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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: The bus arrived to my bus stop. Everyone got inside of the bus. The bus closed the door when I tried to get in. When I waved, the bus driver couldn't see me. I had to knock on the door for him to notice.
selected sentence: Everyone got inside of the bus.
| The bus arrived to my bus stop >Causes/Enables> Everyone gets inside the bus | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Obama on 2016 campaign: "It's not even Survivor or the Bachelorette. I mean it's like some 'Love and Hip-Hop' stuff" CNN (@CNN) November 4, 2016 Question: when did obama refer to reality tv shows Answer: during the 2016 campaign
yes
Context: Attacks on @potus for statement on #NorthKoreaNukes are ridiculous.They act as if #NorthKorea would act different if he used nicer words 2/4— Marco Rubio (@marcorubio) August 10, 2017 Question: why is potus being attacked? Answer: for statement on north korea nukes
yes
Context: Missed the Woody Allen tribute - did they put the part where a woman publicly confirmed he molested her at age 7 before or after Annie Hall?— Ronan Farrow (@RonanFarrow) January 13, 2014 Question: which editor died recently? Answer: ben bradlee
| no
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Q: Statement: The two co-chairmen of the campaign are lawyers Al Emch of Jackson Kelly and Scott Segal of the Segal Law Firm. Choices: 1. The campaign has two lawyers as co-chairmen. 2. Al Emch is from the Segal Law Firm. 3. Scott Segal has been a lawyer for ten years.
A: | 2 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
PROBLEM: About 2 percent of Americans get paid the minimum wage.
SOLUTION: economy
PROBLEM: The Chris Hani Baragwanath in South Africa is the worlds third-biggest hospital.
SOLUTION: health-care
PROBLEM: Says U.S. Rep. Ann McLane Kuster used $293,000 of taxpayer money to send campaign mail.
SOLUTION: | campaign-finance
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: Angie met a guy named Matt. They started talking every day. Angie was crazy about Matt. They went on their first date. They learned they had so much in common.
selected sentence: They went on their first date.
Angie met Matt >Causes/Enables> They went on their first date
story: Lisa was trying to steal a magazine. She was on her way out of the door. Suddenly, an employee stopped her. She had been caught. Her dad had to come pick her up and pay a fine.
selected sentence: Her dad had to come pick her up and pay a fine.
An employee catches Lisa stealing >Causes/Enables> Lisa's dad picks Lisa up
story: Jim's cat would not stop meowing. His cat was keeping him up all night. Jim decided to play with his cat. He also gave his cat some catnip. After a few minutes, his cat got tired and fell asleep.
selected sentence: He also gave his cat some catnip.
| Jim's Cat would not stop meowing >Causes/Enables> Jim gave his cat catnip
| NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Solution: yes
Why? Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
New input: Context: Missed the Woody Allen tribute - did they put the part where a woman publicly confirmed he molested her at age 7 before or after Annie Hall?— Ronan Farrow (@RonanFarrow) January 13, 2014 Question: which editor died recently? Answer: ben bradlee
Solution: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: You kind of look the same. You're a little bit taller and you're a little hairier.
Response 1: But I have a beard now.
Response 2: Would you want to join us in the outside world where Edgar and I come from? It's so much less abstract.
Output: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Let me give you an example: Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
The answer to this example can be: abortion
Here is why: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
OK. solve this:
Says U.S. Rep. Ann McLane Kuster used $293,000 of taxpayer money to send campaign mail.
Answer: | campaign-finance | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
Solution: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep
Why? The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.
New input: story: Jim's cat would not stop meowing. His cat was keeping him up all night. Jim decided to play with his cat. He also gave his cat some catnip. After a few minutes, his cat got tired and fell asleep.
selected sentence: He also gave his cat some catnip.
Solution: | Jim's Cat would not stop meowing >Causes/Enables> Jim gave his cat catnip | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
[Q]: Context Word: presentation.
Question: The presentation that PersonX gave was bad, and PersonY's was the best in class. _ forgot to practice.
Answer: PersonX
[A]: The presentation that PersonX gave was bad, and PersonY's was the best in class. _ remembered to practice.
[Q]: Context Word: abstaining.
Question: At the party, PersonX was drinking heavily and PersonY was abstaining, so _ rode home afterwards.
Answer: PersonX
[A]: At the party, PersonX was drinking heavily and PersonY was abstaining, so _ drove home afterwards.
[Q]: Context Word: spa.
Question: PersonX went to the gym while PersonY went to the spa, and because of this, _ had quite an exhausting two hours.
Answer: PersonX
[A]: | PersonX went to the gym while PersonY went to the spa, and because of this, _ had quite a relaxing two hours.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Example: Context word: upset.
Question: PersonX yelled at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Answer: PersonX.
Example solution: PersonX comforted at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Example explanation: On replacing the trigger word "yelled" with its antonym "comforted", the answer flips to PersonY which is as per the given instruction. So, this is a valid question.
Problem: Context Word: spa.
Question: PersonX went to the gym while PersonY went to the spa, and because of this, _ had quite an exhausting two hours.
Answer: PersonX
| Solution: PersonX went to the gym while PersonY went to the spa, and because of this, _ had quite a relaxing two hours. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
One example is below.
Q: Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
A: abortion
Rationale: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
Q: Says his elections proposal would allow a potential of 168 hours (of early voting), which I think is the most weve ever had.
A: | elections | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
question:
Forty percent of union members voted Republican in 2008.
answer:
elections
question:
Wrote that in 2006, Nancy Pelosi said she didnt think capturing Osama bin Laden makes us any safer, but in 2011 called his killing historic.
answer:
homeland-security
question:
Says his elections proposal would allow a potential of 168 hours (of early voting), which I think is the most weve ever had.
answer:
| elections
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context word: upset.
Question: PersonX yelled at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Answer: PersonX.
Solution: PersonX comforted at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Why? On replacing the trigger word "yelled" with its antonym "comforted", the answer flips to PersonY which is as per the given instruction. So, this is a valid question.
New input: Context Word: stride.
Question: Since PersonX had a longer stride than PersonY, _ passed them up in the race.
Answer: PersonX
Solution: | Since PersonX had a shorter stride than PersonY, _ passed them up in the race. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: pictures.
Question: PersonX is decorating PersonY's home and has brought pictures for the walls so _ is hanging.
Answer: PersonX
PersonX is decorating PersonY's home and has brought pictures for the walls so _ is watching.
.
Context Word: landlord.
Question: PersonX was keen to get the landlord to make some renovations but PersonY didn't care, because _ was moving in.
Answer: PersonX
PersonX was keen to get the landlord to make some renovations but PersonY didn't care, because _ was moving out.
Context Word: stride.
Question: Since PersonX had a longer stride than PersonY, _ passed them up in the race.
Answer: PersonX
| Since PersonX had a shorter stride than PersonY, _ passed them up in the race.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Problem:Morgan: The thing about a first kiss is , you only have _ one _ , and believe me , she 's gon na remember it no matter what . So , you 've got ta pick the perfect moment , and that moment comes right after you 've done something incredible . And you 'll know the moment because you 'll see it in her eyes , because she will look at you like she 's discovering you for the first time , like she 's never seen you before , and that 's when you move in for the kiss . And that kiss will tell you everything you need to know about they way she feels about you . Because if you are kissing her , and I mean really kissing her , and she starts to smile , then you 're in buddy . You 're in .
Solution: | REFERENCE kiss | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Says she has opposed measures to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street regulatory bill and campaign-finance legislation when they were offered as stand-alone bills.
Output: | congress | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Gross negligence by the Democratic National Committee allowed hacking to take place.The Republican National Committee had strong defense!— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) January 7, 2017 Question: what kind of negligence is discussed? Answer: gross | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Instructions: Two analogies that signify affordances are given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Affordance is the possibility of an action being done on an object, for example book is an affordance of writing. The phrase "A : B" implies that B is an affordance of A. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate affordance of the given action C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a single object without further explanation.
Input: eat : food. stir : ?
Output: | soup | NIv2 | task1153_bard_analogical_reasoning_affordance | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: Moles and gophers spend their lives underground.
Sentence2: moles and gophers spend their lives hiding from predators.
A: | Moles | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
instruction:
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
question:
The speedboat and sports car were produced for the 1973 show The Investigator, which never made it beyond a pilot episode. The models, both fitted with Honda 50cc engines, are expected to fetch up to £8,000 each at auction on 10 October. Mr Anderson's son, Jamie, said The Investigator had been "doomed to fail from the start". The show, which charted the adventures of two teenagers shrunk to a third of their size, was abandoned as the concept was considered "too far-fetched" and the radio controlled models were prone to radio interference. It was seen as a rare failure for Anderson, who also created shows such as Stingray and Terrahawks which used "supermarionation" - a sophisticated form of puppetry. He died in 2012, aged 83. Jamie Anderson, the managing director of Anderson Entertainment, said after 18 successful series, to have one misfire was "not too bad". "In many ways it was doomed to fail from the start," he said. "It was a combination of puppetry and live action, but it lacked the science fiction context that made previous shows so successful." You may also like: The models being sold at auction at Sworders Auctioneers are one-sixth scale working models, measuring 221cm (87in) in length. They were designed by Reg Hill and made by Space Models of Feltham especially for the pilot. Jack Knoll, marketing manager at Security Hazard, a blog dedicated to Anderson's work, said toy manufacturer Dinky was ready to produce merchandise for The Investigator but that Anderson was "too embarrassed" to show the completed pilot to prospective buyer, NBC. "Budgetary restrictions, and the limitations of using the sophisticated marionettes on location also played a big part in the downfall of the project," he said. Auctioneer John Black described the models as "very rare pieces of film memorabilia". "They pushed a lot of money at these, with remote controlled engines, but it is sad that the series never went beyond the pilot," he said. The boat and car are being offered for sale by the House on the Hill toy museum in Stansted Mountfitchet, which is making room for new exhibits.
answer:
Models from Gerry Anderson's The Investigator up for sale
question:
Stewart Spence used a derogatory term about gay people at The Marcliffe Hotel during a Hospitality Industry Trust (HIT) Scotland event. HIT Scotland said homophobic views and comments were made about the industry and it was "shocking". Mr Spence later said he wanted to "sincerely apologise". He said: "I don't know what I was thinking." 'Unwelcome remarks' A source who was at the dinner said "jaws dropped" at the use of the word "poofs" on Thursday night. It related to a claim of the hotel industry having a history of employing gay or lesbian workers and Mr Spence having not employed any. A spokesperson for HIT Scotland said: "We strongly disagree with the homophobic views and comments expressed by one individual at last night's Grampian fundraising dinner, they were a complete surprise and as shocking as they were inaccurate to the truth of the hospitality industry. "Hospitality is a diverse and inclusive industry, it has consistently led the way on equality and diversity above and beyond any other sector and that is something we take great pride in. "We would like to reassure everyone that his offensive comments were his own and in no way representative of the opinions of HIT Scotland or indeed the hospitality industry as a whole. It was very regretful that he chose an event in aid of the industry to make such unwelcome remarks. "Despite these comments, the event went on to be another successful evening of fundraising for the charity and we want to thank our guests for their continued generosity that helped raise a considerable amount last night." 'Truly sorry' Mr Spence told BBC Scotland in a statement: "I made some very ill-advised comments at the dinner last night and I am absolutely mortified today. "I would like to sincerely apologise for the offence caused. I don't know what I was thinking. "I was hoping to raise a few laughs around the seventies theme and while the words I used may have, regrettably, been commonplace in that generation, they were still entirely unacceptable. "The Marcliffe is an inclusive place both for staff and customers. We welcome everyone regardless of their sexual orientation. "I really regret this and am truly sorry." Catherine Somerville, the campaigns, policy and research manager at Stonewall Scotland - which campaigns for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people's rights - said: "The comments made at last night's event clearly demonstrate that there is a lot of work to be done before all LGBT people can feel safe and included at work, and that LGBT customers are treated fairly and with respect. "It is really positive to see such a strong reaction against these homophobic remarks from HIT Scotland, and we will always offer support to employers across the hospitality sector who want to create more inclusive workplaces for LGBT people." The five-star hotel - a popular venue for wedding receptions and functions - has been at its North Deeside Road venue since 1993.
answer:
Apology after 'homophobic' comments at iconic Marcliffe Hotel in Aberdeen
question:
The foreign secretary told MPs the UK government would achieve this via the joint ministerial committee process. Plaid Cymru hailed this as "seemingly a major concession" from UK ministers. On Monday, Welsh First Minister Carwyn Jones urged the prime minister to listen to voices outside the Westminster "bubble" on Brexit. Responding to a question from Plaid Cymru MP Jonathan Edwards on Tuesday, Mr Johnson said: "We work closely under the joint ministerial committee to bring in the devolved administrations and to make sure that the great deal we're going to get has their endorsement and their approval." Mr Edwards had asked the foreign secretary to ensure "in the spirit of co-operation" that the final Brexit deal was endorsed by the devolved parliaments before it was signed. "This is seemingly a major concession from the British government and one that Plaid Cymru has been calling for since before the referendum was held," Mr Edwards said afterwards. "Wales, as an exporting nation, has a major stake in these negotiations and it is right that the final deal should be endorsed by all four countries before it is signed." He added: "The British government must now stick to its word and I will be seeking clarity from the prime minister and the Brexit secretary to ensure that the foreign secretary's concession today is honoured."
answer:
| Boris Johnson pledge to nations on Brexit deal approval
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: The rich man decided to go on a trip around the world. He spun a globe and stopped it with his finger. The rich man bought a plain ticket to that country. The ticket was so cheap that he bought all the tickets on that flight. He handed out tickets to all his friends so they could join him.
selected sentence: The ticket was so cheap that he bought all the tickets on that flight. | The man is rich >Causes/Enables> The man buys all the tickets | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
One example is below.
Q: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
A: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Rationale: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Q: The foreign secretary told MPs the UK government would achieve this via the joint ministerial committee process. Plaid Cymru hailed this as "seemingly a major concession" from UK ministers. On Monday, Welsh First Minister Carwyn Jones urged the prime minister to listen to voices outside the Westminster "bubble" on Brexit. Responding to a question from Plaid Cymru MP Jonathan Edwards on Tuesday, Mr Johnson said: "We work closely under the joint ministerial committee to bring in the devolved administrations and to make sure that the great deal we're going to get has their endorsement and their approval." Mr Edwards had asked the foreign secretary to ensure "in the spirit of co-operation" that the final Brexit deal was endorsed by the devolved parliaments before it was signed. "This is seemingly a major concession from the British government and one that Plaid Cymru has been calling for since before the referendum was held," Mr Edwards said afterwards. "Wales, as an exporting nation, has a major stake in these negotiations and it is right that the final deal should be endorsed by all four countries before it is signed." He added: "The British government must now stick to its word and I will be seeking clarity from the prime minister and the Brexit secretary to ensure that the foreign secretary's concession today is honoured."
A: | Boris Johnson pledge to nations on Brexit deal approval | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be shown an incorrect English sentence. You need to generate a corrected form of the input sentence.
They are today using this way as a curative measure but with increasing importance of preventive medicine , normal , healthy individuals are also attracted towards not using cars wherever possible .
| Today they are using this as a curative measure , but due to the increasing importance of preventive medicine , normal , healthy individuals are also attracted to the idea of not using cars when possible . | NIv2 | task1557_jfleg_answer_generation | zs_opt |
Teacher:"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Prompt: You're Duke. I definitely remember you. I wrote about you in my journal for three whole nights.
Response 1: And they've all got that chip on their should because it's not Big Egg Town.
Response 2: Is it because of my purple hair?
Student: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: We thought we moved to the area of the venue, where we didn't have to worry about being loud.
Response 1: Yeah, I know. I followed you up here.
Response 2: I'm a little worried this is above my... I'm the social media manager for this aquarium. I just don't think this falls into my category. | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Q: Prompt: Listen, I came right out and said I was building a piano.
Response 1: Well you know we're building a tiny house. Everybody does.
Response 2: My mom told me that too, she said it's full of spiders.
A: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
Definition: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Input: Context: Falcon 9 first stage landing burn and touchdown on Just Read the Instructions SpaceX (@SpaceX) April 15, 2015 Question: what team did lebron's agent tell? Answer: cavs
Output: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Teacher:In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Statement: yeah i i think they should have just done more uh and maybe if the world could have given them some type of aid it's it's just so complicated Choices: 1. They should have done less. 2. They should have done more and maybe they would have received aid. 3. They did not get any aid.
Student: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
[EX Q]: Statement: Ancient capital of the flat region of Berry on the northern edge of P??rigord, Bourges is on the road south to Clermont-Ferrand and Montpellier but worth a brief detour for those using the A20. Choices: 1. It is worth the short detour from the A20 to visit the Bourges. 2. There are a lot of flowers across the flat area of Berry. 3. Bourges is a significantly great distance away from the A20 and not worth the trip.
[EX A]: 3
[EX Q]: Statement: The silver doors have bas-relief panels depicting Kali riding various animals. Choices: 1. Kali is forbidden to be pictured riding animals on doors. 2. The silver doors have pictures of Kali riding many animals. 3. The animals Kali was depicted riding included elephants and lions.
[EX A]: 1
[EX Q]: Statement: If it's just plain stupid to continue making rambling, drunken, late night phone calls to Ellen Barkin despite a court order--hypothetically speaking--what's to be gained by running a no-win campaign in New Hampshire? Choices: 1. Ellen Barkin is has never received late night phone calls. 2. Ellen Barkin is fade up of these phone calls. 3. Late night phone calls to Ellen Barkin.
[EX A]: | 1
| NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
Q: You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: move.
Question: PersonX was going to move and PersonY just finished moving. _ was packing up their house.
Answer: PersonX
A: | PersonX was going to move and PersonY just finished moving. _ was unpacking their house. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
One example: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.
Solution is here: 3
Explanation: It is said in the statement that the candy doesn't melt in your hand, but the sentence in choice 3 disagrees with it.
Now, solve this: Statement: If it's just plain stupid to continue making rambling, drunken, late night phone calls to Ellen Barkin despite a court order--hypothetically speaking--what's to be gained by running a no-win campaign in New Hampshire? Choices: 1. Ellen Barkin is has never received late night phone calls. 2. Ellen Barkin is fade up of these phone calls. 3. Late night phone calls to Ellen Barkin.
Solution: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Peter HuntDiplomatic and royal correspondent@BBCPeterHunton Twitter And lobbying on an eye-watering range of subjects: historic buildings, herbal medicine, the albatross, healthy food and sustainable fishing. It's a wonder the heir to the throne has time to sleep. Royal officials insist he has done nothing inappropriate and at no stage, in any of the correspondence, did he stray into party political matters. These letters have resonance and relevance because of his proximity to the throne. Charles's challenge is that their content will not generate a unified response to the activities of a prince who'll one day occupy the unifying role of head of state. His critics will accuse him of secret meddling. His supporters insist he cares about the issues he raises and he is only doing his duty. | Prince Charles: The lobbying prince | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Definition: "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Input: Prompt: Why are you so mad? I'm like five minutes late.
Response 1: Do you know what can happen in five minutes? We don't know what the traffic is going to be like here in the midwest.
Response 2: Sorry, just a flashback to the early 90's. I got an assignment from my boss, Bill Clinton.
Output: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Example input: Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
Example output: abortion
Example explanation: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
Q: Says Michelle Nunn is for amnesty.
A: | homeland-security | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Example Input: President Obama . . . wants to mandate circumcision.
Example Output: health-care
Example Input: If you have ever visited Nashville or Washington D.C. you will see MANY names and initials carved into ... desks.
Example Output: government-efficiency
Example Input: Says Michelle Nunn is for amnesty.
Example Output: | homeland-security
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Q: Context Word: nails.
Question: Red nail polish makes PersonX's nails looks nicer than PersonY's because _ likes to paint her nails.
Answer: PersonX
A: | Red nail polish makes PersonX's nails looks nicer than PersonY's since _ hates to paint her nails. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
Teacher:"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Prompt: Hey, can the other eight of us weigh in at any time or are the four of you just going to dominate this conversation?
Response 1: Well, a man slipped on that, and it caved in his arm.
Response 2: Yes, I have certain things I'd like to say about this very complicated case.
Student: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Input: Context: Not now, but sometime this weekend I'll think of Jan Hooks saying "adobe" and I'll get tear-eyed. I know it. #RIPJanHooks— Patton Oswalt (@pattonoswalt) October 9, 2014 Question: where does the family live? Answer: south carolina
Output: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Definition: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Input: Says Washington state has consistently ranked in the top five in the Forbes list of best states to do business ahead of Texas.
Output: | economy | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Katara: I was going to say I want to pull a scam with you .
Toph: What ? You want to pull a scam ?
Katara: Not just any scam , the * ultimate * scam . What do you say , Toph ? Just me and you , _ one _ last go . You in ?
Toph: You know I 'm in . Now , what 's this idea of yours ?
| OTHER | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: Mary was driving on the highway in her car. She saw a man standing next to his car on the side of the road. She pulled over and he told her he has a flat tire. He told Mary that he doesn't know how to change a tire himself. Mary changed the tire and fought him how for next time.
selected sentence: She saw a man standing next to his car on the side of the road.
Output: | Mary was driving on the highway in her car >Causes/Enables> Mary saw a man standing next to his car on the side of the road | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Q: A.S._Livorno_Calcio | ground | Stadio_Armando_Picchi
A: | A S Livorno Calcio's home ground is the Stadio Armando Picchi. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
Teacher:Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Sentence1: wind is used for producing electricity.
Sentence2: Differential heating of air can be harnessed for electricity production.
Student: | electricity | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Q: Lecturer Dave Harte, from Birmingham City University, has published the findings as the use of social media surges because of widespread snow disruption. His report shows Birmingham has 28 hyperlocal sites, which is more than any other council area in the UK. Birmingham blogger Sas Taylor said: "The snow brings everyone together to share information." 'Grass-roots way' Her website, B31 Voices, which covers the B31 postcode area of the city, received its highest ever number of hits on Sunday while the site's hashtag #B31Snowwatch gathered 2,588 Twitter followers in just eight days. Mr Harte added: "It came into its own on Friday with Sas and Marty juggling getting their own kids ready for school whilst tweeting (2,464 followers) and facebooking (2,324 likes) school closure updates." He defines hyperlocal news sites as "online local news or content pertaining to a town, village or single postcode area". So is travel information the main reason people use hyperlocal websites? Blogger Jon Bounds said: "Birmingham started at the forefront of blogging because the council was so bad at communicating. That's not so much the case now, but people are still blogging in a grass-roots way and no one's trying to make money out of it. "Maybe because Brummies are down-to-earth people, or maybe they're just sensible enough to know there's not a lot of money to be made." Dan Slee, from Walsall Council, said: "My focus as a local government press officer is how councils can get the information out in a timely and effective way so that they can be read, shared, talked about and discussed by a whole range of people." Will Perrin, from Talk About Local, a national organisation promoting hyperlocal sites, added: "Birmingham has a fabulous digital culture of people using quite straightforward technology to express themselves. "It's not [economical] for big media companies to cover areas so locally, they'd never be able to do it, so hyperlocal sites are a very good thing." Clive Edwards, editor of monthly local Castle Vale paper The Tyburn Mail, said: "We don't have the technology, staff or status of large news organisations. We can deal with issues that larger organisations filter out but they have the integrity and professionalism; they are better journalists." His blog also received record visits in the snow on Sunday, with 2700 hits. Mr Harte's research took place during a sample period of 11 days in May 2012. He found news items were published at an average rate of 15 per hour and 366 per day on hyperlocal sites across the UK. London was the best-served city, but no single council area had more hyperlocal websites than Birmingham. Also noted in the research as standing out were Stoke-on-Trent with seven hyperlocal websites followed by Walsall and Solihull with four and three sites respectively. The findings will be discussed at a Digital City News Day run by Birmingham's Digital Media Businesses Cluster and the BBC in Birmingham on Tuesday.
A: | Birmingham 'top for hyperlocal online news sites' | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[Q]: By Zoe KleinmanTechnology reporter, BBC News In Fifa, special players can be bought in packs, but the contents are only revealed after payment is completed. The children's father, Thomas Carter, had bought them a single pack for around £8, and had not realised they had seen how he made the purchase. The Switch has now been confiscated "indefinitely", Mr Carter said. Nintendo has agreed to a full refund and has removed the purchased players. While Fifa is published and sold by Electronic Arts, the payments had been made via the family's Nintendo account. Nintendo did not respond to a request for comment. Mr Carter, from Hampshire, admits that he did not take full precautions to limit access to his Nintendo account: he did not use a unique Pin number and the emailed receipts were sent to an old email address with a full inbox. "I just never thought [the children] would do it," he said. He and his wife only realised what had happened when their card was declined elsewhere because their bank account was empty. Fifa 19 has been certified as suitable for players from the age of three. Mr Carter said his children, who are all under the age of 10, felt very remorseful and had not understood the impact of what they were doing. However, he also said he felt that the in-game concept of buying player packs without knowing what was inside them was unethical. "You pay £40 for the game, which is a lot of money in itself, but then the only way to get a great team is essentially by gambling," he said, referring to online play. "They spent £550 and they still never got their favourite player, Lionel Messi." Video games publisher EA, which owns Fifa, declined to comment but provided a link to its guidelines on controlling in-game purchases - this varies depending on the platform or console being used. How to activate spending controls Some devices are more complicated than others, here's a quick (and not exhaustive) guide: In 2018 the games news website Eurogamer published an interview with an adult Fifa player who discovered he had spent $10,000 (£8,000) in two years, after he issued EA with an information request under the European data law GDPR. He told the site it was "just not worth it". A new report issued by the organisation Internet Matters found that 26% of the 2,000 parents of four to 16-year-olds it spoke to were concerned about the amount of money their children were spending on in-game purchases. Chief executive Carolyn Bunting said it is important for parents to remember to shield their games account passwords or Pin numbers, and also to have regular discussions with children about what is free in games and what costs money. "I'm sure most children won't want to be in a position where they have spent their own parents' money on upgrades or in this case, new players on Fifa," she said. Loot box controversy Last year Belgium banned the sale of video game loot boxes - special characters or rewards which can either be purchased or acquired through game play hours, but cannot be previewed in advance. In June, Kerry Hopkins, the vice president of EA games, told British MPs that the boxes were "quite ethical and fun", comparing them with Kinder Eggs, Hatchimals and LOL Surprise. "We do think the way that we have implemented these kinds of mechanics - and Fifa of course is our big one, our Fifa Ultimate Team and our packs - is actually quite ethical and quite fun, quite enjoyable to people," she said. Prof Andrew Przybylski, director of research at the Oxford Internet Institute, said more data was needed in order to assess the impact of loot box-style purchases. "Loot boxes and in-app purchases present parents with a new frontier of challenges," he told the BBC. "Though loot boxes look like gambling, we won't know what their effects are until these companies start sharing their data with independent scientists. "There isn't good evidence it is gambling, but the very fact we don't have hard data should be a concern."
[A]: 'The kids emptied our bank account playing Fifa'
[Q]: Trevor Joyce, 36, is charged with the murder of 61-year-old Justin Skrebowski in the Abingdon branch shortly after 11:20 GMT on Monday. The Abingdon man appeared over a video link from HMP Bullingdon and spoke only to confirm his name. He is due to return to the court for a plea and case management hearing on 7 March next year. Updates on this story and more from Oxfordshire Thames Valley Police said it had voluntarily referred itself to the IPCC following the stabbing.
[A]: Man accused of Poundland stabbing appears in Oxford Crown Court
[Q]: The Labour leader said newspapers had gone a "little bit James Bond" in their coverage of his meetings with diplomat and agent Jan Sarkocy. He suggested the reporting showed how "worried" media bosses were by the prospect of a Labour government. The Sun said it would continue to ask "inconvenient" questions. Details of a file held on Mr Corbyn by the StB, the Communist-era Czechoslovakian intelligence agency, were first reported by The Sun almost a week ago. It reported contacts Mr Corbyn is alleged to have had with Mr Sarkocy, who was working in the Czechoslovakian embassy in London, towards the end of the Cold War in 1986 and 1987. Czech officials have since told the BBC Mr Corbyn was a "person of interest" to their intelligence agencies but not an informant, contradicting claims reportedly made by Mr Sarkocy. The story has been widely reported by British newspapers, prompting calls by Theresa May for Mr Corbyn to be open about his past actions and one cabinet minister to accuse him of "betraying" Britain. Mr Corbyn has previously declined to comments on the claims, but earlier on Tuesday at an event in London he was asked directly whether he was a Czech spy, replying "no". The Labour leader has now upped the ante, releasing a video message to supporters accusing newspapers of reporting "increasingly wild and entirely false" claims made by Mr Sarkocy. "In the last few days, The Sun, The Mail, The Telegraph and The Express have all gone a little bit James Bond. "It's easy to laugh, but something more serious is happening," he said. 'Bad habits' "Publishing these ridiculous smears that have been refuted by Czech officials shows just how worried the media bosses are by the prospect of a Labour government. "They're right to be. Labour will stand up to the powerful and corrupt - and take the side of the many, not the few." Mr Corbyn said the right-wing press had become less powerful in the era of social media and "their bad habits were becoming less and less relevant". "A free press is essential for democracy and we don't want to close it down, we want to open it up. At the moment, much of our press isn't very free at all. "In fact it's controlled by billionaire tax exiles, who are determined to dodge paying their fair share for our vital public services. "Instead of learning these lessons they're continuing to resort to lies and smears. Their readers - you, all of us - deserve so much better. Well, we've got news for them: change is coming." The BBC understands the phrase "change is coming" refers to Labour's plans to go ahead with a second stage of the Leveson inquiry into press ethics as well a review of media ownership and plurality. The Sun issued a statement hitting back at the Labour leader and defending its coverage. "Over the past few days, we have revealed substantial, documented evidence from the Czech security archive that a Czech spy met with Jeremy Corbyn at the height of the Cold War," it said, adding that it was in the public interest to know details of the meeting. "Those questions are yet to be answered and we will keep asking them, no matter how inconvenient they might be, nor how many times we are threatened with 'change' - whatever that may mean. "They are questions that we would put to anybody who aspires to the highest office in the land."
[A]: | Corbyn: Spy stories show press is worried by Labour government
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Example solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Example explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Problem: The Labour leader said newspapers had gone a "little bit James Bond" in their coverage of his meetings with diplomat and agent Jan Sarkocy. He suggested the reporting showed how "worried" media bosses were by the prospect of a Labour government. The Sun said it would continue to ask "inconvenient" questions. Details of a file held on Mr Corbyn by the StB, the Communist-era Czechoslovakian intelligence agency, were first reported by The Sun almost a week ago. It reported contacts Mr Corbyn is alleged to have had with Mr Sarkocy, who was working in the Czechoslovakian embassy in London, towards the end of the Cold War in 1986 and 1987. Czech officials have since told the BBC Mr Corbyn was a "person of interest" to their intelligence agencies but not an informant, contradicting claims reportedly made by Mr Sarkocy. The story has been widely reported by British newspapers, prompting calls by Theresa May for Mr Corbyn to be open about his past actions and one cabinet minister to accuse him of "betraying" Britain. Mr Corbyn has previously declined to comments on the claims, but earlier on Tuesday at an event in London he was asked directly whether he was a Czech spy, replying "no". The Labour leader has now upped the ante, releasing a video message to supporters accusing newspapers of reporting "increasingly wild and entirely false" claims made by Mr Sarkocy. "In the last few days, The Sun, The Mail, The Telegraph and The Express have all gone a little bit James Bond. "It's easy to laugh, but something more serious is happening," he said. 'Bad habits' "Publishing these ridiculous smears that have been refuted by Czech officials shows just how worried the media bosses are by the prospect of a Labour government. "They're right to be. Labour will stand up to the powerful and corrupt - and take the side of the many, not the few." Mr Corbyn said the right-wing press had become less powerful in the era of social media and "their bad habits were becoming less and less relevant". "A free press is essential for democracy and we don't want to close it down, we want to open it up. At the moment, much of our press isn't very free at all. "In fact it's controlled by billionaire tax exiles, who are determined to dodge paying their fair share for our vital public services. "Instead of learning these lessons they're continuing to resort to lies and smears. Their readers - you, all of us - deserve so much better. Well, we've got news for them: change is coming." The BBC understands the phrase "change is coming" refers to Labour's plans to go ahead with a second stage of the Leveson inquiry into press ethics as well a review of media ownership and plurality. The Sun issued a statement hitting back at the Labour leader and defending its coverage. "Over the past few days, we have revealed substantial, documented evidence from the Czech security archive that a Czech spy met with Jeremy Corbyn at the height of the Cold War," it said, adding that it was in the public interest to know details of the meeting. "Those questions are yet to be answered and we will keep asking them, no matter how inconvenient they might be, nor how many times we are threatened with 'change' - whatever that may mean. "They are questions that we would put to anybody who aspires to the highest office in the land."
| Solution: Corbyn: Spy stories show press is worried by Labour government | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
Solution: REFERENCE crooler
Reason: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
Now, solve this instance: Rosie: Really ? You dialed _ 911 _ and you got me ? Oh , honey , you are fucked .
Student: | OTHER | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Teacher:You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Harrietstown,_New_York | country | United_States
Student: | Harrietsown, New York, is located in United States. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Input: Consider Input: Kat: You must be Mr. Big .
Andy: And who are you ? Mrs. Big Mouth ?
Kat: Got it in _ one _ .
Output: OTHER
Input: Consider Input: Richard Castle: You 're still working as an advisor to the Ministry of Defence , right ?
Gaston: Yes , but that gives me very little pull with the Police Nationale . Uh ... I can make inquiries , though .
Richard Castle: No , um ... I appreciate it , I 'm not really looking for a bureaucratic runaround . When you were advising me on those last few Derrick Storm novels , you mentioned a man that the French government would sometimes hire when they could n't afford to take ... official action .
Gaston: Ricky , I told you that in confidence .
Richard Castle: But he exists .
Gaston: It is one thing to write about these characters from the safety of your own desk , but ... men like this , they are not the kind of people you ever want to know .
Richard Castle: Beatrice , she must be , what . fourteen now ? Patrice going on _ nine _ ? I want you to think about how it feels when you hug them . The look in their eye when you come home . Now imagine them gone .
Gaston: He is expensive .
Richard Castle: I do n't care . Gaston , please .
Gaston: Stay close to your phone .
Output: AGE
Input: Consider Input: Rosie: Really ? You dialed _ 911 _ and you got me ? Oh , honey , you are fucked .
| Output: OTHER
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Once the U.S. government signs a U.N. treaty on conventional arms, "all U.S. citizens will be subject to those gun laws created by foreign governments."
Output: | foreign-policy | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Example solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Example explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Problem: The seasonal outing of ITV's popular period drama will be screened at 20:30 GMT - the same time as BBC One's flagship soap. Doctor Who will be screened at 19:30 GMT, going head to head with an hour-long Coronation Street on ITV. Downton's third Christmas special sees the action shift to 1923 and has US actor Paul Giamatti joining the cast. The two-hour episode centres on the Crawleys' wayward family member Rose being presented at Buckingham Palace, a grand occasion that sees Cora's mother Martha - played by Shirley MacLaine - return to the drama. It will also see Giamatti makes his Downton debut as Martha's brother Harold, who was in trouble with the law at the end of the last series. The show's producers are keeping tight-lipped about the fate of Lady Edith and her pregnancy, saying only that she is "wrestling with a moral dilemma". Last year's Christmas Day special climaxed in the unexpected death of Downton heir Matthew Crawley, leaving behind his wife, Lady Mary, and their newborn son. Its first hour overlapped with EastEnders in 2012. Final audience figures gave EastEnders the edge, scoring 11.2 million viewers over Downton's 10.2 million. This year the second hour of Downton Abbey's seasonal special will be up against BBC One sitcom Mrs Brown's Boys. The Christmas Day episode of Doctor Who will see Matt Smith battle deadly enemies, including the Daleks and the Cybermen, before regenerating into Peter Capaldi. In BBC One's schedule, the sci-fi drama finds itself sandwiched between Call the Midwife and EastEnders. Albert Square will see the arrival of a new landlord for the Queen Vic pub, Mick Carter, played by Danny Dyer. The ongoing murder storyline involving Janine Butcher is also expected to figure highly in EastEnders' hour-long special. On the cobbles of Coronation Street, producers have revealed that Leanne and Nick Tilsley's relationship will take a turn for a worse. Yet the tragic storyline involving long-serving character Hayley Cropper is not expected to end until early next year.
| Solution: Christmas TV: Downton Abbey pitted against EastEnders | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[Q]: Murray made the announcement he is to step back from professional tennis during an emotional press conference in Melbourne. The former world number one said he hoped his final tournament would be Wimbledon in the summer but fears next week's Australian Open may be his last. The three-time Grand Slam winner has been struggling with his form since undergoing hip surgery last January. A role model Joan MacGillivray, from Inverness, sobbed when she spoke to Radio Scotland and said: "I'm so sad that he's not going to be playing anymore." She added: "I have loved watching Andy since the beginning... Andy has no idea about how many lives he has enhanced just by playing tennis. He has made so many lives better just by being him." Ms MacGillivray has travelled around the world to watch Andy's matches - from Canada to Serbia and plenty of places in between. She said his fans had "followed him every step of the way". And her praise of Murray did not stop at his skills on the tennis court. She added he is "the best role model any person could ever have for their son", and said he was a "champion of equality and fairness" for speaking out about issues such as sexism in sport. She said the picture she has of the two of them together - taken when he stopped to meet her despite being in a rush to catch a flight - took "pride of place" in her living room. Asked what her favourite moment was in his career, Ms MacGillivray said there was no contest: "Winning the Davis Cup - that lob at the end is absolutely phenomenal. "The Belgian Davis Cup team partied with us afterwards because they were so proud of Andy winning." Ms MacGillivray hopes Murray makes it to Wimbledon this summer. She said: "I'd like to see him have a rest and then bow out nicely at Wimbledon and we'll all be there to support him no matter what he chooses to do. "I'd move heaven and earth to be there to see him [at Wimbledon this summer]. "He's special, he's absolutely special." Speaking from Dunblane, Andy Murray's former tennis coach Brian Melville said: "He was always a winner, even at a young age." Mr Melville, who coached Andy for a year when he was seven, said the tennis star had to think about his future. He said: "It is a shame but he's injured and he has a family. "He's still young and he has his whole life, so he has to think about that." 'Brilliant player' He said he ended up coaching the youngster because he was not listening to his mum, Judy's instructions: "He wouldn't do as he was told for his mum, so we swapped children for about a year. Judy coached mine and I coached Andy. "He was a brilliant player for that age and it just developed and developed," he said. Speaking about the prospect of Dunblane creating another tennis success story, he said he hoped someone local would follow in Andy's footsteps. He added: "When you think about tennis, you think about Dunblane. "It's a sense of a pride that I know him, and it's sad that it's coming to an end - but all good things come to an end. "He's a family man now, he has to think about his health as well. He's a young lad and he has to think about the rest of his life."
[A]: Superfan's tributes to Andy Murray as he announces tennis retirement
[Q]: More than 15 million people tuned in for one of the classic series' most memorable episodes that sees the hapless Frank Spencer take wife Betty for a picnic on Dorset's Purbeck coast. After being given the use of a Morris Minor car for his new job on a chicken farm, what could possibly go wrong? Being Frank, of course, it is bound to go horrendously wrong - with the car somehow ending up see-sawing precariously on the cliff edge. As they try to extricate themselves, Frank is soon hanging from the back bumper over the sheer limestone cliffs. In a series renowned for its heart-stopping stunts - all performed by Crawford himself - the Italian Job-esque scene stands out for the sheer peril involved. Speaking on a BBC Radio Solent documentary about the series, stunt co-ordinator Stuart Fell, now retired, admitted it was "quite ambitious for the BBC" at the time. "We had to dig a hole for two railway sleepers and then fasten the car with some hinges," he said. Crawford was fitted with a harness under his jumper, while Mr Fell was dressed in a summer frock ready to double for actress Michelle Dotrice - in the end she did all the shots. Mr Fell said: "Watch for when Michael appears to transfer his grip from the bumper to the exhaust pipe - it's not an exhaust pipe. "We had to weld a huge great big metal pipe which was secure and able to move and look precarious as he held on to it." It did not stop the coastguard receiving an influx of calls from passing ships reporting a car stuck on the cliff and someone hanging off the back. Michelle Dotrice recalled filming was "a bit hairy" as she crawled over the top of the teetering car, holding on to her co-star's ankles. "We could see ships in the distance," she said. "I trusted Michael and I knew he wouldn't do anything unsafe. He always prepared everything to the n-th degree. "I didn't feel under any pressure - it was fun, I loved doing it and got whipped up in the enthusiasm of Michael." Despite the show's popularity, she remembered her mother not being as amused after watching it go out. "My mother came over and slapped me - 'You stupid girl, how dare you do something so silly!' she said". In his autobiography, Crawford described the stunt as "one of my all-time favourites". "I had enormous trust in and respect for our wonderful team of stunt advisors. We were meticulous in how we rehearsed our stunts for the show. "Success is all in the planning, the control and knowing how to hang on like grim death!" For writer Raymond Allen, from the Isle of Wight, how to get Frank and Betty out of their predicament also proved "a bit of a worry". "When I got to the end of the script, I couldn't think of an ending," he said. "Eventually I came up with a great idea of a coach turning up - which was a dieting group's annual day out - and all these really big women get out. "But the BBC said 'Don't be ridiculous, you can't do that - it will upset people'." In the end producer Michael Mills came up with the idea of passing rugby players - played by members of Swanage and Wareham RFC - pulling Frank off the cliff. "I always got a bit worried with the stunts - I preferred the dialogue - but it was the part of the show which got the most publicity," said Mr Allen. Having one of TV's biggest stars hanging over a cliff or hanging on to a bus while on roller skates certainly pre-occupied Michael Mills. Speaking on a 1978 documentary, he said: "The truth of the matter is that neither Michael nor I are really quite as stupid as we look and we wouldn't do things unless they were very, very carefully prepared and all the possible precautions were being taken. "That's my job as the producer and that's his job as an actor - to make sure he doesn't do anything where he's going to kill himself." Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em Listen to BBC Radio Solent's Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em - A Celebration of a Comedy Classic on BBC iPlayer.
[A]: Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em: Recalling cliff hanger scene
[Q]: The seasonal outing of ITV's popular period drama will be screened at 20:30 GMT - the same time as BBC One's flagship soap. Doctor Who will be screened at 19:30 GMT, going head to head with an hour-long Coronation Street on ITV. Downton's third Christmas special sees the action shift to 1923 and has US actor Paul Giamatti joining the cast. The two-hour episode centres on the Crawleys' wayward family member Rose being presented at Buckingham Palace, a grand occasion that sees Cora's mother Martha - played by Shirley MacLaine - return to the drama. It will also see Giamatti makes his Downton debut as Martha's brother Harold, who was in trouble with the law at the end of the last series. The show's producers are keeping tight-lipped about the fate of Lady Edith and her pregnancy, saying only that she is "wrestling with a moral dilemma". Last year's Christmas Day special climaxed in the unexpected death of Downton heir Matthew Crawley, leaving behind his wife, Lady Mary, and their newborn son. Its first hour overlapped with EastEnders in 2012. Final audience figures gave EastEnders the edge, scoring 11.2 million viewers over Downton's 10.2 million. This year the second hour of Downton Abbey's seasonal special will be up against BBC One sitcom Mrs Brown's Boys. The Christmas Day episode of Doctor Who will see Matt Smith battle deadly enemies, including the Daleks and the Cybermen, before regenerating into Peter Capaldi. In BBC One's schedule, the sci-fi drama finds itself sandwiched between Call the Midwife and EastEnders. Albert Square will see the arrival of a new landlord for the Queen Vic pub, Mick Carter, played by Danny Dyer. The ongoing murder storyline involving Janine Butcher is also expected to figure highly in EastEnders' hour-long special. On the cobbles of Coronation Street, producers have revealed that Leanne and Nick Tilsley's relationship will take a turn for a worse. Yet the tragic storyline involving long-serving character Hayley Cropper is not expected to end until early next year.
[A]: | Christmas TV: Downton Abbey pitted against EastEnders
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
One example: Prompt: See, Arlene? That's why I don't talk to you like that because I'm afraid I'll scare our son.
Response 1: I have 12. Wait, is the key to a success story getting the number to go down?
Response 2: Oh, Dad. Even that wasn't great.
Solution is here: Response 2
Explanation: Response 2 is correct answer because it agrees with the prompt and continues the conversation in the same context.
Now, solve this: Prompt: Seems like this is working out.
Response 1: Well, that is somewhat true. We used to bake pies for pie contest together, which I can see you're still doing without me.
Response 2: It's almost working out too well. This is suspicious.
Solution: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
Q: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Rip Snorting: We ai n't got a chance against the Dynamic Duo , leastwise not without guns .
Shame: Talkin ' to you is like talkin ' pig - latin to a donkey ! We got 'em outnumbered . _ Three _ and a half to two .
A: | OTHER | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context word: upset.
Question: PersonX yelled at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Answer: PersonX.
Solution: PersonX comforted at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Why? On replacing the trigger word "yelled" with its antonym "comforted", the answer flips to PersonY which is as per the given instruction. So, this is a valid question.
New input: Context Word: Watering Can.
Question: personx has a bigger Watering Can than persony has but _ has a smaller garden.
Answer: PersonX
Solution: | personx has a bigger Watering Can than persony has but _ has a bigger garden. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
[EX Q]: Prompt: I am black, the white Santa was created by Hallmark and Coca-Cola.
Response 1: Larry, you're right. Oh god, here I go.
Response 2: I guess you were created by RC Cola.
[EX A]: Response 2
[EX Q]: Prompt: Mindy, what brings you to the Grand Old Opry. You're all dressed up. Are you supposed to be performing here tonight?
Response 1: We do have some cans of wine for purchase. For the continental snack, we'll put out bags of baked Lays.
Response 2: Actually, yes. I won a twitter lottery. I tweeted every single day, 24 times an hour and I got picked. I'm going to sing tonight. I'm hoping Cynthia will like me.
[EX A]: Response 2
[EX Q]: Prompt: Seems like this is working out.
Response 1: Well, that is somewhat true. We used to bake pies for pie contest together, which I can see you're still doing without me.
Response 2: It's almost working out too well. This is suspicious.
[EX A]: | Response 2
| NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: doctor.
Question: PersonX became a doctor while PersonY did not despite the fact that _ failed medical school.
Answer: PersonX
PersonX became a doctor while PersonY did not despite the fact that _ graduated medical school.
Context Word: heartbreak.
Question: PersonX experienced a lot of heartbreak after PersonY left town due to _ being in love.
Answer: PersonX
PersonX experienced a lot of heartbreak after PersonY left town due to _ not being in love.
Context Word: Watering Can.
Question: personx has a bigger Watering Can than persony has but _ has a smaller garden.
Answer: PersonX
| personx has a bigger Watering Can than persony has but _ has a bigger garden.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
One example is below.
Q: Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
A: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
Rationale: The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
Q: United_States | leaderTitle | President_of_the_United_States
A_Wizard_of_Mars | language | English_language
English_language | spokenIn | Great_Britain
United_States | ethnicGroup | Asian_Americans
A_Wizard_of_Mars | country | United_States
A: | English is spoken in Great Britain and is the language used in A Wizard of Mars. However, the book was published in the United States where the leader is the President and is home to many Asian Americans. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
instruction:
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
question:
Accademia_di_Architettura_di_Mendrisio | country | Switzerland
Accademia_di_Architettura_di_Mendrisio | established | 1996
Accademia_di_Architettura_di_Mendrisio | academicStaffSize | 100
answer:
The Accadmia di Architettura di Mendrisio was established in Switzerland in 1996. It has 100 academic staff.
question:
Amarillo,_Texas | populationDensity | 746.0 (inhabitants per square kilometre)
answer:
Amarillo, Texas has a population density of 746 inhabitants per square kilometre.
question:
United_States | leaderTitle | President_of_the_United_States
A_Wizard_of_Mars | language | English_language
English_language | spokenIn | Great_Britain
United_States | ethnicGroup | Asian_Americans
A_Wizard_of_Mars | country | United_States
answer:
| English is spoken in Great Britain and is the language used in A Wizard of Mars. However, the book was published in the United States where the leader is the President and is home to many Asian Americans.
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Example: Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
Example solution: REFERENCE crooler
Example explanation: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
Problem: Ginger: You swore we 'd go together , one way or another .
Brigitte: When we were _ eight _ .
| Solution: AGE | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
[Q]: Giles: Your playmate is a fellow of repute , it seems . It 's , erm , Lyle Gorch . And that one 's his brother , Tector . They 're from Abilene . They , uh , they made their reputation massacring an entire Mexican village in _ 1886 _ .
Buffy Summers: Friendly little demons .
Giles: No , that was before they became vampires .
[A]: YEAR
[Q]: Susan: There 's a good explanation for this , your father broke up with Edie last night .
Julie: You had sex with him the night he broke up with Edie .
Susan: I said it was a good explanation , not a great _ one _ .
[A]: REFERENCE explanation
[Q]: Ginger: You swore we 'd go together , one way or another .
Brigitte: When we were _ eight _ .
[A]: | AGE
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Part 2. Example
Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.
Answer: 3
Explanation: It is said in the statement that the candy doesn't melt in your hand, but the sentence in choice 3 disagrees with it.
Part 3. Exercise
Statement: Under the circumstances, I am afraid an inquest can hardly be avoided, these formalities are necessary, but I beg that you won't distress yourselves. Choices: 1. An inquiry can't be avoided. 2. It wax very suspicious and needed investigation. 3. Inquiry could be avoided.
Answer: | 3 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
Q: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: ...if she is going to do it, she wants to do it right." Zendaya (@Zendaya) June 29, 2014 Question: how much of global emissions did the 100 paris agreement parties represent? Answer: over 69 percent
A: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
--------
Question: Statement: After six years of restoration, fall of 2001 will see the grand reopening. Choices: 1. This will reopen in Fall 2001. 2. The restoration cost over $250,000. 3. It will take ten years for the full restoration.
Answer: 3
Question: Statement: Setting improvement goals is an important step in getting organizations across the government to engage seriously in the difficult task of change. Choices: 1. Improvement goals are easy to reach if everyone participated. 2. Setting improvement goals have zero impact on making government organizations to change. 3. Setting improvement goals is important to get organizations to engage in the idea of change.
Answer: 2
Question: Statement: Under the circumstances, I am afraid an inquest can hardly be avoided, these formalities are necessary, but I beg that you won't distress yourselves. Choices: 1. An inquiry can't be avoided. 2. It wax very suspicious and needed investigation. 3. Inquiry could be avoided.
Answer: | 3
| NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Let me give you an example: Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
The answer to this example can be: REFERENCE crooler
Here is why: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
OK. solve this:
Al: Hello , Jim 's Fish , Chips & Insurance ? How much would it cost to add my son to the plan ? How old ? Let me see ... Bud , how old are you ?
Bud: Sixteen , Dad .
Al: He is _ sixteen _ ... What ? If you think I 'm gon na pay that much , you 're as stupid as those cats you trap and call tuna ... You know , when you insult my wife , Jim , you do n't hurt me .
Peggy: Well , what 'd he say , Al ?
Al: Nothing I haven't said myself ... Seriously Jim , I need to ask , is this the best you can do for a lifetime friend and someone who did not tell the police what your catch of the day really was ? Oh ho , well if you want to be that way you can take your insurance and stuff it , all of it !
Al: There ! Al Bundy takes guff from no one !
Bud, Peggy, Kelly: Cheap , cheap , cheap !
Peggy: Al , are n't you worried about being uninsured ?
Al: Peg , we do n't need insurance . Insurance is like marriage . You pay and pay , and never get anything back ! Besides , the car is n't worth more than 100 bucks with both kids in it .
Answer: | AGE | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Q: Statement: A literary critic's biography of the 18 th -century satirical English painter wins praise for bringing [her] subject and his milieu alive (Bruce Cook, the Washington Post Book World ). The critics accept Uglow's revisionist claim that Hogarth's famous moralizing was accompanied by a prurient fixation on sex. Choices: 1. Critics reluctantly accept Uglow's revisionist claim. 2. Critics accept Uglow's revisionist claim about Hogarth's moralizing and fixation on sex. 3. Critics do not accept Uglow's claims.
A: | 3 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Q: Rodrigo Borda, 39, and Sergio Miranda, 45, said it was a day of much joy and emotion, but also of responsibility. President Jose Mujica signed the legislation in May, but it took 90 days to come into effect. Uruguay is the second South American nation to pass a gay-marriage law. Mr Borda and Mr Miranda said they would celebrate their wedding in September. It would be a "very public affair", not only because they wanted to share the moment with "all the world", but also because they wanted "to give an example to those gay couples who may be thinking about getting married but don't dare to", the couple added. Three years ago, Argentina became the first country in Latin America to allow same-sex marriages. Reforms Since then, Brazil's Supreme Court overwhelmingly voted in favour of granting same-sex couples the same legal rights as married heterosexuals, effectively authorising gay marriage. In Colombia, a judge recently ordered a notary to sign a document which - while not a marriage certificate - in effect gave a same-sex couple the same rights as a heterosexual one. In Mexico, legislation on same-sex unions is a matter for individual states. Gay marriage is legal in the capital and the southern state of Quintana Roo, while the states of Coahuila and Colima allow gay couples to enter into civil unions. Gay marriage remains illegal in the rest of the country. The gay-marriage bill is among a series of liberal reforms in Uruguay backed by President Mujica. Since the left-wing politician came to power, parliament has also passed a law allowing abortion beyond cases of rape, incest or threats to a woman's health. Last week, the House of Representatives voted in favour of a bill which, if passed by the Senate, will legalise marijuana and put its production and sale into the hands of the state.
A: | Same-sex marriage bill comes into force in Uruguay | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Problem:The road was among several routes across Scotland badly affected by heavy rain earlier this week. The bypass plays a part in taking traffic around Loch Carron and its closure means motorists have to make a detour of 133 miles (214km). The bypass will be opened from 07:00 until 19:00. Highland Council said the restriction, and the diversion, would remain in place until further notice. The local authority said another landslip at Garve continued to disrupt rail services on the Inverness to Kyle of Lochalsh line. The Stromeferry bypass has been hit by landslides in the past. One landslip closed the route for four months - from 22 December 2011 to 23 April 2012 - and cost Highland Council £2.8m to deal with. A small car ferry, the MV Glenachulish which crosses between the mainland and Skye, was hired to help local motorists avoid having to make the long detour. School pupils used train services and a hired pleasure boat to get to school. Large rubber mats were later laid on a railway next to the bypass to allow road traffic to travel a short distance along the line, Highland Council has been assessing several options for dealing with landslides at the bypass. Potential solutions published in June 2012 included a £60m bridge, 1.2 mile (2km) tunnel costing £94m and a new, longer bypass running to about £23m. Other options included stabilising the rock face next to the bypass at £69m. Also, a £109m project involving cutting rock from the hillside and widening the road and extending an existing avalanche shelter on the road at a cost of up to £104m.
Solution: | Rock fall-hit Stromeferry bypass to be partially reopened | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
PROBLEM: David Rossi: Garcia , we need you to track all the cell phones for all the male agents of the Bureau over the past week
Penelope Garcia: Whoa , that is a lot of testosterone . Okay , there are 13421 special agents , around _ 11 _ thousand of those are male . Why are you asking ... Oh , come on ! Really ? The good guys are supposed to be good
Jennifer Jareau: Okay , crosscheck the locations of those male agents against the crime scene coordinates
Penelope Garcia: crosschecking as we speak , and not so secretly hoping I do not get a match
SOLUTION: REFERENCE agents
PROBLEM: Kerry Hennessy: _ Two _ ! Four ! Six ! Eight ! These mashed potatoes are really great !
SOLUTION: OTHER
PROBLEM: Al: Hello , Jim 's Fish , Chips & Insurance ? How much would it cost to add my son to the plan ? How old ? Let me see ... Bud , how old are you ?
Bud: Sixteen , Dad .
Al: He is _ sixteen _ ... What ? If you think I 'm gon na pay that much , you 're as stupid as those cats you trap and call tuna ... You know , when you insult my wife , Jim , you do n't hurt me .
Peggy: Well , what 'd he say , Al ?
Al: Nothing I haven't said myself ... Seriously Jim , I need to ask , is this the best you can do for a lifetime friend and someone who did not tell the police what your catch of the day really was ? Oh ho , well if you want to be that way you can take your insurance and stuff it , all of it !
Al: There ! Al Bundy takes guff from no one !
Bud, Peggy, Kelly: Cheap , cheap , cheap !
Peggy: Al , are n't you worried about being uninsured ?
Al: Peg , we do n't need insurance . Insurance is like marriage . You pay and pay , and never get anything back ! Besides , the car is n't worth more than 100 bucks with both kids in it .
SOLUTION: | AGE
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
See one example below:
Problem: Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
Solution: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
Explanation: The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
Problem: 11_Diagonal_Street | location | South_Africa
South_Africa | leaderName | Jacob_Zuma
South_Africa | ethnicGroup | Asian_South_Africans
Solution: | The address, 11 Diagonal Street is located in South Africa and Jacob Zuma is a leader in Asian South Africans. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Q: Addiction_(journal) | publisher | Wiley-Blackwell
Addiction_(journal) | ISSN_number | "0965-2140"
Addiction_(journal) | LCCN_number | 93645978
Addiction_(journal) | abbreviation | "Addiction"
A: Addiction journal (abbreviated to Addiction) is published by Wiley-Blackwell. It has the ISSN number 0965-2140, and the LCCN number 93645978.
****
Q: 103_Colmore_Row | architect | John_Madin
103_Colmore_Row | location | Colmore_Row
A: 103 Colmore Row, located at Colmore Row, was designed by the architect, John Madin.
****
Q: 11_Diagonal_Street | location | South_Africa
South_Africa | leaderName | Jacob_Zuma
South_Africa | ethnicGroup | Asian_South_Africans
A: | The address, 11 Diagonal Street is located in South Africa and Jacob Zuma is a leader in Asian South Africans.
****
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: Freeze-drying Freeze drying is a method of preserving materials.
Sentence2: Freeze drying food keeps it viable for extended flights.
A: | Freeze | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Example input: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Example output: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Example explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Q: It comes after a ceasefire was declared on the Syria-Lebanon border, leading to negotiations including talks over nine kidnapped Lebanese soldiers. Lebanese security chief Maj Gen Abbas Ibrahim said that DNA tests would be conducted on the remains. Gen Ibrahim added that the search for a ninth body was continuing. Syrian state media, citing a military source, said on Sunday that a deal had been reached to move IS militants, who have been fighting the Lebanese army on one front, and Hezbollah with the Syrian army on the other, to eastern Syria. "We agreed to a deal between Hezbollah and [IS] which will see the rest of its militants evacuated to the eastern region of the Syrian Arab Republic," Syrian state news agency Sana cited the source as saying. The pause in operations enabled negotiations to take place over nine missing soldiers taken hostage when IS jihadists overran the border town of Arsal in 2014, Lebanon's army said. Gen Ibrahim said that the body parts, which were discovered along its border, were likely to belong to the missing soldiers, adding that tests would confirm their identities. The Lebanese Red Cross later drove the body parts through the town of Ras Baalbek in eastern Lebanon on their way to the capital, Beirut. Some 30 soldiers and police had been captured in Arsal, of whom four were killed and a fifth died of his wounds. Sixteen were released in a prisoner swap in December 2015 with Islamist group Nusra Front. The twin offensives by the Lebanese army, and the Syrian army and its Lebanese militia ally Hezbollah, have advanced towards the border from opposite sides. Lebanon's army has been fighting IS near Ras Baalbek, while the Syrian army and Hezbollah have attacked from Syria's west Qalamoun region. Both ceasefires came into effect on Sunday at 07:00 (04:00 GMT). The Lebanese army insists it is not co-ordinating with Hezbollah, which the US classes as a terrorist group. Any such liaison would be politically sensitive in Lebanon, and could jeopardise the US military aid it receives. Last week, Lebanon and Hezbollah each announced they had made significant gains against IS militants, driving them back into a smaller part of the mountainous border enclave. A question of appearances Rami Ruhayem, BBC News in Beirut The Lebanese army's insistence that it is not co-ordinating with Hezbollah or the Syrian army flies in the face of recent developments. On the same day as the start of its operations in July, Hezbollah and the Syrian army announced their own offensive from the other side of the border. Between them, the two armies and Hezbollah have had the militants surrounded, and were able to quickly retake most of the territory they held. The ceasefire came into effect today at the same time on both sides of the border. And a few weeks before the battle, Hezbollah fought to clear an adjacent area from another group of militants, and handed over its positions to the Lebanese army. The official position appears designed to manage differences over Lebanon's relationship with the Syrian government, as well as the growing role of Hezbollah in the country.
A: | Syria-Lebanon border battle against IS paused as body parts found | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Example Input: By Mari GrugNewyddion BBC Cymru One Machynlleth shopkeeper has shut his shop on Wednesday for the first time in 32 years because of the issue. Aaron Cottam, who runs a furniture shop in the town, said he had expected a one way system to be introduced. "All we can do is put signs up and point out the rules," said town councillor Jim Honeybill. Butcher William Lloyd Williams said visitors needed educating about safety. "More people are coming here to Wales - which is great - because that will stimulate the economy which has been dormant here, but there needs to be education," he said. "We don't want any slip-ups now." He said local people had been "absolutely first class". Mr Cottam posted a message on Facebook saying he had decided to close his shop on Wednesdays. "I fully expected a one way system, stalls only operating in the wider areas of the street and no market stalls outside the cafes so they could put tables out as they do on other days of the week. "Also maybe the use of one or two other sites so the stalls would be spread out more and social distancing would be easier to implement. "None of this was done and the more the weeks went on the more annoyed I got." Mr Honeybill said: "Other than closing the market completely, there's very little we can do. "All we can do is put signs up and point out the rules." He admitted he had been shocked when he visited the town on market day following an easing of coronavirus restrictions allowing people to travel further afield. "I was taken aback about the volume of people coming here," he said. "They weren't social distancing, no masks. I was quite shocked." In a statement, Powys council said, following a review, the width of pavements in Machynlleth were "considered sufficient to maintain social distancing". "It is the responsibility of the town council, charter market manager and stall owners to ensure that social distancing measures are put in place when setting up stalls," it said.
Example Output: Coronavirus: Machynlleth market prompts social distancing concern
Example Input: Only 25 new pitches have been created in the county since 2012, with more than 130 still needed, according to previous council calculations. A list of potential sites was due to be published in 2018 but was delayed by the merger of nine councils into two. National charity Friends Families and Travellers has described the continued delay as a "shocking disgrace". Dorset Council and Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole (BCP) Council, which suspended all cabinet meetings in response to the coronavirus pandemic last month, said a separate plan for Gypsy and traveller sites was no longer being progressed. Instead, provision would be covered within two new local plans for those areas. A consultation on Dorset Council's plan is due in the autumn with a draft plan expected to be published in autumn next year, submitted in spring 2022 and adopted the following year. 'Stark inequalities' BCP council said it anticipated a public consultation on its draft local plan would take place later this year, with further consultation in 2021 and adoption in 2022. Sarah Mann, director of Friends Families and Travellers, said: "Proposing to not make any progress until after 2022 is a shocking disgrace." She said the restructuring of Dorset councils in April 2019 was not relevant to the "stark inequalities" experienced by Gypsy and traveller communities and said the situation demonstrated the authorities' "lack of commitment to meet their legal obligations". "Gypsies, Roma and Travellers have been a vital part of Dorset history for hundreds of years," she said. The first stage of consultation on possible sites across the county was held in 2011. The following year the government agreed there was a national need for about 6,000 new pitches. But a BBC Freedom of Information (FOI) request in 2016 found local authorities had created just 1,800 since that time. It found there were 212 pitches in Dorset, with 25 created since 2012, all in Piddlehinton and only available during the spring and summer months. The county's councils had also calculated 132 more were needed. In 2015, about 80% of respondents to a Gypsy and traveller site consultation in Dorset raised objections, including highlighting concerns over flooding. A recent FOI request to Dorset's councils found they dealt with about 40 unauthorised encampments every year and they previously said they had spent more than £700,000 on associated removal and clean-up costs since 2012.
Example Output: Dorset Gypsy sites: No new pitches until 2022
Example Input: It comes after a ceasefire was declared on the Syria-Lebanon border, leading to negotiations including talks over nine kidnapped Lebanese soldiers. Lebanese security chief Maj Gen Abbas Ibrahim said that DNA tests would be conducted on the remains. Gen Ibrahim added that the search for a ninth body was continuing. Syrian state media, citing a military source, said on Sunday that a deal had been reached to move IS militants, who have been fighting the Lebanese army on one front, and Hezbollah with the Syrian army on the other, to eastern Syria. "We agreed to a deal between Hezbollah and [IS] which will see the rest of its militants evacuated to the eastern region of the Syrian Arab Republic," Syrian state news agency Sana cited the source as saying. The pause in operations enabled negotiations to take place over nine missing soldiers taken hostage when IS jihadists overran the border town of Arsal in 2014, Lebanon's army said. Gen Ibrahim said that the body parts, which were discovered along its border, were likely to belong to the missing soldiers, adding that tests would confirm their identities. The Lebanese Red Cross later drove the body parts through the town of Ras Baalbek in eastern Lebanon on their way to the capital, Beirut. Some 30 soldiers and police had been captured in Arsal, of whom four were killed and a fifth died of his wounds. Sixteen were released in a prisoner swap in December 2015 with Islamist group Nusra Front. The twin offensives by the Lebanese army, and the Syrian army and its Lebanese militia ally Hezbollah, have advanced towards the border from opposite sides. Lebanon's army has been fighting IS near Ras Baalbek, while the Syrian army and Hezbollah have attacked from Syria's west Qalamoun region. Both ceasefires came into effect on Sunday at 07:00 (04:00 GMT). The Lebanese army insists it is not co-ordinating with Hezbollah, which the US classes as a terrorist group. Any such liaison would be politically sensitive in Lebanon, and could jeopardise the US military aid it receives. Last week, Lebanon and Hezbollah each announced they had made significant gains against IS militants, driving them back into a smaller part of the mountainous border enclave. A question of appearances Rami Ruhayem, BBC News in Beirut The Lebanese army's insistence that it is not co-ordinating with Hezbollah or the Syrian army flies in the face of recent developments. On the same day as the start of its operations in July, Hezbollah and the Syrian army announced their own offensive from the other side of the border. Between them, the two armies and Hezbollah have had the militants surrounded, and were able to quickly retake most of the territory they held. The ceasefire came into effect today at the same time on both sides of the border. And a few weeks before the battle, Hezbollah fought to clear an adjacent area from another group of militants, and handed over its positions to the Lebanese army. The official position appears designed to manage differences over Lebanon's relationship with the Syrian government, as well as the growing role of Hezbollah in the country.
Example Output: | Syria-Lebanon border battle against IS paused as body parts found
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[Q]: By Sebastian Chrispin Business reporter Several high-profile companies make millions of pounds worth of sales in the UK. But a series of media exposes found that they had paid surprisingly little in tax. The public was angry and politicians are looking to ensure companies pay their fair share of tax. Margaret Hodge, the Labour MP who chairs the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) says that after the financial crisis, the world "does demand different standards." "Paying tax should cease to be a voluntary gesture for the rich and the powerful and a civic obligation for the rest of us," she told a conference in London this week. "We should all pay out fair share." The event, which was hosted by the PAC, was to discuss the impact of the globalization of taxation. Now the wheels are in motion to tighten the screws on the international tax system. Leaders of the world's largest economies are considering whether to ratify new global tax rules next month. But the task of tidying up the system may prove both controversial and difficult. Low tax bills In 2012, Starbucks was found to have paid just £8.6m in UK tax over fourteen years, despite making over £3bn ($4.8bn) in UK sales since 1998. This was because corporation tax is paid on profits and, despite the vast sales, the company reported losses over that time. The following year, Amazon's UK subsidiary was reported to have paid just £2.4m despite generating sales of £4.3bn. Google, Apple and others have joined the list of big corporate names that have also found themselves in hot water over their tax bills. With the effects of the financial crisis still being felt, people were frustrated that these companies were seemingly able to game the system. As Grace Perez-Navarro, deputy director at the Organization for Economic and Social Development (OECD) said, the world had not seen such public displays of anger over the tax paid by companies since the Boston Tea Party - a reference to pre-revolutionary US protests. Politicians realised that something needed to be done. Legality There is little to stop multinational corporations using their global reach to play national tax rules - and taking advantage of discrepancies or loopholes - in a way that minimises their tax bills. They adjust their business structures so that they can claim economic activity or value is generated in countries where there is little or no tax to pay. However, critics argue that there are economic and social costs from companies adopting such strategies. By avoiding paying tax, these international companies deprive governments of resources. Figures from HMRC, released earlier this month, showed that in 2012-13, the UK lost £3.1bn due to tax avoidance. Such practices might distort competition, as larger international companies can shift activities around the globe to lower their tax bill in a way that smaller rivals cannot. Pressure from civil society groups, and certain governments, is mounting on the international community to take action. And there are signs that it is waking up. Global problem The issue is about how globally active companies are able to "game" national tax systems. So to bridge the divide between separate tax regimes, the problem requires a global solution. "Tax administrations are trapped by their national borders and they need some way to overcome that," says Ms Perez-Navarro. The OECD, representing 34 economically advanced economies, has led the charge on reforming how global tax rules work. Last year the OECD put forward a 15-point action plan to ensure that companies are taxed where economic activity takes place. With its cumbersome title, the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Action Plan (BEPS), aims to stop companies making profits "disappear" for tax purposes. It also targets companies that shift profits to countries where they conduct little or no real activity but where taxes are low. The idea of the two-year BEPS project is to phase in a series of changes in national and international tax law to close loopholes, clarify financial reporting, and tighten rules on the taxation of certain activities. In September, finance ministers from the G20 group of advanced economies endorsed the first phase of the programme. G20 members will report on their progress in implementing the BEPS action plan in November. Despite this growing international consensus, there is strong criticism that the OECD's project is flawed. Criticism First on the list of critics' gripes is that the OECD is the wrong forum to lead the debate. The OECD - often seen as only representing richer countries - may not be best placed to find a truly global solution. Some argue that there should be greater efforts to ensure that lesser economically developed countries are also being heard. Second, the system needs a deeper overhaul, critics argue. Most international tax rules are based on various treaties that were initially established by the League of Nations following the First World War. Sol Picciotto, a professor at Lancaster University, says that the OECD later took on this role and now looks after most international tax rules - around 80%, by his estimations. He believes that the debate should take place in a wider forum. "They are the tax experts," he says, in relation to the OECD, "but we do need a bigger debate." "They can do running repairs as they go along but I think as they get more into the project, they will see how the machine also needs redesigning." Richard Murphy, a director of Tax Research UK, agrees that the international tax system "is worn out." "We pretend that there are thousands of companies in multinational corporations all of which are independent when quite clearly that's a fabrication." The problems facing the OECD, and others, are numerous and complex. The complexity of the UK's tax system doesn't help. Tax code Michael Izza, chief executive of the Institute for Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, says that the UK has one of the most complex tax systems in the world. In 2007, the UK tax code run to around 11,500 pages. Now it is around 17,000 pages, he says. He is calling on MPs to take this issue forward. "We've got to be serious about simplification." Richard Bacon, a Conservative member of the PAC, agrees that there have been problems with the UK tax code. When it gets to such a length, "surely the only possible solution is to set it on fire," he jokes. Trouble ahead Joking aside, ironing out wrinkles in the global tax regime is no mean feat. Some doubt whether there is sufficient political willingness to implement the OECD's project. Even if there is, there are questions over whether the system can be fixed or whether it should be discarded and completely overhauled. And at the heart of this debate, policymakers are trying to ensure that their drive to boost tax revenues doesn't harm business. "Despite all of the public outcry and, perhaps some might say, the tarring and feathering of multinationals, it is important to understand that this is not an anti-business agenda for us," says the OECD's Grace Perez-Navarro. Role of business Policymakers have a tough task ahead. But some are asking whether businesses should be play a more active role in the debate. Rather than pay only what they are legally obliged to, the argument goes, businesses should ensure that that are contributing a sufficient amount to the society that lets them thrive. Justin King, former chief executive of Sainsbury's, says businesses often argue that they pay tax as the law requires them to. However, this is the just a minimum requirement, Mr King says, "it doesn't make you a good citizen." Consumers should be able to question a company's tax policy as much as they question a company's environment and social policy, he argued. It remains to be seen whether businesses will shift tactics. But whether companies do so or not, the political drive to change the international tax system could force businesses to change how they operate.
[A]: Pressure grows to tighten global tax rules
[Q]: Tesco has also met with the community's newly-elected Green Party councillor, Gus Hoyt, to discuss the recent unrest in the Stokes Croft area of the city. Mr Hoyt said he would be calling for an independent inquiry into the cause of the protests before the shop reopens. Police have also released more CCTV showing three men they would like to speak to in connection with the riots. The street clashes happened on 21 and 22 April when police raided a nearby squat after fears Tesco was to be petrol bombed. 'Bow out gracefully' Mr Hoyt said: "I want to see exactly what they [Tesco] have to offer and whether we can persuade them that the best thing as far as public safety is concerned is for them to bow out gracefully. "I haven't called officially for an independent inquiry yet but I will be asking for one and I'm going to start investigating tomorrow which exact channels to go through. "We've had two riots in the space of one week and the local community want to get to the bottom of what happened and move on." A spokesman for Tesco said: "We are in discussions with the police and local representatives [of Stokes Croft]. "Our intention is and has always been to reopen the Tesco Express. We are repairing the store at the moment." About 300 people were involved in clashes with the police in the street protests over the Easter weekend. Violent disorder Another protest took place in Stokes Croft a week later. It started peacefully but ended violently and both police and protesters were injured. Avon and Somerset Police have already arrested 45 people in connection with the disturbances but are still trying to trace more. Det Chief Insp Will White said: "We are determined to identify the outstanding offenders who have done extensive damage to the Stokes Croft area. "We need the assistance of the public to do this and hope that these video clips and images prompt more people to come forward and help us bring the remaining offenders to justice." Nine people have been charged with offences relating to violent disorder. Stephen Farthing, 32, of Stokes Croft, is due to be sentenced at Bristol Crown Court on 17 May after he admitted violent disorder in relation to the first disturbance. A 17-year-old youth from Bishopsworth, Bristol, has been charged with wounding with intent, violent disorder and theft. Tesco have not said whether they are currently re-stocking the store or when they plan to reopen the branch. Related Internet Links Tesco Bristol City Council Peoples Republic of Stokes Croft Avon and Somerset Police
[A]: Stokes Croft riot-damaged Tesco due to reopen
[Q]: Ms Baloch, a controversial figure known for her outspoken posts and suggestive photos and videos, posted selfies with Mufti Abdul Qavi last month. He was suspended from two important councils as a result. Ms Baloch, 26, was strangled by her brother Waseem early on Saturday in their hometown of Multan. He admitted the apparent "honour killing", saying it was justified. The cleric has denied any role in the murder but says he will appear for questioning if summoned by police. Following the murder he said Ms Baloch's fate should serve as a lesson for others who want to mock religious figures. He also said that he had "forgiven" her. Police in Multan say they are also investigating Ms Baloch's other brother, Aslam, a junior army officer whom her father accused of encouraging Waseem to murder her. 'We are becoming more intolerant': Pakistani comedian Junaid Akram interviewed by Kevin Ponniah, BBC News A video posted on Facebook by this Pakistani comedian titled 'This one's for Qandeel Baloch' has been shared more than 11,000 times. He questions why Pakistani society has "placed its honour between the legs of a woman" and become so willing to resort to violence when confronted with something deemed objectionable. Junaid told the BBC that while he personally did not support Ms Baloch's actions, he believes Pakistani society is too easily offended and needs to change. "Why don't we get offended by things that actually affect our lives? Why should we get offended by a girl in Lahore who decided to show a little cleavage?" he asks. Sadly, Ms Baloch's death didn't come as a surprise given her actions, he adds - an indictment on a society where people are too willing to "play God" themselves. The response to Junaid's video has been overwhelmingly positive, he says, but that does not erase the fact that some on social media feel her murder was justified and having been making that known. Her father, Mohammad Azeem, said she had supported the entire family financially. Ms Baloch, whose real name was Fouzia Azeem, divided views in conservative Pakistan, with many disapproving of her actions. The model and self-declared "modern day feminist" faced online abuse and death threats. Her death has sparked a debate over "honour killings" and what is acceptable behaviour online for women in Pakistan. Qandeel Baloch in her own words "I believe I am a modern day feminist. I believe in equality. I need not to choose what type of women should be. I don't think there is any need to label ourselves just for sake of society. I am just a women with free thoughts free mindset and I LOVE THE WAY I AM." (Facebook, 14 July) Love me or hate me both are in my favour. If you love me I Will always be in your heart, if you hate me I'll always be in ur mind (Facebook, 3 July)
[A]: | Qandeel Baloch: Cleric who appeared in selfies investigated
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Example solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Example explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Problem: Ms Baloch, a controversial figure known for her outspoken posts and suggestive photos and videos, posted selfies with Mufti Abdul Qavi last month. He was suspended from two important councils as a result. Ms Baloch, 26, was strangled by her brother Waseem early on Saturday in their hometown of Multan. He admitted the apparent "honour killing", saying it was justified. The cleric has denied any role in the murder but says he will appear for questioning if summoned by police. Following the murder he said Ms Baloch's fate should serve as a lesson for others who want to mock religious figures. He also said that he had "forgiven" her. Police in Multan say they are also investigating Ms Baloch's other brother, Aslam, a junior army officer whom her father accused of encouraging Waseem to murder her. 'We are becoming more intolerant': Pakistani comedian Junaid Akram interviewed by Kevin Ponniah, BBC News A video posted on Facebook by this Pakistani comedian titled 'This one's for Qandeel Baloch' has been shared more than 11,000 times. He questions why Pakistani society has "placed its honour between the legs of a woman" and become so willing to resort to violence when confronted with something deemed objectionable. Junaid told the BBC that while he personally did not support Ms Baloch's actions, he believes Pakistani society is too easily offended and needs to change. "Why don't we get offended by things that actually affect our lives? Why should we get offended by a girl in Lahore who decided to show a little cleavage?" he asks. Sadly, Ms Baloch's death didn't come as a surprise given her actions, he adds - an indictment on a society where people are too willing to "play God" themselves. The response to Junaid's video has been overwhelmingly positive, he says, but that does not erase the fact that some on social media feel her murder was justified and having been making that known. Her father, Mohammad Azeem, said she had supported the entire family financially. Ms Baloch, whose real name was Fouzia Azeem, divided views in conservative Pakistan, with many disapproving of her actions. The model and self-declared "modern day feminist" faced online abuse and death threats. Her death has sparked a debate over "honour killings" and what is acceptable behaviour online for women in Pakistan. Qandeel Baloch in her own words "I believe I am a modern day feminist. I believe in equality. I need not to choose what type of women should be. I don't think there is any need to label ourselves just for sake of society. I am just a women with free thoughts free mindset and I LOVE THE WAY I AM." (Facebook, 14 July) Love me or hate me both are in my favour. If you love me I Will always be in your heart, if you hate me I'll always be in ur mind (Facebook, 3 July)
| Solution: Qandeel Baloch: Cleric who appeared in selfies investigated | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: Dad, what was all that screaming coming from the art store?
Response 1: They look like they can touch the sky! Scrape it, even!
Response 2: Don't worry about it, Dean. It's just grown up stuff. Just grown up screaming.
| Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Q: Langevin votes the party line about 98 percent of the time."
A: | bipartisanship | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Example: story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
Output: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep
The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.
New input case for you: story: Kelley wanted a cat. But she didn't think her parents would let her. Finally they said no. They got her two cats. Kelley named them Fred and George.
selected sentence: Finally they said no.
Output: | Kelley asks her parents for a cat >Causes/Enables> Kelley's parents say they'll get two cats | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Ex Input:
story: Mike wanted to start his own business. All his friends told him not too and that it was a bad idea. Mike was told that most business fail within the first months. Mike still believed in himself and did it anyway. Now over a year later Mike's business is very successful.
selected sentence: Now over a year later Mike's business is very successful.
Ex Output:
Mike starts a business >Causes/Enables> Mike's business is successful
Ex Input:
story: Susan really loves her art. She gets excited over it. To the point where last week she broke her paintbrush. She had to buy a new one. Now she takes better care of it but is still excited.
selected sentence: She had to buy a new one.
Ex Output:
Susan breaks her paintbrush >Causes/Enables> Susan has to buy a new paintbrush
Ex Input:
story: Kelley wanted a cat. But she didn't think her parents would let her. Finally they said no. They got her two cats. Kelley named them Fred and George.
selected sentence: Finally they said no.
Ex Output:
| Kelley asks her parents for a cat >Causes/Enables> Kelley's parents say they'll get two cats
| NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
See one example below:
Problem: Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Solution: yes
Explanation: Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
Problem: Context: it doesn't get more flyera than thatpeak flyera — RMNB (@russianmachine) April 17, 2016 Question: i don't know what else to ask about this Answer: i'm not sure
Solution: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Q: Context: Melania Trump says she wishes her husband would use nicer language — sometimes #TrumpFamily CNN Politics (@CNNPolitics) April 13, 2016 Question: melania trump wishes who would use nicer language? Answer: her husband.
A: yes
****
Q: Context: A5: Look at your projections. If they show you are better off selling, then sell. Hold out if it shows there are better offers. #CNNAfrica— Gossy Ukanwoke (@gossyomega) January 14, 2015 Question: what is the tweeter watching? Answer: the vice presidential debate
A: no
****
Q: Context: it doesn't get more flyera than thatpeak flyera — RMNB (@russianmachine) April 17, 2016 Question: i don't know what else to ask about this Answer: i'm not sure
A: | yes
****
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Definition: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Input: Every (personhood) bill Ive ever support has either had language that says were conforming to the constitutional rulings of the Supreme Court or something to that effect.
Output: | abortion | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: Excellent value. Choices: 1. It is an excellent value. 2. It is a very poor value. 3. It is an excellent value at just $130 a night.
Output: | 2 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Q: Danny Reagan: Huh , what 's wrong , have you lost your appetite ? You look like you 've seen a dead person or something .
Jamie Reagan: What , you put Renzulli up to it ?
Danny Reagan: Come on , when 's Renzulli ever listened to anything I say .
Jamie Reagan: I had to burn that uniform .
Henry Reagan: Hey , the rookie gets the short stick on the job since back before I came on .
Danny Reagan: Yeah , speaking of sticks grandpa , I offered Jamie your old blackjack too .
Henry Reagan: My old slapper ?
Danny Reagan: Mhmm .
Henry Reagan: I take that as a compliment .
Danny Reagan: Yeah , he turned it down .
Frank Reagan: It 's not _ 1959 _ , pop .
Henry Reagan: That 's 1969 thank you very much , Francis .
Frank Reagan: They 're not authorised .
Henry Reagan: Does n't mean it ca n't save your life .
Danny Reagan: Nah , it 's all right , let him learn the hard way , when he 's rolling around on the dirt with three hundred pounds of prison muscle .
Frank Reagan: I never carried one .
Danny Reagan: Come on dad , you 're six foot four , you 've got hands of stone . I still remember spankings I got from you . With those war clubs .
Frank Reagan: Gave me plenty of chances .
Jamie Reagan: Just finally what you want , everybody in this room knows that those things did most of the damage , after the perp was cuffed .
Danny Reagan: What am I going to do with you ? Hmm ? Somebody teach this kid the ropes .
Jamie Reagan: You 've got a problem with me when I 'm a dumb rookie , and a problem when I 'm not , why is that ?
A: | YEAR | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Example input: Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Example output: pollution.
Example explanation: The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
Q: Sentence1: a radio is used for communication.
Sentence2: All radios are frequency tuned .
A: | radio | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Example Input: Sentence1: Propane can be either a liquid or a gas.
Sentence2: heat can be added to propane to change it's properties through the boiling process.
Example Output: Propane
Example Input: Sentence1: Instead, the body is covered with a protective shell of bony armor.
Sentence2: Most mollusks have protective of bony armor.
Example Output: armor
Example Input: Sentence1: a radio is used for communication.
Sentence2: All radios are frequency tuned .
Example Output: | radio
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
One example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Solution is here: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Now, solve this: By Kevin CoreYou and Yours, Radio 4 So five years ago, after being told by a career consultant to "do what he loves", the former financier quit banking to set up a website selling board games. It has worked well. In the last year alone, Boardgameguru's sales have risen about 50%, in line with similar growth reported by other specialists selling so-called "second generation" games. The popularity of board games has risen thanks to the growing popularity of tablet computers, as playable taster apps on touch screens are increasingly taking board games "from tablet to table". 'Socially acceptable' Outside his business, Mr Lister is also an organiser of London On Board, a series of games nights for devotees who like a dice roll with a drink. Four nights a week and all weekend, some 50 players pack out the restaurant areas of pubs in Bank and St James's to play their favourite games, meet like-minded players and help out the newcomers. The nights are free, but newcomers are warned not to expect a four-hour session of Monopoly or a tussle with a Scrabble expert who has memorised all the two-letter words in the dictionary. Many turn up to the games nights to play so-called second generation games or Eurogames; collaborative, theme-based titles that are immensely popular in Germany and are being played increasingly in the UK. "The reputation of people who did this kind of thing was that we were a bit sad, but it's socially acceptable now," says Mr Lister. "Scrabble and Monopoly are examples of old designs, but Germany leads the way in what I call democratic games. "Families there play them constantly rather than disappear off to bedrooms to play the computer alone. "There's no player elimination, everyone gets to play right to the end, and a lot of German-style games minimise the amount of luck you need." Dice and digital In an attempt to reflect post-war German society, games have culturally moved away from the militarism and conquest that are the hallmarks of games such as Risk. Many of the German-style games can be played in less than 90 minutes, bypassing the age-old problem of exhausted younger players staying up past their bedtimes. Examples include Settlers of Catan, in which players colonise a new land, and Pandemic, which sees the group battle a virulent disease. A particular favourite of Mr Lister's is the 17th Century farming game Agricola, and there's also Carcassonne, which recreates the French medieval city. New games are constantly emerging with the best receiving recognition in the German Spiel des Jahres, or game of the year, award. Winning titles are almost guaranteed to see sales rise by 200,000 or 250,000 that year. At first glance, the traditional world of board games would seem to be incompatible with the computer games industry, which clocks up sales of some £2bn each year in the UK. But Mr Lister believes modern board game fans are mixing dice and digital nicely. "There are all kinds of apps which allow people to play a quick version of the board game," he says. "Then you get the physical copy and play with friends." Steve Buckmaster, sales director with the UK's biggest board games distributor Esdevium Games, agrees that smartphones and tablets have signposted gamers to the traditional end of the market. "Sales seem to be growing because we're in a world of ratings and referrals," he says. "It's extremely easy to look a game up on Amazon or a review site and it takes the risk away of trying something." Niche to mainstream Esdevium, which was named after the initials of its founders Samuel Duncan and Valerie May, has been around since the 1970s and has seen the market develop. Sales of the games at the company have doubled in two years, with Settlers of Catan, and Carcassonne rising from 8,000 in 2010 to 18,000 last year. The railroad building game Ticket to Ride is another hit, its popularity mirrored on Google where it is in the top four hits - ahead of the Beatles song. In two years, its sales at Esdevium have risen from 3,500 to 9,000 and worldwide they have doubled since a playable app was launched. As a former employee of Hasbro, Mr Buckmaster says the distribution model has changed too. "It used to be that you had to get a game into Woolworths, get the adverts on for Christmas and the public would decide based on what it had put in front of them," he says. "That world has gone. [These days], great products can generate good reviews and the sales accumulate." Luxury games The market for board games is now so advanced that there is even an upmarket segment. "We are a luxury games maker," says Joe Jaques from Jaques of London, which was founded in 1795 and went on to bring Ludo, snakes and ladders, ping pong and tiddly winks to the masses. "There's a cheaper version of everything we do," says Mr Jaques, an eight generation games maker. "Despite this we're doing very well." Success for Jaques came with the explosion in the popularity of parlour games in the UK in the 1860s. Now, a century and a half later, the company is seeing yet another boom in sales. "Parents up to the age of 45 grew up around computer games," says Mr Jaques. "This is our key demographic. They are the people doing the purchasing and you'd think they would tend towards computer games, but in our experience they're not." Mr Buckmaster from Esdevium says the industry has benefited from a change in attitudes to a previously dirty word: Geek. From men's clothing on the catwalk to secret agent James Bond's new gadget master Q, modern culture has embraced the nerd. He says: "There's a hugely popular sitcom, The Big Bang Theory, and they play Settlers of Catan in that," says Mr Buckmaster. "And if you watch Channel 4's The IT Crowd, you can see a set of Ticket to Ride in Moz's office. "New games are passing into popular culture. They're brilliantly designed, they don't take forever to play and they're intelligent. "You finish them and say, 'Wow, that was cool'."
Solution: | Dice and digital - rehabilitating the board game geek | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[EX Q]: Katya AdlerEurope editor@BBCkatyaadleron Twitter But, like most easy-sounding explanations for complex situations, the description above is facile; the truth far more grey than black-and-white. Firstly, Europe's migration regulations have long been unfit for purpose. Think back to the height of the migrant crisis three years ago, when EU countries couldn't slam the door on their neighbours fast enough in order to avoid the influx of asylum seekers. And European solidarity hasn't progressed much since. The number of migrant arrivals is down on previous years - especially for Greece, now that there is a questionable agreement in place with Turkey to crack down on people smugglers, who largely focused on Syrians trying to escape their bloody conflict. But mass irregular migration to Europe is far from over. Italy has continued to receive boatloads of people for years, ever since its neighbour across the Mediterranean, Libya, was thrown into lawlessness following Muammar Gaddafi's demise in the wake of the British- and French-led Nato military intervention. Since then hundreds of thousands of people have arrived in Italy, the majority from African countries not at war. Under normal circumstances, most would be classed as economic migrants rather than refugees and eligible therefore for deportation, but the asylum process is lengthy and the terrible treatment suffered by migrants at the hands of Libyan gangs en route renders many cases more complex. Italy has overflowing migrant centres and those who manage to slip away from them have sought refuge in abandoned houses. Why Italy's Salvini has changed Europe's debate Many migrants don't want to be in Italy at all. Their goal is the richer north of Europe but France and Austria have blocked their path by keeping their borders with Italy firmly shut. While elsewhere along the Mediterranean coastline, France, Spain and Malta have purposefully looked the other way. That, claims Italy's powerful new interior minister, is how his country has ended up as the "refugee camp of Europe". And before you dismiss Matteo Salvini as an alt-right, anti-EU troublemaker and admirer-in-chief of President Donald Trump's brash and brutal style of politics (all allegations with quite some truth to them) consider this: It was the centre-left government of normally mild-mannered former Italian Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni that first threatened to close Italy's ports to migrant rescue vessels not licensed by the Italian authorities. Mr Gentiloni implored other EU countries to open their doors, to share some of the burden of housing and processing irregular migrant arrivals, integrating migrants with successful asylum claims and arranging the return home of those not eligible to stay in Europe. No-one listened then. But they're certainly paying attention now. European leaders scoring points on migration Mr Salvini's social media crowing of "Victory!" as a result may be crass but his popularity at home, the huge success of his "Italians First!" slogan is far from a bolt from the blue. You saw this week the reaction of many Italian mayors wanting to help the migrants on board the Aquarius despite their government's antics. Most Italians don't want to turn their back on the destitute but their frustration has reached breaking point at being "abandoned by the EU" as they see it, to deal with what is in fact a pan-European problem. Matteo Salvini is a canny politician. A populist in the true sense of the word. He is always out and about in town squares and village festivals, listening carefully to Italians' concerns. "He knows that to get crowds of voters on your side, you need to identify a common enemy," Nicoletta Maggi told me. She's a political assistant who has known Mr Salvini since he was a teenager, when he was studying politics on paper and observing rallies in the street. "Salvini has changed the identity of this enemy over the years, as he moved from regional to national politics. Right now he's identified immigration and the EU as the winning focus. He knows how fed-up and angry Italians are." Italy's interior minister is far from the only European government figure scrambling to make political capital out of this latest chapter in the migrant crisis. Spain's new prime minister rushed to earn his stripes in Brussels by stepping into the painful stand-off between Italy and Malta over the Aquarius this week with a decision to open up the port at Valencia to the migrants instead. I expect Pedro Sánchez to want to cash in those political points at some later stage. But Spain cuts a lonely figure in a sea of EU countries besieged by anti-immigration sentiment: EU's struggle for united policy The bottom line, as Italy knows too well, is that there is a screaming absence in EU policy when it comes to a coherent, united and functioning plan to deal with irregular migration in the short and medium term. There is the underfunded and much derided long-term EU strategy for Africa - aimed at making life better over there so fewer people are tempted to make the risky journey over here. But as millions poured over EU borders back in 2015, the action that truly stemmed the flow was arguably nothing co-ordinated in Brussels, not even the shaky deal with Turkey. What really made the difference was a unilateral decision by Austria's audacious foreign minister Sebastian Kurz - now prime minister - to orchestrate the closure of the migrants' route through Europe to their target countries in the richer north. Fast forward three years and - once again without Brussels and outside the EU framework - the interior ministers of Austria (the country that currently holds the rotating EU presidency), Germany and Italy have announced they're forming their own "axis" of co-operation on security and migration. Meanwhile the Austrian and Danish prime ministers have been discussing their preferred plan to set up camps for processing asylum seekers outside the EU. The idea of external processing camps is not new of course. President Macron has spoken in favour of them in the past. Similar models, much criticised by NGOs and human rights campaigners, are employed by the US and Australia. Has the EU given Italy the nod on migrants? But as a result of Italy's antics this week, European leaders are being spurred into action, or are at least considering it far more seriously. As a decision-making bloc, the EU is famous for only ever making dramatic moves when proverbial backs are well and truly against the wall. That, for example, is why EU leaders, despite all their promises and handwringing during the height of the euro crisis are now - with the currency currently in a much happier state - dragging their feet over reforms. And so it is with irregular migration. EU leaders were happy to forget the crisis post the 2015 flood, leaving the frontline Mediterranean countries to mop up the rest of the mess. Call me cynical if you will, but I've noticed a fair few politically expedient elements colliding this week. The current European Commission team, headed by Jean-Claude Juncker, is coming to the end of its mandate and considering its legacy. The migrant crisis has made a mockery of EU unity these past years and fuelled the popularity of anti-EU, nationalist sentiment in many corners of the continent, not least in Italy - a founding EU country and not long ago one of the bloc's most enthusiastic members. I'm reminded of a conversation I had with a high-level European contact the night before Italy's new populist government was formed. He told me Brussels was preparing to work with the Eurosceptic politicians, helping them with issues like migration, he said, as long as they refrained from confronting EU institutions by messing with eurozone regulations, as they had previously threatened. Watching this week's posturing by the Italian government, using the lives of migrants as political footballs yet escaping censure from the powers that be in Brussels, I'm wondering if they received a nod, however imperceptible, to take this action. In order perhaps to alert the rest of Europe to the crisis - for the ostriches to take their heads out of the sand, as Spain's prime minister has put it - and finally co-ordinate coherent, responsibility-taking pan-European migration policies. That would suit Brussels as well as Italy, would it not? It would suit EU-linchpin Germany too. Angela Merkel has been at loggerheads with her tough-on-migration interior minister, Horst Seehofer, this week. She more than most EU leaders has been politically burnt by Europe's asymmetrical attitudes to irregular migration. After the Aquarius debacle, migration is assured a front-and-centre spot at a summit of EU leaders at the end of this month. If, even now, no common European solution is found, Angela Merkel has warned, the foundation of the European Union will be called into question.
[EX A]: EU's Mediterranean migrant crisis: Just a mess or cynical politics?
[EX Q]: Provisional figures from Scotland's electoral registration officers show 1,010,638 people are now registered to vote by post on 6 May. It accounts for nearly one quarter of the electorate (23.8%) and is the highest number ever registered for a postal vote in Scotland. Postal ballots must be received by 22:00 on polling day. SCOTLAND ALERTS: Get extra updates on BBC election coverage At the last Holyrood election in 2016 there were 726,555 registered postal voters, amounting to 17.7% of the electorate. The head of the Electoral Commission in Scotland, Andy O'Neill, said: "With many people voting by post for the first time this May, it's really important that they follow the instructions in their postal ballot pack to make sure their vote can count. "Half of all postal votes rejected at the last UK general election were because the signature or date of birth did not match their application. "Extra care needs to be taken when filling in these parts of the postal voting statement." How does postal voting work? The deadline to apply for a postal vote was 6 April. It is still possible to apply for a proxy vote where a voter can appoint someone they trust to cast their vote. The deadline to apply for a proxy vote is 27 April.
[EX A]: Scottish Election 2021: Record number apply for postal votes
[EX Q]: By Kevin CoreYou and Yours, Radio 4 So five years ago, after being told by a career consultant to "do what he loves", the former financier quit banking to set up a website selling board games. It has worked well. In the last year alone, Boardgameguru's sales have risen about 50%, in line with similar growth reported by other specialists selling so-called "second generation" games. The popularity of board games has risen thanks to the growing popularity of tablet computers, as playable taster apps on touch screens are increasingly taking board games "from tablet to table". 'Socially acceptable' Outside his business, Mr Lister is also an organiser of London On Board, a series of games nights for devotees who like a dice roll with a drink. Four nights a week and all weekend, some 50 players pack out the restaurant areas of pubs in Bank and St James's to play their favourite games, meet like-minded players and help out the newcomers. The nights are free, but newcomers are warned not to expect a four-hour session of Monopoly or a tussle with a Scrabble expert who has memorised all the two-letter words in the dictionary. Many turn up to the games nights to play so-called second generation games or Eurogames; collaborative, theme-based titles that are immensely popular in Germany and are being played increasingly in the UK. "The reputation of people who did this kind of thing was that we were a bit sad, but it's socially acceptable now," says Mr Lister. "Scrabble and Monopoly are examples of old designs, but Germany leads the way in what I call democratic games. "Families there play them constantly rather than disappear off to bedrooms to play the computer alone. "There's no player elimination, everyone gets to play right to the end, and a lot of German-style games minimise the amount of luck you need." Dice and digital In an attempt to reflect post-war German society, games have culturally moved away from the militarism and conquest that are the hallmarks of games such as Risk. Many of the German-style games can be played in less than 90 minutes, bypassing the age-old problem of exhausted younger players staying up past their bedtimes. Examples include Settlers of Catan, in which players colonise a new land, and Pandemic, which sees the group battle a virulent disease. A particular favourite of Mr Lister's is the 17th Century farming game Agricola, and there's also Carcassonne, which recreates the French medieval city. New games are constantly emerging with the best receiving recognition in the German Spiel des Jahres, or game of the year, award. Winning titles are almost guaranteed to see sales rise by 200,000 or 250,000 that year. At first glance, the traditional world of board games would seem to be incompatible with the computer games industry, which clocks up sales of some £2bn each year in the UK. But Mr Lister believes modern board game fans are mixing dice and digital nicely. "There are all kinds of apps which allow people to play a quick version of the board game," he says. "Then you get the physical copy and play with friends." Steve Buckmaster, sales director with the UK's biggest board games distributor Esdevium Games, agrees that smartphones and tablets have signposted gamers to the traditional end of the market. "Sales seem to be growing because we're in a world of ratings and referrals," he says. "It's extremely easy to look a game up on Amazon or a review site and it takes the risk away of trying something." Niche to mainstream Esdevium, which was named after the initials of its founders Samuel Duncan and Valerie May, has been around since the 1970s and has seen the market develop. Sales of the games at the company have doubled in two years, with Settlers of Catan, and Carcassonne rising from 8,000 in 2010 to 18,000 last year. The railroad building game Ticket to Ride is another hit, its popularity mirrored on Google where it is in the top four hits - ahead of the Beatles song. In two years, its sales at Esdevium have risen from 3,500 to 9,000 and worldwide they have doubled since a playable app was launched. As a former employee of Hasbro, Mr Buckmaster says the distribution model has changed too. "It used to be that you had to get a game into Woolworths, get the adverts on for Christmas and the public would decide based on what it had put in front of them," he says. "That world has gone. [These days], great products can generate good reviews and the sales accumulate." Luxury games The market for board games is now so advanced that there is even an upmarket segment. "We are a luxury games maker," says Joe Jaques from Jaques of London, which was founded in 1795 and went on to bring Ludo, snakes and ladders, ping pong and tiddly winks to the masses. "There's a cheaper version of everything we do," says Mr Jaques, an eight generation games maker. "Despite this we're doing very well." Success for Jaques came with the explosion in the popularity of parlour games in the UK in the 1860s. Now, a century and a half later, the company is seeing yet another boom in sales. "Parents up to the age of 45 grew up around computer games," says Mr Jaques. "This is our key demographic. They are the people doing the purchasing and you'd think they would tend towards computer games, but in our experience they're not." Mr Buckmaster from Esdevium says the industry has benefited from a change in attitudes to a previously dirty word: Geek. From men's clothing on the catwalk to secret agent James Bond's new gadget master Q, modern culture has embraced the nerd. He says: "There's a hugely popular sitcom, The Big Bang Theory, and they play Settlers of Catan in that," says Mr Buckmaster. "And if you watch Channel 4's The IT Crowd, you can see a set of Ticket to Ride in Moz's office. "New games are passing into popular culture. They're brilliantly designed, they don't take forever to play and they're intelligent. "You finish them and say, 'Wow, that was cool'."
[EX A]: | Dice and digital - rehabilitating the board game geek
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: Yes. She looked perplexed. Choices: 1. She was confused by the directions to install the new software. 2. She understood everything. 3. She looked very confused.
Output: | 2 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Athens_International_Airport | runwayLength | 4000.0
Output: | The runway length of Athens International Airport is 4000.0. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: I went to the playground when I was young. I used to slide down the poles all day. I would slide really fast. I broke my arm one slide. I had to get a bright green cast.
selected sentence: I used to slide down the poles all day.
Output: | I went to the playground >Causes/Enables> I slid down the poles | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
Solution: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep
Why? The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.
New input: story: I was headed to visit my boyfriend. When I got there, I noticed an unfamiliar car parked in front. I walked in and found him in bed with his ex-girlfriend! I screamed at him, cried and ran out the door. I never talked to him again.
selected sentence: When I got there, I noticed an unfamiliar car parked in front.
Solution: | I head to visit my boyfriend >Causes/Enables> I get there | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: Alright, Pip, that's enough. Go have a seat.
Response 1: You're soaking wet. Go dry off, Pip.
Response 2: Oh my, is it a a new garden shape? I loved the tetrahedron that you made last year.
| Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: Growing up as a kid we lived near a pond. Their was a ton of frogs that lived in this pond. One day me and my little brothers caught as many frogs as we could. We brought them home and put them in our little plastic swimming pool. When my Dad got home he was amazed but made us take them back.
selected sentence: When my Dad got home he was amazed but made us take them back.
We bring frogs home >Causes/Enables> My dad makes us return them
story: Cindy has a boring life. She never goes out to party or drink. One night one of her friends takes her out to have fun. Cindy gets all dressed up and goes out. Cindy has the time of her life on the dance floor.
selected sentence: She never goes out to party or drink.
Cindy has a boring life >Causes/Enables> Cindy never goes out to party or drink
story: I was headed to visit my boyfriend. When I got there, I noticed an unfamiliar car parked in front. I walked in and found him in bed with his ex-girlfriend! I screamed at him, cried and ran out the door. I never talked to him again.
selected sentence: When I got there, I noticed an unfamiliar car parked in front.
| I head to visit my boyfriend >Causes/Enables> I get there
| NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Q: Akron_Summit_Assault | ground | Akron,_Ohio
Akron_Summit_Assault | league | Premier_Development_League
Premier_Development_League | champions | K-W_United_FC
A: | The Akron Summit Assault team is based in Akron, Ohio and play in the Premier Development League where K-W United FC were previous champions. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Q: Context: #Farriery competition in progress at the Moreton Morrell Annual Show Warwickshire College (@WarwickshireCol) May 17, 2014 Question: who thinks aleppo is a synonym for hell? Answer: ban ki-moon
A: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Q: Del Boy: Oh , no , Raquel . You must never lose sight of your dream ! When I was 18 , I decided I was gon na be a millionaire by the time I was 21 .
Raquel Turner: Really ?
Del Boy: Yep ... and when I was 21 , I said I 'd be a millionaire by the time I was 30 ... and when I was _ 30 _ ... Fancy a Jammy - Dodger ?
A: | AGE | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
Instructions: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Input: 3Arena | architect | Populous_(company)
3Arena | height | 28.0 (metres)
3Arena | buildingType | "Concert and events venue"
3Arena | completionDate | "December 2008"
Output: | The architect of 3Arena was the company Populous, it is a 28.0 metres high concerts and events venue type building that was completed in December 2008. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
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