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17794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20Liberia | Demographics of Liberia | As of 2006, Liberia has the highest population growth rate in the world (4.50% per annum). 43.5% of Liberians were below the age of 15 in 2010. With recent civil wars being fought along ethnic lines, Liberia is a multiethnic and multicultural country.
Population
According to , Liberia's total population was in . This is compared to 911,000 in 1950.
43.5% of Liberians were below the age of 15 in 2010. 53.7% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.8% were 65 years or older.
As of 2006, Liberia has the highest population growth rate in the world (4.50% per annum).
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events is in Liberia not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
Fertility and births
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
Fertility data as of 2013 (DHS Program):
Life expectancy
Ethnic communities of Liberia
Indigenous
The indigenous ethnic groups of Liberia can be linguistically divided into three groups who speak;
The isolate Gola language and the
Mel languages (particularly Kissi) in the east and
Kru languages (particularly Bassa) in the west
to which must be added the immigrant communities;
Mande-Fu (Kpelle, Gio, Mano, Loma)
Mande-Tan (Vai, Mende, Mandingo)
Repatriated (Americo-Liberians, Congo, Caribbean)
The Gola ethnic group originated somewhere in central Africa. During the Empire of Ancient Ghana they were involved in the land-surveying and jurisprudence of the empire.
The other ethnic groups that fall under the Mande-Tan, Mande-Fu were also members of Ancient Ghana. Because of their influence in the judicial aspects of the Ghana, the Gola's social structure dominated through the Poro.
With the influx of Islam many groups adopted it while others resisted. The Golas fought three wars with pro-Islamic elements in a changing Ghana. These wars were known as the Kumba Wars. The Golas lost the third of these wars and were forced to retreat toward Sierra Leone. They were pursued by the Mende, Gbandi and Loma. Their battles with the Mende in Sierra Leone forced them to retreat yet again and settle finally in Liberia where they encountered the Dei.
Immigrants from Mali
The Kpelle, Gio, Mano, Mandingo and Vai groups migrated from the Empire of Mali for various reasons, some escaping political intrigue, others looking for a better life. The Vais, settled in Grand Cape Mount county in the west of Liberia, were the first to invent a form of writing in 1833 or 1834. The reported inventor was Dwalu Bukele of Bandakor along the Robertsport (provincial capital) highway.
Immigrants from Côte d'Ivoire
In the 16th century; Kru (Tajuasohn), Bassa, Belleh, Krahn, Grebo.
19th century
Americo-Liberians: Free black people and emancipated slaves, and their descendants, from the U.S. and the Caribbean
Congos is an eponymic term for "recaptives," people rescued from slave ships after the slave trade, not slavery itself, was abolished by Great Britain and the United States. These people were "repatriated" to Liberia (and Sierra Leone if rescued by the British) and their descendants. The term was used because many of these rescued Africans were thought to be from the Congo River Basin.
Immigrants from Lebanon
In the late 19th century to early 20th century Lebanese merchants, families and businessmen began arriving in Liberia. Lebanese currently own many major businesses such as supermarkets, restaurants, textiles, construction works, factories and other production based companies across the country. Despite living in the country, Lebanese are denied citizenship rights due to Liberia's nationality law and are seen in a political view as foreigners.
Religion
According to the 2008 National Census, 85.5% of Liberia's population practices Christianity. Muslims comprise 12.2% of the population, largely coming from the Mandingo and Vai ethnic groups. The vast majority of Muslims are Malikite Sunni, with sizeable Shia and Ahmadiyya minorities. Traditional indigenous religions are practiced by 0.5% of the population, while 1.8% subscribe to no religion.
Other demographic statistics
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.
One birth every 3 minutes
One death every 15 minutes
One net migrant every 103 minutes
Net gain of one person every 4 minutes
The following demographic are from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise indicated.
Population
4,809,768 (July 2018 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 43.72% (male 1,062,766 /female 1,040,211)
15-24 years: 19.9% (male 478,041 /female 478,999)
25-54 years: 30.1% (male 711,963 /female 735,878)
55-64 years: 3.43% (male 84,474 /female 80,410)
65 years and over: 2.85% (male 67,229 /female 69,797) (2018 est.)
Median age
total: 17.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 217th
male: 17.6 years
female: 18.1 years (2018 est.)
Birth rate
37.9 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 10th
Death rate
7.4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 116th
Total fertility rate
5 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 13th
Population growth rate
2.59% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 19th
Mother's mean age at first birth
19.2 years (2013 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
Contraceptive prevalence rate
31% (2016)
Net migration rate
-4.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 192nd
Religions
Christian 85.6%, Muslim 12.2%, Traditional 0.6%, other 0.2%, none 1.5% (2008 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 83.2 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 77.6 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 5.5 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 18.1 (2015 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 51.2% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 3.41% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female
15–64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.96 male(s)/female
total population:1 male(s)/female (2018 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 63.8 years (2018 est.)
male: 61.6 years (2018 est.)
female: 66 years (2018 est.)
total population: 57 years (2011 est.)
male: 55.44 years
female: 58.6 years
Ethnic groups
There are officially 17 ethnic groups that make up Liberia's indigenous African population, making up maybe 95% of the total: Kpelle, the largest group; Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mandingo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Sapo, Belleh (Kuwaa), Mende and Dey.
There are also more or less nomadic groups like the Fula, who engage mostly in trade, and the Fanti, who are often fishermen or traders of fish, usually from Ghana, living seasonally and more and more often permanently in Liberia.
Then there are Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of free-born and formerly enslaved African Americans who arrived in Liberia from 1822 onward and Congo People (descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean), making up an estimated 5% of the population. They used to dominate political life in Liberia and still have a lot of influence.
There are about 5,000 people of European descent, many of them having settled down as miners, missionaries, business people, and so on. There also is a sizeable number of Lebanese, Indians, and other people with Asian roots who make up a significant part of Liberia's business community. Because of the civil war and its accompanying problem of insecurity, the number of non-Africans in Liberia is low and confined largely to Monrovia and its immediate surroundings.
The Liberian Constitution restricts citizenship of Liberia only to people who are either 'Negroes or of Negro descent' wherein the Liberian Constitution / Chapter 4 / Article 27b states: "In order to preserve, foster and maintain the positive Liberian culture, values and character, only persons who are Negroes or of Negro descent shall qualify by birth or by naturalization to be citizens of Liberia."
Languages
English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence.
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
total population: 47.6% (2015 est.)
male: 62.4% (2015 est.)
female: 32.8% (2015 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 2.3% (2016 est.)
male: 2.4% (2016 est.)
female: 2.2% (2016 est.)
See also
Liberia
List of countries by population growth rate
References
Bibliography
Ciment, J. (2013) Another America: The Story of Liberia and the Former Slaves Who Ruled It. New York: Hill and Wang.
Clegg, C. (2004). The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: UNC Press.
Sundiata, I. (2003) Brothers and Strangers: Black Zion, Black Slavery, 1914-1940. Durham: Duke University Press
External links
Liberia: Nation & People without identity
The Indigenous & Americo Liberians' Palva
Liberia, "America's step child" searches for own identity
Words Matter: Terms of Global Conflicts debated, NPR
Contemporary Africa & Legacy of late colonialism
How the word ‘tribe’ stereotypes Africa |
22977556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Tamarindo%20Airport | El Tamarindo Airport | El Jaguey Airport is an airport serving El Jaguey, a coastal town in the La Unión Department of El Salvador.
The runway is crossways on a point (Punta de Amapala) at the entrance to the Gulf of Fonseca, and approaches to either end are over the water.
See also
Transport in El Salvador
List of airports in El Salvador
References
External links
OpenStreetMap - El Tamarindo
OurAirports - El Tamarindo Airport
Airports in El Salvador |
40812563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Dearnaley | George Dearnaley | George Dearnaley (born 23 February 1969) is a retired South African football (soccer) striker who played for Hellenic FC, Seven Stars and most notably AmaZulu.
International career
He represented Bafana Bafana in the 1994 World Cup qualifiers.He made his international debut in a Group D World Cup qualifying where South Africa beat Congo 1–0 on 24 October 1992. He played his last international match in a Group D World Cup qualifying where South Africa beat Congo 1–0 on 31 January 1993.
Early life
Dearnaley is of English descent. His ancestors were probably from Dearnley in Lancashire. Dearnaley attended the New Forest Boys High School in Durban. Growing up in Montclair he had very easy access to NSL matches and venues in the townships. He would watch matches mainly from the Glebe Stadium in Umlazi where he encountered the likes of Mlungisi Ngubane and Jomo Sono on numerous occasions.
Amazulu
He got permission from Bizzah Dlamini to train with Usuthu in 1986 when Dearnaley was still in school. He left South Africa for a soccer scholarship in America after he saw minimal chances of playing professionally there, he returned after his father had a conversion with Clive Barker two weeks later. He attended first team pre season training with Amazulu in 1990 when he attended the Natal Technikon. He scored the second goal on debut in January 1990 against Fairway Stars at Kings Park Stadium in Durban winning 3-0. He went on to be the 1992 NSL Golden Boot winner with 20 league goals. He was nicknamed "Sgebengu" by Amazulu fans which means "criminal" in Zulu.
Professional experience after retirement
1997 – Associate Publisher at Touchline Media
1997–2007 – Associate Publisher at Kick Off Magazine
2006–2010 – Football consultant and columnist at 24.com
2008–2010 – Soccer Business Manager at Media24
Old Mutual FC
Dearnaley bought his own SAFA Second Division franchise, Old Mutual FC where he works with Gerald Stober and Mark Anderson as the goalkeeper coach.
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
South African soccer players
South Africa international soccer players
AmaZulu F.C. players
Hellenic F.C. players
White South African people
Sportspeople from Cape Town
South African people of English descent
Association football forwards |
32294576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PA-class%20patrol%20ship%20%28Germany%29 | PA-class patrol ship (Germany) | The ("patrol boat abroad") (PA)-class patrol ships were a class of vessels commissioned into the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) in the Second World War.
The ships were under construction in French shipyards that were seized by the Germans in 1940 at the Fall of France. Work on them continued under German control but progressed slowly, being subject to reluctance, or even sabotage, by the French workforce. Eventually only four were completed. The ships were commissioned in 1943–44 and deployed as escort vessels. Three were bombed and sunk by Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft in 1944; the fourth was sunk as a block ship at Le Havre later the same year.
Background
The PA-class patrol vessels were originally laid down as part of a 1939 order by the French Navy for anti-submarine warfare vessels to a British design, called s in the Royal Navy. They were adapted from a merchant ship design and were suitable for building at merchant yards.
Of the 18 ships ordered, 12 were under construction at British and six at French yards, four of which were at Chantier de St Nazaire-Penhoët. The order was overtaken by events, and none of the ships ordered was completed before the fall of France in June 1940. Saint-Nazaire, with four ships still under construction, fell into German hands, and as the town was in the occupied zone the Germans decided to complete the vessels for use by the German Kriegsmarine.
Design
The PA-class ships differed in several respects from the original Smiths Dock design, and therefore from the Flower-class corvettes in service with the Allies. This reflects their construction history and their intended use. The PAs retained the short forecastle which was a feature of the original design, but which the Royal Navy found impractical in heavy weather. Later Allied vessels were given a longer forecastle, and the early ships were altered as they refitted. This did not happen with the PAs, which retained the un-weatherly short forecastle throughout their service careers. The PAs had another original feature, the enclosed merchant-style bridge, though it was abandoned in Allied ships.
The focus of the PA class's role was as inshore and coastal escorts, where the chief danger was from mines or attack by aircraft and small craft, such as motor torpedo boats and gunboats. A number of changes to their armament and layout were made to reflect this. The PAs were equipped with minesweeping gear, and to accommodate these items the upswept stern gunwale, a characteristic of the original design, was cut away, producing a flat quarterdeck and simple wire rails. The PAs also had an enhanced anti-aircraft (AA) armament; two sets of twin 37 mm AA guns were fitted in a flying bridge amidships and a set of quadruple 20 mm guns was fitted aft. They also had a 20 mm quadruple mount in a tub set on the roof of the bridge; given the Flowers' reputation for rolling in any seas, putting such a weight so high up would have done no good for their seaworthiness.
Service history
On completion the four PAs had relatively short service careers. After a four-year building period, none of the ships was in service longer than nine months. The first to be completed, PA 2, joined ("15th Outpost Flotilla") in September 1943, and took part in general patrol and escort duties, protecting coastal traffic against air and small craft attack in the English Channel. She was joined by PA 3 in November 1943 and PA 1 in April 1944.
The ships took part in a number of naval actions. In September 1943 PA 2 was part of a force escorting the freighter Maladi in the Channel when they were attacked by Allied motor torpedo boats and motor gun boats. One escort was damaged in the action and Maladi was sunk. In January 1944 PA 3 was part of a force that escorted the blockade-runner Münsterland up the Channel, though Münsterland was protected from ships it was sunk by the coastal artillery at Dover. In February PA 2 and PA 3 were with a force that successfully fought off an attack on the tanker Reckum, bringing her safely to Le Havre. The tanker was later sunk by the Dover batteries.
In June 1944, during the Allied invasion of Normandy, German naval units in the area came under persistent air attack. During RAF air raids at Le Havre PA 2 - along with six other escorts - was sunk on 15 June and PA 3 was irreparably damaged on 15–16 June. PA 1 survived until August, but was abandoned when the flotilla fled the town ahead of the Allied advance. PA 4 was unfinished when Nantes was liberated. She was launched as La Télindière and sunk as a blockship in April 1945. She was raised and scrapped in 1946.
Ships in class
Notes
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
World War II patrol vessels of Germany
1940s ships |
511445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tightrope%20walking | Tightrope walking | Tightrope walking, also called funambulism, is the skill of walking along a thin wire or rope. It has a long tradition in various countries and is commonly associated with the circus. Other skills similar to tightrope walking include slack rope walking and slacklining.
Types
Tightwire is the skill of maintaining balance while walking along a tensioned wire between two points. It can be done either using a balancing tool (umbrella, fan, balance pole, etc.) or "freehand", using only one's body to maintain balance. Typically, tightwire performances either include dance or object manipulation. Object manipulation acts include a variety of props in their acts, such as clubs, rings, hats, or canes. Tightwire performers have even used wheelbarrows with passengers, ladders, and animals in their act. The technique to maintain balance is to keep the performer's centre of mass above their support point—usually their feet.
Highwire is a form of tightwire walking but performed at much greater height. Although there is no official height when tightwire becomes highwire, generally a wire over high are regarded as a highwire act.
Skywalk is a form of highwire which is performed at great heights and length. A skywalk is performed outdoors between tall buildings, gorges, across waterfalls or other natural and man-made structures.
Ropes
If the "lay" of the rope (the orientation of the constituent strands, the "twist" of a rope) is in one direction, the rope can twist on itself as it stretches and relaxes. Underfoot, this could be hazardous to disastrous in a tightrope. One solution is for the rope core to be made of steel cable, laid in the opposite direction to the outer layers, so that twisting forces balance each other out.
Biomechanics
Acrobats maintain their balance by positioning their centre of mass directly over their base of support, i.e. shifting most of their weight over their legs, arms, or whatever part of their body they are using to hold them up. When they are on the ground with their feet side by side, the base of support is wide in the lateral direction but narrow in the sagittal (back-to-front) direction. In the case of highwire-walkers, their feet are parallel with each other, one foot positioned in front of the other while on the wire. Therefore, a tightwire walker's sway is side to side, their lateral support having been drastically reduced. In both cases, whether side by side or parallel, the ankle is the pivot point.
A wire-walker may use a pole for balance or may stretch out his arms perpendicular to his trunk in the manner of a pole. This technique provides several advantages. It distributes mass away from the pivot point, thereby increasing the moment of inertia. This reduces angular acceleration, so a greater torque is required to rotate the performer over the wire. The result is less tipping. In addition, the performer can also correct sway by rotating the pole. This will create an equal and opposite torque on the body.
Tightwire-walkers typically perform in very thin and flexible, leather-soled slippers with a full-length suede or leather sole to protect the feet from abrasions and bruises, while still allowing the foot to curve around the wire. Though very infrequent in performance, amateur, hobbyist, or inexperienced funambulists will often walk barefoot so that the wire can be grasped between the big and second toe. This is more often done when using a rope, as the softer and silkier fibres are less taxing on the bare foot than the harder and more abrasive braided wire.
Famous tightrope artists
Charles Blondin, a.k.a. Jean-François Gravelet, crossed the Niagara Falls many times
Robert Cadman, early 18th-century British highwire walker and ropeslider
Jay Cochrane, Canadian, set multiple records for skywalking, including The Great China Skywalk in Qutang Gorge, China, , from one cliff wall to the opposite side above the Yangtze River; the longest blindfolded skywalk, , in 1998, between the towers of the Flamingo Hilton in Las Vegas, Nevada, and broadcast on FOX Network's "Guinness World Records: Primetime" on Tuesday, February 23, 1999; In 2001, he became the first person to perform a skywalk in Niagara Falls, Canada, in more than a hundred years. His final performances took place during Skywalk 2012 with a world record submission of in cumulative distance skywalking from the Skylon Tower at a height of traversing the highwire to the pinnacle of the Hilton Fallsview Hotel at .
Con Colleano, Australian, "the Wizard of the Wire"
David Dimitri, Swiss highwire walker
Pablo Fanque, 19th-century British tightrope walker and "rope dancer", among other talents, although best known as the first black circus owner in Britain, and for his mention in the Beatles song, Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!
The Great Farini, a.k.a. Willie Hunt, crossed the Niagara Falls many times
Farrell Hettig, American highwire walker, started as a Wallenda team member, once held record for steepest incline for a wire walk he completed in 1981
Henry Johnson (1806–1910), British tightrope walker with Sanger's and Hughes' circuses (also equestrian gymnast and acrobat)
Denis Josselin, a French tightrope walker, completed on 6 April 2014 a walk over the river Seine in Paris. It took him 30 minutes to walk over of rope, meters above the river. He covered his eyes halfway through without harness or safety net but police boats were on hand in case he fell.
Jade Kindar-Martin and Didier Pasquette, an American-French highwire duo, most notable for their world-record setting skywalk over the River Thames in London
Henri L'Estrange, 19th-century Australian; first person to tightrope walk across Sydney harbour and early balloonist
Elvira Madigan, Danish 19th-century tightwire walker
Bird Millman, American star of Ringling Brothers & Barnum and Bailey Circus
Fyodor Molodtsov (1855–1919), a Russian rope walker. Was known to perform numerous tricks such as rope walking while shooting, carrying another person, wearing stilts, dancing, and even being unbalanced by pyrotechnical explosions. Known to have defeated Blondin during a tightrope crossing of the Neva river, by braving it at a wider place.
Jorge Ojeda-Guzman, Ecuadorian highwire walker, set The Guinness Book of World Records, Tightrope Endurance Record, for living 205 days on the wire, from January 1 to July 25, 1993 in Orlando, Florida.
Rudy Omankowski Jr., French-Czech highwire walker, holds record for skywalk distance
Stephen Peer, after several previous successful crossings, fell to his death at the Niagara Falls in 1887
Philippe Petit, French highwire-walker, famous for his walk between the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City in 1974
Eskil Rønningsbakken, Norwegian balancing artist whose feats include tightrope walking between hot air balloons in flight
Maria Spelterini, Italian highwire walker, first woman to cross the Niagara Falls
Falko Traber, German tightwire walker, walked to the Sugarloaf Mountain in Rio de Janeiro
Vertelli, British-Australian tightrope walker, nicknamed "the Australian Blondin"
The Flying Wallendas, famous for their seven- and eight-person pyramid wire-walks
Karl Wallenda, founder of the Flying Wallendas, died after falling from a wire on March 22, 1978, at age 73, while attempting to cross between the two towers of the Condado Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Nik Wallenda, great-grandson of Karl, second person to walk from the United States to Canada over the Horseshoe Falls at the Niagara Falls on June 15, 2012; with his mother Delilah (Karl's granddaughter), completed his great-grandfather's final attempt between the two towers of the Condado Plaza Hotelon June 4, 2011. On June 23, 2013 he successfully walked over a gorge in the area of the Grand Canyon. On November 2, 2014, he crossed over the Chicago River from the west tower of Marina City to the Leo Burnett building, following it with a blindfolded trip from the west tower to the east tower of Marina City. performed a record-breaking skywalk of at Kings Island on July 4, 2008, breaking Karl Wallenda's record walk
Adili Wuxor, Chinese (Uyghur), from Xinjiang, performer of the Uyghur tradition of highwire-walking called dawaz; record-holder for highest wire-walk, in 2010 he lived on wire for 60 days, at Beijing's Bird Nest Stadium.
Maurizio Zavatta, Holder of highest tightrope walk while blindfolded. Set on 16 November 2016 in Wulong, Chongqing (China).
Rafael Zugno Bridi broke the world record of the highest ever tightrope walk, by walking between two hot air balloons more than a mile high above the ground.
Metaphorical use
The word funambulism or the phrase walking a tightrope is also used in a metaphorical setting not referring to any actual acrobatic acts. For instance, politicians are said to "walk a tightrope" when trying to balance two opposing views with little room for compromise. The term can also be used in satirical or acidic contexts. Nicholas Taleb uses the phrase in his book The Black Swan. "You get respect for doing funambulism or spectator sports". Taleb is criticising scientists who prefer popularism to vigorous research and those who walk a fixed and narrow path rather than explore a large field of empirical study.
See also
References
Circus skills |
36088066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%20Sopanha | Sun Sopanha | Sun Sopanha (born 2 March 1985 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia) is Cambodian footballer who plays for home town club Asia Euro United in Cambodian League. He was called to Cambodia national football team at 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification.
Honours
Club
Phnom Penh Crown
Cambodian League: 2008,2010,2011
Hun Sen Cup: 2008,2009
2011 AFC President's Cup: Runner up
Nagacorp FC
Hun Sen Cup: 2013
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Cambodian footballers
Cambodia international footballers
Sportspeople from Phnom Penh
Association football midfielders
Nagaworld FC players
Phnom Penh Crown FC players |
10652774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3n%20Trausti%20Sigur%C3%B0arson | Jón Trausti Sigurðarson | Jón Trausti Sigurðarson (born January 4, 1982) is an Icelandic marketing director and lawyer, best known for founding the Reykjavík-based, English language magazine Reykjavik Grapevine with Hilmar Grétarsson and Valur Gunnarsson. The newspaper, which Sigurðarson helped to establish, now has a circulation of almost 50,000.
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Jon Trausti Sigurdarson |
44840785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Korea%E2%80%93Somalia%20relations | North Korea–Somalia relations | North Korea–Somalia relations () refers to bilateral relations between North Korea and Somalia.
Overview and history
Diplomatic relations between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (commonly known as North Korea) and Somalia were formally established on 13 April 1967. This late-1950s to 1960s period was when North Korea had first declared autonomous diplomacy.
During the Somali Democratic Republic, relations with North Korea were close, due to shared ideals and geopolitical interests. Both countries formally adhered to anti-imperialism and Marxism–Leninism, and were aligned with the Soviet Union in the context of the wider Cold War. The Supreme Revolutionary Council established relations with the DPRK in 1970. President of Somalia Siad Barre made two visits to Pyongyang during his tenure, once in 1971. He then met with Kim Il-sung, and signed a bilateral agreement of technical and economic assistance.
Over the following years, military cooperation intensified, with North Korea training and equipping the Somali Armed Forces. Additionally, due to a resentment against Ethiopia over the country's involvement in the Korean War, North Korean advisers trained pro-Somalia guerrilla forces active in the Ethiopian–Somali conflict. This changed considerably after the communist Derg came to power in 1974, causing an eventual realignment of Soviet support towards Ethiopia. North Korea followed suit, and provided military aid to Ethiopia against Somalia during the Ethio-Somali War.
As of March 2014, North Korea and Somalia still officially maintain diplomatic relations according to the National Committee on North Korea.
See also
Foreign relations of North Korea
Foreign relations of Somalia
Somalia–South Korea relations
Dai Hong Dan incident
References
External links
DPRK Diplomatic Relations
North Korea
Somalia |
65363747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20El%20Mazem | Mohamed El Mazem | Mohamed El Mazem () is an Emirati singer.
Early life
His actual release was in the year 1989, when he presented an album, "Habib who is not my heart adored" and now he owns 15 albums, most of which are romantic songs.
Discography
Albums
Sweetheart of others 1989
Muhammad Al-Mazem 1990
Muhammad Al-Mazem 1993
Atheeb Lama 1994
Tanch 1995
Fadec 1995
Like Candles 1996
Almazam 1998
The look of the mazem 2000
Ayoun Al-Mazem 2001
I love you 2002
Al-Mazam Candle 2003
Malik Albi 2007
National songs
Emirates of Arabism and generosity
Operetta uniting the armed forces in Abu Dhabi
Country of pride with the house band
Operetta Loyalty and Belonging
Fadetk our dear mother
See also
Hussain Al Jassmi
Esther Eden
Mehad Hamad
References
Living people
People from the Emirate of Sharjah
Emirati male singers
Emirati composers
1985 births
Arabic-language singers |
25044522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordan%20Todorov%20%28footballer%2C%20born%20November%201981%29 | Yordan Todorov (footballer, born November 1981) | Yordan Todorov – Paro (; born 12 November 1981) is a Bulgarian footballer, who plays as a midfielder for Kom.
Career
Todorov spent almost his entire career at Montana. Between 2016–2018 he played for Kariana but was released at the end of the 2017–18 season. In July 2018, Todorov joined Kom.
References
1981 births
Living people
People from Montana, Bulgaria
Bulgarian footballers
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
FC Montana players
FC Kariana Erden players
Association football midfielders |
68603542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20White%20%28actress%29 | Barbara White (actress) | Barbara White (1923–2013) was a British film actress. She played several leading roles during a brief film career during the 1940s. She also appeared on stage in Lesley Storm's Great Day amongst others. She married the Irish actor Kieron Moore whom she acted with in The Voice Within (1946).
Selected filmography
It Happened One Sunday (1944)
The Voice Within (1946)
Quiet Weekend (1946)
While the Sun Shines (1947)
Mine Own Executioner (1947)
This Was a Woman (1948)
References
Bibliography
Goble, Alan. The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.
Wearing, J.P. The London Stage 1940-1949: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel. Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.
External links
1923 births
2013 deaths
British film actresses
British stage actresses
British television actresses
People from Sheerness |
17248711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro%20District | Moro District | Moro District is one of nine districts of the province Santa in Peru.
References
Districts of the Santa Province
Districts of the Ancash Region |
68375571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another%20Sky | Another Sky | Another Sky may refer to:
Another Sky (album), a 2000 album by Altan
Another Sky (band), English post-rock band formed in 2017 |
23982083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancheng%20Subdistrict%2C%20Dongguan | Nancheng Subdistrict, Dongguan | Nancheng Subdistrict is a subdistrict of Guangdong Province, China. It is under the administration of Dongguan city.
Geography
Nancheng is a town located in the new city central area of Dongguan, and also where the Municipal Committee of Communist Party of China and the Municipal Government of Dongguan situate at. The district occupies an area of 59 square meters with 17 Community Resident Committees under its jurisdiction. Total resident population of 62,000 and new Dongguanese of 153,000 reside in the district. It is the new political and cultural centre of Dongguan, after the government moved here from the old city centre at Guancheng District.
Infrastructure and public facilities
The prime location of Nancheng leads easy access to all parts of the city and economic zones in China, Hong Kong and Macau with all the highways, railway, canal and other connecting infrastructures. Many buildings and public facilities like International Conventional Centre, Congress building, Yulan Theatre, Heritage Museum, Science and Technology Museum, public library and Children & Youth Centre, all stood as symbols of Dongguan, are located in Nancheng.
Transportation
There is a bus service from Nancheng Subdistrict to Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport in Shenzhen.
Education
International School of Dongguan is located in Nancheng District.
Economics
GDP of Nancheng in 2008 reached RMB18,300,000,000, represented an increase of 16.4% from last year. Nancheng recorded a total tax revenue of RMB3,100,000,000 with an increase of 15.2% yoy. The balance of deposit was RMB41,900,000,000 with an increase of 11.5% yoy. Retail sales of consumer goods in the district reached RMB5,040,000,000 with an increase of 29% yoy.
Many large international enterprises have set up hubs in Nancheng, such as Walmart, Nokia, Nestle, etc., and from the list 12 of them are the world’s largest 500 enterprises. There are also 13 national high and new technological enterprises such as Dongguan Anwell Digital Machinery Co., Ltd., Dongguan Land Dragon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., and Dongguan Shengyi Copper Clad laminate Co., Ltd. etc., one provincial level innovative pilot enterprise and 26 provincial high and new technological enterprises situated in Nancheng that could further promote Nancheng as a key region that has the most operation hubs of worldwide enterprises.
References
County-level divisions of Guangdong |
37899579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz%20W142 | Mercedes-Benz W142 | The Mercedes-Benz W 142 (Mercedes-Benz Typ 320) was a six-cylinder passenger car launched in February 1937, as a successor to the Mercedes-Benz Typ 290 (Mercedes-Benz W 18). The car was known by its name Typ 320 at the time of its production and service, but is in retrospect commonly referred to using its Mercedes-Benz works number, "W142", which gives a more unambiguously unique nomenclature.
Mercedes-Benz Typ 320 n (Works number W142/I) 1937–1938
The standard-wheelbase version of the W142 shared its wheelbase with the standard lengthened versions of its predecessor, but a more streamlined form with longer overhangs meant that even in this form the W142 was substantially longer and indeed wider than the earlier car. The front grill was gently raked backwards, and there was no longer a bar in front of it to carry lights, all of which gave the car a more sporting look than the model it replaced.
Power came from a newly enlarged straight six 3,208 cc side-valve engine with a listed maximum output of at 4,000 rpm, supporting a claimed top speed of 130 km/h (81 mph). This was delivered to the rear wheels via a four-speed manual transmission which, unusually in the 1930s, incorporated synchromesh on all four ratios. The footbrake used a hydraulic control mechanism and operated on all four wheels. The suspension set-up was carried over from the W18 with a swing axle at the rear and the front axle suspended with a central transverse leaf spring and coil springs beside the wheels.
Customers wishing to make their own arrangements in respect of bodywork could buy a standard-wheelbase W142 in base chassis form at the manufacturer's listed price of 6,500 Marks. Otherwise the choice of standard bodies was restricted to a three-seat cabriolet (known as the "Cabriolet A") or a coupé-bodied equivalent with a removable roof, priced respectively at 11,800 Marks or 12,300 Marks.
Mercedes-Benz Typ 320 (Works number W142/II) 1937–1938
Longer-bodied cars came with an extra of wheelbase, and Mercedes-Benz offered a choice from a wide range of standard body options for the longer cars.
Customers happy to make their own arrangements in respect of bodywork could buy a longer-wheelbase W142 in base chassis form at the manufacturer's listed price of 6,800 Marks, or 300 Marks more than the price of the shorter chassis. The entry level model with a Mercedes-Benz body included in the price was the four-door ”Limousine” (sedan/saloon) at 8,950 Marks. There were no fewer than four cabriolet-bodied versions of the longer-wheelbase car offered, being a two-door 2/3-seater ("Cabriolet A"), a two-door 4-seater with four side-windows ("Cabriolet B"), a four-door 4-seater ("Cabriolet D") and a very substantial-looking four-door 6-seater with three rows of seats ("Pullman-Cabriolet F"). Other soft-topped standard-bodied versions were a Torpedo-bodied 6-seater "Tourenwagen" and a sporty 2-seater Roadster. There was also a six-seater “Pullman-Limousine” with three rows of seats and six side windows under a conventional steel roof. The rear seat of the Pullman-bodied cars was above the back axle, and an extra luggage locker at the back left the overall length of the Pullman-Limousine at , still using the wheelbase. The highest listed price for a Mercedes-Benz-bodied W142 was 14,500 Marks for a "Stromlinien-Limousine" featuring a strikingly modern exceptionally streamlined steel body.
Mercedes-Benz Typ 320 (Works number W142/III) 1937–1939
The short-wheelbase version of the car was also the basis for a "Wehrmachtskübelwagen" (military vehicle), one of several such vehicles which may have provided inspiration for the subsequent (1941) Jeep. The W142 “Kübelwagen” retained the frontal style of the car on which it was based, but with a horizontal bar ahead of the front grill on which to mount lights. It had four front-hinged doors, a canvas top and wide-tread tyres for rough terrain. In this form the vehicle came with a listed top speed of 118 km/h (73 mph).
Mercedes-Benz Typ 320 (Works number W142/IV) 1938–1942
In 1938 the manufacturer increased the cylinder bore to , thereby increasing the engine capacity to 3,405 cc. Nevertheless, the cars retained the "Typ 320" designation. There was also no change in the power output, still listed at at 4,000 rpm, and there were no claims of improved performance. Instead the compression ratio was lowered in anticipation of future shortages enforcing the use of fuel synthesized from coal which was expected to have a lower octane rating than the “normal” fuel used at the time. The larger-engined car also came with an overdrive ratio (1 : 0.73) added to the hitherto four-speed gear box which the car had featured since launch.
In 1939 the larger engine was also used in the W142/III Kübelwagen, this time accompanied by a small increase in maximum output to and an accompanying reassurance that the top speed was undiminished.
Commercial
Between 1937 and 1942 Mercedes-Benz produced 4,326 of the 3,208 cc cars and 885 of the 3,405 cc cars.
Production of a further 1,806 W142 based military Kübelwagen between 1938 and 1940 is also recorded.
See also
Notes
References
This entry incorporates information from the equivalent German Wikipedia entry.
External links
W142
W142
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Sedans
1930s cars |
23865527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irma%20Schoennauer%20Cole | Irma Schoennauer Cole | Irma (Schoennauer) Cole (born as Irmgard Ida Ottilie Schoennauer; January 15, 1920 – November 6, 2003) was one of the United States’s premier swimmers in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Born in Seattle, Washington, she was the daughter and eldest child of Chicago native, Arthur Charles John Schoennauer, and Prussian immigrant, Ida Amalia Ottilie Welk. Irma’s father was a career typesetter employed by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer for most of his life; her mother was a seamstress and clothing designer. As a teen, Irmgard attended Lincoln High School in Seattle, and graduated from the University of Washington in 1942 with a BA degree in Communications. As a freshman, she was a member of "Chi of Phrateres," a philanthropic-social organization for female college students at the University.
Born the year female swimmers became the first American women to achieve full Olympic status, Irma began her competitive swimming career as a child at Green Lake in Seattle, having local swimming champion Helene Madison as her older role model. Quickly recognized for her natural swimming ability and competitive spirit, Imgard was invited to join the swimming team of the Washington Athletic Club in 1935, soon winning numerous local, regional, statewide, and multi-state telegraph races, and was a member of the 400-yard relay team that won the National Championship in 1938. Groomed to compete in 1940 Summer Olympics, she continued competitive swimming after the outbreak of World War II, even though the Olympic games were suspended by the IOC. It is very likely, had it not been for the war, she would have competed on the United States Olympic swim team, possibly alongside peer, Esther Williams of California.
She made a career as a civil servant for the Federal Government for over 40 years; starting with the Department of the Interior at Mount Rainier National Park in Washington state after graduating from college, the Department of the War (Army & Air Force) in California during the latter part of World War II, and the Social Security Administration from about 1953 in various states, including California, Kansas, Maryland and finally Washington, where she retired about 1982.
Irma married Melvin Leroy Cole of Arkansas in 1955 in Ellensburg, Washington. Because they both worked for the same government agency, after married they rarely resided in the same city. Although two children were born of this union, partly as a result of this forced separation, they divorced in 1963. Besides her lifelong interest in swimming, she enjoyed travelling by train (she never got a driver’s license, owned a car, or flew in a plane), investing in real estate, and researching her family history. Irma died in Tacoma, Washington at the age of 83. Her body was buried at Lake View Cemetery in Seattle, next to her beloved father. Upon her death in 2003, she was survived by one of her brothers, her two sons, and one grandchild.
References
1920 births
2003 deaths
American female swimmers
University of Washington College of Arts and Sciences alumni
American civil servants
Swimmers from Seattle
Sportspeople from Tacoma, Washington
20th-century American women
20th-century American people
21st-century American women |
21685643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw%20Theatre%20Directorate | Warsaw Theatre Directorate | The Warsaw Theatre Directorate (Warszawskie Teatry Rządowe) was the chief authority for theatres in the Duchy of Warsaw in Warsaw during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was set up by decree of Frederick Augustus I of Saxony on 14 April 1810 as the Rządowa Dyrekcja Teatru (Government Directorate for Theatre), its draft statute having been developed by Wojciecha Bogusławskiego. In 1822 it changed its name to Dyrekcja Teatrów i Wszelkich Widowisk Dramatycznych i Muzycznych w Królestwie (Directorate of all theatres and dramatic and musical performance in the Kingdom), then in 1833 to the Warsaw Theatre Directorate. It ceased to exist in July 1915.
It guided theatrical output and provided theatres with financial stability, enabling shows in Polish to be put on and new theatre buildings to be constructed. Its companies included ones for operettas, ballets, dramas, comedies, the National Theatre and later opera and farce. It had 5 buildings:
from 1833 - Teatr Wielki and the Teatr Rozmaitości
from 1870 - Teatr Letni
from 1880 - Teatr Mały
from 1881 - Teatr Nowy
from 1901 - Teatr Nowości
Presidents
The body's president was supported by a board of governors and by directors, and from 1907 by literary managers.
Sources
Bartłomiej tytuł= Encyklopedia Warszawy Kaczorowski: Warszawa: Wydaw. Naukowe PWN, 1994, s. 933, 934. .
Maria Olga Bieńka: Warszawskie teatry rządowe : dramat i komedia : 1890–1915. Warszawa: Instytut Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2003. .
Teatr polski w latach 1890-1918. Warszawa: PWN, 1988, s. 272. .
Theatre in Poland
History of Warsaw
Duchy of Warsaw
1810 establishments in Poland
1915 disestablishments in Poland |
34503999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baphala%20phaeolella | Baphala phaeolella | Baphala phaeolella is a species of snout moth in the genus Baphala. It was described by Herbert H. Neunzig in 1997 and is found in North America, including Maryland, Mississippi and West Virginia.
The larvae probably feed on scale insects.
References
Moths described in 1997
Phycitinae |
20715484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhadevi%20Sombare | Sinhadevi Sombare | Sinhadevi Sombare is a village development committee in Morang District in the Kosi Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2554 people living in 477 individual households.
References
Kerabari Rural Municipality |
43147017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing%20at%20the%202006%20Asian%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%2091%20kg | Boxing at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's 91 kg | The men's heavyweight (91 kilograms) event at the 2006 Asian Games took place from 5 to 12 December 2006 at Aspire Hall 5, Doha, Qatar.
Schedule
All times are Arabia Standard Time (UTC+03:00)
Results
Legend
RSCI — Won by referee stop contest injury
RSCO — Won by referee stop contest outscored
WO — Won by walkover
References
External links
Official website
91 |
54615022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20%28French%20TV%20series%29 | Simon (French TV series) | Simon is a French flash-animated television series based on Stéphanie Blake’s books published by L’Ecole des Loisirs, directed by Julien Cayot, adapted by Thomas Forwood and Stéphanie Blake and produced by GO-N Productions with the participation of France Télévisions. The show centers on a anthropomorphic rabbit with harelip named Simon. The series premiered in France on December 17, 2016 on French channel France 5 before being exported across the world.
Plot
The series focuses on a cute anthropomorphic rabbit named Simon, who lives with his parents Andre and Eva and little brother Gaspard and a pet orange cat named Milou and they go on many adventures.
Cast
French
Salomé Keren Zeitoun as Simon, an anthropomorphic 5 year old white rabbit.
Magalie Bonfils as Eva
Mathias Casartelli as André
Mahogany-Elfie Elis as Lou
Angèle Humeau as Patricia
Tony Sanial as Gaspard
Kylian Trouillard as Ferdinand
Charley Dethière as Ferdinand
English
Alex Starke as Simon
Loti Bailey as Lou
Hayden Conneti as Mamadoo
Keith Faulkner as Grandpa
Rudy Greatorex as Gaspard
Hari Patel as Gaspard from mid season 3
Luke Haliwell as André
Jacob Preston as Ferdinand
Joanna Ruiz as Eva, Patricia, Grandma
Episodes
References
External links
Official website at France 5
Official website at Go-N Productions
2010s French animated television series
2016 French television series debuts
French flash animated television series
French children's animated comedy television series
French children's animated drama television series
French television shows based on children's books
English-language television shows
French-language television shows
France Télévisions children's television series
Cartoon Network original programming
Animated television series about Leporidae
Animated television series about children
Television pilots not picked up as a series |
59079781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20Harbor%20%28Wisconsin%29 | Eagle Harbor (Wisconsin) | Eagle Harbor is a small harbor in Door County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is located on the eastern side of Green Bay, an arm of Lake Michigan. The harbor is approximately 2.5 square miles in area.
Ephraim, Wisconsin, is located on the east side of Eagle Harbor. Peninsula State Park has a coastline on the harbor.
References
Ports and harbors of Wisconsin
Bodies_of_water_of_Door_County,_Wisconsin |
40058225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cthulhu%20Rise | Cthulhu Rise | Cthulhu Rise is Ukrainian musical group based in Kyiv, making music in areas of progressive rock and mathcore with elements of jazzcore and jazz fusion.
Band members
Current lineup
Ivan "S_D" Serdyuk (guitar)
Stanislav "Beaver" Bobritsky (keyboards)
Alexander Chub (bass)
Andy "Gone" Prischenko (drums)
Previous members
Konstantin "Kurt" Yerasov (vocals, 2007-2009)R.I.P.
Dmitriy "Big" Sazonov (vocals, 2009-2010)
Yury Demirskiy (bass, 2007-2012)
Discography
42 (2012)
The Second One (2016)
Last (2020)
Reviews
http://avantgarde-metal.com/cthulhu-rise-42-2012/ (English)
http://www.sonicabuse.com/2013/05/cthulhu-rise-42-album-review/ (English)
http://kakereco.com/cd.php?id=66682 (Japanese)
http://www.musikreviews.de/reviews/2013/Cthulhu-Rise/42/ (German)
http://www.musikreviews.de/interviews/08-02-2013/Cthulhu-Rise/ (German)
https://web.archive.org/web/20140113040631/http://www.iopages.nl/archief/io114.html (Dutch)
http://www.progarchives.com/album.asp?id=52963 (English)
References
External links
Official website
Chtulhu Rise Bandcamp Account
Cthulhu Rise Facebook Account
Ukrainian musical groups
Ukrainian rock music groups
Ukrainian progressive rock groups
Mathcore musical groups
Musical groups established in 2007 |
6127510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown%20St.%20Petersburg%20Historic%20District | Downtown St. Petersburg Historic District | The Downtown St. Petersburg Historic District is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on April 30, 2004) located in St. Petersburg, Florida. The district is bounded by 5th Avenue N, Beach Drive NE, Central Avenue, and 9th Street N. It contains 367 historic buildings and 7 objects.
Gallery
References
External links
Pinellas County listings at National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida
Geography of St. Petersburg, Florida
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Tourist attractions in St. Petersburg, Florida
2004 establishments in Florida |
6122676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overton%20Loyd | Overton Loyd | Overton Loyd (born April 20, 1954) is an American artist best known for creating the cover art for the Parliament album Motor Booty Affair and several other records. His style of art varies often from work to work, and can range from loose sketches and paintings to fully fleshed out pieces. He is a friend of George Clinton of Parliament, and most of the subjects for his art are either Clinton or Parliament.
Loyd's contribution to Motor Booty Affair was considerable. The original LP was released in several different configurations. The main release consisted of a gate-fold album cover, with Loyd's artwork on the front and back covers. His illustrations included cartoon portraits of some of the "characters" mentioned in the songs on the album, including "Mr. Wiggles the Worm." There was also a picture disk, with Loyd's illustration printed directly on the vinyl LP. Finally, there was a special edition that included cardboard cutout figures featuring Loyd's cartoon illustrations of most of the characters mentioned in the songs.
When Parliament went on tour in support of Motor Booty Affair, Loyd designed costumes for members of the band based on the cartoon illustrations he had made for the album cover.
In 1977, Loyd illustrated a comic book that was included in Parliament's Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome, portraying the epic battle between Sir Nose D’Voidoffunk and Starchild (see P-Funk mythology). In the cartoon, which echoes the lyrics to the songs on the album, Sir Nose, who is determined not to dance, is ultimately defeated by Starchild, who is equipped with his Bop Gun, when Starchild shines a Flash Light on him.
Loyd was also responsible for the artwork on Bootsy's Rubber Band's This Boot Is Made for Fonk-N and Parliament's Gloryhallastoopid (Or Pin the Tail on the Funky), both released in 1979.
Loyd was recognized by Billboard for "Best Use of Computer Graphics" for his 1982 video for George Clinton's "Atomic Dog."
Loyd was the featured caricaturist on the American television game show Win, Lose or Draw.
In November 2006, Loyd was the guest art director for two episodes of the animated television series Class of 3000 on Cartoon Network.
Loyd is African-American.
References
Further reading
David Mills, Larry Alexander, Thomas Stanley, and Aris Thomas, George Clinton and P-Funk: An Oral History (New York: Avon, 1998).
Rickey Vincent, Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One (New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 1996) .
Grant Scott, Barry Miles, and Johnny Morgan, The Greatest Album Covers of All Time (New York: Sterling Publishing, 2005) . Page 121. Available at Google Book Search
Wax Poetics Issue 18, Parliament-Funkadelic, August/September 2006, interview by Richard Edson and Edward Hill entitled "Bop Art". Page 121. Available at Wax Poetic Back-issues, Overton Loyd Interview.
External links
Overton Loyd's website
1954 births
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
American illustrators
American comics artists
American caricaturists
American surrealist artists
American animators
Album-cover and concert-poster artists
P-Funk members
Living people |
21841606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ublik | Ublik | Ublik () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orzysz, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north of Orzysz, north of Pisz, and east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (East Prussia).
References
Ublik |
39889010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranchi%20%28disambiguation%29 | Ranchi (disambiguation) | Ranchi is a city in the state of Jharkhand in India.
Ranchi can also refer to:
Ranchi University, a premier Indian University
Ranchi district, a district in the Indian state of Jharkhand
Ranchi Rhinos, Hockey India League team based in Ranchi
SS Ranchi, a British ocean liner |
26106661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz%20Szymanowicz | Włodzimierz Szymanowicz | Włodzimierz Szymanowicz (born Wrocław, Poland; September 3, 1946 - March 4, 1967) was a Polish painter and poet. He was the son of Jadwiga, a Polish aristocrat, and Kazimierz Szymanowicz who was Polish of Jewish descent.
Szymanowicz is known mostly for his poems, including one in which is included lyrics to a popular song composed years after his death (Zaproście mnie do stołu, which won an award at the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole in 1974). While none of his poems were published while he was alive, many survive and some have been published posthumously.
References
20th-century Polish painters
20th-century male artists
1946 births
1967 deaths
20th-century Polish poets
Polish male painters
1967 suicides
Suicides in Poland |
39743171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton%20%28film%29 | Clinton (film) | Clinton is a biographical film about former President Bill Clinton. Produced by PBS for the series of American Experience, the film documents Clinton's life, from childhood until the end of his second term in 2001. Clinton features interviews with political advisers, campaign strategists, and childhood friends. The film is narrated by Campbell Scott. It was released in 2012.
Production
The film is part of the American Experience series: "The Presidents".
Cast
James Carville
Joe Klein
Harold Ickes
John Harris
Dick Morris
Michael Waldman
Connie Chung
Carol Willis
Gail Sheehy
Robert Reich
Bernard W. Nussbaum
David Maraniss
Carolyn Staley
Joe Purvis
Nigel Hamilton
William Chafe
Paul Fray
John Brummett
Bobby Roberts
Max Brantley
Maria Crider
Ernie Dumas
Frank White
Betsey Wright
Christiane Amanpour
Kofi Annan
Music
The sound recordists of the movie are:
Len Schmitz
Bob Freeman
Tommy Alford
David Settlemoir
Roger Phenix
Doug Dunderdale
Adrienne Wade
References
External links
On the PBS - American Experience Series
Program transcript
2012 television films
2012 films
American Experience
American films
American television films
Cultural depictions of Bill Clinton
English-language films
Films about Bill Clinton
Films directed by Barak Goodman |
25986662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealing%20First%20Base | Stealing First Base | "Stealing First Base" is the sixteenth episode of the twenty-first season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 21, 2010. In this episode, Bart falls in love with a girl named Nikki from a second fourth-grade class, but when he kisses her, Nikki begins treating Bart like dirt. Meanwhile, First Lady Michelle Obama teaches Lisa that there is no shame in being an overachiever, and Nelson Muntz teaches a blind boy how to be a schoolyard bully.
The episode was written by John Frink and directed by Steven Dean Moore.
The episode was also watched by 5.69 million households and received a 2.8/8 in the 18-49 Nielsen Rating.
The episode received mixed reviews from critics. The episode guest stars Sarah Silverman as Nikki and Angela Bassett as Michelle Obama.
Plot
Bart's fourth-grade class is merged with another fourth-grade class when teacher Mrs. Krabappel is absent. In the crowded classroom, Bart is forced to sit by a new student named Nikki. At first, they dislike each other, until Nikki admires Bart's artistic skills. Bart seeks romance advice from Homer, who passes him off to Grandpa Abe. After Grandpa advises Bart to kiss Nikki, however, when Bart does so after the two skateboard together, she recoils in disgust. Nikki's attorney's parents threaten to sue the school unless it is declared an "affection-free environment". Superintendent Chalmers causes a play in which Willie plays Nikki and Skinner plays Bart who was strangled by Homer after calling him a “Fatso”, meaning they are forced to kiss. Bart is confused at the outcome of this seemingly innocent action, and his confusion is later amplified when Nikki hides in his locker and kisses him again.
Meanwhile, Lisa becomes popular when she receives an F on a test, but becomes unpopular again when it is revealed that her test was mistakenly given to Ralph, as both tests were mixed up as the F grade was supposed to be given to Ralph who had written Lisa's name on his test. Angry about being ostracized for being an overachiever once again, Lisa blogs about it, and her post is noted by a mysterious blogger known as Flotus 1 who turns out to be First Lady Michelle Obama. Obama drops by Springfield Elementary to give a speech about the importance of academics and recommends that the students should be nice to Lisa and other overachievers like her friends, Martin Prince and Allison Taylor.
Bart and Nikki have been watching this speech from the roof, and Bart confesses to Nikki he does not understand her ever-changing moods. They argue and Bart stumbles, falling off the roof. Nikki says "I love you," but seeing that Bart is breathing treats him badly again. Bart stops breathing again, but the school's "no-touch" policy prevents anyone from performing CPR. Nikki defies the policy and revives Bart via mouth-to-mouth, thus setting off a montage of kiss scenes from various movies, some of which (such as Alien 3) never even had kiss scenes in them. When Bart awakes, Nikki's mood changes yet again and Bart remains in a state of complete confusion over female behavior. He tells her he does not care what happens between her and him, but then changes his mind and yells out "I love you!" after she kisses him once again.
Throughout the episode, Nelson Muntz has befriended a blind boy and teaches him how to laugh at the misfortunes of others. In the end, the blind boy tricks Nelson into believing that a punch he sustained after insulting Nelson restored his sight. When he reveals to Nelson that this was a prank and laughs at Nelson's signature "haw haw", Nelson is as impressed as he is touched by the achievement.
Production
The episode is written by John Frink and directed by Steven Dean Moore, his second director credit for the season after "O Brother, Where Bart Thou?". The episode features guest star Sarah Silverman as Nikki (Bart's crush) and Angela Bassett as Michelle Obama.
In September 2016, executive producer James L. Brooks told Variety that the crew had been "aggressive" in trying to get Obama to voice herself, and received a rejection note saying "good try".
Cultural references
In the classroom, Nikki shows Bart a book about vampires which looks like the Twilight series book New Moon, which reads Red Moon. In the scene where Nikki performs CPR on Bart, recreations of kissing scenes from a variety of films and television shows are shown. These scenes are (in order); From Here to Eternity (1953), Gone with the Wind (1939), The Quiet Man (1952), Lady and the Tramp (1955), Planet of the Apes (1968), On Golden Pond (1981), Ghost (1990), Spider-Man (2002), Star Trek (2009), Beauty and the Beast (1987–1990), The Public Enemy (1931), WALL-E (2008), Alien 3 (1992), The Godfather: Part II (1974), and an All in the Family (1971–1979) episode in which Sammy Davis Jr. guest starred. The sequence, and the accompanying musical score, are a nod to Cinema Paradiso (1988), directed by Giuseppe Tornatore, with score by Ennio and Andrea Morricone. The Itchy & Scratchy cartoon is a parody of the 1982 film Koyaanisqatsi: Life Out of Balance, here titled Koyaanis-Scratchy: Death Out of Balance.
Reception
In its original American broadcast, "Stealing First Base" was watched by 5.69 million households getting a 2.8/8 in the 18-49 Nielsen Rating. The episode came in second in its time slot and was the second most-watched show on Fox that night, after a new episode of Family Guy.
Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized the episode, giving it a C+, calling the harassment storyline "pointless and stupid" although praised the Nelson subplot.
However, Jason Hughes of HuffPostTV praised the storyline, writing "I applaud the series for facing such an issue with such intensity, and handling it with humor and compassion".
Robert Canning of IGN gave the episode an 8 out of 10, saying that "Nikki turned out to be a fun and memorable character." Overall he stated that "Although ‘Stealing First Base’ fed us some old ideas, it did so with a lot of great bits...and some very strong guest voices."
Soundtrack
The scene where Bart and Nikki were performing a skateboard parkour contains the song "Chase" by Giorgio Moroder on the original FOX broadcast. When the episode is shown in syndication, "Chase" is replaced by a musically similar composition.
The classical music that is heard during the montage of movie kiss scenes is currently believed to be orchestrated specifically for the show, rather than being a score that was written independently and used during the program. Original music is from Cinema Paradiso - "Love Theme", composed by Andrea Morricone.
References
External links
The Simpsons (season 21) episodes
2010 American television episodes |
1814956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dossier%20criminal | Dossier criminal | Dossier Criminal (DC) is a term used extensively in the Indian Police forces for the classification of criminals. A dossier criminal is a person who has committed specific crimes across police circles or sub-divisions. In most cases, a DC would have already been in the Known Depredator (K.D) list maintained at every police station as part of the Station Diary.
References
Law enforcement in India |
56676583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol%20Vere%C8%99 | Carol Vereș | Carol Vereș (12 April 1926 – 20 February 2017) was a Romanian rower. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo with the men's coxless four where they came ninth. He died on 20 February 2017.
References
1926 births
2017 deaths
Romanian male rowers
Olympic rowers of Romania
Rowers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Arad
World Rowing Championships medalists for Romania
European Rowing Championships medalists |
49245969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart%20Deurloo | Bart Deurloo | Bart Deurloo (born February 23, 1991) is a Dutch male artistic gymnast and a member of the national team. He participated in four editions of the World Championships (2009, 2013, 2015), and 2017 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, where he won the bronze on high bar in Montreal. and qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Dutch male artistic gymnasts
Sportspeople from Ridderkerk
Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts of the Netherlands
Gymnasts at the 2020 Summer Olympics |
39519518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas%20Heusler | Andreas Heusler | Andreas Heusler (10 August 1865 – 28 February 1940) was a Swiss philologist who specialized in Germanic studies. He was a Professor of Germanic Philology at the University of Berlin and a renowned authority on early Germanic literature.
Life
Andreas Heusler was born into a prestigious family in Basel, the third in a line of fathers and sons bearing the same name (his father was Andreas Heusler (1834–1921) and his grandfather Andreas Heusler (1802–1868); both worked in law and government). Andreas enjoyed a stellar career as a student in Basel, Freiburg im Breisgau, and Berlin, completing his studies in 1887 in Freiburg with the doctoral thesis "Beitrag zum Consonantismus der Mundart von Baselstadt".
In 1890, when Heusler was 25 years old, he began lecturing in Berlin and was a professor of Nordic textual studies there from 1894 to 1913. He focused on research into Old Norse literature, especially the Poetic Edda and Íslendingasögur, translating many works into German and travelling twice to Iceland. From 1914 to 1919, Heusler was professor of Germanic textual studies at Berlin University. He moved back to Switzerland in 1920 and lived in Arlesheim near Basel, where a place was made for him at Basel University, where he worked until he reached the age limit in 1936.
Besides ancient Germanic and Nordic culture, Heusler was noted for his love of music (he played the violin); around 1889 he switched from a strongly held Christianity to being a confirmed atheist. There is some debate as to where Heusler stood on German nationalism in the 1930s. He seems at first to have been swayed by it, but it is thought that he turned his back on Adolf Hitler around 1938. A good insight into his thoughts is offered by the four hundred letters to Wilhelm Ranisch which he wrote in the period 1890–1940.
In 1893, Heusler married the singer Auguste Hohenschild, who was fourteen years his senior. The marriage was unhappy and they divorced in 1922, having been separated since 1901. Heusler died in Basel in 1940 after a short illness.
Influence
Andreas Heusler was among the most influential figures in early Germanic studies in the first half of the twentieth century, and much of his work still resonates today.
Writings (selection)
Der Ljóþaháttr, eine metrische untersuchung, Berlin: Mayer & Müller 1889.
(Ed.): Zwei Isländer-Geschichten. Die Hønsna-þóres und die Bandamanna saga, Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung 1897, 2nd edn 1913.
(Trans.): Die Geschichte vom Hühnerthorir, eine altisländische Saga, Berlin 1900.
Die Lieder der Lücke im Codex Regius der Edda, Strasbourg 1902, extracted from Germanistische Abhandlungen. Hermann Paul zum 17. März 1902 dargebracht.
(Ed.): Eddica minora. Dichtungen eddischer Art aus den Fornaldarsögur und anderen Prosawerken, Dortmund 1903, with Wilhelm Ranisch.
Lied und Epos in germanischer Sagendichtung. Dortmund: Ruhfus 1905.
Die gelehrte Urgeschichte im altisländischen Schrifttum, Berlin 1908.
Das Strafrecht der Isländersagas, Leipzig 1911.
Altisländisches Elementarbuch. Heidelberg: Winter 1913.
(Trans.): Die Geschichte vom weisen Njal. Jena: Diederichs 1914. (Thule, altnordische Dichtung und Prosa, 4 / ed. Felix Niedner).
Die Anfänge der isländischen Saga, Berlin 1914.
Die altgermanische Dichtung. Berlin: Athenaion 1923.
Deutsche Versgeschichte. Berlin: de Gruyter 1925–1929 (3 vols)
Nibelungensage und Nibelungenlied, die Stoffgeschichte des deutschen Heldenepos, 3. útg., Dortmund 1929.
Germanentum. Vom Lebens- und Formgefühl der alten Germanen, Heidelberg 1934.
Einfälle und Bekenntnisse. Basel 1935.
Codex Regius of the Elder Edda, Copenhagen 1937. — facsimile of the Codex Regius. Corpus Codicum Islandicorum Medii Aevi, 10.
(Trans.): Isländisches Recht. Die Graugans, Weimar 1937.
Kleine Schriften 1–2, Berlin 1943–1969.
Schriften zum Alemannischen. Berlin: de Gruyter 1970.
See also
Hugo Gering
Rudolf Much
References
Sources
Laura Mancinelli: La Nibelungenforschung di Andreas Heusler alla luce della critica più recente, Turin 1965.
Arthúr Björgvin Bollason: Andreas Heusler in Island. Germanentum im Fin de siècle, Basel 2006, 62–85.
Germanentum im Fin de siècle. Wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Studien zum Werk Andreas Heuslers. Basel: Schwabe, 2006.
Swiss medievalists
1865 births
1940 deaths
Germanic studies scholars
Old Norse studies scholars
People from Basel-Stadt
Swiss atheists
Swiss academics
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty |
67385465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317%20New%20Zealand%20Women%27s%20Twenty20%20Competition | 2016–17 New Zealand Women's Twenty20 Competition | The 2016–17 New Zealand Women's Twenty20 Competition was the tenth season of the women's Twenty20 cricket competition played in New Zealand. It ran from November 2016 to February 2017, with 6 provincial teams taking part. Otago Sparks beat Canterbury Magicians in the final to claim their first Twenty20 title.
The tournament ran alongside the 2016–17 New Zealand Women's One-Day Competition.
Competition format
Teams played in a round-robin in a group of six, playing 5 matches overall. Matches were played using a Twenty20 format. The top two in the group advanced to the final.
The group worked on a points system with positions being based on the total points. Points were awarded as follows:
Win: 4 points
Tie: 2 points
Loss: 0 points.
Abandoned/No Result: 2 points.
Points table
Source: ESPN Cricinfo
Advanced to the Final
Final
Statistics
Most runs
Source: ESPN Cricinfo
Most wickets
Source: ESPN Cricinfo
References
External links
Series home at ESPN Cricinfo
Super Smash (cricket)
2016–17 New Zealand cricket season
New Zealand Women's Twenty20 Competition |
5963813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolium%20perenne | Lolium perenne | Lolium perenne, common name perennial ryegrass, English ryegrass, winter ryegrass, or ray grass, is a grass from the family Poaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world.
Description
The plant is a low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, with a bunching (or tillering) growth habit. The leaves are dark green, smooth and glossy on the lower surface, with untoothed parallel sides and prominent parallel veins on the upper surface. The leaves are folded lengthwise in bud (unlike the rolled leaves of Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum) with a strong central keel, giving a flattened appearance. The ligule is very short and truncated and often difficult to see. The small white auricles grip the stem at the base of the leaf blade. Leaf sheaths at the base are usually tinged pink and hairless. Stems grow up to 90 cm.
The inflorescence is unbranched, with spikelets on alternating sides edgeways-on to the stem. Each spikelet has only a single glume, on the side away from the stem, and between four and 14 florets without awns, unlike Italian ryegrass. The anthers are pale yellow, and the plant flowers from May to November. Perennial ryegrass has a fibrous root system, with thick main roots and thinner lateral branches. Roots are usually arbuscular mycorrhizal.
Distribution
Perennial ryegrass is native to southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and eastwards to central Asia. As a useful species of grass for fodder and grazing livestock, it has been taken by farmers settling in new areas including North America, South Africa and Australia. It can be used to prevent erosion and to stabilise soils, as well as creating a hardwearing turf for lawns and golf courses. With its great ability to set seed, its ease of germination and vigour, it has spread from the fields where it has been planted to roadsides, trackways, footpaths, wasteland, river banks and sand dunes. In countries where it has been introduced, it may be regarded as an invasive species that competes with native plants.
Cultivation and uses
Perennial ryegrass is an important pasture and forage plant, and is used in many pasture seed mixes. In fertile soil, it produces a high grass yield, and in Britain and Ireland, it is frequently sown for short-term ley grassland, often with red or white clover (Trifolium).
In Britain, it is also used as an indicator of nonspecies-rich grassland, as it outcompetes the rarer plants and grasses, especially in fertile soils. Agri-environment schemes such as the Countryside Stewardship Scheme, Environmentally Sensitive Areas Scheme, and Environmental Stewardship give funding to species-rich grasslands that do not have an abundance of ryegrass.
Selected seed mixes are used extensively for sports pitches, especially winter sports in temperate climates, because of its wear resistance and ability to regenerate.
It is commonly used in the southwest United States to overseed winter lawns. Bermudagrass is a typical summertime grass in states such as Arizona, since it is able to withstand the high temperatures. However, bermudagrass goes dormant during the cooler winter months. Rather than have brown lawns, many homeowners, public areas, and golf courses overseed these lawns with perennial ryegrass in early to mid-September.
It is also the grass used on the courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon. Since 2001, the courts have been sown with 100% perennial ryegrass to "improve durability and strengthen the sward to withstand better the increasing wear of the modern game".
MLB Playing Surfaces
Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati, OH
Kauffman Stadium in Kansas City, MO (Kentucky Bluegrass/Perennial Ryegrass Blend)
Coors Field in Denver, CO (Kentucky Bluegrass/Perennial Ryegrass Blend)
T-Mobile Park in Seattle, WA (Kentucky Bluegrass/Perennial Ryegrass Blend)
Similar species
Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum, differs in the fact that each scale in the spikelet has a long bristle at the top. Its stem is also round rather than folded.
Couch, Elymus repens, has spikelets set on the broadside of the stem rather than edge on.
Gallery
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment for "festuca perennis" which lists lolium perenne as a synonym
Forest Service Fire Ecology
Photo gallery
Pooideae
Flora of Europe
Flora of Estonia
Flora of the United Kingdom
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
57192161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytta%20morrisoni | Lytta morrisoni | Lytta morrisoni, or Morrison's blister beetle, is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Meloidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1891 |
655458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Space%20Development%20Agency%20of%20Japan | National Space Development Agency of Japan | The , or NASDA, was a Japanese national space agency established on October 1, 1969 under the National Space Development Agency Law only for peaceful purposes. Based on the Space Development Program enacted by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), NASDA was responsible for developing satellites and launch vehicles as well as launching and tracking them.
The first launch vehicles of NASDA (N-I, N-II, and H-I) were partially based on licensed technology from the United States, particularly the Delta rocket family. The H-II was the first liquid fuel rocket to be fully developed in Japan.
Hideo Shima, chief engineer of the original Shinkansen "bullet train" project, served as Chief of NASDA from 1969 to 1977.
On October 1, 2003, NASDA merged with the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) and the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL) into one Independent Administrative Institution: the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
SL-J was partially funded by Japan through NASDA; this cooperative Japanese-American mission launched a NASDA astronaut into Earth orbit using the Space Shuttle in 1992.
Work on the Japanese Experiment Module at ISS, and also HOPE-X, was started under NASDA and inherited by JAXA.
See also
CS-4
References
External links
NASDA history before merger into JAXA
The National Space Development Agency Law (Abolished)
NASDA History
NASDA Press Release Archives (2000-2003)
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Aerospace Industry of Japan. The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies
1969 establishments in Japan
JAXA
2003 disestablishments in Japan |
42588710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth%20Moore%20%28theologian%29 | Gareth Moore (theologian) | Gareth Edward Moore OP (6 July 1948 – 6 December 2002) was an English theologian, author and Dominican friar.
Early life and education
Moore was the son of George Edward Moore, a stevedore, and his second wife Alice (nee Langley). He was born in Bermondsey and lived with his parents and his older half-brother, son of Alice in a previous marriage, in Rotherhithe. He attended Raine's Foundation Grammar School. Gareth was a successful student and taught himself Russian through independent study. He was the first pupil from the school to get a scholarship to Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he graduated with a B.Litt degree, with his dissertation on the later writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Career
He briefly joined the monastery at Quarr Abbey on the Isle of Wight but left to visit Zambia and teach mathematics. In 1977, Moore joined the Dominicans as a novice.
In 1995, Moore was elected prior of the Couvent de l’Epiphanie in Rixensart, Belgium. In 2001, he returned to England and to Blackfriars, Oxford. He was soon diagnosed with kidney cancer and died in 2002.
Moore wrote a number of books an articles on religion including Believing in God (1988) and a number of works on human sexuality including The Body in Context: Sex and Catholicism (1992). In The Body in Context, Moore challenges theological arguments presented on a number of topics in sexual ethics including those forbidding the use of contraception and condemning homosexuality. The latter topic was expanded in Moore's book A Question of Truth: Christianity and Homosexuality.
Moore returned to University of Oxford as a scholar in 2001, but was soon diagnosed with kidney cancer. He died on 6 December 2002, at the age of 54.
See also
References
1948 births
2002 deaths
English Dominicans |
50447852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperview%20%28computing%29 | Hyperview (computing) | A hyperview in computing is a hypertextual view of the content of a database or set of data on a group of activities. As with a hyperdiagram multiple views are linked to form a hyperview.
References
Database theory |
52801517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packardia | Packardia | Packardia is a genus of moths in the family Limacodidae.
Species
Packardia albipunctata (Packard, 1864)
Packardia ceanothi Dyar, 1908
Packardia elegans (Packard, 1864)
Packardia geminata (Packard, 1864)
See also
List of Limacodidae genera
References
Synopsis of the Bombycidae of the United States. AS Packard, 1864
Lepidopterological Notes and Descriptions: No. 2, Read October 9, 1865. AR Grote and CT Robinson, 1866
Lepidopterological contributions. AR Grote and CT Robinson, 1866
A Revision of the Species of Euclea, Parasa and Packardia, with Notes on Adoneta, Monoleuca and Varina ornata Neum. Harrison G. Dyar, Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Vol. 18, No. 2/3 (1891), page 156 (JStor Stable URL)
External links
Packardia at insectoid.info
Limacodidae
Limacodidae genera |
66671683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Painter%27s%20Idyl | A Painter's Idyl | A Painter's Idyl is a short silent film from 1911, directed and interpreted by Hobart Bosworth.
Production
The film was produced by William Nicholas Selig for his company, Selig Polyscope Company.
Distribution
Distributed by the General Film Company, the film—a short reel—was released in US cinemas October 27, 1911.
References
External links
A Painter's Idyll at IMDb
1911 short films
Silent film |
22358246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conodicoelites | Conodicoelites | Conodicoelites is a genus of belemnite, an extinct group of cephalopods.
See also
Belemnite
List of belemnites
References
Belemnites |
3032331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/531%20Zerlina | 531 Zerlina | Zerlina (minor planet designation: 531 Zerlina), provisional designation 1904 NW, carbonaceous Palladian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 12 April 1904.
Orbit and characteristics
Observations using the IRAS satellite have shown it to have an absolute magnitude of 11.8, a diameter of 15.19 kilometers, a rotational period of 16.706 hours, and an albedo of 0.1460.
Naming
It is named for a character in Mozart's opera, Don Giovanni ).
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
000531
Discoveries by Max Wolf
Minor planets named from literature
Minor planets named for opera characters
Named minor planets
531 Zerlina
000531
19040412 |
37816405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacheco%20Creek%20%28San%20Benito%20County%29 | Pacheco Creek (San Benito County) | Pacheco Creek is a west by southwest flowing stream which heads in the Diablo Range in southeastern Santa Clara County and flows to San Felipe Lake, the beginning of the Pajaro River mainstem, in San Benito County, California.
History
The creek is named for Francisco Pacheco and Juan P. Pacheco who were granted the Rancho Ausaymas y San Felipe land grants in 1833 and 1836, and 1843 respectively. An early name for the creek was Arroyo de San Felipe. Francisco Pacheco came to California in 1819.
Just north of the earthen dam on North Fork Pacheco Creek was one of the last refuges of the Amah-Mutsun band of the Ohlone people, and is rich archeologically with multiple burial sites and artifacts, including projective points so large that they would have been used for bear or elk. In 1993, Mark Hylkema documented eight different Native American sites in this area, dating from 1000 B.C. to 500 A.D.
Flooding
On 11 January 2017, a levee break at Pacheco Creek affected fifty local homes; some homes had mudlines about five feet high. On 12 January, health officials advised some local residents not to drink local tapwater pending contamination testing.
Watershed
The mainstem Pacheco Creek is formed by the confluence of the North Fork Pacheco Creek and South Fork Pacheco Creek about west of Pacheco Pass. Significant flows are contributed to the Pacheco Creek mainstem by the North and South Forks of Pacheco Creek, and Cedar Creek.
The North Fork Pacheco Creek tributary is a stream beginning in Henry W. Coe State Park at and receives the East Fork Pacheco Creek, at Chimney Rock before reaching Pacheco Reservoir, the latter just north of Highway 152 and above the confluence of North and South Forks Pacheco Creek. The Mississippi Creek tributary of North Fork Pacheco Creek is has an impoundment (Mississippi Lake) above elevation, and sources on Bear Mountain on the northern side of Henry W. Coe State Park.
The South Fork Pacheco Creek tributary receives flows from the shorter Middle Fork Pacheco Creek just below Highway 152. From here the South Fork Pacheco Creek flows to it confluence with North Fork Pacheco Creek, forming the source of the Pacheco Creek mainstem. From here Pacheco Creek generally follows Highway 152, passing from Santa Clara County to San Benito County, and continuing until it empties into San Felipe (Soap) Lake, the source of the Pajaro River.
Tequisquita Slough joins Pacheco Creek just above San Felipe Lake. The latter has 3 main tributaries, Santa Ana Creek, Arroyo de Los Viboras, and Arroyo Dos Pichachos. Santa Ana Creek is apparently named for the Rancho Santa Ana y Quien Sabe land grant.
Stream flow in Pacheco Creek is influenced by releases from the North Fork Pacheco Reservoir, which is operated by the Pacheco Pass Water District.
Ecology
Significant remnants of the historic riparian California sycamore (Platanus racemosa) habitat still exists on Pacheco Creek and are a good example of the Central Coast Sycamore Alluvial Woodland habitat type.
Pacheco Creek historically hosted steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as evidenced by a physical specimen collected in 1945 by D.H. Simpson in the California Academy of Sciences, "19.5 miles east of Gilroy on Hwy. 152". Cedar Creek and South Fork Pacheco Creek hosted steelhead trout runs in wet years and juveniles found on stream sampling indicated the presence of perennial pools suitable for oversummering in headwater reaches. Pacheco Reservoir (North Fork Dam) is an impassable barrier to in-migrating steelhead trout, preventing access to the nearly of stream consisting of North Fork Pacheco Creek, Mississippi Creek and East Fork Pacheco Creek. In 1973 Fish and Game Warden W. I. Donahue reported that "high quality spawning and rearing habitat with perennial flow occurred upstream from Pacheco Dam on the North Fork, but was unavailable to steelhead because of the dam." In addition, resident rainbow (the landlocked form of steelhead trout) successfully rear in fast-water habitats grow rapidly and reach smolt size by the end of their first summer. In many years in late spring, prior to reservoir releases for agriculture, low stream flows and high water temperatures severely impact steelhead fry and small juveniles.
Other native fish in Pacheco Creek include Monterey sucker (Catostomus occidentalis mniotiltus) and Sacramento pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus grandis).
See also
Rivers of California
Pacheco Creek (San Benito County), a tributary of the Pajaro River, in San Benito County, California.
South Fork Pacheco Creek, a tributary stream of Pacheco Creek (San Benito County)
East Fork Pacheco Creek, a tributary stream of Pacheco Creek (San Benito County)
North Fork Pacheco Creek, a tributary stream of Pacheco Creek (San Benito County)
Pacheco Reservoir, California, a reservoir formed by a dam on the north fork of Pacheco Creek (San Benito County) a.k.a. "North Fork Dam"
References
External links
Pajaro River Watershed Council
Tributaries of the Pajaro River
Rivers of Santa Clara County, California
Rivers of Santa Cruz County, California
Rivers of Monterey County, California
Rivers of San Benito County, California
Rivers of Northern California |
20583017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20Horse%20Creek%20%28Colorado%29 | Wild Horse Creek (Colorado) | Wild Horse Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Colorado.
Wild Horse Creek was named for the wild horses which roamed along its course.
References
Rivers of Cheyenne County, Colorado
Rivers of Kit Carson County, Colorado
Rivers of Colorado |
18770207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandougou | Dandougou | Dandougou may refer to:
Burkina Faso
Dandougou, Mangodara
Dandougou, Sidéradougou
Ivory Coast
Dandougou, Ivory Coast
Mali
Dandougou, Mali |
39952528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glumche%20Island | Glumche Island | Glumche Island (, ) is the rocky island off the northwest coast of Low Island in the South Shetland Islands extending 470 m in east-west direction and 290 m wide.
The feature is named after the settlement of Glumche in Southeastern Bulgaria.
Location
Glumche Island is located 830 m west-southwest of Cape Wallace and 1.08 km north of Fernandez Point. British mapping in 2009.
Maps
South Shetland Islands: Smith and Low Islands. Scale 1:150000 topographic map No. 13677. British Antarctic Survey, 2009
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
References
Glumche Island. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Glumche Island. Copernix satellite image
Islands of the South Shetland Islands
Bulgaria and the Antarctic |
9083731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Morris%20Township%2C%20Ogle%20County%2C%20Illinois | Mount Morris Township, Ogle County, Illinois | Mount Morris Township is located in Ogle County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,968 and it contained 1,858 housing units.
Geography
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
References
External links
US Census
City-data.com
Ogle County Official Site
Townships in Ogle County, Illinois
Townships in Illinois |
41012387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Stephen%27s%20Church%2C%20Strasbourg | Saint Stephen's Church, Strasbourg | Saint Stephen’s Church () in Strasbourg is located inside the catholic ‘Saint-Étienne’ college in Strasbourg, for which it serves as a chapel.
Saint Stephen's is one of the oldest churches in Strasbourg. The crypt contains the remains of a fifth-century Roman basilica. The site was originally occupied by a Roman fort.
A new church was built on the site in early in 717 by Duke Adalbert of Alsace, brother of Saint Odile, as part of a new convent, in which he installed his daughter Attala as the first abbess.
The Church also served for many years as the episcopal seat for the north of Alsace.
The church was rebuilt in 1220 in Romanesque-Gothic style.
At the beginning of the 16th century, St Stephen's was a parish church, the parish of Stephen's being one of the nine parishes of Strasbourg. In 1534, as the reform was being introduced in Strasbourg, the parish of St Stephen's was transferred to St William's, on account of the opposition of the cannonesses of St Stephen's to the new teaching.
In the seventeenth century Louis XIV closed the abbey and transferred it to the Visitandines to serve as a boarding school for young women, a function which continued up until the French Revolution. In 1714 the church was equipped with an organ by Andreas Silbermann, which is now in Bischheim. After the French Revolution, the building was used as a warehouse, then as a theatre. In 1802, the church was deprived of its tower and in 1805 this was transformed into a theatre.
The college, of which the church now forms part, began life in 1861 as a 'Petit seminaire' (literally 'little seminary'), educating future priests as well as lay students.
Allied bombing destroyed much of the building in 1944. Only the wide transept with its triple apse survived. In 1956, the ancient site was excavated and a Merovingian apse was discovered beneath the foundations of the old tower. In 1961, the nave was renovated, exposing the timber structures. The church was classified as a historical monument in 1962.
In 2016, the monumental concert organ from the former conservatory located in the National Theatre of Strasbourg was moved into the nave in order to be used as a church organ. The instrument, a 1963 work by organ builder Curt Schwenkedel, had been out of use since 1995. It was entirely restored by Quentin Blumenroeder from Haguenau.
As the Church is now part of a school, public access is only possible on special occasions, such as European Heritage Days. The school owns some valuable historical tapestries from the abbey church, some of which can be seen in the nearby Notre Dame museum.
External links
Eglise Saint Etienne - 2 rue de la Pierre Large on archi-wiki.org
website of the Saint-Etienne college
Aerial photo on French historical monuments website
References
Roman Catholic churches in Strasbourg
Roman Catholic chapels in France
Roman sites in France
Romanesque architecture in France
Monuments historiques of Bas-Rhin |
58835816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayang%20Kilusan%20ng%20Mamamayang%20Zambale%C3%B1o | Malayang Kilusan ng Mamamayang Zambaleño | Malayang Kilusan ng Mamamayang Zambaleño (MAKIMAZA) is a local political party from the province of Zambales. The Party was founded in 2018 by incumbent Zambales Governor Amor Deloso.
References
Politics of Zambales
Local political parties in the Philippines
Liberal parties in the Philippines
Political parties established in 2018
2018 establishments in the Philippines |
22740713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggs%20Green | Peggs Green | Peggs Green is a hamlet within the parish of Coleorton, Leicestershire. For many years it had formed part of the civil parish of Thringstone, until this was dissolved in 1936.
It is probable that the hamlet derives its name from that of a former landowner, as nineteenth century references to it usually carry an apostrophe: "Pegg's Green"
A colliery was opened here in 1830, but had closed during the later part of the nineteenth century, presumably due to the coal here having been worked out or deemed too costly to mine at a profit.
Joe Bradford, the former England and Birmingham footballer was born here in 1901. In 1920, Bradford scored fourteen goals in a match for Peggs Green Victoria against Birstall Rovers! Both Aston Villa and Derby County gave him trials, but it was the 'Blues' who signed him
on 11 February 1920, Peggs Green receiving £100 and a further £25
when he made his debut.
Bradford was to remain at Birmingham for fifteen years, where he made 445 appearances and scored 267 goals. This remains a club record. He was capped twelve times and scored seven goals for England, and following his Birmingham career played a final season for Bristol City.
For many years, Joe's brother was landlord of the New Inn at Peggs Green.
References
Hamlets in Leicestershire
North West Leicestershire District
Coleorton Parish website www.coleorton.org.uk |
1286342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20and%20Joseph%20Cousins | Christian and Joseph Cousins | Christian and Joseph Cousins (born March 17, 1983) are American actors who are identical twins. As with many cases of child actors who are twins, the roles they played were usually shared between the two. Their most famous role was as Dominic in the 1990 film Kindergarten Cop alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Christian and Joseph's first role was playing Val and Gary Ewing's son Bobby Ewing on the soap opera Knots Landing, beginning in 1987. The character was named after Bobby Ewing who died during the dream season on Dallas. Afterwards, they frequently appeared in various television series and films, including Twin Sitters and Critters 3, as well as episodes of Father Dowling Mysteries, Eerie, Indiana, and Wings.
References
External links
1983 births
American male film actors
Living people
American male identical twin child actors |
51566160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillia%20pselia | Drillia pselia | Drillia pselia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 15 mm, its diameter 4.5 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the demersal zone off the Cape Province, South Africa.
References
Barnard K.H. (1958), Contribution to the knowledge of South African marine Mollusca. Part 1. Gastropoda; Prosobranchiata: Toxoglossa; Annals of The South African Museum v. 44 pp. 73–163
Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1–1295
External links
Endemic fauna of South Africa
pselia
Gastropods described in 1958 |
2755465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelric%20of%20Hwicce | Æthelric of Hwicce | Æthelric was a king of the Hwicce and son of Oshere; it is possible that he reigned jointly with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht.
He is known from charters.
In 692 he witnessed a charter of Æthelred, King of Mercia S 75, together with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht, and in 693 the four brothers witnessed a charter issued by their father Oshere S 53
In 706 (S 1174), he granted land with consent of Cenred, King of Mercia; then in 736 (S 89), as Æthilric subregulus, he witnessed a charter of Æthelbald, King of Mercia; and in an undated charter (S 94), he received a grant himself from the same king.
His kinsman thegn Osred received a grant in 743 from king Æthelbald in charter S 99.
Notes
External links
Hwiccan monarchs
8th-century English monarchs
7th-century English people |
27582488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivo%20Zbo%C5%BE%C3%ADnek | Ivo Zbožínek | Ivo Zbožínek (born 24 May 1977) is a retired Czech football player.
Zbožínek started his football career in Prostějov. He first played in the Gambrinus liga at Chmel Blšany. He eventually appeared in several other clubs from South Moravia. In 2006, he was transferred to Tescoma Zlín, where he played until 2011.
References
Czech footballers
1977 births
Living people
Czech First League players
FK Chmel Blšany players
1. FC Slovácko players
FC Fastav Zlín players
FK Drnovice players
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
Association football defenders |
28132099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Post%20Office%20and%20Courthouse%20%28Tulsa%2C%20Oklahoma%29 | United States Post Office and Courthouse (Tulsa, Oklahoma) | The United States Post Office and Court House in Tulsa, Oklahoma, also known as Federal Building, is a federal building of the United States government completed in 1917 and located at 224 South Boulder Avenue. The supervising architect for both the original construction and a substantial extension completed in 1933 was James A. Wetmore. The building houses a post office and housed the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma from 1917 to 1925, when the districts were reconfigured and it became a courthouse of the Northern District of Oklahoma.
Built in the Classical Revival style, the building has been described as "the postal beauty of the southwest… a marble, bronze and granite memorial to its builders".
It served historically as a post office, as a courthouse, and as a government office building.
History
The post office and courts relocated to the Page Belcher Federal Building, after it was completed. The former post office building was remodeled, then occupied by the Army Corps of Engineers in the mid 1960s. The building was remodeled again in 1996, after the Corps of Engineers moved to another location. It is now occupied by the U. S. Bankruptcy Court, the National Labor Relations Board and some district court judicial offices.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 2000, as United States Post Office and Courthouse. The building was also identified as a contributing structure for the Oil Capital Historic District.
References
External links
Historic Federal Courthouses page from the Federal Judicial Center
Tulsa Federal Building from the General Services Administration
Neoclassical architecture in Oklahoma
Courthouses in Oklahoma
Federal courthouses in the United States
Government buildings completed in 1917
Post office buildings in Oklahoma
Buildings and structures in Tulsa, Oklahoma
Post office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Historic district contributing properties in Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places in Tulsa, Oklahoma |
64375016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Town%2C%20Al-%27Ula | Old Town, Al-'Ula | The Old Town is an archaeological site near Al-'Ula, Medina Province, Saudi Arabia. It is known as the deira (the town). Inside the town, there are ancient heritage buildings, mosques and markets, dating back to about seven centuries. This town is 22 km away from Mada'in Saleh. The heritage town looks like a single building due to the crowding of its 870 residential units. These units are separated by narrow and winding alleys. The town is divided into two districts: Al-Shugaig in the north and Al-Haf in the south.
Remaining monuments (archeological sites)
Mousa Bin Nusayr castle.
Tantora which was a guide for farmers to know the growing seasons and the timing of water distribution.
The sundial clock in the south of the town.
See also
Sarat Mountains
Winter at Tantora Festival
References
Archaeological sites in Saudi Arabia
History of the Arabian Peninsula
Medina Province (Saudi Arabia)
Oases of Saudi Arabia |
56476859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%20World%20Table%20Tennis%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1956 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's singles | The 1956 World Table Tennis Championships men's singles was the 23rd edition of the men's singles championship.
Ichiro Ogimura defeated Toshiaki Tanaka in the final, winning three sets to two to secure the title.
Results
See also
List of World Table Tennis Championships medalists
References
- |
18770728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalesie%2C%20Kutno%20County | Zalesie, Kutno County | Zalesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krośniewice, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately south of Krośniewice, west of Kutno, and north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
See also
There are a number of villages by the same name in the Łódź Voivodeship area. For their locations see the gminas of Drużbice, Kodrąb, Wartkowice, Wielgomłyny, Zadzim, Zelów, as well as the powiats of Brzeziny, Łask, Łowicz, Skierniewice, and Tomaszów.
References
Zalesie |
30990580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Bradford | Larry Bradford | Larry Bradford (December 21, 1949 – September 11, 1998) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Atlanta Braves. He died of a heart attack while visiting Turner Field at age 48 in 1998.
References
External links
1949 births
1998 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Atlanta Braves players
African-American baseball players
Baseball players from Chicago
20th-century African-American sportspeople |
15774143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leif%20Lund | Leif Lund | Leif Lund (24 September 1942 – 30 May 2004) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland in 1997, and was re-elected on one occasions. However, during his second term he died and was replaced by Rita Tveiten. He had served as a deputy representative during the term 1993–1997, but actually met on a regular basis meanwhile Grete Knudsen was appointed to the consecutive cabinets Brundtland 3 and Jagland.
Lund was born in Bergen and a member of Bergen city council from 1991 to 1995.
References
1942 births
2004 deaths
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Politicians from Bergen
21st-century Norwegian politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians |
57218387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eringanerin%2C%20New%20South%20Wales | Eringanerin, New South Wales | Eringanerin Parish, New South Wales is a bounded rural locality of Gilgandra Shire and a civil parish of Gowen County, New South Wales.
Geography
The only town of the county is Gilgandra, seat of the shire.
The parish is on the Castlereagh River and Great Australian Basin and, specifically, over the Surat Sub-basin of the GAB.
History
In 1888 Gilgandra township was proclaimed, and the first town blocks were sold in 1889 though as postal service (1867), school (1881) and court house (1884) were already established. The Council was constituted in 1906.
During World War I, the so-called Coo-ee recruitment march to Sydney began here.
References
Localities in New South Wales
Geography of New South Wales
Central West (New South Wales) |
63594410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Tel | Jonathan Tel | Jonathan Tel is a British fiction writer, poet, and critic, best known for his fiction and winner of the V.S. Pritchett prize from the Royal Society of Literature.
Tel has lived in the United States and United Kingdom, and traveled widely in Asia and the Middle East. He studied at Stanford University, earning an M.S. in Theoretical Physics and a Ph.D in Philosophy and History of Science. He also did graduate studies in quantum physics and general relativity at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge.
Tel's published works include two books set in China: the novel-in-stories, Scratching the Head of Chairman Mao, and the story collection, The Beijing of Possibilities; also Freud's Alphabet, a novel set in Vienna and London, and Arafat's Elephant, a story collection that takes place in Jerusalem. His short stories have appeared in publications such as Granta, The Guardian, The Sunday Times (UK), and Prospect. His work has been published in translation in eight languages.
His writing has won several prizes, including the Sunday Times EFG Fiction Award, the Commonwealth Short Story Prize, and the V.S. Pritchett Prize from the Royal Society of Literature. He was awarded a Fellowship in Fiction from the National Endowment for the Arts, and was a finalist for the PEN/Hemingway Award. Tel has also received residencies at MacDowell, Yaddo, Ucross, and the Rockefeller Center at Bellagio.
Works
Books
Scratching the Head of Chairman Mao, Turtle Point Press (2020)
The Beijing of Possibilities, Other Press (2009)
Arafat's Elephant, Counterpoint (2008)
Freud's Alphabet, Scribner (2003)
References
21st-century British non-fiction writers
Stanford University alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
21st-century British poets
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
48061589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20Rock | Douglas Rock | Douglas Rock () is a rock located between Lantau Island and Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Administratively it belongs to the Islands District. There are currently no residents on the island.
References
Islands District
Uninhabited islands of Hong Kong |
30014521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkilongo | Nkilongo | Nkilongo is an inkhundla of Eswatini, located in the Lubombo District. Its population as of the 2007 census was 15,907.
References
Statoids.com, retrieved December 11, 2010
Populated places in Lubombo Region |
5099650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong%20%26%20Getty | Armstrong & Getty | Armstrong & Getty are the hosts of The Armstrong & Getty Show, a morning drive radio show airing in California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Florida, Alaska, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Ohio, Montana, South Carolina, South Dakota, Washington state, and Washington, D.C. on several radio stations owned by iHeartMedia and other broadcasting companies. The show is hosted by Jack Armstrong and Joe Getty. The talk show format is a mixture of libertarian political commentary, observations on local, national, and international news as well as reflections on social issues presented with humor.
The show
The Armstrong & Getty Show airs live from the studios of 650 KSTE in Sacramento, weekdays 6 to 10 a.m. Pacific Time. It is also heard in Los Angeles; Las Vegas; San Francisco; San Diego; Portland, Oregon; Reno; Seattle; Tacoma; Palm Springs; Monterey; Salinas; Santa Cruz; Eugene; Salt Lake City; Ventura; Fresno; Fairbanks; Redding; Santa Maria, California; Aspen; Washington, DC; Daytona Beach; Tallahassee; Chicago; Ramsey, Illinois; Ames, Iowa; Cleveland; Great Falls, Montana; Missoula, Montana; Kansas City, Kansas; Greenwood, South Carolina; Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; Florence, South Carolina; Houston; and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The show won the Best of Sacramento award numerous years in a row.
Doug Stephan incident
On July 28, 2010, Armstrong and Getty were tipped off by a listener that a fellow radio talk show host, Doug Stephan, had been stealing audio material from the Armstrong and Getty show, editing the audio, and using it in his show in an attempt to portray it as if he were speaking to their caller.
During that same broadcast, the hosts were able to speak to Douglas Stephan, himself, regarding the alleged plagiarism that appeared evident upon comparison of the duo's show content and Douglas Stephan's "callers" some days later. Stephen never admitted to the allegations, but apologized, saying that the calls were misplaced and accidentally played on his Good Day show.
References
External links
American talk radio programs |
45373456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phostria%20phaennisalis | Phostria phaennisalis | Phostria phaennisalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found on Borneo.
References
Phostria
Moths described in 1859
Moths of Borneo |
52443100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naba%20Kishore%20Ray | Naba Kishore Ray | Naba Kishore Ray (1940- 2013) was an Indian theoretical and computational chemist, known for his studies on structure of molecules. Born on 5 December 1940 in the Indian state of Odisha, he studied molecules using molecular orbital and floating spherical gaussian orbital methods and his work on the nature of electron density and momentum distribution in atoms and molecules as well as molecular reactivitity on surfaces are reported to have widened the understanding of the subjects. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1983, for his contributions to chemical sciences.
See also
Theoretical chemistry
Computational chemistry
References
External links
Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Chemical Science
1940 births
Indian scientific authors
Scientists from Odisha
Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences
20th-century Indian chemists
Indian Institute of Science faculty
Indian theoretical chemists
Indian computational chemists
2013 deaths |
6811795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence%20of%20measures | Convergence of measures | In mathematics, more specifically measure theory, there are various notions of the convergence of measures. For an intuitive general sense of what is meant by convergence in measure, consider a sequence of measures μn on a space, sharing a common collection of measurable sets. Such a sequence might represent an attempt to construct 'better and better' approximations to a desired measure μ that is difficult to obtain directly. The meaning of 'better and better' is subject to all the usual caveats for taking limits; for any error tolerance ε > 0 we require there be N sufficiently large for n ≥ N to ensure the 'difference' between μn and μ is smaller than ε. Various notions of convergence specify precisely what the word 'difference' should mean in that description; these notions are not equivalent to one another, and vary in strength.
Three of the most common notions of convergence are described below.
Informal descriptions
This section attempts to provide a rough intuitive description of three notions of convergence, using terminology developed in calculus courses; this section is necessarily imprecise as well as inexact, and the reader should refer to the formal clarifications in subsequent sections. In particular, the descriptions here do not address the possibility that the measure of some sets could be infinite, or that the underlying space could exhibit pathological behavior, and additional technical assumptions are needed for some of the statements. The statements in this section are however all correct if is a sequence of probability measures on a Polish space.
The various notions of convergence formalize the assertion that the 'average value' of each 'sufficiently nice' function should converge:
To formalize this requires a careful specification of the set of functions under consideration and how uniform the convergence should be.
The notion of weak convergence requires this convergence to take place for every continuous bounded function .
This notion treats convergence for different functions f independently of one another, i.e., different functions f may require different values of N ≤ n to be approximated equally well (thus, convergence is non-uniform in ).
The notion of setwise convergence formalizes the assertion that the measure of each measurable set should converge:
Again, no uniformity over the set is required.
Intuitively, considering integrals of 'nice' functions, this notion provides more uniformity than weak convergence. As a matter of fact, when considering sequences of measures with uniformly bounded
variation on a Polish space, setwise convergence implies the convergence for any bounded measurable function .
As before, this convergence is non-uniform in
The notion of total variation convergence formalizes the assertion that the measure of all measurable sets should converge uniformly, i.e. for every there exists N such that for every n > N and for every measurable set . As before, this implies convergence of integrals against bounded measurable functions, but this time convergence is uniform over all functions bounded by any fixed constant.
Total variation convergence of measures
This is the strongest notion of convergence shown on this page and is defined as follows. Let be a measurable space. The total variation distance between two (positive) measures μ and ν is then given by
Here the supremum is taken over f ranging over the set of all measurable functions from X to [−1, 1]. This is in contrast, for example, to the Wasserstein metric, where the definition is of the same form, but the supremum is taken over f ranging over the set of measurable functions from X to [−1, 1] which have Lipschitz constant at most 1; and also in contrast to the Radon metric, where the supremum is taken over f ranging over the set of continuous functions from X to [−1, 1]. In the case where X is a Polish space, the total variation metric coincides with the Radon metric.
If μ and ν are both probability measures, then the total variation distance is also given by
The equivalence between these two definitions can be seen as a particular case of the Monge-Kantorovich duality. From the two definitions above, it is clear that the total variation distance between probability measures is always between 0 and 2.
To illustrate the meaning of the total variation distance, consider the following thought experiment. Assume that we are given two probability measures μ and ν, as well as a random variable X. We know that X has law either μ or ν but we do not know which one of the two. Assume that these two measures have prior probabilities 0.5 each of being the true law of X. Assume now that we are given one single sample distributed according to the law of X and that we are then asked to guess which one of the two distributions describes that law. The quantity
then provides a sharp upper bound on the prior probability that our guess will be correct.
Given the above definition of total variation distance, a sequence μn of measures defined on the same measure space is said to converge to a measure μ in total variation distance if for every ε > 0, there exists an N such that for all n > N, one has that
Setwise convergence of measures
For a measurable space, a sequence μn is said to converge setwise to a limit μ if
for every set .
For example, as a consequence of the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma, the sequence μn of measures on the interval [−1, 1] given by μn(dx) = (1+ sin(nx))dx converges setwise to Lebesgue measure, but it does not converge in total variation.
Weak convergence of measures
In mathematics and statistics, weak convergence is one of many types of convergence relating to the convergence of measures. It depends on a topology on the underlying space and thus is not a purely measure theoretic notion.
There are several equivalent definitions of weak convergence of a sequence of measures, some of which are (apparently) more general than others. The equivalence of these conditions is sometimes known as the Portmanteau theorem.
Definition. Let be a metric space with its Borel -algebra . A bounded sequence of positive probability measures on is said to converge weakly to the finite positive measure (denoted ) if any of the following equivalent conditions is true (here denotes expectation or the norm with respect to , while denotes expectation or the norm with respect to ):
for all bounded, continuous functions ;
for all bounded and Lipschitz functions ;
for every upper semi-continuous function bounded from above;
for every lower semi-continuous function bounded from below;
for all closed sets of space ;
for all open sets of space ;
for all continuity sets of measure .
In the case with its usual topology, if and denote the cumulative distribution functions of the measures and , respectively, then converges weakly to if and only if for all points at which is continuous.
For example, the sequence where is the Dirac measure located at converges weakly to the Dirac measure located at 0 (if we view these as measures on with the usual topology), but it does not converge setwise. This is intuitively clear: we only know that is "close" to because of the topology of .
This definition of weak convergence can be extended for any metrizable topological space. It also defines a weak topology on , the set of all probability measures defined on . The weak topology is generated by the following basis of open sets:
where
If is also separable, then is metrizable and separable, for example by the Lévy–Prokhorov metric. If is also compact or Polish, so is .
If is separable, it naturally embeds into as the (closed) set of Dirac measures, and its convex hull is dense.
There are many "arrow notations" for this kind of convergence: the most frequently used are , and .
Weak convergence of random variables
Let be a probability space and X be a metric space. If is a sequence of random variables then Xn is said to converge weakly (or in distribution or in law) to X as if the sequence of pushforward measures (Xn)∗(P) converges weakly to X∗(P) in the sense of weak convergence of measures on X, as defined above.
See also
Convergence of random variables
Prokhorov's theorem
Lévy–Prokhorov metric
Tightness of measures
References
Measure theory
Measure, Convergence of |
53318208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Other%20Woman%20%28Ryan%20novel%29 | The Other Woman (Ryan novel) | The Other Woman () is a book written by Hank Phillippi Ryan and was originally published by Forge Books (later acquired by Tor Books and currently owned by Macmillan Publishers) on 4 September 2012 which then went on to win the Mary Higgins Clark Award in 2013.
In 2012, the book was also nominated to receive the Agatha Award, subsequently the Anthony Award in 2013.
References
2012 American novels
Anthony Award-winning works
American crime novels |
15063532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRB4 | PRB4 | Basic salivary proline-rich protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRB4 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a proline-rich salivary protein. This gene and five other genes that also encode salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs), as well as a gene encoding a lacrimal gland PRP, form a PRP gene cluster in the chromosomal 12p13 region.
PRB4 is post-translationally cleaved into three different mature peptides:
Protein N1
Glycosylated protein A
Peptide P-D (also known as proline-rich peptide IB-5)
References
Further reading
Precursor proteins
Salivary proline-rich proteins |
41073989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20Party%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29 | House Party (Australian TV series) | House Party was an Australian television series which aired on Melbourne station HSV-7. The series debuted 22 October 1959 and ended circa 4 August 1960. It was a daytime variety series. The weekly series aired live.
Regulars varied during the run of the series, but included host Ted Zeigler (an American), June Finlayson, Jocelyn Terry, Brenda Marshall, Jean Battersby, John d'Arcy, Beryl Wright, Judd Laine, Elinor Gordon, and Graeme Bent.
Segments in one episode included Shopping Sleuth (with Mitta Hamilton), Dressmaking (with Dorothy Bradfield), Entertainment Review (with Jean Battersby), Cookery (with Elinor Gordon), Let's Figure it Out (with Beryl Wright and Mel Cowdrey), Disc Dizzy (with John d'Arcy), "Sundowner" Story (with Roy Lyons) and Murder Tale (with Raymond Singer).
References
Episodes
Seven Network original programming
1959 Australian television series debuts
1960 Australian television series endings
Black-and-white Australian television shows
English-language television shows |
38998368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Coca-Cola%20Triangular%20Series | 1998 Coca-Cola Triangular Series | The Coca-Cola Triangular Series was the name of the One Day International cricket tournament in India held in 1998. It was a tri-nation series between Kenya, India and Bangladesh.
India and Kenya reached the finals through a round robin league format. India beat Kenya in the Finals to clinch the trophy.
Squads
Group stage points table
India and Kenya advanced to the Finals on the basis of points.
Match results
1st match
2nd match
3rd match
4th match
5th match
6th match
Final
References
External links
1998 in cricket
Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000
1998 in Indian cricket
One Day International cricket competitions |
391428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupine | Lupine | Lupine may be one of several things:
Something that is like, or relating to, a wolf (Canis lupus).
Lupinus, a genus of flowering plants
Lu Pine Records, a record label in Detroit.
See also
Lupin (disambiguation) |
67474203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis%20Peterson | Alexis Peterson | Alexis Ganay Peterson (born June 20, 1995) is an American basketball combo guard who currently plays for Maccabi Bnot Ashdod of the Israeli Female Basketball Premier League (Ligat ha'Al). A former ACC Player of the Year at Syracuse, she was drafted by the Seattle Storm with the 15th overall pick of the 2017 WNBA draft.
Professional career
Seattle Storm
Peterson was drafted by the Seattle Storm in the second round (15th overall) of the 2017 WNBA Draft. After one season with the Storm as the backup point guard, she was waived after one season after the team drafted Jordin Canada in 2018.
Indiana Fever
Peterson signed a training camp contract with the Indiana Fever in 2018, but did not make the roster.
Phoenix Mercury
Peterson signed a training camp contract with the Phoenix Mercury in 2018, but did not make the roster.
Overseas
Peterson played overseas in Ligat ha'Al for Petah Tikva before going to the Basket Liga Kobiet team AZS Lublin. She currently plays for Maccabi Bnot Ashdod in Israel.
Career statistics
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2013–14
| style="text-align:left;" | Syracuse
| 32 || 1 || 12.3 || .400 || .211 || .727 || 1.0 || 1.7 || 0.8 || 0.0 || 1.1 || 3.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2014–15
| style="text-align:left;" | Syracuse
| 32 || 32 || 33.3 || .432 || .385 || .748 || 3.7 || 4.1 || 2.4 || 0.0 || 2.7 || 16.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2015–16
| style="text-align:left;" | Syracuse
| 37 || 37 || 32.1 || .413 || .308 || .747 || 2.7 || 4.7 || 2.1 || 0.1 || 2.9 || 16.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2016–17
| style="text-align:left;" | Syracuse
| 33 || 33 || 35.6 || .423 || .369 || .798 || 3.5 || 7.0 || 3.0 || 0.1 || 3.3 || 23.4
|-
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | Career
| 134 || 103 || 28.5 || .421 || .347 || .764 || 2.7 || 4.4 || 2.1 || 0.0 || 2.5 || 14.8
WNBA
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |Seattle
| 17 || 0 || 7.1 || .295 || .250 || 1.000 || 1.2 || 0.8 || 0.2 || 0.0 || 0.7 || 2.1
|-
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | Career
| 17 || 0 || 7.1 || .295 || .250 || 1.000 || 1.2 || 0.8 || 0.2 || 0.0 || 0.7 || 2.1
References
External links
Alexis Peterson on Twitter
Syracuse profile
1995 births
Living people
Basketball players from Columbus, Ohio
Guards (basketball)
Syracuse Orange women's basketball players
All-American college women's basketball players
Seattle Storm draft picks
Seattle Storm players
Indiana Fever players
Phoenix Mercury players
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Poland
21st-century American women |
18767984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best%20of%20Hilary%20Duff | Best of Hilary Duff | Best of Hilary Duff is the first greatest hits album by American recording artist Hilary Duff. It was released on November 11, 2008, by Hollywood Records. The 12-track album consists of eight of Duff's previous singles, as well as two new recordings: "Reach Out" and "Holiday", and two remixes to the songs. Only one single was released from the album, the Ryan "Alias" Tedder-produced "Reach Out", which became her third single to chart at number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play.
Background
Duff confirmed that she had collaborated with a rapper called Prophet on a previously unheard song on the Dignity tour's set list, "Reach Out" in September 2007. In an interview with remix producer Joe Bermudez in November 2007, she said that Dignity would be re-released in a CDVU+ edition featuring remixes of the original songs alongside two new tracks: "Reach Out" and "Holiday". Duff said she hoped to write a third new song for the re-release, and to have "Holiday" released as its first or second single; However, Hollywood Records scrapped the plans, adding to their large list of cancelations, which in turn led Duff to make the decision to leave the label and develop Best of Hilary Duff to quickly end her contract, which had expected one more album.
Unlike Duff's first compilation album Most Wanted (2005), which was advertised as strictly a compilation, Best of was strictly advertised as a greatest hits, making it her first.
Critical reception
Best of Hilary Duff received mostly mixed reviews from critics. Allmusic gave the album a positive review stating that Best of Hilary Duff "is a flipside of her 2005's Most Wanted", which was "pitched squarely at bright, happy tweens". They also went on to say the album "is not a look back at the past but a blueprint for the future". Allmusic gave the album a 3.5/5 star rating.
Commonsensemedia said that "parents need to know that Miss Duff has turned up the heat with sexually provocative lyrics that may be too hot to handle for younger fans. Hilary Duff isn't for tweens anymore. The hit single "Reach Out" features more aggressive sexual lyrics than on previous albums. While Dignity was OK for 11-year-olds, the Best Of compilation pushes the target age higher. The funky remixes and danceable electronic beats are fun and catchy, but the sexed-up lyrics and themes aren't intended for younger fans."
Rachel Devitt of Rhapsody said the collection "is largely pleasant, nicely polished and, rather surprisingly, sleek and even a little edgy. Turns out Lizzie McGuire is a dancefloor diva, and even with that feathery little voice, she manages to work it on tracks like the dark "Stranger," saucy new tune "Reach Out" and a clubby remix of "Dignity."
Commercial performance
On November 29, 2008, Best of Hilary Duff debuted at number 125 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 5,500 copies in its first week of release in the US, making it her least successful album to date. Many people believe this was due to a lack of promotion from her record label at the time Hollywood Records and her change in sound of music which many believe resulted in Duff losing some of her younger fans. This is her first album not to receive any RIAA certifications. As of September 2012, the album has sold over 35,000 copies in the United States alone.
Singles
"Reach Out" was released as the only single from the album. The music video is directed by Philip Andelman and five official versions were released (though some have leaked first). The music video premiered on Duff's official MySpace on October 28, 2008.
Track listings
Notes
signifies a remixer.
signifies an original producer and remixer.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of the Japanese edition of the album
Hilary Duff – vocals & executive production
Prophet – vocals
Haylie Duff – vocals
Ryan Tedder – production & engineering
Derrick Haruin – production
Vada Nobles – production & mixing
Logic – production & mixing
Rhett Lawrence – production, mixing & engineering
Dead Executives – production & mixing ; bass guitar
John Shanks – production ; mixing
The Matrix – production, mixing, arrangement & recording
Matthew Gerrard – production
Chico Bennett – production ; remixing ; additional production
Charlie Midnight – production
Denny Weston Jr. – production
Desmond Child – production
Andreas Carlsson – production
Andre Recke – production ; executive production
Spider – production
Phil Tan – mixing
Jason Graucott – mixing
Dave Pensado – mixing & engineering
Steve McMillan – mixing & engineering
Jeff Rothschild – mixing
Rob Chiarelli – mixing
Joel Soyffer – mixing
Dave Way – mixing
Richard Vission – remixing
Caramel Pod E – remixing
Joe Bermudez – remixing & additional production
Dirty Freqs – additional production
Brian Reeves – additional recording & mixing
Jay Landers – executive production
Jon Lind – executive production
Dean Butterworth – drums
Monique Powell – background vocals
The Fruit – background vocals
Allan Hessler – engineering assistance
Robert Vosgien – mastering
Leslie Kee – photography & creative direction
Enny Joo – art direction & design
Charts
Release history
References
2008 greatest hits albums
Albums produced by Chico Bennett
Albums produced by John Shanks
Albums produced by Matthew Gerrard
Albums produced by Ryan Tedder
Albums produced by the Matrix (production team)
Hilary Duff compilation albums
Hollywood Records compilation albums |
68776669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Kingsmill%20%28died%201618%29 | William Kingsmill (died 1618) | William Kingsmill (died 1618) was an English landowner.
He was a son of William Kingsmill (died 1592) and Bridget Raleigh (died 1607), a daughter of George Raleigh.
His home was at Sydmonton. He was Sheriff of Hampshire in 1601 and 1612.
King James and Anne of Denmark stayed at Sydmonton Court in August 1603. Anne of Denmark stayed in August 1611.
He died in January 1618.
Marriage and family
He married Anne Wilkes or Willes, daughter of William Willes of Middleton Cheney. Their children included:
Henry Kingsmill (1587-1624), who married Bridget White (died 1672)
Richard Kingsmill of Malshanger (died 1663)
Constance Kingsmill, who married Thomas Baker (died 1625) of Whittingham Hall, Fressingfield
Elizabeth Kingsmill, who married Edward Tyrrell of Thornton
Eleanor Kingsmill, who married Timothy Tyrrell (died 1632), a Master of the Royal Hounds.
Frances Kingsmill, who married Guido Forster of Hanslope
Anne, Lady Kingsmill wrote to the Earl of Salisbury on 14 June 1608, thanking him for favours shown to herself and her son.
References
High Sheriffs of Hampshire
1618 deaths |
27734278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottmalhorn%20%28Steinernes%20Meer%29 | Schottmalhorn (Steinernes Meer) | The Schottmalhorn is a mountain in the Steinernes Meer on the border of Bavaria, Germany and Salzburg, Austria.
References
Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Bavaria
Mountains of Salzburg (state)
Berchtesgaden Alps |
2590564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary%20literature | Contemporary literature | Contemporary literature is literature which is generally set after World War II. Subgenres of contemporary literature include contemporary romance.
History
Below, contemporary literary movements are listed by decade. The list should not be assumed to be comprehensive.
1930s
Objectivist poets
1940s
1950s
Beat Generation
Black Mountain poets
Confessional poetry
New York School
1960s
British Poetry Revival
New Wave (science fiction)
Nouveau roman
1970s
L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets
1980s
Cyberpunk
Maximalism
New Formalism
Poetry slam
1990s
Post cyber punk
2000s
New Weird
2010s
2020s
See also
in literature
Modernist literature
Postmodern literature
Twentieth-century English literature
20th century in literature
2000s in books
History of literature |
42684065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ygapema%20plaumanni | Ygapema plaumanni | Ygapema plaumanni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1966.
References
Clytini
Beetles described in 1966 |
30231335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%20Fury | Rachel Fury | Rachel Fury is the stage name of Rachel Brennock, an English singer, songwriter, and actress best known for performing with Pink Floyd on tour from 1987 to 1989.
Career
Brennock began her acting career aged ten, appearing in various TV shows and films, a number of which, such as Mr Horatio Knibbles (1971) and Robin Hood Junior (1975), were produced under the aegis of the UK Children's Film Foundation.
At the same time, Brennock was building a career as a singer. In 1972, under the name "Weeny Bopper"; she recorded the single "David, Donny and Michael", a Pye Records release intended to capitalise on weeny bopper enthusiasm for David Cassidy, Donny Osmond, and Michael Jackson. By 1978, Brennock was an established London session singer, known for a "sassy 'Ronettes' sound."
In the 1980s Brennock adopted the stage name Rachel Fury and toured as a backing singer with Howard Devoto and The Lover Speaks. She co-wrote the song "When We Dream" with Phil Saatchi for his 1987 album Wheel of Fortune, and performed vocals on several Saatchi songs. Fury signed on as a backing singer for Pink Floyd's 'A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour' (1987-88) and the 'Another Lapse Tour' (1989) after being introduced to the band by her former boyfriend James Guthrie, Pink Floyd's longtime recording engineer.
She performed on tour with Pink Floyd from 1987 to 1989 and appears in the concert film and on the live album Delicate Sound of Thunder, the Italian TV broadcast of the 1989 concert in Venice, and the MTV recording of the 1987 concert at the Omni in Atlanta. In these live performances, Fury is noted for the opening vocals on "The Great Gig in the Sky" and for harmonising with David Gilmour on "Comfortably Numb". Fury also appears on recordings included in The Later Years boxset (2019) where she appears in a remastered Delicate Sound of Thunder film, the Venice canal show film as well as on the expanded version of the Delicate Sound of Thunder album.
After 1989 Fury retired from the stage. She did, however, perform with fellow Pink Floyd touring member, Durga McBroom's band, Blue Pearl live in 1990. According to the Pink Floyd fan sites, she now lives in London and maintains an interest in animal welfare and follows a vegan diet.
References
External links
Rachel Fury entry at discogs.com
(as Rachel Brennock)
Rachel Fury performing in 1990 for Blue Pearl band as a backing vocalist
1961 births
Living people
English women singers
People from the London Borough of Islington |
40418449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattooed%20Serpent | Tattooed Serpent | Tattooed Serpent (died 1725) (Natchez: Obalalkabiche; French: Serpent Piqué) was the war chief of the Natchez people of Grand Village, which was located near Natchez in what is now the U.S. state of Mississippi. He and his brother, the paramount chief Great Sun, allied his people with the French colonists. He was a friend of the colonist and chronicler Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz. Du Pratz described their friendship and Tattooed Serpent's death and funeral in detail in his chronicle.
Source of the name
The name Obalalkabiche (Tattooed Serpent) was traditionally adopted by the War Chief of the Natchez, who was always the younger brother of the Paramount Chief, whose official name was Yak-stalchil (Great Sun).
Thus, the Tattooed Serpent who died in 1725 and was a friend of Du Pratz was preceded by his own maternal uncle (died 1700), who was also called Tattooed Serpent while in office. On his death in 1725, Tattooed Serpent was succeeded by his sister's second eldest son, who took the same name. As an emblem of the office, he was decorated with the elaborate tattoo of a serpent circling his body from his foot to his mouth.
Life
In 1723, Tattooed Serpent helped the French negotiate a peace treaty after the Second Natchez War 1723, which ended the attacks on the French by the Natchez of the White Apple Village. He was such a friend of the French that, according to the chronicle of Dumont de Montigny, his sister, called La Glorieuse by the French, said that "he was like a Frenchman".
At his death, he and his older brother were both succeeded by much younger men. The alliance between the French and the Natchez became unstable, as the leaders of the pro-British White Apple village gained influence. This eventually led to the Natchez Massacre of 1729, and the end of amiable relations between the French and the Natchez.
Death and funeral
Le Page du Pratz describes in great detail the events surrounding the death of Tattooed Serpent, including his funeral. When he died, his brother, the Paramount Chief Great Sun, was so grief-stricken that he wanted to follow his brother in death by suicide. Le Page du Pratz managed to prevent the Great Sun from doing so.
At the funeral of Tattooed Serpent, a number of commoner class servants of the War Chief were sacrificed by garrotting, following the Natchez custom. According to du Pratz, two of his wives, one of his sisters (La Glorieuse), his first warrior, his doctor, his head servant and the servant's wife, his nurse, and a craftsman of war clubs all chose to die and be interred with him, as well as several old women. An infant was sacrificed, strangled by his parents. These retainers had their faces painted red and were drugged with large doses of nicotine or Jimson weed before their deaths.
During the funeral procession, the chief's body was carried to the temple on a litter made of cane matting and cedar poles. The temple was located on top of a low platform mound. The retainers were ritually strangled at the temple.
Tattooed Serpent was buried in a trench inside the temple floor, while his retainers were buried in other locations atop the mound surrounding the temple. After a few months time, the bodies were disinterred and their defleshed bones were stored as bundle burials in the temple.
See also
Tattooed Arm
Notes
References
Natchez people
18th-century Native Americans |
3374940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeli%20Renrong | Yeli Renrong | Yeli Renrong (, ?-1042) was a scholar and official who served in the court of the Western Xia dynasty of China. He was a trusted official of the Western Xia founder Emperor Jingzong. According to the official History of Song, the Emperor Ningzong commanded him to design the complex Tangut script in 1036 or 1038, based on Chinese writing, for use in writing the Tangut language.
References
Biography in Chinese
Creators of writing systems
Western Xia people
11th-century Tangut people |
13198978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist%20Party%20Congress | Communist Party Congress | Communist Party Congress could refer to:
Ruling or former ruling communist parties
Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
National Congress of the Communist Party of China
Congress of the Romanian Communist Party
Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Congresses of the Communist Party of Lithuania
Non-ruling communist party congresses
Congresses of the Communist Party of Brazil |
7684593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Voice%20TV%20Sweden | The Voice TV Sweden | The Voice TV Sweden was a Swedish language music television channel owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG broadcasting from the United Kingdom. It was launched in December 2004.
Initially, it was only available on the Canal Digital satellite platform, but was launched on cable platforms, including Com Hem, later on. During its first full year, the channel had average ratings of 0,0 minutes per day and person (Mediamätning i Skandinavien).
In February 2006, the Swedish government announced that the channel had received a license to broadcast unencrypted in the digital terrestrial network between 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. The channel timeshares with ONE Television that broadcast between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. Terrestrial broadcasting started in late May 2006. In February 2007, ONE Television was replaced by Kanal 9, which wanted to broadcast during other times than ONE Television did. The timeshare was altered so that Kanal 9 would broadcast from 5.40 p.m. to 5.40 a.m. on weekdays and from 2.30 p.m. to 2.30 a.m. on weekends, while The Voice TV would broadcast during the remaining time.
During the channel's second full year, 2006, the ratings had increased slightly to 0,2 minutes per day and person. In 2007, it was viewed 0,3 minutes per day.
In March 2008, The Voice TV received a new broadcast license running from 1 April 2008. The license stipulated that starting on 1 January 2009, The Voice TV would broadcast around the clock. This would be done using a new transmitter network that would use H.264 compression.
In early September 2008 it was announced that The Voice TV would be closed down on 30 September. This was mostly because the channel would move to a new transmitter network. At the time, this network hadn't been built and few of the set-top-boxes on the market would be able to receive its broadcasts. On 8 September 2008 The Voice TV ended its transmissions in the terrestrial network.
The programming consisted mainly of music videos and the channel is linked to the radio network The Voice Hiphop & RnB Sweden.
Programs that featured on the channel include:
Planet Voice
Top 20 Listan
Your Voice
Killer Karaoke
Vi Älskar Musik
Kodjos värld
References
External links
Official website
Defunct television channels in Sweden
Television channels and stations established in 2004
2004 establishments in Sweden
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2008
2008 disestablishments in Sweden
de:The Voice TV
sv:The Voice TV |
16434852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuur | Tuur | Tuur may refer to:
Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur (1931-2003), Somalian politician
Regilio Tuur (1967), Dutch boxer
Regillio Tuur (1986), Belgian-born Surinamese footballer
Erkki-Sven Tüür (1959), Estonian composer
Mihkel Tüür (1976), Estonian architect |
39024425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20M.%20Waters | Ralph M. Waters | Ralph Milton Waters (October 9, 1883 – December 19, 1979) was an American anesthesiologist known for introducing professionalism into the practice of anesthesia.
Medical career
Waters attended Western Reserve University Medical School and started a private practice focusing on obstetrics in Sioux City, Iowa upon graduation. Eventually, he turned the attention of his practice to anesthesia. In 1919, he published the landmark paper, “Why The Professional Anesthetist,” describing the inadequacies of anesthetic practices across the country.
By 1927, his reputation had grown such that he was recruited as a professor at the University of Wisconsin. There, he set up the country's first separate department of anesthesia at a medical school and established a resident training program in anesthesia.
For example, the photograph shows Dr. Waters in 1937, with fifteen male residents and one female resident, Dr. Virginia Apgar.
Among his contributions to the field were the development of the gas cyclopropane for clinical use, the carbon dioxide absorption method, and endobronchial anesthesia for thoracic surgery.
Waters was instrumental in outsourcing his resident training model to other universities and hospitals, including Bellevue Hospital, where he sent his assistant, Emery Rovenstine in 1935; and the University of Pennsylvania, where his protege Robert Dripps implemented the model. He invented an oropharyngeal airway made up of metal, now known as Water's Airway.
References
1883 births
1979 deaths
American anesthesiologists
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Case Western Reserve University alumni |
35959095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Andr%C3%A9s%20Rodr%C3%ADguez | Rosa María Andrés Rodríguez | Rosa María Andrés Rodríguez (born 29 May 1977) is a former professional Spanish tennis player. Her highest singles and doubles rankings are No.152 and No.81, respectively.
Biography
In her career, Andrés won 8 ITF Women's Circuit singles titles, 28 doubles titles and 1 WTA Tour doubles title.
In 2005, Andrés partnered Andreea Vanc to win her first and only WTA title, winning the doubles event in Strasbourg, France.
Andrés played at WTA Grand Slams on multiple occasions, but failed to qualified in singles and could not make it past round one in doubles. She also did not manage to win an ITF title bigger than $25,000 events.
Rosa retired from tennis after losing in round one of the 2005 US Open – Women's Doubles Event.
WTA career finals
Doubles: 2 (1–1)
ITF Finals
Singles (8–10)
Doubles (28–10)
References
External links
Living people
1977 births
People from Son Servera
Spanish female tennis players
Tennis players from the Balearic Islands |
20082900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan%20Kota%20Perdana | Jalan Kota Perdana | Jalan Kota Perdana, Federal Route 2486, is a federal road in Pahang, Malaysia.
At most sections, the Federal Route 2486 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.
List of junctions
Malaysian Federal Roads |
4568349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20McParland | Ian McParland | Ian John McParland (born 4 October 1961) is a Scottish former professional football player and manager. He played professionally as a striker with a number of teams and he is most known for his eight-year spell with Notts County, a club he later managed. He now features as a pundit on weekly football talk show 'Team Talk' on Notts TV.
Playing career
McParland grew up in Tranent, East Lothian and after leaving an apprenticeship with Sunderland due to homesickness worked for two years in the Lothian coal mining industry whilst playing for Ormiston Primrose. McParland was with Notts County from 1980 to 1988, then had spells at Hull City, Walsall, Dunfermline Athletic, Lincoln City, Northampton Town, Instant-Dict (Hong Kong), Eastern AA (Hong Kong), Hamilton Academical and Berwick Rangers.
Coaching and management
Nottingham Forest
McParland eventually went to Nottingham Forest as a coach. He was with Forest for over 10 years and was the reserve team coach for most of that time. When Gary Megson left the club in February 2006, he was put in temporary charge with Frank Barlow in a joint first team management role.
He and Barlow were named Managers of the Month for March 2006, when they went 10 games unbeaten, with 6 straight wins, including a 7-1 victory over Swindon Town at the City Ground. McParland just missed out on equalling a club record of 7 straight wins when Forest fell to a 3-2 defeat at the hands of Hartlepool United. Despite Forest narrowly missing out on the League One playoffs, McParland was still the favourite to land the Forest job (with Barlow) on a permanent basis. After Colin Calderwood was named the permanent successor to Megson, McParland and Barlow became coaches for the Forest first team.
Notts County
He was announced as the new Notts County manager in October 2007. McParland enjoyed a two-year spell in charge and, despite the appointment of Sven-Göran Eriksson as Director of Football, the club decided to retain his services. McParland was sacked on 12 October 2009, however, with the club in fifth place in League Two.
Ipswich Town
He joined Ipswich as part of Roy Keane's coaching staff on 27 November 2009. On 7 January 2011 he took over as caretaker manager for the departed Keane, and in his first game suffered a 7–0 defeat to Premier League side Chelsea. His second and final game in charge was the home leg of the League Cup semi-final against Arsenal on 12 January 2011, which Ipswich won 1-0. He was replaced permanently by Paul Jewell on 13 January 2011.
Swindon Town
McParland joined Swindon Town on 3 March 2011 as assistant to Paul Hart who had taken over the manager's role. He left the club in April 2011 following relegation to League Two.
Return to Forest
On 28 February 2013, McParland was appointed the under-21 coach at former club Nottingham Forest, returning to the club after an absence of over five years.
Managerial statistics
References
External links
Career statistics
1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Edinburgh
Scottish footballers
Notts County F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Sliema Wanderers F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Berwick Rangers F.C. players
Double Flower FA players
Eastern Sports Club footballers
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Hong Kong First Division League players
Hong Kong League XI representative players
Scottish expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Hong Kong
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Hong Kong
Scottish football managers
Nottingham Forest F.C. managers
Notts County F.C. managers
Ipswich Town F.C. managers
Association football forwards
Ipswich Town F.C. non-playing staff |
22865676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobles%20Emigrant%20Trail | Nobles Emigrant Trail | The Nobles Emigrant Trail, also known as the Fort Kearney, South Pass and Honey Lake Wagon Road, is a trail in California that was used by emigrant parties from the east as a shortened route to northern California. It was pioneered in 1851 by William Nobles, who discovered an easy shortcut between the Applegate Trail in Nevada and the Lassen Trail in California. The trail was extensively used until the 1870s, when it was superseded by railroads.
Discovery and establishment
The main trail to California in the 1840s was the California Trail, which followed the Humboldt River in Nevada, then the Truckee River, and over the Donner Pass in California. A northern variation was pioneered by the Applegate brothers in 1846, using a more northerly route that connected with destinations in Oregon. Peter Lassen established a variant route that passed Lassen Peak on the way to the Sacramento area. Lassen scouted the area of Honey Lake with William H. Nobles for a legendary "Gold Lake", but having failed, they parted company, with Nobles continuing to the east and accidentally scouting a shorter, easier trail than Lassen's.
Nobles, born in New York in 1816, had moved to Minnesota in 1841 to work as a carpenter, then as a carpenter and wagon-maker. By 1851 he had moved on to California. When Nobles returned to California from his expedition with Lassen, he showed a party of businessmen the route for a fee of $2000. With the subscribers vouching for the usefulness of the route, he returned to Minnesota in 1853 to promote the route, marrying in Illinois along the way. The Minnesota legislature commissioned Nobles to present the route to Congress in Washington. Nobles' efforts persuaded Congress to appropriate $300,000 for an expedition along the route, led by Frederick W. Lander, who prepared a favorable report in February 1861. The route became known as the Fort Kearney, South Pass and Honey Lake Wagon Road. Nobles was elected to the Minnesota Territorial Legislature and died in St. Paul in 1876. The trail was briefly considered for a railroad route. Its popularity contributed to the founding of Susanville and Redding.
Historic designation
The section of trail within the boundaries of Lassen Volcanic National Park was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 3, 1975. The section within the park is maintained as a hiking trail.
The trail has two California Historical Landmark markers: #675 marks a stopping place along the Noble Emigrant Trail that William Nobles established near the present-day city of Susanville, while #677 marks the spot where Peter Lassen first saw Honey Lake on October 4, 1850, while on his search for "Gold Lake".
Lassen Volcanic National Park
The trail within the park starts in the northeast corner, passing the edge of the Cinder Cone and the Fantastic Lava Beds, then skirting Prospect Peak. Crossing Badger Flats and passing through the Devastated Area associated with the May 21, 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak. The trail parallels the Lassen Park Road, then passes between the Chaos Crags and Table Mountain, across Sunflower Flat and over Nobles Pass, following the edge of the Chaos Jumbles. The trail leaves the northwest corner of the park near Manzanita Lake.
References
Historic trails and roads in California
Hiking trails in California
Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in California
National Register of Historic Places in Lassen Volcanic National Park
Protected areas of Lassen County, California
History of Lassen County, California
Protected areas of Shasta County, California
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
National Register of Historic Places in Shasta County, California |
3217597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo%20Seco%20bicycle%20path | Arroyo Seco bicycle path | The Arroyo Seco Bicycle Path is an approximately long Class I bicycle path along the Arroyo Seco river channel in the Northeast Los Angeles region of Los Angeles County, California. It parallels to the Arroyo Seco Parkway (CA Route 110) also in the canyon.
Description
The bicycle path connects: Montecito Heights at Ernest E. Debs Regional Park and the Montecito Heights Recreation Center; Hermon at Hermon Park and Ernest E. Debs Regional Park; and Highland Park at Sycamore Grove Park -- to the city of South Pasadena at the Arroyo Seco Stables. The pathway travels under the cover of tall California sycamore and California oak trees
The southwest portion of the path, approximately , runs along the top of the channel and overlooks the Arroyo Seco through chain-link fencing. It then descends into the bed of Arroyo Seco flood control channel for the rest of the route. Following the channel hydraulics, there is a slight and consistent uphill grade in the northeast/upstream direction, with some sections under overpasses having slightly greater slopes.
Parking and access are located at Hermon Park/Arroyo Seco Park, Sycamore Grove Park, Ernest E. Debs Regional Park, and the Montecito Heights Recreation Center. The Sycamore Grove Park access is via a pedestrian bridge over the Arroyo Seco. The path crosses several other pedestrian and vehicular bridges along its route.
Closures
For flood safety reasons, if rain is predicted or if water release is expected from the upstream dam, public access is not permitted in the channel.
Connectivity
The path continues as a walking and equestrian trail from its northern terminus, with only pedestrians and horses allowed beyond the Arroyo Seco Stables. However, bicyclists can continue on the Kenneth Newell Bikeway along Arroyo Boulevard just to the east, a quiet residential street that continues north in the Arroyo Seco to the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena.
From the path's southern terminus, the open air Heritage Square Museum and the Lummis House and gardens are nearby. Connections southwards to the Los Angeles River Bicycle Path several miles away are via the vehicle shared Figuroa Street to Riverside Drive.
Maintenance
The Arroyo Seco Bicycle Path is maintained by City of Los Angeles. The Arroyo Seco river channel that the bike path is located in is maintained by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works.
Hazards
Especially after rain events, storm-borne debris accumulate on the path and pose danger to cyclist and pedestrians. Other hazards include trash and debris, such as beverage bottles, shopping carts, and electronics that are being illegally discarded into the channel from bridge overpasses. Due to periodical maintenance activities, the path is usually clear from any debris and provides an enjoyable recreational area.
See also
References
External links
Arroyo Seco Foundation: The Arroyo Seco Bikeway
Bike paths in Los Angeles
Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)
Northeast Los Angeles
Parks in Los Angeles County, California
Highland Park, Los Angeles
Montecito Heights, Los Angeles
South Pasadena, California |
36701656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20Batty | Emily Batty | Emily Batty (born June 16, 1988) is a Canadian cross-country mountain biker. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 World Championships. Batty is the current Pan American Games champion and was the silver medalist at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. She won the gold medal at the Pan Am games in Toronto in 2015 in her home country.
Career
Batty started racing in 1999 and raced in the Canada Cup Series by 2001. She competed for Trek World Racing in the 2010 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup season. Batty switched to the Subaru-Trek team in 2011.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed with a broken collar bone and bruised shoulders in the Women's cross-country at Hadleigh Farm, finishing in 24th place. After the Olympics Emily broke through onto the podium at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. There she finished second on the podium behind teammate Catharine Pendrel. Following the race Pendrel said "I knew from training and the nationals that Emily was on fire, so I'm proud she got silver."
The next multi-games competition for the Canadian riders was the 2015 Pan American Games on home soil in Toronto. There Batty and Pendrel again found themselves in a one-two position, however this time Batty finished on top with a six-second advantage over Pendrel, winning the title of Pan Am Games champion. After the race Batty said "it's really just pushing each other. It doesn't matter who's first on the day as long as it's a Canadian. So we got gold and silver, which was amazing."
For the 2016 Summer Olympics Batty competed for Canada, coming in as World Championships bronze medallist. At the Games she finished a close fourth to teammate Pendrel. After she said "after London with a broken collarbone, to being 10 metres from a bronze medal, it is a heartbreak. My preparation was amazing. I raced clean and I rode incredibly strong and just missed a medal by a couple of bike lengths so I have some mixed emotions."
Personal
Born in Brooklin, Ontario, Batty grew up in a racing family. She has two older brothers and a younger sister, all of whom race. During her competitions, Batty wears a pearl necklace discovered among her mother's jewelry when she was 11 years old. Batty raced on the team Trek Factory Racing between 2013 and 2020. For 2021 Batty will race for Canyon. She is coached by Adam Morka, who is also her husband.
References
External links
Cross-country mountain bikers
Canadian female cyclists
Living people
Olympic cyclists of Canada
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Whitby, Ontario
1988 births
Cyclists from Ontario
Cyclists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Cyclists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Canadian mountain bikers
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Canada
Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
Pan American Games medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games |
63928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohicans | Mohicans | The Mohican ( or , alternate spelling: Mahican) are an Eastern Algonquian Native American tribe that historically spoke an Algonquian language. As part of the Eastern Algonquian family of tribes, they are related to the neighboring Lenape, who occupied territory to the south as far as the Atlantic coast. The Mohican occupied the upper tidal Hudson River Valley, including the confluence of the Mohawk River (where present-day Albany, New York, developed) and into western New England centered on the upper Housatonic River watershed. After 1680, due to conflicts with the powerful Mohawk to the west during the Beaver Wars, many were driven southeastward across the present-day Massachusetts western border and the Taconic Mountains to Berkshire County around Stockbridge, Massachusetts.
They combined with Lenape Native Americans (a branch known as the Munsee) in Stockbridge, and later the people moved west away from pressure of European settlement. They settled in what became Shawano County, Wisconsin. Most eastern American Indian populations were forced to reservations in Indian Territory during the 1830s, and other reservations in the American West later. Decades later they eventually formed the federally recognized Stockbridge-Munsee Community with registered members of the Munsee people and have a reservation.
Following the disruption of the American Revolutionary War, most of the Mohican descendants first migrated westward to join the Iroquois Oneida on their reservation in central New York. The Oneida gave them about 22,000 acres for their use. After more than two decades, in the 1820s and 1830s, the Oneida and the Stockbridge moved again, pressured to sell their lands and relocate to northeastern Wisconsin under the federal Indian Removal program. A group of Mohican also migrated to Ontario, Canada to live with the predominately Iroquois Six Nations of the Grand River reserve.
The tribe identified by the place where they lived: (or "people of the continually flowing waters"). The word refers to a great sea or body of water, and the Hudson River reminded them of their place of origin, so they named the Hudson River , or the river where there are people from the continually flowing waters. Therefore, they, along with other tribes living along the Hudson River (such as the Munsee to their west, known by the dialect of Lenape that they spoke, and Wappinger) to the south, were called "the River Indians" by the Dutch and English.
The Dutch heard and transliterated the term for the people of the area in their own language, variously as: Mahigan, Mahikander, Mahinganak, Maikan and Mawhickon, among other variants, which the English later expressed as Mohican or Mahican, in a transliteration to their own spelling system. The French, adopting names used by their Indian allies in Canada, knew the Mohican as the (or wolves). They referred to the Iroquois Confederacy as the "Snake People", as they were called by some competitors, or "Five Nations", representing their original tribes). Like the Munsee and Wappinger peoples, the Mohican were Algonquian-speaking, part of a large language family related also to the Lenape people, who occupied coastal areas from western Long Island to the Delaware River valley to the south.
In the late twentieth century, the Mohican joined other former New York tribes, including the Oneida and some other Iroquois nations, in filing land claims against New York for what were considered unconstitutional purchases of their lands after the Revolutionary War. Only the federal government had constitutional authority to deal with the Indian nations. In 2010, outgoing governor David Paterson announced a land exchange with the Stockbridge-Munsee that would enable them to build a large casino on in Sullivan County in the Catskills, as a settlement in exchange for dropping their larger claim in Madison County. The deal had many opponents.
Territory
In their own language, the Mohican identified collectively as the , "people of the great tidal river".
At the time of their first contact with Europeans traders along the river in the 1590s, the Mohican were living in and around the Hudson River (or ). After 1609, at the time of the Dutch settlement of New Netherland, they also ranged along the eastern Mohawk River and the Hoosic River, and south along the Hudson to the Roeliff Jansen Kill, where they bordered on the Wappinger people. This nation inhabited the river area and its interior southward to today's New York City.
Most of the Mohican communities lay along the upper tidal reaches of the Hudson River and along the watersheds of Kinderhook-Claverack-Taghkanic Creek, the Roeliff Jansen Kill, Catskil Creek, and adjacent areas of the Housatonic watershed. Mohican territory reached along Hudson River watersheds northeastward to Wood Creek just south of Lake Champlain.
Culture
The Mohican villages were governed by hereditary sachems advised by a council of clan elders. They had a matrilineal kinship system, with property and inheritance (including such hereditary offices) passed through the maternal line. Moravian missionary John Heckewelder and early anthropologist Lewis H. Morgan both learned from Mohican informants that their matrilineal society was divided into three phratries (Turkey, Turtle, and Wolf). These were divided into clans or subclans, including a potentially prominent Bear Clan. This finding is supported by the evidence of Mohican signatures on treaties and land deeds (see the works of Shirley Dunn).
A general council of sachems met regularly at Scodac (east of present-day Albany) to decide important matters affecting the entire confederacy. In his history of the Indians of the Hudson River, Edward Manning Ruttenber described the clans of the Mohican as the Bear, the Turkey, the Turtle, and the Wolf. Each had a role in the lives of the people, and the Wolf served as warriors in the north to defend against the Mohawk, the easternmost of the Five Nations of the Iroquois.
Like the Munsee-speaking communities to their south, Mohican villages followed a dispersed settlement pattern, with each community likely dominated by a single lineage or clan. The villages usually consisted of a small cluster of small and mid-sized longhouses, and were located along floodplains. During times of war, they built fortifications in defensive locations (such as along ridges) as places of retreat. Their cornfields were located near their communities; the women also cultivated varieties of squash, beans, sunflowers, and other crops from the Eastern Agricultural Complex. Horticulture and the gathering and processing of nuts (hickory, butternuts, black walnuts and acorns), fruits (blueberries, raspberries, juneberries among many others), and roots (groundnuts, wood lilies, arrowroot among others) provided much of their diet. This was supplemented by the men hunting game (turkeys, deer, elk, bears, and moose in the Taconics) and fishing (sturgeon, alewives, shad, eels, lamprey and striped bass).
Language
The now extinct Mohican language belonged to the Eastern Algonquian branch of the Algonquian language family.
History
Mohican Confederacy
The Mohican were a confederacy of five tribes and as many as forty villages.
Mohican proper, lived in the vicinity of today's Albany (, "the fireplace of the Mahican Nation") west towards the Mohawk River and to the northwest to Lake Champlain and Lake George
, lived along the west shore of the Hudson River above the Catskill Creek
Wawyachtonoc (or , "eddy people" or "people of the curving channel"), lived in Dutchess County and Columbia County eastward to the Housatonic River in Litchfield County, Connecticut, main village was Weantinock, additional villages: Shecomeco, Wechquadnach, Pamperaug, Bantam, Weataug, Scaticook
Westenhuck (from , "on the other side of the mountains"), the name of a village near Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Often called the "Housatonic people", they lived in the Housatonic Valley in Connecticut and Massachusetts and in the vicinity of Great Barrington, which they called , meaning "the place downstream"
Wiekagjoc (from , "upper reaches of a river"), lived east of the Hudson Rivers near the city of Hudson, Columbia County, New York
Conflict with the Mohawk
The Algonquians (Mohican) and Iroquois (Mohawk) were traditional competitors and enemies. Iroquois oral tradition, as recorded in the Jesuit Relations, speaks of a war between the Mohawks and an alliance of the Susquehannock and Algonquin (sometime between 1580 and 1600). This was perhaps in response to the formation of the League of the Iroquois.
In September 1609 Henry Hudson encountered Mohican villages just below present day Albany, with whom he traded goods for furs. Hudson returned to Holland with a cargo of valuable furs which immediately attracted Dutch merchants to the area. The first Dutch fur traders arrived on the Hudson River the following year to trade with the Mohicans. Besides exposing them to European epidemics, the fur trade destabilized the region.
In 1614, the Dutch decided to establish a permanent trading post on Castle Island, on the site of a previous French post that had been long abandoned; but first they had to arrange a truce to end fighting which had broken out between the Mohicans and Mohawks. Fighting broke out again between the Mohicans and Mohawks in 1617, and with Fort Nassau badly damaged by a freshet, the Dutch abandoned the fort. In 1618, having once again negotiated a truce, the Dutch rebuilt Fort Nassau on higher ground. Late that year, Fort Nassau was destroyed by flooding and abandoned for good. In 1624, Captain Cornelius Jacobsen May sailed the upriver and landed eighteen families of Walloons on a plain opposite Castle Island. They commenced to construct Fort Orange.
The Mohicans invited the Algonquin and Montagnais to bring their furs to Fort Orange as an alternate to French traders in Quebec. Seeing the Mohicans extended their control over the fur trade, the Mohawk attacked, with initial success. In 1625 or 1626 the Mohicans destroyed the easternmost Iroquois "castle". The Mohawks then re-located south of the Mohawk River, closer to Fort Orange. In July 1626 many of the settlers moved to New Amsterdam because of the conflict. The Mohicans requested help from the Dutch and Commander Daniel Van Krieckebeek set out from the fort with six soldiers. Van Krieckebeek, three soldiers, and twenty-four Mohicans were killed when their party was ambushed by the Mohawk about a mile from the fort. The Mohawks withdrew with some body parts of those slain for later consumption as a demonstration of supremacy.
War continued to rage between the Mohicans and Mohawks throughout the area from Skahnéhtati (Schenectady) to Kinderhoek Kinderhook. By 1629, the Mohawks had taken over territories on the west bank of the Hudson River that were formerly held by the Mohicans. The conflict caused most of the Mohican to migrate eastward across the Hudson River into western Massachusetts and Connecticut. The Mohawks gained a near-monopoly in the fur trade with the Dutch by prohibiting the nearby Algonquian-speaking tribes to the north or east to trade.
Stockbridge
Many Mohicans settled in the town of Stockbridge, Massachusetts, where they gradually became known as the "Stockbridge Indians". , one of their chiefs, accompanied three Mohawk chiefs on a state visit to Queen Anne and her government in England in 1710. They were popularly referred to as the Four Mohawk Kings.
The Stockbridge Indians allowed Protestant missionaries, including Jonathan Edwards, to live among them. In the 18th century, many converted to Christianity, while keeping certain traditions of their own. They fought on the side of the British colonists in the French and Indian War (also known as the Seven Years' War). During the American Revolution, they sided with the colonists.
In the eighteenth century, some of the Mohicans developed strong ties with missionaries of the Moravian Church from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, who founded a mission at their village of in Dutchess County, New York. Henry Rauch reached out to two Mohican leaders, , also known as ; and , who took him back to Shekomeko. They named him the new religious teacher. Over time, Rauch won listeners, as the Mohicans had suffered much from disease and warfare, which had disrupted their society. Early in 1742, Shabash and two other Mohicans accompanied Rauch to Bethlehem, where he was to be ordained as a deacon. The three Mohicans were baptized on 11 February 1742 in John de Turk's barn nearby at Oley, Pennsylvania. Shabash was the first Mohican of Shekomeko to adopt the Christian religion. The Moravians built a chapel for the Mohican people in 1743. They defended the Mohican against European colonists' exploitation, trying to protect them against land encroachment and abuses of liquor.
On a 1738 visit to New York, the Mohicans spoke to Governor Lewis Morris concerning the sale of their land near Shekomeko. The Governor promised they would be paid as soon as the lands were surveyed. He suggested that for their own security, they should mark off their square mile of land they wished to keep, which the Mohicans never did. In September 1743, still under the Acting-Governor George Clarke the land was finally surveyed by New York Assembly agents and divided into lots, a row of which ran through the Indians' reserved land. With some help from the missionaries, on 17 October 1743 and already under the new Royal Governor George Clinton, Shabash put together a petition of names of people who could attest that the land in which one of the lots was running through was theirs. Despite Shabash's appeals, his persistence, and the missionaries' help, the Mohicans lost the case. The lots were eventually bought up by European-American colonists and the Mohicans were forced out of Shekomeko. Some who opposed the missionaries' work accused them of being secret Catholic Jesuits (who had been outlawed from the colony in 1700) and of working with the Mohicans on the side of the French. The missionaries were summoned more than once before colonial government, but also had supporters. In the late 1740s the colonial government at Poughkeepsie expelled the missionaries from New York, in part because of their advocacy of Mohican rights. European colonists soon took over the Mohican land.
Revolutionary War
In August 1775, the Six Nations staged a council fire near Albany, after news of Bunker Hill had made war seem imminent. After much debate, they decided that such a war was a private affair between the British and the colonists (known as Rebels, Revolutionaries, Congress-Men, American Whigs, or Patriots), and that they should stay out of it. Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant feared that the Indians would lose their lands if the Colonists achieved independence. Sir William Johnson, his son John Johnson and son-in-law Guy Johnson and Brant used all their influence to engage the Iroquois to fight for the British cause. The Mohawk, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca ultimately became allies and provided warriors for the battles in the New York area. The Oneida and Tuscarora sided with the Colonists. The Mohicans, who as Algonquians were not part of the Iroquois Confederacy, sided with the Patriots, serving at the Siege of Boston, and the battles of Saratoga and Monmouth.
In 1778 they lost forty warriors of their Stockbridge Militia, around half "Stockbridge Indians" who were remnants of both Mohican and Wappinger tribes, in a British attack on the land of the van Cortlandt family. (In 1888, the property became Van Courtland Park in the Bronx, New York.) The Battle of Kingsbridge decimated the troop's ranks. It received a commendation from George Washington, was paid $1,000 and dismissed.
Move to Oneida, New York
After the Revolution the citizens of the new United States forced many Native Americans off their land and westward. In the 1780s, groups of Stockbridge Indians, today regarded as Stockbridge Munsee, moved from Massachusetts to a new location among the Oneida people in central New York, who had been granted a reservation for their service to the Patriots, out of their former territory of . They called their settlement New Stockbridge. Some individuals and families, mostly people who were old or those with special ties to the area, remained behind at Stockbridge.
The central figures of Mohican society, including the chief sachem, Joseph Quanaukaunt, and his counselors and relatives, were part of the move to New Stockbridge. At the new town, the Stockbridge emigrants controlled their own affairs and combined traditional ways with the new as they chose. After learning from the Christian missionaries, the Stockbridge Indians were experienced in English ways. At New Stockbridge they replicated their former town. While continuing as Christians, they retained their language and Mohican cultural traditions. In general, their evolving Mohican identity was still rooted in traditions of the past.
Removal to Wisconsin
In the 1820s and 1830s, most of the Stockbridge Indians moved to Shawano County, Wisconsin, where they were promised land by the US government under the policy of Indian removal. In Wisconsin, they settled on reservations with the Lenape (called Munsee after one of their major dialects), who were also speakers of one of the Algonquian languages. Together, the two formed a band and are federally recognized as the Stockbridge-Munsee Community.
Their 22,000-acre reservation is known as that of the Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians and is located near the town of Bowler. Since the late twentieth century, they have developed the North Star Mohican Resort and Casino on their reservation, which has successfully generated funds for tribal welfare and economic development.
Land claims
In the late twentieth century, the Stockbridge-Munsee were among tribes filing land claims against New York, which had been ruled to have unconstitutionally acquired land from Indians without Senate ratification. The Stockbridge-Munsee filed a land claim against New York state for in Madison County, the location of its former property. In 2011, outgoing governor David Paterson announced having reached a deal with the tribe. They would be given nearly in Madison County and give up their larger claim in exchange for the state's giving them 330 acres of land in Sullivan County in the Catskill Mountains, where the government was trying to encourage economic development. The federal government had agreed to take the land in trust, making it eligible for development as a gaming casino, and the state would allow gaming, an increasingly important source of revenue for American Indians. Race track and casinos, private interests and other tribes opposed the deal.
In 2011, the Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of the Mohican Indians regained ownership 156 acres along the Hudson River, a tract known as Papscanee Island Nature Preserve near East Greenbush and Schodack. The land was donated to descendants of its indigenous inhabitants by the Open Space Initiative. Prior to colonization, the island was used for ceremonies by the Mohicans before it was acquired by Dutch merchant Kiliaen Van Rensselaer in 1637. The property is managed by Rensselaer County and the Rensselaer Land Trust for public access and protection, while owned by the Mohicans.
Representation in media
James Fenimore Cooper based his novel, The Last of the Mohicans, on the Mohican tribe. His description includes some cultural aspects of the Mohegan, a different Algonquian tribe that lived in eastern Connecticut. Cooper set his novel in the Hudson Valley, Mohican land, but used some Mohegan names for his characters, such as Uncas.
The novel has been adapted for the cinema more than a dozen times, the first time in 1920. Michael Mann directed a 1992 adaptation, which starred Daniel Day-Lewis as a Mohican-adopted white man.
Notable members
Etow Oh Koam, Mohican sachem and one of the Four Indian Kings, who, with three Mohawk leaders, made a state visit to Queen Anne and her government in England in 1710.
Hendrick Aupaumut, (1757–1830) sachem, historian, and American Revolutionary War captain
Steve Conliff, (1949-2006) political writer, historian, Yippie activist
Brent Michael Davids, (b. 1959) composer/flautist
Bill Miller, (b. 1955) musician
Electa Quinney, (1798–1885) first public teacher and school mistress in Wisconsin
John Wannuaucon Quinney, (1797–1855) diplomat
Don Coyhis (born August 16, 1943), addiction specialist, Native American health activist and author.
See also
Native American tribes in Massachusetts
References
Bibliography
Aupaumut, Hendrick. (1790). "History of the Muh-he-con-nuk Indians", in American Indian Nonfiction, An Anthology of Writings, 1760s–1930s (pp. 63–71). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Nekatcit. The Celestial Bear Comes Down to Earth: The Bear Sacrifice Ceremony of the Munsee-Mahican in Canada as Related by Nekatcit Edited by Frank G. Speck in collaboration with Jesse Moses, Delaware Nation. Pub. 1945, Reading Public Museum.
Jones, Electa. (1854). "Stockbridge Past and Present".
Ruttenber, E. M. (1872). "History of the Indian Tribes of Hudson's River; Their Origin, Manners and Customs; Tribal and Sub-Tribal Organizations; Wars, Treaties, Etc., Etc." Albany: J. Munsell History Series.
Starna, William A.: From Homeland to New Land: A History of the Mahican Indians, 1600–1830. University of Nebraska Press, 2013.
Brasser, T. J. (1978). "Mahican", in B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 198–212). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Cappel, Constance, "The Smallpox Genocide of the Odawa Tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763", The History of a Native American People, Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2007.
Conkey, Laura E.; Bolissevain, Ethel; & Goddard, Ives. (1978). "Indians of southern New England and Long Island: Late period", in B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 177–189). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Salwen, Bert. (1978). "Indians of southern New England and Long Island: Early period", in B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 160–176). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Simpson, J. A.; & Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). "Mohican", Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Online version).
Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1–20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Trigger, Bruce G. (Ed.). (1978). Northeast, Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 15). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
External links
Stockbridge-Munsee community
Mohican nation Stockbridge-Munsee band: Our history
Mohican Indians
Algonquian peoples
Native American tribes in Massachusetts
Native American tribes in New York (state)
Shawano County, Wisconsin
Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Native American tribes in Wisconsin
Algonquian ethnonyms
Extinct languages of North America
People of New Netherland
American Indian reservations in Wisconsin
Native Americans in the American Revolution |
18703723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist%20Episcopal%20Society%20of%20Tyringham | Methodist Episcopal Society of Tyringham | Methodist Episcopal Society of Tyringham (or the Union Church and Parsonage) is a historic church at 128-130 Main Road in Tyringham, Massachusetts, and is presently the only church standing in the community. The property includes a Greek Revival church building built in 1844, and a parsonage house next door. Between 1844 and 1907, the church was also used for town meetings. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
Description and history
The Methodist Episcopal Society of Tyringham is located in Tyringham's small main village, on the west side of Main Road at Church Road, with the parsonage across Church Road to the south. The church is a rectangular wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and mostly clapboarded exterior. The front facade is finished flushboarding, and is sheltered by a projecting four-column Ionic portico. The columns support a fully pedimented gable, which houses a series of recessed panels. The main facade is blank except for the main entrance and wide corner pilasters. The entrance opening is framed by pilasters and topped by a broad corniced entablature; the doorway within the opening is framed by paneling matching that of the door. The church's tower rises to a height of in square tiered stages.
The church was built in 1844, when the community was at the height of its prosperity, and is one of Berkshire County's finest examples of Greek Revival church architecture. It was built by a Reformed Methodist congregation as its second sanctuary, the first having been destroyed by fire. The house was built around the same time as the church as a private residence, and was only acquired for use as a parsonage in 1903. The parsonage is a modest 1-1/2 story gable-front structure, with a single-story ell (a 20th-century addition) extending to the south.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Berkshire County, Massachusetts
References
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Churches in Berkshire County, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Berkshire County, Massachusetts
Tyringham, Massachusetts |
59274649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lygdamis%20I%20of%20Halicarnassus | Lygdamis I of Halicarnassus | Lygdamis (), who ruled –484 BCE, was the first tyrant of Caria under the Achaemenid Empire. He was of Carian-Greek ethnicity. He was the father of Artemisia I of Caria.
He is the founder of the eponymous Lygdamid dynasty (520–450 BCE) of Carian tyrants, who ruled from Halicarnassus.
References
Ancient Halicarnassians
Lygdamid dynasty
Achaemenid satraps of Caria
6th-century BC Asian monarchs
5th-century BC rulers in Asia
Officials of Darius the Great |
12441464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army%20Group%20Liguria | Army Group Liguria | Army Liguria (Armee Ligurien, or LXXXXVII Army) was an army formed for the National Republican Army (Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano, or ENR). The ENR was the national army of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, or RSI). Formation of this RSI army started in 1943 and the army was disbanded in 1945. Army Group Liguria included several German units and its Italian units were sometimes transferred to German formations.
Formation
On 16 October 1943, the Rastenburg Protocol was signed with Nazi Germany and the RSI was allowed to raise four division-sized military formations. The four divisions—1st Italian "Italia" Infantry Division, 2nd Italian "Littorio" Infantry Division, 3rd Italian "San Marco" Marine Division, and 4th Italian "Monte Rosa" Alpine Division—were to ultimately total 52,000 men.
Service
In July 1944, the first of these divisions completed training and was sent to the front. Like the smaller RSI units—the Black Brigades and the Decima Flottiglia MAS—the newly formed RSI divisions generally participated in anti-partisan activities. While there were exceptions, these divisions saw limited front line action.
As the remaining divisions completed training, they were combined with German units and formed into Army Group Liguria. The RSI Minister of Defense, Rodolfo Graziani, commanded all Army forces of the RSI.
Order of battle
Order of Battle for the LXXXXVII "Liguria" Army - 30 April 1945
LXXV Corps
5th German Mountain Division
2nd Italian "Littorio" Infantry Division
34th German Infantry Division
Lombardia Corps
3rd Italian "San Marco" Marine Infantry Division
134th German Infantry Brigade
4th Italian "Monte Rosa" Alpine Division
The 1st Bersaglieri "Italia" Division was attached to the 14th German Army.
Surrender
On 1 May 1945, Graziani ordered the RSI forces under his command to lay down their arms and Army Group Liguria ceased to exist. German General Heinrich von Vietinghoff signed the unconditional instrument of surrender for all Axis forces in Italy and his surrender took effect on 2 May.
See also
List of German Army Groups in World War II
Italian Co-Belligerent Army
Alfredo Guzzoni
Gothic Line order of battle
Operation Grapeshot order of battle
Battle of Garfagnana
References
Liguria
Liguria
Military units and formations established in 1943
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945 |
58913531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton%20Post%20Office | Singleton Post Office | Singleton Post Office is a heritage-listed former post office at 25-27 George Street, Singleton, Singleton Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
History
The original building was designed by Colonial Architect James Barnet and built in 1878 by W. Dart. The lobby was closed in to provide a telephone exchange in 1899. Barnet's successor, Walter Liberty Vernon, designed additions 1900s, including the extension of the roof to cover an added verandah and alterations to the east and west corners. The upper level verandah was added in 1924.
The George Street post office closed in 1974 when the current John Street building opened. The Commonwealth Government sold the former post office 1986.
Description
The former Singleton Post Office is a large two-storey building in the Victorian Italianate style with an arched colonnade and upper storey verandah at street face. It features rendered brickwork, a hipped slate roof and stone detailing in the footing, keystones and sills.
Heritage listing
Singleton Post Office was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
See also
References
Bibliography
Attribution
New South Wales State Heritage Register
Singleton, New South Wales
Post office buildings in New South Wales
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register |
2756730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody%20Wants%20to%20Rule%20the%20World | Everybody Wants to Rule the World | "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" is a song by English pop rock band Tears for Fears. It was written by Roland Orzabal, Ian Stanley, and Chris Hughes and produced by Hughes. The song was first released on 18 March 1985 by Phonogram, Mercury, and Vertigo Records as the third single from the band's second album, Songs from the Big Chair (1985). "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" is a new wave and synth-pop song with lyrics that detail the desire humans have for control and power and centre on themes of corruption.
Music critics praised "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" in their retrospective reviews, with some ranking the song among the decade's best. Along with "Shout" (1984), it is one of the band's signature songs. An international success, the song peaked at number two in Ireland, Australia, and the United Kingdom and at number one in Canada, New Zealand, and on both the US Billboard Hot 100 and Cashbox. It was certified gold by both Music Canada (MC) and the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).
Nigel Dick directed the music video, which received promotion from MTV. It shows bassist Curt Smith (who sings lead vocal) driving an antique Austin-Healey 3000 sports car around Southern California intercut with shots of the band performing the song in a studio. In 1986, the song won Best Single at the Brit Awards. The group re-recorded the song as a charity single for the Sport Aid campaign.
Background and release
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was written by Roland Orzabal, Ian Stanley and Chris Hughes, and produced by Hughes. The song was a "last-minute" addition during recording sessions of Songs from the Big Chair (1985). The decision to include the song in the album came after Orzabal played two chords on his acoustic guitar for Hughes. It was recorded in two weeks and added as the final track on the album. According to Orzabal, the final line in the song's chorus, originally written as "Everybody wants to go to war", contributed to his indifference towards the track.
In an interview with Mix magazine, Hughes said that "as a piece of recording history, [the song is] bland as hell." Orzabal's unimpressed reaction to the track during their songwriting sessions prompted Hughes to convince him to record it, in a calculated effort to garner American chart success. After completing their sessions at 6p.m., they would spend an hour reviewing each recording many times; this helped Orzabal to create the song's guitar figure and change its title. Orzabal acknowledged that the shuffle beat used in the song was "alien" to their way of writing music, stating it was "jolly rather than square and rigid in the manner of 'Shout', but it continued the process of becoming more extrovert." Curt Smith, the song's lead singer, said the themes were "quite serious – it's about everybody wanting power, about warfare and the misery it causes."
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was first released on 18 March 1985 through Phonogram, Mercury and Vertigo Records as the third single from the band's second studio album, Songs from the Big Chair. The song was released for sale (as a 7-inch, 10-inch and 12-inch vinyl set) which included its B-side, interviews from the band and different versions of the song. To accommodate the vinyl release, a CD video set was also distributed and included the song's music video along audios of bonus tracks.
Composition and lyrical interpretation
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" is a new wave and synth-pop song. The song is set in the key of D major with a time signature and a tempo of 116 beats per minute. The band stated that the driving shuffle rhythm was influenced by Simple Minds' 1983 song "Waterfront", and Linx's 1981 song "Throw Away the Key". "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" incorporates synthesizers, guitar, a shuffle groove, two guitar solos, and keyboards.
The song's lyrics detail the desire humans have for control and power. In 2017, Tal Rosenberg of Pitchfork stated that its lyrics could be applied in different scenarios such as the environment ("Turn your back on mother nature"), short-lived financial success ("Help me make the most of freedom and of pleasure/Nothing ever lasts forever"), dictatorial rule ("Even while we sleep/We will find you"), and the Cold War ("Holding hands while the walls come tumbling down").
The song's lyrics have elicited different political interpretations. The Economist writer K.Y.W. called the track a Cold War anthem and noted its timeless message, stating that "the song's lyrics speak to the anxieties of every age." Marc Ambinder from The Atlantic used the lyrics "Say that you'll never, never, never need it / One headline, why believe it? / Everybody wants to rule the world" in his article about the United States government's use of "original classified authority" and the abuse of power between the branches of government. Dominic Pino of National Review described the track as a "conservative pop song", noting the lyrics' tension between "personal ambition" and "channeling that personal ambition to good ends", comparing these themes to James Madison's concerns about private interest in the Federalist Papers. Curt Smith challenged this interpretation.
Tears for Fears revisited the song and its message in a 2017 interview with Yahoo! Music, stating that the song's themes were still "just as poignant" as they were when they first wrote it. They mentioned that they discussed the Cold War with "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" and Songs from the Big Chair but that was the "U.S. and Russia then, and now the concern is more with the U.S. and [North] Korea."
Reception
Consequence of Sound editor Michael Roffman praised the group for being able to produce a "timeless and influential composition" with minimal effort. Roffman also noted that "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was appropriate when it was first released, calling it a "meditative commentary on an era that was so corrupt economically and spiritually." AllMusic's Stanton Swihart expressed in his retrospective review that the group "perfectly captured the zeitgeist of the mid-'80s while impossibly managing to also create a dreamy, timeless pop classic." Pitchfork called it a song with "near-universal appeal", as well as a staple for "classic-rock radio, pharmacies, bars, and parties." In their review for the best albums of the 1980s, Eric Henderson from Slant Magazine stated that the song "seems like one of the great indictments of the materialism and false triumphalism of the decade."
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was voted the 25th best single in The Village Voices Pazz & Jop critics' poll for 1985 with 17 points, sharing the spot with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers' "Don't Come Around Here No More" (1985) and Sade's "Smooth Operator" (1984). Pitchfork placed the song at number 82 on their list for the best songs of the 80s expressing that "underneath the synth-pop sheen, its vague message" and its lesson in how power-driven society could be, the song was able to reach "Reagan and Margaret-era youth fed up with political greed." Kevin Korber from Spectrum Culture ranked the song at 24 on his 80s decade list, calling the song a "testament to how much of a free-for-all the pop landscape was in the 1980s." Korber dismissed the song's vague lyrics but praised its complex melodic structure, saying it was "both the perfect representation of its time and a timeless composition." Treble included the song at number 49 on their decade list. In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number 319 in their updated list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
In 1986, the song won "Best Single" at the Brit Awards. Band member and co-writer Roland Orzabal argued that the song deserved to win the Ivor Novello International Hit of the Year award, claiming that the winner—"19" by Paul Hardcastle—was not an actual song, but only a "dialogue collage". In 2015, 30 years after its release, the song was honoured at the annual BMI Awards in London for achieving 6 million radio airplays. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" is regarded as the group's signature song, along with "Shout" (1984).
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was banned for broadcast by the BBC for the duration of the first Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991) due to the song's political themes.
Tears For Fears played the song live on “The Late Show with Stephen Colbert” the night Russia invaded Ukraine.
Commercial performance
In the United Kingdom, "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" debuted at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart, in the issue dated 24 March 1985. On the week of 14 April 1985, the song peaked at number two. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" received a gold certification by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 13 April 2018 for 500,000 sales. The song peaked at number three in Belgium, and at number two in both the Netherlands and Ireland.
In the United States, "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" debuted at number 70 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the issue dated 16 March 1985. On the week of 27 April 1985, the song rose to number 18. On the week of 8 June 1985, the song moved 2–1, replacing Wham!'s "Everything She Wants" (1984) as the number one on the chart; it would spend a total of two weeks in this position. The song was a commercial success in other American markets, peaking at number two on the Adult Contemporary and Top Rock Tracks and charting at number one on the Hot Dance Club Play, Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, and Cash Box charts. It ranks as the 345th best-charting single of all time in the United States. In Canada, the song reached the number one spot, earning a gold certification from Music Canada (MC) for 40,000 sales shipments on 1 May 1985.
In Australia, the song reached the number two position. On the report dated 19 May 1985, the song debuted at number four on the New Zealand Top 40 Singles chart; it would later peak at number one. It was certified Gold by the Recorded Music NZ (RMNZ) for sales of 10,000.
B-side: "Pharaohs"
"Pharaohs" is the B-side to the "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" single. It samples a recording of BBC Radio 4 announcer Brian Perkins reading the Shipping Forecast for the North Sea region of the United Kingdom. The title of the song has an identical enunciation to the Faroe Islands ("Faroes"), one of the places referenced in the forecast. Orzabal, Ian Stanley, Curt Smith and Hughes share writing credits. "Pharaohs" is included on the Groove Armada compilation album Back to Mine (2000). Chris Hughes wrote about the song in the liner notes of Saturnine Martial & Lunatic (1996), saying:
"Pharaohs" shipping forecast read by Brian Perkins:
Music video
The promotional video for "Everybody Wants to Rule the World", filmed in early 1985, was directed by Nigel Dick. It was filmed in Las Vegas, Los Angeles, a desert in Southern California, the Salton Sea and Cabazon as well as a London studio. Curt Smith admitted to Pitchfork that the video shoot was a "disaster"; Dick was "in tears" on the second night of shooting. Smith also mentioned that there was an accident while filming the "dirt bikes and four-wheel off-road vehicles" scene, with one child flying out of a vehicle and smashing his head, leaving him unconscious.
The video begins with Smith driving a vintage Austin-Healey 3000 sports car while a toddler points toy guns in Smith's direction. The car is then seen driving through a desert, this scene is intercut with the band performing the song in a studio. Smith parks the car at the Wheel Inn diner and makes a call from a telephone booth. The camera pans to show a statue of a man riding a horse nearby. Smith leaves the diner in the car while singing the song's lyrics. The following scene shows two black men in suits performing synchronised dance movements in front of two gas pumps. Shots of young people riding three-wheeled ATVs and dirt bikes through desert sand dunes are also shown. Smith is then shown singing in the desert wearing black sunglasses as many of the dirt bike and ATV riders approach from behind him and pass to either side.
The music video promoted the group in America, due to "heavy rotation" on the music video channel MTV. HuffPost editor Daryl Deino ranked the video at number three on their year-end list for best music videos of 1985 stating that the video "represents pure Americana as it was in 1985". Deino also mentioned that the video "proves that at times, artists were able to do so much with so little."
Formats and track listings
7": Mercury / IDEA 9 (UK)
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World"4:11
B. "Pharaohs" 3:42
Double 7" Special Limited Edition: Mercury / IDEA 99 (UK)
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" 4:11
B. "Pharaohs" 3:42
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Urban Mix) 6:06
B. "Roland & Curt Interviewed" 7:30
10": Mercury / IDEA 910 (UK)
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" 4:11
B. "Pharaohs" 3:42
12": Mercury / IDEA 912 (UK)
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Extended Version) 5:43
B1. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (7" Version) 4:11
B2. "Pharaohs" 3:42
Urban Mix 12": Mercury / IDEA 912 (UK)
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Urban Mix) 6:06
B. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Instrumental) 4:26
CD Video: Mercury / 080 032-2 (UK, PAL)
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Audio) 4:10
"The Marauders" (Audio) 4:13
"When in Love With a Blind Man" (Audio) 2:22
"Pharaohs" (Audio) 3:39
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Video) 4:41
CD Video: Mercury / 870 745-2 (US, NTSC)
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Audio) 4:10
"The Marauders" (Audio) 4:13
"When in Love With a Blind Man" (Audio) 2:22
"Pharaohs" (Audio) 3:39
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Video) 4:41
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Saturnine Martial & Lunatic and Mix.
Tears for Fears
Roland Orzabal guitar, keyboards, vocals
Curt Smith keyboard bass, lead vocals
Ian Stanley keyboards, LinnDrum programming, Oberheim DMX
Manny Elias drums, Oberheim DMX
Additional personnel
Neil Taylor electric and acoustic guitar
Chris Hughes producer, drums, Oberheim DMX, MIDI programming
Dave Bascombe engineer
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
All-time charts
Certifications and sales
Covers and re-releases
Everybody Wants to Run the World
"Everybody Wants to Run the World" is a re-recording of the band's song "Everybody Wants to Rule the World". The reworked single was released in 1986 as the theme song for the Sport Aid campaign, a charitable event held to raise money for famine relief in Africa. It was a success in the UK Singles Chart, becoming the band's sixth top 5 hit, peaking at number 5 in June 1986. The song also reached number 4 in Ireland.
Lorde version
New Zealand singer Lorde recorded a cover of the song for the soundtrack of The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013). The cover was produced by Peter Shurkin and Natalie Baartz with arrangement by Michael A. Levine and Lucas Cantor. It was later used in the cinematic trailer of Assassin's Creed Unity at E3 2014, promotional videos for the BBC First network, and the 2015 BBC TV series Banished. It was also used during season 4 of Homeland. Orzabal praised Lorde for reinventing the cover, stating that the group finds it interesting when artists take what they do and reinterpret it. For their Rule the World Tour, the duo uses this version to launch their show.
Critics were positively receptive to the cover, some praised it for its darker atmosphere mood although others criticized it for stripping away the song's original upbeat composition. David Haglund from Slate stated that while the song "doesn't top the great original, it does memorably reinvent it." Sam Lansky from Idolator called the cover "haunting and melodramatic". Conversely, Stereogum editor Nate Patrin criticized the chorus and production but praised the "aloof strangeness" in Lorde's vocals for being able to carry the song "past the usual Dramatic Reenvisionings." Paste included the cover at number 8 on their 2013 year-end list for covers. Her cover appeared on the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 14. It reached number 53 in Australia, number 65 in the United Kingdom, number 93 in France, and number 27 on the US Hot Rock Songs chart.
Weekly charts
Certifications
See also
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1985
List of Cash Box Top 100 number-one singles of 1985
List of number-one dance singles of 1985 (U.S.)
List of number-one singles of 1985 (Canada)
List of number-one singles from the 1980s (New Zealand)
References
1985 songs
1985 singles
1986 singles
Tears for Fears songs
Lorde songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Cashbox number-one singles
Number-one singles in New Zealand
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Brit Award for British Single
Music videos directed by Nigel Dick
Phonogram Records singles
Mercury Records singles
Vertigo Records singles
Republic Records singles
Songs written by Ian Stanley
Songs written by Roland Orzabal
The Hunger Games music
Signature songs
Song recordings produced by Chris Hughes (record producer) |
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