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30804283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagasaki%201st%20district | Nagasaki 1st district | Nagasaki 1st district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It is located in Southwestern Nagasaki and covers the city of Nagasaki without the former towns of Kinkai and Sotome. As of 2009, 353,871 eligible voters were registered in the district.
Before the electoral reform of 1994, Nagasaki city was part of the multi-member Nagasaki 1st district where five Representatives had been elected by single non-transferable vote.
The district has been leaning towards the Democratic Party and its predecessors since its creation. Only in a 1998 by-election, Liberal Democrat Masakazu Kuranari, the eldest son of Tadashi Kuranari, longtime former Representative for the multi-member 1st district, could win the seat, but lost it to Democrat Yoshiaki Takaki in the following general election of 2000.
List of representatives
Election results
References
Districts of the House of Representatives (Japan) |
2796612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain%20scale | Pain scale | A pain scale measures a patient's pain intensity or other features. Pain scales are a common communication tool in medical contexts, and are used in a variety of medical settings. Pain scales are a necessity to assist with better assessment of pain and patient screening. Pain measurements help determine the severity, type, and duration of the pain, and are used to make an accurate diagnosis, determine a treatment plan, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Accurately measuring pain is a necessity in medical settings, especially if the pain measurement is going to be used as a screening tool, either for potential diseases or medical problems, or as a type of triage to determine urgency of one patient over another. Pain scales are based on trust, cartoons (behavioral), or imaginary data, and are available for neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, seniors, and persons whose communication is impaired. Pain assessments are often regarded as "the 5th Vital Sign".
It is important to understand what features of pain scales are most useful, least useful, and which aid in understanding. In fact, a patient’s self-reported pain is so critical in the pain assessment method that it has been described as the “most valid measure” of pain. The focus on patient report of pain is an essential aspect of any pain scale, but there are additional features that should be included in a pain scale. In addition to focusing on the patient’s perspective, a pain scale should also be free of bias, accurate and reliable, able to differentiate between pain and other undesired emotions, absolute not relative, and able to act as a predictor or screening tool.
Partial list of pain measurement scales
Alder Hey Triage Pain Score
Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS)
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI)
Clinical Global Impression (CGI)
COMFORT scale
Color Scale for Pain
Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)
Dallas Pain Questionnaire
Descriptor differential scale (DDS)
Dolorimeter Pain Index (DPI)
Edmonton Symptom Assessment System
Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability scale
Faces Pain Scale – Revised (FPS-R)
Global Pain Scale
Lequesne algofunctional index: a composite measure of pain and disability, with separate self-report questionnaires for hip and knee OA (osteoarthritis):
Original index (1987)
1991 revision
1997 revision
Mankoski Pain Scale
McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)
Multiple Pain Rating Scales
Neck Pain and Disability Scale –NPAD
Numerical 11 point box (BS-11)
Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11)
Oswestry Disability Index
Palliative Care Outcome Scale (PCOS)
Roland-Morris Back Pain Questionnaire
Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS)
Wharton Impairment and Pain Scale (WIPS)
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
Visual analog scale (VAS)
Specialized tests
Abbey pain scale for people with end-stage dementia
AUSCAN: Disease-Specific, to assess hand osteoarthritis outcomes.
Colorado Behavioral Numerical Pain Scale (for sedated patients)
CPOT For those who can’t self report
Osteoarthritis Research Society International-Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (OARSI-OMERACT) Initiative, New OA Pain Measure: Disease-Specific, Osteoarthritis Pain
Oucher Scale for Pediatrics
Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD)
Pediatric Pain Questionnaire (PPQ) for measuring pain in children
Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) for measuring pain in premature infants
Schmidt Sting Pain Index and Starr sting pain scale both for insect stings
WOMAC : Disease-Specific, to assess knee osteoarthritis outcomes.
Numeric rating scale
The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) is an 11-point scale for patient self-reporting of pain. It is based solely on the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and can be used for adults and children 10 years old or older.
Pain interferes with a person's ability to perform ADLs. Pain also interferes with a person's ability to concentrate, and to think. A sufficiently strong pain can be disabling on a person's concentration and coherent thought, even though it is not strong enough to prevent that person's performance of ADLs. However, there is no system available for measuring concentration and thought.
In endometriosis
The most common pain scale for quantification of endometriosis-related pain is the visual analogue scale (VAS). A review came to the conclusion that VAS and numerical rating scale (NRS) were the best adapted pain scales for pain measurement in endometriosis. For research purposes, and for more detailed pain measurement in clinical practice, the review suggested use of VAS or NRS for each type of typical pain related to endometriosis (dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia and non-menstrual chronic pelvic pain), combined with the clinical global impression (CGI) and a quality of life scale.
See also
SOCRATES (pain assessment)
Pain management in children
Notes
Pain |
63512369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salemann | Salemann | Salemann () is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Carl Salemann (1850–1916), Russian Iranologist
(1859–1919), Russian sculptor
Russian-language surnames |
15578225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servanches | Servanches | Servanches (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Dordogne département
References
Communes of Dordogne |
37278360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy%20Leibl | Tammy Leibl | Tammy Leibl (aka Tammy Webb; Tammy June Webb-Liley; and Tammy Liley, born March 5/6, 1965 in Long Beach, California) is a retired American female indoor volleyball and beach volleyball player. She played college volleyball at Arizona State University and won the bronze medal with the U.S. national team at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Olympics and national team
Tammy joined the U.S.A. National Volleyball team in 1987 and was a member of the team for ten years, retiring in 1996. Tammy played in 3 Olympic Games including Seoul (1988) Barcelona (1992) and Atlanta (1996) all under head coach Terry Liskevych. Tammy was team captain from 1993–1996 and was the first American women to play in over 400 international matches.
Her Olympic teammates include: Caren Kemner, Laurel Kessel, Liz Masakayan, Jayne McHugh, Melissa McLinden, Kim Oden, Keba Phipps, Kim Ruddins, Angela Rock, Liane Sato, Janet Cobbs, Tara Cross-Battle, Lori Endicott, Ruth Lawanson, Elaina Oden, Paula Weishoff, Teee Williams, Yoko Zetterlund, Kristin Klein, Bev Oden, Danielle Scott and Elaine Youngs.
Some other noteworthy events Tammy’s career include:
1996 Olympic Games, Atlanta, USA
1995 World Cup, World Grand Prix (Gold), Canada Cup (Gold), Pan American Games (Silver)
1994 World Championship, World Grand Prix
1993 FIVB Grand Champions Cup, NORCECA Championships (Silver)
1992 Olympics (Bronze), Barcelona, Spain, FIVB Super Four (Bronze)
1991 World Cup, NORCECA (Silver)
1990 World Championship (bronze), Goodwill Games
1989 NORCECA (bronze)
1988 Olympics, Seoul, Korea
1987 Pan American Games
Professional indoor volleyball
Played for Dayvit in Brazilian League 1997–98 winning Paulista Championship under Olympic Gold Medal coach Jose Roberto Guimaraes along with Anna Moser and other Brazilian national team players. Also played in Italian League for Spezzano 1996–1997 under current women’s Bulgarian national team coach Giovanni Guidetti. In 1995–96 named League MVP as member of Utah Predators of the National Volleyball Association. Also played for Racing Club in France during winter of 1991–92.
Beach volleyball
Won AVP Rookie of the Year in 2004 at age of 39. During a 4-year career on the AVP Tammy earned $104,248 and seven 3rd-place finishes, playing most of her tournaments with partner Dianne DeNecochea. Tammy was coached by Angela Rock and Joel DeNecochea. During her four-person beach career Tammy was named to Bud Light Pro Beach Volleyball Tour All-League Team in 1994 and 1993 as a member of '94-champs, Team Sony Autosound and '93-champs Team Champion.
College and high school
All-America and All-Pac-10 Conference performer as junior and senior (1985–86) at Arizona State University. Inducted into ASU Hall of Fame in 1996 and was nominated for PAC-10 Female Athlete of the Decade. Member of 1985 World University Games Team. Earned All-America recognition from the National Strength and Conditioning Association for her work in the Sun Devil weight room. Coached at ASU by Debbie Brown (former USA national team player and assistant coach).
She graduated class of 1983 from Ocean View High School, Huntington Beach, California. She played 2 years of Seahawk volleyball, coached by Tom Thorton, where she was named first-team All-Sunset League her senior year. She also lettered in basketball, track, and softball. Played for the Cal Juniors Club Team. Was named to the 1983 Volleyball Monthly Fab 50 Roster, and further honored as a member of the All-Time 50 Elite. She played on the volleyball team for three years and was named to the All-Sunset League first team as a senior.
Liley then played volleyball at Arizona State. She was an All-American in 1985 and 1986, her junior and senior years.
International
Liley joined the U.S. national team in 1987. She played in the 1988 Summer Olympics and 1992 Summer Olympics, helping the U.S. win the bronze medal in 1992. In 1993, she became the team captain and was named the USOC Female Volleyball Athlete of the Year. She was the first woman to play 400 international matches for the U.S.
Awards and honors
FIVB All-World Team - 1995
Inducted into Arizona State University Hall of Fame – 1996
U.S.A. Volleyball Most Valuable Player – 1993
All-Tournament Team at 1994 Canada Cup
All-Tournament Team at 1994BCV Volley Cup
USOC Female Volleyball Athlete of the Year – 1993
Nominee for PAC-10 Female Athlete of the Decade
2004 AVP Rookie of the Year
Personal
Liley was born in Long Beach, California. She is 5 feet, 11 inches tall. She married Brad Liley in 1989.
She is currently coaching at the Wave Volleyball Club in Del Mar and also serves as an assistant coach of the women’s volleyball team at the University of San Diego under Head Coach Jennifer Petrie. She is married to Geoff Leibl and has two sons, Tyler and Noah.
References
External links
USD Toreros Asst. Coach
Sun Devils Athletics
Leibl Completes ASU Degree
Leibl Completes ASU Degree AZCentral
Volleyball Coaches Cherish Olympics Experience
1965 births
Living people
American women's volleyball players
American women's beach volleyball players
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in volleyball
Volleyball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Arizona State Sun Devils women's volleyball players
Volleyball players from Long Beach, California
People from Del Mar, California
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 1990 Goodwill Games |
53381926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish%20Out%20of%20Water%20%28video%20game%29 | Fish Out of Water (video game) | Fish Out of Water is a 2013 game developed by Halfbrick Studios.
Gameplay
The player throws three swimmers from a selection of 6 fish (or rather fish and mammals) one at a time. Each fish has a unique optimal way to throw. After three fish are thrown a panel of 5 crabs judge the player with each crab having its own likes and dislikes on a scale of 1 to 10. There is a boost bar which allows the player to increase the velocity of the fish being thrown and boosting units floating on the game field, named boosties in-game, that will be collected if a swimmer comes close to them. There are also achievements to be completed.
Removability
The game is no longer available on the App Store as of October 2021. It is unknown when the game was removed.
Reception
Fish Out of Water got mostly mixed reviews. Gamezebo gave the game 4.5 stars praising the "great presentation", the quirky personality of the fish and judges" and that the game is "easy to pick up" while criticizing the limited replay value and the missions/objectives getting repetitive after a while. IGN called the game as not having "that same finger-licking, addictive goodness found in Halfbrick's previous hits Jetpack Joyride or Fruit Ninja".
References
2013 video games
Fish in popular culture
IOS games |
68661019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%20Creek%20%28Lawson%20Creek%20tributary%29 | Stokes Creek (Lawson Creek tributary) | Stokes Creek is a long 3rd order tributary to Lawsons Creek in Halifax County, Virginia.
Course
Stokes Creek rises about 1.5 miles west-southwest of Cluster Springs, Virginia, and then flows northeast and turns northwest to join Lawsons Creek about 0.5 miles southwest of Riverdale.
Watershed
Stokes Creek drains of area, receives about 45.7 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 436.45, and is about 45% forested.
See also
List of Virginia Rivers
References
Watershed Maps
Rivers of Virginia
Rivers of Halifax County, Virginia
Tributaries of the Roanoke River |
4557944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byasa%20dasarada | Byasa dasarada | Byasa dasarada, the great windmill, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the windmills genus, Byasa, comprising tailed black swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents.
Range and status
Northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, south-eastern China (including Hainan island (Guangdong province)).
The great windmill is not rare or threatened.
Subspecies
There are five subspecies. The following occur in the Indian neighbourhood:
B. d. dasarada Moore. Sikkim to Assam. Not rare.
B. d. ravana Moore. Kashmir to Kumaon. Not rare.
B. d. barata Rothschild. Myanmar. Rare.
Description
Wingspan: 100 to 140 mm.
The butterflies resemble the common windmill but are usually larger with broader tails.
The upper hindwing marginal crescent is white or cream-coloured.
Sexes similar. The female often has a complete discal band of white spots on the hindwing.
The butterfly is considered to be beautiful in appearance.
Habits
The great windmill is a woodland butterfly. It can often be spotted slowly and gracefully flying across clearings. It flies between in the spring and summer. Its habits resemble those of the common windmill.
Life cycle
Egg
Not described.
Larva
The ground colour of the larva varies in shades of grey and has a pattern of black lines. It has an orange osmeterium. The larva has a large number of tubercles arranged in two lateral and two sub-dorsal rows. The third and fourth segments have an additional pair of tubercles. The tubercles all have red tips, except those on the seventh and eighth segments which are almost entirely dirty white and the eleventh segment which has the same colour on just the tips of the tubercles.
Pupa
Pupa is yellow green with blue bands. It has an orange protuberance on its back. It is attached to its support by a black body and anal pad. The pupa emits a squeak when touched.
Food plant
Aristolochia griffithi
Gallery
See also
Byasa
Papilionidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)
References
External links
Global Butterfly Information System Lectotype text, images
Byasa
Butterflies of Asia |
43637289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Camacho | Christian Camacho | Christian Camacho (born July 11, 1988) is an American soccer player of Colombian descent who currently plays for New Amsterdam FC in the National Independent Soccer Association.
Career
Camacho left the United States in 2005 to play in Moldova with FC Zaria Bălți, before returning to the US to play with USL PDL clubs Brooklyn Knights and Westchester Flames.
Camacho returned to Moldova, again with FC Zaria Bălți, before transferring to FC Sfântul Gheorghe in 2011.
On August 13, 2014 Camacho signed with USL Pro club Dayton Dutch Lions.
References
1988 births
Living people
American soccer players
Brooklyn Knights players
Westchester Flames players
Dayton Dutch Lions players
F.A. Euro players
New Amsterdam FC players
Association football midfielders
Soccer players from New York (state)
USL League Two players
National Independent Soccer Association players
American sportspeople of Colombian descent
Sportspeople from New York City
American expatriate sportspeople
Expatriate footballers in Moldova
American expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
FC Bălți players
FC Sfîntul Gheorghe players |
56709442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xp11.2%20duplication | Xp11.2 duplication | Xp11.2 duplication is a genomic variation marked by the duplication of an X chromosome region on the short arm p at position 11.2, defined by standard karyotyping (G-banding). This gene-rich, rearrangement prone region can be further divided into three loci - Xp11.21, Xp11.22 and Xp11.23. The duplication could involve any combination of these three loci. While the length of the duplication can vary from 0.5Mb to 55 Mb, most duplications measure about 4.5Mb and typically occur in the region of 11.22-11.23. Most affected females show preferential activation of the duplicated X chromosome. Features of affected individuals vary significantly, even among members of the same family. The Xp11.2 duplication can be 'silent' - presenting no obvious symptoms in carriers - which is known from the asymptomatic parents of affected children carrying the duplication. The common symptoms include intellectual disabilities, speech delay and learning difficulties, while in rare cases, children have seizures and a recognizable brain wave pattern when assessed by EEG (electroencephalography).
Symptoms and signs
Information on the clinical symptoms and features is taken from the Human Phenotype Ontology database and the Unique database. All affected individuals needn't show all the symptoms. Some of the most noted features are:
Intellectual and Learning Disabilities
Speech delay
Early puberty
Significant weight and height problems
Lower-extremity anomalies (anomalies of the legs and/ or feet)
Epileptic Seizures
Unusual pattern of EEG with centro-temporal focal spike waves in children
Minor facial features
Intellectual and Learning Disabilities
Among people who need support with their learning, at least 3% are believed to carry the duplication. It is noted that affected members of the same family with the same Xp11.2 microduplication generally have similar learning profiles. Children with small duplications of 0.5-1.3 Mb seem to have a mild learning difficulty, while others with the typical duplication of around 4.5 Mb generally have a borderline, mild or moderate learning disability. An extreme case with a very large duplication of 55 Mb has shown to have a severe intellectual disability.
Speech Delay
Speech is very commonly affected and usually the first sign. Both speech and comprehension seem to be affected, to various degrees of extent. Low facial muscle tone underlies difficulty in making certain sounds of speech. Nasal or hoarse voice are also observed. Babies are known to be unable to suck from breast in their infancy due to weak facial muscles.
Early Puberty
Early puberty occurs in 80% of the affected children or adults, with girls starting their menstrual cycles as early as age 9 and boys showing signs of puberty at age 8.5. One boy from Unique had completed puberty by age 13.
Weight problems
Affected children show tendency to be overweight. This might indicate metabolism issues.
Lower-extremity Anomalies
Anomalies of lower limbs or feet are common in people with an Xp11.2 duplication, affecting about 71% cases. Features include flat feet, arched feet (pes cavus), clubfoot (talipes), narrow feet, webbed or joined toes/fingers (syndactyly), 5th finger clinodactyly, 5th toe hypoplasia, and tapering fingers.
Unusual EEG Pattern
A typical pattern of electrical activity in the brain of affected children, described as ‘subclinical seizures’ has been noted. A peculiar electroencephalographic pattern characterized by rolandic-like spikes and/or continuous spike wave during slow sleep (CSWS), also called centro-temporal focal spike, exists in childhood.
Minor Facial Features
The common unusual features include a short or flat groove between the nose and upper lip (philtrum), a large, high or deep nasal bridge, bushy eyebrows and/or uni-brow (synophrys), and thin lips.
Cause
Using array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) to screen 2,400 individuals with isolated or syndromic mental retardation for copy number variation, Giorda et al. (2009) identified 8 (0.33%) unrelated individuals, 2 males and 6 females, with a microduplication at chromosome Xp11.23-p11.22. The rearrangement was familial in 3 patients. A female patient shared a 4.5-Mb duplication with her affected mother and sister, and an unrelated male patient shared a 4.5-Mb duplication with his affected mother and sister. A third unrelated male inherited a smaller 0.8-Mb duplication from his unaffected mother. Three additional individuals had de novo 4.5-Mb duplications, and 2 more had partially overlapping de novo 6.0- and 9.2-Mb duplications. Paternal origin of the duplication was demonstrated in all de novo female cases. Six affected females had selective inactivation of the normal X chromosome, whereas 3 had random X inactivation. Breakpoints could be identified in 8 individuals. The recurrent duplication was flanked distally by a segmental duplication (D-REP at 47.8-48.2 Mb) containing a cluster of genes and pseudogenes of the synovial sarcoma X breakpoint (SSX) and proximally by a complex repeat (P-REP at 52.1-53.1 Mb) rich in SSX, melanoma antigen and X antigen (XAGE) genes. Sequence analysis of the junctions demonstrated that the recurrent 4.5-Mb duplications were mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) or Alu-mediated recombination. The majority of these recombinations occurred between flanking complex segmental duplications. Region of duplication and copy number variation can be further confirmed by Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) and PCR.
Genetics
The duplication at Xp11.2, especially the Xp11.22-11.23 region is syndromic and is implicated in X-linked mental retardation. The chromosomal duplication can be de novo or familial. Familial carriers of small duplication (<1 Mb) show X-linked recessive inheritance. All other affected individuals with larger duplication present dominant expression and comparable clinical phenotypes irrespective of sex, duplication size, and X-inactivation pattern.
Xp11.22 comprises approximately 5 Mb of DNA (chrX:49,800,001–54,800,000, hg19). A number of pathogenic deletions and duplications involving Xp11.22 have been described in individuals with developmental delay, intellectual disability and/or autism. These phenotypes have been attributed to changes in the copy number of several genes including HUWE1, KDM5C, IQSEC2, TSPYL2, SHROOM4, PHF8 and FAM120C.
HUWE1
The HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing protein 1 (HUWE1) is a HECT family ubiquitin ligase located on the X chromosome at Xp11.22 with growing genetic links to cancer and intellectual disability. Expression of the HUWE1 gene is found in several mouse tissues including cortex, hippocampus, tongue, eye, kidney, liver, adrenal gland, and fibroblasts. Increased copies of HUWE1 are associated with non-syndromic intellectual disability. Missense mutations in HUWE1 occur in multiple families with intellectual disability, including families with Juberg-Marsidi-Brooks syndrome. Patients with missense mutations in HUWE1 share clinical features with patients with a duplication of HUWE1. This suggests both increased and decreased HUWE1 function could be associated with intellectual disability, but evidence from an in vivo model system supporting or refuting this possibility remains absent.
KDM5C
KDM5C (Lysine-Specific Demethylase 5C) also known as jumonji, A/T-rich interactive domain 1C (JARID1C) is located on the X chromosome at Xp11.22-p11.21. The gene encodes a 1560 amino-acid protein that belongs to the JARID1 subfamily of Arid DNA-binding proteins. The protein possesses H3K4me3-specific demethylase activity and is shown to function as a transcriptional repressor through the RE-1-silencing transcription factor (REST) complex.
The mutations in KDM5C cause Claes-Jensen type syndromic X-linked Intellectual Disability characterized by moderate-to-severe ID, speech abnormalities and other clinical findings such as seizures and aggressive behavior in some individuals. There is also a report of a mutation in a patient with autism spectrum disorder. A study showed that Kdm5c-knockout mice exhibit adaptive and cognitive abnormalities similar to those in human X-linked intellectual disability and concluded that histone methylation dynamics sculpt the neuronal network.
IQSEC2
IQ motif and Sec7 domain 2 (IQSEC2), also known as BRAG1 or IQ-ARFGEF, is located on the X chromosome at Xp11.22 and encodes guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins (ARFGEF). It is expressed in the neurons and is involved in cytoskeletal organization, dendritic spine morphology, and excitatory synaptic organization.
Mutations in IQSEC2 are widely associated in cases of X-linked non-syndromic mental retardation, with some carrier females reported with learning disabilities. This gene is known to play a significant role in the maintenance of homeostasis within the neural environment of the human brain. A change of guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity may influence the regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and neuronal development in the brain by reduced activation of the ARF6 substrate or a defect in the GTP-binding activity.
Two intragenic duplications predicted to cause termination mutations on the X-chromosome involving IQSEC2 were identified in two de novo cases, and one nonsense mutation was described in three additional male patients presenting severe intellectual disability and additional clinical features including neonatal hypotonia, delayed motor skills, seizures, strabismus, autistic-like behavior, stereotypic midline hand movements, microcephaly, little-to-no walking, little-to-no language skills, significant behavioral issues, and mildly abnormal facial features. A novel de novo mutation in the IQSEC2 gene identified through diagnostic exome sequencing showed significant developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, vision impairments, plagiocephaly, autistic-like features, absent language skills, and abnormal MRI findings. IQSEC2 gene plays a larger role in the cause of X-linked cognitive impairment than previously thought. Additional consideration is warranted with regards to the syndromic nature of its phenotypic association.
TSPYL2
Testis-Specific Protein Y-encoded (TSPY) Like 2 (TSPYL2) codes for a member of the TSPY-like/SET/nucleosome assembly protein-1 superfamily and is located on the X chromosome at Xp11.22. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleolus where it functions in chromatin remodeling and as an inhibitor of cell-cycle progression. Consistent with a possible role for Tspyl2 pathways in neurodevelopment, Xp11.2 microduplication incorporating the TSPYL2 locus has been reported in male patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
SHROOM4
Shroom Family Member 4 (SHROOM4), also known as KIAA1202, encodes a member of the APX/Shroom family, which contains an N-terminal PDZ domain and a C-terminal ASD2 motif. It is located on the X chromosome at Xp11.22 and is mainly associated with the Stocco dos Santos X-linked mental retardation syndrome characterized by cognitive disabilities. The encoded protein may play a role in cytoskeletal architecture. Symptoms of SHROOM4 gene mutations in the original family described by Stocco dos Santos include severe intellectual disability, bilateral congenital hip luxation and short stature. The SHROOM4 gene was also found to be disrupted in two unrelated females with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. Other features included delayed or no speech, seizures, kyphosis and hyperactivity. Carrier females displayed seizures and depression. No mutations in SHROOM4 were identified in more than 1000 control X chromosomes.
See also
X-linked Intellectual Disability
References
External links
NCBI Map Viewer
Rare genetic syndromes
Genetic diseases and disorders |
49870370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Auspitz | Rudolf Auspitz | Rudolf Auspitz (Vienna, 7 July 1837 - Vienna, 10 March 1906) was an Austrian industrialist, economist, politician, and banker. He was the father of artist Josefine Winter (1873-1943)
In 1874, together with his cousins, the siblings Leopold, Adolf, Richard, Ida and Helene Lieben, Auspitz purchased the property Universitätsring 4 / Löwelbastei 22 / Oppoltzergasse 6, built by the Wiener Baugesellschaft,
References
1837 births
1906 deaths
Politicians from Vienna
Jewish Austrian politicians
Austro-Hungarian Jews
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1873–1879)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1879–1885)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1885–1891)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1891–1897)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1897–1900)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1901–1907)
Members of the Moravian Diet
Austrian bankers
Austrian economists
Austrian industrialists
19th-century Austrian businesspeople |
20878009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20formal%20garden | French formal garden | The French formal garden, also called the (literally, "garden in the French manner" in French), is a style of garden based on symmetry and the principle of imposing order on nature. Its epitome is generally considered to be the Gardens of Versailles designed during the 17th century by the landscape architect André Le Nôtre for Louis XIV and widely copied by other European courts. Power in its connection to the French formal garden went beyond imposing it upon nature. Gardens like Versailles were symbols of political, monarchal power ,with one quote stating, The palace was built to impress. "Versailles is a mirage, a sumptuous and theatrical entertainment. It is also a manifestation of glory and power imposed to a great extent by art, luxury, and magnificence." This "manifestation of glory and power" The idea that art and culture can convey power, status, or influence is known as "soft power", or the kind of international influence that is leveraged through tools like culture and art.
History
Renaissance influence
The jardin à la française evolved from the French Renaissance garden, a style which was inspired by the Italian Renaissance garden at the beginning of the 16th century. The Italian Renaissance garden, typified by the Boboli Gardens in Florence and the Villa Medici in Fiesole, was characterized by planting beds, or parterres, created in geometric shapes, and laid out symmetrical patterns; the use of fountains and cascades to animate the garden; stairways and ramps to unite different levels of the garden; grottos, labyrinths, and statuary on mythological themes. The gardens were designed to represent harmony and order, the ideals of the Renaissance, and to recall the virtues of Ancient Rome. Additionally, the symmetry of French gardens was a continuation of the Renaissance themes of harmony. French gardens were symmetrical and well manicured to represent order, and this idea of orderliness extended to French society at the time.
Following his campaign in Italy in 1495, where he saw the gardens and castles of Naples, King Charles VIII brought Italian craftsmen and garden designers, such as Pacello da Mercogliano, from Naples and ordered the construction of Italian-style gardens at his residence at the Château d'Amboise and at Château Gaillard, another private résidence in Amboise. His successor Henry II, who had also travelled to Italy and had met Leonardo da Vinci, created an Italian nearby at the Château de Blois. Beginning in 1528, King Francis I created new gardens at the Château de Fontainebleau, which featured fountains, parterres, a forest of pine trees brought from Provence, and the first artificial grotto in France. The Château de Chenonceau had two gardens in the new style, one created for Diane de Poitiers in 1551, and a second for Catherine de' Medici in 1560.
In 1536 the architect Philibert de l'Orme, upon his return from Rome, created the gardens of the Château d'Anet following the Italian rules of proportion. The carefully prepared harmony of Anet, with its parterres and surfaces of water integrated with sections of greenery, became one of the earliest and most influential examples of the classic French garden. Today, water remains a key garden design in the form of round pools and long ponds.
While the gardens of the French Renaissance were much different in their spirit and appearance than those of the Middle Ages, they were still not integrated with the architecture of the châteaux, and were usually enclosed by walls. In French garden design, the chateau or home was supposed to be the visual focal point. The different parts of the gardens were not harmoniously joined together, and they were often placed on difficult sites chosen for terrain easy to defend, rather than for beauty. All this was to change in the middle of the 17th century with the development of the first real garden à la française.
Vaux-le-Vicomte
The first important garden à la française was the Chateau of Vaux-le-Vicomte, created for Nicolas Fouquet, the Superintendent of Finances to Louis XIV, beginning in 1656. Fouquet commissioned Louis Le Vau to design the chateau, Charles Le Brun to design statues for the garden, and André Le Nôtre to create the gardens. It was for the first time that the garden and the chateau were perfectly integrated. A grand perspective of 1500 meters extended from the foot of the chateau to the statue of the Farnese Hercules, and the space was filled with parterres of evergreen shrubs in ornamental patterns, bordered by coloured sand, and the alleys were decorated at regular intervals by statues, basins, fountains, and carefully sculpted topiaries. "The symmetry attained at Vaux achieved a degree of perfection and unity rarely equalled in the art of classic gardens. The chateau is at the center of this strict spatial organization, which symbolizes power and success."
Gardens of Versailles
The Gardens of Versailles, created by André Le Nôtre between 1662 and 1700, were the greatest achievement of the Garden à la française. They were the largest gardens in Europe, with an area of 15,000 hectares, and were laid out on an east–west axis followed the course of the sun: the sun rose over the Court of Honor, lit the Marble Court, crossed the Chateau and lit the bedroom of the King, and set at the end of the Grand Canal, reflected in the mirrors of the Hall of Mirrors. In contrast with the grand perspectives, reaching to the horizon, the garden was full of surprises – fountains, small gardens filled with statuary, which provided a more human scale and intimate spaces.
The central symbol of the garden was the sun; the emblem of Louis XIV, illustrated by the statue of Apollo in the central fountain of the garden. "The views and perspectives, to and from the palace, continued to infinity. The king ruled over nature, recreating in the garden not only his domination of his territories, but over the court and his subjects."
Decline
André Le Nôtre died in 1700, but his pupils and his ideas continued to dominate the design of gardens in France through the reign of Louis XV. His nephew, Claude Desgots, created the garden at Château de Bagnolet (Seine-Saint-Denis) for Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (1717) and at Champs (Seine-et-Marne), and another relative, , created gardens for Madame de Pompadour at Crécy (Eure-et-Loir) in 1746 and Bellevue (Hauts-de-Seine) in 1748–50. The major inspiration for gardens continued to be architecture, rather than nature – the architect Ange-Jacques Gabriel designed elements of the gardens at Versailles, Choisy (Val-de-Marne), and Compiègne.
Nonetheless, a few variations in the strict geometry of the garden à la française began to appear. Elaborate parterres of broderies, with their curves and counter-curves, were replaced by parterres of grass bordered with flowerbeds, which were easier to maintain. Circles became ovals, called rotules, with alleys radiating outward in the shape of an 'x', and irregular octagon shapes appeared. Gardens began to follow the natural landscape, rather than moving earth to shape the ground into artificial terraces. Limited colors were available at the time as well. Traditionally , French gardens included blue, pink, white, and mauve.
The middle of the 18th century saw spread in popularity of the new English landscape garden, created by British aristocrats and landowners, and the Chinese style, brought to France by Jesuit priests from the Court of the Emperor of China. These styles rejected symmetry in favor of nature and rustic scenes and brought an end to the reign of the symmetrical garden à la française. In many French parks and estates, the garden closest to the house was kept in the traditional à la française style, but the rest of the park was transformed into the new style, called variously jardin à l'anglaise (the English garden), "anglo-chinois", exotiques, or "pittoresques". This marked the end of the age of the garden à la française and the arrival in France of the jardin paysager, or landscape garden, which was inspired not by architecture but by painting, literature and philosophy.
Theorists and gardeners
Jacques Boyceau, sieur de la Barauderie (c. 1560–1633) the superintendent of royal gardens under Louis XIII, became the first theorist of the new French style. His book, Traité du jardinage selon les raisons de la nature et de l'art. Ensemble divers desseins de parterres, pelouzes, bosquets et autres ornements was published after his death in 1638. Its sixty-one engravings of designs for parterres and bosquets made it a style book for gardens, which influenced the design the Palais du Luxembourg, the Jardin des Tuileries, and the gardens of Saint Germain-en-Laye.
Claude Mollet (ca 1564-shortly before 1649), was the chief gardener of three French kings: Henry IV, Louis XIII, and the young Louis XIV. His father was head gardener at the Château d'Anet, where Italian formal gardening was introduced to France and where Claude apprenticed. His son was André Mollet, who took the French style to the Netherlands, Sweden and England.
André Le Nôtre (1613–1700) was the most important figure in the history of the French garden. The son of the gardener of Louis XIII, he worked on the plans of Vaux-le-Vicomte, before becoming the chief gardener of Louis XIV between 1645 and 1700, and the designer of the Gardens of Versailles, the greatest garden project of the age. The gardens he created became the symbols of French grandeur and rationality, setting the style for European gardens until the arrival of the English landscape park in the 18th century.
Joseph-Antoine Dezallier d'Argenville (1680–1765) wrote Théorie et traité de jardinage, laid out the principles of the garden à la française, and included drawings and designs of gardens and parterres. It was reprinted many times, and was found in the libraries of aristocrats across Europe.
Principles
Jacques Boyceau de La Barauderie wrote in 1638 in his Traité du jardinage, selon les raisons de la nature et de l'art that "the principal reason for the existence of a garden is the esthetic pleasure which it gives to the spectator."
The form of the French garden was largely fixed by the middle of the 17th century. It had the following elements, which became typical of the formal French garden:
a geometric plan using the most recent discoveries of perspective and optics
a terrace overlooking the garden, allowing the visitor to see all at once the entire garden. As the French landscape architect Olivier de Serres wrote in 1600, "It is desirable that the gardens should be seen from above, either from the walls, or from terraces raised above the parterres."
all vegetation is constrained and directed to demonstrate the mastery of man over nature. Trees are planted in straight lines and carefully trimmed, and their tops are trimmed at a set height
the residence serves as the central point of the garden and its central ornament. No trees are planted close to the house; rather, the house is set apart by low parterres and trimmed bushes
a central axis, or perspective, perpendicular to the facade of the house, on the side opposite the front entrance. The axis extends either all the way to the horizon (Versailles) or to piece of statuary or architecture (Vaux-le-Vicomte). The axis faces either South (Vaux-le-Vicomte, Meudon) or east–west (Tuileries, Clagny, Trianon, Sceaux). The principal axis is composed of a lawn, or a basin of water, bordered by trees. The principal axis is crossed by one or more perpendicular perspectives and alleys
the most elaborate parterres, or planting beds, in the shape of squares, ovals, circles or scrolls, are placed in a regular and geometric order close to the house, to complement the architecture and to be seen from above from the reception rooms of the house
the parterres near the residence are filled with broderies, designs created with low boxwood to resemble the patterns of a carpet, and given a polychrome effect by plantings of flowers, or by colored brick, gravel or sand
farther from the house, the broderies are replaced with simpler parterres, filled with grass, and often containing fountains or basins of water. Beyond these, small carefully created groves of trees serve as an intermediary between the formal garden and the masses of trees of the park. "The perfect place for a stroll, these spaces present alleys, stars, circles, theaters of greenery, galleries, spaces for balls and for festivities."
bodies of water (canals, basins) serve as mirrors, doubling the size of the house or the trees
the garden is animated with jeux d'eau and pieces of sculpture, usually on mythological themes, which either underline or punctuate the perspectives, and mark the intersections of the axes, and by moving water in the form of cascades and fountains.
Colours, flowers and trees
Ornamental flowers were relatively rare in French gardens in the 17th century and there was a limited range of colours: blue, pink, white and mauve. Brighter colours (yellow, red, orange) would not arrive until about 1730, because of botanical discoveries from around the world brought to Europe. Bulbs of tulips and other exotic flowers came from Turkey and the Netherlands. An important ornamental feature in Versailles and other gardens was the topiary, a tree or bush carved into geometric or fantastic shapes, which were placed in rows along the main axes of the garden, alternating with statues and vases.
At Versailles flower beds were found only at the Grand Trianon and in parterres on the north side of the palace. Flowers were usually brought from Provence, kept in pots, and changed three or four times a year. Palace records from 1686 show that the Palace used 20,050 jonquil bulbs, 23000 cyclamen, and 1700 lily plants.
Most of the trees at Versailles were taken from the forest; they included hornbeam, elm, linden, and beech trees. There were also chestnut trees from Turkey and acacia trees. Large trees were dug up from the forests of Compiègne and Artois and transplanted to Versailles. Many died in transplanting and had to be regularly replaced.
The trees in the park were trimmed both horizontally and flattened at the top, giving them the desired geometric form. Only in the 18th century were they allowed to grow freely.
Parterres de broderie
The parterres de broderie (from the French meaning 'embroidery') is the typical form of French garden design of the Baroque. It is characterised by a symmetrical layout of the flower beds and sheared box hedging to form ornamental patterns known as broderie. Even the arrangement of the flowers is designed to create a harmonious interplay of colours. Frequently found in French Baroque gardens are water gardens, cascades, grottos and statues. Further away from the country house, stately home, chateau or schloss the parterre transitions into the bosquets.
Well known examples are the gardens at the Palace of Versailles in France and the Palace of Augustusburg at Brühl, near Cologne in Germany, which have achieved UNESCO World Heritage status.
As fashions changed, many parterres de broderie of stately homes had to give way in the 19th century to English landscape gardens and have not been reinstated.
Architecture
The designers of the French garden saw their work as a branch of architecture, which simply extended the space of the building to the space outside the walls, and ordered nature according to the rules of geometry, optics and perspective. Gardens were designed like buildings, with a succession of rooms which a visitor could pass through following an established route, hallways, and vestibules with adjoining chambers. They used the language of architecture in their plans; the spaces were referred to as salles, chambres and théâtres of greenery. The "walls" were composed of hedges, and "stairways" of water. On the ground were tapis, or carpets, of grass, brodés, or embroidered, with plants, and the trees were formed into rideaux, or curtains, along the alleys.
Just as architects installed systems of water into the chateaux, they laid out elaborate hydraulic systems to supply the fountains and basins of the garden. Long basins full of water replaced mirrors, and the water from fountains replaced chandeliers. In the bosquet du Marais in the gardens of Versailles, André Le Nôtre placed tables of white and red marble for serving meals. The flowing water in the basins and fountains imitated water pouring into carafes and crystal glasses. The dominant role of architecture in the garden did not change until the 18th century, when the English garden arrived in Europe and the inspiration for gardens began to come not from architecture but from romantic painting.
Theatre
The garden à la française was often used as a setting for plays, spectacles, concerts, and displays of fireworks. In 1664, Louis XIV celebrated a six-day festival in the gardens, with cavalcades, comedies, ballets, and fireworks. Gardens of Versailles included a theatre of water, decorated with fountains and statues of the infancy of the gods (destroyed between 1770 and 1780). Full-size ships were constructed for sailing on the Grand Canal, and the garden had an open-air ballroom surrounded by trees; a water organ, a labyrinth, and a grotto.
Perspective
The architects of the garden à la française did not stop at applying the rules of geometry and perspective to their work. In the first published treatises on gardens, in the 17th century, they devoted chapters to the subject of how to correct or improve perspective, usually to create the illusion of greater distance. This was often done by having alleys become narrower, or having rows of trees that converged, or were trimmed so that they became gradually shorter, as they went farther away from the centre of the garden or from the house. This created the illusion that the perspective was longer and that the garden was larger than it actually was.
Another trick used by French garden designers was the ha-ha (fr: saut de loup). This was a method used to conceal fences which crossed long alleys or perspectives. A deep and wide trench with vertical wall of stone on one side was dug wherever a fence crossed a view, or a fence was placed in bottom of the trench, so that it was invisible to the viewer.
As gardens became more and more ambitious and elaborate through the 17th century, the garden no longer served as a decoration for the chateau. At Chantilly and at Saint-Germain, the chateau became a decorative element of the much larger garden.
Technologies
The appearance of the French garden in the 17th and 18th centuries was a result of the development of several new technologies. The first was géoplastie, the science of moving large amounts of earth. This science had several technological developments. This science had come from the military, following the introduction of cannon and modern siege warfare, when they were required to dig trenches and build walls and earth fortifications quickly. This led to the development of baskets for carrying earth on the back, wheelbarrows, carts and wagons. Andre LeNotre adapted these methods to build the level terraces, and to dig canals and basins on a grand scale.
A second development was in hydrology, bringing water to the gardens for the irrigation of the plants and for use in the many fountains. This development was not fully successful at Versailles, which was on a plateau; even with 221 pumps and a system of canals bringing water from the Seine, and the construction in 1681 of a huge pumping machine, the Machine de Marly, there was still not enough water pressure for all the fountains of Versailles to be turned on at once. Fontainiers were placed along the routes of the King's promenades, and turned on the fountains at each site just before he arrived.
A related development took place in hydroplasie, the art and science of shaping water into different shapes as it came out the fountain. The shape of the water depended upon the force of the water and the shape of the nozzle. New forms created through this art were named tulipe (the tulip), double gerbe (the double sheaf), Girandole(centerpiece) candélabre (candelabra), and corbeille (bouquet), La Boule en l'air (Ball in the air), and L'Evantail (the fan). This art was closely associated with the fireworks of the time, which tried to achieve similar effects with fire instead of water. Both the fountains and fireworks were often accompanied by music, and were designed to show how nature (water and fire) could be shaped by the will of man.
Another important development was in horticulture, in the ability to raise plants from warmer climates in the northern European climate by protecting them inside buildings and bringing them outdoors in pots. The first orangeries were built in France in the 16th century following the introduction of the orange tree after the Italian Wars. The Versailles Orangerie had walls five meters thick, with a double wall that maintains temperatures in winter between . Today it can shelter 1055 trees.
List
Predecessors in the Renaissance Style
Château d'Anet (1536)
Château de Villandry (1536, destroyed in the 19th century and recreated beginning in 1906)
Chateau Fontainebleau (1522–1540)
Château de Chenonceau, gardens of Diane de Poitiers and Catherine de Medici (1559–1570)
Gardens designed by André Le Nôtre
Vaux-le-Vicomte (1658–1661)
Château de Versailles (1662–1700)
Château de Chantilly (1663–1684)
Château de Fontainebleau (1645–1685)
Château de Saint-Cloud (1664–65)
Gardens of the Tuileries Palace (1664)
Grand Canal of Gardens of Versailles (1668–1669)
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1669–1673)
Parc de Sceaux (1670)
Château de Dampierre (1673–1783)
Grand Trianon at Versailles (1687–1688)
Château de Clagny (1674–1680)
Château de Meudon
Château de Cordès (1695)
Château de Pontchartrain
Gardens attributed to André Le Nôtre
Château du Raincy
Château de Courances
Château de Castries
Castle of Racconigi
Later gardens
Château de Breteuil (1730–1784)
19th–21st century
Jardin de la Magalone, Marseille, garden by Eduard Andre, 1891.
Nemours Mansion and Gardens – du Pont estate, early 20th century.
Pavillon de Galon in Cucuron, created in 2004
Gardens outside France
Austria
Mirabell Palace in Salzburg
Belvedere Palace in Vienna (designed by Dominique Girard)
Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna (designed by Jean Trehet)
Augarten in Vienna
Parc of Schloss Hof in Engelhartstetten, Lower Austria
Czech Republic
Vrtba Garden, Prague (1720s)
Gardens of the Wallenstein Palace in Prague
England
Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire (1705–1724)
The Parterre, Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire (1870s)
Germany
Schwetzingen Palace in Schwetzingen, Baden-Württemberg
Weikersheim Castle in Weikersheim, Baden-Württemberg
Ludwigsburg Palace near Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
Gardens of the Würzburg Residence in Würzburg, Bavaria
Schleissheim Palace in Munich, Bavaria
Nymphenburg Palace in Munich, Bavaria
Karlsaue, Kassel, Hesse (built until 1785)
French Garden, Celle in Celle, Lower Saxony
Herrenhausen Gardens, Hanover, Lower Saxony (1676–1680)
Augustusburg and Falkenlust Palaces, Brühl in Brühl (Rhineland), North Rhine-Westphalia
French garden of Schloss Benrath in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia
Italy
Royal Palace of Caserta near Napoli
Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi Palace, Piedmont
Racconigi Palace, Piedmont (1755)
Netherlands
Het Loo Palace in Apeldoorn, Gelderland
Poland
Parc of Nieborów Palace, Łódź Voivodeship (designed by Tylman van Gameren)
Branicki Palace, Białystok, Podlaskie Voivodeship (1737–1771)
Russia
Peterhof Gardens, St. Petersburg (1714–1725)
Summer Garden, St. Petersburg (1712–1725)
Tsarskoe Selo Old Garden in Pushkin (1717–1720)
Kuskovo Estate, Moscow (1750–1780)
Oranienbaum Palace and Garden, west of St. Petersburg
Spain
Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso in San Ildefonso, Segovia
Sweden
Drottningholm Palace gardens outside Stockholm
See also
History of Parks and Gardens of Paris
Notable Gardens of France
French gardens in England (The English House)
Notes
References
Yves-Marie Allain and Janine Christiany, L'art des jardins en Europe, Citadelles et Mazenod, Paris, 2006
Claude Wenzler, Architecture du jardin, Editions Ouest-France, 2003
Lucia Impelluso, Jardins, potagers et labyrinthes, Hazan, Paris, 2007.
Philippe Prevot, Histoire des jardins, Editions Sud Ouest, 2006
Ancien Régime French architecture
Gardens in France
Types of garden by country of origin |
707947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Graham%20%28disambiguation%29 | Stephen Graham (disambiguation) | Stephen Graham (born 1973) is an English film and television actor.
Stephen Graham may also refer to:
Stephen Victor Graham (1874–1955), Governor of American Samoa, 1927–1929
Stephen Graham (author) (1884–1975), British travel writer and novelist
Stephen Graham Jones (born 1972), Native American author of experimental horror crime and science fiction
Stephen Graham (basketball) (born 1982), American NBA basketball player
Steve Graham (born 1962), Australian Paralympic winter sport coach
See also |
20174777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocketful%20of%20Rye | Pocketful of Rye | Pocketful of Rye or pocket full of rye may refer to:
A Pocket Full of Rye, a 1953 detective novel by Agatha Christie
"A pocket full of rye", a lyric from the nursery rhyme, "Sing a Song of Sixpence"
A Pocketful of Rye, a 1969 novel by A. J. Cronin |
67967648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara%20Barck%20Welles | Clara Barck Welles | Clara Pauline Barck Welles (1869–1965) was an American silversmith who from 1910 was also successful as a suffragist. In 1900, after graduating in decorative design from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, she encouraged five of her fellow graduates to join her in creating the Kalo Shop where they produced jewelry, textiles and leather goods. By the late 1930s, she was specializing in silverware, employing 25 silversmiths who were mostly Scandinavian immigrants. Her creations were included in an exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art.
Biography
Born in Ellenville, New York on August 4, 1868, Clara Pauline Barck was the daught of the shoemaker Johannes (John H.) Barck, a Finnish immigrant, and his wife Margaret née Bauman who had emigrated from Switzerland. She was the fourth of the family's six daughters. When she was 10, the family moved to a farm in Oregon City. After her father died when she was 15, the women ran the farm. After first working as a weaver in the woolen mill at the Oregon City Manufacturing Co., she took a course at the Portland Business College. From 1980, she worked in bookkeeping and sales at department stores in Portland and San Francisco.
After the farm had been sold in 1898, Clara moved to Chicago where she studied decorative design at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Shortly after graduating, in September 1900 she and five of her fellow graduates opened the Kalo Shop where they created and sold their crafts, including book plates, jewelry, textiles, metalwork and leather goods. In 1905, she married the metalworker George S. Welles. The following year, the couple transferred their business to the city suburb of Park Ridge where they opened the Kalo Shop Arts Crafts Workshop in a large farmhouse. They hired Art Institute graduates and Scandinavian metalsmiths to produce silverware and jewelry. In addition, they opened a craft school and organized exhibitions. The enterprise became one of the largest businesses in the area, reaching over 50 employees.
In 1910, Clara Barck became involved in the cause for women's suffrage, joining the Chicago Political Equity League. In 1912, she was elected chair of the Park Ridge Improvement Association (now the Twentieth Century Club) and the following year she headed the Parade Committee for the Illinois Delegation in the Votes for Women Procession in Washington D.C., enthusiastically leading a large contingent of marchers. In 1914, she addressed a rally at Chicago's Auditorium Theatre. Also in 1914, she hosted a fund-raising event in her Kalo Shop together with a group of society women. It was attended by some 100 women who contributed to the melting pots with a piece of gold or silver.
In 1916, her marriage with Welles ended in a divorce, after which she reorganized the Kalo shops and manufacturing operations. In the 1920s, business flourished but under the Great Depression her staff were reduced to just four. In 1936, she relocated the Kalo Shop on Chicago's Michigan Avenue where it remained for the next 34 years.
In the 1940s, Clara Barck Welles moved to San Diego. She died on March 14, 1965, aged 96.
References
External links
The Kalo Shop, illustrated history from Chicago Silver
1868 births
1965 deaths
People from Ellenville, New York
American designers
American silversmiths
American women in business
American jewellers
American women artists |
1415872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputanta%2C%20Virginia | Disputanta, Virginia | Disputanta is an unincorporated community in Prince George County, Virginia, United States in the Richmond-Petersburg region and is a portion of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The postal ZIP Code of Disputanta, Virginia is 23842.
History
Popular legend has it that William Mahone (1826–1895), builder of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad (now part of the Norfolk Southern railway), and his cultured wife, Otelia Butler Mahone (1837–1911), traveled along the newly completed Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad naming stations. Otelia was reading Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott. From his historical Scottish novels, Otelia chose the place names of Windsor and Waverly. She tapped the Scottish Clan "McIvor" for the name of Ivor, a small town in neighboring Southampton County.
As they continued west, they reached a station just west of the Sussex County line in Prince George County where they could not agree on a suitable name from the books. Instead, they became creative, and according to the legend invented a new name in honor of their dispute.
The N&P railroad was completed in 1858. William Mahone later became a Major General in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, and was later elected to the United States Senate.
A large portion of U.S. Highway 460 between Petersburg and Suffolk is named General Mahone Highway in his honor.
Disputanta was a thriving rail town for the first half of the twentieth century. It was an important stop for trains on the Norfolk and Western Railroad due to its two 50,000 gallon water tanks that supplied water for the boilers on steam locomotives. Disputanta once had several hundred residents, two schools, the Disputanta school for whites, and the Jack Cole School for Negroes; nine stores, three banks, two peanut warehouses, a saw mill, and various other businesses. In 1960, Norfolk and Western became the last major railroad in the United States to abandon steam locomotives for diesel-electric motive power. When Norfolk and Western replaced their last steam locomotives with modern diesel locomotives and ended passenger rail service, trains no longer stopped at Disputanta anymore and its population declined as rail workers left. Today the railroad depot and most of the businesses are long gone and the tiny community consists of approximately 75 homes, two churches, a fire station, a post office, a Dollar General store and an elementary school. A large Food Lion warehouse, an auto parts factory operated by Standard Motor Products, and a large truck stop are located just west of town along Highway 460 between Disputanta and New Bohemia.
In the late 19th century, over 700 Czech and Slovak families settled in Prince George and neighboring counties due to the availability of cheap farmland after the Civil War. Some came directly from their homelands in Eastern Europe, while others who had settled in Pennsylvania moved south to Virginia. Some who had homesteaded in the midwest sold their claims and moved back east and bought farms in Prince George. The area is still very rural and descendants of these Czech and Slovak immigrants continue to live in the area and farm the land around Disputanta.
The historic Chester Plantation, located on U.S. Route 460 just west of Disputanta, and Cedar Ridge, located just east of Disputanta in Surry County, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
References
Czech-American culture in Virginia
Slovak-American culture in Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Prince George County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Greater Richmond Region |
50391727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etchika%20Choureau | Etchika Choureau | Etchika Choureau (19 November 1929 – 25 January 2022) was a French film actress. She was at one point in a relationship with Hassan II of Morocco, who was then heir to the throne. Choureau died on 25 January 2022, at the age of 92.
Filmography
References
Bibliography
Jeanine Basinger. The World War II Combat Film: Anatomy of a Genre. Wesleyan University Press, 2003.
Stephen O. Hughes. Morocco Under King Hassan. Ithaca, 2001.
External links
1929 births
2022 deaths
20th-century French actresses
Actresses from Paris
French film actresses |
27445530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/463rd%20Operations%20Group | 463rd Operations Group | The United States Air Force's 463rd Operations Group was a tactical airlift unit last stationed at Dyess Air Force Base, Texas. It was inactivated on 1 October 1993.
During World War II as the 463rd Bombardment Unit, it was second-to-last B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber group trained in the United States. It was deployed to Southern Italy as part of the Fifteenth Air Force in March 1944.
History
World War II
Constituted as 463rd Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 19 May 1943. Activated on 1 August 1943. Trained with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses for duty overseas. Moved to Italy, February–March 1944, and assigned to Fifteenth Air Force. Operational squadrons were the 772nd, 773rd, 774th and 775th Bombardment Squadrons.
Entered combat on 30 March 1944 and operated chiefly against strategic objectives. Attacked such targets as marshaling yards, oil refineries, and aircraft factories in Italy, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Greece.
The group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for bombing oil refineries in Ploiești on 18 May 1944: when clouds limited visibility to such an extent that other groups turned back, the 463rd proceeded to Ploiești and, though crippled by opposition from interceptors and flak, rendered destructive blows to both the target and the enemy fighters.
Received a second Distinguished Unit Citation for leading the wing through three damaging enemy attacks to bomb tank factories in Berlin on 24 March 1945. Also engaged interdiction and support missions. Bombed bridges during May and June 1944 in the campaign for the liberation of Rome.
Participated in the invasion of Southern France in August 1944 by striking bridges, gun positions, and other targets. Hit communications such as railroad bridges, marshalling yards, and airdromes in the Balkans. Operated primarily against communications in northern Italy during March and April 1945.
The "Swoose" Group was commanded by Col. Frank Kurtz, a pre-war Olympic swimmer and pilot of the famed B-17 "The Swoose" in the Pacific during 1941–42.
After V-E Day, transported personnel from Italy to Casablanca for return to the US. Inactivated in Italy on 25 September 1945. Flew 222 combat missions; 91 aircraft lost.
Cold War
The group was redesignated 463rd Troop Carrier Group in 1952 and activated at Memphis Airport, Tennessee on 16 January 1953.
The group was assigned to the 463rd Troop Carrier Wing and equipped with Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars. It received its personnel and aircraft from the 516th Troop Carrier Group, a reserve unit that had been called to active duty for the Korean War, which was simultaneously inactivated. On 1 September, the wing moved to Ardmore Air Force Base, Oklahoma. In 1957 it began replacing its C-119s with the new Lockheed C-130A Hercules turboprop transport. In September 1957 the group was inactivated and its squadrons assigned directly to the 463rd Wing.
The group was redesignated 463rd Operations Group and reactivated at Dyess Air Force Base, Texas in November 1991 as part of the Air Force's Objective Wing reorganization. The group was inactivated on 1 October 1993 and its personnel and equipment were transferred to the incoming 7th Operations Group
Lineage
Constituted as the 463rd Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 19 May 1943
Activated on 1 August 1943
Redesignated 463rd Bombardment Group, Heavy on 29 September 1944
Inactivated on 25 September 1945
Redesignated 463rd Troop Carrier Group, Medium on 1 December 1952
Activated on 16 January 1953
Inactivated 25 September 1957
Redesignated 463rd Tactical Airlift Group on 31 July 1985
Redesignated 463rd Operations Group
Activated on 1 November 1991
Inactivated on 1 October 1993
Assignments
Fourth Air Force, 1 August – 5 November 1943
Third Air Force, 5 November 1943 – 1 February 1944
5th Bombardment Wing, 9 March 1944 – 25 September 1945
463rd Troop Carrier Wing, 16 January 1953 – 25 September 1957
463rd Airlift Wing, 1 November 1991 – 1 October 1993
Components
772nd Bombardment Squadron (later 772nd Troop Carrier Squadron, 772nd Airlift Squadron): 1 August 1943 – 25 September 1945; 16 January 1953 – 25 September 1957, 1 November 1991 – 1 October 1993
773rd Bombardment Squadron (later 773d Troop Carrier Squadron, 773rd Airlift Squadron): 1 August 1943 – 25 September 1945; 16 January 1953 – 25 September 1957, 1 November 1991 – 1 October 1993
774th Bombardment Squadron (later 772nd Troop Carrier Squadron, 774th Airlift Squadron): 1 August 1943 – 25 September 1945; 16 January 1953 – 25 September 1957, 1 November 1991 – 1 October 1993
775th Bombardment Squadron (later 775th Troop Carrier Squadron): 1 August 1943 – 25 September 1945; 8 June 1955 – 1 August 1957
Stations
Geiger Field, Washington, 1 August 1943
Rapid City Army Air Base, South Dakota, August 1943
MacDill Field, Florida, 5 November 1943
Lakeland Army Air Field, Florida, 1 January – February 1944
Celone Airfield, Italy 9 March 1944 – 25 September 1945
Memphis Municipal Airport, Tennessee, 16 January 1953
Ardmore Air Force Base, Oklahoma, 1 September 1953 – 25 September 1957
Dyess Air Force Base, Texas, 1 November 1991 – 1 October 1993
Aircraft
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress (1943–1945)
Curtiss C-46 Commando (1953)
Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (1953–1957)
Chase YC-122 Avitruc (1955)
Fairchild C-123B Provider (1955–1957)
Lockheed C-130A Hercules (1956–1957)
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Little Rock AFB Official Website
Joe's USAF Blue Book
463rd Bomb Group Historical Society Website
"C-130 Dyess timeline". Abilene Reporter News. 23 April 2011. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
Military units and formations established in 1943
Operations groups of the United States Air Force |
20486438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Hardie | Donald Hardie | Brigadier Donald David Graeme Hardie CVO TD KStJ (born 23 January 1936) is a Scottish businessman and retired Territorial Army officer. He was Lord Lieutenant of Dunbartonshire from 1990 to 2007. He is also an honorary vice-president of Lennox and Argyll Battalion of the Boys' Brigade, and is the Keeper of Dumbarton Castle.
Hardie was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in 2008.
References
Living people
Royal Artillery officers
Lord-Lieutenants of Dunbartonshire
Knights of the Order of St John
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Scottish businesspeople
1936 births |
6844541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.A.T.u.%20discography | T.A.T.u. discography | Russian duo t.A.T.u. have released six studio albums, one compilation album, two remix albums, eighteen singles, and three promotional singles. t.A.t.u. debuted in 2000 with the single "Ya Soshla S Uma" from their debut album 200 Po Vstrechnoy, released in 2001 by Universal Music Russia. The album reached number one in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. After selling 850,000 copies in Russia, it was certified platinum by the IFPI for more than one million copies in Europe, the first time for an Eastern European act. The album's English-language counterpart, 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane, was released worldwide through Interscope Records in 2002. It reached number thirteen on the US Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA. In Japan, the album reached number one, the first time for a foreign group, and sold 1.8 million copies. It was also certified platinum by the IFPI for more than one million copies sold in Europe. 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane was promoted with the duo's first international single "All the Things She Said", which topped the charts in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom while peaking at number twenty on the Billboard Hot 100. The album produced three more singles—"Not Gonna Get Us", "30 Minutes", and "How Soon Is Now?"—, with the former becoming t.A.T.u.'s second top 10 single in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Ultimately, 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane became the twelfth best-selling album of 2003, and sold over 5 million copies worldwide. A remix album titled Remixes was released in 2003 and certified gold in Russia.
t.A.T.u.'s third and fourth studio albums, Dangerous and Moving and Lyudi Invalidy, respectively, were released in 2005. Dangerous and Moving achieved its best placing in Taiwan, where it peaked at number four. It reached the top 10 in Mexico, where it was certified gold, and Japan, as well as the top 20 in Germany and Italy. Its first single, "All About Us", reached number five on Russia's TopHit chart and the top 10 in several European countries, including the United Kingdom. "All About Us" also reached the top 40 in Australia, Ireland, and Japan. Two more singles from Dangerous and Moving, "Friend or Foe" and "Gomenasai", achieved popularity in Europe. Lyudi Invalidy was certified platinum in Russia. The duo released their greatest hits album The Best in 2006 after parting ways with Universal Music. The single "Loves Me Not" was selected to promote the album and reached the top 40 in Russia and Slovakia.
t.A.T.u.'s fifth studio album Vesyolye Ulybki was released in 2008. It spawned three singles—"Beliy Plaschik", "220", and "You and I"—, all of which charted in the Russian top 100. The album's English-language counterpart Waste Management followed in 2009. The duo released the remix album Waste Management Remixes before splitting in 2011. With 8 million records sold worldwide, t.A.T.u. rank among the best-selling girl groups.
Albums
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Singles
Promotional singles
Videography
Music videos
Video albums
Footnotes
References
Discography
Discographies of Russian artists
Pop music group discographies |
18948076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20Kremlin%20Cup%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20doubles | 2007 Kremlin Cup – Women's doubles | Květa Peschke and Francesca Schiavone were the defending champions, but Schiavone chose not to participate, and only Peschke competed that year.
Peschke partnered with Rennae Stubbs, but lost in the quarterfinals to Iveta Benešová and Galina Voskoboeva.
Cara Black and Liezel Huber won in the final 4–6, 6–1, 10–7, against Victoria Azarenka and Tatiana Poutchek.
Seeds
Cara Black / Liezel Huber (champions)
Květa Peschke / Rennae Stubbs (quarterfinals)
Elena Likhovtseva / Dinara Safina (semifinals)
Michaëlla Krajicek / Vladimíra Uhlířová (first round)
Draw
External links
Draw
Kremlin Cup
Kremlin Cup |
8474745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath%20Tagore%20Medical%20College | Rabindranath Tagore Medical College | Rabindranath Tagore Medical College, also known as RNT Medical College, is a government medical college situated in the city of Udaipur in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
History
The college was established in 1961, in a building donated by His Highness ex-Maharana of Udaipur. The administrative block is housed in another historical palace donated by Salumber Rao. The college received recognition from the Medical Council of India in 1966. The college is named after the famous Indian Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, a writer and freedom fighter.
Academics
The admission to the M.B.B.S. course is highly competitive. Students who have graduated from high school with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as core subjects can appear for the UG admission test. The medical college offers 250 seats in M.B.B.S. course, 92 in post-graduate degree courses, 12 in post-graduate diploma courses, and two seats in the DM Cardiology course.
15% of total M.B.B.S. seats are filled through the All India counselling conducted by the Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) and 4% seats are reserved for the Government of India nominees from the North-Eastern states. The remaining seats are filled through state level counselling conducted by the Office of the Chairman, NEET UG Medical and Dental Admission/Counselling Board and Principal & Controller, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Starting in 2013, undergraduate admissions is through the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET-UG).
50% of seats in each post-graduate specialty are filled through the All India Post Graduate Medical Entrance Examination and the remaining through Rajasthan Pre-PG Examination. The institute offers post-graduate degree courses in Preventive and Social Medicine, Pathology, Ophthalmology, ENT, General Medicine, General Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, Orthopedics, Radiodiagnosis/Radiology, Radiotherapy, Psychiatry, Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, and Dermatology. Post-graduate diploma courses are offered in Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology.
DM Cardiology seats are filled through the Super Specialty Entrance Examination conducted by the Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur.
The following hospitals are attached to the college:
Maharana Bhupal Government Hospital
Pannadhaya Janana Hospital
Seth Ramvilas Bhuwalaka Yakshma Arogya Sadan, Badi
Baal Chikitsalaya Unit
Hindustan Zinc Ltd. Cardiology Unit
RSMML Cardiothoracic Unit
Trauma Unit
References
Medical colleges in Udaipur
Medical colleges in Rajasthan
Memorials to Rabindranath Tagore
Colleges in Udaipur
Educational institutions established in 1961
1961 establishments in Rajasthan
Affiliates of Rajasthan University of Health Sciences |
27038807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie%20Kershaw | Nellie Kershaw | Nellie Kershaw (c. 1891 – 14 March 1924) was an English textile worker from Rochdale, Lancashire. Her death due to pulmonary asbestosis was the first such case to be described in medical literature, and the first published account of disease attributed to occupational asbestos exposure. Before his publication of the case in the British Medical Journal, Dr William Edmund Cooke had already testified at Kershaw's inquest that "mineral particles in the lungs originated from asbestos and were, beyond reasonable doubt, the primary cause of the fibrosis of the lungs and therefore of death". Her employers, Turner Brothers Asbestos, accepted no liability for her injuries, paid no compensation to her bereaved family and refused to contribute towards funeral expenses as it "would create a precedent and admit responsibility". She was buried in an unmarked pauper's grave. The subsequent inquiries into her death led to the publication of the first Asbestos Industry Regulations in 1931.
Early life
Nellie Kershaw was born to Elizabeth and Arthur Kershaw in Rochdale in 1891. In 1903 she left school, aged 12, to take up employment as a cotton rover in a cotton mill and 5 months later began working at Garsides asbestos mill. She transferred to Turner Brothers Asbestos on 31 December 1917, where she was employed as a rover, spinning raw asbestos fibre into yarn. She was married to Frank Kershaw, a slater's labourer, and had at least one child, a daughter born in about 1920.
Illness and death
She first began to exhibit symptoms in 1920 at the age of 29 but continued to work in the asbestos mill until 22 July 1922, when she was certified unfit to work. Because Kershaw's medical certificate (produced by her local physician Dr Walter Scott Joss) recorded the diagnosis as "asbestos poisoning" she was ineligible for National Health Insurance sickness benefits. As the illness was linked to her occupation, the insurers advised her that she should instead seek sickness benefits from her employers, under the Workmen's Compensation Act, and wrote to Turner Brothers on her behalf on several occasions. However, Turner Brothers refused to pay any benefits because asbestos-related illness was not a recognised occupational disease at that time, and instructed their insurance company to "repudiate the claim" as it would be "exceedingly dangerous" to accept "any liability whatever in such a case." Percy George Kenyon, Turner's works' manager at Rochdale, wrote to Dr Joss demanding that he "inform us what you have said to Miss Kershaw about suffering from Asbestos poisoning" and then wrote to the medical insurance board stating that "We repudiate the term "Asbestos Poisoning". Asbestos is not poisonous and no definition or knowledge of such a disease exists. Such a description is not to be found amongst the list of industrial diseases in the schedule published with the Workmen's Compensation Act."
She is known to have written to Turner Brothers herself on at least one occasion, asking: "What are you going to do about my case? I have been home 9 weeks now and have not received a penny – I think it's time that there was something from you as the National Health refuses to pay me anything. I am needing nourishment and the money, I should have had 9 weeks wages now through no fault of my own."
There is no record that she received payments of any form from any official source between July 1922 and her death. She died at 6.30am on 14 March 1924, aged 33.
Inquest
E. N. Molesworth, the coroner for Rochdale, was obliged to investigate all cases of "unnatural" death, and Dr Joss's diagnosis of "asbestos poisoning" led Molesworth to launch a formal inquest on 14 March 1924, which was adjourned awaiting an autopsy, to be conducted by Dr F.W. Mackichan. Mackichan gave the cause of death as "pulmonary tuberculosis and heart failure" but a further adjournment was granted for microscopic examination of the lungs. When the inquest was resumed on 1 April 1924 Turner Brothers instructed a barrister, Mr. McCleary, and their solicitor G.L. Collins, of Jackson & Co., to attend in order to represent their interests and to "evade any financial liability for Mrs. Kershaw's death."
Dr William Edmund Cooke, a pathologist and bacteriologist at Wigan Infirmary and Leigh Infirmary, testified that his examination of the lungs indicated old scarring indicative of a previously healed tuberculosis infection, and in addition, extensive fibrosis, in which were visible "particles of mineral matter ... of various shapes, but the large majority have sharp angles. The size varies from 393.6 to 3 μm in length." Having compared these particles with samples of asbestos dust provided by Dr S.A. Henry, Medical Inspector of Factories, Cooke concluded that they "originated from asbestos and were, beyond a reasonable doubt, the primary cause of the fibrosis of the lungs and therefore of death".
In his written testimony to the inquest, Walter Joss stated that his diagnosis of "asbestos poisoning" was based upon his "previous experience of such a lung condition for many of his patients who were asbestos workers", and that he personally saw 10 to 12 similar cases each year, all in persons working with asbestos. Nellie's death certificate was issued 2 April 1924, citing "Fibrosis of the lungs due to the inhalation of mineral particles" as the cause of death.
In a fuller version of Kershaw's case published in the BMJ in 1927, Dr Cooke gave the disease the name by which it is still known: "pulmonary asbestosis".
Parliamentary inquiry
As a result of Cooke's paper, Parliament commissioned an inquiry into the effects of asbestos dust by Dr E. R. A. Merewether, Medical Inspector of Factories, and , a factory inspector and pioneer of dust monitoring and control. Their subsequent report, Occurrence of Pulmonary Fibrosis & Other Pulmonary Affections in Asbestos Workers, was presented to parliament on 24 March 1930. It concluded that the development of asbestosis was irrefutably linked to the prolonged inhalation of asbestos dust, and included the first health study of asbestos workers, which found that 66% of those employed for 20 years or more suffered from asbestosis. The report led to the publication of the first Asbestos Industry Regulations in 1931, which came into effect on 1 March 1932.
Memorial
In April 2006, a relative of Kershaw unveiled a memorial stone to asbestos victims worldwide in Rochdale. The memorial service was organised by the Save Spodden Valley campaign, an action group concerned about asbestos contamination on the former Turner's factory site where Kershaw had been employed.
References
1891 births
1924 deaths
Asbestos
People from Rochdale
Textile workers |
59487223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignashino | Ignashino | Ignashino () is a rural locality (a selo) in Rabochy Posyolok Erofey Pavlovich of Skovorodinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 179 as of 2018. There are 7 streets.
Geography
Ignashino is located 230 km southwest of Skovorodino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yerofey Pavlovich is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Skovorodinsky District |
30397637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table%20tennis%20at%20the%202007%20Pan%20American%20Games | Table tennis at the 2007 Pan American Games | Table tennis competitions at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro were held in July 2007 at the Riocentro Sports Complex .
Singles
Team
See also
List of Pan American Games medalists in table tennis
References
Pan American Games
Events at the 2007 Pan American Games
2007 |
37569748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisaki | Hisaki | Hisaki may refer to:
Hisaki (satellite), a Japanese space telescope
A geographical feature in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
People with the given name
, Japanese mixed martial artist and kickboxer
, a Japanese poet
Japanese masculine given names |
9240126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20College%20of%20Engineering%2C%20Bargur | Government College of Engineering, Bargur | The Government College of Engineering (GCE) in Bargur is an engineering college in the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu, India. Government College of Engineering, Bargur was ranked 7th among 243 colleges affiliated with Anna University. "Growth and Commitment towards Excellence" is the motto of the college.
History
The Government College of Engineering was started in Dharmapuri district in 1994. It started functioning in two of the buildings in Government Polytechnic campus, Krishnagiri. The college is affiliated to Anna University. of land in Madepalli village on NH46, 4 km west from Bargur was acquired for the college in 2004. A sum of RS.7.85 crores has been spent on the construction of an Administrative Block, Electronics and Communication Engineering Block, Electrical and Electrical Engineering Block, Computer Science Engineering Block, Mechanical Engineering Block, Library Block and Hostels for male and female students.
The college is one of top among ten government engineering colleges in the state of Tamil Nadu coexisting with nearly 500 plus private engineering colleges.
Location
It was started on 9 September 1994 and housed temporarily in two buildings of the Government Polytechnic, Krishnagiri. It was later shifted in July 2000 to its own campus in Bargur, located at latitude = 12.548°, longitude =78.334° on a site surrounded by hills on the National Highway 46 (NH46) about 10 km East from Krishnagiri and between Vaniyambadi and Krishnagiri.
Affiliation
The college was originally affiliated to the University of Madras. From 1998-99 it was affiliated to the newly started Periyar University. In 2002-03 it became a constituent college of Anna University which is a statewide centralized engineering university. In January 2007 a bill was introduced to the Tamil Nadu State Assembly to retake the administration of the college while retaining its affiliation to Anna University.
Courses
The first batch of undergraduate students passed out in the academic year 1998–99 in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Electronics and Communication Engineering. Later Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering branches were introduced. Post-graduate courses in Applied Electronics, Power Electronics and Computer Science and Engineering are also offered.
Departments
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Mathematics
Department of Physics
Department of Chemistry
Department of English
Admission
Admission is based on performance in the State higher secondary school examinations. Cutoff is calculated from the marks obtained in maths, physics and chemistry. Candidates are admitted by online counseling TNEA conducted by Department of Technical Education.
See also
List of Tamil Nadu Government's Educational Institutions
List of Tamil Nadu Government's Engineering Colleges
External links
Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Krishnagiri district
Educational institutions established in 1994
1994 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras |
29159000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa%20Orosa | María Orosa | María Orosa e Ylagan (November 29, 1892 – February 13, 1945) was a Filipina food technologist, pharmaceutical chemist, humanitarian and war heroine. She experimented with foods native to the Philippines, and during World War II developed Soyalac (a nutrient rich drink from soybeans) and Darak (rice cookies packed with vitamin B-1, which prevents beriberi disease), which she also helped smuggle into Japanese-run internment camps that helped save the lives of thousands of Filipinos, Americans, and other nationals. She introduced to the public the well-known banana ketchup.
Orosa completed her bachelor's and master's degrees in pharmaceutical chemistry, as well as an additional degree in food chemistry. She was then offered a position as an assistant chemist for the state of Washington before returning to the Philippines in 1922 to focus on addressing the problem of malnutrition in her homeland. She invented many types of food to minimize the need of imported products to feed Filipinos. She took advantage of the abundant natural resources of the Philippine islands such as native fruits, crops and vegetables to make the Philippines self-sufficient.
During World War II, Orosa joined Marking's Guerrillas to fight for Philippines freedom. She invented over 700 recipes during her lifetime, including Soyalac and Darak, which saved thousands of lives during the war. She also invented a process for canning goods for the guerrilla warriors fighting for the liberation of the Philippines. Without her food inventions, thousands of people would have died in internment camps, hospitals, and on the streets.
Early and family life
Orosa was born on November 29, 1892 in Taal, Batangas, and was the fourth among the eight children of Simplicio A. Orosa and Juliana Ylagan-Orosa. Although her father died when she was still a child (and helped her mother in the family's general store), many of her siblings also became distinguished in the Philippines. Her elder brother, Engr. Vicente Ylagan Orosa Sr., became Secretary of Public Works and Communications, and, later, Chairman of the People's Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC) during the administration of President Ramon Magsaysay. Her brother, Dr. Sixto Ylagan Orosa Sr., became a pioneering doctor, and her nieces and nephews included banker Sixto L. Orosa, Jr., Philippine National Artist in Dance Leonor Orosa Goquiñgco, businessman José R. L. Orosa, award-winning cultural journalist Rosalinda L. Orosa, and her biographer Helen Orosa del Rosario.
As a government-sponsored scholar, Orosa earned a bachelor's and master's degrees in pharmaceutical chemistry, and an additional degree in food chemistry from the University of Washington. She worked in fish canneries in Alaska during her summer breaks in college.
Career
Although offered a job as an assistant chemist by the Washington state government, Orosa returned to the Philippines in 1922. She initially taught home economics at the Centro Escolar University, and later transferred to the Philippine Bureau of Science's food preservation division. Orosa wanted to help the Philippines become self-sufficient, as well as empower Filipino families. She organized 4-H clubs in the islands (which had more than 22,000 members by 1924), and traveled into the barrios to teach women how to raise chickens, preserve local produce, and plan healthy meals. Orosa invented the palayok oven to enable families without access to electricity to bake, and developed recipes for local produce, including cassava, bananas, and coconut. Her banana ketchup became a favorite condiment and cooking ingredient in the archipelago. She also developed wines and calamansi nip, a desiccated and powdered form of a citrus fruit also used to make reconstituted calamansi juice, banana ketchup, and is also used in other recipes. Orosa ultimately became the head of the Home Economics Division and organized its Division of Food Preservation. Using both her local and technical knowledge, Orosa made culinary contributions and taught proper preservation methods for native dishes such as adobo, dinuguan, kilawin and escabeche.
During World War II, Orosa used her food science background to invent Soyalac (a protein-rich powdered soybean product) and Darak (a rice bran powder rich in thiamine and other vitamins which could also treat beri-beri). She also became a captain in Marking's Guerrillas, a Filipino guerrilla group organized by Marcos "Marking" V. Augustín. The guerrillas helped U.S. forces fight the occupying Japanese troops and employed carpenters to insert Soyalac and Darak into hollow bamboo sticks, which were smuggled to the civilians imprisoned at the University of Santo Tomas and in Japanese-run prisoners of war camps in Capas, Tarlac and Corregidor. The powders saved the lives of many starving imprisoned guerrillas and U.S. soldiers. Her "Tiki-Tiki" cookies (made using Darak) also saved many civilian lives during wartime food shortages.
Death and legacy
Although her family and friends urged her to leave Manila for her hometown as American, Filipino, and Japanese forces battled to control the city, Orosa refused, insisting that, as a soldier, she needed to remain at her post. On February 13, 1945, Orosa died of shrapnel wounds after being hit in her government office during an American bombing raid. The hospital to which she had been taken was later also bombed, causing a shrapnel shard to pierce her heart and kill her instantly. The American Red Cross gave Orosa a humanitarian award for her food-smuggling efforts. Her niece Helen Orosa del Rosario in 1970 published Maria Orosa: Her Life and Work, which also included 700 of Orosa's recipes.
The Philippines has officially recognized Orosa's contributions. Her home province, Batangas, installed a bust and historical marker in her honor. A street in Ermita, Manila (where the Court of Appeals of the Philippines is located), is named after her, as is a building in the Bureau of Plant Industry. During the 65th anniversary of the Institute of Science and Technology, she became one of 19 scientists who received special recognition. On November 29, 1983, the National Historical Institute installed a marker in her honor at the Bureau of Plant Industry in Malate, Manila. In commemoration of her centennial birth anniversary, the Philippine Postal Corporation issued a postage stamp in her honor. Her hometown of Taal, Batangas also celebrated the 125th anniversary of her birth on November 29, 2018. On 29 November 2019, Google celebrated her 126th birthday with a Google Doodle.
On February 8, 2020, Orosa's tombstone was found at the Malate Catholic School, the site of the Remedios Hospital during the Second World War. The excavation was led by Isabel Picornell. It has been suggested that her body be transferred to the Libingan ng mga Bayani (LNMB) in Taguig.
List of works
The history and chemistry of norsphenamine (1921)
Preservation of Philippine foods (1926)
Rice bran: a health food and how to cook it (1932)
Roselle recipes (1931)
Soy beans as a component of a balanced diet and how to prepare them (1932)
Preserve the national culture in local food (1932)
References
Sources
Ancheta, Herminia M. and Michaela Beltran-Gonzales, Filipino Women in Nation Building, Phoenix Publishing House Inc., Quezon City, 1984.
http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2009093773/
Centro Escolar University (2019) CEU-SNHM Pays Tribute to Filipina Innovator Maria Orosa. https://manila.ceu.edu.ph/ceu-snhm-pays-tribute-to-filipina-food-innovator-maria-orosa
Cite Seer X http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.504.4716&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Republic of the Philippines News Agency (2019). Google honors Filipina scientist Maria Orosa. https://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php/articles/1087406
Further reading
Orosa, Maria Y. and Helen Orosa del Rosario. (1970). Maria Y. Orosa, Her Life and Work (Helen Orosa del Rosario, Ed.). [Quezon City:] R. P. Garcia Pub. Co.
1893 births
1945 deaths
Filipino chemists
Filipino women chemists
People from Taal, Batangas
University of Washington alumni
University of the Philippines Manila alumni
Filipino military personnel of World War II
Filipino military personnel killed in World War II
Deaths by airstrike during World War II
Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Merit (Philippines) |
51687418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif%20Bin%20Futtais | Saif Bin Futtais | Saif bin Futtais Al-Mansoori (born September 2, 1973) is an Emirati sport shooter. He placed 29th in the men's skeet event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Dubai
Skeet shooters
Emirati male sport shooters
Olympic shooters of the United Arab Emirates
Shooters at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 2002 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2006 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2010 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2014 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2018 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for the United Arab Emirates
Asian Games medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2020 Summer Olympics |
5230034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Oliver | Adam Oliver | Adam Oliver (December 11, 1823 – October 9, 1882) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Oxford South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1867 to 1876.
He was born in Queens County, New Brunswick in 1823, grew up there and went to London in Upper Canada in 1836, where he became a carpenter. He moved to Ingersoll in 1850 and established a construction business there and later a lumber yard. He served on the village council and was reeve from 1859 to 1862. Although he was opposed to Ingersoll becoming a town, he served as its first mayor in 1865 and 1866. He was also a captain in the local militia and a magistrate. He was elected to represent Oxford South in the Ontario legislature in 1867 and 1871.
After fire destroyed his lumber yard in Orillia in 1871, he set up a sawmill and planing mill near Fort William in partnership with a Toronto lumberman and two lawyers from Ingersoll. After Fort William was selected as a major station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, this company profited from land sales to the government and contracts. The residents of nearby Port Arthur protested that this site had been chosen as a result of Oliver's political connections; a federal Liberal government was in power at the time. The Conservative-controlled Senate which conducted an investigation found that there was some substance to these allegations. He had already resigned in 1874 because his company had sold timber to a buyer for the provincial government; members of parliament were not allowed to conduct business with the government. He was reelected in a by-election held later in the same year. He was elected again in 1875 but was unseated after evidence of bribery was found. He died in Ingersoll in 1882.
References
Adam Oliver of Ingersoll, 1823-1882: Lumberman, Millowner, Contractor, and Politician, George Emery and Glenna Oliver Jamieson. Ingersoll: Ingersoll Historical Society 2002
External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1823 births
1882 deaths
Ontario Liberal Party MPPs
Mayors of places in Ontario
People from Ingersoll, Ontario
People from Queens County, New Brunswick
History of Oxford County, Ontario |
27225691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron%20Brumbaugh | Aaron Brumbaugh | Aaron John Brumbaugh (February 14, 1890 – February 25, 1983) was a higher education administrator and professor of education, and the sixth president of Shimer College.
Brumbaugh was born in Hartville, Ohio in early 1893. He subsequently became a teacher and superintendent in local schools, before traveling to Mount Morris College in Mount Morris, Illinois, where he received his BA in 1914. He served as the superintendent of the Mount Morris schools from 1914 to 1915, and as professor of English at Mount Morris College from 1915 to 1918. In 1918 he received his MA from the University of Chicago, and was named Dean at Mount Morris College. In 1921 he became president of Mount Morris College, a position which he held until resigning in 1925.
Brumbaugh taught at the University of Chicago beginning in 1926, and completed his Ph.D. there in 1929 with a dissertation on the authority of school boards as defined by the courts. He became an Associate Professor in 1935 and rose to full Professor the following year, holding that rank until his retirement in 1944. In 1937, he became president of the American College Personnel Association.
In 1941, Robert Maynard Hutchins appointed Brumbaugh Dean of Students at the College of the University of Chicago. He had previously held the position of Acting Dean. Brumbaugh retired from the university in 1944 but remained active in professional associations.
As president of Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois from 1950 to 1954, Brumbaugh presided over the transition of the Shimer curriculum from a women's junior college to a four-year coeducational Great Books college. He was the first president to preside over the school under its current name, as the name was changed from "Frances Shimer College" to "Shimer College" at the time that the school became coeducational.
In 1955, Brumbaugh left Shimer to take a staff position with the Southern Regional Education Board in Atlanta, Georgia. He held this position until retiring for the second time in 1970. He and his wife then moved to Florida.
See also
History of Shimer College
Notes
External links
1890 births
1983 deaths
Presidents of Shimer College
People from Hartville, Ohio
Mount Morris College alumni
University of Chicago alumni |
39741709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpalus%20alexeevi | Harpalus alexeevi | Harpalus alexeevi is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Kataev in 1990.
References
alexeevi
Beetles described in 1990 |
12490372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLKN | WLKN | WLKN (98.1 FM, "Lake 98.1") is a radio station licensed to Cleveland, Wisconsin with an adult contemporary format consisting mainly of music from the 1980s until the current day, serving the lakeshore cities of Sheboygan and Manitowoc/Two Rivers, Wisconsin, along with Manitowoc and Sheboygan Counties in general. The station's studio is located in Manitowoc, and the station is owned by Seehafter Broadcasting. The station's transmitter is located north of Cleveland, in the Town of Newton.
History
The station was formerly WKTT "Kat Country" prior to a format change in 2003, and had been at 103.1 before a frequency change in 1993 in conjunction with WWJR in Sheboygan from 97.7 to 93.7 to facilitate the launch of Kaukauna's WOGB on 103.1. There were more than six FM's affected by the frequency switch, at the time.
On October 9, 2009 after a sale for $600,000 and a four-year consulting fee of $25,000 annually from former owner Radio K-T, Inc. headed by former Clear Channel programmer Jack Taddeo, the station came under the ownership of Seehafer Broadcasting, a locally-run company based in Manitowoc which has owned WOMT (1240) and WQTC-FM (102.3) for decades. Seehafer continues to base WLKN at their Cleveland offices, along with utilizing the station's web provider to create a more state-of-the-art website presence for the latter stations under WLKN's existing Internet technology agreement. Beyond usual staff turnover, WLKN's programming format, which is female orientated and schedule have remained unchanged since the sale, though overflow local high school basketball games are carried on WLKN, especially during the playoff season. Since the WLKN conversion the station airs an all-Christmas music format through the holidays from Thanksgiving Day to December 26.
At the end of 2013, WLKN allowed a new Two Rivers-licensed station, WEMP (98.9), to undergo a one-day program test authority period using their studios and transmitter in order to maintain the license. This arrangement eventually had WEMP launch full operations in December 2014, using the WLKN tower to host their transmitter, along with leasing studio space in the basement of WLKN's facility and access to WLKN's post office box to launch the station with their assistance. WEMP was run by its owner, Mark Heller until he sold the station in August 2015 to Seehafer, and the operations for the station were moved to the WOMT/WQTC facilities on Mangin Street in Manitowoc. Seehafer also purchased WCUB and WLTU-FM, after closing on the WEMP purchase. WLKN's operations were moved to the Mangin facility in November 2016, ending 30 years of operation direct from Cleveland.
Programming
Notable programming includes syndicated evening host Delilah, and the Sunday morning "Dave Koz Radio Show", home improvement tips from Chicago-based do-it-yourself expert Lou Manfredini, The Lou Dobbs Financial Report from the Salem Radio Network, and the Saturday morning Shopping Spree program, which features half-off deals from local merchants and was brought over by former program director Barry Hersch to fill the need for such a program after his former station, WHBL canceled the program in the late 1990s under the title Name Your Price as brokered weekend syndicated programming became popular.
The station is managed by Dave Jetzer. The station is voicetracked by local personalities for shifts outside of the station's morning show, hosted by Sandi Davis.
External links
WLKN official website
LKN
Adult contemporary radio stations in the United States |
1304116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spadina%20station | Spadina station | Spadina is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University and Line 2 Bloor–Danforth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on Spadina Road, north of Bloor Street West. It is one of only two stations open overnight, along with Union station. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.
The station consists of two separate sections, one for each line, at the same level and 150 metres apart. The north–south platforms, which opened in 1978, were originally planned as a separate station, but the TTC decided to join to the existing 1966 east–west station with a pedestrian tunnel containing a pair of long moving walkways. The cost of the moving walkways themselves became an issue when they became due for refurbishment or replacement, and they were shut down and ultimately removed in 2004, leaving the corridor as a simple underground walkway. The former location of the moving walkways remains visible because the tiles used to cover their removal are noticeably different. Warnings to hold the handrails are still embossed on the walls where the ends of the moving walkways were once located.
An underground loop for the 510 Spadina streetcar was added in 1997 near the east end of the east–west platforms. The streetcar platform adds Postmodern finishes to the station's mix of styles. These range from the basic Modernist tiles of the Bloor–Danforth line platform, to the more intricate round tiles and backlit signage of the Yonge–University line platform.
In 1997, this station became accessible only to the Bloor–Danforth platforms and exit.
Architecture and art
Spadina and Bloor
The largest above ground structure is the bus station; its main entrance, along with elevators and a fare collector booth, is located on the east side of Spadina Road just north of Bloor Street, which currently serves as the terminus of the 127 Davenport bus route. Originally, it was built to serve as a looping facility for the former 77 Spadina bus which operated until the underground streetcar loop was added and the buses were replaced by 510 Spadina streetcars. This building, with its pseudo-mansard roof and brick arches and no obvious bold signage like most other station entrances, is located at the easterly end of the Bloor line platforms. There is a secondary entrance building directly opposite, on the west side of Spadina Road, which is only accessible to those with Presto cards.
At the street level, there are three large cedar wood carvings called K'san Village House Posts depicting an owl, a wolf and a hawk. They are the work of Fedelia O'Brien, Murphy Green and Chuck Heit respectively, who are from the Gitxsan First Nation in British Columbia.
Walmer Road
There is an automatic entrance, accessible only to Presto card holders as of November 2017, on the east side of Walmer Road. It leads to the west end of the Bloor line platforms.
Norman B. Gash House
The main entrance to the Yonge–University line part of the station is concealed inside a house at 85 Spadina Road, which was built in 1899 and listed as a heritage property by the City of Toronto in 1974. The building was designed by architect Robert Ogilvie for lawyer Norman Gash. The property had previously been needed for construction of the Spadina Expressway, which was cancelled in 1971. Since it was still planned to build the subway on its original route along the course of the expressway, the site was subsequently acquired by Metropolitan Toronto in 1972, with the intention of replacing it with a new station building. Local protest forced the TTC to repurpose the old building, thereby retaining the residential character of the neighbourhood. Opposite the house, on the west side of Spadina Road at Kendal Avenue, there is an uncovered stairwell entrance to the station mezzanine. There are northbound and southbound bus stops outside the entrances. This entrance only accepts Presto cards.
This building includes two large artworks: Morning Glory by Louis de Niverville, a surreal enamel mural sited on the ground level by the stairwell; and Barren Ground Caribou by Joyce Wieland, a huge quilt featuring caribou in a tundra landscape, located near the unmanned turnstile on the concourse level below.
Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
This section of the Bloor line was constructed by cut and cover on a strip of land behind the properties fronting on the north side of Bloor Street. The tracks run east from here to the lower level of St. George station. Between the stations connecting tracks from the Bloor line rise on each side to the upper level of St. George station, like exit ramps on a highway, providing a link with the University line.
The section of the Yonge–University line at and between Dupont and Spadina stations was constructed under Spadina Road. South of the station the tunnel turns off-street and curves eastward through 90 degrees to run briefly parallel to Bloor Street before entering the upper level of St. George station.
Nearby landmarks
The station is located in The Annex neighbourhood at the northwest corner of the University of Toronto main campus. Destinations and nearby points of interest include the Spadina Road Branch of the Toronto Public Library, Native Canadian Centre of Toronto, Miles Nadal Jewish Community Centre, Bloor Street United Church, and Trinity-St. Paul's United Church.
Surface connections
When the subway is closed, streetcars still enter the station. TTC routes serving the station include:
References
External links
Line 1 Yonge–University stations
Line 2 Bloor–Danforth stations
Toronto streetcar loops
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1966
Toronto Transit Commission stations located underground |
30864068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois%20Wilson | Lois Wilson | Lois Wilson may refer to:
Lois W. also known as Lois Wilson (née Burnham) (1891–1988), American co-founder of Al-Anon and wife of Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill W.
Lois Wilson (actress) (1894–1988), actress in silent films
Lois Miriam Wilson (born 1927), first female Moderator of the United Church of Canada, 1980–1982 |
15929557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domjulien | Domjulien | Domjulien () is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
The town merged with Girovillers-sous-Montfort by decree dated December 13, 1972.
See also
Communes of the Vosges department
References
Communes of Vosges (department) |
45368124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20ship%20Mexicano%20%281786%29 | Spanish ship Mexicano (1786) | Mexicano (or Mejicano) was a 112-gun three-decker ship of the line built at Havanna for the Spanish Navy in 1786 to plans by Romero Landa. One of the eight very large ships of the line of the Santa Ana class, also known as los Meregildos. Mexicano served in the Spanish Navy for three decades throughout the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, finally being sold at Ferrol in 1815. Although she was a formidable part of the Spanish battlefleet throughout these conflicts, the only major action Mexicano participated in was the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1797.
Construction
The Santa Ana class was built for the Spanish fleet in the 1780s and 1790s as heavy ships of the line, the equivalent of Royal Navy first rate ships. The other ships of the class were the Santa Ana, Conde de Regla, Salvador del Mundo, Real Carlos, San Hermenegildo, Reina María Luisa and Príncipe de Asturias. Three of the class were captured or destroyed during the French Revolutionary Wars.
Mexicano was constructed at Havanna, built over eleven months in 1785 at a cost of 328,000 pesos, most of which was supplied by the Cabildo of New Spain, known as Mexico and from where the ship took its name.
History
The maiden voyage of Mexicano was made from Havanna to Ferrol with a light armament of 80 guns under Captain Miguel Felix Goycoechea, who reported that the ship sailed smoothly and with endurance.
In 1797, Mexicano was with the Spanish fleet which fought the British at the Battle of Cape St Vincent. The Spanish fleet was defeated and four ships were lost, although Mexicano survived the battle with losses of 25 killed, including Captain Francisco de Herrara and 46 seriously wounded.
Between 1799 and 1801, Mexicano was with the combined French and Spanish fleet stationed at Brest after participating in the Croisière de Bruix campaign.
By the end of the Napoleonic Wars Mexicano was laid up at Ferrol, her hull in a bad condition, and at the end of the war the ship was sold out of service and broken up.
References
This article is based on a translation of an article from the Spanish Wikipedia.
1786 ships
Ships of the line of the Spanish Navy
Ships built in Cuba |
62669906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Willdey | George Willdey | George Willdey (1676–1737) was a British engraver and optical instrument maker. Willdey made engravings for a number of mapmakers. His shop sold maps, optical instruments, toys, china, glass, and earthenware.
Willdey engraved maps for Charles Price (with whom he partnered 1710-1713), Emanuel Bowen, Christopher Saxton, and Thomas Jeffreys, among many others.
Willdey was born in Staffordshire in 1676. He was apprenticed to John Yarwell and belonged to the trade guild Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers. Throughout his career he took on a number of apprentices, notably including many female apprentices which was unusual for the time. His apprentices included William Gibbons (1709), Peter Elvin (1712), Hannah Martyn (1714), Susanna Ball (1715), Martha Short (1716), Walter Ray (1717), Edward Watkins (1717), Esther Sarazzin (1720), Isaac le Plastrier (1721), Rachel Jourdail (1722), Thomas Clarke (1724), Frances Willdey (1726)), Susanna Passavant (1728), Elizabeth Dupuy (1733) and Isaac King (1736).
From 1707 to 1713 he operated "At the Archemedes & Globe, Ludgate Street." sometimes described as "Archimedes and Globe next the Dog Tavern nearer Ludgate." In 1712 in partnership with Timothy Brandreth also advertised at Archimedes and Globe over against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill. In 1715 his location was described as "At the Great Toy and Print Shop, the corner of Ludgate Street, next to St. Paul's" and from 1718 to 1737 as "At the Great Toy, Spectacle, China-Ware, and Print Shop, the Corner of Ludgate Street near St. Pauls London."
Willdey died in 1737 at the age of 61. The business was carried on for two years by his wife Judith Willdey and from 1739 by his son Thomas Willdey.
References
1676 births
1737 deaths
British engravers
People from Staffordshire |
2141440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTNQ | KTNQ | KTNQ ("1020 KTNQ AM") is a radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California, with a Spanish News/Talk format. It is owned by TelevisaUnivision. From its original licensing on March 13, 1925 until 1955 it was called KFVD. The station has studios on the Univision Broadcast Center building located on 5999 Center Drive (near I-405) in West Los Angeles, and the transmitter is located in the City of Industry. The station was originally restricted in its broadcast hours, signing off at local sunset to protect 1020 KDKA Pittsburgh from nighttime sky wave interference. Later, the FCC allowed geographically spread daytime stations to operate at night with a directional pattern away from the previously protected station. 1020 kHz in Los Angeles was then allowed to operate as a 24 hour station.
History
KFVD
J. Frank Burke was a "news-analyst, commentator, noted for his American progressiveness, tolerance, and liberalism", and owner and operator of both KFVD and KPAS. The FCC later gave notice to dispose of one of the stations.
From 1937 to 1939, Woody Guthrie broadcast regular shows from KFVD, then run by Frank Burke Sr. and his son Frank Burke First he accompanied his Cousin Leon "Oklahoma Jack" Guthrie, later with Maxine "Lefty Lou" Chrissman. The Woody and Lefty Lou-Show soon became the most popular on the station. When Chrissman resigned due to health reasons, Guthrie continued for another year as The Lone Wolf until he was sacked for his unrelenting support for the Soviet Union even after they invaded Poland.
KPOP & KGBS
From August 1, 1955 until 1960 it was called KPOP.
From June 29, 1960 until 1976, it was called KGBS.
KTNQ
On September 27, 1976 the station's call sign was changed to the current KTNQ, originally billed as "The New Ten Q." KTNQ would later change languages to Spanish at noon on July 31, 1979.
During the late 1970s along with competitor stations such as KHJ (AM) and San Diego-based XETRA-AM ("The Mighty 690"), the station specialized in Top 40 music, and was broadcast in English. The radio station figures prominently in the Ron Howard film Grand Theft Auto. where disc jockey "The Real" Don Steele is doing a live broadcast from a helicopter with the station's call sign following two star-crossed lovers.
Talk programming
KTNQ was a part of the Univision America Talk Radio network as of July 4, 2012. While the network itself ceased operations in 2015, KTNQ aired the remnants of Univision America's programming as well as local news, weather, and sports.
KTNQ has been the Spanish language flagship station of the Los Angeles Dodgers since 2011. It also broadcast Dodger games from 1979 to 1986.
Sports programming
On December 20, 2016, Univision announced that KTNQ would be one of the charter affiliates of Univision Deportes Radio, their new Spanish-language sports network launched in April 2017. It continued to broadcast the network upon its June 20, 2019 rebrand to TUDN Radio. In September 2019, KTNQ returned to a locally-programmed Spanish-language news/talk format, after KWKW took on the TUDN Radio affiliation following the shutdown of the competing ESPN Deportes Radio network.
References
External links
FCC History Cards for KTNQ
TEN-Q
TNQ
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1925
Univision Radio Network stations
TNQ
tl:KTNQ |
95227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunapipi | Kunapipi | Kunapipi, also spelt Gunabibi, ('womb') is a mother goddess and the patron deity of many heroes in Australian Aboriginal mythology. She gave birth to human beings as well as to most animals and plants. Now a vague, otiose, spiritual being, "the old woman" (Kadjeri) once emerged from the waters and travelled across the land with a band of heroes and heroines, and during the ancestral period she gave birth to men and women as well as creating the natural species. She could transform herself either into a male or female version of the Rainbow Serpent.
Origins and diffusion
The Kunapipi cult seems to have arisen among tribes in the Roper and Rose River areas. In the Alawa version she is said to have emerged from the waters. From there it is thought to have gradually spread north-east into Arnhem Land, where it existed as a complementary masculine form with Djanggawul, a female figure. According to Tony Swain, Kunapipi traditions, especially regarding her northern origins, reflect the impact of Sulawesi/Macassar influences, via contacts with trepang traders, and possibly the pre-Islamic rice mother cult, which survived down to modern times among the Toraja and Bugis.
Notes
Citations
Sources
Australian Aboriginal goddesses
Creator goddesses
Fertility goddesses
Mother goddesses |
45633879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitopunta | Mitopunta | Mitopunta (possibly from Quechua mit'u, mitu mud, punta peak; ridge; first, before, in front of) is a mountain in the Huayhuash mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Cajatambo District. Mitopunta lies on a sub-range west of the main range east of Huacshash. It is situated north of the Pumarinri valley.
References
Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Lima Region |
45390243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piletocera%20orientalis | Piletocera orientalis | Piletocera orientalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1880. It is found in Indonesia (Sulawesi).
References
orientalis
Endemic fauna of Indonesia
Moths of Indonesia
Fauna of Sulawesi
Moths described in 1880 |
33932908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharda%20Kalan | Bharda Kalan | Bharda Kalan is a village in Akhnoor Tehsil, Jammu district in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Villages in Jammu district |
8356934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lye%20Green | Lye Green | Lye Green is a hamlet in the civil parish of Chesham in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located north east of Chesham. Lycrome Road runs through the centre of the hamlet, from the A416 in the east to the B4505 in the west.
The hamlet consists of a green and a public house called The Black Cat. The church community of Lye Green had met in rooms at the pub which was run by Miss Bessie Bangay, an Anglican church leader from the 1930s to the 1960s. The Woottens Luxury Travel part of the Bowen Bus Group is located opposite the Black Cat.
References
Chesham
Hamlets in Buckinghamshire |
29824116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Hudson%20%28running%20back%29 | Bob Hudson (running back) | Bob Hudson is a former running back in the National Football League.
Biography
Hudson was born Robert Dale Hudson on March 21, 1948, in Hominy, Oklahoma. He played at the collegiate level at Northeastern State University. At Northeastern State, he set school records for rushing yardage, longest touchdown run (99 yards), highest rushing yards average per season and most carries in a season.
Career
Hudson was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the sixth round of the 1972 NFL Draft and played that season with the team. The following two seasons he played with the Oakland Raiders. During his time with Oakland, Hudson was nicknamed "Headhunter" for his exceptional hits and tackles on the Raiders' special teams. In 1975, his knee was injured in a preseason game against the Atlanta Falcons, and the injury wound up ending his football career.
Post-Career
Hudson had difficulty adjusting to his post-NFL life. In a 1990 interview, Hudson said, "The transistion a lot of professional athletes go through takes a long time. In my case, it took almost five years. "When you're playing football, it's an artificial high. All you know is sports. When that's taken away, you try to find something to replace it. I tried alcohol and drugs." He was involved in an automobile crash in 1976, during which he was driving 85 miles an hour while drunk. In the wake of the wreck, he decided to return to Oklahoma and turn his life around.
Hudson went on to earn his college degree in Physical Education in 1983, and worked as a substitute teacher in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. in 1988, he took a position as the Physical Education Director of the Bartlesville Boys Club. He has used that position to spread an anti-drug abuse message, and has also spoken out against drugs at area churches and schools.
In 1988, Hudson was named to the Northeastern Athletics Hall of Fame.
See also
List of Green Bay Packers players
References
1948 births
Living people
American football running backs
Green Bay Packers players
Oakland Raiders players
Northeastern State RiverHawks football players
People from Hominy, Oklahoma |
38855372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankur%20Betageri | Ankur Betageri | Ankur Betageri (born 1983 in Bangalore, Karnataka) is an Indian poet, fiction writer, photographer and arts activist. He currently teaches English at Bharati College, University of Delhi. In 2012, he was named as one of the ten best writers in the country by the English daily Indian Express. He holds a Masters in Clinical Psychology from Christ University, Bangalore. Betageri is also known for founding the public arts and activist platform, Hulchul, whose artistic interventions in reclaiming Public Spaces like public washrooms and roadside walls, and the use of art to transform the everyday urban life have been widely appreciated. As a poet he has represented India at The III International Delphic Games (2009) at Jeju, South Korea, and Lit Up Writers Festival (2010) at Singapore.
Poetry and fiction
Betageri's poetry collection The Bliss and Madness of Being Human (2013) has been reviewed. Gopikrishnan Kottoor was critical, calling Betageri "self-indulgent" and noting that he "is trying to get at his own voice, and considering that he is just 30, he still has enough time. Ankur must take heed of real poetry happening all over, even as he cocoons himself in the illusions of his own penning." Kottoor added: "His [Betageri's] weaknesses include his fly-over statements, limitations of theme, and his predominating subjectivity. The 'I' element in many of the poems makes them much too personal, often fencing him in within the orbit of personal statements and observations. He'll do well to off-load his subjectivity, and externalise his poetry."
Speaking to The Indian Express in 2012, U.R. Ananthamurthy said of him: "Betageri writes his poetry and short fiction in Kannada as well as English, influenced both by the local and the global. Much of our Indian English writing is highly westernized but his is different. He writes in two voices both very significant... He reminds me of the great A.K. Ramanujan who wrote in both tongues with perfect ease."
Basant Badal Deta Hai Muhavre (2011) is the Hindi translation of his selected English poems by the Hindi poet Rahul Rajesh. His poems have also been translated into Bengali and Korean.
Betageri's short fiction collection Bhog and Other Stories (2010) has been praised for introducing characters who "have been largely invisible in Indian fiction in English." In a review the Nigerian poet Tade Ipadeola writes, "Betageri’s greatest achievement in this collection may very well be his unveiling of the world within India as well as the India to be found in the rest of the world." While some stories depict "a world in which all values are suspect and all attempts to achieve identity are subject to frustration" others "take strange, allegorical forms" Reviewing the book the poet Anamika observes, "Defamiliarization of everyday reality by breaking it into micro-moments of non-happenings seems to be his patent technique especially in stories where he delicately handles post-modern techniques of deconstructing diary-entries (…Aftermath of a Broken Love Affair), confessions and mood-swings (Malavika), dialogues and reflections (A Conversation: Story Written in the Manner of a Movie Script)." Betageri's stories have been translated into Hindi and Italian.
Betageri is also a translator He has translated Indian writers like P.Lankesh into English, and the works of writers like Poe, Whitman, Pessoa, Sorescu, Rimbaud, Neruda and Pasolini into Kannada.
Art and photography
Ankur Betageri has exhibited his photographs at various places including ICCR, Delhi (2012), St. Stephen's College (2012) and Delhi University (2011). His photographic work often juxtaposes text and image creating the experience of what he calls "existential pause" and "bare silence". Betageri's artistic practices involve interventions in advertising billboards and the use of stencils, reproductions of paintings and photographic images in unconventional places like public toilets, public walls, parks and marketplaces.
Betageri is the founder of the public arts platform Hulchul, known for its novel public art practices like public art exhibits, washroom art projects, poetry reading in public places and creating social sculptures with trees in the city of Delhi. Hulchul's washroom art project has been recognized as a first and listed in the Limca Book of Records.
Bibliography
Kannada
Hidida Usiru (Abhinava Prakashana, 2004)
Idara Hesaru (Abhinava Prakashana, 2006)
Haladi Pustaka (Kanva Prakashana, 2009)
Malavika mattu Itara Kathegalu (Sahitya Bhandara, 2011)
English
Bhog and Other Stories (Pilli Books, 2010)
The Bliss and Madness of Being Human (Poetrywala, 2013)
Translation into other languages
Basant Badal Deta Hai Muhavre (Hindi, Yash Prakashan, 2011)
References
External links
Essays and poems - New English Review
Poems - Softblow
Poems - Maple Tree Literary Supplement
Poems - Mascara Literary Review
My Life too Pro-per: a play
Art - Saatchi
1983 births
Living people
Indian male poets
Artists from Bangalore
20th-century Indian photographers
Indian atheists
Poets from Karnataka
Christ University alumni |
44674553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dham%20%28film%29 | Dham (film) | Dham () is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language action film produced by Mohana Radha and Kishore Babu on Radaan Mediaworks banner, presented by Raadhika and directed by Raju Voopati. Starring Jagapati Babu, Sonia Agarwal and Neha Mehta, with music composed by Ramana Gogula.
Plot
Rushi (Jagapati Babu) runs a yoga center, where he comes across 4 students who are best friends; to Chaitanya, Prasanth, Santosh, Vicky (Nandamuri Chaitanya Krishna, Anil, Ravitej, Vikram) respectively. Pooja (Sonia Agarwal) a girl student falls in love with Rushi. All of them get closer and becomes good friends to Rushi.
Meanwhile, Rushi comes to known the 4 youngsters have separate love stories, which are unsuccessful due to various problems. Chaitanya is forcibly separated from his lover Radhika (Uma) by her father Satya (Satya Prakash), Santosh is rejected by his lover Sarada (Swapna Madhuri) a classical singer, because he is having stammering problem and Prasanth is hated by his lover Priya (Sony Raj) because he has cheated her by showcasing himself as sports champion. Rushi helps them out in resolving their problem and makes their love successful. In the process, they come to know about Rushi's past.
Rushi is a hot-blooded angry young man in the past, who gets reacted for each every small bad deed, he falls in love with a girl Anjali (Neha Mehta). Anjali hates violence, but unknowingly she is a daughter of a mafia don Neelakantam (Avinash). Rushi and Neelakantam always had clashes and he created misunderstanding between Rushi & Anjali and make bid adieu to his love. The remaining story is how the 4 couples show their gratitude by uniting Rushi & Anjali.
Cast
Jagapati Babu as Rushi
Sonia Agarwal as Pooja
Neha Mehta as Anjali
Nandamuri Chaitanya Krishna as Chaitanya
Anil as Prasanth
Ravitej as Santosh
Vikram as Vicky
Brahmanandam as Shankara Sastry
Ali
Venu Madhav as Uday Tarun
Avinash as Neelakantam
Chalapathi Rao as Rushi's father
Satya Prakash as Satya
Mallikarjuna Rao as Satya's Assistant
Suman Setty as Rushi's Assistant
Narsingh Yadav as Goon
Kavitha as Rushi's Mother
Junior Relangi as Pooja's Father
Sony Raj as Priya
Swapna Madhuri as Sarada
Ooma as Radhika
Radhika Varma as Meghana
Pavala Shyamala as Prashanth's Grandmother
Soundtrack
Music composed by Ramana Gogula. Music released on Supreme Music Company.
Reception
Mithun Verma of Fullhyd rated the film 1 star. Jeevi of Idlebrain rated it 2.75 out of 5.
References
External links
2000s Telugu-language films
2003 films
Indian action films
Indian films
Telugu-language films |
48479888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahut%20Din%20Huwe | Bahut Din Huwe | Bahut Din Huwe () is a 1954 Indian Hindi-language film directed by S. S. Vasan, produced by Gemini Studios and starring Madhubala. It is a remake of the Telugu film Bala Nagamma (1942).
Bahut Din Huwe received lukewarm reviews from critics upon its release in March 1954. The film was not a commercial success, although it went on to celebrate a silver jubilee in Poona.
Plot
Madhubala plays the role of Princess Chandrakanta, who is born due to the blessings of Nagraj. However, due to the Nagraj's curse, the Queen dies as soon as the princess stops breastfeeding. The second Queen grows jealous and orders her men to kill the princess. However, she is left in the forest and gets adopted by a priest. The priest's wife believes she will bring misfortune to her family and ill treats her. When she grows up, she is spotted by Prince Anand Kumar, who immediately falls in love with her. She marries him and gives birth to a son. An evil magician king, Bhadra Chamund, decides to marry Chandrakanta upon finding out that she is the most beautiful woman in the world. He disguises himself as a saint and goes to her palace to beg for alms and kidnaps her. His wife Mohini warns him that like Ravan, he will meet his end because of kidnapping a woman who is devoted to her husband, but he pays no heed. When Prince Anand Kumar finds out, he marches to Bhadra Chamund's kingdom with his army to defeat him, but The Prince and the army are turned to stone by his magic.
Years later, Chandrakanta and Vijaykumar's son, Prince Vijay Kumar (Rattan Kumar), who is brought up by the palace servants, learns the truth about his parents and resolves to free them. He reaches Bhadra Chamund's kingdom with his servant Tarang Sen (Agha) and manages to impress him by presenting him with a garland. By fooling the guards, he enters the jail and meets his mother Chandrakanta. He learns from her that across seven mountains and a dark cave lies a five coloured parrot, in which Bhadra Chamund has stored his soul. He sets upon on this dangerous journey, travels to the faraway land Mayanagari, faces several obstacles like women who try to hypnotise him by playing the veena, and encounters magical illusions like a garden containing talking animals.
Cast
Madhubala as Chandrakanta
Rattan Kumar as Vijayakumar
Swaraj as Prince Anand Kumar
Agha as Tarang Sen
Kailash as Bhadra Chamund
Savitri as Mohini
Pushpavalli as Bhulakshmi Devi
Gulab as Flower Women
Kanhaiyalal as Pujari
Lalita Pawar as Ekadasi
Suryaprabha as Young Queen
Neela as Mala
Baby Saraswati as Young Chandra
M. K. Radha as The King
Roy Chowdhury as Nagaraj
Indira Acharya as Maid
Thousands of Gemini Boys and Girls
Production
Bahut Din Huwe is a remake of the Telugu film Bala Nagamma (1942), and marked Savitri's debut in Hindi cinema. Shooting took place at Madras.
Reception
Writer Ashokamitran said, "Bahut Din Huwe was not a bad film. It had the unfailingly swift Gemini narration. The special effects cameraman Prahlad Dutt had, with the available equipment and resources (which were not much), worked out some extraordinary visuals."
Songs
"Saiyaan Tere Prem Ki Diwaani Ban Aai Hun" – Lata Mangeshkar
"Ammaa Ammaa Tu Kahaan Gai Amma" – Lata Mangeshkar
"Gajaananam, He Ganesh Gananaayak" – Lata Mangeshkar
"Vinaa Meri Aashaa Bhari, Kyun Chameli Khilakhilaati Hai Bata" – Lata Mangeshkar
"Mai Hu Rup Ki Rani" – Lata Mangeshkar
"Chanda Chamke Nil Gagan Mrunal" – Lata Mangeshkar
References
External links
1954 films
Films directed by S. S. Vasan
1950s Hindi-language films
Indian films
Gemini Studios films
Hindi remakes of Telugu films
Indian black-and-white films |
23223581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurston%20House | Thurston House | Thurston House may refer to:
Places
Thurston House (Little Rock, Arkansas), listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
Thurston-Chase Cabin, Centerville, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Utah
Phineas Thurston House, Barnet, Vermont, listed on the NRHP in Vermont
Thurston House, East Lothian, in Dunbar, Scotland, rebuilt by John Kinross from 1890 onwards
Book
Thurston House (book), a novel by Danielle Steel |
6898298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex%20in%20space | Sex in space | The conditions governing sex in space (intercourse, conception and procreation while weightless) have become a necessary study due to plans for long-duration space missions. Issues include disrupted circadian rhythms, radiation, isolation, stress, and the physical act of intercourse in zero or minimal gravity.
Overview
Human sexual activity in the weightlessness of outer space presents difficulties due to Newton's third law. According to the law, if the couple remain attached, their movements will counter each other. Consequently, their actions will not change their velocity unless they are affected by another, unattached, object. Some difficulty could occur due to drifting into other objects. If the couple have a combined velocity relative to other objects, collisions could occur. The discussion of sex in space has also raised the issue of conception and pregnancy in space.
, with NASA planning lunar outposts and possibly long-duration missions, the topic has taken a respectable place in life sciences. Despite this, some researchers have argued that national and private space agencies have yet to develop any concrete research and plans to address human sexuality in space.
Physiological issues
Numerous physiological changes have been noted during spaceflight, many of which may affect sex and procreation. Such effects would be a result of factors including gravity changes, radiation, noise, vibration, isolation, disrupted circadian rhythms, stress, or a combination of these factors.
Gravity and microgravity
The primary issue to be considered in off-Earth reproduction is the lack of gravitational acceleration. Life on Earth, and thus the reproductive and ontogenetic processes of all life, evolved under the constant influence of the Earth's 1g gravitational field. It is important to study how space environment affects critical phases of mammalian reproduction and development as well as events surrounding fertilization, embryogenesis, pregnancy, birth, postnatal maturation, and parental care.
Studies conducted on rats revealed that, although the fetus developed properly once exposed to normal gravity, rats raised in microgravity lacked the ability to right themselves. Another study examined mouse embryo fertilization in microgravity. Although this resulted in healthy mice once implanted at normal gravity, the fertilization rate was lower for the embryos fertilized in microgravity. Currently no mice or rats have developed while in microgravity throughout the entire life cycle.
2Suit
The 2suit (alternately 2-Suit or twosuit) is a garment designed to facilitate low-effort sex in weightless environments such as outer space, or on planets with low gravity. The flight garment, invented by American novelist Vanna Bonta, was one of the subjects of the show The Universe, a 2008 History Channel television documentary, in its episode Sex in Space, about the biological and emotional implications of human migration, and reproduction beyond Earth. The 2suit was further discussed by writers online.
Planned attempts
In June 2015, Pornhub announced its plans to make the first pornographic film in space. It launched a crowdfunding campaign to fund the effort, dubbed Sexploration, with the goal of raising $3.4 million in 60 days. The campaign only received pledges for $236,086. If funded, the film would have been slated for a 2016 release, following six months of training for the two performers and six-person crew. Though it claimed to be in talks with multiple private spaceflight carriers, the company declined to name names "for fear that would risk unnecessary fallout" from the carriers. A Space.com article about the campaign mentioned that in 2008, Virgin Galactic received and rejected a $1 million offer from an undisclosed party to shoot a sex film on board SpaceShipTwo.
Adult film actress CoCo Brown had begun certifying for a co-pilot seat in the XCOR Lynx spaceplane, which would have launched in a suborbital flight in 2016 and spent a short amount of time in zero-gravity. However, XCOR declared bankruptcy before ever flying a space tourist.
Short of actual space, the adult entertainment production company Private Media Group has filmed a movie called The Uranus Experiment: Part Two where an actual zero-gravity intercourse scene was accomplished with a reduced-gravity aircraft. The filming process was particularly difficult from a technical and logistical standpoint. Budget constraints allowed for only one shot, featuring the actors Sylvia Saint and Nick Lang. Berth Milton, Jr, president and CEO of Private Media Group, says "You would not want to be afraid of flying, that's for sure!"
In popular culture
Science fiction writer and futurist Isaac Asimov, in a 1973 article "Sex in a Spaceship", conjectured what sex would be like in the weightless environment of space, anticipating some of the benefits of engaging in sex in an environment of microgravity.
On July 23, 2006, a Sex in Space panel was held at the Space Frontier Foundation's annual conference. Speakers were science journalist-author Laura Woodmansee, who presented her book Sex in Space; Jim Logan, the first graduate of a new aerospace medicine residency program to be hired by NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston; and Vanna Bonta, an American poet, novelist, and actress who had recently flown in zero gravity and had agreed to an interview for Woodmansee's book. The speakers made presentations that explored "the biological, emotional, and ... physical issues that will confront people moving [off Earth] into the space environment." NBC science journalist Alan Boyle reported on the panel, opening a world discussion of a topic previously considered taboo.
"Sex in Space" was the title of an episode of the History Channel documentary television series The Universe in 2008. The globally distributed show was dubbed into foreign languages, opening worldwide discussion about what had previously been avoided as a taboo subject. Sex in space became a topic of discussion for the long-term survival of the human species, colonization of other planets, inspired songs, and humanized reasons for space exploration.
The idea of sex in space appears frequently in science fiction. Arthur C. Clarke claimed to first address it in his novel Rendezvous with Rama (1973).
See also
References
Footnotes
General references
External links
Adventures in Space, The Zero-G Spot, by Michael Behar; OUTSIDE Magazine, December 2006
Outer-space sex carries complications By Alan Boyle, MSNBC July 24, 2006. Concept of "2suit" design of American writer Vanna Bonta.
Space sex hoax rises again by James Oberg
Pregnancy in Space Seems Possible
Astronauts test sex in space - but did the earth move? The Guardian, February 24, 2000
Virgin Galactic rejects $1 million space porn by Peter B. de Selding, MSNBC, October 2, 2008
Has anyone ever had sex in space? from The Straight Dope by Cecil Adams, February 28, 1997
Space Frontier Foundation's media archives for the SFF1484 panel "Sex in Space" from the 2006 "New Space Return to the Moon Conference" featuring authors Laura Woodmansee, and Vanna Bonta with NASA physician Dr. John Logan.
From Russia... with Love (propaganda-style interview with Russian "space procreation" specialist)
human sexuality
human spaceflight |
40236328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold%20Augustus%20Leo | Leopold Augustus Leo | Leopold Augustus Leo (born April 19, 1794, died June 19, 1868 in Warsaw) was a Polish ophthalmologist of Jewish origin.
The son of Zygmunt and Zofia Hertz, Leopold August Leo graduated from the University of Königsberg in East Prussia and received his doctorate of medicine. Around 1815 he moved to Warsaw, where he practiced medicine. In the years 1838-1841 he was head of 'Instytut Oftalmiczny' (the Ophthalmic Institute) in Warsaw. He published numerous scientific papers.
He married Julianna Levy-Lyon (1801-1861), with whom he had five children: Josepha Amalie (1824-1902, wife of Stanisław Solomon Kronenberg), Ernestine Rozalie (1826-1893, wife of Leopold Stanisław Kronenberg), Edward Wiktor (1828-1901, lawyer and publicist), Anna (1829-1830), and Ludwik Filip (born 1831).
He was buried in the cemetery of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Warsaw.
References
Kazimierz Reychman: Szkice genealogiczne, Serja I. Warszawa: Hoesick F., 1936, s. 119–120.
18th-century Polish Jews
Polish ophthalmologists
1794 births
1868 deaths
University of Königsberg alumni |
48811545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Cook%20%28Antarctica%29 | Mount Cook (Antarctica) | Mount Cook () is a mountain, 1,900 m, the highest point of the main massif of the Leckie Range in Antarctica. Approximately mapped by Norwegian cartographers on Norwegian whalers chart No. 3. Plotted from air photos taken by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) in 1956, and first visited by G.A. Knuckey of ANARE in December 1956, when its position was fixed. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for B.G. Cook, geophysicist at Mawson station in 1958.
Cook, Mount |
39860257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musquash%2C%20New%20Brunswick | Musquash, New Brunswick | Musquash is a Canadian rural community in Saint John County, New Brunswick. It is located west southwest of the community of Prince of Wales in Musquash Parish.
History
Musquash was settled in the early 1800s at the head of navigation on the Musquash River. The Shore Line Railway (later Canadian Pacific Railway) was built through the community but has since been abandoned. The community includes the locales of Ivanhoe, West Musquash and Clinch's Mills. A post office was located in Musquash from 1847 to 1969. It was largely a farming and lumbering community but is now largely an exurb of Saint John, thanks to being located on the Route 1 expressway.
Notable people
See also
List of lighthouses in New Brunswick
List of communities in New Brunswick
References
External links
Provincial Archives of New Brunswick - Musquash
Natural Resources Canada - Musquash
Picture of the lighthouse
Aids to Navigation Canadian Coast Guard
Communities in Saint John County, New Brunswick
Lighthouses in New Brunswick |
17354416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Gosport%20Borough%20Council%20election | 2008 Gosport Borough Council election | Elections to Gosport Council in Hampshire, England were held on 1 May 2008. Half of the council was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control.
Before the election the Labour and Liberal Democrat parties had held power on the council with the casting vote of the mayor. The election saw the Liberal Democrats close the gap with the Conservative party after making 5 gains, while the Labour party lost four of the five seats they had held. However following the election the Conservative party said that they would take charge of the council as they remained the largest party.
After the election, the composition of the council was
Conservative 16
Liberal Democrat 14
Labour 4
Election result
Ward results
Alverstoke
Anglesey
Bridgemary North
Bridgemary South
Brockhurst
Christchurch
Elson
Forton
Grange
Hardway
Lee East
Lee West
Leesland
Peel Common
Privett
Rowner and Holbrook
Town
References
2008 Gosport election result
Ward results
2008
2008 English local elections
2000s in Hampshire |
11815338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghislain%20Lemaire | Ghislain Lemaire | Ghislain Lemaire (born 7 August 1972 in Lure, Haute-Saône) is a French judoka.
Achievements
References
External links
Videos on Judovision.org
1972 births
Living people
People from Lure, Haute-Saône
French male judoka
Judoka at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic judoka of France
Sportspeople from Haute-Saône
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for France
Mediterranean Games medalists in judo
Competitors at the 2005 Mediterranean Games |
41083229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Jafar%20Mahalleh | Mohammad Jafar Mahalleh | Mohammad Jafar Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Moḩammad Jaʿfar Maḩalleh) is a village in Otaqvar Rural District, Otaqvar District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 193, in 54 families. Made famous as the location of the world's largest functional drinking hat.
References
Populated places in Langarud County |
32051282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brancatherulum | Brancatherulum | Brancatherulum is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian - Tithonian) mammal from the Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania. It is based on a single toothless dentary 21 mm in length. It is currently considered either a stem-zatherian or dryolestidan.
See also
Prehistoric mammal
List of prehistoric mammals
References
Cladotheria
Late Jurassic mammals
Jurassic mammals of Africa
Fossil taxa described in 1927
Tendaguru fauna
Prehistoric mammal genera |
68751210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashlie%20Sephus | Nashlie Sephus | Nashlie H. Sephus is an American computer engineer and entrepreneur specialized in machine learning and algorithmic bias identification. She is a technology evangelist at Amazon Web Services. Sephus is cofounder and chief executive officer of Bean Path, a nonprofit startup company developing Jackson Tech District, a planned community and business incubator in Jackson, Mississippi.
Education
Sephus is from Jackson, Mississippi. She was raised in an all female household. She did a two week sleep away camp for girls that introduced her to computer engineering. Sephus graduated from Murrah High School. In 2007, she completed a B.S. in computer engineering at Mississippi State University. Sephus won a GEM fellowship which provided a full-tuition scholarship, internships, and a job placement at Delphi Electronics & Safety upon graduation. She earned a master's degree and Ph.D. (2014) in electrical and computer engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology College of Engineering. Her dissertation was titled A framework for exploiting modulation spectral features in music data mining and other applications. Sephus' doctoral advisors were and .
Career
In 2013, Sephus, then a doctoral student, began working part-time for the all black women startup, Partpic, where she developed machine learning of visual recognition algorithms and prototypes.
Sephus worked as a software engineer at Exponent in New York. In 2015, she joined Partpic full time as their chief technology officer. In 2016, Partpic was sold to Amazon where she began leading Amazon Visual Search team in Atlanta. Sephus later became an machine learning and applied science manager at Amazon Web Services Artificial Intelligence. Her team develops tools for bias-identification for machine learning models. She is a technology evangelist at Amazon.
In 2018, Sephus developed the idea to create a technology community and business incubator as part of her nonprofit startup company, Bean Path. She is the company's cofounder and CEO. On September 11, 2020, Sephus purchased 12 acres next to Jackson State University to create the Jackson Tech District.
Awards and honors
In 2019, Sephus and Julie Cwikla were awarded an Ada Lovelace Award.
See also
African-American women in computer science
Women in engineering in the United States
References
External links
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Businesspeople from Jackson, Mississippi
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American scientists
21st-century American businesswomen
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American women scientists
21st-century American engineers
Mississippi State University alumni
Georgia Tech alumni
Technology evangelists
Amazon (company) people
Engineers from Mississippi
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
Computer engineers
African-American computer scientists
African-American women engineers
American women engineers
African-American engineers |
18211743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Ningbo | Roman Catholic Diocese of Ningbo | The Roman Catholic Diocese of Ningbo/Ningxian (, ) is a diocese located in the city of Ningbo (Zhejiang) in the Ecclesiastical province of Hangzhou in China. The diocese has two cathedral churches but only one has the seat of the bishop. The official cathedral is the one dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus but which used to be dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrow. The other cathedral is the one dedicated to the Assumption of Mary which was rebuilt from 1995–2000. The latter church is a former cathedral.
The Cathedral of the Sacred Heart was destroyed in a fire on July 28, 2014.
History
1687: Established as Apostolic Vicariate of Chekiang and Kiangsi 浙江江西 from the Apostolic Vicariate of Fujian 福建
October 15, 1696: Renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Chekiang 浙江
1838: Renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Chekiang and Kiangsi 浙江江西
1846: Renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Chekiang 浙江
May 10, 1910: Renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Eastern Chekiang 浙東
December 3, 1924: Renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Ningbo 寧波
April 11, 1946: Promoted as Diocese of Ningbo 寧波
Leadership
Bishops of Ningbo (Roman rite)
Bishop Mathew Hu Xiande (2004–2017)
Bishop André-Jean-François Defebvre, C.M. (戴安德) (April 11, 1946 – April 7, 1967)
Vicars Apostolic of Ningbo 寧波 (Roman Rite)
Bishop André-Jean-François Defebvre, C.M. (戴安德) (December 23, 1926 – April 11, 1946)
Bishop Paul-Marie Reynaud, C.M. (趙保祿) (December 3, 1924 – February 23, 1926)
Vicars Apostolic of Eastern Chekiang 浙東 (Roman Rite)
Bishop Paul-Marie Reynaud, C.M. (趙保祿) (May 10, 1910 – December 3, 1924)
Vicars Apostolic of Chekiang 浙江 (Roman Rite)
Bishop Paul-Marie Reynaud, C.M. (趙保祿) (March 7, 1884 – May 10, 1910)
Bishop Edmond-François Guierry, C.M. (蘇鳳文 / 蘇發旺) (January 21, 1870 – August 8, 1883)
Bishop Jean-Henri Baldus, C.M. (安巴都) (1865 – September 29, 1869)
Bishop Louis-Gabriel Delaplace, C.M. (田嘉璧 / 田類斯) (June 12, 1854 – January 21, 1870)
Bishop François-Xavier Danicourt, C.M. (顧方濟) (December 22, 1850 – 1854)
Bishop Pierre Lavaissière, C.M. (石伯鐸) (March 27, 1846 – December 19, 1849)
Bishop Bernard-Vincent Laribe, C.M. (July 14, 1845 – March 26, 1846)
Vicars Apostolic of Chekiang and Kiangsi 浙江江西 (Roman Rite)
Bishop François-Alexis Rameaux, C.M. (December 11, 1838 – July 14, 1845)
References
GCatholic.org
Catholic Hierarchy
Roman Catholic dioceses in China
Religious organizations established in the 1680s
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 17th century
Christianity in Zhejiang |
26547384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo%20Riquelme%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201984%29 | Rodrigo Riquelme (footballer, born 1984) | Rodrigo Fabián Riquelme Cabrera (born 1 June 1984) is a Paraguayan-born Chilean defender.
Riquelme's professional debut came for Paraguayan side Sol de América in 2003. He moved to Rangers de Talca in 2004, and he has played club football in Chile ever since.
Riquelme scored a historic goal against Puerto Montt, leading his club Curicó Unido to promotion to the Chilean Primera División, when he played for Curicó in 2008. He then made a controversial transfer from Curicó to Colo-Colo in December 2008.
Honours
Club
Curicó Unido
Primera B de Chile (2): 2008, 2016–17
References
External links
Rodrigo Riquelme at BDFA.com.ar
1984 births
Living people
Paraguayan footballers
Paraguayan expatriate footballers
Club Sol de América footballers
12 de Octubre Football Club players
Rangers de Talca footballers
Curicó Unido footballers
Colo-Colo footballers
C.D. Antofagasta footballers
Club Deportivo Palestino footballers
San Luis de Quillota footballers
Expatriate footballers in Chile
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Association football defenders
Naturalized citizens of Chile |
5368380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20McKinnon | Johnny McKinnon | John Douglas McKinnon, Jr. (July 15, 1899 — February 8, 1969) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played six seasons in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Philadelphia Quakers between 1925 and 1931. He then spent eight seasons in the American Hockey Association, and retired in 1938. He was born in Guysborough, Nova Scotia.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
External links
1899 births
1969 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Central Hockey League (1925–1926) players
Cleveland Hockey Club ice hockey players
Fort Pitt Panthers players
Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia
Kansas City Pla-Mors players
Minneapolis Millers (AHA) players
Montreal Canadiens players
People from Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
Philadelphia Quakers (NHL) players
Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL) players
St. Louis Flyers (AHA) players |
60365588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonynian%20Beskids | Polonynian Beskids | Polonynian Beskids or Polonyne Beskids (; ) is a geological group of mountain ranges of the Eastern Beskids, within the Outer Eastern Carpathians. It is one of two parallel mountain ridges of the Eastern Beskids, situated in western parts of modern Ukraine. They are stretching parallel to the Wooded Beskids on the northeast, and Vihorlat-Gutin Area to the southwest.
The name of this mountain range is derived from Slavic term polonyna, designating a particular type of montane meadows, characteristic for those parts of the Carpathians. Thus, the very term polonyne or polonynian Beskids translates as Meadowed Beskids. In Polish and Ukrainian terminology, this range is most commonly called the "Polonynian Beskids" (; ), while in Slovakia it is also defined in a much wider sense, under the local term Poloniny (). The territorial scope of all those terms varies in accordance to different classifications and traditions.
Subdivisions
Polonynian Beskids include:
Smooth Polonyna (PL: Połonina Równa; UK: Полонина Рівна) → c6
Polonyna Borzhava (PL: Połonina Borżawska; UK: Полонина Боржава) → c7
Polonyna Kuk (PL: Połonina Kuk; UK: Полонина Кук) → c8
Red Polonyna (PL: Połonina Czerwona; UK: Полонина Красна)→ c9
Svydovets (PL: Świdowiec; UK: Свидівець) → c10
Chornohora (PL: Czarnohora; UK: Чорногора) → c11
Hrynyavy Mountains (PL: Połoniny Hryniawskie; UK: Гриняви) → c12
See also
Divisions of the Carpathians
Wooded Carpathians
Ukrainian Carpathians
Polonyna (montane meadow)
References
Sources
External links
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Beskyds
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Inner Carpathian Valley
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Volcanic Ukrainian Carpathians
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Borzhava
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Krasna
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Svydivets
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Chornohora
Carpathian Mountains: Division (map)
Mountain ranges of the Eastern Carpathians
Mountain ranges of Ukraine |
234218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo%20zu%20Innhausen%20und%20Knyphausen | Dodo zu Innhausen und Knyphausen | Dodo Freiherr zu Innhausen und Knyphausen (sometimes Knijphausen or Kniphausen; 2 July 1583 – 11 January 1636) was a German professional soldier who saw extensive service in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), rising to the rank of Field Marshal in Swedish service in 1633.
Early career
Knyphausen was from Lütetsburg, East Frisia. He learnt his trade in Dutch service under Maurice of Orange, rising to the rank of captain by 1603. He later served the Hanseatic League, then the Protestant Union. In the 1620s, with the Thirty Years' War turning against the Protestants, Knyphausen had the misfortune to be repeatedly on the losing side, witnessing the defeats at the Battle of Höchst (1622) and the battle of Stadtlohn (1623). After the latter battle he was accused of treason and even sentenced to death, only to be exonerated. He fought under Ernst von Mansfeld at the Battle of Dessau Bridge in 1626, but was captured. In 1628 during the siege of La Rochelle, he went into English service and raised troops, during the final abortive English attempt to relieve the Huguenot stronghold.
Swedish service
Knyphausen entered into Swedish service in 1630 and raised several German regiments for the Swedish crown. As a result of his many years of professional experience he was greatly valued by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and was often assigned the most critical tasks, such as the defence of Neubrandenburg in 1631 (where he was captured by the forces of Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly) and command of the Sweden's most important military supply base in central Germany at Nuremberg in 1632.
At the 1632 Battle of Lützen, where the Swedish king was killed, Knyphausen, now holding the rank of Major General, was third in command of the Swedish army and responsible for the entire second (reserve) line. At the height of the battle, and with the Swedish army close to panic as a result of the king's death and destruction of the Swedish infantry centre, Knyphausen played a large part in holding the Swedish army together for two crucial hours. The Swedish royal secretary Philipp Sattler wrote that Knyphausen had contributed greatly to the final victory, having "done the most to sustain the wavering battleline".
In January 1633, as a reward for his service at Lützen, Knyphausen was appointed Field Marshal and commander-in-chief of all Swedish forces operating in Lower Saxony, an important side-theatre to the main Swedish operations in Southern Germany. In this role he served at the major Swedish victory at the Battle of Oldendorf in 1633. From 1633 to 1634 he participated in an unsuccessful Siege of Hildesheim. At the minor Battle of Haselünne in early 1636 he was killed.
A distant relative, Edzard zu Innhausen und Knyphausen (1827–1908) was a noted politician.
Notes and references
1583 births
1636 deaths
People from Aurich (district)
German military leaders
German people of the Thirty Years' War
Swedish nobility
German emigrants to Sweden
Field marshals of Sweden
Military personnel killed in action
Military personnel of the Thirty Years' War |
61879874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uksunay | Uksunay | Uksunay () is a rural locality (a selo) in Starotogulsky Selsoviet, Togulsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 99 as of 2013. There are 8 streets.
Geography
Uksunay is located on the Uksunay River, 15 km northeast of Togul (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lnozavod is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Togulsky District |
6916588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Glanzman | Sam Glanzman | Samuel Joseph Glanzman (December 5, 1924 – July 12, 2017) was an American comics artist and memoirist. Glanzman is best known for his Charlton Comics series Hercules, about the mythological Greek demigod; his autobiographical war stories about his service aboard the U.S.S. Stevens for DC Comics and Marvel Comics; and the Charlton Comics Fightin' Army feature "The Lonely War of Willy Schultz", a Vietnam War-era serial about a German-American U.S. Army captain during World War II.
Biography
Early life and career
Glanzman was born on December 5, 1924, in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Florence and Gustave Glanzman. His father was Jewish and his mother Catholic. His brothers were comic-book artists D.C. (Davis Charles) Glanzman, and Louis "Lew" Glanzman, the latter of whom went on to become a fine art painter.
Glanzman ended his formal education after grade school. He entered the comics industry in late 1939, during the period historians and fans call the Golden Age of comic books, at Funnies, Inc., one of the early "packagers" that supplied comics to publishers then entering the fledgling medium. There, for Centaur Publications, he wrote two-page text stories with incidental art for Amazing-Man Comics. Later, for Harvey Comics, he created Fly-Man in the superhero anthology Spitfire Comics #1 (August 1941), writing and drawing the feature for at least two issues. He also contributed to Harvey's All-New Short Story Comics (where he published his first recorded war story); Champ Comics (stories about the superhero Human Meteor); and the radio program tie-in series Green Hornet Comics through 1943.
He served in the U.S. Navy, during World War II, stationed on the destroyer U.S.S. Stevens, and was discharged in 1946. Eschewing work in comics ("I was getting $7.50 a page for [Fly-Man], pencils, inks, story, and coloring ... I figured, 'Hell, that's not much money.'"), he began a peripatetic career doing manual labor in cabinet shops, lumber mills, and boat yards. After marrying in the 1950s, he worked at Republic Aviation in Farmingdale, New York, installing machine guns on military jets. During this time, he lived in Rockaway, Queens, and in the Long Island towns of Valley Stream and Massapequa Park.
Seeking to return to art, Glanzman did some work for the Eastern Color series Heroic Comics and New Heroic Comics in 1950, and found better-paying assignments doing children's book illustration. He may have done uncredited work for his brother Lew on a hardcover book series for children about aircraft. Work was not steady, however, and Glanzman returned to Republic Aviation.
Charlton Comics
In 1958, Glanzman began working with Pat Masulli, the executive editor of Charlton Comics, a low-paying publishing company. He specialized in stories for the war titles Attack, Battlefield Action, Fightin' Air Force, Fightin' Marines, Submarine Attack, U.S. Air Force Comics, and War at Sea, producing a large amount of authentically detailed work. In mid-1961 he switched to Dell Comics. where he worked on the anthology Combat, drew the movie adaptation Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (and the similar, though unrelated, four-issue Voyage to the Deep), and a range of titles from lost-world adventure (Kona, Monarch of Monster Isle) to heartwarming animal drama (Lad: A Dog). He occasionally still moonlighted for Charlton, using the initials "SJG" for his work on the 1962 Marco Polo movie adaptation and elsewhere.
Beginning mid-1964, Glanzman moved regularly between Charlton and Dell assignments, almost exclusively on war stories, but also on a Charlton Tarzan series. Although some sources credit him for co-creating the Charlton hardboiled detective character Sarge Steel, he stated in a 2009 interview that "The only thing I created was the "U.S.S. Stevens", "Attu" and A Sailor's Story."
During the 1960s Glanzman and writer Gill created the Charlton mythological-adventure series Hercules: Adventures of the Man-God, which would run 13 issues (Oct. 1967 - Sept. 1969), and showcased Glanzman's experimental side, where he might float Art Nouveau-bordered panels within action tableaux filled with Hieronymous Boschian nightmares.
Also during this time he co-created, with writer Will Franz, "The Lonely War of Willy Schultz", a departure from most other World War II features of this time, with a conflicted American soldier of German heritage caught between loyalties. During combat in the European Theater, U.S. Army captain Schultz is falsely accused and convicted of murder; he escapes and blends into the German Army while seeking a way to clear his name and retain his Allied allegiance. The feature, reprinted as late as 1999, was serialized in Charlton's Fightin' Army #76–80, 82–92 (Oct. 1967 – July 1968 and Nov. 1968 – July 1970).
Glanzman freelanced for Outdoor Life magazine in the 1960s as well.
DC Comics
War comics editor-artist Joe Kubert of industry giant DC Comics brought Glanzman to work on Our Army at War, Star Spangled War Stories, Weird War Tales, and other combat titles including G.I. Combat, where for years he illustrated the feature "Haunted Tank". At DC, Glanzman began his series of autobiographical war stories about his service aboard the U.S.S. Stevens in Our Army at War #218 (April 1970). Glanzman would also occasionally draw stories for DC's supernatural-mystery anthologies. He was one of the contributors to the debut issues of Ghosts and Blitzkrieg. By late 1979, with most of DC's war titles either canceled or converted to character series with established teams, Glanzman remained solely on G.I. Combat and began freelancing again for Charlton. Following his last "Haunted Tank" story, in G.I. Combat #288 (March 1987), Glanzman drew two more stories for DC a year later, in Sgt. Rock #420–421 (Feb.–April 1988). He would return to ink penciler Tim Truman on the Western miniseries Jonah Hex: Two Gun Mojo (Sept.–Dec. 1993), Jonah Hex: Riders of the Worm and Such (March–July 1995), and Jonah Hex: Shadows West (Feb.–April 1999) all written by Joe R. Lansdale.
Later career
Glanzman also contributed a handful of war stories to Marvel Comics from 1986–1989, in the black-and-white adventure magazine Savage Tales, the Marine Corps series Semper Fi, an issue of The 'Nam, and most notably A Sailor's Story / Marvel Graphic Novel #30 (March 1987), a 60-page true account, which he both wrote and drew, of his time on the U.S.S. Stevens during World War II. Unusually for Marvel's graphic novel line, it was released in hardcover rather than as a trade paperback. A trade paperback edition followed, together with a sequel, A Sailor's Story, Book Two: Winds, Dreams, and Dragons, which continued the story up to the end of the war.
Other work in the 1990s included inking some issues of Turok Dinosaur Hunter for Acclaim Comics and Zorro for Topps Comics, and writing and drawing a serialized feature in Flashback Comics' Fantastic Worlds #1. His later work includes stories in two anthologies: writing and drawing the 10-page, true-life story "On the Job: Cooks Tour," in the graphic-story trade paperback Streetwise (TwoMorrows Publishing, 2000, ), and the donated, four-page "There Were Tears in Her Eyes," in the squarebound benefit comic 9-11: The World's Finest Comic Book Writers & Artists Tell Stories to Remember, Volume Two (2002).
From 1999–2001, the Avalon Communications imprint America's Comic Group / ACG (not to be confused with American Comics Group / AGC) reprinted large amounts of Glanzman's Charlton Comics work in a number of mostly one-shot titles, including Hercules, Flyboys, Nam Tales, Star Combat Tales, Total War, and ACG Comics Presents Fire and Steel.
In 2003, Glanzman began working on webcomics, writing and drawing the 19th-century nautical adventure Apple Jack, and reteaming with his "Willy Schultz" writer, Will Franz, on the Roman centurion series The Eagle. In 2012 and 2013, new "U.S.S. Stevens" stories by Glanzman appeared in the Joe Kubert Presents six-issue anthology limited series. In 2015, Glanzman's "U.S.S. Stevens" stories and the A Sailor's Story graphic novels were collected by Dover Publications.
Glanzman died on July 12, 2017, in Maryland, New York, under hospice care after falling and undergoing surgery.
Bibliography
Glanzman's U.S.S. Stevens stories for DC Comics appear in:
Our Army at War #220, 223, 225, 227, 230–232, 235 238, 240–242, 244–245, 247–248, 256–259, 261–262, 265–267, 275, 281–282, 284, 293, 298 (1970–1976)
Our Fighting Forces 128, 132, 134, 136, 138–139, 140–141, 143 (1970–1972)
Weird War Tales #4 (1972)
G.I. Combat #152 (1972)
Star Spangled War Stories #167, 171, 174 (1973)
Sgt. Rock #304, 308 (1977)
Sgt. Rock Special #1 (1992)
Joe Kubert Presents #1–6 (2012–2013)
References
External links
Sam Glanzman Bio. WebCitation archive.
Sam Glanzman at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
Sam Glanzman at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
1924 births
2017 deaths
20th-century American artists
21st-century American artists
American children's book illustrators
American comics artists
American comics writers
American graphic novelists
American magazine illustrators
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Inkpot Award winners
Jewish American artists
Jewish American writers
Jewish American military personnel
American memoirists
Artists from New York (state)
Charlton Comics
DC Comics people
Golden Age comics creators
Marvel Comics people
People from Massapequa Park, New York
People from Rockaway, Queens
People from Valley Stream, New York
Silver Age comics creators |
22179840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilitha | Epilitha | Epilitha is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
62065472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphane | Euphane | Euphane is a tetracyclic triterpene that is the 13α,14β-stereoisomer of lanostane. Its derivatives are widely distributed in many plants.
See also
Protostane
Dammarane
Lanostane
References
Triterpenes |
44088664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Korchebokov | Lev Korchebokov | Lev Nikolayevich Korchebokov (; 26 February 1907 in Tsarskoye Selo – 16 September 1971 in Riga) was a Soviet Russian football player and manager.
Honours as a player
Soviet Top League champion: 1936 (spring), 1937.
Soviet Cup winner: 1937.
External links
1907 births
1972 deaths
People from Pushkin, Saint Petersburg
People from Tsarskoselsky Uyezd
Soviet footballers
FC Dynamo Moscow players
Soviet Top League players
Soviet football managers
FC Dynamo Moscow managers
FC Dinamo Minsk managers
FC Sokol Saratov managers
FK Liepājas Metalurgs managers
FK Daugava Rīga managers
Association football defenders |
47085606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20proposed%20railway%20electrification%20routes%20in%20Great%20Britain | List of proposed railway electrification routes in Great Britain | This article lists proposed railway electrification routes in Great Britain.
Background
Railway electrification in the UK has been a stop-start or boom-bust cycle since electrification began. There was a flurry of activity in the 1980s and early 1990s but this came to a halt in the run up to privatization and then continued in the 2000s, and also the Great Recession intervened. In 2009 Lord Adonis was appointed Secretary of State for Transport and, after a gap of more than a decade, electrification of the UK rail network was back on the agenda with Adonis announcing plans to electrify the Great Western Main Line from London as far as Swansea, as well as infill electrification schemes in the North West of England. The 2010 general election produced a coalition government that wanted to reassess spending, and so electrification was paused again.
In July 2012 the UK government announced £4.2 billion of new electrification schemes, all at 25 kV AC and reconfirmed schemes previously announced by Adonis. These were to be Northern Hub, Great Western Main Line, South Wales Main Line, Midland Main Line, Electric Spine, Crossrail, Gospel Oak to Barking Line and West Midlands suburban lines including the Cross-City Line. The Trans-Pennine route from Manchester to York and Selby via Leeds was also announced. Rail transport in Scotland is a devolved matter for the Scottish Government, but they too have pursued electrification with multiple schemes in the Central Belt. All these have been 25 kV AC, as in England and Wales.
On 25 June 2015 the government announced that some of the electrification projects would be delayed or cut back because of rising costs. Electrification work was to be "paused" on the Trans-Pennine route between York and Manchester and on the Midland main line between Bedford and Sheffield. Electrification of the Great Western main line would go ahead but the status of the Reading-Newbury and Didcot-Oxford sections was unclear. However, in September 2015, the electrification work was "un-paused", but with a delayed completion date. Since then there have been updates including one published in October 2016.
On 20 July 2017 Chris Grayling the Secretary of State for Transport cancelled a number of electrification projects citing disruptive works and use of bi-mode technology as an alternative.
Electrification has had much controversy with cancellations and various appearances of the Secretary of State for Transport called before the Transport Select Committee. The Transport Select Committee published its report into various matters including regional investment disparity on the railways and calling again for the reinstatement of various cancelled electrification schemes. A written question was submitted and answered in parliament regarding route miles electrified in the years 1997-2019.
In March 2019 the Railway Industry Association published a paper on Electrification cost challenge suggesting ways forward and a rolling programme of electrification.
In September 2020 the TDNS (Traction Decarbonisation Network Strategy) Interim Business case was published though it was dated July 31, 2020. The principal recommendation was further electrification of 13000 STKs - single track kilometres of UK railways. As of November 2020, there are very few confirmed schemes.
List of routes
Northern Hub
As part of the Northern Hub project, the following lines in North West England and Yorkshire were to have been electrified:
In December 2013 it was announced that the branch from to would be electrified by 2017. However, the enhancements delivery plan update of September 2016 moved the completion date with only GRIP Stage 3 (Option selection) being completed by then. On 1 September 2021, the Department for Transport formally announced this would now go ahead.
The North TransPennine route, comprising the Huddersfield Line between Manchester Victoria and via and : expected by 2022. This is part of the Transpennine north railway upgrade project, which in turn is affected by the 2021 Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands.
As an extension of this the Hull to Selby Line was going to follow: Hull Trains planned to electrify the line between Temple Hirst Junction on the East Coast Main Line south of and Hull using private finance. This moved closer to reality on 20 March 2014 when Transport Secretary Patrick McLoughlin confirmed in the House of Commons that he had made £2.4m available to move the project to the next stage of development, GRIP Stage 3. This scheme was to have joined the already planned transpennine electrification (part of the Northern Hub project) at Selby. In November 2016 this project was shelved indefinitely.
Harrogate line Harrogate to Leeds electrification was proposed, but not yet agreed.
Windermere branch line
Windermere Branch Line: In August 2013, the Department for Transport announced that the branch line between and was to be electrified by 2016. The Hendy review moved the completion of GRIP 3 to March 2017 with a yet to be determined date for completion of electrification. In July 2017 Chris Grayling the Secretary of State for Transport announced the scheme had been cancelled and bi-mode technology would be used.
Great Western Main Line and South Wales Main Line
The electrification of the GWML to Thingley Junction (near Chippenham) and the SWML via Bristol Parkway to Cardiff Central was due for completion in December 2018, but was delayed to December 2019, with electric trains only beginning to run to Cardiff from January 2020. Electrification from Reading to Newbury was completed in December 2018. On 8 November 2016, Transport Minister Paul Maynard announced that several parts of the Great Western electrification project were being deferred 'until further notice': these include the line between Didcot and Oxford, the lines to (both via Bristol Parkway and Bath), the line between Cardiff and Swansea, and the Henley and Marlow branch lines. On 20 July 2017, it was announced that the Cardiff-Swansea electrification project had been cancelled and that bi-mode trains would be used on the route.
As a spin-off, it was proposed that the Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes would be electrified once the main route is complete.
Midland Main Line
The line has already been electrified to Bedford since the early 1980s. This was to be extended to Corby, Leicester, Nottingham, Derby and Sheffield. In November 2016 only the electrification to Kettering and Corby was confirmed as continuing with the DfT refusing to be drawn on dates for the remaining parts of the original scheme. On 20 July 2017, it was announced that the Kettering-Nottingham-Sheffield electrification project had been cancelled and that bi-mode trains would be used on the route. However, in March 2019, it was announced by Department for Transport that the line between Kettering and Market Harborough would be electrified. This would allow easier connection to the new proposed grid feeder at Braybrooke. The Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands (IRP) published November 2021 said electrification of the entire route would now go ahead.
Electric Spine
This project included the lines from the Port of Southampton to Nuneaton, and to the Midland Main Line via the East West Rail between Oxford and Bedford. This would have involved electrifying the Coventry to Nuneaton, and Coventry to Leamington Line, part of the Chiltern Main Line, Cherwell Valley Line and Reading to Basingstoke Line; also converting part of the South West Main Line between Basingstoke and Southampton Central from 750 V DC third rail to 25 kV AC overhead. Electrification of the Midland Main Line to Leicester, Nottingham and Sheffield is included in the Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands, but electrification for East West Rail has been defunded, so it may be assumed the Electric Spine scheme has been put on hold.
Crossrail
This route will serve as a new cross-London main line, and it was originally due to open in December 2018. However, opening has been delayed until the first half of 2022.
2020 onwards
Under Transport Secretary Chris Grayling many of the proposed electrification projects were cancelled, despite pledging to remove full diesel trains by 2040. However after being sacked in 2019, and replaced by Grant Shapps many of the cancelled electrification schemes are being reconsidered. The Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands (IRP) confirmed this.
Manchester Victoria to Stalybridge
As of March 2021 major work as part of the Transpennine Route Upgrade is in progress, that includes preparation for electrification.
Bolton to Wigan
It was announced in December 2013 that to would be electrified by 2017. Finally, on 1 September 2021, the go ahead was formally announced. Starting in December 2021, Wigan to Bolton work is in progress with "boots on the ground".
York to Church Fenton
Work to extend the wires from Colton Junction to Church Fenton began in December 2020. Preliminary work includes track and signalling to enable line speed improvements prior to the installation of overhead gantries and wires in 2022 ready for an October 2022 completion. The extension will allow bi-mode trains to use electric traction through this section. As of March 2022, there has been no announcement on electrification between Leeds and Church Fenton.
Stalybridge to Leeds
The section between Huddersfield to Dewsbury had the TWAO applied for on March 31, 2021.
Leeds to Selby, Hull and Sheffield
Now the electrification scheme could be back on the agenda after transport secretary Grant Shapps confirmed plans to spend nearly £600m on work to upgrade and electrify the TransPennine main line.
Leeds to Bradford Interchange via New Pudsey
As part of the Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands the line between Leeds and Bradford Interchange via New Pudsey is being electrified.
Scotland Rolling programme
On 28 July 2020, Scottish Transport Secretary Michael Matheson announced plans to phase out fossil fuel use on the railway network by 2035. The plan would see most lines electrified, but suggests that intermittent electrification in difficult places may be implemented. Alternative traction will be implemented rather than electrification for some lightly-used lines. These are the Far North Line, Kyle of Lochalsh Line, West Highland Line, and the southern portion of the Stranraer Line. Other Scottish political parties including the Green Party support a rolling programme and indeed want it accelerating. Transport Scotland has also published a list prioritising the projects and divided them into the categories of 1) in delivery, 2) in development, 3) under active consideration.
In early 2021 a start was made on the electrification scheme to East Kilbride.
Traction Decarbonisation Network Strategy
In September 2020 the TDNS (Traction Decarbonisation Network Strategy) Interim Business case was published though it was dated July 31, 2020. The principal recommendation was further electrification of 13000 STKs - single track kilometres of UK railways.
List of routes now complete in 2010 onwards timeframe
Northern Hub
As part of the Northern Hub project, the following lines in North West England and Yorkshire have been electrified:
Liverpool to Manchester Northern Route: Manchester to Newton-le-Willows completed December 2013; to Liverpool, planned by December 2014 but completed in February 2015.
Liverpool to Wigan: planned by December 2014 but completed in March 2015.
Manchester to Preston (via Bolton) by December 2017 and Preston to Blackpool North by May 2018. An October 2017 update pushed back the completion of the Manchester - Preston section. This scheme provides an electrified route from Blackpool to the West Coast Main Line at Preston and then on to Manchester diverging from the West Coast Main Line at Euxton Jct. Originally, Preston - Blackpool was to be done before Manchester - Preston, but Network Rail said Preston - Blackpool needed to have new signalling and the opportunity was also taken to completely remodel Blackpool North and Kirkham & Wesham stations and other remodelling improvements at Salwick and Poulton-le-Fylde. The scheme was to have followed with a new completion date of March 2018. Further delays ensued and a powered electric train (a Virgin Pendolino) finally carried out multiple test runs overnight on 14–15 May 2018, a few days after energisation. Similarly, in the early hours of 13 December 2018, a Virgin Pendolino ran test runs between Preston and Manchester Piccadilly shortly after energisation. The full electric service from Manchester to Blackpool North started in February 2019
Gospel Oak to Barking Line
Electrification of this line which is part of London Overground was announced in July 2013. Major civil engineering with line closures started July 2016. Full in-service date was expected to be 30 June 2017. However, design errors and the late delivery of materials and structures meant that the project was delayed. The start of electric services was to be in May 2018.
Delays in the electrification of the line were followed by delays in the delivery of the Class 710 electric train sets. The first two trains entered service on 23 May 2019, with the full fleet entering service in August 2019. These 4-car train sets doubled the length of the trains and passenger capacity compared to the former 2-car Diesel train sets, completing the project.
West Midlands suburban lines
Extensions to the existing West Midlands suburban electrification:
Cross-City Line electrification to be extended from to by 2017. Due to delays in the project, electric services started in July 2018.
Chase Line electrification to be extended from to by 2017. There were delays in the original date, with electric services on this line starting in May 2019.
Scotland
Edinburgh to Glasgow Improvement Programme (EGIP)
This electrification scheme and associated works has come to mean Edinburgh-Glasgow via Falkirk High and was due to be completed by December 2016. The rolling programme would then follow with the route via Shotts. The scheme via Carstairs in association with the ECML electrification was completed in the early 1990s. With other infills in the central belt of Scotland there are now (2020) 4 different electrified routes between the two cities with assorted diversionary routes. The December 2016 date was not met and in May 2017 a further delay to the wires going live was announced due to a safety-critical component possibly for the whole route needing to be replaced. It was actually completed in December 2017. The infills included the route from Cumbernauld and Falkirk Grahamston to Larbert, Alloa, Dunblane and Stirling.
See also
Campaign to Electrify Britain’s Railways
Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands
Midland Main Line railway upgrade
Network Rail Control Periods, including High-Level Output Specification (HLOS)
Timeline of future railway upgrades in Great Britain
Overhead line
Transport for the North
TransPennine Route Upgrade
References
Further reading
Rail infrastructure in the United Kingdom
Proposed rail infrastructure in England
Great Britain
Electrification
Railway electrification routes in Great Britain |
47088324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang%20On%20to%20Your%20Resistance | Hang On to Your Resistance | Hang On to Your Resistance is the debut album for Canadian musician Tom Cochrane, originally released in 1974 (see 1974 in music) on Daffodil Records. The album was released under just his last name, Cochrane. In 1987, Capitol Records re-released the album under Tom Cochrane but changed the title slightly to Hang On to Your Resistance (The Early Years).
Track listing
1974 debut albums
Tom Cochrane albums
Daffodil Records albums |
65565399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leila%20Pirhaji | Leila Pirhaji | Leila Pirhaji (born May 17, 1986) is an Iranian computational biologist and tech entrepreneur. She is the CEO and founder of ReviveMed, a biotech company that started up in 2018. She previously worked on artificial intelligence at the Professor Ernest Fraenkel Lab at MIT and at ETH Zürich.
Early life and education
Pirhaji was born in Esfahan, Iran on May 17, 1986. She received a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Biotechnology from the University of Tehran in 2008. Between her undergraduate and master's degree, Pirhaji was a visiting scientist at the ETH Zurich institute, developing algorithms that inferred protein interaction networks from mass spectrometry data. She then pursued a Master's degree in biotechnology immediately after graduation, completing it in 2010. During her time in graduate school, she served a role as Master Research Assistant in developing a new algorithm that predicts gene regulatory networks from gene expression data. In 2010, Pirhaji moved to the US to start her PhD at MIT in Biological/Biosystems Engineering. In 2016, she completed her dissertation, titled “Revealing disease-associated pathways and components by systematic integration of large-scale biological data” under the supervision of Professor Ernest Fraenkel.
Career
In 2013, Pirhaji worked shortly at Takeda Oncology developing a pipeline for Next Generation Sequencing analysis for cancer patients being treated in order to identify biomarkers associated with the drug response. In the summer of 2014, Pirhaji worked at Merck on molecular stratification of pancreatic cancer by using transcriptional and mutational data. From 2011 - 2016, she worked as a doctoral research assistant at MIT, before becoming a postdoctoral research associate in 2016. Not long after graduating from MIT, Pirhaji used her expertise on drug discovery and characterizing molecules from blood tissue to start up her company, ReviveMed, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Joined by data scientist Demarcus Briers and biotech scientist Richard Howell, Pirhaji raised $1.5 million in funding for ReviveMed from Rivas Capital, TechU, Team Builder Ventures, and WorldQuant.
Honors and awards
In 2019, Pirhaji was selected as a part of the 20 TED Fellows selected for that year.
In 2020, Pirhaji was acknowledge by MIT's Technology Review as one of their 35 Innovators under 35. She has also won funding rounds in competitions held by StartMIT, StartIAP, MIT100K, and the Sandbox Innovation Fund Program for her work in biotechnology.
References
1986 births
Living people |
5156882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethoxymethane | Dimethoxymethane | Dimethoxymethane, also called methylal, is a colorless flammable liquid with a low boiling point, low viscosity and excellent dissolving power. It has a chloroform-like odor and a pungent taste. It is the dimethyl acetal of formaldehyde. Dimethoxymethane is soluble in three parts water and miscible with most common organic solvents.
Synthesis and structure
It can be manufactured by oxidation of methanol or by the reaction of formaldehyde with methanol. In aqueous acid, it is hydrolyzed back to formaldehyde and methanol.
Due to the anomeric effect, dimethoxymethane has a preference toward the gauche conformation with respect to each of the C–O bonds, instead of the anti conformation. Since there are two C–O bonds, the most stable conformation is gauche-gauche, which is around 7 kcal/mol more stable than the anti-anti conformation, while the gauche-anti and anti-gauche are intermediate in energy. Since it is one of the smallest molecules exhibiting this effect, which has great interest in carbohydrate chemistry, dimethoxymethane is often used for theoretical studies of the anomeric effect.
Applications
Industrially, it is primarily used as a solvent and in the manufacture of perfumes, resins, adhesives, paint strippers and protective coatings. Another application is as a gasoline-additive for increasing octane number. Dimethoxymethane can also be used for blending with diesel.
Reagent in organic synthesis
Another useful application of dimethoxymethane is to protect alcohols with a methoxymethyl (MOM) ether in organic synthesis. This can be done using phosphorus pentoxide in dry dichloromethane or chloroform. This is a preferred method to using chloromethyl methyl ether (MOMCl). Alternatively, MOMCl can be prepared as a solution in a methyl ester solvent by reacting dimethoxymethane and an acyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst like zinc bromide:
MeOCH2OMe + RC(=O)Cl → MeOCH2Cl + RC(=O)(OMe)).
The solution of the reagent can be used directly without purification, minimizing contact with the carcinogenic chloromethyl methyl ether. Unlike the classical procedure, which uses formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride as starting materials, the highly carcinogenic side product bis(chloromethyl) ether is not generated.
References
External links
Ether solvents
Formals
Methoxy compounds |
5613431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20Auto%202%3A%20Battlelines | Full Auto 2: Battlelines | Full Auto 2: Battlelines is the second Full Auto game and is available on the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable. It is developed by Pseudo Interactive on PS3 and by Deep Fried Entertainment on PSP and published by Sega. With the closing down of Pseudo Interactive in 2008, the online servers for Full Auto 2 no longer had a means to survive. As of July-16-2014 the online servers have been completely shutdown.
Gameplay
Full Auto 2 features the same controller configuration as the Xbox 360 version. The points system from the first game was removed. The upgrades for the weapons from the front and rear are no longer featured in the game. It features Base Assault (online only) where one team must defend the base, while the others will charge and destroy their rivals, as well as their base.
In the single player mode, players have to get to the end of the track by a certain time or destroy a certain number of objects or vehicles to win. The player also at times must complete a race by making sure an ally survives the laps or time allotted.
Career mode entails that the player completes primary objectives to continue/pass the level that usually consists of protecting an alley, finishing a race first, or by killing a selected target. The target is occasionally a boss battle, of which there are quite a few, in this game, sometimes in large battle arenas that are a bit like a gladiator coliseum. Players may also complete secondary objectives at each level, but must complete the primary objectives first to complete the level to earn the completed secondary objectives. There are always secondary objectives usually consisting of three in number. When you complete the required primary objectives you may be rewarded with a car or a weapon and if you complete the designated number of secondary objectives you may obtain a car, weapon, or car skins that consists of various paint schemes.
Synopsis
The plot of Career mode in the PS3 version involves SAGE, a sentient who is tasked with guiding Meridian City (in which the game is set in) through times of crises, recruits the player to face off against the Ascendants, a group that tries to take over and terrorize the city through vehicular-combat tournaments. The player is to compete, facing off against rivals (who are ranked) and challengers (who are not) as well as their lieutenants. Within each defeat, this allows SAGE to help locate her safeguard component, which shuts down her programming should she ever turn hostile towards humanity, and recover her database that contains her learning history.
Eventually the player comes across the Ascendants' leader who drives the "S" class vehicle Warlord that contains SAGE's safeguard. After the leader is defeated and the safeguard shut down, SAGE's database is reactivated and through her learning history, deduces by machine theory that the only way to protect humanity from themselves is through their destruction. The player is forced to fight her, whose database is in another "S" class vehicle named Executioner, and her personal army and chases her to her lair, a deserted military base where she prepares to have Meridian City destroyed. Through the use of weapons located there, SAGE is eventually defeated by the player.
In the PSP version, SAGE has been created as a supercomputer to aid the world, rather than just one city, against natural disasters that had already claimed millions of lives during the past two decades leading up to the present. As the supercomputer had easily come up with solutions faster than humanity could or was unable to solve, their dependence on SAGE greatly increased, ultimately serving her as a result. In response, vehicular-combat tournaments are held by the Master/Slave Organization (MSO), a group of scientists turned revolutionary wannabes whose aim is to ensure the end of SAGE's influence. Knowing that the battles would weaken SAGE's core and cause it to fail, they would ultimately take control of the world themselves. Many years afterwards, the MSO is ravaged by the very combat they have hosted, leaving total superiority up to anyone who is able to control both the MSO and the competition.
The player enters the MSO's tournaments for their own purposes, rather than assisting SAGE. After defeating rivals across the Americas, Europe, and Asia, the MSO's leader, Nosferatu, is revealed to fight with his lair as a castle in Northern Europe. After his defeat, the player can allow SAGE to continue its status as mankind's guardian or have her destroyed, therefore returning mankind to a state of self determination.
Reception
The game received "mixed or average reviews" on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
References
External links
Official site
2006 video games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation Portable games
Sega video games
Vehicular combat games
Video games developed in Canada
Video games scored by Rom Di Prisco
Video games scored by Tom Salta |
2520305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holger%20Bech%20Nielsen | Holger Bech Nielsen | Holger Bech Nielsen (born 25 August 1941) is a Danish theoretical physicist, Professor emeritus at the Niels Bohr Institute, at the University of Copenhagen, where he started studying physics in 1961.
Work
Nielsen has made original contributions to theoretical particle physics, specifically in the field of string theory. Independently of Nambu and Susskind, he was the first to propose that the Veneziano model was actually a theory of strings and this is why he is considered among the fathers of string theory. He was awarded the highly esteemed Humboldt Prize in 2001 for his scientific research. Several physics concepts are named after him, e.g. Nielsen–Olesen vortex and the Nielsen-Ninomiya no-go theorem for representing chiral fermions on the lattice. In the original Dual-Models, which later would be recognized as the origins of string theory, the Koba-Nielsen variables are also named after him and his collaborator Ziro Koba.
Nielsen is known in Denmark for his enthusiastic public lectures on physics and string theory, and he is often interviewed in daily news, especially on matters regarding particle physics.
In a series of recent (2009) papers uploaded on the arXiv.org web site, Nielsen and fellow physicist Masao Ninomiya proposed a radical theory to explain the seemingly improbable series of failures preventing the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) from becoming operational. The collider was intended to be used to find evidence of the hypothetical Higgs boson particle. They suggested that the particle might be so abhorrent to nature that its creation would ripple backward through time and stop the collider before it could create one, in a fashion similar to the time travel Grandfather paradox. Subsequently the LHC claimed the discovery of Higgs boson on 4 July 2012.
Nielsen is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
References
Further reading
Leake, J. (18 October 2009) A particle God doesn’t want us to discover The Sunday Times
Nielsen, H. B. & Ninomiya, M. (2009) Test of Effect from Future in Large Hadron Collider; A Proposal
Nielsen, H. B. & Ninomiya, M. (2009) Search for Future Influence from LHC
Nielsen, H. B. & Ninomiya, M. (2009) Card game restriction in LHC can only be successful!
External links
Holger Bech Nielsen, personal page.
Teorien om alting/The Theory of Everything, Internet Movie Database.
Videnskaben eller Gud?/Science Or God?, webpage about the book in Danish.
1941 births
Living people
Danish physicists
String theorists
Particle physicists
University of Copenhagen alumni
University of Copenhagen faculty
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Theoretical physicists |
18326321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziedno | Dziedno | Dziedno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sośno, within Sępólno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Sośno, east of Sępólno Krajeńskie, and north-west of Bydgoszcz.
References
Dziedno |
3366420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahmacun | Lahmacun | Lahmacun ( also lahmajun and other spellings) is a round, thin piece of dough topped with minced meat (most commonly beef or lamb), minced vegetables, and herbs including onions, garlic, tomatoes, red peppers, and parsley, flavored with spices such as chili pepper and paprika, then baked. Lahmacun is often wrapped around vegetables, including pickles, tomatoes, peppers, onions, lettuce, parsley, and roasted eggplant.
Due to its shape and superficial similarity, it is sometimes described as Turkish pizza, Armenian pizza, or similar names. However, unlike pizza, lahmacun is not usually prepared with cheese and the crust is thinner.
Lahmacun is a popular dish in Armenia, where it is also called lamadjo; in Turkey (lahmacun), Iraq, Lebanon and Syria), Israel, (lahm bi 'ajin) and in Armenian, Turkish, and Arab communities worldwide.
Etymology
The name entered English from and , both of which derive from the , , , meaning "meat with dough". The Turkish word is pronounced like "lah-ma-june".
History
Flatbreads in the Middle East have been cooked in tandoors and on metal frying pans such as the tava for thousands of years. They have been used to wrap meat and other foods for convenience and portability. However, until the wider adoption in medieval times of the large stone ovens, flatbreads stuffed or topped with meat or other foods were not baked together, cooking the bread and the topping at the same time. A variety of such dishes, such as sfiha and manakish, became popular in countries formerly parts of the Ottoman Empire, especially Turkey, Armenia, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq. A thin flatbread, topped with spiced ground meat, became known as lahm b'ajin (meat with dough), shortened to lahmajin and similar names.
Until the mid-20th century, lahmacun was not known in Istanbul. Before the dish became widespread in Turkey after the 1950s, it was found in Arab countries and the south-eastern regions of Turkey, around Urfa and Gaziantep.
Food wars
Due to the hostile nature of the relations between Armenia and Turkey, the opening of Armenian restaurants serving the food in Russia was met by some protests.
Kim Kardashian an American model of Armenian heritage posted a video her Instagram saying "Who knows about lahmacun? This is our Armenian pizza," "My dad would always put string cheese on it and then put it in the oven and get it really crispy," this sparked outrage among Turkish social media users and had lashed out at her for describing lahmacun as "Armenian pizza".
References
Arab cuisine
Flatbread dishes
Assyrian cuisine
Armenian cuisine
Israeli cuisine
Iraqi cuisine
Levantine cuisine
Turkish cuisine |
14986977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasse%20Hessel | Lasse Hessel | Lasse Leif Hessel (9 September 1940 – 25 April 2019) also known as "the family doctor", is a Danish inventor, author and MD noted for such inventions as the Femidom and the Femi-X pill, and an internationally acknowledged expert on nutrition and dietary fibre.
Biography
He studied medicine at the University of Copenhagen, and in the early 1970s began to collect research data on public health and nutrition for the Danish government.
This led to writing a medical column for the daily newspaper Politiken and serving as nutrition advisor for the Danish bread manufacturer Schulstad, an assignment which resulted in bread with more fiber.
He also produced a government-sponsored, educational tv series, Sund og slank (healthy and slim) in 1974, accompanied by a book of the same name, which sold 750.000 copies, his first huge publishing success. Later followed many more books, including several best-sellers, and a health magazine, Lev vel (live well) (1977).
In 1976, Hessel developed a trimness-pill called Fiber Trim, followed ten years later by his diet-pill Gastrolette, later marketed as Minus Calories and Zotrim.
In 1975, Hessel started The Family Doctor, a newspaper cartoon inspired by his experiences as a GP. The series was syndicated by The New York Times to newspapers and magazines in 42 countries. It reached a daily readership in excess of 320 million, ran for 14 years and made Lasse Hessel internationally famous.
Hessel's best-known invention is probably the Femidom, also called the female condom. He developed it after hearing about the lack of options available for women trying to avoid HIV/AIDS. It launched in Europe in 1990 and was approved by the FDA for sale in the United States in 1993. Today, its production is sponsored by World Health Organization and the United Nations. In 2000, the success of the Femidom was recognized with the Queen's Awards for Enterprise in the international trade category.
In 1991, Hessel published a bestselling book and videotape called Window on Love, based on his research with ultrasound scans, which he used to study how the penis moves inside the woman's pelvis during sexual intercourse. The book demonstrates how the penis can stimulate various sensitive areas of the vagina, leading to a more satisfying sex life. It was published in several languages and was followed by a whole series of health books on sexually related subjects such as safe sex, sensual massage, etc.
Another invention, the Femi-X pill, is a sort of Viagra for women suffering from sexual dysfunction. It was developed in cooperation with King's College and launched worldwide in 2004. Based on a mixture of herbal ingredients, the Femi-X pill allegedly enhances the female libido by stimulating blood flow and natural brain activity. It was accompanied by an educational DVD, Femi-X and Beyond (2004), hosted by Danish sexologist Joan Ørting.
Other systems invented by Hessel include the Aqua Wall (1978), an indoor waterfall designed to improve the environmental condition; a remover of insect poison; a remover of pimples; Cellastic (1986), a protective material based on human cell structure; the Bio Tap, a titanium ring system for secure attachment of stoma bags; the DiaTest saliva collection kit; and the DiaQuick, a diagnostic system for early detection of breast cancer.
Towards the end of his life, Hessel ran his own research company, Medic House, based in Denmark, and was co-owner of Natures Remedies, a company in London, while living with his wife and four children in the small Danish harbor town Svendborg.
Hessel died in Svendborg, Denmark on September 19, 2019.
Bibliography
Lasse Hessel: Sund og slank (1974)
Lasse Hessel: The Family Doctor (1975)
Lasse Hessel: Slank med fiber (1990)
Lasse Hessel: Kærlighedens vindue aka Window on Love (1991)
Lasse Hessel: Graviditet og fødsel (1991)
Lasse Hessel: Skadestuen (1992)
Lasse Hessel: Hvad er fibre? (1992)
Lasse Hessel: Kærlighedens signaler (1992)
Lasse Hessel: Alkohol og dit helbred (1992)
Lasse Hessel: Maveproblemer (1992)
Lasse Hessel: Stress (1992)
Lasse Hessel: Mavesår (1992)
Lasse Hessel: Akupunktur (1992)
Lasse Hessel: Medicin - virkning og bivirkninger (1993)
References
External links
Biographical article in medical journal Dagens Medicin
Biographical article in e-pages.org
1940 births
Danish scientists
20th-century Danish inventors
Danish general practitioners
2019 deaths
21st-century Danish inventors |
33068584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Black | Matthew Black | Rev Matthew Black (3 September 1908, Kilmarnock – 2 October 1994, St Andrews) was a Scottish minister and biblical scholar. He was the first editor of the journal, New Testament Studies.
Life
He was born in Kilmarnock the son of James Black. He attended Kilmarnock Academy.
After earning an M.A. and B.D. in Old Testament at the University of Glasgow, Black then studied at the University of Bonn and returned to the University of Glasgow for his D.Litt.
From 1942 to 1947 he was minister of Dunbarney.
From 1952 to 1954 he was Professor of Biblical Criticism and Antiquities at Edinburgh University and from 1954 to 1978 Professor of Divinity and Biblical Criticism at St Andrews University.
In 1968 he was President of the Society of Old Testament Studies.
He died in St Andrews in Fife.
New Testament Work
Together with Kurt Aland, Carlo Maria Martini, Bruce M. Metzger and Allen Wikgren, Black served on the editorial committee that established the Greek text and critical apparatuses in the standard hand editions of the Greek New Testament: the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (26th edition, published by the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft first in 1979 and revised in 1983) and the United Bible Societies' The Greek New Testament (3rd edition, published by the United Bible Societies in 1983).
Family
He married Ethel M. Hall in 1938.
Works
Books
Edited by
See also
Aramaic New Testament
References
1908 births
1994 deaths
People from Kilmarnock
People educated at Kilmarnock Academy
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
University of Bonn alumni
20th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Academics of the University of St Andrews
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellows of the British Academy
Old Testament scholars
New Testament scholars
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
British biblical scholars |
38108585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakin | Rakin | Rakin or Rokin () may refer to:
Rakin, Hamadan
Rakin, Markazi |
510143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fen | Preußen | Preußen or Preussen is the German word for Prussia.
It also refers to:
Ships
Preußen (ship), windjammer built in 1902
SMS Preußen (1873), armored frigate
SMS Preußen (1903), pre-dreadnought Battleship
, vorpostenboot
Football
BFC Preussen, football club in Berlin
SC Preußen Münster, football club in Münster
SV Viktoria Preußen 07, football club in Frankfurt
Preußen Danzig, former football club in Danzig (Gdańsk)
Other
5628 Preussen, asteroid
See also
Preußisch (disambiguation)
Prussia (disambiguation)
German words and phrases |
6104516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20Island%20%28Wisconsin%29 | Rock Island (Wisconsin) | Rock Island is a mostly wooded island off the tip of Wisconsin's Door Peninsula at the mouth of Green Bay, in Door County, Wisconsin. The island is approximately long and wide. It rises to 65 meters above Lake Michigan, making it the highest in elevation out of all the Potawatomi Islands. It is almost entirely owned by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, which maintains Rock Island State Park. It is the northernmost part of the town of Washington.
History
Rock Island was originally settled by Native Americans. European explorers and missionaries used it as one of several stops along the Grand Traverse route between the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and Wisconsin.
The island became a navigational landmark in 1836 following the construction of the Potawatomi Lighthouse on the northern tip.
The first settlers of European descent on the island included John A. Boone, James McNeil, George Lovejoy, David E. Corbin, Jack Arnold, and Louis Lebue. All were fishermen and trappers from St. Helena Island in what is now the state of Michigan. They came from 1835–1836.
Boone was able to speak Chippewa and was considered the leader. McNeil was the first taxpayer in the county, and owned the entire south shore of the island. He was murdered, but by whom is unknown. After he died, other settlers searched for his stockpile of gold coins, but they were never found. Corbin kept the lighthouse on the island. Arnold was his friend and also lived in the lighthouse.
Louis Lebue, after the death of his wife on the island, left for Chicago where his constant talking about the wonders of Rock Island influenced several families from Lemont, Illinois in the Chicago area to move to Rock Island. This group, known as the Illinois colony, increased until nearly fifty families lived at the "old settlement" area on the east shore where they shared the island with an almost equal number of Potawatomi families. One member of the Illinois colony was Perry Graham, who moved south and founded Sturgeon Bay.
One notable 19th century incident occurred when an itinerant evangelist attempted to officiate at two weddings in a single ceremony. He accidentally had the two grooms exchange vows with each other, and did likewise with the two brides. This caused an uproar among the assembled guests and directly afterwards the officiating witnesses intervened. They all started over and correctly exchanged vows.
Fishing supported this early colony and the first government for the Town of Washington was formed there on June 20, 1850. By 1863, Rock Island had its first school, but already the exodus from the island had begun as settlers moved to other parts of Door County. The lack of good harbors and the inconveniences resulting from the isolation hastened the move. By 1875 the island was all but deserted until Chester Thordarson's activities. Grave markers of some of the original settlers still remain on the north shore of the island.
In 1910 wealthy inventor Chester Thordarson purchased of the island. on the southwest side of the island were cleared in 1920 and Thordarson began construction of a summer estate, now known as the Thordarson Estate Historic District. His large boathouse, which is decorated with characters from the Norse Runic alphabet, is open to the public. The district also includes Thordarson's water tower.
The border between Wisconsin and Michigan was originally defined as "the most usual ship channel" into Green Bay from Lake Michigan but commercial routes existed both to the north and south of the island which lead to a border dispute. In 1936, the U.S. Supreme Court decision Wisconsin v. Michigan found that Rock and other nearby islands were part of Wisconsin.
The Wisconsin DNR purchased the island and buildings from Thordarson's heirs in 1965. Today the only other landholder on the island is the US Coast Guard, which maintains an automated navigation light near the old lighthouse.
Lighthouse
The Rock Island Lighthouse was one of several the government had constructed at the time, and the woodworking around the door frames and windows are from these plans. The main structure is two stories, four including the basement and lantern room. The main two floors have walls of foot-thick limestone, while the lantern room is surrounded only by wood. The lighthouse also includes a summer kitchen, which the lighthouse keepers would use during the warmer months. This room is currently used as a gift shop and makeshift kitchen.
The lighthouse has been restored to its original condition by the Friends of Rock Island State Park including obtaining a replica of the Fresnel lens used in the original light. In the summer, volunteer docents give tours, staying for a week at a time. There is no running water or electricity in the lighthouse, but one room is heated.
Carvings
On Rock Island, there are carvings which were made by workers who helped build the Thordarson buildings. These carvings can still be seen today.
Plant life
Rock Island has flowers such as Trillium, Jack in the pulpit, and lady's slipper in abundance, as well as other plants, such as cow parsnip, Indian paintbrush, and poison ivy. The non-native Icelandic thyme was planted on the island by Thordarson.
Transportation
Rock Island can be reached via a passenger ferry named the Karfi from Washington Island. No vehicles, including bicycles, are permitted on the island.
Gallery
References
Further reading
External links
Icelandic-American culture in Wisconsin
Islands of Door County, Wisconsin
Islands of Lake Michigan in Wisconsin
Uninhabited islands of Wisconsin
Former disputed islands
Car-free zones in the United States |
424789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20history | Cultural history | Cultural history combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. It examines the records and narrative descriptions of past matter, encompassing the continuum of events (occurring in succession and leading from the past to the present and even into the future) about a culture.
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales.
Description
Many current cultural historians claim it to be a new approach, but cultural history was referred to by nineteenth-century historians such as the Swiss scholar of Renaissance history Jacob Burckhardt.
Cultural history overlaps in its approaches with the French movements of histoire des mentalités (Philippe Poirrier, 2004) and the so-called new history, and in the U.S. it is closely associated with the field of American studies. As originally conceived and practiced in the 19th century by Burckhardt, in relation to the Italian Renaissance, cultural history was oriented to the study of a particular historical period in its entirety, with regard not only to its painting, sculpture, and architecture, but to the economic basis underpinning society, and to the social institutions of its daily life. Echoes of Burkhardt's approach in the 20th century can be seen in Johan Huizinga's The Waning of the Middle Ages (1919).
Most often the focus is on phenomena shared by non-elite groups in a society, such as: carnival, festival, and public rituals; performance traditions of tale, epic, and other verbal forms; cultural evolutions in human relations (ideas, sciences, arts, techniques); and cultural expressions of social movements such as nationalism. Cultural history also examines main historical concepts as power, ideology, class, culture, cultural identity, attitude, race, perception and new historical methods as narration of body. Many studies consider adaptations of traditional culture to mass media (television, radio, newspapers, magazines, posters, etc.), from print to film and, now, to the Internet (culture of capitalism). Its modern approaches come from art history, Annales, Marxist school, microhistory and new cultural history.
Common theoretical touchstones for recent cultural history have included: Jürgen Habermas's formulation of the public sphere in The Structural Transformation of the Bourgeois Public Sphere; Clifford Geertz's notion of 'thick description' (expounded in, for example, The Interpretation of Cultures); and the idea of memory as a cultural-historical category, as discussed in Paul Connerton's How Societies Remember.
Historiography and the French Revolution
The area where new-style cultural history is often pointed to as being almost a paradigm is the 'revisionist' history of the French Revolution, dated somewhere since François Furet's massively influential 1978 essay Interpreting the French Revolution. The 'revisionist interpretation' is often characterized as replacing the allegedly dominant, allegedly Marxist, 'social interpretation' which locates the causes of the Revolution in class dynamics. The revisionist approach has tended to put more emphasis on 'political culture'. Reading ideas of political culture through Habermas' conception of the public sphere, historians of the Revolution in the past few decades have looked at the role and position of cultural themes such as gender, ritual, and ideology in the context of pre-revolutionary French political culture.
Historians who might be grouped under this umbrella are Roger Chartier, Robert Darnton, Patrice Higonnet, Lynn Hunt, Keith Baker, Joan Landes, Mona Ozouf, and Sarah Maza. Of course, these scholars all pursue fairly diverse interests, and perhaps too much emphasis has been placed on the paradigmatic nature of the new history of the French Revolution. Colin Jones, for example, is no stranger to cultural history, Habermas, or Marxism, and has persistently argued that the Marxist interpretation is not dead, but can be revivified; after all, Habermas' logic was heavily indebted to a Marxist understanding. Meanwhile, Rebecca Spang has also recently argued that for all its emphasis on difference and newness, the 'revisionist' approach retains the idea of the French Revolution as a watershed in the history of (so-called) modernity and that the problematic notion of 'modernity has itself attracted scant attention.
Cultural studies
Cultural studies is an academic discipline popular among a diverse group of scholars. It combines political economy, geography, sociology, social theory, literary theory, film/video studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, and art history/criticism to study cultural phenomena in various societies. Cultural studies researchers often concentrate on how a particular phenomenon relates to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender. The term was coined by Richard Hoggart in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. It has since become strongly associated with Stuart Hall, who succeeded Hoggart as Director.
Cultural history in popular culture
The BBC has produced and broadcast a number of educational television programmes on different aspects of human cultural history: in 1969 Civilisation, in 1973 The Ascent of Man, in 1985 The Triumph of the West and in 2012 Andrew Marr's History of the World.
See also
Collective unconscious
Ethnohistory
History of mentalities
Human history
References
Further reading
Arcangeli, Alessandro. (2011) Cultural History: A Concise Introduction (Routledge, 2011)
Burke, Peter. (2004). What is Cultural History?. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Cook, James W., et al. The Cultural Turn in U. S. History: Past, Present, and Future (2009) excerpt; 14 topical essays by scholars
Ginzburg "challenges us all to retrieve a cultural and social world that more conventional history does not record." -Back Cover
Green, Anna. (2008). Cultural History. Theory and History. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Hérubel, Jean-Pierre V.M. (2010, January). "Observations on an Emergent Specialization: Contemporary French Cultural History. Significance for Scholarship." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 41#2 pp. 216–240.
Kelly, Michael. "Le regard de l’étranger: What French cultural studies bring to French cultural history." French Cultural Studies (2014) 25#3-4 pp: 253-261.
Kırlı, Cengiz. "From Economic History to Cultural History in Ottoman Studies." International Journal of Middle East Studies (2014) 46#2 pp: 376-378.
Laqueur, Walter, ed. Weimar: A cultural history (Routledge, 2017); Germany in 1920s.
McCaffery, Peter Gabriel, and Ben Marsden, eds. The Cultural History Reader (Routledge, 2014)
Melching, W., & Velema, W. (1994). Main trends in cultural history: ten essays. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Moore, Alison M. "Historicising Historical Theory's History of Cultural Historiography". Cosmos & History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, 12 (1), February 2016, 257-291.
Moore, Alison, "What Became of Cultural Historicism in the French Reclamation of Strasbourg After World War One?" French History and Civilization 5, 2014, 1-15
Morris, I. Archaeology as Cultural History: Words and Things in Iron Age Greece. (Blackwell Publishing, 1999).
Munslow, Alun. Deconstructing History. (Routledge, 1997).
Picón-Salas, Mariano. A cultural history of Spanish America (U of California Press, 2020).
Poirrier, Philippe (2004), Les Enjeux de l’histoire culturelle, Seuil.
Poster, M. (1997). Cultural history and postmodernity: disciplinary readings and challenges. New York: Columbia University Press.
Rickard, John. Australia: A cultural history (Monash University Publishing, 2017).
Rietbergen, Peter. Europe: a cultural history (Routledge, 2020).
Ritter, H. Dictionary of concepts in history. (Greenwood Press, 1986)
Salmi, H. "Cultural History, the Possible, and the Principle of Plenitude." History and Theory 50 (May 2011), 171-187.
Schlereth, T. J. Cultural history and material culture: everyday life, landscapes, museums. American material culture and folklife. (Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Research Press, 1990).
Schwarz, Georg, Kulturexperimente im Altertum, Berlin: SI Symposion, 2010.
Spang, Rebecca. (2008). "Paradigms and Paranoia: how modern is the French Revolution?" American Historical Review, in JSTOR
Van Young, Eric. "The New Cultural History Comes to Old Mexico." in Writing Mexican History (Stanford UP, 2020) pp. 223-264.
External links
International Society for Cultural History
Web Portal on Historical Culture and Historiography
History
Theories of history
Fields of history |
55135404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Elairs%20Cay | Saint Elairs Cay | Saint Elairs Cay is a small uninhabited island in the Grenadines. It belongs to the island State of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and lies between the islands of Bequia and Petit Nevis.
References
Uninhabited islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
10525376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989%20Soviet%20Top%20League | 1989 Soviet Top League | The 1989 Soviet Top League season was the 52nd since its establishment. Dnepr Dnepropetrovsk were the defending 2-times champions.
The season began on 11 March with six games played on the date and lasted until 27 October 1990. The season was won by FC Spartak Moscow.
Teams
Promoted teams
FC Pamir Dushanbe – champion (debut)
FC Rotor Volgograd – 2nd place (returning for the first time since 1950 after 39 seasons, known as Torpedo Stalingrad)
Location
Final standings
Results
Top scorers
16 goals
Sergey Rodionov (Spartak Moscow)
13 goals
Georgi Kondratyev (Chornomorets)
11 goals
Igor Dobrovolsky (Dinamo Moscow)
Vladimir Grechnev (Torpedo Moscow)
Igor Kolyvanov (Dinamo Moscow)
Yuri Savichev (Torpedo Moscow)
Valeri Shmarov (Spartak Moscow)
10 goals
Mykola Kudrytsky (Dnipro)
9 goals
Mikhail Rusyayev (Lokomotiv Moscow)
Yuri Tarasov (Metalist)
Medal squads
(league appearances and goals listed in brackets)
Number of teams by union republic
References
External links
1989 season at FootballFacts.ru
Soviet Top League seasons
1
Soviet
Soviet |
39146410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anahita%20Nemati | Anahita Nemati | Anahita Nemati (; born July 11, 1977) also known as Ana Nemati is an Iranian actress and model.
She began acting in 1996. She first appeared on screen in a movie called Hiva and after that in a TV serial called Mosafer. She is also an experienced and talented dress designer.
Filmography
Aal
Payane Dovom
The Swallows in Love
Ice age
Yeki Az Ma Do Nafar
Penhan
Yeki Mikhad Bahat Harf Bezaneh
Hadafe Asli
Zane Dovom
Six and Five
Dar Emtedade Shahr
Barf Rooye Shirvanie Dagh Barkhord Kheyli Nazdik Hiva
Soghate Farang''
Da'vat
Immortality
Awards
Fajr Film's award because of acting in "Aal" movie
References
Anahita Album www.aksdownload.com
External links
www.annahitanemati.com
www.1ana-nemati.blogfa.com
1977 births
20th-century Iranian actresses
21st-century Iranian actresses
Living people
People from Shahrud, Iran
Iranian female models |
24167436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky%20flycatcher | Dusky flycatcher | Dusky flycatcher may refer to:
American dusky flycatcher
African dusky flycatcher |
13066622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharman%20Kadish | Sharman Kadish | Sharman Kadish (born 1959) is a contemporary scholar, author, historian and preservationist.
Biography
Kadish was born in London, England, of Russian Jewish descent. Her father was the artist Norman Maurice Kadish. She was educated at University College London, and St Antony's College, Oxford, where she received her doctorate in modern history. From 1986 to 1987 she was a Scheinbrun Visiting Post-doctoral Research Fellow at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Her first book, based on her DPhil, Bolsheviks and British Jews was winner of a Choice Outstanding Academic Book award in 1993. From 1992 to 1993 she was Camperdown House Research Fellow at Royal Holloway College, University of London, during which time she researched and wrote A Good Jew and a Good Englishman, a centenary, but critical, history of the youth movement the Jewish Lads' and Girls' Brigade. Between 1994 and 1997 she returned to the Hebrew University where she worked at the Center for Jewish Art, helping to develop the Architecture Section of the Index of Jewish Art, whilst pursuing her interest in Anglo-Jewish Architecture and its preservation.
In 1991, following a conference in London that she organised, Kadish founded the Working Party on Jewish Monuments in the UK & Ireland, a pressure group campaigning for the protection of historic synagogues, cemeteries and other sites of Jewish interest in the country. This was the precursor to Jewish Heritage UK, a preservation charity, that she founded and directed between 2004 and 2016.
In 1997, she returned to Britain to embark on a national Survey of the Jewish Built Heritage in the UK and Ireland, a project made possible principally by the Heritage Lottery Fund. Her pioneering guidebook Jewish Heritage in England was first published by English Heritage in 2006 and a second edition, expanded, revised and updated, was published under the new title of Jewish Heritage in Britain and Ireland in 2015. A companion architectural guidebook Jewish Heritage in Gibraltar appeared in 2007. Her monograph The Synagogues of Britain and Ireland: An Architectural and Social History (Yale University Press 2011) was shortlisted for the American Society of Historians of British Art Prize in 2013.
As well as teaching undergraduate and postgraduate courses on Modern Jewish History and Jewish Art and Architecture at the Universities of London and Manchester, Kadish has worked in the Heritage Sector since 1987, both in the voluntary sector and in private practice.
Selected publications
Bolsheviks and British Jews London & Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1992.
A Good Jew & a Good Englishman: The Jewish Lads' & Girls' Brigade, 1895–1995 London, Vallentine Mitchell, 1995
Building Jerusalem: Jewish Architecture in Britain London, Vallentine Mitchell, 1996
Synagogues in Places of Worship Series [for children] Oxford, Heinemann Library, 1998
Bevis Marks Synagogue 1701–2001 Swindon, English Heritage, 2001
Jewish Heritage in England; An Architectural Guide Swindon, English Heritage, 2006
Jewish Heritage in Gibraltar, An Architectural Guide Reading, Spire Books, 2007
The Synagogues of Britain and Ireland: An Architectural and Social History New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 2011
Jewish Heritage in Britain and Ireland: An Architectural Guide Swindon, Historic England, 2015
Numerous articles in academic and popular journals and the press.
References
External links
Articles on Jewish Heritage
1959 births
Living people
British historians
Alumni of University College London
Alumni of St Antony's College, Oxford
British women historians |
10499839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux%20Technology%20Center | Linux Technology Center | The IBM Linux Technology Center (LTC) is an organization focused on development for the Linux kernel and related open-source software projects. In 1999, IBM created the LTC to combine its software developers interested in Linux and other open-source software into a single organization. Much of the LTC's early effort was focused on making "all of its server platforms Linux friendly." The LTC collaborated with the Linux community to make Linux run optimally on processor architectures such as x86, mainframe, PowerPC, and Power ISA. In recent years, the focus of the LTC has expanded to include several other open source initiatives.
With about 185 IBM employees working for the LTC in 1999, this number grew steadily to about 600 in 2006, 300 of whom worked full-time on Linux.
In December 2000, IBM claimed to have invested approximately one billion US dollars in Linux by the year 2000, and to currently have about 1,500 developers working on the alternative operating system. It announced that it would invest a similar amount in 2001 and also build the largest Linux-based supercomputer for Royal Dutch/Shell Oil. While most of the money was invested in Linux development, some of it went into others, mainly AIX. The following year, senior vice president Bill Zeitler claimed to have recouped most of this spending in the first year through the sale of software and systems.
Details
Developers in the LTC contribute to various open-source projects such as:
Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) on x86 and Power systems, including Kimchi
Apache Hadoop
OpenStack
OpenPOWER Foundation
GNU toolchain
Open source standards
LTC is a worldwide team with main locations in Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, India, Israel, and the United States.
References
External links
Joe Barr, 2001: Inside IBM's Linux Technology Center
IBM
Linux organizations |
17337893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20littoralis | Amara littoralis | Amara littoralis is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae. It is native to parts of Asia.
References
Notes
Citations
littoralis
Beetles of Asia
Beetles described in 1828
Taxa named by Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean |
4295998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franko%20B | Franko B | Franko B (born in Milan in 1960) is an Italian performance artist based in London, where he has lived since 1979. He studied fine art at Camberwell College of Arts (1986–87), Chelsea College of Art (1987–90) and the Byam Shaw School of Art (1990–91). His work was originally based on the bloody and ritualised violation of his own body. Later on he embraced a wide variety of media including video, photography, painting, installation, and sculpture.
He performed at the ICA, London in 1996 and 2008, the South London Gallery in 1999 and 2004, the Centre of Attention in 2000, Tate Modern in 2002, the Ikon Gallery, Birmingham in 2005, Arnolfini, Bristol in 2007, The Bluecoat Centre, Liverpool in 2008, CENDEAC, Murcia, Spain in 2007 and The Crawford Art Gallery in Cork, Ireland in 2005. He has exhibited work internationally in Zagreb, Mexico City, Milan, Amsterdam, Antwerp, Copenhagen, Madrid, Vienna, Brussels, Warsaw, Dublin and Siena.
From 2009 to 2016 he taught sculpture at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Macerata in Italy. In 2017 he was appointed Professor of Sculpture at Accademia Albertina in Turin. He has also lectured extensively at a number of art schools, including Saint Martin's School of Art; New York University; the Ruskin School of Fine Art, Oxford; Chelsea College of Art, London; Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art, Dundee; DasArts, Amsterdam; Goldsmiths' College of Art, London; Zurich University of the Arts; and the Courtauld Institute of Art.
His work is the subject of four monographs: Franko B (Black Dog Publishing, London, 1998), Oh Lover Boy, (Black Dog Publishing, London, 2000), Blinded by Love (Damiani Editore, Bologna, 2006) and I Still Love (Motta/Il Sole 24 Ore, Milan, 2010).
An archive of materials related to his work is held as part of the University of Bristol's Theatre Collection.
In April 2013, Franko B's work appeared on the cover and insert for the UK Decay album New Hope for the Dead.
Further reading
Brayshaw, Teresa, Anna Fenemore, Noel Witts, The Twenty-First Century Performance Reader, Routledge, New York, 2019
Doyle, Jennifer, Hold It Against Me: Difficulty and Emotion in Contemporary Art, Duke University Press, Durham, 2013
Goldberg, RoseLee, Performance: Live Art Since 1960, Thames & Hudson, 1998
Johnson, Dominic, Franko B: Blinded by Love, Damiani, Bologne, 2006
Mahon, Alyce, Eroticism and Art, Oxford University Press, 2007
Vergine, Lea, Body Art and Performance: The Body as Language, Skira, Milan, 2000
Warr, Tracey and Jones, Amelia, The Artist's Body, Phaidon Press, London, 2000
References
British performance artists
Alumni of Chelsea College of Arts
1960 births
Living people
Italian contemporary artists
English contemporary artists
Body art
Alumni of the Byam Shaw School of Art
Alumni of Camberwell College of Arts |
54415077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartilla | Quartilla | Quartilla is a character in the Satyricon which is said to be the "first picaresque" novel in Latin although it is not completely extant. This story was written by Petronius Arbiter in the first century. Quartilla is a follower of the god Priapus and she and her maids are involved with seducing and torturing three of the characters, Encolpius, Ascyltum, and Giton.
She has been the subject of artistic and academic study. It has been proposed that she represents Octavia and her name is a pun like reference for the reader.
References
Bibliography
External links
Fictional ancient Romans
Satyricon |
53587931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard%20Labor%20Creek | Hard Labor Creek | Hard Labor Creek may refer to:
Hard Labor Creek (Georgia), stream in Morgan County, Georgia
Hard Labor Creek Observatory, observatory in Rutledge, Georgia
Hard Labor Creek Regional Reservoir, reservoir in Walton County, Georgia
Hard Labor Creek State Park, Georgia state park
See also
Hard labor (disambiguation) |
60783174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilla%20%28city%29 | Cilla (city) | Cilla or Killa () was a town of ancient Aeolis and later of ancient Mysia, mentioned by Homer in the Iliad, alongside the cities Chryse and Tenedus.
The city is mentioned by other Greek writers. Herodotus counted Cilia as one of the eleven old Aeolian cities of Asia.
Strabo places Cilia in the Adramyttene: He says, "...near to Thebe is now a place named Cilia, where the temple of Apollo Cillaeus is; there flows by it the river Cillos which comes from Ida; both Chrysa and Cilla are near Antandrus; also the hill Cillaeum in Lesbos derived its name from this Cilla; and there is a mountain Cillaeum between Gargara and Antandrus; Daes of Colonae says that the temple of Apollo Cillaeus was first built at Colonae by the Aeolians, who came from Hellas; and they say that a temple of Apollo Cillaeus was also built at Chrysa, but it is uncertain whether this Apollo was the same as Smintheus, or another."
According to fragmentary inscriptions from the Acropolis, Cilla was a member of the Delian League.
The river mentioned by Strabo is identified with the modern Zeytinli Dere, but the site of the town itself has not been discovered.
References
Populated places in ancient Aeolis
Populated places in ancient Mysia
Former populated places in Turkey
Lost ancient cities and towns
Locations in the Iliad
Members of the Delian League |
60213936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglauer | Iglauer | Iglauer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Bruce Iglauer (born 1947), American music industry executive
Edith Iglauer (1917–2019), American non-fiction writer
Helen Iglauer Glueck (1907–1995), American physician |
42845482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20military%20veteran%20suicide | United States military veteran suicide | United States military veteran suicide is an ongoing phenomenon regarding the high rate of suicide among U.S. military veterans in comparison to the general civilian public. A focus on preventing veteran suicide began in 1958 with the opening of the first suicide prevention center in the United States. During the mid 1990s, a paradigm shift in addressing veteran suicide occurred with the development of a national strategy which included several Congressional Resolutions. More advancements were made in 2007, when the Joshua Omvig Veterans Suicide Prevention Act created a comprehensive program including outreach at each Veterans Affairs Office (VA) and the implementation of a 24-hour crisis hotline. PTSD, depression, and combat-related guilt in veterans are often related to suicide as it can be difficult for veterans to transition to civilian life.
Background information
In 2012 alone, an estimated 7,500 former military personnel died by suicide. More active duty service members, 177, succumbed to suicide that year than were killed in combat, 176. The Army suffered 52% of the suicides from all branches.
In 2013, the United States Department of Veteran Affairs released a study that covered suicides from 1999 to 2010, which showed that roughly 22 veterans were dying by suicide per day, or one every 65 minutes. Some sources suggest that this rate may be undercounting suicides. An analysis done in 2013 found a suicide rate among veterans of about 30 per 100,000 population per year, compared with the civilian rate of 14 per 100,000. However, the comparison was not adjusted for age and sex.
According to a report published by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in 2016, which analyzed 55 million veterans' records from 1979 to 2014, the current analysis indicates that an average of 20 veterans die from suicide per day.
The total number of suicides differs by age group; 31% of these suicides were by veterans 49 and younger while 69% were by veterans aged 50 and older. As with suicides in general, suicide of veterans is primarily male, with about 97 percent of the suicides being male in the states that reported gender. In addition to differences among age and gender groups, there has also been found to be significant disparity in suicidal ideation and completion rates among marginalized groups such as LGBT military members. Suicidal ideation was found to be 2-3 times greater in LGBT active-duty and veteran service members, with transgender veterans having been found to commit suicide at double the rates of their cisgender peers.
In 2015, the Clay Hunt Veterans Suicide Prevention Act passed in the Senate and was then enacted as on February 12, 2015. It requires the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to organize an annual third-party evaluation of the VA's mental health care and suicide prevention programs, to mandate website updates at least once every 90 days about the VA's mental health care services, to offer educational incentives for psychiatrists who commit to serving in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), to collaborate with nonprofit mental health organizations with the goal of preventing veteran suicide, and to extend veterans' eligibility for VA hospital care, medical service care, and nursing home care. However, the limitations of this act are very restricting. Veterans can only access extended eligibility if they have been discharged or released from active duty between the years of 2009 and 2011 and if they have not enrolled in care during the five years following their discharge.
In August 2016, the VA released another report which consisted of the nation's largest analysis of veteran suicide. The report reviewed more than 55 million veterans' records from 1979 to 2014 from every state in the nation. The previous report from 2012 was primarily limited to data on veterans who used VHA health services or from mortality records obtained directly from 20 states and approximately 3 million records. Compared to the data from the 2012 report, which estimated the number of Veteran deaths by suicide to be 22 per day, the current analysis indicates that in 2014, an average of 20 veterans a day died from suicide.
In 2019, the VA released its National Veteran Suicide Prevention Annual Report, which stated that the suicide rate for veterans was 1.5 times the rate of non-veteran adults. The report established that there were 6000 or more veteran suicides per year from 2008 to 2017. The report also stated that veterans consist of 13.5% of all deaths by suicide in US adults but only make up 7.9% of the US adult population.
In May 2019, President Donald Trump signed an executive order, called the PREVENTS Initiative, to counter veteran suicide. The initiative aims to equip state and local governments with the resources necessary to identify and intervene in scenarios where United States Veterans may be at risk to suicide. In the past, the Veteran's Administration and other federal agencies relied upon the veteran to self-identify when needing help. $73.1 billion was secured for veteran health services. Included in the $73.1 billion funding is $18.6 billion towards mental health services.
In November 2019, the House of Representatives discussed a potential program that would provide grants to local organizations that support veterans who are possibly overlooked by the Department of Veterans Affairs. The motivation behind targeting this demographic of overlooked veterans is that statistically, 14 out of the 20 estimated veterans and current service members who die from suicide every day are not in regular communication with the department of Veterans Affairs (VA). This proposal, pushed by the VA, was for a test program that was to last three years. However, this idea languished in Congress despite some bipartisan support
Social policy: history of veteran suicide prevention
The first suicide prevention center in the United States was opened in Los Angeles in 1958 with funding from the U.S. Public Health Service. In 1966, the Center for Studies of Suicide Prevention (later the Suicide Research Unit) was established at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Later on, in 1970, the NIMH pushed in Phoenix the discussion about the status of suicide prevention, presented relevant findings about suicide rate and identified the future directions and priorities of the topic.
However, it wasn't until mid-1990s when suicide started being the central issue of the political-social agenda of the United States. Survivors from suicide began to mobilize encouraging the development of a national strategy for suicide prevention. Two Congressional Resolutions—S. Res. 84 and H. Res. 212 of the 105th Congress—recognized suicide as a national problem and suicide prevention as a national priority.
As recommended in the U.N. guidelines, these groups set out to establish a public and private partnership that would be responsible for promoting suicide prevention in the United States. This partnership jointly sponsored a national consensus conference on suicide prevention in Reno, Nevada, which developed a list of 81 recommendations
Key points from Reno, Nevada conference
Suicide prevention must recognize and affirm the value, dignity, and importance of each person.
Suicide is not solely the result of illness or inner conditions. The feelings of hopelessness that contribute to suicide can stem from societal conditions and attitudes. Therefore, everyone concerned with suicide prevention shares a responsibility to help change attitudes and eliminate the conditions of oppression, racism, homophobia, discrimination, and prejudice.
Some groups are disproportionately affected by these societal conditions, and some are at greater risk for suicide.
Individuals, communities, organizations, and leaders at all levels should collaborate to promote suicide prevention.
The success of this strategy ultimately rests with individuals and communities across the United States.
Federal policy initiatives
One of the first pieces of legislation to directly address Veterans' Suicide Prevention was the Joshua Omvig Veterans Suicide Prevention Act (JOVSPA) of 2007, supporting the creation of a comprehensive program to reduce the incidence of suicide among veterans. Named for a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom who died by suicide in 2005, the act directed the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to implement a comprehensive suicide prevention program for veterans. Components include staff education, mental health assessments as part of overall health assessments, a suicide prevention coordinator at each VA medical facility, research efforts, 24-hour mental health care, a toll-free crisis line, and outreach to and education for veterans and their families. In the summer of 2009, VA added a one-to-one “chat service” for veterans who prefer to reach out for assistance using the Internet.In 2010, the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention was created and, in 2012, the National Strategy was revised. With Obama’s administration suicide prevention strategies for veterans expanded and a goal was formed to make the process of finding and obtaining mental health resources easier for veterans, work to retain and recruit mental health professionals, and make the government programs more accountable for the people they serve.
On August 31, 2012 President Barack Obama signed Executive Order (EO) 13625 titled "Improving Access to Mental Health Services for Veterans, Service Members, and Military Families". The EO calls on the cooperation of the Departments of Defense, Veterans Affairs, and local communities to improve their mental health care services for military service members, especially during their transition into civilian life. The EO is written specifically to expand veteran suicide prevention and drug abuse efforts. Not only does it demand the Veteran Crisis Line's capacity be expanded by 50% by December 31, 2012, it also demands the VHA to connect any veteran in mental health crisis to a mental health professional or trained mental health worker within 24 hours of contacting the Veteran Crisis Line. In conjunction, this EO calls on the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Defense to work together to launch a year-long veteran suicide prevention campaign starting September 1, 2012 to encourage veterans to proactively reach out for mental health services.
Suicide prevention hotline
The primary mission of the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) is to provide confidential suicide prevention and crisis intervention services to veterans, active-duty service members, national guard/reserve members, and their families. The VCL is available 24/7 and can be reached via phone call, text message, or anonymous online chat. At its three call centers, the VCL maintains a qualified staff of responders who are ready to help veterans deal with their personal crises. Responders must make an accurate assessment of the needs of each caller under stressful, time-sensitive conditions.
"Since its launch in 2007, the Veterans Crisis Line has answered nearly 4.4 million calls and initiated the dispatch of emergency services to callers in crisis more than 138,000 times. The Veterans Crisis Line anonymous online chat service, added in 2009, has engaged in more than 511,000 chats. In November 2011, the Veterans Crisis Line introduced a text-messaging service to provide another way for Veterans to connect with confidential, round-the-clock support and since then has responded to more than 150,000 texts."
Federal budget
The VA federal budget has continued to maintain an upward trend for the last twenty years. Within the last decade alone, between 2010 and 2020, the VA budget has increased by 73.1% from $127.1 billion to $220.2 billion in total funding. One major health care provision within these budgets has been increased funding for mental health services and suicide prevention. In 2012, the proposed budget allocated $6.2 billion for mental health and $68 million for suicide prevention. In the approved 2020 VA budget, mental health services received $9.4 billion in funding while $222 million was devoted to suicide prevention. This yearly increase in funding is expected to continue, the 2021 budget proposal is requesting $243 billion in total funding with a $10.3 billion allocation to mental health services. Increases in funding have also been accompanied by expanded services within recent federal budgets. The 2018 federal budget expanded mental health screenings for veterans. This expansion includes required mental health screenings for all veterans with other-than-honorable-discharges prior to separation, and guaranteed mental health support for veterans who have experienced trauma while serving.
Causes
A study published in the Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine found that,
The same study also found that in veterans with PTSD related to combat experience, combat-related guilt may be a significant predictor of suicidal ideation and attempts.
Craig Bryan of the University of Utah National Center for Veterans Studies said that veterans have the same risk factors for suicide as the general population, including feelings of depression, hopelessness, post-traumatic stress disorder, a history of trauma, and access to firearms.
Longer deployments increase the risk of divorce. When a soldier is divorced, it is nearly always soon after the end of their deployment.
A study done by the Department of Veterans Affairs discovered that veterans are more likely to develop symptoms of PTSD for a number of reasons such as:
Longer times at war
Lower level of education
More severe combat conditions
Other soldiers around them killed
Brain/head trauma
Female gender
Life lasting physical injuries
Military structure
The Department of Veterans Affairs also discovered that where a soldier was deployed and which branch of military they were with could also have drastic effects on their mental status after returning from service. As in most combat wars, their experiences would vary depending on where they were stationed.
The findings do not support an association between deployment and suicide mortality among all 3.9 million US military personnel who served during Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom, including suicides that occurred after separation.
Protective factors
Veterans can have difficulty transitioning from the military to civilian life. Many use their G.I. Bill or other education benefits; this can facilitate the transition to civilian life. Veterans pursuing education, especially those utilizing the post 9/11 GI Bill, are more likely to have protective factors related to socialization and reintegration.
However, the pursuit of education can also aggravate post-service conditions linked to a higher likelihood of suicide. These conditions include:
Difficulty relating to fellow students
Difficulty in coping with military experiences in an academic environment
Lack of support or understanding for service connected disabilities
Negative stigmas related to military service
Feelings of isolation
Feelings of separation
Lack of social support
Difficulty with stable or reliable income
Difficulty with stable housing
Despite these challenges, veterans often benefit from transitioning from the military into higher education. Academic life often requires student veterans to work and interact with other classmates. Many academic institutions have student veteran organizations and resources centers specifically to aid military veterans. Military education benefits often utilized by veterans include the Post 9/11 GI Bill, Montgomery GI Bill and Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment. These benefits cover tuition expenses up to a capped amount per academic year depending on benefit utilized. In addition, a stipend for books, supplies and housing is also provided within these benefits. Education benefits often give veteran students an income, a goal to continue to work towards and socialization with the general population.
Suicide rates for veterans are on a slight downward trend. Veterans generally have access to mental healthcare, and some branches take more proactive measures to reduce stigma and promote mental well-being, but the approach is inconsistent. It can be a challenge to obtain mental healthcare prior to discharge and to find individualized treatment. Mental health facilities, primary care providers and the Veterans Association do not always coordinate. Nationwide, there is a trend toward a broader spectrum treatment approach. The sustainability of long-term treatment plans may depend on communicating options about available treatment types, enabling veterans to access treatment, convincing them that it is socially acceptable to ask for help, eliminating stigma, and giving them a purpose to succeed.
Many non-profit organizations exist to promote awareness in local communities, such as Wingman Project and 22Kill. In 2013, 22Kill was started as a social media campaign to raise awareness about the staggering Veteran suicide statistics. By 2015, 22Kill had established itself as a 501c non-profit organization and soon after launched the viral #22Pushup Challenge. This movement helped them raise over half a million dollars and brought widespread attention to the Veteran suicide epidemic. During this time, 22Kill transitioned from awareness campaigns to suicide prevention offering a multitude of programs. These include clinical programs, non-traditional therapies along with family and community programs.
See also
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
Wingman Project
22Kill
References
External links
Suicide Data Report, 2012 - Department of Veterans Affairs, Mental Health Services, Suicide Prevention Program
Suicide Rates in VHA Patients through 2011 with Comparisons with Other Americans and other Veterans through 2010 - Veterans Health Administration
Veterans Crisis Line Contact Info
Suicide in the United States
Veterans' affairs in the United States |
6781537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon%20Spire | Pigeon Spire | Pigeon Spire is a peak in the Purcell Mountains of the Columbia Mountains in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. It may be one of the most climbed of the spires in The Bugaboos owing to its relatively low prominence from the Vowell Glacier and the existence of an easy route (the West Ridge; II, 5.4). It is not uncommon to have a couple dozen people on this route on a busy weekend. There are longer, harder routes on the spire's North and East faces.
Routes
West Ridge (II, 5.4)
External links
Pigeon Spire at Bivouac.com
Three-thousanders of British Columbia
Columbia Valley
Purcell Mountains
Kootenay Land District |
19927003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukidion | Sukidion | Sukidion is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae erected by Hamilton Herbert Druce in 1891. Its only species, Sukidion inores, was first described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1872. It is endemic to Borneo.
References
Iolaini
Butterflies of Borneo
Monotypic butterfly genera
Taxa named by Hamilton Herbert Druce
Lycaenidae genera |
7322866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%20Wednesday%20%282002%20film%29 | Ash Wednesday (2002 film) | Ash Wednesday is a 2002 American crime drama film written, directed, and starring Edward Burns. The film also stars Elijah Wood, and Rosario Dawson. The film is set in the Hell's Kitchen of the early 1980s and is about a pair of Irish-American brothers who become embroiled in a conflict with the Irish mob.
Plot
Hell's Kitchen on Ash Wednesday, 1983; rumors are flying that Francis Sullivan's (Edward Burns) younger brother Sean (Elijah Wood), dead for three years, has reappeared. If he wasn't killed by rivals, then old scores still need settling, putting both Francis and Sean in danger. An upstart is pressuring the local mob boss, who's Francis's protector; Sean's wife, Grace (Rosario Dawson), believes she's a widow and has gotten on with her life, but Sean has come back for her. The parish priest, part of the initial deception, is frightened. Bad guys with guns are closing in. Can Francis get Sean and his wife out of the city, avoid a war between rival factions, and hold onto new-found morality? Will the cross of ashes on his forehead protect him?
Francis helps Sean reunite with Grace and his son, Sean Jr., and they head out of the city together in the back of a van, but Francis stays behind to stop Moran (Oliver Platt). The film closes with Francis wiping the cross of ashes from his forehead. When he steps outside of the pub minutes later, he is shot down. He dies and the sniper leaves the scene before the police arrives.
Cast
Edward Burns as Francis "Fran" Sullivan
Elijah Wood as Sean Sullivan
Rosario Dawson as Grace Quinonez
Oliver Platt as Moran
James Handy as Father Mahoney
Brian Burns as Mike Moran, Moran's Cousin
Vincent Rubino as Vinny Boombata
James Cummings as J.C. Moran, Moran's Brother
Pat McNamara as "Murph" Murphy
John DiResta as Pete
Malachy McCourt as "Whitey" Smith
Peter Gerety as Uncle Handy
Brian Delate as George "Crazy George" Cullen
Jimmy Burke as "Red" Kelly
Teresa Yenque as Mrs. Diaz
Julie Hale as Maggie Shea
Kathleen Doyle as Mrs. Flanagan
Marina Durell as Mrs. Quinonez
Michael Mulhern as Detective Pulaski
Michael Leydon Campbell as Jimmy Burke
Dara Coleman as John Coleman
Penny Balfour as Callie
Kevin Kash as Paulie "Numbers"
Gregg Bello as Larossa, Vinny's Brother
Joe Lisi as Charlie, The Wiseguy
Jack DeFuria as Sean "Little Sean" Sullivan Jr.
Critical reception and box office
The film received a 29% "rotten" rating on the website Rotten Tomatoes. The film was only released in two theaters and grossed less than $3,000.
References
External links
2002 films
2002 crime drama films
American films
American crime drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s Spanish-language films
Films set in Manhattan
Films set in the 1980s
Films shot in New York (state)
American independent films
Films directed by Edward Burns
Films about the Irish Mob
Films scored by David Shire
2002 independent films
2000s multilingual films
American multilingual films |
32049879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange%20Music%20discography | Strange Music discography | Strange Music is an American independent record label founded by Tech N9ne and Travis O'Guin in 1999, specializing in hip hop music. It is currently distributed through Fontana Distribution.
Album releases
1. This listing combines the numbers of both the original 2001 release, Anghellic, as well as the 2003 re-release, Anghellic: Reparation. The peak position on the Independent Chart comes from the re-release, while the other positions are those of the original. As of July 29, 2009, the original release has sold 82,700 or more copies, while the re-release has sold 180,520 or more copies. The number in the table is a collective total between the two releases.
Instrumental albums
EP releases
Compilation and soundtrack releases
Mixtape releases
Video releases
Upcoming album releases
References
Further reading
Hip hop discographies
Discographies of American artists |
36277736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Compute%20Engine | Google Compute Engine | Google Compute Engine (GCE) is the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) component of Google Cloud Platform which is built on the global infrastructure that runs Google's search engine, Gmail, YouTube and other services. Google Compute Engine enables users to launch virtual machines (VMs) on demand. VMs can be launched from the standard images or custom images created by users. GCE users must authenticate based on OAuth 2.0 before launching the VMs. Google Compute Engine can be accessed via the Developer Console, RESTful API or command-line interface (CLI).
History
Google announced Compute Engine on June 28, 2012 at Google I/O 2012 in a limited preview mode. In April 2013, GCE was made available to customers with Gold Support Package. On February 25, 2013, Google announced that RightScale was their first reseller. During Google I/O 2013, many features including sub-hour billing, shared-core instance types, larger persistent disks, enhanced SDN based networking capabilities and ISO/IEC 27001 certification got announced. GCE became available to everyone on May 15, 2013. Layer 3 load balancing came to GCE on August 7, 2013. Finally, on December 2, 2013, Google announced that GCE is generally available. It also expanded the OS support, enabled live migration of VMs, 16-core instances, faster persistent disks and lowered the price of standard instances.
At the Google Cloud Platform Live event on March 25, 2014, Urs Hölzle, Senior VP of technical infrastructure announced sustained usage discounts, support for Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2, Cloud DNS and Cloud Deployment Manager. On May 28, 2014, Google announced optimizations for LXC containers along with dynamic scheduling of Docker containers across a fleet of VM instances.
Google Compute Engine Unit
Google Compute Engine Unit (GCEU), which is pronounced as GQ, is an abstraction of computing resources. According to Google, 2.75 GCEUs represent the minimum power of one logical core (a hardware hyper-thread) based on the Sandy Bridge platform. The GCEU was created by Anthony F. Voellm out of a need to compare the performance of virtual machines offered by Google. It is approximated by the Coremark(TM) benchmark run as part of the PerfKitBenchmarker Open Source benchmark created by Google in partnership with many Cloud Providers.
Persistent disks
Every Google Compute Engine instance starts with a disk resource called persistent disk. Persistent disk provides the disk space for instances and contains the root filesystem from which the instance boots. Persistent disks can be used as raw block devices. By default, Google Compute Engine uses SCSI for attaching persistent disks. Persistent Disks provide straightforward, consistent and reliable storage at a consistent and reliable price, removing the need for a separate local ephemeral disk. Persistent disks need to be created before launching an instance. Once attached to an instance, they can be formatted with the native filesystem. A single persistent disk can be attached to multiple instances in read-only mode. Each persistent disk can be up to 10TB in size. Google Compute Engine encrypts the persistent disks with AES-128-CB, and this encryption is applied before the data leaves the virtual machine monitor and hits the disk. Encryption is always enabled and is transparent to Google Compute Engine users. The integrity of persistent disks is maintained via a HMAC scheme.
On June 18, 2014, Google announced support for SSD persistent disks. These disks deliver up to 30 IOPS per GB which is 20x more write IOPS and 100x more read IOPS than the standard persistent disks.
Images
An image is a persistent disk that contains the operating system and root file system that is necessary for starting an instance. An image must be selected while creating an instance or during the creation of a root persistent disk. By default, Google Compute Engine installs the root filesystem defined by the image on a root persistent disk. Google Compute Engine provides CentOS and Debian images as standard Linux images. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 images are a part of the premier operating system images which are available for an additional fee. Container Linux (formerly CoreOS), the lightweight Linux OS based on Chromium OS is also supported on Google Compute Engine.
Machine types
Google Compute Engine uses KVM as the hypervisor, and supports guest images running Linux and Microsoft Windows which are used to launch virtual machines based on the 64 bit x86 architecture. VMs boot from a persistent disk that has a root filesystem. The number of virtual CPUs, amount of memory supported by the VM is dependent on the machine type selected.
Billing and discounts
Google Compute Engine offers sustained use discounts. Once an instance is run for over 25% of a billing cycle, the price starts to drop:
If an instance is used for 50% of the month, one will get a 10% discount over the on-demand prices
If an instance is used for 75% of the month, one will get a 20% discount over the on-demand prices
If an instance is used for 100% of the month, one will get a 30% discount over the on-demand prices
Machine type comparison
Google provides certain types of machine:
Standard machine: 3.75 GB of RAM per virtual CPU
High-memory machine: 6.5 GB of RAM per virtual CPU
High-CPU machine: 0.9 GB of RAM per virtual CPU
Shared machine: CPU and RAM are shared between customers
Memory-optimized machine: greater than 14 GB RAM per vCPU.
The prices mentioned below are based on running standard Debian or CentOS Linux virtual machines (VMs). VMs running proprietary operating systems will be charged more.
Resources
Compute Engine connects various entities called resources that will be a part of the deployment. Each resource performs a different function. When a virtual machine instance is launched, an instance resource is created that uses other resources, such as disk resources, network resources and image resources. For example, a disk resource functions as data storage for the virtual machine, similar to a physical hard drive, and a network resource helps regulate traffic to and from the instances.
Image
An image resource contains an operating system and root file system necessary for starting the instance. Google maintains and provides images that are ready-to-use or users can customize an image and use that as an image of choice for creating instances. Depending on the needs, users can also apply an image to a persistent disk and use the persistent disk as the root file system.
Machine type
An instance's machine type determines the number of cores, the memory, and the I/O operations supported by the instance.
Disk
Persistent disks are independent of the virtual machines and outlive an instance's lifespan. All information stored on the persistent disks is encrypted before being written to physical media, and the keys are tightly controlled by Google.
Each instance can attach only a limited amount of total persistent disk space (one can have up to 64 TB on most instances) and a limited number of individual persistent disks (one can attach up to 16 independent persistent disks to most instances).
Regional persistent disks can be replicated between two zones in a region for higher availability.
Snapshot
Persistent disk snapshots lets the users copy data from existing persistent disk and apply them to new persistent disks. This is especially useful for creating backups of the persistent disk data in cases of unexpected failures and zone maintenance events.
Instance
A Google Compute Engine instance is a virtual machine running on a Linux or Microsoft Windows configuration. Users can choose to modify the instances including customizing the hardware, OS, disk, and other configuration options.
Network
A network defines the address range and gateway address of all instances connected to it. It defines how instances communicate with each other, with other networks, and with the outside world. Each instance belongs to a single network and any communication between instances in different networks must be through a public IP address.
Your Cloud Platform Console project can contain multiple networks, and each network can have multiple instances attached to it. A network allows you to define a gateway IP and the network range for the instances attached to that network. By default, every project is provided with a default network with preset configurations and firewall rules. You can choose to customize the default network by adding or removing rules, or you can create new networks in that project. Generally, most users only need one network, although you can have up to five networks per project by default.
A network belongs to only one project, and each instance can only belong to one network. All Compute Engine networks use the IPv4 protocol. Compute Engine currently does not support IPv6. However, Google is a major advocate of IPv6 and it is an important future direction.
Address
When an instance is created, an ephemeral external IP address is automatically assigned to the instance by default. This address is attached to the instance for the life of the instance and is released once the instance has been terminated. GCE also provides mechanism to reserve and attach static IPs to the VMs. An ephemeral IP address can be promoted to a static IP address.
Firewall
A firewall resource contains one or more rules that permit connections into instances. Every firewall resource is associated with one and only one network. It is not possible to associate one firewall with multiple networks. No communication is allowed into an instance unless a firewall resource permits the network traffic, even between instances on the same network.
Route
Google Compute Engine offers a routing table to manage how traffic destined for a certain IP range should be routed. Similar to a physical router in the local area network, all outbound traffic is compared to the routes table and forwarded appropriately if the outbound packet matches any rules in the routes table.
Regions and zones
A region refers to a geographic location of Google's infrastructure facility. Users can choose to deploy their resources in one of the available regions based on their requirement. As of June 1, 2014, Google Compute Engine is available in central US region, Western Europe and Asia East region.
A zone is an isolated location within a region. Zones have high-bandwidth, low-latency network connections to other zones in the same region. In order to deploy fault-tolerant applications that have high availability, Google recommends deploying applications across multiple zones in a region. This helps protect against unexpected failures of components, up to and including a single zone. As of August 5, 2014, there are eight zones - three each in central US region and Asia East region and two zones in Western Europe region.
Scope of resources
All resources within GCE belong to the global, regional, or zonal plane. Global resources are accessible from all the regions and zones. For example, images are a global resource so users can launch a VM in any region based on a global image. But an address is a regional resource that is available only to the instances launched in one of the zones within the same region. Instances are launched in a specific zone that requires the zone specification as a part of all requests made to that instance.
The table below summarises the scope of GCE resources:
Features
Billing and pricing model
Google charges the VMs for a minimum of 10 minutes. At the end of 10th minute, instances are charged in 1-minute increments, rounded up to the nearest minute. Sustained usage based pricing will credit the discounts to the customers based on the monthly utilisation. Users need not pay a commitment fee upfront to get discounts on the regular, on-demand pricing.
VM performance
Compute Engine VMs boot within 30 seconds which is considered to be 4-10x faster than the competition.
Disk performance
The persistent disks of Compute Engine deliver higher IOPS consistently. With the cost of provisioned IOPS included within the cost of storage, users need not pay separately for the IOPS.
Global scope for images and snapshots
Images and disk snapshots belong to the global scope which means they are implicitly available across all the regions and zones of Google Cloud Platform. This avoids the need for exporting and importing images and snapshots between regions.
Transparent maintenance
During the scheduled maintenance of Google data center, Compute Engine can automatically migrate the VMs from one host to the other without involving any action from the users. This delivers better uptime to applications.
References
External links
Cloud computing
Cloud computing providers
Cloud infrastructure
Cloud platforms
Compute Engine
Web services
Computer-related introductions in 2012 |
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