4 Chautariyas, 4 Kajis, and sundry officers. These Bharadars (officers) were drawn from high caste and politically influential families such as the Pande, Basnyat, and Thapa families. The nobility of Gorkha was mainly based from Chetri families and they had a strong presence in civil administration affairs. All prime ministers of Nepal between 1768 and 1950 were Chhetris with the exception of Ranga Nath Poudyal, being a Khas Brahmin. Of the 23 men who have been elected since Nepal attained democracy from the Ranas in 1951, 15 have been Khas Brahmin, 3 Thakuri, 2 Newar Shresthas, 2 Chhetri, and 1 Sanyasi/Dasnami. The executive power allocation was fluctuating between Kajis and Chautariyas.
In 1804, a single authoritative position of Mukhtiyar was created by Rana Bahadur Shah which carried the executive powers of nation. Mukhtiyar held the position of head of the executive until the adoption of the title of Prime Minister in November 1843 by Mathabar Singh Thapa who became Mukhtiyar as well as Prime Minister and the Chief of the Nepalese Army. During the Rana dynasty, the position of prime minister was hereditary and the officeholder held additional titles — Maharaja of Lambjang and Kaski, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Nepal and Grand Master of the Royal Orders of Nepal.
After the revolution of 1951, non-aristocratic citizens like Matrika Prasad Koirala held the position of prime minister still under the authority of the King of Nepal. The first general election was held in 1959 and Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala became the first elected prime minister of Nepal. However, he was deposed and imprisoned in the 1960 coup d'état by King Mahendra who went on to establish an oligarchic authoritative regime, the Panchayat system, and Nepal did not have a democratic government until 1990. After the Jana Andolan movement in 1990, the country became a constitutional monarchy. However, this was interrupted with the 2005 coup d'état by King Gyanendra. After the Loktantrik Andolan movement in 2006, the monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the 1st Constituent Assembly and the country was declared a federal parliamentary republic. The current constitution was adopted on 20 September 2015, and the first prime minister under this new constitution was Khagendra Prasad Sharma Oli.
Heads of government of the Kingdom of Nepal (1768–2008)
Before 1800s
Mul-Kajis and Muktiyars during the Shah expansion era and before the Rana era
Prime ministers during the Rana era (1846–1951)
Prime ministers during the Transition era (1951–1960)
Prime ministers during the partyless Panchayat era (1960–1990)
Prime ministers during the Constitutional monarchy (1990–2008)
Prime ministers of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008–present)
Living former prime ministers
As of , there are seven living former prime ministers.
See also
King of Nepal
President of Nepal
Government of Nepal
References
Footnotes
Notes
Books
External links
Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
Nepal
Prime Ministers |
4410150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed%20IV | Mohammed IV | Mohammed IV may refer to:
Mehmed IV Giray (1610–1674), khan of the Crimean Khanate
Mehmed IV (1642–1693), Ottoman sultan
Mohammed IV of Morocco (1802–1873), sultan
Muhammad IV al-Hadi (1855–1906), ruler of Tunisia
See also
Muhammad Imaaduddeen IV (died 1882), sultan of the Maldives |
15637829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Baltisberger | Hans Baltisberger | Hans Baltisberger (born 16 September 1924 - 26 August 1956 Brno) was a German professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer.
Motorcycle racing career
Baltisberger was born in the Betzingen District of Reutlingen, Germany. His father was a doctor, he had three sisters and one brother. His best year was in 1954 when he finished the season in fifth place in the 250cc world championship.
Baltisberger was killed while riding a 250cc NSU motorcycle at the 1956 Czechoslovakian Grand Prix, a non-championship event at the Masaryk Circuit in Brno.
References
1924 births
1956 deaths
People from Reutlingen
German motorcycle racers
125cc World Championship riders
250cc World Championship riders
500cc World Championship riders
Isle of Man TT riders
Motorcycle racers killed while racing
Sport deaths in Czechoslovakia |
43695380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptychopseustis%20eutacta | Ptychopseustis eutacta | Ptychopseustis eutacta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan is about 13 mm. The forewings are whitish-ochreous with some brownish-ochreous suffusion and a paler median area. There are some dark-fuscous scales on the costal edge, as well as a broad dark-fuscous transverse line containing some whitish scales. The hindwings are whitish with a
faint fuscous subterminal line.
References
Cybalomiinae
Moths described in 1908 |
3728155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramon%20Sender | Ramon Sender | Ramón Sender Barayón (born October 29, 1934) is a composer, visual artist and writer. He was the co-founder with Morton Subotnick of the San Francisco Tape Music Center in 1962. He is the son of Spanish writer Ramón J. Sender.
Education
Sender was born in Madrid, Spain, and left the country during the civil war following the Fascist coup there in 1936. He studied piano with George Copeland, harmony with Elliott Carter, and counterpoint and fugue with Harold Shapero (1948–1951). Sender attended the Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia in Rome and Columbia University in New York, where he studied with Henry Cowell. He also studied with Robert Erickson at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music (1959–1962) and at Mills College, where he studied with Darius Milhaud. Sender holds a Bachelor of Music degree from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music and an M.A. from Mills College.
San Francisco Tape Music Center
Sender co-founded the San Francisco Tape Music Center in 1962 with Morton Subotnick and also collaborated with composers and visual artists including Pauline Oliveros, Tony Martin, Joseph Byrd, Terry Riley, William Maginnis, and many others until 1966 when the Center was incorporated into Mills College. It was later named the Mills Center for Contemporary Music and continues to function today.
Sender participated with Don Buchla and Morton Subotnick in the design of the Buchla Box, one of the first music synthesizers.
Morningstar and Wheeler Ranches
In January 1966, he co-produced the Trips Festival with Ken Kesey and Stewart Brand. It was a three-day event that, in conjunction with The Merry Pranksters, brought together the nascent hippie movement for the first time.
In April 1966, Sender became the first resident at Lou Gottlieb's Morning Star Ranch (Sender has, at times, referred to himself as Ramon Sender Morningstar) open land commune, which evolved into a Digger Farm / open land commune in 1967. After the residents' homes were bulldozed by Sonoma County authorities three times, he moved into the Wheeler Ranch in Occidental, California. Currently both properties have reverted to private ownership. Sender continued living and working in the area until 1980 when he returned to San Francisco. As "His Imperial Nothingness, Zero the Clown," he has continued appearing in the annual Occidental Fools Parade.
One of the residents at Wheeler at Ranch was Alicia Bay Laurel, a visual artist, author and singer-songwriter known for her 1970 best-seller Living on the Earth. He collaborated with her on another book, Being of the Sun, which contains information about homemade music, drones, modes, and open tunings as a means of spiritual growth, as well as information about yoga, creating ritual, and forming intentional communities. In 1973, Sender made a reel-to-reel recording of himself and Laurel performing songs, chants and improvisations from the book, which Laurel released in 2013 as a CD on her record label, Indigo With Stars, titled Songs from Being of the Sun.
During the late 1970s, Sender was one of the founding members of The Occidental Community Choir (the nearest town to the Wheeler Ranch commune), for whom he wrote original music and shared his skills as a choral arranger. The choir's rendition of Sender's arrangement of Laurel's song, "In the Morning" appears on her CD, Music from Living on the Earth.
In 2006, stage producer, arranger and bassist Nicholas Alva created a musical based on the story of the open land communes Morningstar and Wheeler Ranch, including songs by Sender. In 2020 the music and dialogue were recorded and released as an ebook.
Sender co-curated "The Hippies," an exhibition re-telling in written narration, photography, art and memorabilia, the history of the west Sonoma County Open Land communes, at the West County Museum in Sebastopol, California (part of the Sonoma County Historical Society.) Running from October 30, 2016 to March 5, 2017, it was the most popular exhibition ever at the West County Museum.
Later Years in San Francisco
In 1980, Sender returned to San Francisco where he married his long-time friend Judith Levy-Sender, who taught in the San Francisco School District for thirty years. A poet and self-taught artist, he helped her publish two books of poems and artwork, the last titled "Transitions Visible and Invisible." Collaborating with her, they founded the Odd Mondays speaker series that they ran for eighteen years before turning it over to a new producer.
Sender is also a visual artist whose visual works are sampled on his web site and in a 2009 book, Barayon, a Catalog of Prints, Drawings, Original Art. The book is based on a one-man show at the Gallery Sanchez in 2008.
After the death of Sender's daughter Xaverie in 1989, he founded the Peregrine Foundation (for people "living in or exiting from experimental social groups"). He was the administrator of the foundation until 1999 and published four full-length autobiographies of women who had left the Bruderhof community in a series titled "Women from Utopia."
Sender identifies himself as a "transcendental, post-monotheist hippie pagan sun worshipper, with one foot planted in the nondual teaching of Julie Henderson and the other in the Archaic Revival culture".
In 2018, Spanish documentary filmmaker Luis Olano released Sender Barayón Un Viaje Hacia La Luz (A Trip into the Light), a film about the life and works of Ramón Sender Barayón, including interviews with Sender at his home in San Francisco, archival photos and footage, and recordings of Sender's music. The film has English subtitles whenever Spanish is spoken, and Spanish subtitles whenever English is spoken, and has been screened in the USA and in Spain. Link to the film's trailer:"
Ramón Sender Barayón has four children: Xaverie Rhodes (deceased), Jonathan Sender, Andrés Sender and Sol Sender, four grandchildren: Gareth Rhodes, Dorie McKernan, David Sender, Rafael Sender, and Oliver Benjamin Sender, and two great-grandchildren: Claire McKernan and Garrett McKernan.
Writings
To distinguish himself from his father Ramón J. Sender, a well-known Spanish novelist, he uses the Spanish-style name Ramón Sender Barayón. This is also to honor his late mother Amparo Barayón.
Sender's novel Zero Weather was published in 1980. He has several other unpublished manuscripts and some of his short stories are published on the internet.
In 1989, Sender published A Death in Zamora, a book investigating the execution of his mother by Franco's forces during the Spanish Civil War. The book has been recognized not only as a valuable record of the Spanish Civil War, but as a historical account of early feminism and rebellion against patriarchy in Spain, of which his mother, Amparo Barayón, was a pioneer. An updated edition (2018), based on the Spanish Post-Metropolis Editorial 2017 edition, contains essays by renowned Spanish Civil War historians Paul Preston, Helen Graham and Francisco Espinosa Maestre. His cousin Medcedes Esteban Maes-Kemp assisted as translator.
Recently, he published an anthology of his short stories and essays, titled A Planetary Sojourn. He also wrote a novel based on his experiences at the Tape Music Center, entitled Naked Close Up, which was published in 2012 as an ebook by Intelligent Arts Publishing, a project of The Electronic Music Foundation in Albany, New York.
Music
"Donkey Gruntler Serenade", audience participation on Donkey Gruntlers with pre-recorded tape – 2003 live quartet performance by Luciano Chessa and friends
"Aidan's Gamelan (in memory of Lou Harrison)", audience participation on tuned water drums with pre-recorded tape – 2003
"Seashore Snake Sizzle," audience participation on rattles with pre-recorded tape – 2003
"Audition" for two open-tuned autoharps and dalruba – 1982
"Great-Grandpa Lemuel's Death-Rattle What-In-Tarnation Reincarnation Blues", dixieland band, accordion, tape – 1981
"A Tewa Prayer", mixed chorus – 1978
"I Have a Dream", mixed chorus – 1978
Loopy Gamelan "Oh 'C' Can You Say", for Oakland Children's Chorus – 1976
Loopy Gamelans on 'A' and 'B' for four performers – 1976
"64 I Ching Chants" (instructions) – 1976
"Outdoor Music for four Open-tuned Autoharps" – 1970
"Enoughing," tape – 1968; "Ushas", tape – 1968; "Xmas Me", tape – 1968
"In the Garden", clarinet, viola, projections and tape – 1965
"Desert Ambulance", amplified accordion, voice, 3-track tape, projections – 1964
"Balances", amplified str qt (with db) – 1964
"Tropical Fish Opera", four instruments – 1962
"Time Fields", sextet – 1962 (Pacifica Directors Award, 1963)
"Traversals", tape – 1961
"Kronos", tape composition (approx 15 minutes) – 1962
"Kore", tape – 1961
"Four Sanskrit Hymns", four singers, four cellos, double bass, harp, piano, celesta, three percussionists, tape – 1961
Recordings
Various works included on the DVD published with the book in David Bernstein's The San Francisco Tape Music Center: 1960s counterculture and the avant-garde, (2008, University of California Press)
Desert Ambulance (2005, Locust 70)
Worldfood (2004, Locust 55)
Music from Mills, an anthology which contains a short excerpt from his "Audition" (1986, Mills MC 001)
Songs from Being of the Sun remastered archival (1973) reel-to-reel recordings of Ramón Sender Barayón and Alicia Bay Laurel performing songs, chants and improvisations from their book, Being of the Sun. (Indigo With Stars, 2013)
Books
Home Free Home - a History of Morning Star and Wheeler Communes (2018)
Morning Star and Wheeler's Open Land Communes - A Brief Run-Through (2018)
Naked Close Up (2012)
Planetary Sojourn (2010)
Catalog of Prints, Drawings, Original Art (2009)
A Death in Zamora (1989) New edition (2019)
The Guide to Everwhere (1988), sample on the Apple Learning Disc, a hypertext CD-ROM
Being of the Sun (1973) with Alicia Bay Laurel
Zero Weather (1980)
Zero Summer (1984)
The Morning Star Scrapbook (1976)
References
External links
Personal web site
Peregrine Foundation
San Francisco Conservatory of Music Oral History Interview with Ramon Sender
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
American artists
1934 births
Living people
Pupils of Robert Erickson
Pupils of Darius Milhaud
American male writers
21st-century American composers
People from Occidental, California
20th-century American composers |
2618531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20William%20Dyson%20Perrins | Charles William Dyson Perrins | Charles William Dyson Perrins FRAS (25 May 1864 – 29 January 1958) was an English businessman, bibliophile and philanthropist. He was born in Claines, near Worcester, the son of James Dyson Perrins, the owner of the Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce factory and the grandson of William Perrins, co-originator of the Lea & Perrins secret recipe.
Biography
He was educated at Charterhouse School and The Queen's College, Oxford, and then served in the Highland Light Infantry. After the death of his father, he took over management of Lea & Perrins. His father had also been a director of Royal Worcester Porcelain Factory, and Charles followed him, becoming a director in 1891. He became chairman in 1901, and supported the factory financially. He bought the company outright in 1934 and ensured its continuity from his own fortune, until it could be taken public in 1954.
In 1927, he purchased the Royal Worcester Porcelain Factory's historic ceramics collection for a price above market value, to assist the firm's cashflow. In 1946, he established the Perrins Trust to unite the factory museum collection and his own private holdings of Royal Worcester and ensure their survival. After his death, his widow established the "Dyson Perrins Museum" at the factory site to house the collection. It is now called "The Museum of Royal Worcester" (previously "Worcester Porcelain Museum").
Perrins lived in Malvern for most of his life and amongst his many charitable deeds in Worcestershire was the endowment of Dyson Perrins Church of England Academy in Malvern. He served as Mayor of Worcester for 1897–98 and as High Sheriff of Worcestershire for 1899–1900.
He was a major benefactor of the Royal Grammar School, Worcester, and endowed new buildings including Perrins Hall (1914) named after his father, an old boy. The school organ is in this building and is played regularly at assemblies. He became a Six Master and chairman of the governors of that school until the 1950s. His portrait by A. Hacker c. 1907 hangs in the hall.
In Oxford, he funded the building of the Dyson Perrins Laboratory, which was the main centre for research into organic chemistry at Oxford University from its foundation in 1916 until its retirement as a laboratory in 2003. He received an honorary DCL from Oxford University.
During Perrins's life he amassed one of the most important book collections in the world, particularly strong in medieval illuminated manuscripts and printed ballads. To help finance and re-establish the Royal Worcester factory after World War II, he decided to sell his important collection of early printed books, and they were mostly dispersed in a series of sales at Sotheby's in London in 1946 and 1947. His illuminated manuscripts and other remaining printed books were sold after his death in three major auction sales in 1958 to 1960. A record total for a single collection of £1,100,000 was raised by these sales. Items once owned by C. W. Dyson Perrins now form the basis of many other prominent collections, such as the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection now in the Library of Congress.
Many other items from his collection were given or bequeathed by him to public institutions such as the Victoria and Albert Museum, the National Gallery, the Ashmolean Museum, Winchester Cathedral library, and the British Museum. For example, his Mughal manuscript the Emperor Akbar's Khamsa of Nizami is now in the British Library and Palestrina by J. M. W. Turner is in the National Gallery.
Family
Perrins married:
Catherine Christina Gregory at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh in October 1889. They had five children. Catherine died at Davenham, the family home, on 31 January 1922, and was buried at the Municipal cemetery, Great Malvern.
Florence Winifred Midwood Milne (known as Frieda) at St John, Chelsea on 6 September 1923. She died on 28 December 1968.
Charles William Dyson Perrins died at Davenham on 29 January 1958, and was buried at Great Malvern.
References
Sources
External links
The Museum of Worcester Porcelain
Manuscript known as the "Dyson Perrins Apocalypse" at the Getty Museum
Claines, Birthplace of Dyson Perrins
1864 births
1958 deaths
People from Malvern, Worcestershire
People educated at Charterhouse School
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
English businesspeople
English philanthropists
English book and manuscript collectors
Mayors of places in Worcestershire
English art collectors
High Sheriffs of Worcestershire
History of Worcester, England |
22531622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didymocrea | Didymocrea | Didymocrea is a genus of fungi in the family Zopfiaceae; according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the placement in this family is uncertain. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Didymocrea sadasivanii.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
Pleosporales
Monotypic Dothideomycetes genera |
1875925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean%20Method%20of%20Memorization | Pythagorean Method of Memorization | Pythagorean Method of Memorization (PYMOM), also known as Triangular Movement Cycle (TMC), is a game-based, educational methodology or associative-learning technique that primarily uses corresponding information, such as terms and definitions on opposing sides, displayed on cue cards, to exploit psychological retention of information for academic study and language acquisition. PYMOM is named such because of the shape the cue-cards form during the progression of the game, a right-angled or Pythagorean triangle.
It is a theoretical educational method that is made up of several established and tested educational methods that have been in use for decades.
Methodology
PYMOM is a composite body of techniques that claims, in its digital form, to incorporate (to a greater or lesser degree): spaced repetition, non-failure redundant subroutine, chromatics, positive reinforcement, the Von Restorff effect, picture association, selective musical tonality, kinesthetics, the serial-position effect and meditation. There are two branches of this methodology:
the historical, physical incarnation, the Triangular Movement Cycle and
the digitized version, incorporating the significant addition of the aforementioned educational methods and theories, Pythagorean Method of Memorization.
Process & application
As with both branches, there is only one variable in the game or learning method: a correct or incorrect answer. The initial movement cycle also remains largely unchanged.
The movement cycle which is most crucial to the methodology and reinforces the spaced repetition, begins with either 3, 4 or 5 cards; 3 cards for a 6-card session, 4 cards for a 10-card session and 5 cards for the most advanced 15-card session. Because two-sided associative cue-cards are being used, all cards are presented with a congruent side up, either all "terms" or "definitions," not mixed.
Once cards have been answered correctly, the predominant row has reached its maximum and a card must be graduated out of this row to continue the game. Thus the card to the far right comes into play. Routines are repeated as each row reaches its maximum. A cue-card is finally eliminated from the game session by being answered correctly once more, after it has graduated to the top tier or row.
Triangular Movement Cycle
The first manifestation, referred to as the "Triangular Movement Cycle" or TMC, was a simple paper-based learning technique that was primarily a manual movement cycle using physical cue-cards, which allowed for manual-spaced repetition to elicit psychological retention of information. Its origins, however, are not very clear. Using TMC, teachers would move the cards for the student in a one-on-one setting according to either the correct or incorrect feedback from the student. This presented challenges for the teacher or tutor using this method. The first challenge lies in the fact that, although TMC lent itself well to a two-party learning group (i.e. teacher & student), it could also be done by the student themselves on their own. It was a very easy system to utilize once learned, however, it was found exceptionally difficult to teach the complex movement cycle and principles behind such to students, especially where a linguistic barrier was present. The second challenge lay in that the educator needed to create and remember innumerable cue-cards or create custom master lists in order to know the correct answers — and properly guide the student, thus progressing or digressing the card in play. TMC often failed to keep the attention of many students owing to the fact that cards were not very visually appealing. To make them so required tremendous effort — and was very time consuming.
The term "Pythagorean Method of Memorization" was coined in 2013 and officially copyrighted in October 2014 by a Canadian company named You Learn Educational Solutions & Linguistics Inc. PYMOM takes the movement cycle from TMC and remedied the challenge of teaching the movement cycle itself to students by providing a software-based solution to handling cycles by means of sub-routines prompted by the user’s input.
PYMOM wove established educational theory into the fabric of TMC to create a viable educational platform for academic and linguistic study by several means. Because spaced repetition is intrinsically part of the movement-cycle subroutines, it adds to the content and surrounding experience making it into a platform. The developers of PYMOM describe it as an “organic learning experience.” The tenets that truly allow a learning system to be a PYMOM-based system are enumerated thusly: The Von Restorff effect: for example, where it features a language, this method is employed to further aid in memory retention of the highlighted word in the phrase.
Chromatics: there are no white backgrounds where learning takes place.
Positive Reinforcement: There are no truly "wrong" responses, only mistakes. These mistakes are greeted by neutral reinforcement and "correct" responses are rewarded with positive reinforcement.
Picture Association: Visual aids should accompany concept-based material.
Selective Musical Tonality: the learning experience should always incorporate music; generally instrumental, that aids learning by increasing focus and reducing stress (which inhibits learning).
Kinesthetics: whether by utilizing a touch-screen, key board or mouse, a level of physical movement should always be present while learning to further increase retention.
The Serial Position Effect: taking breaks at specific, regular intervals to aid in learning and reduce stress levels.
Meditation: a session of meditation should be incorporated into every learning session to allow for further retention of the information.
References
Learning methods
Cognitive training |
56113860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanne%20Leonard | Joanne Leonard | Joanne Leonard is an American photographer, photo collage artist, and feminist based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Her work has been included in major art history textbooks and has been shown internationally in galleries and museums.
Early life
Joanne Leonard was born in Los Angeles in 1940 to P. Alfred Leonard, originally of Mannheim, Germany, and Marjorie Rosenfeld Leonard. She has a twin sister, Eleanor (Rubin), who is also an artist, and a younger sister, Barbara (Handelman). She received a B.A. in Social Science from the University of California in 1962. As infants, she and her twin sister were cast as a baby in The Lady Is Willing starring Marlene Dietrich.
Career
Leonard is known for her photographs and photo collages depicting private moments and personal struggles from women's lives once considered either taboo or unimportant. Her work struck a chord with the art world in the later part of the 20th century, and she was one of the few female artists to be featured in the 3rd edition of H.W. Janson’s History of Art. Her photograph, Julia and the Window of Vulnerability was chosen to illustrate the opening of the chapter, "The Modern World" in the 1991 edition of Gardner's Art Through the Ages.
She was an official photographer for the 1972 Winter Olympics.
She taught art and interdisciplinary courses at the University of Michigan’s Penny W. Stamps School of Art & Design and now holds the title of Diane M. Kirkpatrick and Griselda Pollock Distinguished University Professor Emerita. She has one daughter, Julia.
Collections
Leonard's work is held by major collections, including the University of Michigan Museum of Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art., and the International Center of Photography in New York City. The Museum of Modern Art in New York holds 62 of her photographs, all of which are digitized and available on their website.
Bibliography
Further reading
References
1940 births
American women photographers
Living people
20th-century American photographers
University of Michigan faculty
20th-century women photographers
University of California alumni
20th-century American women artists
American women academics
21st-century American women |
21634297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molodyozhny%2C%20Moscow%20Oblast | Molodyozhny, Moscow Oblast | Molodyozhny (), formerly known as Naro-Fominsk-5 () is a closed urban locality (a settlement) in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population:
Geography and transportation
It is surrounded by the territory of Naro-Fominsky District of Moscow Oblast. There is an automobile road to the village of Ateptsevo.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the closed administrative-territorial formation of Molodyozhny—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the closed administrative-territorial formation of Molodyozhny is incorporated as Molodyozhny Urban Okrug.
Military
It is used by the Strategic Missile Troops of Russia.
References
Notes
Sources
Urban-type settlements in Moscow Oblast
Closed cities |
54521992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20Home%20Run%20Derby | 2018 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby | The 2018 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby was a home run hitting contest between eight batters from Major League Baseball (MLB). The derby was held on July 16, 2018, at Nationals Park in Washington, D.C., the site of the 2018 MLB All-Star Game. On July 11, the participants were announced. Bryce Harper was the winner, as he beat Kyle Schwarber, in the final 19–18, winning the derby in front of his hometown crowd. He tied Schwarber on the last pitch as time expired in regulation; then won it with 16 seconds left in bonus time.
Rules
Eight players participate in the derby in a bracket-style, single-elimination timed event. Each player has four minutes to hit as many home runs as possible. Hitters are awarded an additional 30 seconds if they hit two home runs over . Hitters are also allowed one 45 second timeout to stop the clock (two in the finals). Homers hit off a T-Mobile Ball during the final minute result in a $10,000 donation to charity by T-Mobile & MLB, to Team Rubicon.
The eight competing players are seeded 1-8 based on their home run totals. While the lower seed hits first, the higher seed hits second in all rounds. The round ends if the higher seed exceeds the total of the first hitter. In the event of a tie, three sets of tiebreakers are employed: first, a 90-second swing-off (with no timeouts nor bonus time awarded); second, each player gets three swings; whoever hits more home runs in the three swings will be declared the winner; thereafter, sudden death swings will occur until the tie is broken.
Bracket
References
2018
Major League Baseball Home Run Derby, 2018
Baseball in Washington, D.C.
Major League Baseball Home Run Derby |
27999242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20N.%20Turner | George N. Turner | George N. Turner was the 23rd Chief of Police for the City of Atlanta, Georgia. Turner assumed the position as interim chief on January 4, 2010, having been appointed by newly inaugurated Mayor Kasim Reed, due to the resignation of Richard Pennington shortly after the Atlanta Eagle police raid. Turner became the permanent Police Chief on July 9, 2010.
Turner began his career with the Atlanta Police Department in 1981.
In December 2016, Turner announced his retirement. Mayor Reed chose Deputy Chief, Erika Shields as Turner's successor. Shields became chief on December 28, 2016.
Education
Turner was educated in the Atlanta Public School System. He holds a bachelor's degree from Saint Leo University and a Master of Public Administration degree from Columbus State University.
References
Strategic Move: CSU Master’s Degree Equips Atlanta Police Chief
American police chiefs
Living people
People from Atlanta
Atlanta Police Department officers
Saint Leo University alumni
Columbus State University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
58716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf%20of%20Aden | Gulf of Aden | The Gulf of Aden (, 𐒅𐒖𐒐𐒕𐒌 𐒋𐒖𐒆𐒗𐒒) is a deepwater gulf between Yemen to the north, the Arabian Sea to the east, Djibouti to the west, and the Guardafui Channel, Socotra (Yemen), Somaliland and Somalia to the south. In the northwest, it connects with the Red Sea through the Bab-el-Mandeb strait, and it connects with the Arabian Sea to the east. To the west, it narrows into the Gulf of Tadjoura in Djibouti.
The ancient Greeks regarded the gulf as one of the most important parts of the Erythraean Sea. It later came to be dominated by Muslims, as the area around the gulf converted to Islam. From the late 1960s onwards, there started to be an increased Soviet naval presence in the Gulf. The importance of the Gulf of Aden declined when the Suez Canal was closed, but it was revitalized when the canal was reopened in 1975, after being deepened and widened by the Egyptian government.
The waterway is part of the important Suez Canal shipping route between the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Sea in the Indian Ocean, with 21,000 ships crossing the gulf annually. This route is often used for the delivery of Persian Gulf oil, making the gulf an integral waterway in the world economy. Important cities along the Gulf of Aden include the namesake Aden in Yemen. Other Yemeni cities are Zinjibar, Shuqrah, Ahwar, Balhaf, Mukalla. On the Horn African side, the cities of Djibouti, and Bosaso.
Despite a lack of large-scale commercial fishing facilities, the coastline supports many isolated fishing towns and villages. The Gulf of Aden is richly supplied with fish, turtles, and lobsters. Local fishing takes place close to the shore; sardines, tuna, kingfish, and mackerel make up the bulk of the annual catches. Crayfish and sharks are also fished locally.
Historical Names
In antiquity, the modern-day Gulf of Aden was seen as an extension of the Erythraean Sea (Red Sea) , Erythrà Thálassa in Ancient Greek geography. The Greeks named several islands within the gulf, including Stratonis Insula, although it is no longer clear which existing islands had which Greek names.
In Abu'l-Fida's, A Sketch of the Countries (), the present-day Gulf of Aden was called the Gulf of Berbera, which shows how important Berbera was in both regional and international trade during the medieval period.
Legendary navigator Ibn Majid referred to the Gulf of Aden as the Gulf of Berbera in his 15th century magnum opus The Book of the Benefits of the Principles and Foundations of Seamanship. In his description of the Somali coast and wider Indian Ocean he used the then contemporary reference to the Gulf as being named after Berbera like Abu'l-Fida before him. Berbera has been a prominent port since antiquity
Geography
Limits
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Gulf of Aden as follows:
On the west – The southern limit of the Red Sea [A line joining Hisn Murad () and Ras Siyyan ()].
On the west – The eastern limit of the Gulf of Tadjoura (A line joining Obock and Lawyacado).
On the East – The Arabian Sea.
Hydrography
The temperature of the Gulf of Aden varies between and , depending on the season and the appearance of monsoons. The salinity of the gulf at depth varies from 35.3 ‰ along the eastern Somali coast to as high as 37.3 ‰ in the gulf's center, while the oxygen content in the Gulf of Aden at the same depth is typically between 4.0 and 5.0 mg/L.
Exclusive economic zone
Exclusive economic zones in Gulf of Aden:
Economy
The Gulf of Aden is a vital waterway for shipping, especially for Persian Gulf oil, making it an integral waterway in the world economy. Approximately 11% of the world's seaborne petroleum passes through the Gulf of Aden on its way to the Suez Canal or to regional refineries. The main ports along the gulf are Aden, Balhaf, Bir Ali, Mukalla, and Shokra in Yemen; Djibouti City in Djibouti; Zeila, Berbera, Maydh and Las Khorey in Somaliland and Bosaso in Somalia.
In antiquity, the gulf was a thriving area of international trade between Ptolemaic Egypt and Rome in the west and Classical India, its Indonesian colonies, and Han China in the east. It was not limited to transshipment, as Yemeni incense, tortoiseshell, and other goods were in high demand in both directions. After Egyptian sailors discovered the monsoon winds and began to trade directly with India, caravan routes and their associated kingdoms began to collapse, leading to a rise in piracy in the area. The 1st-century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea documents one Egyptian captain's experiences during this era.
After the collapse of the Roman economy, direct trade ceased but the Awsan I port Crater, located just south of the modern city of Aden, remained an important regional center. In late antiquity and the early medieval period, there were several invasions of Yemen from Ethiopia; after the rise of Islam, the gulf permitted repeated migrations of northwest Africa by Arab settlers.
In the late 2000s, the gulf evolved into a hub of pirate activity. By 2013, attacks in the waters had steadily declined due to active private security and international navy patrols. India receives US$50 billion in imports and sends US$60 billion in exports through this area annually. Due to this, and for the sake of protecting the trade of other countries, India keeps a warship escort in this area.
Ecology
A geologically young body of water, the Gulf of Aden has a unique biodiversity that contains many varieties of fish, coral, seabirds and invertebrates. This rich ecological diversity has benefited from a relative lack of pollution during the history of human habitation around the gulf. However, environmental groups fear that the lack of a coordinated effort to control pollution may jeopardize the gulf's ecosphere. Whales, dolphins, and dugongs were once common before being severely reduced by commercial hunts, including by mass illegal hunts by Soviet Union and Japan in 1960s to 70s. Critically endangered Arabian humpback whales were once seen in large numbers, but only a few large whales still appear in the gulf waters, including Bryde's whales, blue whales, and toothed whales inhabiting deep-seas such as sperm whales and tropical bottlenose whales.
See also
Maritime Security Patrol Area
International fleet of vessels in the Gulf of Aden
References
Further reading
External links
Space Station photograph of the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa
Bodies of water of Somalia
Bodies of water of Yemen
Great Rift Valley
Bodies of water of the Arabian Sea
Piracy by body of water
Aden
Bodies of water of the Red Sea
Bodies of water of Djibouti
Gulfs of Africa
Western Indo-Pacific |
27588536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%20Eastern%20University | Far Eastern University | Far Eastern University (Filipino: Pamantasan ng Dulong Silangan), also known simply as FEU, is a private research university in Manila, Philippines. Created by the merger of Far Eastern College and the Institute of Accounts, Business, and Finance, FEU became a university in 1934 under the guidance of its first president, Nicanor Reyes Sr.
The first accountancy and business school for Filipinos, the university, through the years, has expanded its course offerings to the arts and sciences, architecture, fine arts, education, engineering, computer studies, graduate studies, tourism and hotel management, law, nursing, and medicine. FEU has five campuses located in Metro Manila and Cavite. It offers programs from elementary, secondary, tertiary, to graduate school.
FEU Manila comprises several Institutes that offer specific programs. The accountancy program, along with its other undergraduate programs, have received the highest Level IV accreditation from the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA). The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has also granted it as a Center of Development in Business Administration and a Center of Excellence for Teacher Education.
Since its establishment in 1928, FEU has produced national artists, business tycoons, ambassadors, justices of the Supreme Court and other judicial bodies, technocrats in private and government sectors, finance wizards, acclaimed physicians, nurses, educators, theater and media luminaries and so many others in different fields of expertise.
History
The Far Eastern University was founded in November 1933 when the Far Eastern College and the Institute of Accounts, Business, and Finance (IABF) merged. Far Eastern College, founded in 1919 by Vicente K. Fabella (the first Filipino CPA), Nicanor Maronilla-Seva, Francisco Africa, Pedro Cortez, and Salvador Unson, had been a liberal arts college in Quiapo; while the IABF had been established (originally under the name Institute of Accountancy) by Francisco Dalupan Sr. and Nicanor Reyes Sr., then head of the Department of Economics at the University of the Philippines, with a number of other prominent educators in 1928. IABF had been originally predominately used by night students, and the new University, which was supported by the tuition provided by its students rather than government grants, soon demonstrated that a private university was financially sustainable in the Philippines.
In the early 1930s, FEU was housed in a converted tobacco factory (La Oriente Fabrica de Tabacos y Compania; boundary of Quiapo and Sampaloc district lots) already present on the property lot owned by Sulucan Hill subdivision. Due to the widening of the street that became Quezon Blvd., the original building designed and built by Architect Pablo Antonio Sr. (National Artist for Architecture) was demolished and had to be rebuilt on a bigger scale on what is the present campus of FEU.
In 1934, the Institute of Law was founded. Two years later, the Institute of Technology was founded, with Fransisco Santana its first dean. In April 1938, the FEU Junior College was opened in Lingayen, Pangasinan.
Nicanor Reyes Sr. was the first founding president of the university, which spent its early years establishing several of its institutes, including those of Law and Technology. Reyes Sr. commissioned Architect Pablo S. Antonio Sr., his brother in law and husband of his sister Marina del Rosario Reyes-Antonio, who would later be titled as National Artist under the National Artist of the Philippines awards, to construct the main building for the school. In 1939, the Nicanor B. Reyes Sr. Hall, which would later house the main library at third level and Institute of Accounts, Business and Finance, opened. Two other buildings by Antonio, the Girls’ High School Building and Boys High School Building, followed in 1940 and 1941, by which year FEU had 10,000 registered students, with an international student population of 400. Then Philippine President Manuel L. Quezon hailed and called FEU "the best non-sectarian institution in the country."
In 1941, FEU also had the first ROTC quartermaster and ROTC finance units in the Philippines. During the American colonial period FEU ROTC was notable for having the first Coastal Artillery unit in the Philippines. During World War II, FEU cadets fought in Bataan with the Second Infantry Division. FEU constituted the majority of cadets who received armor training. These cadets were trained to operate the American M5 light tank. At the time that the FEU's coast artillery unit was formed, the Philippine Army's Coast Artillery was equipped with the 155mm GPF gun. During the Philippine–American War, the Philippine coast artillery had one 150mm Ordóñez gun. It is said that of all the Philippine colleges whose students and alumni volunteered for military service at the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, FEU men formed the greatest number.
In 1942, the Far Eastern University campus was used as a multi-functional facility by the Imperial Japanese Army Transportation Corps. It was later used as the Prisoner of War Bureau for the Japanese Army.
During World War II, the campus was occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army as their base. The main building sustained bullet damage while the other three buildings (Girls High, Boys High, and the old Technology Building) did not.
Nicanor B. Reyes Sr. having been killed during the Japanese occupation, Hermengildo B. Reyes was appointed the second president of the university when it reopened in 1945.
The university was re-opened in October 1945 despite the use of most of its facilities by the American forces until their departure in May 1946, the post-liberation years saw the renaissance of FEU with its massive expansion of facilities aimed at meeting the demands of modern and relevant education in the country and the increasing student population. FEU was once named as the “Largest University in Asia”, in the early 1950s when its enrollment passed near 50,000 students.
Thereafter, FEU continued to expand, with the opening of the Science Building and the establishment of the Institute of Medicine and the School of Nursing. In 1955, the FEU Hospital was inaugurated. Humanities were introduced in 1959, and in 1970 the Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts opened. Also in 1970, the for-profit status of the Institute of Medicine, School of Medical Technology, FEU Hospital and the Student Health Service Clinic was altered, when these were converted into the Far Eastern University – Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, a non-stock, non-profit educational foundation.
In 1989, Nicanor Reyes Jr. introduced substantial revitalization to FEU that took place over a number of years, with renovation and modernization of facilities and grounds and upgrading of the university's educational standard. This resulted in the accreditation of the Institute of Arts and Sciences, the Institute of Education, and the Institute of Accounts, Business and Finance, and, in the mid-1990s, the deregulation of the university by the Commission on Higher Education. The auditorium was upgraded to accommodate modern stage productions and the new twice-monthly presentations by local and international artists established by the President's Committee on Culture. The university also prioritized publication, launching a number of scholarly journals, and began networking with other institutions nationally and abroad.
After careful study of the technology program, the administration in 1992 decided to phase it out in favor of a computer technology program forged with the East Asia Computer Center, Inc. which offered degrees in computer science and certificate courses.
In 2010, FEU established the Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management and the FEU Makati campus, which started its operations by June of the same year. FEU Makati offer master's degree program in Business Administration and Baccalaureate programs in Accountancy, Accounting Technology, Information Technology and Business Administration.
Corporate
The Far Eastern University, Incorporated () is a domestic non-sectarian educational institution founded in June 1928 and was registered and incorporated with the Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 1933. On October 27, 1983, the university extended its corporate life to another 50 years. The university became a listed corporation in the PSE on July 11, 1986. It has been noted as the leading proprietary university in the Philippines.
The company operates through three segments: education, real estate and investment activities. Its geographical segments include Manila, Makati and Cavite.
The university's major subsidiaries include: Far Eastern College – Silang, Inc. (FECSI), East Asia Computer Center, Inc. (EACCI), Fern Realty Corporation (FRC), FEU Alabang, Inc. and FEU High School, Inc. Similar to the university, FECSI, EACCI, FEU Alabang, Inc. and FEU High School, Inc. were established to operate as educational institutions offering general courses of study. In April 2016, FEU entered into a share purchase agreement to acquire an initial 80% of Roosevelt College, Inc.
In 2019, FEU has entered into a joint venture with the Technological Institute of the Philippines to launch Edustria, a senior high school in Batangas.
University emblems
The university seal
The FEU Coat of Arms depicts a Sarimanok holding a kalasag. Inside the kalasag is an 8 pointed star with a bamboo scroll under it, inscribed with the baybayin letters “KKK”. Meanwhile, the university seal has the Coat of Arms housed inside a green ellipse with gold outline, surrounded with the university's name in baybayin-inspired font and the IABF's founding year at the bottom.
The logo and font were designed by Galo Ocampo, the Father of Philippine Heraldry.
FEU is one of the first universities in the country to be established by a Filipino. Thus, in 1961, the university wanted to showcase the Sarimanok-inspired coat of arms, as proposed by former Institute of Arts and Sciences Dean Alejando Roces; for it projects the nationalistic spirit upon which the university was founded. It also serves as the link between the past and present.
The eight pointed star in the kalasag represents the 8 original institutes: Institute of Accounts, Business and Finance, Institute of Education, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Institute of Technology, Institute of Law, Institute of Medicine, Institute of Nursing and Institute of Graduate Studies.
The "KKK" inscription means Katotohanan (Truth), Kagandahan (Beauty), and Kabutihan (Goodness).
The university colors
Green and Gold are the university's official colors. Green is for hope, representing Rizal's "Fair hope of the Fatherland" while Gold represents the golden opportunity for the university to serve the youth and her alumni to serve the country.The university mascot
The tamaraw is the mascot of every FEU athletic team. Hence, it is the nickname of every FEU student (Tams). Known scientifically as “Bubalus mindorensis”, it is a rare animal found only in the island of Mindoro. Symbolically enough, the tamaraw is one of the most intelligent, pugnacious and aggressive of our animal species just as the university is known for its advanced, progressive policy in contemporary education.
The university mace
The mace is the symbol of the office of the university president. It is used on every formal events.
Manila Campus
FEU's campus is noted for a number of historical Art Deco buildings preserved from the first half of the 20th century. Among the buildings on FEU's campus complex, five by late Ar. Pablo S. Antonio Sr., garnered recognition in 2005 from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), who bestowed the Asia Pacific Heritage Award for Cultural Heritage on the university for "the outstanding preservation of its Art Deco structures."The buildings include the Nicanor B. Reyes Sr. Hall, the Admissions Building, the Architecture and Fine Arts Building, the Administration Building, and the Science Building. The Cultural Center of the Philippines also recognized the historical legacy of the buildings with a marker. Other historical buildings on the campus include the 1950s FEU Chapel and the Arts Building, which represent the International Style.
The university maintains various facilities, such as an electronic library, various types of laboratories, an auditorium, audio-visual and multimedia rooms, technology-based gate security and enrollment system, and gymnasiums.
Due to FEU's mission to preserve and care for the environment, the university has a green and eco-friendly campus landscape and is famously called as the "Oasis of the University Belt".
History
During the 1930s, there was a heavy influence of American culture especially in the field of technology and construction that was reflected in the lives of the Filipinos. Concrete and steel were used by the Americans and was found to be the suitable materials for the tropical environment. These were materialized by Arch. Pablo S. Antonio Sr. in creating the FEU campus buildings that reflected both the university's and the country's vision and showed his personal transition from Art Deco to the International Style. The buildings were constructed between the years 1939 to 1950.
Heritage Buildings of FEU Manila Campus
Nicanor B. Reyes Sr. Hall The Nicanor B. Reyes Sr. Hall, named after the founder of the FEU, is a long, low-rise U-shaped building facing Quezon Boulevard beside the Alfredo Reyes Hall. The building was constructed in 1939 by National Artist Arch. Pablo Antonio. The distinct character of the massive façade are the sets of protruded vertical volumes located on both ends of the structure.
Attention to details is another design focus of the architecture of Pablo S. Antonio Sr. The heavy influence of Art Deco in his architectural style is seen even in transitional elements like the stairs. The outdoor stairs that joins the walkway at the second floor has layers of thin concrete slabs that swirl in waves above the rigid geometry of the handrail.
The physical envelope of the building is one of the examples of classic Philippine Art Deco emphasizing the play on geometric forms.
Administration Building
The FEU Administration Building was also designed by Arch. Antonio Sr. a decade after the Nicanor B. Reyes Sr. Hall. It is located at the opposite end of the campus quadrangle that features a façade with geometric architectural details, horizontal windows, and a balcony that extends into a viewing deck at the second floor to observe the activities in the quadrangle. The Administration lobby has floor tiles made of Carrara Marble, the same material used by Michelangelo in his mother and child sculpture La Pieta and also used in New York's Grand Central Station.
It houses the works of many known Filipino artists, most of them in the Art Deco era. One work is a mural done by Antonio Gonzales Dumlao, which conveys the university's mission; while Italian sculptor Francesco Ricardo Monti did a bas-relief on the lobby depicting the history of the Philippines. The Art Deco-inspired FEU Auditorium can be found inside the Administration Building.
Architecture and Fine Arts Building
The building is one of the twin edifices flanking the Administration Building. It is the third building designed by Arch. Antonio Sr., still in the Art Deco Style. Constructed in 1941, it used to house the Boys' High School, which was originally in the basic education program of the university. It also used to house the Law and Nursing programs before being handed to the IARFA.
Admissions Building Built in 1940, the Admissions Building is the mirror image of the Architecture & Fine Arts Building. The building was initially used by the Girls' High School, and in 1983, became home to the Institute of Medicine. In 2015, the building has been renovated and changed its name from FEU-East Asia College Building to the FEU Main Building, which was formerly used by FEU-EAC students.
Science Building The seven-story building erected in 1950 was the last designed building by Arch. Antonio Sr. in what is considered a transition of style between Art Deco and the post World War 2 International Style. In 1990, an earthquake caused structural damages to the building making it necessary to demolish the top two floors. By the late 2013, a sixth floor was added. The building now houses the Department of Medical Technology, Psychology, Biology and Mathematics.
Auditorium
FEU's Auditorium is designed by Pablo Antonio Sr., National Artist for Architecture, in 1949. It was regarded as the first "Cultural Center of the Philippines", and also, the very first fully air-conditioned auditorium in the country which can accommodate 1000 spectators.
The Auditorium was home to renowned orchestras. It featured dances from Manila Ballet Academy, New York City Center Ballet, and Martha Graham – an American dancer and one of the twentieth century revolutionary artists. It also became the venue of major theatrical productions like Bastien and Bastienne – created by two National Artists, Nick Joaquin (on words) and Cesar Legaspi (on scenic designs).In addition, it was in FEU where Sarah Joaquin–actress, writer, director, and former Head of the Drama Department–showcased her talents through presentation of classic and contemporary plays. To this date, the auditorium upholds this legacy by accommodating more notable performances from artists here and abroad.
SCA Chapel
Another masterpiece is within campus is the Student Council Association (SCA) Chapel. Inaugurated on the 8th of December 1957, the SCA Chapel is where religious activities of faculty, personnel, and students are held. Its interior features a mural by Carlos “Botong” Francisco, proclaimed National Artist in 1973 and discoverer of Angono Petroglyphs (which is the oldest known work of art in the Philippines). His painting 14 Stations of the Cross encompasses 260 degrees of one's visual range. The SCA Chapel's façade is the richly colored tile mosaic of Our Lady of Fatima by Vicente Manansala, also a National Artist who developed the transparent cubism technique apparent in this piece of art.
Nicanor B. Reyes Sr. Memorial Square
In the middle of the campus rests this landmark and favorite backdrop for picture-taking in the campus. Erected in commemoration of the university's 40th anniversary, it consists of a 65-foot flagpole on a platform surrounded on all sides with brass sculpture, also done by Manansala, which interprets the late founder's philosophy of education. It represents the professional disciplines offered by the university.
FEU Library
Located on the second and third floors of the Nicanor Reyes Hall, the Library has a collection of books that falls under Circulation, Reserve, Reference, Filipiniana, and Periodical sections. These can easily be accessed using the Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) of FEU, its online database of all its print and multi-media resources. The Electronic Library is also available to provide members of the academic community highly effective learning experiences and services through the web and internet technologies as an extension of the services of the conventional library.
The Philippine Association of Academic Research Librarians, Inc. (PAARL) honored the library with the Outstanding Academic/Research Library Award during the PAARL 2012 Awards. The FEU library was recognized for its outstanding contribution to academic and research librarianship and library development along with leadership in regional library management, education and training, information and documentation services.
Academics
Far Eastern University offers 24 undergraduate programs, 17 graduate degree programs, and a law school through its seven institutes, while the Institute of Technology offers 9 undergraduate programs leading to engineering and computer studies. The university offers secondary, post-secondary, and certification courses as well. Since 2020, FEU Manila holds extension programs in its Cavite campus
The university runs on a semestral academic system. An academic year starts in the second week of August and ends in May. The university is supervised by the Board of Trustees, which is made up of academic practitioners and specialists from various disciplines.
Students who wish to study in the university must pass the College Entrance Exam (FEUCAT). However, due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, since SY 2020-2021, the FEUCAT is replaced by the FEU Student Placement for Admission to College Education (SPACE), wherein academic performance in Grades 11 and 12 are the basis for admissions.
Grading system
An FEU student's final grade for a course generally comes in the form of a letter, which is a summary of their performance in the formative and summative assessments. A is given a value of 4, B+ 3.5, B 3, C+ 2.5, C 2, D+ 1.5, D 1, and F 0. The passing mark for all university courses regardless of program is 50%.
Scholarship Grants
FEU funds an average of over 3,500 scholars every year, providing about 11% of the total student population. Scholarships are granted to academically qualified students, financially challenged yet deserving individuals, and university representatives in different fields of service and interests.
Recognition and Accreditation
Conferred the Autonomous University status by Commission on Higher Education (CHED), FEU Manila currently meets the highest regulatory standards set for Philippine HEIs. CHED has designated FEU's Teacher Education Program and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration as Center of Excellence and Center of Development, respectively.
FEU Manila has twenty-one accredited programs. In addition, eight of the undergraduate programs have level 4 – the highest – accreditation from the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA), while the rest are on their way to obtaining ever higher accreditation levels.
FEU Manila's international recognitions include being an associate member of the ASEAN University Network – Quality Assurance (AUN-QA), one of less than ten Philippine HEIs with the distinction; a member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for its BS Accountancy, BS Business Administration, and Master of Business Administration programs; and an associate member of the International Centre of Excellence in Tourism and Hospitality Management (THE-ICE) for its BS Tourism Management and BS Hotel and Restaurant Management programs. The Architecture, Accountancy, Applied Mathematics, Biology, Business Administration, Communication, Elementary Education, International Studies, Medical Technology, Nursing, Psychology, and Secondary Education programs are certified by the ASEAN University Network - Quality Assurance (AUN-QA). ITHM's BS Tourism Management program is also accredited by the Asia-Pacific Institute for Events Management (APIEM) as a Center of Excellence. FEU was the only Philippine school included in the World Universities with Real Impact (WURI) Ranking for 2020, placing 91st in the Global Top 100 Innovative Universities. It also placed 19th on Ethical Value, according to the WURI ranking system.
International certification/accreditation
The university received an ISO 9000:2008 for Quality Management and became one of the pilot universities in assessment by IQUAME.
Member of the International Association of Universities (IAU)
Associate Status with the International Centre of Excellence in Tourism and Hospitality Education
Member of the Pacific Asia Travel Association (Philippine Chapter)
Member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business
Associate Member of the ASEAN University Network Quality Assurance
Center for Excellence by the Asia Pacific Institute for Events Management International
Accredited by the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
Local
In 2012, Far Eastern University was granted Autonomous Status by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). FEU has twenty-one accredited programs by the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA) and Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU).
PACUCOA Level IV Accredited programs: Accountancy, Applied Mathematics with Information Technology, Biology, Business Administration, Communication, Elementary Education, Secondary Education, Psychology
PACUCOA Level III Accredited programs: Language and Literature Studies, Political Science, Doctor of Education, Master of Arts in education, and Master of Arts in psychology
PACUCOA Level II Accredited programs: Hotel and Restaurant Management, Architecture, Fine Arts, International Studies, Medical Technology
PAASCU Level III Accredited program: Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Founding member of Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities (PACU)
Research
FEU funds research in areas such as biodiversity, urban renewal, public health, genetics, sociolinguistics, and indigenous cultures. The university, through the representation of the URC, has been an active member of the Metro Manila Health Research and Development Consortium (MMHRDC) and the University belt Consortium (U-Belt Consortium).
FEU Public Policy Center - is a private research foundation which aims to make a substantive contribution to evidence-based policymaking through in-depth research and public discussion.
Center for Studies on the Urban Environment (SURE) - created in response to continuing degradation of the urban environment most especially in the inner cities. As its initial major project, the Center organized in November 2000 the "International Conference on Megacities in the 21st Century," It gathered speakers from Asian and Western Countries who shared their knowledge and experience in Urban renewal and development.
FEU Center for Continuing Education - it serves as the university's arm for conducting relevant trainings and programs for non-FEU students and professionals.
FEU Innovation Center - will serve as a think-tank and incubation center for business ideas.
FEU Community Extension Services (CES)
Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL)
Center for Learning Enrichment & Research for Students
Language Learning Center
University Research Center (URC) - a university-based research and extension unit that aims to foster a culture of research in the university. The URC facilitates the production of research through funding, research capability-building, research information dissemination, linkages and publication.
FEU Herbarium
FEU-DENR-WWF Tams2
Publications
FEU publishes various Key Institutional Materials and University Publications.
Annual Report
President's Report
TAMBULI - the official publication of Far Eastern University.
The FEU Advocate - the official student publication of FEU Manila, established in 1934.
Asian Journal on Perspectives in Education - is an open access, multidisciplinary, and double-blind peer-reviewed international journal. A flagship project of IE.
Asia Pacific Urban Journal
Paragon - the official student publication of IAS.
Circle Arts and Design Magazine - the official publication of IARFA, which showcases the art projects of its students.
The Lamp - the official student publication of IN.
Student life
FEU has had long and rich history in education, culture, arts and sports.
Athletics
FEU is a founding member of the two major collegiate athletic organizations in the Philippines, namely the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).
Among the many athletes who have attended FEU are Alberto Nogar Sr, Lydia De Vega, Elma Muros, Anthony Villanueva, and Johnny Abarrientos. FEU's teams are named after the tamaraw, a buffalo with a reputation for ferocity.
Events
Tatak Tamaraw - a week long event that welcomes freshmen to the FEU community. It also orients them on policies, support services, and the vibrant campus life.
Tam Hunt - the student organizations membership fair.
Tam Rally - parade and performances by FEU Athletes and Cultural Groups in preparation for the upcoming UAAP season.
CreePIYU - an annual halloween event managed by the FEU Guides.
Paskong Piyu - university-wide Christmas celebration ending with the Christmas Tree lighting. It also features performances from the various cultural groups and an inter-institute sing-and-dance competition.
One Concierto Piyu - a concert held during foundation day.
Musica FEUROPA - is an annual national choral competition in partnership with the European Union (EU) organized by the FEU Chorale and the President's Committee on Culture.
Arts and culture
Since 1990, the university has maintained the FEU Center for the Arts (formerly known as President's Committee on Culture) which programs a year-long calendar of cultural activities. The FCA also nurtures seven cultural groups namely, FEU Bamboo band, FEU Chorale, FEU Dance Company, FEU Drum and Bugle Corps, FEU Theater Guild, FEU Drummers and the FEU Guides. The FEU Guides conduct tours of FEU's UNESCO awarded campus.
FEU was the first university in the Philippines that allowed students to dress up according to their gender identity. In August 2016, the university started to relax its dress code and allowed students to dress according to one's gender. The students can enjoy all-gender restrooms, "a no-haircut policy", school attire options instead of a uniform, and a multi-faith room.
Student organizations and core groups
There are 60 student organizations under the supervision of the Office of Student Affairs, which serves as the arms of Student Development, Guidance & Counseling, FEU Center for the Arts, Institutes, and Departments of degree programs in providing out-of-the-classroom experiences for the students to make them holistically formed. The organizations usually conduct projects during the Activity Period.
The FEU Central Student Organization is the central student government of the university, which promotes student rights and well-being and at the same time develop programs and activities that will cater the needs of the student body inside or outside the university.
Volunteerism
The Volunteerism Office collaborates with stakeholders and communities to deliver Corporate Social Responsibility programs in the field of teaching, culture, livelihood capacity building, environment, disaster response, and relief operations. The university participates in Hands on Manila's yearly Servathon, an event that helps marginalized sectors through volunteer service.
FEU Group of Schools
The FEU System is composed of six legal entities, 10 campuses, and over 40,000 students.
Notable alumni
Among its alumni are former Supreme Court Chief Justice Artemio Panganiban, business magnates Henry Sy of SM Investments, Lucio Tan of Fortune Tobacco and Philippine Air Lines, Ambassador Alfonso Yuchengco of Yuchengco Group of Companies, CEO Benjamin Punongbayan of Punongbayan & Araullo, and President Ramon Ang of San Miguel Corporation among others.
Among the well-known international athletes are Anthony Villanueva (boxing), Felicisimo Ampon (tennis), Lydia De Vega (track and field), Johnny Abarrientos (basketball), Rachel Daquis (volleyball), and Janelle Frayna (chess).
See also
List of colleges and universities in Metro Manila
References
External links
Education in Sampaloc, Manila
Universities and colleges in Manila
Universities and colleges in Makati
Research universities in the Philippines
Business schools in the Philippines
Companies based in Manila
Educational institutions established in 1928
1928 establishments in the Philippines
Art Deco architecture in the Philippines
Buildings and structures in Makati
Companies listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange
University Athletic Association of the Philippines |
6916255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Tepper | Leonard Tepper | Leonard Tepper (July 3, 1939 – June 7, 2001) was an American actor and comedian known for his frequent cameo appearances on the Late Show with David Letterman between 1994 and 1998. His filmography includes Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, Class of Nuke'Em High, and The Shaman. He also appeared in a Miller Lite commercial and the video for Mariah Carey's Fantasy.
Early life
He graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, New York in 1956.
Filmography
References
External links
1939 births
2001 deaths
People from Brooklyn |
3742921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynda%20Williams | Cynda Williams | Cynthia Ann "Cynda" Williams (born May 17, 1966) is an American actress.
Early life and education
Williams was born Cynthia Ann Williams in Chicago, Illinois to Charles, a police officer and Beverly, a medical lab technician. She was raised in the Pullman neighborhood on the city's south side. She spent parts of her early childhood in Indiana, where she sang in her grandfather's church. For school, Williams attended Bennett Elementary School and Dunbar Vocational High School before she moved with her mother to Muncie, Indiana, when she was a teenager. While in Indiana, Williams attended Northside High School; graduating in 1984. After high school, Williams attended Ball State University, studying theater. While in college, She was crowned Ms. Ball State in 1987 and later graduated in 1989.
Career
In 1989, Williams changed her first name to "Cynda" to avoid conflicts with Laverne & Shirley actress Cindy Williams, who was also listed by the same name with the Screen Actors Guild. Williams has acted in films on both television and in the cinema. Her first appearance in a feature film was in Spike Lee's 1990 Mo' Better Blues. She was also in One False Move (1992) as well as the Tales of the City Channel 4/PBS miniseries. While most well known for her involvement in the movie industry, Williams had a brief stint in the music industry in 1990 with her appearance on the soundtrack to Mo' Better Blues, on the song "Harlem Blues". The single was popular, reaching No. 9 on the R&B charts on November 17, 1990. With the success of the single, Williams had been lined up with Sony to produce her own album. While she was trained in a variety of genres, jazz became pressed on her after the success of "Harlem Blues". The album was shelved following internal disagreements at Sony.
Personal life
Williams has been married three times and has one child. Her first marriage was to actor Billy Bob Thornton from 1990 until 1992. A year after divorcing Thornton, she married actor Arthur Louis Fuller in 1993 before divorcing in 1998. Williams was married to former college football star and television producer, Roderick Plummer from July 2001 until 2017.
Filmography
Award nominations
References
External links
Cynda Williams Bio
1966 births
Living people
African-American actresses
American television actresses
American film actresses
Dunbar Vocational High School alumni
Actresses from Chicago
Actresses from Illinois
Ball State University alumni
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women |
57963839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surya%20Raj%20Acharya | Surya Raj Acharya | Surya Raj Acharya is a Nepalese politician, and a public intellectual as an independent expert in development and infrastructure policy. He was a Visiting Professor at Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University before joining Sajha Party. He was spokesperson of Sajha Party. Acharya lives in Bharatpur Metropolis in Chitwan District, Nepal.
Education
Acharya has a Bachelor in civil engineering from the National School of Technology in Jamshedpur, India. He has a master's degree in resource management from the Asian Institute of Technology. He holds a PhD degree in infrastructure and regional development from the University of Tokyo, Japan.
Career
In early career phase, he worked as an engineer under the Nepal's Civil Service. He has worked a long time with the Institute of Transport Policies Studies in Japan as Senior Fellow. He has also worked as a Visiting Faculty for Tokyo University, Japan. He was Visiting Professor at the Institute of Engineering before being affiliated in Politics. Acharya was 'Adjunct Professor' at the National Graduate Institute of Policy Studies (GRIPS).
Political career
Acharya was one of the key founding leaders of Sajha Party. He was the Spokesperson and Chief of Policy Department of the Party. He contested the 2017 Nepalese legislative election from Kathmandu-2 constituency, where he was defeated by Madhav Kumar Nepal. He left the party after major differences with the Party Coordinator in some key strategic and policy matters.
Articles and Publications
Dr. Acharya has many academic publications including an edited book titled 'Transport Development in Asian Megacities: A New Perspective'.
Motorization and urban mobility in developing countries exploring policy options through dynamic simulation.
Sustainable transport development in Nepal: challenges, opportunities and strategies.
Specialties of Asian Megacities.
See also
Rabindra Mishra
References
Surya Raj Acharya
University of Tokyo alumni
Tribhuvan University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Khas people |
5968391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Nicolas | Jean Nicolas | Jean Edouard Marie Nicolas (9 June 1913 – 8 September 1978) was a French international footballer who played as a striker.
Born in Nanterre, Nicolas played club football for FC Rouen, and appeared in the 1934 and 1938 World Cup squads for France, and scored two goals in the 1938 edition of the tournament.
He scored a total of 21 goals in 25 international games between 1933 and 1938, making him the twelfth-highest goalscorer for France.
External links
1913 births
1978 deaths
People from Nanterre
French footballers
France international footballers
FC Rouen players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
1934 FIFA World Cup players
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Association football forwards
Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine |
51247162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leggets%20Lake%20%28Waterford%20Township%2C%20Michigan%29 | Leggets Lake (Waterford Township, Michigan) | Leggett Bay (also known as 'Leggets Lake) is located in Waterford Township, Michigan, United States. The 25-acre bay within Lake Oakland (Michigan) lies north of Walton Blvd. near Clintonville Rd. At its deepest point, the bay is 10 feet deep.
An aerial photo of Leggett Bay was featured in the Lake Oakland feature article contained in the July 2019 edition of Lakefront Lifestyles Magazine.
History
Leggets Lake (originally Leggett's Lake) was named for Mortimer Leggett (1837–1930) who came from New York and settled on a 140-acre farm in Clintonville, Michigan, next to the lake that would bear his family name. The lake originally was separate from Lake Oakland and an effort to conjoin the two commenced in the late 1950s and concluded in 1960. Now part of Lake Oakland, the body of water is referred to as Leggett Bay. Grayson Canal was added to expand lake access to homeowners on Rutherford Court (formerly the Rutherford Estate) and Athens Avenue (formerly Meigs Fields property).
Fish
According to the Oakland County, Michigan, parks department's Fishing Opportunities Report, the following fish have received a rating of "Better Than Average Fishing": largemouth bass, bluegill, brown bullhead, black crappie, and northern pike. The following fish received a rating of "Fishable Population Present": carp and pumpkinseed.
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources' most recent fisheries survey was conducted on Lake Oakland in May 2001. Eighteen fish species were collected during this survey, including bluegill, black crappie, green sunfish, pumpkinseed, rock bass, warmouth, yellow perch, largemouth bass, northern pike, yellow bullhead, brown bullhead, bowfin, channel catfish walleye, common carp, grass pickerel, and bluntnosed minnow.
References
Lakes of Oakland County, Michigan
Lakes of Michigan
Lakes of Waterford Township, Michigan |
50859438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%20West%20Yorkshire%20County%20Council%20election | 1973 West Yorkshire County Council election | Elections for West Yorkshire County Council were held in 1973.
References
1973 English local elections
1973
state=expanded |
57828374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogdan%20Bogdanovi%C4%87 | Bogdan Bogdanović | Bogdan Bogdanović may refer to:
Bogdan Bogdanović (architect) (1922–2010), Serbian architect
Bogdan Bogdanović (basketball) (born 1992), Serbian basketball player
See also
Bojan Bogdanović (born 1989), Croatian basketball player |
2709884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%99%C3%ADte%C4%8D | Dříteč | Dříteč is a municipality and village in Pardubice District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Dříteč is from 1229.
Sights
The main landmark is the Church of Saints Peter and Paul. It is a Gothic building from 1336.
References
External links
Villages in Pardubice District |
118852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland%20Township%2C%20Michigan | Greenland Township, Michigan | Greenland Township is a civil township of Ontonagon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 792 at the 2010 census.
Communities
Greenland is an unincorporated community in the township.
Maple Grove is an unincorporated community in the township.
Mass City is an unincorporated community in the township.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 870 people, 378 households, and 246 families residing in the township. The population density was 7.7 per square mile (3.0/km2). There were 535 housing units at an average density of 4.7 per square mile (1.8/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 96.90% White, 0.34% Native American, 0.34% from other races, and 2.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.26% of the population.
There were 378 households, out of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 30.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $31,574, and the median income for a family was $37,917. Males had a median income of $30,865 versus $20,096 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,152. About 3.6% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.6% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.
Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Greenland has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.
References
Townships in Ontonagon County, Michigan
Townships in Michigan |
53475216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Texas%20Suite | South Texas Suite | South Texas Suite is an EP by Canadian-American country singer-songwriter Whitney Rose. It was released on January 27, 2017 by both Six Shooter Records and Thirty Tigers.
Track listing
"Three Minute Love Affair"
"Analog"
"My Boots"
"Bluebonnets for My Baby"
"Lookin' Back on Luckenbach"
"How 'Bout a Hand for the Band"
Personnel
Earl Poole Ball – piano
Cris Burns – engineering, mastering, mixing
Bryce Clarke – electric and acoustic guitars
Ben Clarkson – artwork
Michael Guerra – accordion
Erik Hokkanen – fiddle
Sophia Johnson – acoustic guitar
Terri Joyce – composition
Brennen Leigh – composition
Tom Lewis – drums, percussion
James Mejia – design, layout
Whitney Rose – composition, production, vocals
James Shelton – steel guitar
Kevin Smith – bass
Redd Volkaert – electric guitar
References
2017 EPs
Six Shooter Records EPs
Whitney Rose albums
Country music EPs |
7754532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC%20Radio%20Grandstand | ABC Radio Grandstand | ABC Sport, formerly ABC Radio Grandstand, is a live radio sports focused commentary and talk-back program which runs on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) local radio network across Australia and on one digital-only station.
History
From the first week in November 2020, the ABC rebranded all of its sports coverage as "ABC SPORT", renaming the ABC Grandstand on digital radio as well as its social media accounts to this name.
Description
Sports that covered by the station include Test, Twenty20 and One-Day International cricket (live), rugby league (mostly in Queensland and New South Wales), the Summer Olympics, Australian Football League games, Australian Open tennis and soccer matches, including games involving the Socceroos and the A-League competition.
Programming
Grandstand cricket
ABC Grandstand has been broadcasting cricket since the 1930, and is the only national Australian radio station to broadcast live Test, One Day and domestic cricket.
The lead ABC cricket commentators are as follows:
Jim Maxwell - A highly experienced and highly regarded cricket commentator, Maxwell has covered Australian One-Day, Test, and World Cup matches. He also has broadcast rugby union, rugby league, golf, and hockey, and Olympic Games.
Ian Chappell - Former captain of Australia. He has played over 90 Test and One Day cricket matches for Australia and has a Test batting average of 42.42.
Alison Mitchell - Commentator of Channel 7's cricket coverage since 2018, first joined the ABC in 2014. She has also covered the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games and four Women's Cricket World Cups.
Other notable callers include Andrew Moore, Kristen Beams, Dirk Nannes, and Stuart Clark.
Grandstand rugby league
Grandstand Rugby League is the ABC's flagship NRL programme in the northern states. The programme calls every game live each week of the season including the State of Origin series and Finals with in depth previews and reviews, analysis, extensive talkback and interviews, and live score updates of other matches.
Grandstand AFL
Grandstand AFL is ABC's flagship sports programme in the southern states. The programme calls six AFL games live a week with further match preview, analysis, and talkback of the game. An introduction in 2008 was the Sunday Inquisition with Gerard Whateley highlighting the good and the bad of the AFL games for the past week. Coverage preference is given to local teams in their state. National coverage for games outside the home state is determined by the match with the highest appeal.
Commentators: Quentin Hull, Rob Cross, Peter Walsh, Clint Wheeldon, Corbin Middlemas, Adam White, Matt Clinch, David Parkin, Jon Dorotich, Kelli Underwood, Stan Alves, Mark Maclure
Grandstand A-League
Beginning in the 2013/14 season, ABC Grandstand began covering every match of the A-League live on either local radio, digital radio, or via a dedicated mobile app.
Presenters
Simone Thurtell
Simone Thurtell was a presenter for Grandstand. She formerly shared the hosting of the summer Grandstand program with others, including Karen Tighe, Tracy Holmes and Peter Walsh. She was ABC's around-the-ground reporter during international cricket matches played at the SCG. She is probably best known for her Grandstand Active Show, which featured regular guests, including Kerry O'Keeffe, Geoff Huegill and Al Baxter, and covered the sporting issues of the day, overnight scores and live crosses to sport.
Thurtell initially worked for ABC TV Sport, before switching into the ABC Radio Grandstand team. She covered major events such as the 2000 Sydney Olympics and 2006 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi. She called many sports, particularly netball. She presented Drive on 1233 ABC Newcastle in 2007 and 2008, before returning to Grandstand in 2009.
References
External links
Grandstand website
Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio programmes
Sports radio in Australia
English-language radio programs
Sports radio programs |
499258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIG%20P210 | SIG P210 | The SIG P210 (Swiss Army designation Pistole 49, the civilian model was known as SP47/8 prior to 1957) is a locked breech self loading, semi-automatic pistol designed and manufactured in Neuhausen am Rheinfall (Canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland) by SIG from 1948 to 2006.
It is of all-steel construction chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum and 7.65×21mm Parabellum. It was used from 1949 to 1975 by the Swiss Army and police units. It was also adopted and is still in service with the Military of Denmark (as M/49 Neuhausen or simply Neuhausen), in 1951 by the German Bundespolizei and in shooting sports.
The pistols were decommissioned by the Swiss Army and replaced by the SIG Sauer P220 (Swiss Army designation Pistole 75) developed in 1975. Swiss production of the P210 continued until 2006. A new model, the P210 Legend, was introduced by SIG Sauer GMBH of Germany in 2010, and another, the P210A, was introduced by SIG Sauer Inc. of New Hampshire in the United States in 2017.
History
The design was derived from Charles Petter's Modèle 1935A pistol. In 1937, Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG) acquired a license for the Petter-Browning system from SACM in order to develop a replacement for the Luger Parabellum 06/29, which had been in service since 1900. Apparently not satisfied with the Petter Browning design or the changes they had made to it, SIG evaluated no fewer than 11 prototypes from 1942 through 1944. Selbstladepistole Neuhausen model 44/16 pistol production began in 1944. Some of the original Petter Browning features had been retained, specifically the self-contained firing and recoil systems. The Neuhausen 44/16 had a magazine capacity of 16 rounds.
Development was slowed by the Second World War. After testing various experimental models (such as the aforementioned 44/16 with a double-column magazine), the 47/8 model was adopted in Oct 1948 as the Pistole Modell 1949 (P49), and SP47/8 for civilian market. Some previous series were tested by Swedish sport shooters and by the Danish army (Danish Defence designation Pistol M/1949).
The 47/8 model supported the easy change of the barrels between 7.65 and 9mm Parabellum and a kit to convert to .22 caliber (see table below).
SIG M/1949 is the 47/8 model purchased for the Danish military and issued version for officers, military police, and special forces, chambered in 9mm Luger.
Usually called only Neuhausen in Denmark, this model is stamped "P m/49", and also known as "P210-DK".
First issued beginning in 1950 to the Danish Army Technical Corps (stamped "HTK"), this remained the standard sidearm in the Danish military throughout 60 years of continuous use, since the 2010s being replaced with the SIG Sauer P320 X-5 Carry.
In 1957, the civil designation (SP47/8) was definitively changed to P210 according to the company nomenclature policy. Model P210-1 in retrospect covers all models produced until 1965, the designation P210-2 refers to the standard model as produced from 1966 (beginning with serial nr. P 59071).
P210-3 was a police version produced from 1951 to 1964 (serial nrs. P 6791 to P 6840 and P 8001 to P 8893), produced in limited numbers for the cantonal police forces of Basel, Lausanne, and Glarus, with a handful sold on the private market.
P210-4 was the model made for the German border guard (serial nrs. D 1 to D 6500).
P210-5 and P210-6 were civilian target shooting models made in the 1980s and 1990s.
P210-7 was a rarely produced .22lr rimfire model, made in the 1950s and 1960s.
SIG was renamed to SIG Sauer upon acquisition by Sauer & Sohn in the 1970s, and to Swiss Arms in 2000.
Swiss Arms continued production of the P210 for private customers until 2006.
From 2010, a new model, dubbed P210 Legend was made by SIG Sauer, GMBH of Eckernförde, Germany. This model was exported to the USA until 2017, when
SIG Sauer Inc. of New Hampshire began production of its own model, dubbed P210A, made in Exeter, N.H., offered in two versions, Standard (210A-9-B) and Target (210A-9-TGT).
Serial numbers
Serial numbers starting A are the Swiss army ordnance models.
Army models run from serial number A 100001 to A 213110. Those that have a P added to the rear of a serial number that starts with an A have been sold by the Swiss army to civilians. A stamped "P" (="privat") on the front of the trigger guard shows that a weapon was left as a gift to the owner upon leaving the Armed Services.
Serial numbers 6001 to 6028 are prototypes made during 1938–1947. 6033 to 6406 are early model SP47/8 made in 1947.
Serial numbers with a P were made for police and for private use, running from P 8001 to P 8250 (1951) and
P 50004 (1949) to P 79150 (1975).
Serial numbers from P 79600 to P 97950 are private models made by SIG Sauer, Switzerland, during 1976–1984, and P 300001 to P 331536 were made by Sig Sauer (Swiss Arms) during 1983–2006; the jump to the 300000s range marks the transition from traditional forged frames to CNC production.
During 1966–1969, SIG produced a small number of special heavy frame P210-5 models for the National Match team.
These are extremely rare, with a total of 46 pieces known in literature.
In the 1970s, these heavy frame models were commercialized and offered on the market, with
100 pieces of P210-6 heavy frame pistols (P 76521 to P76620) made in 1979,
and 50 pieces of P210-6 heavy frame pistols, made for Hofmann & Reinhart of Zürich (P 79101 to 79150).
These pistols represent the pinnacle of SIG pistol manufacture and are extremely sought after by collectors, and consequently almost never offered on the open market.
Another special edition is numbered JP 1 to JP 500 (1978, "125 Years of SIG" anniversary edition).
P 555001 to P 555555 are special collectors' edition of 555 sets of five chromed pistols with gilded controls, P210, P220, P225, P226 and P230, made for Vonbank AG in 1987 to 1990), at the time sold for CHF 12,950.
In 1991, another special edition numbered № 0001 to № 1991 was made to commemorate "700 Years of Swiss Confederation" (700 Jahre Eidgenossenschaft), at the time sold for CHF 4,100 per piece.
Serial numbers starting with a D belong to the Bundesgrenzschutz issues (D 1 to D 6500).
The Danish m/49 pistols have their own serial numbers, without a leading letter, engraved on the right side of the slide, running from 7695 (1951) to 35383 (1962).
The rare P210-7 .22lr calibre versions have numbers in the range 40501 (1957) to 41762 (1968).
Gallery
Users
: used by the Danish Defense Force as m/49.
: Used by the Presidential Security Service since 2007.
: used by the Latvian National Guard.
: used by the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince.
: used by the Swiss Military and various police forces.
References
Armbruster, Erwin, & Werner Kessler (ed.). Begegnungen mit einer Legende—SIG SP 47/8 / P 210. Kessler Waffen AG, 2007. Sample
Doebeli, Hans P. Die SIG-Pistolen. Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verlag, 1981. .
Vetter, Lorenz. Das große Buch der SIG-Pistolen. Dietikon-Zürich: Stocker-Schmid, 1995. .
External links
SIG P220
SIG P226
SIG P320
SIG P365
Description of Pistole 49, official Swiss Army webpage
SIG P210 history and design features
SIG P210 parts and variations
SIG P210 serial numbers
SIG P210-2 disassembly/reassembly
Commemorative Confederatio Helvetica 1291-1991 for the 700th Swiss Confederation anniversary
.22 LR pistols
9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
10mm Auto semi-automatic pistols
7.65×21mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
Semi-automatic pistols of Switzerland
Police weapons
SIG Sauer semi-automatic pistols
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1949 |
63672514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Feyerabend | Walter Feyerabend | Walter Feyerabend (3 December 1891 – 17 April 1962) was a German equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
References
1891 births
1962 deaths
German male equestrians
Olympic equestrians of Germany
Equestrians at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Königsberg |
60284494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Albrecht%20%28wrestler%29 | Herbert Albrecht (wrestler) | Herbert Albrecht (18 January 1925 – 3 November 1997) was a German wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman light heavyweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
Personal life
Albrecht served in the Wehrmacht during the Second World War.
References
1925 births
1997 deaths
German male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers of the United Team of Germany
Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
People from Suhl
German military personnel of World War II |
57300769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condica%20charada | Condica charada | Condica charada is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It was first described by William Schaus in 1906 and it is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Condica charada is 9704.
References
Further reading
Condicinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Moths described in 1906 |
21408840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korita%2C%20Idrija | Korita, Idrija | Korita () is a small village in the hills between Idrija and Žiri in Slovenia. It lies within the Municipality of Idrija in the traditional Inner Carniola region.
References
External links
Korita at Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Idrija |
3233324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin%20Dunn | Lin Dunn | Lin Dunn (born May 10, 1947) is an American women's basketball coach, currently a special assistant to the head coach with Kentucky. She is most known for being the first coach and general manager for the Seattle Storm. She has more than 500 wins to her name.
A native of Dresden, Tennessee, Dunn graduated from the University of Tennessee at Martin in 1969. She coached for decades in the college ranks, amassing a 447-257 record in 25 seasons as a college head coach. In her tenure at Austin Peay State University (1970–1976), the University of Mississippi (1977–1978), the University of Miami (1978–1987) and Purdue University (1987–1996), she made the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship seven times, and the Final Four once, in 1994 with Purdue. She is in the Athletics Hall of Fame at both Austin Peay and Miami. Dunn also was president of the Women's Basketball Coaches Association in 1984-85.
Dunn was abruptly fired at Purdue after the 1995-96 season, but resurfaced in the pros with the American Basketball League's Portland Power in 1996. She was ABL's coach of the year in 1998, right before that league folded. Dunn then became the first coach and GM of the expansion Seattle Storm in the ABL's rival, the WNBA. Her folksy southern personality was a hit in Urbane, Seattle, with fans often wearing Dunn masks and quoting her rustic aphorisms. The team started with a dismal 6-26 season.
Dunn left the Storm just as it was starting to have success. New superstars Lauren Jackson and Sue Bird led the team to the 2002 playoffs, where they were swept by the Los Angeles Sparks. Dunn then resigned, leaving the path open for Anne Donovan to build a championship team just two seasons later.
Dunn is a former head coach of the Indiana Fever. Dunn won the WNBA championship with the Fever on October 21, 2012.
On May 6, 2014, Dunn announced her retirement from coaching at the end of the year.
On June 14, 2014; Dunn was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame.
On May 24, 2016, she was introduced as an assistant coach for Matthew Mitchell at Kentucky. On May 26, 2017, UK Athletics announced that Coach Dunn had signed a one-year contract extension.
In 2018, her role at Kentucky changed to special assistant to the head coach.
USA Basketball
In 1990, Dunn was the assistant coach for the USA National team at the World Championships in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The team, behind the 22 point per game scoring of Teresa Edwards, won all eight contests, with only the win over Cuba decided by single digits. The USA team faced Yugoslavia in the gold medal game, and won 88–78.
In 1995, Dunn served as the head coach to the R. William Jones Cup Team. The competition was held in Taipei, Taiwan. The USA team won its first six games, but four of the six were won by single-digit margins. Their seventh game was against Russia, and they fell 100–84. The final game was against South Korea, and a victory would assure the gold medal, but the South Korean team won 80–76 to win the gold medal. The USA team won the bronze medal.
Head coaching record
College
Professional
|-
| align="left" |POR
| align="left" |1996–97
|18||9||9|||| align="center" |4th in West|| || || ||
|
|-
| align="left" |POR
| align="left" |1997–98
|44||27||17|||| align="center" |1st in West||2 ||0 ||2 ||
| align="center" |Lost Western Conference Semi-Finals
|-
| align="left" |POR
| align="left" |1998
|13||9||4|||| align="center" |Season cancelled|| || || ||
|
|-
| align="left" |SEA
| align="left" |2000
|32||6||26|||| align="center" |8th in West|| || || ||
|
|-
| align="left" |SEA
| align="left" |2001
|32||10||22|||| align="center" |8th in West|| || || ||
|
|-
| align="left" |SEA
| align="left" |2002
|32||17||15|||| align="center" |4th in West||2 ||0 ||2 ||
| align="center" |Lost Western Conference Semi-Finals
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |2008
|34||17||17|||| align="center" |4th in East||3 ||1 ||2 ||
| align="center" |Lost Eastern Conference Semi-Finals
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |2009
| 34|| 22|| 12|||| align="center" |1st in East||10 ||6 ||4 ||
| align="center" |Lost WNBA Finals
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |2010
| 34 || 21|| 13|||| align="center" |3rd in East||3 ||1 ||2 ||
| align="center" |Lost Eastern Conference Semi-Finals
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |2011
| 34 || 21|| 13|||| align="center" |1st in East||6 ||3 ||3 ||
| align="center" |Lost Eastern Conference Finals
|- ! style="background:#FDE910;"
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |2012
| 34 || 22|| 12|||| align="center" |2nd in East||10 ||7 ||3 ||
| align="center" |Won WNBA Finals
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |2013
| 34 || 16|| 18|||| align="center" |4th in East||4 ||2 ||2 ||
| align="center" |Lost Eastern Conference Finals
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |2014
| 34 || 16|| 18|||| align="center" |2nd in East||5 ||3 ||2 ||
| align="center" |Lost Eastern Conference Finals
|-class="sortbottom"
| align="left" |Career
| ||409||213||196|||| ||45||23||22||
References
1947 births
Living people
People from Dresden, Tennessee
University of Tennessee at Martin alumni
American Basketball League (1996–1998) coaches
American women's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from Tennessee
Indiana Fever coaches
Kentucky Wildcats women's basketball coaches
Miami Hurricanes women's basketball coaches
Ole Miss Rebels women's basketball coaches
Ole Miss Rebels women's volleyball coaches
Purdue Boilermakers women's basketball coaches
Seattle Storm coaches
Women's National Basketball Association championship-winning head coaches |
47124568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Lag%C3%BCes | Jorge Lagües | Jorge Sebastián Matías Lagües Suárez (born 22 January 1997) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Chilean Segunda División club Rodelindo Román.
Club career
A product of Colo-Colo's youth system, Lagües made his Primera División de Chile debut on 4 January 2015 in a 1–0 home defeat against San Marcos de Arica for the Torneo Clausura. He was sent to the field on 81st minute replacing Jaime Valdés. Likewise, he was member of Colo-Colo squad which won the 2016 Copa Chile.
In July 2017, he was loaned to Deportes Valdivia. He made his team debut on 9 July in a 2017 Copa Chile match against Huachipato. He scored his side's goal in a 1–2 home loss. During the Primera B de Chile season, he made 13 appearances and scored two goals: a) the only one goal in the sixth week's 1–0 home victory over Unión San Felipe; b) his side's goal in the 2–1 away loss with San Marcos de Arica.
In 2020, he joined Rodelindo Román.
Honours
Club
Colo-Colo
Copa Chile: 2016
References
External links
Jorge Lagües at CeroaCero (in Spanish)
1997 births
Living people
People from Vallenar
People from Huasco Province
People from Atacama Region
Association football midfielders
Chilean footballers
Colo-Colo footballers
Deportes Vallenar footballers
Deportes Valdivia footballers
C.D. Arturo Fernández Vial footballers
San Antonio Unido footballers
Rodelindo Román footballers
Chilean Primera División players
Segunda División Profesional de Chile players
Primera B de Chile players |
2548729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birlinn | Birlinn | The birlinn () was a wooden vessel propelled by sail and oar, used extensively in the Hebrides and West Highlands of Scotland from the Middle Ages on. Variants of the name in English and Lowland Scots include "berlin" and "birling". The Gaelic term may derive from the Norse byrðingr (ship of boards). It has been suggested that a local design lineage might also be traceable to vessels similar to the Broighter-type boat (first century BC), equipped with oars and a square sail, without the need to assume a specific Viking design influence. It is uncertain, however, whether the Broighter model represents a wooden vessel or a skin-covered boat of the currach type. The majority of scholars emphasise the Viking influence on the birlinn.
The birlinn was clinker-built and could be sailed or rowed. It had a single mast with a square sail. Smaller vessels of this type might have had as few as twelve oars, with the larger West Highland galley having as many as forty. For over four hundred years, down to the seventeenth century, the birlinn was the dominant vessel in the Hebrides.
In 1310, King Robert the Bruce granted Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray a reddendo or charter making him Lord of the Isle of Man in exchange for six birlinns of 26 oars. A 1615 report to the Scottish Privy Council made a distinction between galleys, having between 18 and 20 oars, and birlinns, with between 12 and 18 oars. There was no suggestion of structural differences. The report stated that there were three men per oar.
The birlinn appears in Scottish heraldry as the "lymphad", from the Scottish Gaelic long fhada.
Use
In terms of design and function, there was considerable similarity between the local birlinn and the ships used by Norse incomers to the Isles. In an island environment ships were essential for the warfare which was endemic in the area, and local lords used the birlinn extensively from at least the thirteenth century. The strongest of the regional naval powers were the MacDonalds of Islay.
The Lords of the Isles of the Late Middle Ages maintained the largest fleet in the Hebrides. It is possible that vessels of the birlinn type were used in the 1156 sea battle in which Somerled, Lord of Argyll, the ancestor of the lords, firmly established himself in the Hebrides by confronting his brother-in-law, Godred Olafsson, King of the Isles.
In 1608 Andrew Stewart, Lord Ochiltree was sent by James VI of Scotland to quell feuds in the Western Isles. His orders included the destruction of shipping, named in his commissions as lymphads, galleys, and birlinns belonging to rebellious subjects.
Though the surviving evidence has mostly to do with the birlinn in a naval context, there is independent evidence of mercantile activity for which such shipping would have been essential. There is some evidence for mercantile centres in Islay, Gigha, Kintyre and Knapdale, and in the fourteenth century there was constant trade between the Isles, Ireland and England under the patronage of local lords. Otherwise the chief uses of the birlinn would have been troop-carrying, fishing and cattle transport.
Construction and maintenance
In some ways the birlinn paralleled the more robust ocean-going craft of Norse design. Viking ships were double-ended, with a keel scarfed to stems fore and aft. A shell of thin planking (strake) was constructed on the basis of the keel, the planks being edge-joined and clenched with iron nails. Symmetrical ribs or frames were then lashed to the strakes or secured with trenails. Over most of the ribs was laid a slender crossbeam and a thwart. The mast was stepped amidships or nearly so, and oars, including a steering oar, were also used. The stem and stern post sometimes had carefully carved notches for plank ends, with knees securing the thwarts to the strakes and beams joining the heads of the frames.
The hull bore a general resemblance to the Norse pattern, but stem and stern may have been more steeply pitched (though allowance must be paid for distortion in representation). Surviving images show a rudder. Nineteenth-century boat-building practices in the Highlands are likely to have applied also to the birlinn: examples are the use of dried moss, steeped in tar, for caulking, and the use of stocks in construction.
Oak was the wood favoured both in Western Scotland and in Scandinavia, being tough and resistant to decay. Other types of timber were less often used. It is likely that the Outer Isles of Western Scotland had always been short of timber, but birch, oak and pine abounded in the Inner Isles and on the mainland. The abundance of timber at Lochaber was proverbial: "B'e sin fiodh a chur do Loch Abar" ("Bringing wood to Lochaber") was said of any superfluous undertaking.
The tools used are likely to have included adzes, axes, augers and spoon bits, awls, planes, draw knives and moulding irons, together with other tools typical of the Northern European carpenter's kit. As in traditional shipbuilding, generally, measurements were largely by eye.
The traditional practice of sheltering boats in bank-cuttings ("nausts") – small artificial harbours – was probably also employed with the birlinn. There is evidence in fortified sites of constructed harbours, boat-landings and sea-gates.
The influence of Norse shipbuilding techniques, though plausible, is conjectural, since to date no substantial remnants of a birlinn have been found. Traditional boat-building techniques and terms, however, may furnish a guide as to the vessel's construction.
Rigging and sails
Carved images of the birlinn from the sixteenth century and earlier show the typical rigging: braces, forestay and backstay, shrouds (fore and aft), halyard and a parrel (a movable loop used to secure a yard or gaff to a mast). There is a rudder with pintles on the leading edge, inserted into gudgeons. It is possible that use was made of a wooden bowline or reaching spar (called a beitass by the Norse). This was used to push the luff of the sail out into the wind.
Traditional Highland practice was to make sails of tough, thick-threaded wool, with ropes being made of moss-fir or heather. Medieval sails, in the Highlands as elsewhere, are shown as being sewn out of many small squares, and there is possible evidence of reef points.
Aileach: a reconstruction
A reproduction of a 16-oar Highland galley, the Aileach, was built in 1991 at Moville in Donegal. It was based on representations of such vessels in West Highland sculpture. Despite the good seagoing performance of the vessel, its design has been described as misleading because of an over-reliance in the plan on cramped sculptural images. The vessel was designed with a high, almost vertical, stern and stem. It proved difficult to fit in more than one rower per oar and the thwarts were too close together. Less constricted images from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries show vessels which are longer and larger.
Ireland
The Irish long fhada seems, from contemporary sources, to have resembled its West Highland equivalent, though there is as yet no archaeological confirmation.
The Annals of the Four Masters record the use of fleets in an Irish context, often with a Scottish connection. In 1413 Tuathal Ó Máille, returning from Ulster to Connacht with seven ships, encountered a severe storm (anfadh na mara) which drove them northwards to Scotland: only one of the ships survived. In 1433 Macdonald of the Isles arrived in Ulster with a large fleet (co c-cobhlach mór) to assist the O'Neills in a war with the O'Donnells.
In Ireland oared vessels were employed extensively for warfare and piracy by the O'Malleys and the O'Flathertys, western lords whose base was in Connacht. English officials found it necessary to counter them with similar vessels. The most famous of these local rulers was Grace O'Malley, of whom Sir Richard Bingham reported in 1591 that she had twenty vessels at her command. She, like her father, was engaged in extensive seaborne trade.
There was constant maritime traffic between Ireland and Scotland, and Highland mercenaries were commonly transported by birlinn to Ireland.
Naval technology
The birlinn, when rowed, was distinguished by its speed, and could often evade pursuers as a result. No cannon were mounted even in the later period: the birlinn was too lightly built and its freeboard was too low. It was highly suitable for raiding, however, and with experienced marksmen on board, could mount a formidable defence against small craft.
Vessels of this type were at their most vulnerable when beached or when cornered by a heavier vessel carrying cannon.
Possible changes in design
There is some evidence that by the end of the sixteenth century new influences were affecting birlinn design. A carving made at Arasaig in 1641 shows a vessel with a lowered stem and stern. An English map of north-east Ireland made no later than 1603 shows "fleetes of the Redshanks [Highlanders] of Cantyre" with vessels one-masted as before but with a square sail mounted on a sloping yard arm and a small cabin at the stern projecting backwards. Two Clanranald seals attached to documents dated 1572 show a birlinn with raised decks at stem and stern, a motif repeated in later heraldic devices. If such changes occurred, they would reflect influences from the south-east and ultimately from the Mediterranean. The supporting evidence has been criticised for being slight and unconvincing, but there is pictorial evidence for similar developments in the Irish galley.
See also
Irish galley
Notes
References
Caldwell, David H. (2007), 'Having the right kit: West Highlanders fighting in Ireland' in The World of the Gallowglass: kings, warlords and warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600. Duffy, Seán (ed.). Dublin: Four Courts Press.
Watson, J. Carmichael (ed.) (1934). Gaelic Songs of Mary MacLeod. Blackie & Son Limited
Further reading
Macauley, John (1996), Birlinn – Longships of the Hebrides. The White Horse Press.
External links
GalGael – using the Birlinn to rebuild community in Scotland
Highland Galleys, from Mallaig Heritage
Image of fifteenth-century engraved Birlinn, in Rodel Chapel, Harris, on Flickr
Norse-Gaels
Boat types
Transport in Scotland
Scandinavian Scotland
Medieval ships
Sailing ships
Human-powered watercraft
Tall ships
14th-century ships |
10658927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus%20olsenii | Eucalyptus olsenii | Eucalyptus olsenii, commonly known as the Woila gum, is a species of small tree that is endemic to a restricted area on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. It has smooth bark with rough bark on the lower trunk, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and barrel-shaped or urn-shaped fruit.
Description
Eucalyptus olsenii is a tree that typically grows to a height of high and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth white to cream-coloured bark that is shed in ribbons, sometimes with rough, fibrous or flaky bark at the base of the trunk. Young plants and coppice regrowth have glossy green leaves that are a paler shade on the lower side, egg-shaped to lance-shaped or elliptical, long and wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds sessile or on pedicels up to long. Mature buds are oval, long and wide with a conical to beaked operculum. Flowering has been recorded in October and November and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, barrel-shaped or urn-shaped capsule long and wide
with the valves below the level of the rim.
Taxonomy and naming
Eucalyptus olsenii was first formally described in 1980 by Lawrie Johnsone and Don Blaxell in the journal Telopea. The specific epithet (olsenii) honours Ian Sinclair Olsen, who recognised the species as distinct on a bushwalking expedition lead by Henry Fairlie-Cuninghame who collected the type material.
Distribution and habitat
Woila gum is restricted to mountains north east of Cooma and south of Braidwood, where it grows in woodland in poor soil on steep slopes. It also grows well as an ornamental tree.
References
olsenii
Myrtales of Australia
Trees of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Plants described in 1980
Taxa named by Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson |
19004942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malan%C3%B3w%2C%20Wierusz%C3%B3w%20County | Malanów, Wieruszów County | Malanów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokolniki, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Sokolniki, east of Wieruszów, and south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
References
Villages in Wieruszów County |
31464163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20Humfrey%27s%20Library | Duke Humfrey's Library | Duke Humfrey's Library is the oldest reading room in the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford. It is named after Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, who donated 281 books to the library after his death in 1447. Sections of the libraries were restored and expanded in the 16th and 17th centuries, including the addition of a second storey, an east wing and a west wing. The library currently functions as an additional reading room for the Bodleian Library.
History
Duke Humfrey's Library is named after Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, a younger son of Henry IV of England. He was a connoisseur of literature and commissioned translations of classical works from Greek into Latin. When he died in 1447, he donated his collection of 281 books to the University of Oxford. At the time, this was considered an incredibly generous donation as the university only had 20 books. All classes at that time were taught via oral lectures; books were handwritten and were only for the extremely wealthy.
The library was constructed as a second storey to the Divinity School between 1450 and 1480 in order to house the donated collection. In 1550, during the Reformation, the King's Commissioners despoiled the library of books in order to destroy the vestiges of Roman Catholicism in the country. The books were probably burnt, and in 1556 the furniture was removed by the university. Today, only three of Humfrey's original books remain in the library.
The Library was refitted and restored from 1598 by Sir Thomas Bodley and between 1610 and 1612, the east wing (now the Arts End) was added. The west wing (now the Selden End) was built 20 years later. The books in the oldest part are accommodated in oak bookcases which are at right angles to the walls on either side with integral readers' desks. The ceiling consists of panels painted with the arms of the university. Up until the opening of the new Weston Library in 2015, Duke Humfrey's Library functioned as a reading room for maps, music and pre-1641 rare books; it now serves as an additional reading room for users of the Bodleian Library.
Collections
Serving as an additional reading room for all users of the Bodleian, the Library consists of the original medieval section (1487), the Arts End (1612), and the Selden End (1637). It houses collections of maps, music, Western manuscripts, and theology and art materials. It is the main reading room for researchers of codicology, bibliography and local history, as well as it containing the University Archives and the Conservative Party Archive.
The Library is on the first floor and forms an H-shape with the later parts as the uprights. The Arts End is above the Proscholium and is attached at two corners to the Old Schools Quadrangle. The medieval section is above the Divinity School and Selden End (named after John Selden a benefactor of the library) is above the Convocation House.
A drawing of the medieval section with the Divinity School below in isolation is used as the emblem of the Bodleian Library.
Duke Humfrey's Library was used as the Hogwarts Library in the Harry Potter films.
References
External links
Bodleian Library |
13254787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright%20Handybus | Wright Handybus | The Wright Handybus was a single-decker bus body built primarily on Dennis Dart chassis by Wrightbus between 1990 and 1995. It was also built on a small number of the higher-floor Leyland Swift chassis. It has a bolted aluminium structure with two windscreen styles.
The outward styling was quite plain, with a flat front. Some vehicles had a single-piece flat windscreen whilst others had two, separate, flat windscreens with the glass on the driver's side being raked back, reminiscent of some 1950s single-decker buses and the Leyland Lynx.
London Regional Transport was the first and also the largest customer, buying nearly 200 Handybus bodied Dennis Darts. Go-Ahead Northern also bought over 80, and Ulsterbus and Citybus had 40 between them. The Handybus was succeeded in 1995 by the Crusader.
Preservation
A former London Regional Transport Handybus has been preserved by the London Transport Museum, Acton.
References
External links
Midibuses
Step-entrance buses
Vehicles introduced in 1990
Handybus |
43660582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffins%20on%20Io | Coffins on Io | Coffins on Io is the seventh studio album by avant-garde band Kayo Dot, released in the UK on August 14, 2014 and in the US on October 13 through experimental metal label The Flenser. It is a follow up to 2013's Hubardo. It's the first album from Kayo Dot to not be self-released since 2012's Gamma Knife. Coffins on Io marks a notable change in sound. It combines influences of Type O Negative, The Sisters of Mercy, Peter Gabriel, dark wave and other 80s electronic musicians. It combines aspects of electronic music, jazz fusion, post-punk, gothic rock and new wave. It was produced by Toby Driver.
Writing and recording
After releasing an album on The Flenser for one of Driver's other bands, Vaura, Driver gave the label four songs that he had considered releasing under a different band moniker. After the label's reception to the tracks, he decided to release it under the Kayo Dot moniker, the label signing the band to a contract then, the band's first music to be released by a label since 2010. The album began as a four-song experiment, and was transformed into a full-length album. Continuing the theme of the last album, the album was recorded by the full live band.
Music and lyrics
Driver has said that the album was influenced by dark wave as well as Type O Negative, Peter Gabriel and other similar electronic bands of the 1980s. Driver said in an interview that the album was heavily influenced by dark wave and was written as evoking "1980s retrofuture noir."
Driver's insistence that the album stay away from the influence of Hubardo resulted in an album that sounds drastically different from prior Kayo Dot albums. There are no growled vocals, and the album is not metal like many of the prior albums. In addition, this album relies heavily on repetition and melody, something prior Kayo Dot albums have strayed away from. Driver said in an interview that film heavily influenced the direction of the album, specifically Blade Runner.
Release and reception
The album was released on October 15 through The Flenser. It is available for purchase on The Flenser's site and Kayo Dot's bandcamp in MP3, FLAC, CD and LP. The album has received positive reviews, many praising the band's shift in music direction. Empty Lighthouse called it "Kayo Dot's best album to date" and celebrates its ability to "nail the noir feel," describing the album as "Lynchian". Re-views Media writer Michael Snoxall gave the album four stars out of five, saying the album feels familiar yet alien at the same time, and that the album is a "monumental" and "towering achievement." SputnikMusic gave it a 4/5, saying it "hums with sleek resonance" and calling the album "vibrant and exciting."
Track listing
Music by Toby Driver. Lyrics by Jason Byron.
Credits
Toby Driver - vocals, bass, synthesizer, piano
Daniel Means - alto sax, tenor sax
Ron Varod - guitar
Keith Abrams - drums
Tim Byrnes - synthesizer
References
2014 albums
Kayo Dot albums |
34367188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethmia%20iranella | Ethmia iranella | Ethmia iranella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It has been recorded from Asia Minor, Syria, Iran, Spain, Portugal, Hungary, Romania, Greece and southern Russia. It has recently been recorded from France and Italy.
The species was first described as a subspecies of Ethmia bipunctella, with type locality Elburs, Iran. It was later recognized as valid, separate species with a wider distribution.
The host-plant or host-plants of this species are not yet known, but Boraginaceae is likely.
References
Moths described in 1940
Ethmia
Moths of Europe
Insects of Turkey |
29165636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milev%20Rocks | Milev Rocks | Milev Rocks (, ‘Milevi Skali’ \'mi-le-vi ska-'li\) is the group of rocks off the north coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, situated east of Henfield Rock, south-southwest of Orsoya Rocks and southwest of Mellona Rocks, and extending in east-west direction and in north-south direction.
The rocks are named after the Bulgarian poet Geo Milev (pseudonym of Georgi Milyov Kasabov, 1895–1925).
Location
Milev Rocks are centred at , which is north-northwest of Newell Point. British mapping in 1968 and Bulgarian in 2009.
See also
Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands
List of Antarctic islands south of 60° S
SCAR
Territorial claims in Antarctica
Maps
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Milev Rocks. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Milev Rocks. Copernix satellite image
Rock formations of Robert Island
Bulgaria and the Antarctic |
11946566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Soncin | Andrea Soncin | Andrea Soncin (born 5 September 1978) is an Italian former footballer who last played for Montebelluna.
Football career
Soncin started his professional career at Solbiatese of Serie C2. He then played for Venezia youth team and then loaned back to Solbiatese for a season, and then for Vigevano in Serie D.
He then moved to Perugia of Serie A, but left for Sambenedettese of Serie C1 after 2 months.
On 2003/04 season, he first played for Fiorentina at Serie B then for Pistoiese at Serie C1. He was loaned to Lanciano of Serie C1 in summer 2004. He enjoy his best season at professional league, scored 21 goals.
Atalanta
On 21 July 2005, newly relegated Atalanta signed him. He made 31 league games in his first full Serie B season, and saw he followed Atalanta returned to Serie A.
He made his Serie A debut on 17 September 2006 against Catania. He just managed to play for Atalanta eight times that season, including one games scored against Triestina at Coppa Italia.
Ascoli
On 27 January 2007, he was on loan to Ascoli, to help the club avoid relegation.
He scored 6 goals for the club, just one goal behind team top scorer Saša Bjelanović, who played 10 more games than Soncin.
At the end of season, Ascoli finished 19th, fail to avoid relegation.
Padova
He signed a 2+1 contract with Padova in August 2009. Soncin left Padova at the end of season.
Grosseto
Return to Ascoli
Avellino
On 13 August 2013 he was signed by Avellino.
Pavia
On 17 July 2014 he was signed by A.C. Pavia.
AlbinoLeffe (loan)
On 31 August 2015 Soncin was signed by AlbinoLeffe, on loan from Pavia.
Montebelluna
On 24 October 2016 Soncin was signed by Serie D club Montebelluna.
References
External links
aic.football.it
Italian footballers
Venezia F.C. players
ACF Fiorentina players
S.S. Virtus Lanciano 1924 players
Atalanta B.C. players
U.S. Pistoiese 1921 players
A.C. Perugia Calcio players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. players
Calcio Padova players
F.C. Grosseto S.S.D. players
U.S. Avellino 1912 players
A.S.D. SolbiaSommese Calcio players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Serie D players
Association football forwards
People from Vigevano
1978 births
Living people
Vigevano Calcio players |
60780398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero%20Forte | Nero Forte | "Nero Forte" is a song by American heavy metal band Slipknot. Produced by Greg Fidelman, it was released as the fourth single from the band's sixth studio album We Are Not Your Kind on December 16, 2019.
Background
"Nero Forte" was released on December 16, 2019 as the band's fourth single off their sixth studio album We Are Not Your Kind, following after the release of "Birth of the Cruel" four months previously. The song's title "Nero" and "Forte" are Italian words that mean "black" and "strong" respectively. "Forte" can also mean something in which you excel.
Recording and meaning
Though the song title does not appear in the lyrics, it describes the darkness that Taylor sunk into. The depression was like an entity that he did not feel he had the strength to fight against. When talking about the song, guitarist Jim Root stated: "This is also a Clown song, which is amazing. This one is going to be great live. It's very percussive and reminiscent of "Psychosocial", but maybe an evolution of "Psychosocial". Obviously, Clown is a drummer and percussionist, but he's also a songwriter—and he always has been. Now we're able to collaborate as songwriters, and this is what we end up with. When Corey came in and started diving into the vocals, he came up with this extra melody in the chorus line, very late into the process. That really drew me into this song."
Music video
Shawn Crahan, Slipknot's percussionist and founder, directed the video along with a 20 minute short film titled Pollution, which would be released on the same day as the "Nero Forte". They were both recorded within two days, on both the 29th and 30 October. They were both initially to be released at some point during November, but for some reasons they did not come into fruition until a later date.
The "Nero Forte" music video stars the band, who jam out and perform in a white limbo, constantly flashed by coloured beaming lights, at points surrounding what seems to be a fan inside of a cocoon, which has something inside which appears to try to be trying to escape and be reborn.
As of December 2021, the song has 40 million views on YouTube.
Charts
References
Songs written by Corey Taylor
Songs written by Jim Root
Songs written by Shawn Crahan
2019 songs
2019 singles
Slipknot (band) songs
Roadrunner Records singles |
69985825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwish%20Muhammad | Darwish Muhammad | Khwaja Darwish Muhammad (Urdu خواجہ درویش محمد ) (846-971 AH) famous Sufi of Naqshbandī Sufi order . He was the nephew of Khwaja Muhammad Zahid Wakhshi.Khwaja Darwish Muhammad died on 1562 AD in Kitab, Uzbekistan, 100 km from Samarkand in the Shakhrisabz region of Uzbekistan.He passed his spiritual order to his son, Khwaja Muhammad Amkanagi. His shrine is in Kitab, Uzbekistan.
See also
Ahmad Sirhindi
References
Naqshbandi order
Sunni Sufis
Islamic philosophers
Hanafi fiqh scholars
Hanafis
Maturidis
Mujaddid
Hashemite people
Muslim saints
970 deaths |
45426011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20of%20Antonio%20Zambrano-Montes | Killing of Antonio Zambrano-Montes | The shooting of Antonio Zambrano-Montes occurred on February 10, 2015, in Pasco, Washington, United States. Zambrano, a 35-year-old man originally from Michoacán, Mexico, was shot and killed by three police officers after allegedly throwing rocks at cars and police officers. His hands were in the air when the police fired the shots. Police officers said one of the rocks was as large as a softball. A toxicology report conducted by police found Zambrano's blood tested positive for methamphetamine.
Zambrano-Montes' family initially filed a $4.8 million claim against the city of Pasco for the shooting, which they called an "execution", saying he "did not represent a threat of grievous bodily harm to anyone" at the time of his death. Two of the officers involved in the shooting were white, and one was Hispanic. The killing led to criticism by the Mexican government. with the country's President, Enrique Peña Nieto, condemning the officers' "disproportionate use of lethal force."
Background
Zambrano-Montes was raised in Michoacán, Mexico, the third of sixteen children born to Jesús Montes and Agapita Montes-Rivera. In 2004, he immigrated to the United States to work in the orchards. He was married with two daughters. His wife had previously obtained a protection order against him alleging abuse. Zambrano-Montes was in the country illegally and did not speak English. He was arrested for assaulting a police officer in January 2014. The police stated that he had tried to grab an officer's pistol in the officer's holster as well as throwing objects at the officers and trying to strike them with a mailbox. He pleaded guilty in June 2014. Prior to the incident, he had spent some time in a homeless shelter and was "struggling emotionally" after being unable to work after an injury. According to police reports, the officers first tried to subdue him with voice commands and then with a Taser.
Shooting
Three officers—Ryan Flanagan, Adam Wright and Adrian Alaniz—fired on Zambrano-Montes. Flanagan and Wright are white, and Alaniz is Hispanic. None of them were wearing body cameras. The shooting was caught on video by a civilian who recorded the incident from about 50 feet away showing Zambrano-Montes was running away from police, either with a rock in his hand or unarmed, and turned to face the officers before he was shot by them. Several weeks prior to the shooting, one of the officers, Adam Wright, had dragged Zambrano-Montes away from his burning rental home.
Aftermath
The death of Zambrano-Montes led to criticism by the Mexican government with Mexico's Congress calling the shooting an "act that outrages all Mexicans" and the country's President, Enrique Peña Nieto, condemning the officers' "disproportionate use of lethal force." There were also mass protests in Pasco, with many protesters attending from outside the local community. The Tri-City Herald reported that "turmoil continued in Pasco nearly two weeks after the controversial shooting of Antonio Zambrano-Montes," as protests are not typically of this size in this town. A small ongoing presence of activists was present at the Pasco City Hall.
The three officers involved in the shooting were placed on paid administrative leave. As of February 16, "a multiagency investigation was underway". A local group, Consejo Latino, called for an additional investigation by the United States Department of Justice. There are 68 officers on the police force in Pasco, of whom 14 (21%) are Hispanic. Pasco is 56% Hispanic.
On February 26, a report indicated "The U.S. Attorney's office for Eastern Washington ... [had joined] the FBI in keeping track of the investigation."
As of February 27, 2015, reports indicated that seventeen shots had been fired; there were conflicting reports regarding as to whether autopsy results indicated the victim had been shot in the back. The medical examiner's analysis was expected to be complete in about a month's time; transcripts of witness statements were not expected to be available for several weeks. Zambrano-Montes's family commissioned a third autopsy conducted by forensic pathologist Werner Spitz. A federal mediator from the US Justice Department was dispatched in late March to help to mediate talks between the Pasco police department and local community groups who believe the shooting was unjustified while Zambrano-Montes' widow has called for the three officers to be charged with murder. A request to Governor Jay Inslee by Latino advocacy group Consejo Latino to remove Franklin County Prosecutor Shawn Sant from the investigation was refused, on the basis that prosecutors were obligated to fully investigate and prosecute crimes absent "very specific, tangible, and compelling reasons."
Shawn Sant—along with Michael C. Ormsby, United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Washington—declined to file charges against the three officers, stating that the officers acted in good faith and without malice. Ryan Flanagan left the police department in July 2015 while on administrative leave. The other two officers, Adam Wright and Adrian Alaniz, eventually returned to duty.
Civil lawsuit
In 2015, the family of Zambrano filed a $25 million claim in federal court against the city of Pasco claiming excessive force led to his death. The family hired civil rights attorney Benjamin Crump who also represented the family of Trayvon Martin in Sanford, Florida and the family of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri; and Jose Baez, who represented Casey Anthony. The family later accepted a $700,000 settlement which was divided among Zambrano's two daughters, parents and widow.
References
2015 in Washington (state)
Deaths by firearm in Washington (state)
Latino people shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States
Protests in the United States
Filmed killings by law enforcement
Criminal rock-throwing |
50730195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Trenkel | Richard Trenkel | Richard Trenkel was an East German racing driver, who twice won his class of the DDR Sportscar Championship, in 1953 and 1953, who died 5 July 1964.
Racing driver
Trenkel was a competent racing driver who raced mainly between 1948 and 1963, who only even raced with East and West Germany. During these years, recording a number of good results, including 12 class wins and numerous podiums finishes, with the majority of these at national events. His greatest racing achievement, when partnered by Walter Schlüter, he finished fourth in the Internationales ADAC-1000 km Rennen Weltmeisterschaftslauf Nürburgring.
Sadly, Trenkel is best remembered for incident during the 1954 Sachsenring-Rennen Hohenstein-Ernstthal. During the race, Trenkel lost control of his Porsche, hit and killed three race officials. His last International event was 1963 Rallye Wiesbaden where he finished 11th overall.
Racing record
Career highlights
References
World Sportscar Championship drivers
1964 deaths
German racing drivers
East German sportsmen |
24174675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruscello | Bruscello | Bruscello is form of folk theatre with songs and music performed every year in the Tuscan town of Montepulciano, on or around 15 August. The word comes from arboscello, meaning small tree - one of the players always carries a small tree. Its origins, probably pagan, are unknown but it has been performed here for the last 500 years, and in its current form for the last 60 or so. In his book Italian Pageant Derek Patmore provides a detailed description of the 1947 performance that recounts the story of S. Margherita of Cortona.
References
Theatre in Italy
Theatrical genres
Musical theatre
Montepulciano |
7381369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BA%C4%8Dnica%20nad%20%C5%BDitavou | Lúčnica nad Žitavou | Lúčnica nad Žitavou () is a village and municipality in the Nitra District in western central Slovakia, in the Nitra Region. It arose in 1960 by merging of villages Martinová and Vajka nad Žitavou.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1113.
Geography
The village lies at an altitude of 137 metres and covers an area of 12.102 km². It has a population of about 905 people.
Ethnicity
The village is approximately 98% Slovak.
Facilities
The village has a public library and football pitch.
References
External links
http://www.lucnica.net
Villages and municipalities in Nitra District |
38013409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerila%20nigrivenosa | Amerila nigrivenosa | Amerila nigrivenosa is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Karl Grünberg in 1910. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda.
References
, 1910I in: (Ed.) Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise in Westlichen and Zentralen Süd-Afrika. Denkschriften der Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Jena 16 (Band 4): 91-146.
, 1997: A revision of the Afrotropical taxa of the genus Amerila Walker (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). Systematic Entomology 22 (1): 1-44.
Moths described in 1910
Amerilini
Insects of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Insects of Uganda
Moths of Africa |
49293155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral%2C%20Washington%20murders | Mineral, Washington murders | The Mineral, Washington murders, dubbed by the media as "the Tube Sock Killings," is a series of unsolved murders that occurred in remote areas of Lewis and Pierce County, Washington, near the remote community of Mineral, Washington, in 1985. The murder cases were widely publicized, and were featured on the television series Unsolved Mysteries in 1989.
Case
Harkins and Cooper
On August 10, 1985, Steven Harkins, 27, and his girlfriend, Ruth Cooper, 42, left their Tacoma, Washington home for a weekend camping trip at Tule Lake in Pierce County. When the two did not return to their jobs at a Tacoma vocational school the following Monday, their families reported them missing. Four days later, on August 14, hikers passing through Pierce County found Harkins' body near a remote campsite. He had been shot in the head, and his body, still in a sleeping bag, suggested he had been murdered while sleeping. Nearby, searchers also found Harkins' and Cooper's pet dog, who had been shot to death as well. At the time, law enforcement suspected that the case may have been connected to the murders of Edward Smith and Kimberly Diane La Vine, a couple from Kent, Washington who were abducted, murdered, and disposed of in a gravel pit near the Columbia River in March 1985.
On October 26, a skull was found at the dead end of Eighth Avenue South, near Harts Lake, about from where Harkins' body was found. Dental records confirmed the skull belonged to Cooper, and two days later on October 28, her body and her purse were also recovered from the area, from where her skull had been found. A tube sock had been tied around Cooper's neck. According to the autopsy, Cooper had died of "homicidal violence," though a spokesman later stated she had died of a gunshot wound to the abdomen. After the discovery of Cooper, the murders were publicized by Crime Stoppers in an attempt to recover information leading to the arrest of those responsible.
Riemer and Robertson
Over a month after the discovery of Ruth Cooper, on December 12, 1985, Mike Riemer, 36, his girlfriend, Diana Robertson, 21, and their daughter, Crystal Louise Robertson, age 2, traveled from their Tacoma home to Pierce County, planning to find a camp site near the Nisqually River. Riemer, an animal trapper, also planned to check on traps he had set in the area. Later that evening, customers at a Kmart store north in Spanaway found the couple's daughter, Crystal, standing outside the store entrance. Crystal was placed in temporary foster care until her maternal grandmother saw her photograph on a local news broadcast two days later. When asked where her mother was, the dazed two-year-old told her grandmother that her "Mommy was in the trees." According to investigators, the two-year-old was "not nearly verbal enough" to provide any information.
Police searched the area both on foot and by air, looking for evidence of Riemer's red 1982 Plymouth pickup truck, but efforts remained fruitless. On February 18, 1986, over two months after the couple's disappearance, the body of Diana Robertson was discovered half-buried in snow by a motorist near a logging road off of Washington State Route 7 in Mineral. Bloodhounds scoured the area in the following days, but of snowfall impeded the search. Riemer's pickup truck was also found near Robertson's body.
In the truck, police discovered a note on the dashboard that read "I love you, Diana." It was written on a manila envelope. Robertson's mother claimed the handwriting was that of Riemer. Bloodstains were also found on the seat of the truck. An autopsy revealed that Diana Robertson had been stabbed seventeen times, and, as with Ruth Cooper, was also found with a tube sock tied around her neck.
Due to Riemer's disappearance, investigators believed he may have been responsible for Robertson's murder, and had abandoned his daughter at the Kmart store and then subsequently fled. Police theorized that Riemer may have been responsible for Harkins' and Cooper's murders as well; an alternate theory, however, claimed that Riemer was also a victim of the same killer who had murdered Robertson, Harkins, and Cooper.
In February 1986, after the discovery of Robertson's body, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer published an article revealing that Riemer had been charged with domestic assault against Robertson on October 19, 1985. However, the couple had reconciled by December, the month in which they disappeared. Riemer, who worked as a roofer at Seattle’s Queen City Sheet Metal and Roofing Inc., was described by his employer as a "typical roofer who worked hard and played hard."
2011 development
On March 26, 2011, hikers discovered a partial human skull later determined to be that of Mike Riemer. It was found in an area within a mile radius of where Robertson's body had been discovered in 1986. After recovery of the skull, Lewis County investigators stated that they believed Riemer could have been a possible victim of homicide as well, though his cause of death could not be determined. Based on the condition of the skull, however, authorities were able to rule out a gunshot wound to the head.
Media depiction
In September 1989, the case was featured by the series Unsolved Mysteries.
See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
List of serial killers in the United States
List of solved missing person cases
List of unsolved murders
References
External links
Audio segment on The Trail Went Cold podcast
Case profile at unsolved.com
Michael Lloyd Riemer at Find a Grave
Diana Robertson at Find a Grave
1980s missing person cases
1985 in Washington (state)
1985 murders in the United States
August 1985 events in the United States
December 1985 events in the United States
August 1985 crimes
December 1985 crimes
American murder victims
Couples
Crimes in Washington (state)
Deaths by firearm in Washington (state)
Deaths by stabbing in the United States
Formerly missing people
Fugitives
Missing person cases in Washington (state)
Murder in Washington (state)
People murdered in Washington (state)
Serial murders in the United States
Unidentified serial killers
Unsolved murders in the United States |
48892446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20bug%20fixing | Automatic bug fixing | Automatic bug-fixing is the automatic repair of software bugs without the intervention of a human programmer. It is also commonly referred to as automatic patch generation, automatic bug repair, or automatic program repair. The typical goal of such techniques is to automatically generate correct patches to eliminate bugs in software programs without causing software regression.
Specification
Automatic bug fixing is made according to a specification of the expected behavior which can be for instance a formal specification or a test suite.
A test-suite – the input/output pairs specify the functionality of the program, possibly captured in assertions can be used as a test oracle to drive the search. This oracle can in fact be divided between the bug oracle that exposes the faulty behavior, and the regression oracle, which encapsulates the functionality any program repair method must preserve. Note that a test suite is typically incomplete and does not cover all possible cases. Therefore, it is often possible for a validated patch to produce expected outputs for all inputs in the test suite but incorrect outputs for other inputs. The existence of such validated but incorrect patches is a major challenge for generate-and-validate techniques. Recent successful automatic bug-fixing techniques often rely on additional information other than the test suite, such as information learned from previous human patches, to further identify correct patches among validated patches.
Another way to specify the expected behavior is to use formal specifications Verification against full specifications that specify the whole program behavior including functionalities is less common because such specifications are typically not available in practice and the computation cost of such verification is prohibitive. For specific classes of errors, however, implicit partial specifications are often available. For example, there are targeted bug-fixing techniques validating that the patched program can no longer trigger overflow errors in the same execution path.
Techniques
Generate-and-validate
Generate-and-validate approaches compile and test each candidate patch to collect all validated patches that produce expected outputs for all inputs in the test suite. Such a technique typically starts with a test suite of the program, i.e., a set of test cases, at least one of which exposes the bug. An early generate-and-validate bug-fixing systems is GenProg. The effectiveness of generate-and-validate techniques remains controversial, because they typically do not provide patch correctness guarantees. Nevertheless, the reported results of recent state-of-the-art techniques are generally promising. For example, on systematically collected 69 real world bugs in eight large C software programs, the state-of-the-art bug-fixing system Prophet generates correct patches for 18 out of the 69 bugs.
One way to generate candidate patches is to apply mutation operators on the original program. Mutation operators manipulate the original program, potentially via its abstract syntax tree representation, or a more coarse-grained representation such as operating at the statement-level or block-level. Earlier genetic improvement approaches operate at the statement level and carry out simple delete/replace operations such as deleting an existing statement or replacing an existing statement with another statement in the same source file. Recent approaches use more fine-grained operators at the abstract syntax tree level to generate more diverse set of candidate patches.
Another way to generate candidate patches consists of using fix templates. Fix templates are typically predefined changes for fixing specific classes of bugs. Examples of fix templates include inserting a conditional statement to check whether the value of a variable is null to fix null pointer exception, or changing an integer constant by one to fix off-by-one errors. It is also possible to automatically mine fix templates for generate-and-validate approaches.
Many generate-and-validate techniques rely on the redundancy insight: the code of the patch can be found elsewhere in the application. This idea was introduced in the Genprog system, where two operators, addition and replacement of AST nodes, were based on code taken from elsewhere (i.e. adding an existing AST node). This idea has been validated empirically, with two independent studies that have shown that a significant proportion of commits (3%-17%) are composed of existing code. Beyond the fact that the code to reuse exists somewhere else, it has also been shown that the context of the potential repair ingredients is useful: often, the donor context is similar to the recipient context.
Synthesis-based
Repair techniques exist that are based on symbolic execution. For example, Semfix uses symbolic execution to extract a repair constraint. Angelix introduced the concept of angelic forest in order to deal with multiline patches.
Under certain assumptions, it is possible to state the repair problem as a synthesis problem.
SemFix and Nopol uses component-based synthesis.
Dynamoth uses dynamic synthesis.
S3 is based on syntax-guided synthesis.
SearchRepair converts potential patches into an SMT formula and queries candidate patches that allow the patched program to pass all supplied test cases.
Data-driven
Machine learning techniques can improve the effectiveness of automatic bug-fixing systems. One example of such techniques learns from past successful patches from human developers collected from open source repositories in GitHub and SourceForge. It then use the learned information to recognize and prioritize potentially correct patches among all generated candidate patches. Alternatively, patches can be directly mined from existing sources. Example approaches include mining patches from donor applications or from QA web sites. Learning can done online, aka continual learning, with the known precedent of online learning of patches from the stream of open source build results from continuous integration.
SequenceR uses sequence-to-sequence learning on source code in order to generate one-line patches. It defines a neural network architecture that works well with source code, with the copy mechanism that allows to produce patches with tokens that are not in the learned vocabulary. Those tokens are taken from the code of the Java class under repair.
Getafix is a language-agnostic approach developed and used in production at Facebook. Given a sample of code commits where engineers fixed a certain kind of bug, it learns human-like fix patterns that apply to future bugs of the same kind. Besides using Facebook's own code repositories as training data, Getafix learnt some fixes from open source Java repositories. When new bugs get detected, Getafix applies its previously learnt patterns to produce candidate fixes and ranks them within seconds. It presents only the top-ranked fix for final validation by tools or an engineer, in order to save resources and ideally be so fast that no human time was spent on fixing the same bug, yet.
Other
Targeted automatic bug-fixing techniques generate repairs for specific classes of errors such as null pointer exception integer overflow , buffer overflow , memory leak , etc.. Such techniques often use empirical fix templates to fix bugs in the targeted scope. For example, insert a conditional statement to check whether the value of a variable is null or insert missing memory deallocation statements. Comparing to generate-and-validate techniques, targeted techniques tend to have better bug-fixing accuracy but a much narrowed scope.
Use
There are multiple uses of automatic bug fixing:
In a development environment: When encountering a bug the developer activates a feature to search for a patch (for instance by clicking on a button). This search can also happen in the background, when the IDE proactively searches for solutions to potential problems, without waiting for explicit action from the developer.
In a continuous integration server: When a build fails during continuous integration, a patch search can be attempted as soon as the build has failed. If the search is successful, the patch is provided to the developer. When a synthesized patch is suggested to the developers as pull-request, an explanation has to be provided in addition to the code changes (e.g. a pull request title and description). An experiment has shown that generated patches can be accepted by open-source developers and merged in the code repository.
At runtime: When a failure happens at runtime, a binary patch can be searched for and applied online. An example of such a repair system is ClearView, which does repair on x86 code, with x86 binary patches. The Itzal system is different from Clearview: while the repair search happens at runtime, in production, the produced patches are at the source code level. The BikiniProxy system does online repair of JavaScript errors happening in the browser.
Search space
In essence, automatic bug fixing is a search activity, whether deductive-based or heuristic-based. The search space of automatic bug fixing is composed of all edits that can be possibly made to a program. There have been studies to understand the structure of this search space. Qi et al. showed that the original fitness function of Genprog is not better than random search to drive the search. Martinez et al. explored the imbalance between possible repair actions, showing its significant impact on the search. Long et al.'s study indicated that correct patches can be considered as sparse in the search space and that incorrect overfitting patches are vastly more abundant (see also discussion about overfitting below).
If one explicitly enumerates all possible variants in a repair algorithm, this defines a design space for program repair. Each variant selects an algorithm involved at some point in the repair process (e.g. the fault localization algorithm), or selects a specific heuristic which yields different patches. For instance, in the design space of generate-and-validate program repair, there is one variation point about the granularity of the program elements to be modified: an expression, a statement, a block, etc.
It is also possible to analyze whether known search spaces encompass existing commits. Such a search space analysis means mining a software repository, this results in an approximation of the applicability and usefulness of a given repair algorithm.
Overfitting
Sometimes, in test-suite based program repair, tools generate patches that pass the test suite, yet are actually incorrect, this is known as the "overfitting" problem. "Overfitting" in this context refers to the fact that the patch overfits to the test inputs. There are different kinds of overfitting: incomplete fixing means that only some buggy inputs are fixed, regression introduction means some previously working features are broken after the patch (because they were poorly tested). Early prototypes for automatic repair suffered a lot from overfitting: on the Manybugs C benchmark, Qi et al. reported that 104/110 of plausible GenProg patches were overfitting; on the Defects4J Java benchmark, Martinez et al. reported that 73/84 plausible patches as overfitting. In the context of synthesis-based repair, Le et al. obtained more than 80% of overfitting patches.
One way to avoid overfitting is to filter out the generated patches. This can be done based on dynamic analysis, or static code analysis of the generated patches. When a reference patch is available, a state of the art technique is to generate tests based on the patched version, such that the generated tests capture the expected behavior. While the sampling of the input domain by test generation is incomplete by construction, it has been shown to be effective at detecting overfitting patches, and even at finding human errors done during manual classification of patches.
Limitations of automatic bug-fixing
Automatic bug-fixing techniques that rely on a test suite do not provide patch correctness guarantees, because the test suite is incomplete and does not cover all cases. A weak test suite may cause generate-and-validate techniques to produce validated but incorrect patches that have negative effects such as eliminating desirable functionalities, causing memory leaks, and introducing security vulnerabilities. One possible approach is to amplify the failing test suite by automatically generating further test cases that are then labelled as passing or failing. To minimize the human labelling effort, an automatic test oracle can be trained that gradually learns to automatically classify test cases as passing or failing and only engages the bug-reporting user for uncertain cases.
A limitation of generate-and-validate repair systems is the search space explosion. For a program, there are a large number of statements to change and for each statement there are a large number of possible modifications. State-of-the-art systems address this problem by assuming that a small modification is enough for fixing a bug, resulting in a search space reduction.
The limitation of approaches based on symbolic analysis is that real world programs are often converted to intractably large formulas especially for modifying statements with side effects.
Benchmarks
Benchmarks of bugs typically focus on one specific programming language.
In C, the Manybugs benchmark collected by GenProg authors contains 69 real world defects and it is widely used to evaluate many other bug-fixing tools for C.
In Java, the main benchmark is Defects4J, initially explored by Martinez et al., and now extensively used in most research papers on program repair for Java. Alternative benchmarks exist, such as the Quixbugs benchmark, which contains original bugs for program repair. Other benchmarks of Java bugs include Bugs.jar, based on past commits, and BEARS which is a benchmark of continuous integration build failures.
Example tools
Automatic bug-fixing is an active research topic in computer science. There are many implementations of various bug-fixing techniques especially for C and Java programs. Note that most of these implementations are research prototypes for demonstrating their techniques, i.e., it is unclear whether their current implementations are ready for industrial usage or not.
C
ClearView: A generate-and-validate tool of generating binary patches for deployed systems. It is evaluated on 10 security vulnerability cases. A later study shows that it generates correct patches for at least 4 of the 10 cases.
GenProg: A seminal generate-and-validate bug-fixing tool. It has been extensively studied in the context of the ManyBugs benchmark.
SemFix: The first solver-based bug-fixing tool for C.
CodePhage: The first bug-fixing tool that directly transfer code across programs to generate patch for C program. Note that although it generates C patches, it can extract code from binary programs without source code.
LeakFix: A tool that automatically fixes memory leaks in C programs.
Prophet: The first generate-and-validate tool that uses machine learning techniques to learn useful knowledge from past human patches to recognize correct patches. It is evaluated on the same benchmark as GenProg and generate correct patches (i.e., equivalent to human patches) for 18 out of 69 cases.
SearchRepair: A tool for replacing buggy code using snippets of code from elsewhere. It is evaluated on the IntroClass benchmark and generates much higher quality patches on that benchmark than GenProg, RSRepair, and AE.
Angelix: An improved solver-based bug-fixing tool. It is evaluated on the GenProg benchmark. For 10 out of the 69 cases, it generate patches that is equivalent to human patches.
Learn2Fix: The first human-in-the-loop semi-automatic repair tool. Extends GenProg to learn the condition under which a semantic bug is observed by systematic queries to the user who is reporting the bug. Only works for programs that take and produce integers.
Java
PAR: A generate-and-validate tool that uses a set of manually defined fix templates. A later study raised concerns about the generalizability of the fix templates in PAR.
NOPOL: A solver-based tool focusing on modifying condition statements.
QACrashFix: A tool that fixes Java crash bugs by mining fixes from Q&A web site.
Astor: An automatic repair library for Java, containing jGenProg, a Java implementation of GenProg.
ARJA: A repair tool for Java based on multi-objective genetic programming.
NpeFix: An automatic repair tool for NullPointerException in Java, available on Github.
Other languages
AutoFixE: A bug-fixing tool for Eiffel language. It relies the contracts (i.e., a form of formal specification) in Eiffel programs to validate generated patches.
Getafix: Operates purely on AST transformations and thus requires only a parser and formatter. At Facebook it has been applied to Hack, Java and Objective-C.
Proprietary
DeepCode integrates public and private GitHub, GitLab and Bitbucket repositories to identify code-fixes and improve software.
References
External links
datasets, tools, etc., related to automated program repair research.
Debugging
Software development |
9077910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%2040%20%28MTA%20Maryland%29 | Route 40 (MTA Maryland) | Route 40 is a limited stop bus route, identified as a "QuickBus", operated by the Maryland Transit Administration in Baltimore and its suburbs. The line currently runs from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in Woodlawn to Middle River, both in Baltimore County, Maryland (on opposite sides) with selected trips terminating at Downtown Baltimore City Hall, passing through the west and east sides and the downtown area of Baltimore City. Service operates every 12 minutes during rush hour, and every 15 minutes at most other times during its hours of operation. The line serves the corridors of Edmondson Avenue in West Baltimore, including the communities of Edmondson Village, Allendale, and Rosemont, and Fayette Street and Eastern Avenue in East Baltimore, serving Patterson Park, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and Essex.
Unlike a local bus, the 40 does not stop at every bus stop along its route. Rather, its stops are limited to certain locations of importance, including transfer points to other bus lines, major landmarks, and other busy intersections selected by MTA. In all, there are 32 stops along the route in each direction, which are all identified in printed timetables.
History
The Route 40 started operating on October 23, 2005 as part of the Greater Baltimore Bus Initiative, a plan of then-governor Robert L. Ehrlich for streamlining and simplifying the Baltimore transit system. Unlike a rail line, this addition did not require any construction. The bus route was intended to resemble the proposed Red Line that is currently being studied for the Baltimore region.
When it started operating, Route 40 ran from Security Square Mall to the Essex Park-and-Ride lot on Eastern Avenue. Weekday service operated every 10 minutes during rush hour and midday. On February 5 the following year, it was extended to Middle River and reduced to one bus every 12–15 minutes.
On June 10, 2007, the eastern layover was moved to a safer location at Old Eastern and Vincent Avenues. The western layover was moved to CMS on February 8, 2009 and the stop at Security Square Mall was moved from the parking lot of the mall to a point along Security Boulevard adjacent to the mall lot.
Quickbus 40 PLUS Service
Enhanced service for West Baltimore residents on the QuickBus 40 will begin October 25th, 2015. The enhanced service will increase frequency and reliability on the line between the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid in Baltimore County and City Hall in Baltimore City.
Customer will find additional bus trips added on west side between CMS and City Hall to enhance off-peak and weekend access to jobs.
Criticism
Route 40 received a lot of criticism following its inauguration from riders, politicians, and the media. This criticism resulted in some changes being made to the route, schedule, and other details.
The service, which was projected to have a daily ridership level of 27,000, fell far short of that goal. Many riders waiting for other buses at common stops complained about seeing a lot of empty Route 40 buses. This resulted in its weekday frequency being reduced.
Low ridership and unrealistic time allocation initially being built into the schedule resulted in poor on-time performance and buses clumping together. As one bus fell behind schedule while busy picking up passengers, the one behind it got ahead after stops had been cleared of waiting passengers, and ultimately caught up to the earlier bus. This left larger gaps between buses.
Financial resources needed in order to operate this service were obtained by cutting back on the amount of local bus service along common streets of operation, mostly on Route 23, which had its level of service cut by nearly 50% when Route 40 was introduced. This brought the number of local buses on these busy streets below the demand.
The service's original route had an eastern terminus at Essex Park-and-Ride lot, which was more than a mile short of the transfer point for some other lines, including Routes 24 and 55. An extension in February 2006 to Middle River allowed riders to transfer directly to those routes.
On the west side of the route, there is no designated Park-and-Ride lot allowing motorists to park their vehicles and catch the bus. Security Square Mall has not allocated any spaces for riders of Route 40, and an existing park-and-ride lot at the end of I-70 is not within a practical or pedestrian friendly walk of a bus stop.
While rapid transit lines are generally modeled for commuter purposes, QuickBus is marketed only to those who do not own vehicles and depend on a neighborhood bus stop.
Tracking of buses
At 11 stops along the route, a new experimental system was installed late in 2006. Electronic signs at these stops, tied into a GPS system, indicate the expected time of arrival for the next bus, so riders do not have to rely on a less reliable printed schedule. MTA is considering implementing this system at many more bus stops along other routes in the future.
This system has been highly criticized. It is expensive, and money spent on it has not been spent on improving bus service around the Baltimore area. Even when fully in place, these signs will only be found at a small percentage of bus stops, and will not be useful to everyone.
QuickBus Structuring
On December 21, 2006, Bus Route 40 was rebranded as "QuickBus" in order to better promote the service. Special pylons were added at selected stops to mark the locations.
The name "QuickBus" was synonymous with Bus Route 40 until August 30, 2009, when another QuickBus line, known as Route 48, started operation along the Greenmount Ave/York Rd corridor. The MTA had added two more QuickBus lines: Route 46 and Route 47 on August 29, 2010.
References
Bus rapid transit in Maryland
40
Transportation at Johns Hopkins Hospital
2005 establishments in Maryland |
2790038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamogo | Karamogo | The Karamogo were the scholar class among the peaceful Dyula traders of Western Africa, of which Al-Hajj Salim Suwari was a prominent member. The Karamogo developed theological rationales for living among non-Muslims, arguing that one should nurture one's own faith and let conversion happen in its own time. Accordingly, jihad should not be waged except in defensive contexts.
Ethnic groups in Ghana
Ethnic groups in Guinea
Ethnic groups in Mali
Ethnic groups in Senegal
Islamic philosophical schools |
58553401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Pascoe | Peter Pascoe | Peter Pascoe (born 1953) is an Australian Paralympic athlete. He was the only Australian male athlete to compete in shooting events at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in the Netherlands. He competed at the Stoke Mandeville Games in England and National Paraplegic & Quadriplegic Games.
Personal
Pascoe was born in 1953. During his childhood years he contracted Polio while living in the Adelaide suburb of Clarence Gardens, South Australia.
Career
In 1983, at the 32nd Stoke Mandeville Games Aylesbury in England, Pascoe competed in air pistol shooting, class 2-6, finished in 11th position in the final round with a score of 515 points.
At the 1980 Summer Paralympics held in the Netherlands, Pascoe competed in air pistol shooting events.
Prior to 1983, Pascoe competed at a number of Australian National Paraplegic & Quadriplegic Games. At the 12th National Games Melbourne, in 1981, he finished in 2nd position in the Open division air pistol shooting, 1 silver medal - B Team basketball. At the 11th National Paraplegic & Quadriplegic Games held in Melville Western Australia in 1979, Pascoe competed in air pistol shooting, air rifle shooting and B Team basketball events. At the 10th National Paraplegic & Quadriplegic Games held in Hobart Tasmania, in 1977, Pascoe competed in three sports. Shot Putt, 1 silver medal - B Team basketball, 1 silver medal - weightlifting. There were five novice members in this team including Pascoe. He was acknowledged for his personal best in weightlifting.
References
1953 births
Living people
Shooters at the 1980 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic shooters of Australia |
66430273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakkar%20%28film%29 | Chakkar (film) | Chakkar is an upcoming Pakistani murder mystery film directed by Yasir Nawaz and produced by Farid Nawaz Productions. The film stars Ahsan Khan, Neelam Muneer and Yasir Nawaz, with Jawed Sheikh and Danish Nawaz in supporting roles.
Cast
Ahsan Khan
Neelam Muneer
Yasir Nawaz
Jawed Sheikh
Naveed Raza
Danish Nawaz
Mehmood Aslam
Ahmed Hassan
Production
The film was officially announced in 2019 with Feroze Khan and Mawra Hocane in the leading cast. In early 2020, it revealed that Khan has been replaced by Ahsan Khan while Neelam Muneer has replaced Hocane. The film's principal photography began on March 2020 in Karachi. The film was wrapped up on 27 December 2020.
Soundtrack
The music of the film is composed by Mere Paas Tum Ho and Do Bol composer Naveed Naushad. Among those are the film’s three songs, according to the director: “The songs and music blend well into the overall narrative and take the plot forward.”
Release
On January 2021, it was announced that it is set to be released on the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr 2022.
References
Pakistani films
Urdu-language films
Lollywood films
Pakistani action films
Upcoming films
Unreleased Pakistani films |
57919268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Gee | Walter Gee | Walter Gee (died 14 June 1924) was a British trade union leader and politician.
Gee live in Hyde, and came to prominence in the Hyde and District Cardroom Workers' Association, in time being elected as its secretary. The union was affiliated to the Cardroom Workers' Amalamgation (CWA), and in about 1894, he was elected to its executive committee. The CWA was, in turn, affiliated to the United Textile Factory Workers' Association, and Gee was elected as its president in 1919, winning re-election each year thereafter.
Gee was also elected to Hyde Town Council and served for six years around the turn of the century. In his spare time, he served as a magistrate.
Gee became seriously ill early in 1924 and died in June.
References
Year of birth missing
1924 deaths
Councillors in Greater Manchester
People from Hyde, Greater Manchester
Presidents of the United Textile Factory Workers' Association |
43598372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crambus%20sargentellus | Crambus sargentellus | Crambus sargentellus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Alexander Barrett Klots in 1942. It is found in the US states of Arizona and New Mexico.
The length of the forewings is 13-17.3 mm. The ground color of the forewings is pale brownish yellow, but lighter towards the inner margin. The hindwings are pale, grayish brown, rather thinly scaled.
Etymology
The species is named for Dr. William D. Sargent of the College of the City of New York.
References
Crambini
Moths described in 1942
Moths of North America |
804475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E2%80%9384%20United%20States%20network%20television%20schedule | 1983–84 United States network television schedule | The following is the 1983–84 network television schedule for the three major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1983 through August 1984. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1982–83 season. All times are Eastern and Pacific, with certain exceptions, such as Monday Night Football.
New series are highlighted in bold.
Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.
Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season.
Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season.
Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season.
PBS is not included; member stations have local flexibility over most of their schedules and broadcast times for network shows may vary.
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Note: Starting January 7, 1984, Whiz Kids replaced Cutter to Houston at 8:00/7:00 CST due to the latters cancellation. After airing the two-hour pilot episode of Airwolf on January 22, 1984, following Super Bowl XVIII, CBS ran Airwolf in its first season at 9:00 EST/8:00 CST Saturdays starting with the episode "Daddy's Gone A Hunt'n" on January 28, 1984. Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer starring Stacy Keach as Mike Hammer also premiered on CBS on January 28, 1984, at 10:00 EST/9:00 CST.
By network
ABC
Returning Series20/20The ABC Sunday Night MovieABC NFL Monday Night FootballThe ABC Monday Night Movie9 to 5BensonDynastyThe Fall GuyFantasy IslandHappy DaysHart to HartLife's Most Embarrassing MomentsThe Love BoatMatt HoustonMonday Night BaseballRipley's Believe It or Not!T. J. HookerThat's Incredible!Three's CompanyTwo Marriages *
New Seriesa.k.a. Pablo *Automan *Blue Thunder *Foul-Ups, Bleeps & Blunders *Hardcastle and McCormickHotelIt's Not EasyJust Our LuckLottery!Masquerade *Oh MadelineShaping Up *Trauma CenterWebsterNot returning from 1982–83:Amanda'sAt EaseBaby Makes FiveCondoThe Greatest American HeroHigh PerformanceIt Takes TwoLaverne & ShirleyThe New Odd CoupleThe QuestThe RenegadesRyan's FourStar of the FamilyTales of the Gold MonkeyToo Close for Comfort ^
CBS
Returning Series60 MinutesAliceCagney & Lacey *DallasThe Dukes of HazzardFalcon CrestGoodnight, BeantownThe JeffersonsKnots LandingMagnum, P.I.The MississippiNewhartOne Day at a TimeRosieSimon & SimonTrapper John, M.D.New SeriesAirwolf *The American Parade *AfterMASHCutter to HoustonDomestic Life *Emerald Point N.A.S.Empire *The Four Seasons *Kate & Allie *Maggie BriggsMama Malone *Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer *Scarecrow and Mrs. KingWhiz KidsNot returning from 1982–83:Ace Crawford, Private EyeArchie Bunker's PlaceBring 'Em Back AliveFilthy RichFoot in the DoorGloriaGun ShyM*A*S*HPrivate BenjaminSeven Brides for Seven BrothersSmall & FryeSquare PegsTucker's WitchWalt DisneyWizards and WarriorsZorro and SonNBC
Returning SeriesThe A-TeamBuffalo Bill *CheersDiff'rent StrokesThe Facts of LifeFamily TiesGimme a Break!Hill Street BluesKnight RiderMama's FamilyNBC Monday Night at the MoviesReal PeopleRemington SteeleSt. ElsewhereSilver SpoonsNew SeriesBay City BluesBooneComedy Zone *Double Trouble *The Duck Factory *First CameraFor Love and HonorJennifer Slept HereLegmen *ManimalThe Master *Mr. SmithThe New Show *Night Court *People Are Funny *Riptide *The RoustersSummer Sunday U.S.A. *TV's Bloopers & Practical Jokes *We Got It MadeThe Yellow RoseNot returning from 1982–83:Bare EssenceCHiPsThe Devlin ConnectionFame ^The Family TreeFather MurphyGavilanLittle House: A New BeginningLove, SidneyMonitorThe News is the NewsThe Powers of Matthew StarQuincy, M.E.TaxiTeachers OnlyVoyagers!''
Note: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason. An ^ indicates a show that came back in first-run syndication after a network cancellation.
References
United States primetime network television schedules
1983 in American television
1984 in American television |
47575721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filatima%20tephrinopa | Filatima tephrinopa | Filatima tephrinopa is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Texas.
The wingspan is 15–17 mm. The forewings are rather dark grey, more or less irrorated black, sometimes some slight scattered black marks, in one example a short line black longitudinal streak from just beneath the apex. The discal stigmata form small indistinct blackish-grey spots obscurely ringed or partly edged whitish-grey, the first roundish or somewhat elongate, the second smaller, some dark suffusion or marking between and before them, the plical forming an elongate mark. The hindwings are grey.
References
Moths described in 1929
Filatima |
48658768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Dyer | Robin Dyer | Robin Dyer is a former English cricketer and is the Headmaster of Ampleforth College, a co-educational Catholic boarding school in North Yorkshire.
Dyer was born in Hertford. He studied at Durham University (Collingwood College) and captained the cricket team, having already made appearances for the Warwickshire 2nd XI. He graduated from Durham with a degree in Politics. He appeared in 65 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium pace. He scored 2,843 runs, making three first-class hundreds and 18 fifties, with a highest score of 109* and held 39 catches. He took no wickets with a best performance of none for 2.
In one day cricket, he played 42 matches for Warwickshire, making one century and two scores of fifty, and played in the 1984 Benson and Hedges Cup final at Lord's, when Warwickshire lost to Lancashire.
After leaving Warwickshire in 1986 Dyer became a schoolmaster teaching Politics at Wellington College. He was a Housemaster there from 1990 to 2002 and was promoted to Second Master in 2002, continuing until 2019 and serving as Acting Master in the Michaelmas term of 2005 and in the Lent term of 2014. He worked on the project to create Wellington College International Tianjin and its sister schools in Shanghai and also on the partnership with the Wellington College Academy. He was also in charge of the cricket 1st XI from 1989 to 2003.
In July 2020, Dyer was appointed as Headmaster of Ampleforth College and took up the post in September.
Notes
1958 births
English cricketers
Headmasters of Ampleforth College
Warwickshire cricketers
Living people
Alumni of Collingwood College, Durham |
22885605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian%20spider%20monkey | Colombian spider monkey | The Colombian spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps rufiventris), is a subspecies of the Black-headed spider monkey, a type of New World monkey, found in Colombia and Panama. Some authorities, such as Froelich (1991), Collins and Dubach (2001) and Nieves (2005), do not recognize the Black-headed spider monkey as a distinct species and so treat the Colombian spider monkey as a subspecies of Geoffroy's spider monkey.
The Colombian spider monkey lives in dry forests, humid forests and cloud forests, and can live up to above sea level. It is entirely black with some white on its chin while the Brown-headed spider monkey (A. f. fusciceps) has a black or brown body and a brown head.
The spider monkey has a black body and long limbs with thumb-less hands. It has a prehensile and extremely flexible tail, which acts as an extra limb. The tail has a hairless patch on the tip that is used for grip. This hairless patch is unique in its markings, just like the human fingerprint. Colombian spider monkeys can weigh up to 9.1 kg (20 pounds). Fruit makes up eighty percent of the spider monkey's diet, which also includes leaves, nuts, seeds, bark, insects, and flowers. Spider monkeys contribute to the dispersion of undigested seeds from the fruits they eat. This monkey lives approximately 24 years.
Spider monkeys are found in social groups of up to 30 individuals; however, they are usually broken up into smaller foraging groups of 3-4 individuals. They move and climb through the forest by hand over hand (brachiation) motion.
References
External links
Animal Bytes
Primates of Central America
Mammals of Colombia
Spider monkeys
Mammals described in 1872
Taxa named by Philip Sclater |
60958618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmerovo%2C%20Bakalinsky%20District%2C%20Republic%20of%20Bashkortostan | Akhmerovo, Bakalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan | Akhmerovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Starokuruchevsky Selsoviet, Bakalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 41 as of 2010. There is 1 street.
Geography
Akhmerovo is located 27 km southeast of Bakaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novokuruchevo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Bakalinsky District |
57092888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Steiner%20Store | John Steiner Store | The John Steiner Store is located in Alma, Wisconsin. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.
References
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Department stores on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places in Buffalo County, Wisconsin
Defunct department stores based in Wisconsin
Brick buildings and structures
Commercial buildings completed in 1883 |
18116603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20settlements%20in%20the%20Federation%20of%20Bosnia%20and%20Herzegovina/V | List of settlements in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina/V |
Va
Vašarovići
Ve
Vedro Polje, Velika Kladuša, Veliki Ograđenik, Veluša, Velja Međa (municipality Ravno), Veljaci, Vesela
Vi
Vihovići (municipality Mostar), Vileši, Vinište, Vinjani, Vionica, Vir, Visoko, Vitez, Vitina, Vitkovići, Višići
Vl
Vinine (municipality Neum) Vlahovići, Vlajčići, Vlaka (municipality Ravno)
Vo
Vojnići, Vojno (municipality Mostar)
Vr
Vraneši, Vranići, Vranpotok, Vranjevići (municipality Mostar), Vrapčići (municipality Mostar), Vrbanja, Vrbica, Vrbljani, Vrci, Vrdi (municipality Mostar), Vrdolje, Vremci, Vrpeć, Vrpolje
Vu
Vučetići, Vučipolje, Vučipolje, Vukovići (municipality Ravno)
Lists of settlements in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (A-Ž) |
61598825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Adventure%20Soft%20games | List of Adventure Soft games | The following is a list of games developed by Adventure Soft.
Video games
As Horror Soft
As Adventure Soft
References
Adventure Soft |
43292462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201998%20Commonwealth%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20triple%20jump | Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games – Women's triple jump | The women's triple jump event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was held on 21 September in Kuala Lumpur.
This was the first time that this event was contested at the Commonwealth Games.
Results
References
Triple
1998
1998 in women's athletics |
13472721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20Toppserien | 2001 Toppserien | The 2001 season of the Toppserien, the highest women's football (soccer) league in Norway, began on 21 April 2001 and ended on 27 October 2001.
18 games were played with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number nine and ten were relegated, while the two top teams from the First Division were promoted.
Trondheims-Ørn won the league.
League table
Top goalscorers
31 goals:
Ragnhild Gulbrandsen, Trondheims/Ørn
19 goals:
Elene Moseby, Team Strømmen
18 goals:
Solveig Gulbrandsen, Kolbotn
15 goals:
Ingunn Sørum, Liungen
14 goals:
Brit Sandaune, Trondheims-Ørn
13 goals:
Ellinor Grønfur, Klepp
Linda Ørmen, Kolbotn
11 goals:
Bente Musland, Arna-Bjørnar
Kjersti Thun, Asker
10 goals:
Kristin Stundal, Asker
Trine Rønning, Trondheims-Ørn
Heidi Pedersen, Trondheims-Ørn
9 goals:
Ingrid Camilla Fosse Sæthre, Arna-Bjørnar
Marit Jordanger, Trondheims-Ørn
Promotion and relegation
Liungen and Athene Moss were relegated to the First Division.
Sandviken and Larvik were promoted from the First Division.
References
League table
Fixtures
Goalscorers
Toppserien seasons
Top level Norwegian women's football league seasons
1
Nor
Nor |
28774755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TA-SWISS | TA-SWISS | The Foundation for Technology Assessment TA-SWISS is a Centre of Competence of the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences, based on a mandate in the Swiss federal law on research. It is an advisory body, financed by public money, and devoted to technology assessment. (The abbreviation «TA» which is used to describe TA-SWISS stands for Technology Assessment, and reflects the activities of the Centre.)
Mission
The object of the Foundation for Technology Assessment TA-SWISS is to follow technological changes and developments and to identify the social, legal and ethical consequences of new technologies. Another element of its mission is to encourage the discussion of scientific and technological challenges.
The recommendations that result from TA-SWISS projects are used to assist the decision making process, and are intended for the Swiss Parliament and the Federal Council. Depending on the topics covered, these recommendations may also be of interest to other groups, such as professional associations, commercial enterprises, universities and stakeholder groups, as well as public administrations. The media, in their role as disseminators of information, are also kept regularly informed about the activities of TA-SWISS.
TA-Swiss is full member of the European Parliamentary Technology Assessment (EPTA) network and is a founding member of the German speaking Network NTA (Netzwerk Technikfolgenabschätzung).
Activities
The activities of the Foundation for Technology Assessment TA-SWISS are further divided into two areas:
1. Studies (interdisciplinary scientific analyses)
Recent studies have covered the following topics:
Flexible new world of work (2014)
Prenatal genetic diagnostics (2014)
Synthetic Biology (2014)
Deep geothermal energy (2014)
Personalised Medicine (2013)
Nano and Environment (2013)
Electromobility (2012)
Robotics (2012)
Localisation Technologies (2012)
Human Enhancement (2011)
Biomass fuels – second generation (2010)
Indicator-based decision-making systems (2010)
Nanofood (2009)
Anti-aging medicine – myths and chances (2008)
2. Participative projects (consultations aimed at gathering the views of citizens)
Numerous events have been organised within the scope of the participative projects – PubliForums, publifocus and other forms of dialogue, for example:
publifocus «Medical treatments» (2012)
Dialogue «The Internet and me» (2010)
World Wide Views on Global Warming (2009)
publifocus eHealth and the electronic patient file (2008)
History
Experimental beginnings: TA-SWISS began its work in 1992. Following a number of parliamentary interventions, the Federal Council assigned the Swiss Science and Technology Council the task of developing a system of technology assessment for Switzerland over a four-year pilot phase (1992–1995).
Institutionalisation of technology assessment: In its Message relating to the promotion of training, research and technology for the years 1996-1999, the Federal Council defined the bases for the institutionalisation and financing of technology assessment in Switzerland. In 1999, technology assessment was firmly fixed in the law on research. In this way, the Federal Council reinforced the independence of TA-SWISS, which until 2007 was affiliated to the Swiss Science and Technology Council.
In 2008 a change in the law on research conferred the legal basis on the incorporation of the mandate for TA-SWISS within the Association of Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences. Accordingly, since 1 January 2008 TA-SWISS has been a Centre for Excellence of the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences.
See also
Citizen science
Participatory monitoring
Participatory action research
References
External links
Official website of TA-SWISS
Technology assessment organisations
Scientific organisations based in Switzerland |
34375696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Robin | Alfred Robin | Major General Sir Alfred William Robin, (12 August 1860 – 2 June 1935) was a New Zealand military leader.
Born in Australia, Robin's family moved to New Zealand in 1861. A coachbuilder by trade, he was active in the local militia, before becoming a professional soldier in 1899. Commander of the First New Zealand contingent that fought in South Africa during the Second Boer War, Robin later served as General Officer Commanding New Zealand Military Forces from 1914 to 1919. For his service during the First World War he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George, and was one of only 14 members of the New Zealand Military Forces to receive the French Legion of Honour decoration during the war.
Early life
Alfred William Robin was born on 12 August 1860 in Riddells Creek, Victoria, in Australia, to a baker and his wife. His family immigrated to New Zealand sometime in 1861 and settled in Dunedin, in the South Island, where his father set up a coach building business. In 1873, after completing a year of high school, Robin started working for his father and eventually became a partner in the business.
Military career
Robin had a keen interest in the military; while at school he participated in the cadet program and in 1878 joined the New Zealand Regiment of Volunteer Artillery. He later served with the Southland Hussars and the Dunedin Cavalry Volunteers, and rose to the rank of sergeant major. In 1886, the Dunedin Cavalry Volunteers became the Otago Hussars and three years later he was commissioned as a lieutenant. He was promoted to captain in 1891 and took over command of his unit. He was a highly regarded officer and his unit was one of the most efficient in the Volunteer Corps. In 1897, he was selected to lead the New Zealand contingent to Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. His last command in the Volunteer Corps was as a commander of a newly formed mounted rifle battalion.
In 1899, Robin joined the New Zealand Permanent Forces as a professional soldier. He had resigned his partnership in the family business the previous year. His first posting was as an instructor to the South Island mounted rifle units and he established a tactical training school for officers. Following the outbreak of the Second Boer War, he led the first contingent of New Zealand volunteers, which numbered 215 men and their horses, to South Africa in November 1899. Further contingents would follow. While there he commanded the 1st New Zealand Regiment, which was a combined formation of the first three contingents from New Zealand. Well regarded by the British officers that he served under in South Africa, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath and mentioned in dispatches three times and on his return to New Zealand in May 1901 he became a national celebrity.
Robin was promoted to colonel and appointed commander of the Otago Military District and in 1906 he became Chief of General Staff of the New Zealand Permanent Forces (soon to be reorganised as the New Zealand Military Forces) and a member of the newly formed Council of Defence. The council recognised the need to implement compulsory military training to improve the state of New Zealand's armed forces and Robin worked to achieve this. In 1910, following the dissolution of the Council of Defence, Robin became Adjutant and Quarter-master General. In this role he worked under Major General Alexander Godley, newly appointed as Commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces. In 1912 he served overseas as New Zealand's representative in the War Office in London on the Imperial General Staff. He was also appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George the same year.
First World War
Returning to New Zealand in 1913, Robin resumed duties as Quarter-master General. Following the outbreak of the First World War, he played a key role in preparing the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) for service overseas. An offer to serve overseas was rebuffed as the New Zealand Government felt he was better employed on the home front. While Godley commanded the NZEF in the Middle East and France, Robin took over his duties as Commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces. He worked to ensure that the NZEF were well maintained with reinforcements and supplies, and his work in this regard was recognised by Godley who recommended that Robin be appropriately rewarded. Promoted to brigadier general in 1915, the following year he was promoted to major general and appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. His service as commandant ended in late 1919.
In recognition of his wartime service, Robin was appointed a Chevalier of the Légion d’honneur by the French President in March 1922. This French award is uncommon to New Zealanders with fewer than 100 awards made, and Robin was one of only 14 members of the New Zealand Military Forces to be decorated with the Legion of Honour during the war.
Later life
Robin served as the acting administrator of Western Samoa from 1920 to 1921, retiring from the military in January 1921. In his retirement he supported a number of charitable organisations including the Boy Scouts' Association and the St John Ambulance Brigade; shortly before his death he was made a Knight of Justice of the Order of St John. A memorial shield named for Robin is awarded each year to the winning cadet team at the annual New Zealand St John Youth competition. He was president of First New Zealand Mounted Rifles' Association and was also involved with the South African War Veterans' Association of New Zealand. He died in Wellington in June 1935. Having never married, he had no children. He declined a military funeral and is buried in Wellington's Karori Cemetery.
Notes
References
1860 births
1935 deaths
Australian emigrants to New Zealand
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
New Zealand Companions of the Order of the Bath
New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
New Zealand commanders
New Zealand generals
New Zealand military personnel of the Second Boer War
New Zealand military personnel of World War I
New Zealand recipients of the Légion d'honneur
People from Riddells Creek |
2087279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanovan%20culture | Villanovan culture | The Villanovan culture (c. 900–700 BC), regarded as the earliest phase of the Etruscan civilization, was the earliest Iron Age culture of Italy. It directly followed the Bronze Age Proto-Villanovan culture which branched off from the Urnfield culture of Central Europe. The name derives from the locality of Villanova, a fraction of the municipality of Castenaso in the Metropolitan City of Bologna where, between 1853 and 1855, Giovanni Gozzadini found the remains of a necropolis, bringing to light 193 tombs, of which 179 to cremation and 14 to inhumation.
The Villanovans introduced iron-working to the Italian Peninsula. They practiced cremation and buried the ashes of their dead in pottery urns of distinctive double-cone shape.
History
The name Villanovan of the early phases of the Etruscan civilization comes from the site of the first archaeological finds relating to this advanced culture, which were remnants of a cemetery found near Villanova (Castenaso, 12 kilometres south-east of Bologna) in northern Italy. The excavation lasting from 1853 to 1855 was done by the scholar and site owner, count Giovanni Gozzadini, and involved 193 tombs, six of which were separated from the rest as if to signify a special social status. The "well tomb" pit graves lined with stones contained funerary urns. These had been only sporadically plundered and most were untouched. In 1893, a chance discovery unearthed another distinctive Villanovan necropolis at Verucchio overlooking the Adriatic coastal plain.
The burial characteristics relate the Villanovan culture to the Central European Urnfield culture (c. 1300–750 BC) and Celtic Hallstatt culture that succeeded the Urnfield culture. It is not possible to tell these apart in their earlier stages. Cremated remains were placed in cinerary urns, specifically in biconical urns and then buried. The urns were a form of Villanovan pottery known as impasto. A custom believed to originate with the Villanovan culture is the usage of hut-shaped urns, which were cinerary urns fashioned like the huts in which the villagers lived. Typical sgraffito decorations of swastikas, meanders, and squares were scratched with a comb-like tool. Urns were accompanied by simple bronze fibulae, razors and rings.
Periodization
The Villanovan culture is broadly divided into Villanovan I from c. 960 BC to c. 801 BC and the Villanovan II from c. 800 BC to 720 BC. The later phase (Villanovan II) saw radical changes, evidence of contact with Hellenic civilization and trade with the north along the Amber Road. This evidence takes the form of glass and amber necklaces for women, armor and horse harness fittings of bronze, and the development of elite graves in contrast to the earlier egalitarian culture. Chamber tombs and inhumation (burial) practices were developed side-by-side with the earlier cremation practices. With the last phase of Villanovan II the Etruscans, in particular Southern Etruria, entered the Orientalizing period. The northernmost areas of the Etruscan world, such as Etruria Padana, continued in their development as Villanovan III (750–680 BC) and Villanovan IV (680–540 BC).
Villanovan chronology within the Etruscan civilization
Metalwork and trade
The metalwork quality found in bronze and pottery demonstrate the skill of the Villanovan artisans. Some grave goods from burial sites display an even higher quality, suggesting the development of societal elites within Villanovan culture. Tools and items were placed in graves suggesting a belief in an afterlife. Men's graves contained weapons, armor, while those for women included weaving tools. A few graves switched or mixed these, indicating the possibility that some women employed tools and that some men made clothing.
During the Villanovan period Etruscans traded with other states from the Mediterranean such as Greeks, Balkans, and Sardinia. Trade brought about advancement in metallurgy, and Greek presence influenced Villanovan pottery.
Housing
Buildings were rectangular in shape. The people lived in small huts, made of wattle and daub with wooden poles for support. Within the huts, cooking stands, utensils and charred animal bones give evidence about the family life of early inhabitants in Italy. Some huts contained large pottery jars for food storage sunk into their floors. There was also a rock cut drain to channel rainwater to communal reservoirs.
Villanovan settlements
Generally speaking, Villanovan settlements were centered in the Adriatic Etruria, in Emilia Romagna (in particular, in Bologna and in Verucchio, near Rimini), in Marche (Fermo), and in the Tyrrhenian Etruria, in Tuscany and Lazio. Further south, Villanovan cremation burials are to be found in Campania, at Capua, at the "princely tombs" of Pontecagnano near Salerno, at Capo di Fiume, at Vallo di Diano and at Sala Consilina.
Small scattered Villanovan settlements have left few traces other than their more permanent burial sites, which were set somewhat apart from the settlements—largely because the settlement sites were built over in Etruscan times. Modern opinion generally follows Massimo Pallottino in regarding the Villanovan culture as ancestral to the Etruscan civilization.
Genetics
A genetic study published in Science in November 2019 examined the remains of a female from the Villanovan culture buried in Veio Grotta Gramiccia, Italy between ca. 900 BC and 800 BC. She carried the maternal haplogroup K1a4. and her autosomal DNA was a mixture of 72.9% Copper Age ancestry (EEF + WHG) and 27.1% Steppe-related ancestry. There was evidence for consanguinity for this sample with another ancient sample (700 BCE - 600 BCE) from the Etruscan necropolis of La Mattonara near Civitavecchia, compatible with being the latter an offspring of third-degree relatives from the former.
See also
Etruscans
Proto-Villanovan culture
Prehistoric Italy
Notes
References
Sources and further reading
Giovanni Gozzadini, La nécropole de Villanova, Fava et Garagnani, Bologna, 1870
J. P. Mallory, "Villanovan Culture", Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, (Fitzroy Dearborn), 1997.
Gilda Bartoloni, "The origin and diffusion of Villanovan culture." in M. Torelli, (editor) The Etruscans, pp 53–74. (Milan), 2000.
Mary E. Moser, The "Southern Villanovan" Culture of Campania, (Ann Arbor), 1982.
David Ridgway, "The Villanovan Cemeteries of Bologna and Pontecagnano" in Journal of Roman Archaeology 7: pp 303–16 (1994)
David Ridgway, The World of the Early Etruscans, Göteborgs Universitet: The Félix Neubergh Lecture, 2000.
Perkins, Phil (2017). DNA and Etruscan identity. In: Naso, Alessandro ed. Etruscology. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 109–118. URL: https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/128551
External links
Museo Archeologico di Verucchio: Villanovan necropolis (in English)
Ashmolean Museum: Ancient Italy Before the Romans
Images of Villanovan hut-urn
11th-century BC establishments
7th-century BC disestablishments
1853 archaeological discoveries
Etruscans
Archaeological cultures of Southern Europe
Archaeological cultures in Italy
Bronze Age cultures of Europe
Iron Age cultures of Europe
Italic archaeological cultures
Prehistoric Italy |
46616023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranks%20and%20insignia%20of%20the%20Russian%20Federation%27s%20armed%20forces%201994%E2%80%932010 | Ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation's armed forces 1994–2010 | Ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation's armed forces from 1994 to 2010 were affected by the disintegration of the former Soviet armed forces, and there were other changes in insignia design when the newly established Russian Federation came into existence. The ranks depicted below were replaced with those adopted by decree № 293 of the President of the Russian Federation on 11 March 2010. The transition began with the issue of new military uniforms to the armed services in 2008 in the Moscow area and in 2010 nationwide. The ranks of marshal of the branch and chief marshal were officially abolished as a result of the 1994 regulations.
Shoulder boards
Enlisted men
Enlisted men wear no rank on their working uniform shoulder boards. On parade uniforms, the shoulder board shows a Cyrillic letter symbol.
ВС — armed forces personnel (; )
Ф — fleet personnel (Russian: Флот; flot)
К — army and air force military student (Russian: Курсант; kursant)
Anchor — naval military student
Н — students of the Nakhimov Naval School (Russian: Нахимовское военно-морское училище; Nakhimovskoye voyenno-morskoye uchilishche)
СВУ — students of the Suvorov Military School (Russian: Суворовское военное училище; Suvorovskoye voyennoye uchilishche)
ВМУ — students of the school of military music (Russian: Военно-музыкальное училище; voyenno-muzykalnoye uchilishche)
КК — cadets of the cadet corps (Russian: Кадетский корпус; kadetsky korpus)
МКК — Kronstadt Sea Cadet Corps (Russian: Кронштадтский морской кадетский корпус; Kronshtadtsky morskoy kadetsky korpus)
ВВ — internal troops (Russian: Внутренние войска; vnutrenniye voyska)
Non-commissioned officers
Non-commissioned officers up to staff sergeant (Russian: cтаршина; starshina) wear shoulder boards with the Cyrillic letter symbol for their branch and their rank stripes.
Field uniform — camouflage colour
Service uniform — yellow coloured
Parade uniform — gold coloured
Warrant officers and michman
Warrant officers and michman'' wore shoulder boards similar to enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers, but their ranks were shown by small stars arranged in vertical order.
Distinction insignia
Enlisted personnel, NCOs and warrant officers
Army, air force and naval officers
Shoulder boards up to company level
One vertical stripe, padding with basic ornament (in longitudinal direction appliqued cords in piston-embroidery), metal stars (small 13 mm diameter); shoulder boards to field uniforms simple without basic ornament.
Shoulder boards to field officers/ staff officers
Basic ornament identical to company level, two vertical stripes, metal stars (big 20 mm diameter).
Top level appointments
Basic ornament longitudinal- and vertical embroidery, embroidered stars (diameter 22 mm).
Marshal of the Russian Federation
Basic ornaments longitudinal-and vertical embroidery, one embroidered big star (diameter 40 mm), Coat of arms of Russia.
Officer insignia – army, air force, SMT, airborne and space forces
Officer insignia – navy
See also
History of Russian military ranks
Ranks and insignia of the Russian armed forces until 1917
Ranks and insignia of the Red Army 1918–1935, 1935–1940, and 1940–1943
Ranks and rank insignia of the Soviet Armed Forces 1943–1955, and 1955–1991
Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation
Naval ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation
References
Russian Federation Army |
28277297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaganti | Chaganti | Chaganti () is an Indian surname.
People with the name
Chaganti Koteswara Rao (born 1959), Indian speaker on Sanatana Dharma
Chaganti Somayajulu (1915–1994), Telugu writer
See also
Chaganti Vari Palem, a village in Guntur district
Surnames of Indian origin |
34385844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace%20Smirk | Horace Smirk | Sir Frederick Horace Smirk (12 December 1902 – 18 May 1991) was a notable New Zealand professor of medicine. He was born in Accrington, Lancashire, England, in 1902.
In the 1958 Queen's Birthday Honours, Smirk was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
References
1902 births
1991 deaths
20th-century New Zealand medical doctors
English emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
University of Otago faculty |
52459654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Mississippi%20gubernatorial%20election | 1991 Mississippi gubernatorial election | {{Infobox election
| election_name = 1991 Mississippi gubernatorial election
| type = presidential
| country = Mississippi
| flag_image = Flag of Mississippi (1894-1996).svg
| previous_election = 1987 Mississippi gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1987
| next_election = 1995 Mississippi gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1995
| ongoing = no
| election_date = November 5, 1991
| registered =
| turnout =
| image1 =
| nominee1 = Kirk Fordice
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = 361,500
| percentage1 = 50.83%
| image2 =
| nominee2 = Ray Mabus
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 338,459| percentage2 = 47.59%
| map_image = 1991 Mississippi gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 150px
| map_alt =
| map =
| map_caption = County results Fordice:Mabus:
| title = Governor
| before_election = Ray Mabus
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = Kirk Fordice
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
The 1991 Mississippi gubernatorial election' took place on November 5, 1991, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Ray Mabus unsuccessfully ran for reelection to a second term. This election marked the first time a Republican was elected Governor of Mississippi since Adelbert Ames in 1873.
This is the last gubernatorial election where the Democratic candidate carried any of three counties (Hancock, Harrison and Jackson) along the Mississippi Gulf Coast.
Democratic primary
Incumbent Democrat Ray Mabus won the Democratic primary, defeating former U.S. Representative Wayne Dowdy and George "Wagon Wheel" Blair. According to The New York Times,'' Mabus had to fend off charges that he was "arrogant and out of touch with Mississippi politically", and was perceived as a "Porsche politician in a Chevy pickup state".
Results
Republican primary
No candidate received a majority in the Republican primary, so a runoff was held between the top two candidates. The runoff election was won by businessman Kirk Fordice, who defeated State Auditor Pete Johnson.
Results
Runoff
General election
Results
References
1991
gubernatorial
Mississippi
November 1991 events in the United States |
10861183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Raga%20Guide | The Raga Guide | The Raga Guide is a 1999 Nimbus Records compilation of 74 Hindustani ragas on four CDs. It includes a textbook edited by Joep Bor (of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music) with information and western-style transcriptions of the ragas and a catalogue of two sets of ragamala plates, dated to ca. 1610 and 1650. The 1610 plates are painted in the Mughal style.
The featured artists are Vidyadhar Vyas (vocal), Shruti Sadolikar-Katkar (vocal), Buddhadev Das Gupta (sarod), and Hariprasad Chaurasia (flute).
External links
Encyclopedias of music
Hindustani classical music albums
Ragas
Regional music compilation albums
1999 compilation albums
Nimbus Records compilation albums |
56841713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armanda%20Guiducci | Armanda Guiducci | Armanda Guiducci (Naples, October 12, 1923 - Milan, December 8, 1992) was an Italian writer, literary critic, and Marxist feminist. She was a major player in the feminist debates of the 1970s. She was the recipient of the Rapallo Carige Prize for Virginia e l'angelo in 1991.
References
Italian women novelists
20th-century Italian women writers
20th-century Italian novelists
Writers from Naples
Italian feminists
Marxist feminists
Italian Marxists
Women Marxists
Italian socialist feminists
1923 births
1992 deaths |
14215489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helladius | Helladius | Helladius may refer to:
Alexander Helladius (1686–?), Greek scholar and humanist
Helladius (4th century hieromartyr)
Helladius of Kiev, Ukrainian monk and saint
Helladius of Auxerre (died 387), Christian bishop and saint
Helladius of Caesarea, Christian bishop, named by an edict of Theodosius I (30 July 381) to an episcopal see
Helladius (grammarian), grammarian, professor, and a priest of Zeus
Helladius of Ptolemais, Christian bishop, present at the First Council of Ephesus (431)
Helladius of Tarsus, Christian bishop, condemned at the First Council of Ephesus (431)
Helladius of Toledo (died 633), Christian bishop and saint
Helladius and Theophilus, two Christian martyrs in Libya, feast day 8 January
Helladius, Crescentius, Paul and Dioscorides, Christian martyrs, feast day 28 May |
11310737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimbarka%20Sampradaya | Nimbarka Sampradaya | The Nimbarka Sampradaya (IAST: Nimbārka Sampradāya, Sanskrit निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय), also known as the Hamsa Sampradāya, and Sanakādi Sampradāya (सनकादि सम्प्रदाय), is one of the four Sampradāyas. It was founded by Nimbarka, a Telugu Brahmin yogi and philosopher. It propounds the Vaishnava Bhedabheda theology of Dvaitadvaita (dvaita-advaita) or dualistic non-dualism. Dvaitadvaita states that humans are both different and non-different from Isvara, God or Supreme Being. Specifically, this Sampradaya is a part of Krishnaism—Krishna-centric traditions.
Guru Parampara
Nimbarka Sampradaya is also known as Kumāra Sampradāya, Hamsa Sampradāya, and Sanakādi Sampradāya. According to tradition, the Nimbarka Sampradaya Dvaita-advaita philosophy was revealed by to Sri Sanakadi Bhagawan, one of the Four Kumaras; who passed it to Sri Narada Muni; and then on to Nimbarka. The Four Kumaras, Sanaka, Sanandana, Sanātana, and Sanat Kumāra, are traditionally regarded as the four mind-born sons of Lord Brahmā. They were created by Brahmā in order to advance creation, but chose to undertake lifelong vows of celibacy (brahmacarya), becoming renowned yogis, who requested from Brahma the boon of remaining perpetually five years old. Śrī Sanat Kumāra Samhitā, a treatise on the worship of , is attributed to the brothers, just like the Śrī Sanat Kumāra Tantra, which is part of the Pancarātra literature.
In the creation of this universe as narrated by the literature, Śrī Nārada Muni is the younger brother of the Four Kumāras, who took initiation from his older brothers. Their discussions as guru and disciple are recorded in the with a famous conversation in the , and in the Śrī Nārada and the Pañcarātra literature.
Nārada Muni is recorded as main teacher in all four of the Sampradāyas. According to tradition, he initiated Śrī Nimbārkācārya into the sacred 18-syllabled Śrī Gopāla Mantra (Klim Krishnaya Govindaya Gopijanavallabhaya Svaha), and introduced him to the philosophy of the Yugala upāsana, the devotional worship of the divine couple . According to tradition, this was the first time that Śrī Rādhā were worshipped together by anyone on earth other than the Gopis of . Śrī Nārada Muni then taught Nimbarka the essence of devotional service in the Śrī Nārada Bhakti Sūtras. Śrī Nimbārkācārya already knew the Vedas, and the rest of the scriptures, but perfection was found in the teachings of Śrī Nārada Muni.
Nimbarka
Dating
Nimbarka is conventionally dated at the 12th or 13th century, but this dating has been questioned, suggesting that Nimbarka lived somewhat earlier than Shankara, in the 6th or 7th century CE.
According to Roma Bose, Nimbarka lived in the 13th century, on the presupposition that Śrī Nimbārkāchārya was the author of the work Madhvamukhamardana. Bhandarkar has placed him after Ramanuja, suggesting 1162 AD as the date of his demise. S.N.Dasgupta dated Nimbarka to around middle of 14th century, while S. A. A. Rizvi assigns a date of c.1130–1200 AD.
According to Satyanand, Bose's dating of the 13th century is an erroneous attribution. Malkovsky, following Satyanand, notes that in Bhandarkar's own work it is clearly stated that his dating of Nimbarka was an approximation based on an extremely flimsy calculation; yet most scholars chose to honour his suggested date, even until modern times. According to Malkovsky, Satyanand has convincingly demonstrated that Nimbarka and his immediate disciple Shrinivasa flourished well before Ramanuja (1017–1137 CE), arguing that Shrinivasa was a contemporary, or just after Sankaracarya (early 8th century). According to Ramnarace, summarising the available research, Nimbarka must be dated in the 7th century CE.
Traditional accounts
According to the Bhavishya Purana, and his eponymous tradition, the Nimbārka Sampradāya, Śrī Nimbārkāchārya appeared in the year 3096 BCE, when the grandson of Arjuna was on the throne. According to tradition, Nimbārka was born in Vaidūryapattanam, the present-day Mungi Village, Paithan in East Maharashtra. His parents were Aruṇa Ṛṣi and Jayantī Devī. Together, they migrated to Mathurā and settled at what is now known as Nimbagrāma (Neemgaon), situated between Barsānā and Govardhan.
Sri Hansa Bhagwan
In Hinduism, the first guru of the Nimbarka Sampradaya is Lord Sri Hansa Bhagwan, who himself is one of the twenty-four incarnations of Lord Vishnu. At the beginning of creation, in the Satya Yuga, Lord Vishnu Himself took the form of a quadrangle, joined conch shells, chakras, maces, and lotuses, and descended to the sage Sankadi, the son of Brahma, in the name of Hansabata.
Teachings
Dvaita-advaita
The Nimbarka Sampradaya is based on Nimbarka's Bhedabheda philosophy, duality and nonduality at the same time, or dualistic non-dualism.
According to Nimbarka, there are three categories of existence, namely Isvara (God, Divine Being); cit (jiva, the individual soul); and acit (lifeless matter). Cit and acit are different from Isvara, in the sense that they have attributes (Guna) and capacities (Swabhaava), which are different from those of Isvara. At the same time, cit and acit are not different from Isvara, because they cannot exist independently of him. Isvara is independent and exists by himself, while cit and acit exist in dependence upon him. Difference means a kind of existence which is separate but dependent, (para-tantra-satta-bhava); while non-difference means impossibility of separate existence (svatantra-satta-bhava).
According to Nimbarka, the relation between Brahman, on the one hand, and the souls (cit) and universe (acit) on the other, is a relation of natural difference-non-difference (svabhavika-bhedabheda). Nimbarka equally emphasises both difference and non-difference, as against Ramanuja, who makes difference subordinate to non-difference, in as much as, for him cit and acit do not exist separately from Brahman, but are its body or attributes.
Nimbarka accepts parinamavada, the idea that the world is a real transformation (parinama) of Brahman, to explain the cause of animate and inanimate world, which he says exist in a subtle form in the various capacities (saktis), which belong to Brahman in its natural condition. Brahman is the material cause of the universe, in the sense that Brahman brings the subtle rudiments into the gross form, by manifesting these capacities.
For Nimbarka the highest object of worship is Krishna and his consort Radha, attended by thousands of gopi's, or cowherdesses, of the celestial Vrindavan. Devotion, according to Nimbarka, consists in prapatti, or self-surrender.
Sri Nimbarkacharya, on the worship of the divine couple, in
Dasha Shloki (verse 6):
Cit (Jiva)
The cit or individual soul is of the nature of knowledge (jnana-svarupa); it is able to know without the help of the sense-organs and it is in this sense that words like prajnana-ghanah svayamjyotih jnanamayah etc. as applied to jiva are to be understood. The jiva is the knower also; and he can be both knowledge and the possessor of knowledge at the same time, just as the sun is both light and the source of light. Thus the soul, who is knowledge, and his attribute, knowledge, though they are both identical as knowledge, can be at the same time different and related as the qualified () and the quality (), just as the sun and his light, though identical as light (taijasa), are still different from each other. Thus there is both a difference and a non-difference between the and ; and the extreme similarity between them implies, not necessarily their absolute identity, but only a non-perception of their difference.
The jiva is also ego (ahamarthah). This ego continues to persist not only in the state of deep sleep, (because our consciousness immediately after getting up from sleep has the form slept happily or knew nothing) but also in the state of liberation. It even belongs to the Parabrahman. Hence it is that Krishna refers to Himself so frequently in the first person in the Gita, of which the chief object is thus Purusottama, who is omniscient and at the same time non-different from the ego or asmadartha.
The jiva is also essentially active (kartr). This quality belongs to it in all its conditions, even after release. But the kartrtva is not independent. The jiva is also enjoyer (bhoktr) essentially in all its conditions.
For his knowledge and activity, however, the jiva depends on Hari; thus, though resembling Him in being intelligent and knower, he is at the same time distinguished from him by his dependence. This quality of dependence or of being controlled (niyamyatva) is the very nature of jiva even in the state of release, just as niyamyatva or the quality of being the controller, forms the eternal nature of Isvara.
The jiva is atomic in size; at the same time his attribute, knowledge, is omnipresent, which makes it possible that he can experience pleasure and pain in any part of the body, just as, for instance, the light of a lamp can spread far and wide and illumine objects away from the lamp. The Jivas are different and in different bodies, and so are infinite in number.
Acit (the jagat)
The acit is of three different kinds: viz. prakrta, aprakrta, and kala. Prakrta, or what is derived from Prakrti, the primal matter, aprakrta is defined negatively as that which is not the product of prakrti, but its real nature is not clearly brought out. These three categories in their subtle forms are as eternal as the cit or the individual souls.
[Nimbarka does not explain what exactly the aprakrta is, nor does he define kala more precisely, beyond noticing, as pointed out above, that the aprakrta and the kala are species of the acit. But, Purusottamacarya of the Nimbarka school has, in his Vedantaratna-manjusa, described acit aprakrta as the material cause of the dhama (celestial abode) of Brahman and the bodies and ornaments etc.of Brahman and his associates.]
Prakrti, or the primal matter-the stuff of the entire universe is real and eternal like the individual souls, and like them, though eternal and unborn, has yet Brahman for its cause. It consists of the three qualities of sattva, rajas and tamas, such as prakrit, mahat, ahankara etc. (just similar to 24 principles of the Sankhyas).
Practices - the five sadhanas
The basic practice consists of the worship of Sri Radha Madhav, with Sri Radha being personified as the inseparable part of Sri Krishna. Nimbarka Sampradaya became the first Krishnaite tradition in late medieval time. Nimbarka refers to five methods to salvation, namely karma (ritual action); vidya (knowledge); upasana or dhyana (meditation); prapatti (surrender to the Lord/devotion); Gurupasatti (devotion and self-surrender to God as Shri Radha Krsna).
Karma (ritual action)
Performed conscientiously in a proper spirit, with one's varna and asrama (phase of life) thereby giving rise to knowledge which is a means to salvation).
Vidya (knowledge)
Not as a subordinate factor of karma but also not as an independent means for everyone; only for those inclined to spending vast lengths of time in scriptural study and reflection on deeper meanings.
Upasana or dhyana (meditation)
It is of three types. First is meditation on the Lord as one's self, i.e. meditation on the Lord as the Inner Controller of the sentient. Second is meditation on the Lord as the Inner Controller of the non-sentient. Final one is meditation on Lord Himself, as different from the sentient and non-sentient. This is again not an independent means to Salvation for all, as only those qualified to perform the upasana (with Yajnopavitam) can perform this Sadhana.
Prapatti (surrender to the Lord/devotion)
Devotion and self-surrender to God as Shri Radha Krsna. This method of attaining Salvation, known as Prapatti Sadhana, contains elements of all the other means, and is most importantly, available to all. Men, women, foreigners, all classes and castes (or non-castes) are permitted to seek liberation through this, the most important Sadhana. It is referred to as Sadhana (or Apara) Bhakti – devotion through regulations. This in turn leads to Para Bhakti – the highest devotion characterised by Madhurya Rasa – the sweet emotions of devotion experienced by those perfected in Sadhana Bhakti.
The Maha-mantra Radhe Krishna of Nimbarka Sampradaya is as follows:
Gurupasatti
Devotion and self-surrender to guru. Best realised as a part in Prapatti, and not as an independent means, although it can be so.
Sri Nimbarka made the "Bhasya" (commentary in which alle the words of the verses are used, in contradistinction to a tika, which is a more free commentary) of the Brahmasutra on his Dvaitadvaita Vedanta (Principle of Dualism-Nondualism) in his famous book "Vedanta Parijata Sourabha".
Literature
Sri Nimbarkacharya wrote the following books:
Vedanta Parijat Saurabh– Commentary on the Brahma Sutras
Sadachar Prakasha– a treatise on karma kanda
Commentary on the Bhagavad-Gita
Rahasya Shodasi- Sri Gopala Mantra explained
Prapanna Kalpa Valli-Sri Mukunda Mantra explained
Prapatti Chintamani– On Supreme surrender
Pratah Smarana Stotram
Dasa Shloki or Kama Dhenu– Ten Verses
Savisesh Nirvisesh
Sri Krishna Stavam
Nimbarka Sampradaya Devacāryas
Sri Bhatta
As themes of Radha and Krishna gained popularity, Keshava Kashmiri's disciple Sribhatta in the 15th century, amplified Nimbarka's insights and brought Radha Krishna once more into the theological forefront through the medium of brajbhasha. A range of poets and theologians who flourished in the milieu of Vrindavana, Vallabha, Surdas, rest of Vallabha's disciples, Svami Haridas, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and the Six Goswamis of Vrindavana were influenced in some manner by Sribhatta. The theological insights by this particular teacher were developed by his disciple Harivyasa, whose works reveal not only the theology of Radha Krisna and the sakhis the nitya nikunja lilas of goloka vrindavana, but also embody a fairly developed vedantic theory propagating the unique branch of bedhaabedha philosophy, ultimately the legacy of Nimbarka's original re-envisaging role of Radha.
Svāmī Harivyāsa Devacārya (c.1470-1540 CE)
Svāmī Harivyāsa Devacārya (c.1470-1540 CE), the 35th leader, reformed the tradition. He was given the śālagrāma deity known as Śrī Sarveśvara that was handed down through time it is believed from Nimbārka himself. He anointed twelve of his senior disciples to lead missions throughout the land. The most famous are Svāmī Paraśurāma Devācārya (c.1525-1610 CE) and Svāmī Svabhūrāma Devācārya (fl. 16th century).
Svāmī Svabhūrāma Devācārya (fl.16th century CE)
Svāmī Svabhūrāma Devācārya (fl.16th century CE) was born in Budhiya Village, outside Jagadhri and Yamunanagar near Kurukshetra in modern Haryana, India. He established over 52 temples in Punjab, Haryana and Vraja during his lifetime; his current followers are found mostly in , Haryana, Punjab, Bengal, Rajasthan, Orissa, Assam, Sikkim, Bihar, other regions in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra, also in significant numbers in Nepal.
In his sub-lineage, there are many branches. Notable saints of this sub-branch include:
Saint Swami Chatur Chintamani Nagaji Maharaj, who started the Vraja Parikrama. This tradition has been continuously maintained over 528 years by the Acharyas of the Svabhurāma-Dwara (sub-lineage).
Ramdas Kathiababa (fl.54th century CE)
That saint was the 53rd Acharya of our community, Sri Sri 108 Swami Devdasji Kathia Babaji Maharaj. Sri Sri Devdasji Maharaj was a great man of Yogishwar Siddha. He was buried in Ekasan for six months and had nothing to eat even though he was not in the grave. After taking sannyasa, Kathia's father was named "Ramdas". From the time of Guru's presence, he was fully engaged in Guruseva. His guru started teaching him astanga yoga, all kinds of mantras and their application method with Hatha Yoga. Gurudev, however, did not make the mistake of testing the disciple from time to time. Sometimes he would starve, sometimes he would have a very tasty meal, sometimes he would test Sri Sri Ramdasji with inaudible abuse or beatings for no reason. Once Sri Sri Devdasji showed him a seat and asked him to sit there, instructing him, "You will sit here in this seat until I come back. Don't leave your seat and go anywhere else. " Gurudev came eight days later. Sri Ramdasji sat in that seat for eight consecutive days, did not eat anything, nor did he defecate. When Gurudev returned on the eighth day, Sri Ramdasji got up from his seat and prostrated himself before Gurudev. Seeing this devotion and determination towards obeying his guru, Gurudev was very pleased and said, "In this way one has to obey the guru's orders. God is pleased when the Guru's orders are obeyed wholeheartedly. "came to Vrindavan and made his first monastery there. He was succeeded by Swami Santadas Kathiababa
Santadas Kathiababa (fl.55th century CE)
Santadas Kathiababa was a Nimbarka philosopher, Hindu religious guru, Nimbarka Vaishnava and chief mahanta, a spiritual leader and a leading disciple of Sri Sri 108 Ramdas Kathiababa of the Nimbarka Sampradaya.
At the place of Jagannath Ghat, Gangotri, the source of the Ganges, floated in front of him and Har-Parvati, who was present in it, visited himLord Shankara then gave him a monosyllabic seed mantra and by chanting that mantra he would gain Sadguru - with such an assurance they disappeared. Then the scene of that Gomukh Gangotri in the Himalayas also disappeared. He started chanting that seed mantra with great devotion. In search of a good guru, he went on various pilgrimages and gradually he arrived at the Prayag Kumbh Mela with a friend. Although his interview here was with his future Gurudev Sri Sri Kathia Babaji Maharaj, he was skeptical about whether he would take him seriously. He saw some miracles of Sri Sri Kathia Babaji Maharaj[4] but could not be completely without doubt. .Then he went to Vrindavan in the month of Chaitra and this time he was almost disappointed to see his work from very close to Kathia Babaji Maharaj. Far from considering Sri Sri Kathia Babaji Maharaj as a Brahmajna Mahapurusha, Sri Tarakishore Babu considered him to be an ordinary old village saint. But when his miraculous deeds came to mind, he could not understand exactly what was wrong with his decision. With this skeptical mind he returned to Calcutta. One night in Calcutta, when he was sleeping on the roof of his house, he suddenly woke up and sat up. He saw Sri Sri Ramdas Kathia Babaji Maharaj coming towards Akash Marg and in a short time he came down to him on that roof. After that, Kathia Babaji Maharaj gave a mantra in his ear and left again. There was no other doubt in the mind of Sri Tara Kishore Sharma Chowdhury about Sri Sri Kathia Babaji Maharaj. All his hesitations were immediately dispelled and he considered himself fortunate to have taken refuge in the desired Sadguru. Even after being miraculously initiated in this way, he formally took wife's initiation in Vrindavan on the day of Janmashtami in 1894.
Swami Brindaban Bihari Das Mahanta Maharaj at Kathia Baba ka Ashram, Shivala, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh and Sukhchar, 24-Parganas (North), West Bengal, who has undertaken projects for orphans and aged persons, building schools and elderly care homes. He travels relentlessly to spread Nimbarka Philosophy through world religion conferences held in US, UK, Sweden, Africa, Bangladesh and other different countries across the globe.
The Sukhchar Kathiababar Ashram was originally established by Swami Dhananjaydas Kathiababa and is presently headed by Swami Brindabanbiharidas Mahanta Maharaj.
Svāmī Haripriyā Śaraṇa Devācārya
The famous teacher and leader , founded the temple and monastery at Bihari Ji Ka Bageecha, , sponsored by his disciple, the philanthropic Shri Hargulal Beriwala and the Beriwala Trust in the 19th century.
Svāmī Lalitā Śaraṇa Devācārya
The predecessor of the current successor was , who died in July 2005 at the age of 103. One of his other disciples is the world-renowned , who has founded the Monastery and temple known as the Shri Golok Dham Ashram in New Delhi and . He has also helped ordinary Hindus who are not to establish temples overseas. Of note are the Glasgow Hindu Mandir, Scotland, UK: the Lakshmi Narayan Hindu Mandir, Bradford, UK; and the Valley Hindu Temple, Northridge, CA. He has also facilitated major festivals at the Hindu Sabha Mandir in Brampton, Canada.
Svāmī Rādhā Śarveshavara Śaraṇa Devācārya
The 48th leader of the Nimbārka Sampradāya is H.D.H. Jagadguru Nimbārkācārya , known in reverence as Śrī Śrījī Māhārāja by his followers. His followers are mainly in Rajasthan and , Mathura. He established the Mandir at the birth site of Śrī Nimbārkācārya in Mungi Village, Paithan, Maharashtra in 2005. In addition, he oversees the maintenance of thousands of temples, hundreds of monasteries, schools, hospitals, orphanages, cow-shelters, environmental projects, memorial shrines, etc., and arranges various scholarly conventions, religious conferences, medical camps & outreach, etc.
Śrī Śrījī Māhārāja (present)
The 49th and current leader of the entire Nimbārka Sampradāya is H.D.H. Jagadguru Nimbārkācārya , known in reverence as Śrī Śrījī Māhārāja by his followers. He is based in Nimbārka Tīrtha Rajasthan, India. He is the current leader of the Sampradāya, who worships the śālagrāma deity known as Śrī Sarveśvara. His followers are mainly in Rajasthan and , Mathura.
See also
Svayam Bhagavan
Vrindavan
Notes
References
Sources
Printed sources
Web-sources
External links
Ramdas Kathiababa
Santadas Kathiababa
Brahma Sutras (Nimbarka commentary) English translation by Roma Bose [proofread] (includes glossary)
http://www.shrijagatgurunimbarkacharyapeeth.org
http://www.nimbarkacharyapeeth.com/index.html
http://internationalnimbarkasociety.org
http://www.golokdham.org
http://www.sriradhabhakti.org
https://web.archive.org/web/20090419071328/http://nimbark.org/
http://www.kathiababa.in/nimbarka
http://www.ramtekri.com
Nimbarka at Encyclopædia Britannica
Teachers and Pupils of the School, Surendranath Dasgupta, 1940
Krishnaite Vaishnava denominations
Bhakti-era Hindu sects
Hindu monasticism |
2222926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moodie%20Hill | Moodie Hill | Moodie Hill is a small affluent suburb consisting of four roads; Springhill Road, Springhill Close, Van Meurs Avenue and a small section of Coleraine Drive. It is situated in Johannesburg, Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, Sandton. South Africa.
History
The suburb was originally a working farm before Sandton City began being built in the early 1970s. The original farmhouse is still standing albeit completely restored and renovated. Adjacent to the original plot is a stand which incorporates a house built by renowned Staatliches Bauhaus student and architect Steffen Ahrends.
Location
Situated between Riverclub, Benmore Gardens, Parkmore and Morningside, Gauteng. The purlieus of Moodie Hill is in close proximity to Lycée Jules Verne (South Africa), the Morningside Post Office and the River Club golf course.
Notable residents
Johnny Clegg <small>
Mswati III, King of Swaziland
Eddie Keizan
References
Johannesburg Region E |
67561017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana%20Kholomina | Svetlana Kholomina | Svetlana Yuryevna Kholomina (; born 9 November 1997) is a Russian beach volleyball player. As of 2016, she plays with Nadezda Makroguzova. They qualified for 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
Professional career
Svetlana and her partner Nadezda Makroguzova are the two-time silver medalist in the U21 World championship (2016, 2017). In 2019 they won the 4-star tournament of the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour in Portugal. In 2021 the partners took the silver medals in FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour's 4-star tournament in Cancún, Mexico.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Russian beach volleyball players
Sportspeople from Krasnodar
Beach volleyball players at the 2020 Summer Olympics |
49918703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%20FIBA%20Under-17%20World%20Championship%20for%20Women | 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Championship for Women | The 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Championship for Women (Spanish:Campeonato Mundial FIBA Sub-17 Femenino 2016) was an international basketball competition that was held in Zaragoza, Spain from 22 June 22 to 2 July 2016. It was the fourth edition of the FIBA Under-17 World Championship for Women. Sixteen national teams competed in the tournament.
Australia won its first gold medal in this event by beating Italy, 62–38. In the semifinals, Australia beat the United States 73–60, handing the Americans their first ever loss in the history of the Under-17 World Championships. The United States would go on to win bronze.
Teams
Sixteen teams have qualified for this year's edition.
2015 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship for Women
2015 FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship for Women
2015 FIBA Americas Under-16 Championship for Women
2015 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship for Women
2015 FIBA Oceania Under-16 Championship for Women
Host country
Spain finished fourth at the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship for Women. By virtue of hosting this year's FIBA Under-17 World Championship for Women, their European slot was given to the sixth-placed team, France.
Preliminary round
The draw was held on 13 April 2016.
All times are local (UTC+2).
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Final round
Round of 16
9–15th classification
9–15th place quarterfinals
13–15th place semifinal
13th place game
9–12th place semifinals
Eleventh place game
Ninth place game
Quarterfinals
5–8th classification
5–8th place semifinals
Seventh place game
Fifth place game
Semifinals
Third place game
Final
Final standings
Awards
All-Tournament Team
PG – Monique Conti
SG – Jasmine Simmons
SF – Eziyoda Magbegor
PF – Sara Madera
C – Han Xu
Statistics
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Blocks
Steals
Efficiency
References
External links
Official website
2016
2016 in women's basketball
2015–16 in Spanish women's basketball
International women's basketball competitions hosted by Spain
International youth basketball competitions hosted by Spain
Sport in Zaragoza
FIBA Under-17 World Championship for Women
FIBA Under-17 World Championship for Women
2016 in youth sport |
63253577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeuf | Oeuf | Oeuf or Œuf may refer to:
the French word for "egg", in English used in culinary contexts
Œuf (river), the upper course of the Essonne River in the Île-de-France region of France
Œuf-en-Ternois, a commune in the Hauts-de-France region of France
"Oeuf" (Hannibal), an episode of the TV series Hannibal
See also
EUF (disambiguation)
Ouf (disambiguation) |
69461099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyagiken%20Gokoku%20Shrine | Miyagiken Gokoku Shrine | Miyagiken Gokoku Shrine (宮城縣護國神社, Miyagiken gokoku jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the kami of "martyrs of the state" (国事殉難者) and its annual festivals take place on April 30, May 1, and October 23. It was established in 1904 and originally referred to as Shōkonsha (招魂社). Its current name dates to 1939.
See also
List of Shinto shrines in Japan
External links
Official website
Shinto shrines in Miyagi Prefecture |
30019907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangtse%20Gewog | Yangtse Gewog | Yangtse Gewog (Dzongkha: གཡང་རྩེ་) is a gewog (village block) of Trashiyangtse District, Bhutan. It was formerly known as Trashiyangtse.
Religious sites:
chortencora
old dzong/dongdhi dzong.
References
Gewogs of Bhutan
Trashiyangtse District |
25829369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20neuroscience%20databases | List of neuroscience databases | A number of online neuroscience databases are available which provide information regarding gene expression, neurons, macroscopic brain structure, and neurological or psychiatric disorders. Some databases contain descriptive and numerical data, some to brain function, others offer access to 'raw' imaging data, such as postmortem brain sections or 3D MRI and fMRI images. Some focus on the human brain, others on non-human.
As the number of databases that seek to disseminate information about the structure, development and function of the brain has grown, so has the need to collate these resources themselves. As a result, there now exist databases of neuroscience databases, some of which reach over 3000 entries.
Neuroscience databases
Databases of neuroscience databases
Neuroscience article aggregators
Neuroscience feed at RightRelevance.
See also
Neuroinformatics
Budapest Reference Connectome
References
neuroscience databases
neuroscience databases
neuroscience databases
neuroscience databases |
10075119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaibach | Blaibach | Blaibach is a municipality in the district of Cham in Bavaria in Germany.
Mayors
The mayor is Wolfgang Eckl (CSU/Freie Bürger). Since 2014 he is the successor of Ludwig Baumgartner (CSU/Freie Bürger). Another former mayor is Karl Trenner (CSU/Freie Bürger).
See also
Gotteszell–Blaibach railway
References
Cham (district) |
12408768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amolops%20archotaphus | Amolops archotaphus | Amolops archotaphus, also known as the Doi Inthanon rock frog (Doi Inthanon mountain being its type locality), is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Chiang Mai Province in northwestern Thailand, although its range might extend into adjacent eastern Myanmar. Earlier records from Laos have been described as a separate species, Amolops compotrix. Amolops archotaphus itself was "hidden" as a cryptic species within the "Odorrana livida complex" until 1997, and was reassigned to Amolops in 2008.
Amolops archotaphus is known from near small waterfalls at elevations of above sea level. It is threatened by habitat destruction and degradation, particularly agriculture, development of infrastructure, logging and water pollution. The Doi Inthanon population is protected by the Doi Inthanon National Park.
References
archotaphus
Amphibians of Thailand
Endemic fauna of Thailand
Taxa named by Robert F. Inger
Amphibians described in 1997
Taxa named by Tanya Chan-ard
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
38390823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin%20J.%20Nieman%20Sr.%20House | Edwin J. Nieman Sr. House | The Edwin J. Nieman Sr. House is a historic house located at 13030 North Cedarburg Road in Mequon, Wisconsin. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 12, 1996.
Description and history
Built in 1928, the house was designed by Herman Bruns in the Tudor Revival style. Designed to resemble a country house, the house includes a glass conservatory with a fountain, stained glass windows, and wrought iron fixtures. Edwin J. Nieman Sr., the home's owner, was a partner in the Fromm Bros.-Nieman Co., at the time the largest silver fox breeder in the nation; the home originally bordered one of the firm's fox farms on all sides. Nieman lived in the house until he died in 1985.
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Tudor Revival architecture in Wisconsin
Houses completed in 1928
Houses in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin |
44804934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatantra%202014 | Swatantra 2014 | Swatantra 2014 (from the Indic word Swatantra meaning 'independent', or 'free' as in 'free will') was the fifth international free software conference organized by the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), an autonomous organization set up by the Government of Kerala, India for the propagation of FOSS. It was held in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India during 18–20 December 2014. Among supporting organizations of the conference were the Free Software Foundation of India, Centre for Internet and Society (India), Software Freedom Law Center (India) and Swathantra Malayalam Computing.
Objective
According to Satish Babu, Director, ICFOSS, free software is capable of offering a freedom-enhancing, robust and reliable alternative, with additional economic advantages, compared to proprietary software, and therefore that free software could find application in the public and private sector organizations in the field of, inter alia, education, arts, and culture.
Event
The theme of the event was "Free Software for a Free World". Over 200 delegates attended the conference. The inaugural speech was delivered by Richard Stallman, founder of the free software movement who was of the view that this software should enable access without compromising the security of one's identity. He also told that cameras installed on streets was a threat to the privacy of the public.
Other than Stallman, notable personalities like Smári McCarthy and Nina Paley attended the event.
Prof. Rahul De of IIM Bangalore, a speaker at the event, reported during his presentation that over could be saved in India, if free software was used for ICT in Education in the 320,000 schools across the country.
Sessions
The following parallel sessions were held:
Indian Language Computing
Wikipedia/Wikimedia activities
Computational Biology & Sciences
Free Culture
Freedom on the Cloud
Free Mobile Platforms
Education & Spoken Tutorials
Surveillance, security and privacy & Internet Governance
Mapping & OpenStreetMaps
Computing for the Differently-abled
Free Software in e-Governance
Open Hardware & IoT
Supporting organizations
The following are the organizations that supported the event:
Centre for Internet and Society
SFLC.IN, Delhi
Swathanthra Malayalam Computing
FOSSEE, IIT-Bombay
SPACE, Thiruvananthapuram
Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Kerala University, Thiruvananthapuram
Spoken Tutorials, IIT-Bombay
IEEE Kerala Section
References
External links
2014 in India
Free software culture and documents
Software industry in India
Science and technology in Thiruvananthapuram |
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