source
stringclasses 5
values | query_id
stringlengths 36
36
| query
stringlengths 11
298
| doc_name
stringlengths 3
108
| answer
sequencelengths 1
131
| doc_url
stringlengths 39
44
| num_doc_labels
int32 1
5
| doc_pool
sequence | oracle
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
naturalqa | 0b151daf-1483-49cd-820b-cfbd77e2dbff | who sings the dumb ways to die song | Dumb Ways to Die | [
"Emily Lubitz"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37683560 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"0b151daf-1483-49cd-820b-cfbd77e2dbff",
"0b151daf-1483-49cd-820b-cfbd77e2dbff",
"0b151daf-1483-49cd-820b-cfbd77e2dbff",
"0b151daf-1483-49cd-820b-cfbd77e2dbff",
"0b151daf-1483-49cd-820b-cfbd77e2dbff"
],
"doc_name": [
"Dumb Ways to Die",
"Dumb Ways to Die",
"Dumb Ways to Die",
"Dumb Ways to Die",
"Dumb Ways to Die"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"2012 public campaign by Metro Trains Melbourne\nDumb Ways to Die is an Australian public campaign and media franchise made by Metro Trains in Melbourne, Victoria to promote railway safety. The campaign video went viral on social media after it was released in November 2012. The campaign's animation was developed into an app available to iOS and Android devices. On 1 October 2021, PlaySide Studios acquired the Dumb Ways to Die franchise for A$2.25 million from Metro. PlaySide Studios also released an NFT called BEANS on 3 February 2022. Campaign. The campaign was devised by advertising agency McCann Melbourne. It appeared in newspapers, local radio and outdoor advertising throughout the Metro Trains network and on Tumblr. John Mescall, executive creative director of McCann, said \"The aim of this campaign is to engage an audience that really doesn't want to hear any kind of safety message, and we think dumb ways to die will.\" McCann estimated that within two weeks, it had generated at least $50 million worth of global media value in addition to more than 700 media stories, for \"a fraction of the cost of one TV ad\". According to Metro Trains, the campaign contributed to a 20 per cent reduction in \"near-miss\" accidents compared to the annual average, or 30% with respect to the same time of the year before from 13.29 near-misses per million kilometres in November 2011 – January 2012, to 9.17 near-misses per million kilometres in November 2012 – January 2013. Animated video. The video was art directed by Patrick Baron, animated by Julian Frost and produced by Cinnamon Darvall.",
"It was uploaded to YouTube on 14 November 2012 and made public two days later. It featured characters known as \"Beans\", each bearing names such as \"Numpty,\" \"Hapless,\" \"Pillock,\" and \"Dippy\" (the first four beans in the video, listed in order of appearance) dying as a result of their own stupidity (doing such unwise things as setting their own hair on fire or provoking a grizzly bear); the final three beans shown in the video, named \"Stumble\", \"Bonehead\", and \"Putz\", all die as a result of unsafe behavior at train stations and/or railways, which are deemed \"the dumbest ways to die\". The animated video has two versions, one in English, and one in Spanish, titled \"Formas Tontas de Morir.\" Song. The song \"Dumb Ways to Die\" from the video was written by John Mescall and co created with Patrick Baron, music by Ollie McGill from the Cat Empire, who also produced it. It was performed by Emily Lubitz, the lead vocalist of Tinpan Orange, with McGill providing backing vocals. The band on the recording consists of Gavin Pearce on bass, Danny Farrugia on drums and Brett Wood on guitar. It was released on iTunes, attributed to the artist \"Tangerine Kitty\" (a reference to Tinpan Orange and The Cat Empire). The song, with a tempo of 128 beats per minute, is written in C major and a time signature of 4/4. Video games.",
"On 6 May 2013, Metro released a \"Dumb Ways to Die\" game as an app for iOS devices. The game, developed by Julian Frost, Patrick Baron and Samuel Baird, invites players to avoid the dangerous activities engaged in by the various characters featured throughout the campaign. Within the app, players can also pledge to \"not do dumb stuff around trains.\" The activities include things like getting toast out with a fork and poking a stick at a grizzly bear. An Android version was released in September 2014. The current highscore for the game is currently held by TikTok live streamer King \"imkingb\" Boss at 76,750 points. The game is similar to games in the \"WarioWare\" series. The game presents minigames based on the animated music video in rapid succession and becomes faster and more difficult the longer the game is played. A sequel titled \"Dumb Ways to Die 2: The Games\" was released on 18 November 2014. In the sequel, there are a lot more varieties of challenges in each particular building, and each building has a particular theme. Before a train arrives at a building, the player plays a challenge to counter something related to trains. If successful, bonus points can be earned at the end of the game. There are 8 challenges each in every building. Like the original game, the game's characters do plenty of dangerous and unsafe activities. Lives can be lost by \"dying\" in one of the activities. The player has three chances to prevent the characters from dying.",
"The game is recently also available as a web and mobile-web version by MarketJS, license holder of the HTML5 web IP. A second sequel titled \"Dumb Ways to Die 3: World Tour\" was released on 21 December 2017. Unlike the previous games which both involved the player playing minigames and trying to prevent the characters from dying, here the player collects coins from houses that are fixed up from being initially broken. The houses are fixed by the player playing a new minigame for each area containing those houses. A third sequel titled \"Dumb Ways to Die 4\" was released on Android and iOS on May 2, 2023. A spinoff was also released, titled \"Dumb Ways to Draw\" on 5 May 2019. In the game, the player has to draw lines with in-game pens to guide the characters to their goals. But they also have to prevent the characters' deaths by dangers. It also had a colouring section to colour and share drawings as well as a \"trace the picture\" section, in which the player is required to hold the screen until a line of sufficient length is drawn to trace the given diagram. The sequel titled \"Dumb Ways to Draw 2\" will be released in 2023. Another spinoff, titled \"Dumb Ways to Dash\" was released on 13 December 2019. The player has to guide their character in a 3D race against other characters to the finish line while avoiding the obstacles. A third spinoff, titled \"Dumb Ways to Die: Superheroes\" was released on 25 June 2020. It has similar gameplay to the previous spinoff. YouTube channel.",
"The Metro Trains has also published a number of other videos on its YouTube channel, \"Dumb Ways to Die\", including the trailers of the second game, a video centered on the MIFF, a series of Christmas-themed short videos, Halloween-themed videos, and some other videos centered on Train Safety. They have recently been uploading shorts of ingame characters dying in real life. Reception. Susie O'Brien in the \"Herald Sun\" in Melbourne criticised the ad for trivialising serious injuries and being about advertisers' ego rather than effective safety messages. Simon Crerar of the \"Herald Sun\" wrote that the song's \"catchy chorus was the most arresting hook since PSY's Gangnam Style.\" Alice Clarke writing in the \"Herald Sun\" described the video as \"adorably morbid\" and wrote that Victoria's public transport \"broke its long running streak of terrible ads\". Daisy Dumas of the \"Sydney Morning Herald\" described it as \"darkly cute—and irksomely catchy\" and the chorus as \"instant earworm material\". Michelle Starr of CNET described the campaign as the Darwin Awards meets \"The Gashlycrumb Tinies\" and the song as \"a cutesy indie-pop hit in the style of Feist\". Logan Booker of Gizmodo described it as \"taking a page out of the \"Happy Tree Friends\" book and mixing cute with horrifying\". Karen Stocks of YouTube Australia said the video was unusual due to the high number of views from mobile devices."
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "0b151daf-1483-49cd-820b-cfbd77e2dbff",
"doc_name": "Dumb Ways to Die",
"doc_chunk": "It was uploaded to YouTube on 14 November 2012 and made public two days later. It featured characters known as \"Beans\", each bearing names such as \"Numpty,\" \"Hapless,\" \"Pillock,\" and \"Dippy\" (the first four beans in the video, listed in order of appearance) dying as a result of their own stupidity (doing such unwise things as setting their own hair on fire or provoking a grizzly bear); the final three beans shown in the video, named \"Stumble\", \"Bonehead\", and \"Putz\", all die as a result of unsafe behavior at train stations and/or railways, which are deemed \"the dumbest ways to die\". The animated video has two versions, one in English, and one in Spanish, titled \"Formas Tontas de Morir.\" Song. The song \"Dumb Ways to Die\" from the video was written by John Mescall and co created with Patrick Baron, music by Ollie McGill from the Cat Empire, who also produced it. It was performed by Emily Lubitz, the lead vocalist of Tinpan Orange, with McGill providing backing vocals. The band on the recording consists of Gavin Pearce on bass, Danny Farrugia on drums and Brett Wood on guitar. It was released on iTunes, attributed to the artist \"Tangerine Kitty\" (a reference to Tinpan Orange and The Cat Empire). The song, with a tempo of 128 beats per minute, is written in C major and a time signature of 4/4. Video games.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 5d6612ac-b289-425e-aa8a-0ffe17e07417 | when is mating season for white tailed deer | Rut (mammalian reproduction) | [
"end of September, and can last all the way through the winter months"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=749435 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"5d6612ac-b289-425e-aa8a-0ffe17e07417",
"5d6612ac-b289-425e-aa8a-0ffe17e07417",
"5d6612ac-b289-425e-aa8a-0ffe17e07417",
"5d6612ac-b289-425e-aa8a-0ffe17e07417",
"5d6612ac-b289-425e-aa8a-0ffe17e07417"
],
"doc_name": [
"Rut (mammalian reproduction)",
"Rut (mammalian reproduction)",
"Rut (mammalian reproduction)",
"Rut (mammalian reproduction)",
"Rut (mammalian reproduction)"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Mating season of ruminant mammals\nThe rut (from the Latin \"rugire\", meaning \"to roar\") is the mating season of certain mammals, which includes ruminants such as deer, sheep, camels, goats, pronghorns, bison, giraffes and antelopes, and extends to others such as skunks and elephants. The rut is characterized in males by an increase in testosterone, exaggerated sexual dimorphisms, increased aggression, and increased interest in females. The males of the species may mark themselves with mud, undergo physiological changes or perform characteristic displays in order to make themselves more visually appealing to the females. Males also use olfaction to entice females to mate using secretions from glands and soaking in their own urine. Deer will also leave their own personal scent marking around by urinating down their own legs with the urine soaking the hair that covers their tarsal glands. Male deer do these most often during breeding season. During the rut (known as the \"rutting period\" and in domestic sheep management as \"tupping\"), males often rub their antlers or horns on trees or shrubs, fight with each other, wallow in mud or dust, self-anoint, and herd estrus females together. These displays make the male conspicuous and aid in mate selection. The rut in many species is triggered by shorter day lengths. For different species, the timing of the rut depends on the length of the gestation period (pregnancy), usually occurring so the young are born in the spring.",
"This is shortly after new green growth has appeared thereby providing food for the females, allowing them to provide milk for the young, and when the temperatures are warm enough to reduce the risk of young becoming hypothermic. Cervidae. White-tailed deer. The rut for white-tailed deer (\"Odocoileus virginianus\") usually lasts three weeks in the Northern Hemisphere and may occur most of the year in tropical zones. The rut is the time when white-tail deer, especially bucks, are more active and less cautious than usual. This makes them easier to hunt, as well as more susceptible to being hit by motor vehicles. Outdoors writer Charles Alsheimer has done research demonstrating the white-tailed deer rut is also controlled by the lunar phase and that the rut peaks seven days after the second full moon during October and November (the rutting moon), while elk begin rutting during the September equinox on 21 September. A white-tail doe may be in estrus for up to 72 hours and may come into estrus up to seven times if she does not mate. Cows may come into estrus up to four or more times if they do not mate. Some people believe that it is possible that does can enter a second estrus around 28 to 30 days from its first estrus if the doe isn't bred. There are also studies that show that some does actively participate in seeking out possible mates in areas where there are less males to increase the chances of finding males and being bred.",
"The rut can start as early as the end of September and can last all the way through the winter months. Bucks usually begin this process when the velvet is falling off their antlers, and it can last all the way until they start to shed their antlers. The peak of the rut, however, is right in the middle. The average peak day for the white-tail rut in the U.S. is November 13. Around this period of time, the bucks and does are very active, with the rut in full swing. For a hunter sitting in a tree stand at this time of the year, it is not uncommon to see many deer pass through his specific area, due to other deer chasing others. There are many behaviors a buck will exhibit during the rut. During pre-rut, bucks will spar with each other. Sparring is low-intensity aggressive behavior, involving mostly pushing and shoving. Bucks of different sizes will do this to each other. After pre-rut is finished, a buck will rub his antlers on a tree (thus making a \"rub\"), and make scrapes on the ground with his hooves: both of these are ways a buck will mark its territory and proclaim his dominance for other bucks to see. These activities are usually done at night. Bucks will make many different scent markings using different scent glands.",
"These scent glands include pedal glands found between the toes, preorbital glands found in the corners of their eyes, tarsal glands found on the lower inside of their hind legs, and the metatarsal glands found in the outside hind leg between ankle and hoof. The deer spread scent from these glands by rubbing hooves during ground scrapes, rubbing faces on tree limbs, and urinating down legs. The most prominent behavior of all during the heat of the rut is fighting, where bucks show their true dominance to others. In fighting, bucks usually battle against similar-sized deer, and small bucks do not normally challenge mature large ones: more often than not, smaller bucks fear the more mature bucks and leave or avoid the dominant deer's territory. These fights can be long in duration with the winner getting the group of does. Some fights result in injuries with some resulting in death. Studies show that males of all age-classes increased their search efforts for mates during rut. According to the source, \"One-year-old males seemed to invest less effort searching for females because movement rates (m/h) were 25–30% lower than in older males\". This data indicates that the youngest males don't try as hard as older males to find a mate. The energy expenditure of chasing and fighting during the breeding season can result in a buck losing an immense amount of weight, with some research documenting losses of as much as 20% of body weight with some sources showing body mass losses of up to 30%. On average, a buck before breeding season can weigh up to .",
"After he has gone through the stages of the rut, he can lose about of weight, which is quite large, especially for only a few months of time. In the post-rut, a buck will need to replenish his body and catch up on the weight and energy he has lost. Sources have stated that after the rut, a buck will go to a bedding spot and will remain \"motionless\" for a large amount of time, even to the extent of about two days, as he is thoroughly exhausted. After he has rested, he will get up and start to feed extensively, trying to catch up on all the nutrients his body requires. Croplands have much high carbohydrate grain in them, and a buck can be found here often, eating and getting nutrients. When the climate is extremely cold, a buck will sometimes resort to swamps and bogs, because of the warmer temperatures these areas hold. Elk (Wapiti). The timing of the elk rut depends on where they live. In the Northern Hemisphere, it occurs between mid-August and mid-October. In the Southern Hemisphere it occurs between mid-February and mid-April. The rut tends to last somewhere between 20 and 45 days. This varies on latitude, which affects the timing of spring and autumn and which can give elk a longer calving season and a longer rut. During the rut, elk frequently use areas around fresh water, and tend to bed in heavy timber five to six hours per day."
],
"support": [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "5d6612ac-b289-425e-aa8a-0ffe17e07417",
"doc_name": "Rut (mammalian reproduction)",
"doc_chunk": "The rut can start as early as the end of September and can last all the way through the winter months. Bucks usually begin this process when the velvet is falling off their antlers, and it can last all the way until they start to shed their antlers. The peak of the rut, however, is right in the middle. The average peak day for the white-tail rut in the U.S. is November 13. Around this period of time, the bucks and does are very active, with the rut in full swing. For a hunter sitting in a tree stand at this time of the year, it is not uncommon to see many deer pass through his specific area, due to other deer chasing others. There are many behaviors a buck will exhibit during the rut. During pre-rut, bucks will spar with each other. Sparring is low-intensity aggressive behavior, involving mostly pushing and shoving. Bucks of different sizes will do this to each other. After pre-rut is finished, a buck will rub his antlers on a tree (thus making a \"rub\"), and make scrapes on the ground with his hooves: both of these are ways a buck will mark its territory and proclaim his dominance for other bucks to see. These activities are usually done at night. Bucks will make many different scent markings using different scent glands.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 6bb6e54e-9217-4d12-920f-2a065bbd2bb1 | what kind of processor is in a ps4 | PlayStation 4 technical specifications | [
"a 16 nm FinFET process from TSMC"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39616242 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"6bb6e54e-9217-4d12-920f-2a065bbd2bb1",
"6bb6e54e-9217-4d12-920f-2a065bbd2bb1",
"6bb6e54e-9217-4d12-920f-2a065bbd2bb1",
"6bb6e54e-9217-4d12-920f-2a065bbd2bb1",
"6bb6e54e-9217-4d12-920f-2a065bbd2bb1"
],
"doc_name": [
"PlayStation 4 technical specifications",
"PlayStation 4 technical specifications",
"PlayStation 4 technical specifications",
"PlayStation 4 technical specifications",
"PlayStation 4 technical specifications"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Overview of the technical specifications of the PlayStation 4\nThe PlayStation 4 technical specifications describe the various hardware components of the PlayStation 4 home video game console group. Multiple versions of this console have been released since the initial launch of the PlayStation 4, including the PlayStation 4 Slim and the PlayStation 4 Pro. Subsequent versions include changes to the technical specifications of the console. Versions. The original released 420 GB HDD PS4s had manufacturer serial numbers of the form CUH-10\"XX\"A; a minor modification with a different form of Wi-Fi Microstrip antenna was registered in mid 2014 as part numbers CUH-11\"XX\"A. In 2015, the CUH-12 series as variants CUH-1215A and CUH-1215B (with 500 GB and 1 TB storage respectively) were certified in the US by the FCC. Differences between the CUH-11 and CUH-12 series included a reduction in rated power from 250 W to 230 W, a reduction in weight from 2.8 to 2.5 kg, and physical buttons. The CUH-12xx series are also referred to as the \"C chassis\" variant of the PS4. In late June 2015, a 1 TB CUH-11 series machine was announced for European/PAL markets. The CUH-1200 series was officially announced in June 2015, releasing first in Japan, then worldwide. Changes to the design included a matte black HDD cover replacing the original gloss black version.",
"Other minor changes to the design included mechanical buttons replacing electrostatic touch sensitive ones, and a shorter but brighter LED indicator on the top surface of the console. Internally the CUH-12 series included a number of minor changes, including the change to 8 memory modules of 1 GB (from a previous 16 modules of 512 MB). At a PlayStation official event in New York (USA) in September 2016 Sony officially announced a new redesigned PS4, the CUH-2000 series, (known colloquially as the \"PS4 slim\") for sale from 15 Sep at $299, €299, £259, or 29,980 Yen for the base 500 GB model. According to a Sony press release the new model (CUH-2000) was 16% lighter and used 28% less energy than the CUH-1200 series. A 1 TB model at 34,980 Yen was also announced. At the same event a more powerful variant, named the \"PS4 Pro\" was also announced, designed for 4K and HDR displays. Earlier PS4 models received HDR support with System Software 4.00. PlayStation 4 Pro. The upgraded PS4 Pro (originally codenamed 'Neo', product code CUH-7000) used a more powerful APU built with a 16 nm FinFET process from TSMC. While the number of logical processor cores (8) was unchanged, its CPU clock speed increased from 1.6 GHz to 2.13 GHz (a 33.1% improvement in CPU core clock rate), but with the underlying architecture unchanged.",
"The number of graphics Compute Units on the APU doubled to 36 Graphics Core Next (GCN) Compute Units (from 18), with a clock speed increase to 911 MHz (from 800 MHz), resulting in a theoretical single precision floating point performance metric of 4.19 TeraFLOPs. Compared to the original PS4 GPU, this is a 2.2775× or 127.75% increase in single precision FLOPs. Improvements in GPU 16-bit variable float calculations derived from the newer AMD Vega architecture result in the PS4 Pro having a theoretical half precision floating point performance of 8.39 TeraFLOPs. Overall unified system memory architecture was improved, with the addition of another 1 GB segment of DDR3 DRAM. The PS4 Pro could use this increase in memory to swap out non-gaming applications that run in the background, like Netflix and Spotify. As a side benefit to this, an additional 512 MB of GDDR5 was available for developers to use for games adding up to 5.5 GB, as opposed to the 5 GB available on base PS4 hardware. GDDR5 memory speed was increased from 5.5 Gbit/s (or 4× 1.375 GHz) to 6.8 Gbit/s (or 4× 1.7 GHz), increasing total memory bandwidth to 217.6 GB/s which correlates to a 23.8% improvement.",
"Some elements added to the design were derived from AMD's newer Polaris and newer architectures; such new features of the processor included a HEVC video codec supporting up to 4k resolution. Other specification changes included HDMI output being upgraded to HDMI 2.0b standard, with HDCP 2.2 compliance. Wireless networking includes 5 GHz band support using the IEEE 802.11ac standard, and Bluetooth support was upgraded to version 4.0; wired LAN is as the original PS4. The rated power of the original PS4 Pro is 310 W. The decision not to upgrade was predicated primarily on cost. A limited translucent-case version of the PS4 Pro was released in August 2018, which includes minor hardware updates. This new system, model number CUH-7100, besides offering a larger hard drive, used a quieter fan. It drew power more consistently than the CUH-7000, though it became slightly hotter than the launch system. A second minor hardware refresh, with model number CUH-7200, was first released in bundles with \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" in November 2018. The newer version, otherwise functionally equivalent to the CUH-7000, has a different power connector, and used a quieter fan, which, according to Digital Foundry, made a \"night and day\" difference in the noise level, similar to the improvements in the CUH-7100.",
"It drew power consistently at 170 W, whereas the 7000, while rated at 170 W, has brief spikes up to 177 W. However, the newer console fan ran slightly slower and became slightly hotter than the 7000 model to gain this improvement. The CUH-7000 model can achieve a similar noise level to CUH-7200 model when its CPU's thermal paste is replaced and its heatsink and fan are cleaned. When it is done carefully and correctly, The procedure has low to medium risk and takes between fifteen minutes and two hours depending on one's skill and familiarity with the console. Processors and memory. <templatestyles src=\"Template:Quote_box/styles.css\" />\n\"[We] have not built an APU quite like that for anyone else in the market. It is by far the most powerful APU we have built to date\". — John Taylor, AMD\nThe PlayStation 4 uses a semi-custom Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) developed by AMD in cooperation with Sony and is manufactured by TSMC on a 28 nm process node. Its APU is a single-chip that combines a central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU), as well as other components such as a memory controller and video decoder/encoder. The console also includes secondary custom chips that handle tasks associated with downloading, uploading, and social gameplay. These tasks can be handled seamlessly in the background during gameplay or while the system is in rest mode."
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "6bb6e54e-9217-4d12-920f-2a065bbd2bb1",
"doc_name": "PlayStation 4 technical specifications",
"doc_chunk": "Other minor changes to the design included mechanical buttons replacing electrostatic touch sensitive ones, and a shorter but brighter LED indicator on the top surface of the console. Internally the CUH-12 series included a number of minor changes, including the change to 8 memory modules of 1 GB (from a previous 16 modules of 512 MB). At a PlayStation official event in New York (USA) in September 2016 Sony officially announced a new redesigned PS4, the CUH-2000 series, (known colloquially as the \"PS4 slim\") for sale from 15 Sep at $299, €299, £259, or 29,980 Yen for the base 500 GB model. According to a Sony press release the new model (CUH-2000) was 16% lighter and used 28% less energy than the CUH-1200 series. A 1 TB model at 34,980 Yen was also announced. At the same event a more powerful variant, named the \"PS4 Pro\" was also announced, designed for 4K and HDR displays. Earlier PS4 models received HDR support with System Software 4.00. PlayStation 4 Pro. The upgraded PS4 Pro (originally codenamed 'Neo', product code CUH-7000) used a more powerful APU built with a 16 nm FinFET process from TSMC. While the number of logical processor cores (8) was unchanged, its CPU clock speed increased from 1.6 GHz to 2.13 GHz (a 33.1% improvement in CPU core clock rate), but with the underlying architecture unchanged.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | ec38696e-567a-4ec9-aa50-070459771d6e | where would phase contrast microscopy improve image quality | Phase-contrast microscopy | [
"cellular structures"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8008377 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"ec38696e-567a-4ec9-aa50-070459771d6e",
"ec38696e-567a-4ec9-aa50-070459771d6e",
"ec38696e-567a-4ec9-aa50-070459771d6e",
"ec38696e-567a-4ec9-aa50-070459771d6e",
"ec38696e-567a-4ec9-aa50-070459771d6e"
],
"doc_name": [
"Phase-contrast microscopy",
"Phase-contrast microscopy",
"Phase-contrast microscopy",
"Phase-contrast microscopy",
"Quantitative phase-contrast microscopy"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Optical microscopy technique\nPhase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image. Phase shifts themselves are invisible, but become visible when shown as brightness variations. When light waves travel through a medium other than a vacuum, interaction with the medium causes the wave amplitude and phase to change in a manner dependent on properties of the medium. Changes in amplitude (brightness) arise from the scattering and absorption of light, which is often wavelength-dependent and may give rise to colors. Photographic equipment and the human eye are only sensitive to amplitude variations. Without special arrangements, phase changes are therefore invisible. Yet, phase changes often convey important information. Phase-contrast microscopy is particularly important in biology. It reveals many cellular structures that are invisible with a bright-field microscope, as exemplified in the figure. These structures were made visible to earlier microscopists by staining, but this required additional preparation and death of the cells. The phase-contrast microscope made it possible for biologists to study living cells and how they proliferate through cell division. It is one of the few methods available to quantify cellular structure and components without using fluorescence. After its invention in the early 1930s, phase-contrast microscopy proved to be such an advancement in microscopy that its inventor Frits Zernike was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953. The woman who manufactured this microscope, Caroline Bleeker, often remains uncredited. Working principle.",
"The basic principle to make phase changes visible in phase-contrast microscopy is to separate the illuminating (background) light from the specimen-scattered light (which makes up the foreground details) and to manipulate these differently. The ring-shaped illuminating light (green) that passes the condenser annulus is focused on the specimen by the condenser. Some of the illuminating light is scattered by the specimen (yellow). The remaining light is unaffected by the specimen and forms the background light (red). When observing an unstained biological specimen, the scattered light is weak and typically phase-shifted by −90° (due to both the typical thickness of specimens and the refractive index difference between biological tissue and the surrounding medium) relative to the background light. This leads to the foreground (blue vector) and background (red vector) having nearly the same intensity, resulting in low image contrast. In a phase-contrast microscope, image contrast is increased in two ways: by generating constructive interference between scattered and background light rays in regions of the field of view that contain the specimen, and by reducing the amount of background light that reaches the image plane. First, the background light is phase-shifted by −90° by passing it through a phase-shift ring, which eliminates the phase difference between the background and the scattered light rays.",
"When the light is then focused on the image plane (where a camera or eyepiece is placed), this phase shift causes background and scattered light rays originating from regions of the field of view that contain the sample (i.e., the foreground) to constructively interfere, resulting in an increase in the brightness of these areas compared to regions that do not contain the sample. Finally, the background is dimmed ~70-90% by a gray filter ring; this method maximizes the amount of scattered light generated by the illumination light, while minimizing the amount of illumination light that reaches the image plane. Some of the scattered light that illuminates the entire surface of the filter will be phase-shifted and dimmed by the rings, but to a much lesser extent than the background light, which only illuminates the phase-shift and gray filter rings. The above describes \"negative phase contrast\". In its \"positive\" form, the background light is instead phase-shifted by +90°. The background light will thus be 180° out of phase relative to the scattered light. The scattered light will then be subtracted from the background light to form an image with a darker foreground and a lighter background, as shown in the first figure. Related methods. The success of the phase-contrast microscope has led to a number of subsequent phase-imaging methods. In 1952, Georges Nomarski patented what is today known as differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. It enhances contrast by creating artificial shadows, as if the object is illuminated from the side.",
"But DIC microscopy is unsuitable when the object or its container alter polarization. With the growing use of polarizing plastic containers in cell biology, DIC microscopy is increasingly replaced by Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy, invented by Robert Hoffman in 1975. Traditional phase-contrast methods enhance contrast optically, blending brightness and phase information in a single image. Since the introduction of the digital camera in the mid-1990s, several new digital phase-imaging methods have been developed, collectively known as quantitative phase-contrast microscopy. These methods digitally create two separate images, an ordinary bright-field image and a so-called \"phase-shift image\". In each image point, the phase-shift image displays the \"quantified\" phase shift induced by the object, which is proportional to the optical thickness of the object. In this way measurement of the associated optical field can remedy the halo artifacts associated with conventional phase contrast by solving an optical inverse problem to computationally reconstruct the scattering potential of the object. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Quantitative phase contrast microscopy or quantitative phase imaging are the collective names for a group of microscopy methods that quantify the phase shift that occurs when light waves pass through a more optically dense object. Translucent objects, like a living human cell, absorb and scatter small amounts of light. This makes translucent objects much easier to observe in ordinary light microscopes. Such objects do, however, induce a phase shift that can be observed using a phase contrast microscope. Conventional phase contrast microscopy and related methods, such as differential interference contrast microscopy, visualize phase shifts by transforming phase shift gradients into intensity variations. These intensity variations are mixed with other intensity variations, making it difficult to extract quantitative information. Quantitative phase contrast methods are distinguished from conventional phase contrast methods in that\nthey create a second so-called \"phase shift image\" or \"phase image\", independent of the intensity (bright field) image. Phase unwrapping methods are generally applied to the phase shift image to give absolute phase shift\nvalues in each pixel, as exemplified by Figure 1. The principal methods for measuring and visualizing phase shifts include ptychography and various types\nof holographic microscopy methods such as digital holographic microscopy,\nholographic interference microscopy and digital in-line holographic microscopy. Common to these methods is that an interference pattern (hologram) is recorded by a digital image sensor. From the recorded interference pattern, the intensity and the phase shift image is numerically created by a computer algorithm. Quantitative phase contrast microscopy is primarily used to observed unstained living cells."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "ec38696e-567a-4ec9-aa50-070459771d6e",
"doc_name": "Phase-contrast microscopy",
"doc_chunk": "Optical microscopy technique\nPhase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image. Phase shifts themselves are invisible, but become visible when shown as brightness variations. When light waves travel through a medium other than a vacuum, interaction with the medium causes the wave amplitude and phase to change in a manner dependent on properties of the medium. Changes in amplitude (brightness) arise from the scattering and absorption of light, which is often wavelength-dependent and may give rise to colors. Photographic equipment and the human eye are only sensitive to amplitude variations. Without special arrangements, phase changes are therefore invisible. Yet, phase changes often convey important information. Phase-contrast microscopy is particularly important in biology. It reveals many cellular structures that are invisible with a bright-field microscope, as exemplified in the figure. These structures were made visible to earlier microscopists by staining, but this required additional preparation and death of the cells. The phase-contrast microscope made it possible for biologists to study living cells and how they proliferate through cell division. It is one of the few methods available to quantify cellular structure and components without using fluorescence. After its invention in the early 1930s, phase-contrast microscopy proved to be such an advancement in microscopy that its inventor Frits Zernike was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953. The woman who manufactured this microscope, Caroline Bleeker, often remains uncredited. Working principle.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 0f596904-3f28-4bbf-a5dd-1dc681fc3565 | how many number 1 hits did van halen have | Van Halen discography | [
"thirteen"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11092911 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"0f596904-3f28-4bbf-a5dd-1dc681fc3565",
"0f596904-3f28-4bbf-a5dd-1dc681fc3565",
"0f596904-3f28-4bbf-a5dd-1dc681fc3565",
"0f596904-3f28-4bbf-a5dd-1dc681fc3565",
"0f596904-3f28-4bbf-a5dd-1dc681fc3565"
],
"doc_name": [
"Van Halen discography",
"Van Halen discography",
"Van Halen discography",
"Van Halen",
"Van Halen"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"List of recorded material released by the US rock band Van Halen\nVan Halen was an American hard rock band formed in Pasadena, California in 1972 by the Dutch-born American brothers Eddie Van Halen (guitar) and Alex Van Halen (drums), plus singer David Lee Roth and bassist Michael Anthony. The band's discography consists of 12 studio albums, two live albums, two compilation albums, and 56 singles. The band signed a contract with Warner Bros. Records in 1977, and in the following year released the album \"Van Halen\". Over the next few years, the band alternated album releases, one per year between 1979 and 1982, and touring to increasing commercial and critical acclaim, becoming one of the world's most successful and influential rock bands. In 1984, Van Halen released \"1984\", which peaked at No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and had the band's sole No. 1 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, \"Jump\". After the tour promoting that album, Roth left the band due to artistic and personal tensions with Eddie. To replace Roth, Eddie picked Sammy Hagar, formerly of Montrose and at that time a very successful solo artist. Van Halen's first album with Hagar, 1986's \"5150\", was the band's first No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The three studio albums that followed, \"OU812\", \"For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge\" and \"Balance\", also topped the charts. In 1996, Hagar left Van Halen amidst similar tension with the Van Halen brothers.",
"Roth rejoined briefly and recorded two songs with the band for the 1996 compilation \"Best Of – Volume I\", but Van Halen eventually settled on Gary Cherone, frontman of the then defunct Boston-based band Extreme. Cherone's sole release with the band was \"Van Halen III\", released in 1998 to mixed reviews and diminishing sales, being the only Van Halen studio album not to get a platinum RIAA certification. Van Halen's last release for Warner was the 2004 compilation \"Best of Both Worlds\", which featured three new songs with Hagar. In 2011, the band left the label and signed with Interscope Records. In February 2012, Van Halen released its twelfth and final studio album, \"A Different Kind of Truth\", featuring Roth on vocals and Eddie's son Wolfgang on bass guitar. The album debuted at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200, and became the band's highest-charting album on the UK Albums Chart with a sixth spot. As of 2007[ [update]], Van Halen has sold 75 million albums worldwide and have thirteen No. 1 hits on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart. During the 1980s, they, along with the band Heart, had more \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hits, fifteen, than any other hard rock or heavy metal band.",
"According to the RIAA, Van Halen is the 19th best-selling music group/artist of all time with sales of over 56 million albums in the US, and is one of five rock bands that have had two albums (\"Van Halen\" and \"1984\") sell more than ten million copies in the US. Albums. Studio albums. <templatestyles src=\"Legend/styles.css\" /> David Lee Roth era\n<templatestyles src=\"Legend/styles.css\" /> Sammy Hagar era\n<templatestyles src=\"Legend/styles.css\" /> Gary Cherone era\nSingles. Notes\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"American rock band (1973–2020)\nVan Halen ( ) was an American rock band formed in Pasadena, California, in 1973. Credited with restoring hard rock to the forefront of the music scene, Van Halen was known for their energetic live performances and for the virtuosity of its guitarist, Eddie Van Halen. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007. From 1974 to 1985, Van Halen consisted of Eddie Van Halen, his brother Alex Van Halen on drums, David Lee Roth on lead vocals, and Michael Anthony on bass guitar. Upon its release in 1978, the band's self-titled debut album reached No. 19 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and would sell over 10 million copies in the United States, achieving a Diamond certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). By 1982, the band released four more albums: \"Van Halen II\" (1979), \"Women and Children First\" (1980), \"Fair Warning\" (1981), and \"Diver Down\" (1982), all of which have since been certified multi-platinum. By the early 1980s, Van Halen was among the most commercially successful rock acts. The album \"1984\", released in the eponymous year, was a commercial success with U.S. sales of 10 million copies and four successful singles. Its lead single, \"Jump\", was the band's only number one single on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In 1985, Roth left the band to embark on a solo career and was replaced by former Montrose lead vocalist Sammy Hagar.",
"With Hagar, the group released four U.S. number-one, multi-platinum albums over the course of 11 years: \"5150\" in 1986, \"OU812\" in 1988, \"For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge\" in 1991, and \"Balance\" in 1995. The group also released a double-platinum live album, \"\", in 1993. Hagar left the band in 1996 shortly before the release of the band's first greatest hits collection, \"Best Of – Volume I\". Former Extreme frontman Gary Cherone replaced Hagar and recorded the commercially unsuccessful album \"Van Halen III\" with the band in 1998, before parting ways in 1999. Van Halen then went on hiatus until reuniting with Hagar in 2003 for a worldwide tour in 2004 and the double-disc greatest hits collection, \"The Best of Both Worlds\". Hagar again left Van Halen in 2005. Roth returned in 2006, but Anthony was replaced on bass guitar by Eddie's son, Wolfgang Van Halen. In 2012, the band released their final studio album, \"A Different Kind of Truth\", which was commercially and critically successful. It was also Van Halen's first album with Roth in 28 years and the only one to feature Wolfgang. Eddie was diagnosed with cancer in 2001, and died of the disease on October 6, 2020. A month after his father's death, Wolfgang confirmed that Van Halen had disbanded."
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "0f596904-3f28-4bbf-a5dd-1dc681fc3565",
"doc_name": "Van Halen discography",
"doc_chunk": "Roth rejoined briefly and recorded two songs with the band for the 1996 compilation \"Best Of – Volume I\", but Van Halen eventually settled on Gary Cherone, frontman of the then defunct Boston-based band Extreme. Cherone's sole release with the band was \"Van Halen III\", released in 1998 to mixed reviews and diminishing sales, being the only Van Halen studio album not to get a platinum RIAA certification. Van Halen's last release for Warner was the 2004 compilation \"Best of Both Worlds\", which featured three new songs with Hagar. In 2011, the band left the label and signed with Interscope Records. In February 2012, Van Halen released its twelfth and final studio album, \"A Different Kind of Truth\", featuring Roth on vocals and Eddie's son Wolfgang on bass guitar. The album debuted at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200, and became the band's highest-charting album on the UK Albums Chart with a sixth spot. As of 2007[ [update]], Van Halen has sold 75 million albums worldwide and have thirteen No. 1 hits on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart. During the 1980s, they, along with the band Heart, had more \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hits, fifteen, than any other hard rock or heavy metal band.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 375fdfd4-d553-4fa3-b9b5-55607133ef74 | what does it mean when you flood your engine | Flooded engine | [
"fed an excessively rich air-fuel mixture"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3621246 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"375fdfd4-d553-4fa3-b9b5-55607133ef74",
"375fdfd4-d553-4fa3-b9b5-55607133ef74",
"375fdfd4-d553-4fa3-b9b5-55607133ef74",
"375fdfd4-d553-4fa3-b9b5-55607133ef74",
"375fdfd4-d553-4fa3-b9b5-55607133ef74"
],
"doc_name": [
"Flooded engine",
"Flooded engine",
"Flooded engine",
"Flooded Belfry",
"Flooded gum"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"A flooded engine is an internal combustion engine that has been fed an excessively rich air-fuel mixture that cannot be ignited. This is caused by the mixture exceeding the upper explosive limit for the particular fuel. An engine in this condition will not start until the excessively rich mixture has been cleared. It is also possible for an engine to stall from a running state due to this condition. Engine flooding was a common problem with carbureted cars, but newer fuel-injected ones are immune to the problem when operating within normal tolerances. Flooding usually occurs during starting, especially under cold conditions or because the accelerator has been pumped. It can also occur during hot starting; high temperatures may cause fuel in the carburetor float chamber to evaporate into the inlet manifold, causing the air/fuel mixture to exceed the upper explosive limit. High temperature fuel may also result in a vapor lock, which is unrelated to flooding but has a similar symptom. Flooding can also occur if the choke has been over applied or has malfunctioned. A severe form of engine flooding occurs when excessive liquid fuel enters the combustion chamber. This reduces the dead volume of the combustion chamber and thus places a heavy load on the starter motor, such that it fails to turn the engine. Damage (due to excessive compression and even dilution of the lubricating oil with fuel) can also occur. This condition is known as the engine \"flooding out.\"",
"Possible causes of too much liquid fuel in the engine include a defective carburetor float that is not closing the fuel inlet needle valve, or debris caught in the needle valve preventing it from sealing. Liquids inside an internal combustion engine are extremely detrimental because of the low compressibility of liquids. Although not the most common cause, a severely flooded engine could result in a hydrolock. A hydrolock occurs when a liquid fills a combustion chamber to the point that it is impossible to turn the crankshaft without a catastrophic failure of the engine or one of its vital components. The conventional remedy for a flooded carbureted engine is to steadily hold the throttle full open (full power position) while continuing to crank the engine. This permits the maximum flow of air through the engine, flushing the overly rich fuel mixture out of the exhaust. If the exhaust system is hot enough to autoignite, an after-fire may result; this can be seen as a flame discharging through the exhaust system. On a fuel-injected engine, ignoring the throttle (no fuel) while starting permits electronic logic systems to produce the correct fuel mixture, often based on exhaust gases. Some fuel injection computers interpret \"pumping\" the throttle to indicate a flooded engine, and alter the fuel-air mixture accordingly. In a carbureted engine equipped with an accelerator pump (which advances fuel flow to match air ingestion under rapid throttle acceleration), \"pumping\" the throttle will force excess fuel into the engine, further flooding it.",
"In worst cases, the excess fuel can foul spark plugs, sometimes necessitating their cleaning or replacement before the engine will start. This is most likely to occur on a carbureted engine in cold weather, after a running engine has been shut off briefly before being restarted. Doing so can cause the choke valve to configure the mixture for a cold engine start, despite higher actual temperatures, resulting in an overly rich mixture and flooded engine. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"The Kalyazin Bell Tower (, \"Kalyazinskaya kolokol'nya\") is a Neoclassical campanile rising to a height of over the waters of the Uglich Reservoir on the Volga River opposite the old town of Kalyazin, in Tver Oblast, central Russia. History. The steepled belfry was built in 1796—1800 as part of the Monastery of St. Nicholas, with a pentacupolar katholikon dating from 1694. Of its 12 bells, the largest weighed some 1038 poods (17,000kg). It was cast in 1895 to commemorate the coronation of Nicholas II of Russia. When Joseph Stalin ordered the construction of the Uglich Dam in 1939 to form the Uglich Reservoir, the old parts of Kalyazin, including several medieval structures, were submerged under the reservoir's waters. This included the Saint Nicholas Monastery and Troitsky Makariev Monastery. The katholikon was dismantled, while the campanile was left, a landmark towering above the water. Present day. The campanile became the main destination of tourist interest in eastern Tver Oblast. The structure's islet was shored up underneath, and has a small pier for boats. Orthodox Christians hold a Divine Service in the belfry several times a year. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Flooded gum may refer to the following tree species:\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Index of plants with the same common nameThis page is an index of articles on plant species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same common name (vernacular name)."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "375fdfd4-d553-4fa3-b9b5-55607133ef74",
"doc_name": "Flooded engine",
"doc_chunk": "A flooded engine is an internal combustion engine that has been fed an excessively rich air-fuel mixture that cannot be ignited. This is caused by the mixture exceeding the upper explosive limit for the particular fuel. An engine in this condition will not start until the excessively rich mixture has been cleared. It is also possible for an engine to stall from a running state due to this condition. Engine flooding was a common problem with carbureted cars, but newer fuel-injected ones are immune to the problem when operating within normal tolerances. Flooding usually occurs during starting, especially under cold conditions or because the accelerator has been pumped. It can also occur during hot starting; high temperatures may cause fuel in the carburetor float chamber to evaporate into the inlet manifold, causing the air/fuel mixture to exceed the upper explosive limit. High temperature fuel may also result in a vapor lock, which is unrelated to flooding but has a similar symptom. Flooding can also occur if the choke has been over applied or has malfunctioned. A severe form of engine flooding occurs when excessive liquid fuel enters the combustion chamber. This reduces the dead volume of the combustion chamber and thus places a heavy load on the starter motor, such that it fails to turn the engine. Damage (due to excessive compression and even dilution of the lubricating oil with fuel) can also occur. This condition is known as the engine \"flooding out.\"",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 3924c9fc-fd86-4711-80f0-711b4b225c60 | the washing or irrigating of the sinuses of patients who are failing to respond to treatment | Antral lavage | [
"Antral lavage"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47551037 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"3924c9fc-fd86-4711-80f0-711b4b225c60",
"3924c9fc-fd86-4711-80f0-711b4b225c60",
"3924c9fc-fd86-4711-80f0-711b4b225c60",
"3924c9fc-fd86-4711-80f0-711b4b225c60",
"3924c9fc-fd86-4711-80f0-711b4b225c60"
],
"doc_name": [
"Antral lavage",
"Antral lavage",
"Antral follicle",
"Antral follicle",
"Antral follicle"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Surgical procedure\nAntral lavage is a surgical procedure in which a cannula is inserted into the maxillary sinus via the inferior meatus to allow irrigation and drainage of the sinus. It is also called proof puncture, as the presence of an infection can be proven during the procedure. Upon presence of infection, it can be considered as therapeutic puncture. Often, multiple repeated lavages are subsequently required to allow for full washout of infection. In contemporary practice, endoscopic sinus surgery has largely replaced antral lavage and as such, it is rarely performed. Medical uses. It can be used as therapeutic procedure for:\nIt can be also used as diagnostic procedure for:\nContraindications. Age: Below the age of 3 years, as the size of the sinus is small due to underdeveloped Maxillary Sinus. Bleeding disorders: May lead to epistaxis. Fracture of maxilla: Antral Lavage may result in escape of the fluid through fracture lines. Febrile stage of acute maxillary sinusitis: May cause osteomyelitis of Maxilla. Procedure is contraindicated in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Acute maxillary sinusitis not resolving on medical treatment. Instruments. The following instruments are used in the procedure:\nDifficulties. The following difficulties may arise during antral lavage:\nRepetition. If the returning fluid is purulent, one repeats the puncture after a week.",
"If more than three successive puncture shows returning fluid to be persistently purulent, the patient may require functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and occasionally may need Caldwell-Luc operation. As antral Washout is a much simpler procedure compared to FESS, it may be done on an outpatient basis for Subacute Maxillary Sinusitis. However, FESS remains gold standard in treatment of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis. 1) Discovery of the location of the Maxillary Sinus with greater accuracy. 2) A general improvement in safety of the procedure. 3) The ability to obtain cultures at the time of lavage, when clinically warranted or indicated by CT-scan evidence. 4) Avoiding the need for exposure to radiation, as fluorescence is used in its stead. 5) Lack of interference in anatomy. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Part of an ovary\nAn antral or secondary follicle, also known as Graafian follicle and tertiary follicle, is an ovarian follicle during a certain latter stage of folliculogenesis. Definitions differ in where the shift into an antral follicle occurs in the staging of folliculogenesis, with some stating that it occurs when entering the \"secondary\" stage, and others stating that it occurs when entering the \"tertiary\" stage. Appearance. The antral follicle is marked by the formation of a fluid-filled cavity adjacent to the oocyte called the antrum. The basic structure of the mature follicle has formed and no novel cells are detectable. Granulosa and theca cells continue to undergo mitosis concomitant with an increase in antrum volume. The Graaf follicle reaches its maximum diameter (20–22 mm) during ovulation. Antral follicles can attain a tremendous size that is hampered only by the availability of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), on which it is dependent in this stage of folliculogenesis.",
"By command of an oocyte-secreted morphogenic gradient, the antral follicle's granulosa cells begin to differentiate themselves into four distinct subtypes: \"corona radiata\" that surrounds the zona pellucida, \"membrana\" that is interior to the basal lamina, \"periantral\" that is adjacent to the antrum, and \"cumulus oophorus\" that connects the membrana and corona radiata granulosa cells together. Each type of cell behaves differently in response to FSH. Endocrine properties. Theca cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH). LH kicks off the production of androgens by the theca cells, most notably androstenedione, which are aromatized by granulosa cells to produce estrogens, primarily estradiol. Consequently, estrogen levels begin to rise. Antral follicle count. The \"antral follicle count\" (AFC) is the number of antral follicles, generally in both ovaries taken together if not specified otherwise. It can be determined by transvaginal ultrasonography. A low AFC is a major factor in the diagnosis of poor ovarian reserve, that is, low fertility characterized by low numbers of remaining oocytes in the ovaries, usually accompanied by high follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.",
"Several studies show that an AFC test is more accurate than basal FSH testing for older women (< 44 years of age) in predicting IVF outcome. However, it does not appear to add any predictive information about success rates of an already established pregnancy after IVF. It is also a major determinant of the success of ovarian hyperstimulation. There are three categories when performing an ultrasound to cheek the antral follicle count:\nIt has been suggested that counting the antral follicles measuring 2–5 or 4–6 mm in diameter is preferable. On the other hand, the number of smaller antral follicles (2–5 mm) is highly correlated with the total number of antral follicles (2–10 mm), and therefore it is suggested that counting all identifiable antral follicles of 2–10 mm in diameter would provide the most practical method for assessment of AFC in clinical practice. Three-dimensional (3D) automated follicular tracking is a developing technique that can substantially decrease both\nintra- and inter-observer variability in estimating the AFC. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "3924c9fc-fd86-4711-80f0-711b4b225c60",
"doc_name": "Antral lavage",
"doc_chunk": "Surgical procedure\nAntral lavage is a surgical procedure in which a cannula is inserted into the maxillary sinus via the inferior meatus to allow irrigation and drainage of the sinus. It is also called proof puncture, as the presence of an infection can be proven during the procedure. Upon presence of infection, it can be considered as therapeutic puncture. Often, multiple repeated lavages are subsequently required to allow for full washout of infection. In contemporary practice, endoscopic sinus surgery has largely replaced antral lavage and as such, it is rarely performed. Medical uses. It can be used as therapeutic procedure for:\nIt can be also used as diagnostic procedure for:\nContraindications. Age: Below the age of 3 years, as the size of the sinus is small due to underdeveloped Maxillary Sinus. Bleeding disorders: May lead to epistaxis. Fracture of maxilla: Antral Lavage may result in escape of the fluid through fracture lines. Febrile stage of acute maxillary sinusitis: May cause osteomyelitis of Maxilla. Procedure is contraindicated in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Acute maxillary sinusitis not resolving on medical treatment. Instruments. The following instruments are used in the procedure:\nDifficulties. The following difficulties may arise during antral lavage:\nRepetition. If the returning fluid is purulent, one repeats the puncture after a week.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | ad3f6cb6-016b-46ff-8834-8f8b2aad8fef | when did the international house of prayer start | International House of Prayer | [
"May 7, 1999"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16269583 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"ad3f6cb6-016b-46ff-8834-8f8b2aad8fef",
"ad3f6cb6-016b-46ff-8834-8f8b2aad8fef",
"ad3f6cb6-016b-46ff-8834-8f8b2aad8fef",
"ad3f6cb6-016b-46ff-8834-8f8b2aad8fef",
"ad3f6cb6-016b-46ff-8834-8f8b2aad8fef"
],
"doc_name": [
"International House of Prayer",
"International House of Prayer",
"International House of Prayer",
"International House of Prayer",
"International House of Prayer"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"The International House of Prayer, Kansas City (IHOPKC), is a Charismatic evangelical Christian movement and missions organization, based in Kansas City, Missouri, and the nearby suburb of Grandview, that focuses on the inerrancy of scripture, and biblical prayer with worship. It is best known for the Global Prayer Room, which has run continuously with live worship teams since September 19, 1999, and simultaneously broadcasts via its website and YouTube channel. Doctrinally, IHOPKC is evangelical and Charismatic, and affirms historic premillennialism. IHOPKC places great importance on the practices of Bible study, prayer, worship, fasting, and works of justice. Overview. History. The International House of Prayer of Kansas City (IHOPKC) was founded by Mike Bickle on May 7, 1999. The organization began in a small building off Grandview Road in Kansas City, Missouri, as a prayer room dedicated to worshiping Jesus night and day. Since that time, IHOPKC has grown and spread into several different locations throughout south Kansas City and Grandview, Missouri. As of 2010[ [update]], the church had over 1,000 staff and a student body of another 1,000 individuals. On September 14, 2010, the International House of Pancakes announced that it was suing the International House of Prayer for trademark dilution and infringement. The lawsuit was dropped on December 21, 2010, with the dispute resolved out of court, and the International House of Prayer began abbreviating itself as IHOPKC. Prayer Format.",
"IHOPKC is best known for its prayer meetings, based on its \"harp and bowl\" worship model, which have been held 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, since September 19, 1999. These meetings, streamed live on the internet and through GOD TV, alternate regularly between music and prayer in two-hour sets through all hours of the day and night. The 24/7 meetings are held at IHOPKC's Global Prayer Room in Grandview. Teaching. IHOPKC staff regularly teach on themes that include prayer, worship, the Great Commandment, the Great Commission, eschatology, and understanding God's spiritual purposes for Israel, along with spiritual gifts, nazirite consecration, and various other Charismatic themes. Related organizations. IHOPKC has provided advice and financial support to the anti-trafficking organization Exodus Cry, listing it as a \"related tax-exempt organization\" on their 2018 tax filings. International House of Prayer University. The International House of Prayer University is an unaccredited Bible college with a campus at Grandview, Missouri. As of 2010, there were 1,000 full-time students enrolled. The educational process centers on prayer. In 2010 the school invested $6 million to renovate part of a strip mall in Grandview for use as a new campus. Controversies. Ernie Gruen controversy.",
"In early 1990, 9 years before he founded IHOPKC, Mike Bickle – along with the church he then pastored, Kansas City Fellowship – was highly criticized by Kansas City pastor Ernie Gruen in sermons and a well-circulated 130-page document titled \"Documentation of the Aberrant Practices and Teachings of Kansas City Fellowship\". In the sermons and document, Gruen criticized Bickle's teachings on eschatology and documented alleged cases of manipulative uses of prophecy at the Kansas City Fellowship. In 1993 Gruen and Bickle released a joint statement declaring that the conflict was resolved. Trademark infringement. The International House of Prayer was one of the seven defendants named in a lawsuit filed in September 2010 by IHOP, the Glendale, California-based restaurant chain, alleging trademark dilution and infringement. The restaurant dropped the lawsuit in December 2010, with the dispute settled out of court, and the International House of Prayer began styling itself as IHOPKC. Death of Bethany Deaton. On October 30, 2012, former IHOPKC intern Bethany Leidlein Deaton was found dead in an apparent suicide. Days later, IHOPU student Micah Moore came forward to Grandview police, and was subsequently charged with Deaton's murder. In statements to police, Moore stated that he was part of a religious group with Bethany and her husband, Tyler Deaton. Moore also stated, while in custody, that Tyler Deaton had used his apparent influence over the group to initiate homosexual experiences with several male members of their social–religious circle, primarily with Moore himself.",
"He explained that he and Deaton were involved in a sexual relationship, but justified it under “religious experiences”. It was allegedly through the coercion of this relationship that Moore claimed that group leader (and IHOPU graduate) Deaton ordered his wife's murder, to prevent her from telling her therapist about sexual assaults from other men (Tyler excluded) within the group. While IHOPKC materials and website listed Tyler Deaton as a division coordinator for IHOPKC friendship groups until five days after Bethany's death, IHOPKC officials said that Tyler's group was not connected to IHOPKC or known about by IHOPKC leadership. Melanie Morgan, one of Moore's lawyers, said in early December 2012: \"The facts suggest Bethany Deaton’s death was an unfortunate suicide and Micah Moore had nothing to do with that suicide.\" On October 31, 2014, the Jackson County, Missouri, prosecutor dismissed murder charges against Moore. \"God Loves Uganda\" documentary. The 2013 documentary film \"God Loves Uganda\" suggests that North American evangelicals in general, and IHOPKC specifically, were responsible for Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Bill. Mike Bickle controversy. On October 28, 2023, news broke that IHOPKC head pastor Mike Bickle faced allegations of sexual abuse from several women over a span of decades. The next day, the International House of Prayer announced that Bickle had been placed on sabbatical from all public ministry, pending investigation. IHOPKC subsequently contracted with Stinson LLP to conduct the investigation.",
"Following a viral petition for IHOPKC to choose GRACE to lead the investigation, the church broke its contract with Stinson LLP and chose a local Kansas City law firm to lead the investigation. On December 10, 2023, IHOPKC announced that it had hired a new third-party firm that it said would be independent and impartial in its investigation of claims against Bickle. IHOPKC also announced that it had hired Eric Volz, managing director of The David House Agency, to be its official spokesperson. Volz had made international headlines as a result of his wrongful imprisonment in 2006. On December 22, 2023, IHOPKC announced that the internal investigation confirmed that Bickle had engaged in \"inappropriate behavior\" of a nature that required IHOPKC to \"immediately, formally, and permanently\" sever ties with him. On February 7, 2024, \"The Kansas City Star\" published a firsthand account of Mike Bickle's grooming and sexual abuse of Tammy Woods in the 1980s beginning when Woods was 14 years of age and Bickle was in his mid-20s. The article details Woods' experiences, reason for not reporting until 2024, corroborating testimony from Woods' family and a close friend, and Bickle's attempt to communicate with Woods after the initial allegations were made known in 2023. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "ad3f6cb6-016b-46ff-8834-8f8b2aad8fef",
"doc_name": "International House of Prayer",
"doc_chunk": "The International House of Prayer, Kansas City (IHOPKC), is a Charismatic evangelical Christian movement and missions organization, based in Kansas City, Missouri, and the nearby suburb of Grandview, that focuses on the inerrancy of scripture, and biblical prayer with worship. It is best known for the Global Prayer Room, which has run continuously with live worship teams since September 19, 1999, and simultaneously broadcasts via its website and YouTube channel. Doctrinally, IHOPKC is evangelical and Charismatic, and affirms historic premillennialism. IHOPKC places great importance on the practices of Bible study, prayer, worship, fasting, and works of justice. Overview. History. The International House of Prayer of Kansas City (IHOPKC) was founded by Mike Bickle on May 7, 1999. The organization began in a small building off Grandview Road in Kansas City, Missouri, as a prayer room dedicated to worshiping Jesus night and day. Since that time, IHOPKC has grown and spread into several different locations throughout south Kansas City and Grandview, Missouri. As of 2010[ [update]], the church had over 1,000 staff and a student body of another 1,000 individuals. On September 14, 2010, the International House of Pancakes announced that it was suing the International House of Prayer for trademark dilution and infringement. The lawsuit was dropped on December 21, 2010, with the dispute resolved out of court, and the International House of Prayer began abbreviating itself as IHOPKC. Prayer Format.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 9f29528d-83fb-4f49-9c64-e0103730c9ac | what is a echogenic focus on an ultrasound | Echogenic intracardiac focus | [
"a small bright spot seen in the baby’s heart",
"mineralization, or small deposits of calcium, in the muscle of the heart"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2601147 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"9f29528d-83fb-4f49-9c64-e0103730c9ac",
"9f29528d-83fb-4f49-9c64-e0103730c9ac",
"9f29528d-83fb-4f49-9c64-e0103730c9ac",
"9f29528d-83fb-4f49-9c64-e0103730c9ac",
"9f29528d-83fb-4f49-9c64-e0103730c9ac"
],
"doc_name": [
"Echogenic intracardiac focus",
"Echogenic intracardiac focus",
"Echogenic intracardiac focus",
"Intracardiac injection",
"Intracardiac injection"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Bright spot seen on ultrasound imaging\nEchogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) is a small bright spot seen in the baby's heart on an ultrasound exam. This is thought to represent mineralization, or small deposits of calcium, in the muscle of the heart. EIFs are found in about 3–5% of normal pregnancies and cause no health problems. EIFs themselves have no impact on health or heart function. Often the EIF is gone by the third trimester. If there are no problems or chromosome abnormalities, EIFs are considered normal changes, or variants. Association with birth defects. Researchers have noted an association between an EIF and a chromosome problem in the baby. Types of chromosome problems that are occasionally seen include trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) or trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). In the case of an isolated EIF, and no other ultrasound findings, some studies show that the risk for a chromosome abnormality is approximately two times a woman's background risk. Other studies report up to a 1% risk for Down syndrome when an EIF is seen on a second trimester fetal ultrasound exam. A clue to chromosome problems. An EIF is one clue which can contribute to the chances of a chromosome problem existing. Generally the risks are low if there are no other risk factors. Many babies with chromosome problems do not show any signs on ultrasound. Other factors are discussed in counseling include:\nOptions.",
"The best available evidence suggests that an isolated echogenic intracardiac focus in the fetus of an otherwise low risk woman does not confer an increased risk of fetal aneuploidy. Although some studies have reported that the number or location of echogenic foci affects the risk of fetal aneuploidy (higher risk with biventricular or right ventricular involvement), the general consensus is that these factors have not been proven to matter. When an echogenic intracardiac focus is identified in an otherwise normal second trimester fetus, a normal cell-free DNA test can be very reassuring and obviate the need for invasive testing. Amniocentesis is a test to check a baby's chromosomes. A small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains some fetal cells, is removed and tested. Amniocentesis is very accurate; however, there is a risk of miscarriage which occur in 0.5–1% of women who have amniocentesis. Results take about two weeks. A normal amniocentesis result means the EIF is not significant and there would be no other concerns about it. That is usually done between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy (during the second trimester). Summary. An EIF in the fetal heart may indicate an increased chance of the baby having a chromosome problem. It does not affect the development of the baby or the function of the heart. If the baby has normal chromosomes, there would be no associated problems to be concerned about. No special treatment or tests are needed at delivery.",
"It is important to remember that with an isolated EIF, chances are strongly in favor of a normal pregnancy outcome, but the patient is entitled to further counseling and testing options. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Method of drug administration to the heart\nIntracardiac injections are injections that are given directly into the heart muscles or ventricles. They can be used in emergencies, although they are rarely used in modern practice. History. The practice of intracardiac injection originated in the 1800s. It was commonly performed during the 1960s, as it was considered the fastest way to get medication to the heart. The practice began declining during the 1970s as more reliable delivery methods (i.e., intravenous, endotracheal, and intraosseous) came into use. Around that time, studies revealed that intravenous injections were equally effective and were less prone to risks and complications. Procedure. Intracardiac injections of drugs were generally used only to provide emergency drugs to a patient if other approaches would be ineffective; for example if drugs could not be administered intravenously due to individual circumstances. The procedure is performed by inserting a long spinal needle into the ventricular chamber. The needle is inserted in the fourth intercostal space between the ribs. Today it is considered obsolete, and other routes to give drugs are preferred (such as intraosseously). Complications. The two primary complications are injury to the coronary artery and hemorrhage within the pericardium. In a pericardial hemorrhage, the external sac covering the heart -- called the pericardium -- fills with blood. This causes external pressure on the heart, which prevents it from pumping properly. The probability of complications can be reduced by using a narrow gauge of needle.",
"Use of intracardiac injections requires the cessation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and may be more time-consuming than other delivery methods. Society and culture. In the movie \"Pulp Fiction\", an intracardiac injection of epinephrine is used to treat a heroin overdose (far from the normal medical treatment for this condition, which would be an intravenous or intramuscular injection of naloxone). In the movie \"The Rock\", a character self-administers intracardiac atropine to counter the effects of VX nerve gas after exposure. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "9f29528d-83fb-4f49-9c64-e0103730c9ac",
"doc_name": "Echogenic intracardiac focus",
"doc_chunk": "Bright spot seen on ultrasound imaging\nEchogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) is a small bright spot seen in the baby's heart on an ultrasound exam. This is thought to represent mineralization, or small deposits of calcium, in the muscle of the heart. EIFs are found in about 3–5% of normal pregnancies and cause no health problems. EIFs themselves have no impact on health or heart function. Often the EIF is gone by the third trimester. If there are no problems or chromosome abnormalities, EIFs are considered normal changes, or variants. Association with birth defects. Researchers have noted an association between an EIF and a chromosome problem in the baby. Types of chromosome problems that are occasionally seen include trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) or trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). In the case of an isolated EIF, and no other ultrasound findings, some studies show that the risk for a chromosome abnormality is approximately two times a woman's background risk. Other studies report up to a 1% risk for Down syndrome when an EIF is seen on a second trimester fetal ultrasound exam. A clue to chromosome problems. An EIF is one clue which can contribute to the chances of a chromosome problem existing. Generally the risks are low if there are no other risk factors. Many babies with chromosome problems do not show any signs on ultrasound. Other factors are discussed in counseling include:\nOptions.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 16dc6e6e-1f77-498c-b6ca-bd8d9ffef4e7 | who sang hold on to what you got | Hold What You've Got | [
"Joe Tex"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24343843 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"16dc6e6e-1f77-498c-b6ca-bd8d9ffef4e7",
"16dc6e6e-1f77-498c-b6ca-bd8d9ffef4e7",
"16dc6e6e-1f77-498c-b6ca-bd8d9ffef4e7",
"16dc6e6e-1f77-498c-b6ca-bd8d9ffef4e7",
"16dc6e6e-1f77-498c-b6ca-bd8d9ffef4e7"
],
"doc_name": [
"Hold What You've Got",
"You've Got What Gets Me",
"All You've Got",
"All You've Got",
"You've Got Mail"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"\"Hold What You've Got\" is a 1964 single by Joe Tex. The single was his second chart release and first to reach the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Hold What You've Got\" went to number one on the \"Cash Box\" R&B chart, and reached number five in 1965, on the pop chart. Background. The song is noted for the two spoken recitations, between the refrains of the song, telling, first the men, and then the women to keep on supporting their loved ones and not take them for granted. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"\"You've Got What Gets Me\" is a song composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics by Ira Gershwin, written for the 1932 film \"Girl Crazy\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"All You've Got is a 2006 sport/drama film directed by Neema Barnette and starring stars Ciara Harris and Adrienne Bailon. The film debuted on MTV. Synopsis. A rivalry between two volleyball teams (the Phantoms and the Madonnas) causes a big catastrophe when the two teams collide. Gabby Espinoza (Adrienne Bailon) is captain of the Cathedral High Phantoms volleyball team. Her mother died when she was little, and recently, a fire claimed the life of her firefighter father. Coincidentally, the fire was in the Madonna's school (the Phantoms' rival). Having to go to different schools and split up, the three Madonnas Lauren McDonald, Katilin, and Becca chose Cathedral High and joined the volleyball team. Tension forms between Gabby's group Lettie and Rada and the Madonnas, causing them to lose during a volleyball game because of lack of teamwork. This makes the coach furious and he makes a speech about working together as a team and feeling the love. Soon after, the girls begin to warm up to one another and at the same time, winning game after game. Lauren's friendship with the other girls, particularly with Gabby, makes Becca jealous and in a fit of jealousy, she tells Gabby about Lauren and Artie (Gabby's ex-boyfriend) and a rift between the two escalates. During the game, a fight between Gabby and Lauren occurs. The coach tells them to put their own issues aside and focus on the game.",
"After winning, Gabby and Lauren are back on good terms, agreeing that both should concentrate on their games first and deciding afterwards who should get the boy. Before the game starts, Becca puts Melatonin in Gabby's water bottle. Gabby begins to lose focus, the coach suspects she's on drugs and orders her to sit on the bench, replacing her with Becca. Gabby breaks down and the Phantoms win. Becca confesses to Lauren about what she did, with reason that she wanted her father to get to watch her play. She gets kicked off the team and the Phantoms head on to finals. With determination, hard work and cooperation, the Phantoms win the championship. Becca makes up with Gabby. Gabby and Lauren didn't care about which one of them gets Artie and the girls set off to make their dreams come true. Soundtrack. All You've Got (CD/DVD)\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"1998 film by Nora Ephron\nYou've Got Mail is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Nora Ephron, and starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan. Inspired by the 1937 Hungarian play \"Parfumerie\" by Miklós László (which had earlier been adapted in 1940 as \"The Shop Around the Corner\" and in 1949 as \"In the Good Old Summertime\"), the screenplay was co-written by Nora and Delia Ephron. It tells the story of two people in an online romance who are unaware they are also business rivals. It marked the third pairing of Hanks and Ryan, who previously appeared together in \"Joe Versus the Volcano\" (1990) and \"Sleepless in Seattle\" (1993), the latter directed by Ephron. The film takes its name from the greeting AOL users receive when they get a new email. Plot. On Manhattan's Upper West Side, Kathleen Kelly runs The Shop Around the Corner, an independent children's bookstore she inherited from her mother. She is in a relationship with Frank Navasky, a left-leaning columnist for \"The New York Observer\". While Frank is devoted to his typewriter, Kathleen prefers her laptop and using her AOL email account, under the screen name \"Shopgirl\", to exchange messages with \"NY152\", whom she first met in a chatroom. As they have agreed not to share specifics about their personal lives, she knows nothing about him other than the name of his dog, Brinkley."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "16dc6e6e-1f77-498c-b6ca-bd8d9ffef4e7",
"doc_name": "Hold What You've Got",
"doc_chunk": "\"Hold What You've Got\" is a 1964 single by Joe Tex. The single was his second chart release and first to reach the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Hold What You've Got\" went to number one on the \"Cash Box\" R&B chart, and reached number five in 1965, on the pop chart. Background. The song is noted for the two spoken recitations, between the refrains of the song, telling, first the men, and then the women to keep on supporting their loved ones and not take them for granted. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 7dedbacd-f8c8-4db3-8ab9-2d93bbc7020c | who plays chris on fear the walking dead | Lorenzo James Henrie | [
"Lorenzo James Henrie"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47691356 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"7dedbacd-f8c8-4db3-8ab9-2d93bbc7020c",
"7dedbacd-f8c8-4db3-8ab9-2d93bbc7020c",
"7dedbacd-f8c8-4db3-8ab9-2d93bbc7020c",
"7dedbacd-f8c8-4db3-8ab9-2d93bbc7020c",
"7dedbacd-f8c8-4db3-8ab9-2d93bbc7020c"
],
"doc_name": [
"Lorenzo James Henrie",
"Henrie",
"Lorenzo James",
"Lorenzo James",
"David Henrie"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"American actor (born 1993)\nLorenzo James Henrie (born June 29, 1993) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Chris Manawa on the AMC television series \"Fear the Walking Dead\" (2015–2016). Early life. Henrie was born in Phoenix, Arizona, to Linda (\"née\" Finocchiaro), a talent manager, and James Wilson Henrie, a producer formerly in real estate. His older brother is actor David Henrie. Henrie is a practicing Roman Catholic. Career. In 2015, Henrie appeared in the comedy film \"\". He also played one of the lead roles as Christopher Manawa in the first two seasons of AMC's series \"Fear the Walking Dead\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Henrie is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:\nSurname:\nGiven name:\nSee also. <templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Name listThis page or section lists people that share the same given name or the same family name.",
"American politician\nLorenzo James (April 19, 1805 – September 19, 1888) was an American politician. James was born in Camden, South Carolina, April 19, 1805. His grandfather, John James, was a captain in General Marion's command in the American Revolution. His father, Samuel James, who had been a member of the South Carolina legislature, emigrated to the neighborhood of Jackson, in Clarke County, south-western Alabama, in 1818, but soon died, leaving a numerous family to the care of his wife, who was a sister of Col. John Darrington, of South Carolina. He entered Yale College in 1822 from a private school in Jamaica, L. I., and graduated in 1825. Returning to Alabama, he married in 1827 Eliza, daughter of Gen. John Scott, of Montgomery, and settled on a plantation in the western part of Montgomery County, afterwards embraced in the new county of Lowndes. He was a successful planter, brought up a large family of children, and owned 103 slaves. He represented the county in the Alabama State Senate in 1835. Removing again to Clarke County, where his mother still resided, he represented that county in the Alabama House of Representatives in 1849, and in the Senate in 1851. During the American Civil War, he led a vigilance committee which dealt out brutal violence to Union supporters, and despite the Union's victory, continued to hold local political offices afterwards. His large property, however, was destroyed by the results of the war.",
"Northern friends who heard of his reverses advised his opening an office in Montgomery for the purchase of cotton on commission for their factories, and he did so with some success. His wife died in 1872, and in 1875 he was again married to Margaret Briscoe, of Georgetown, Ky., who survived him. His last years were spent in Cincinnati, Ohio, and he died on September 19, 1888, in his 84th year, worn out with old age and infirmities, in Petoskey, Mich. He had visited that place annually for several years, on account of hay fever, from which he had long been a sufferer. References. This article incorporates public domain material from the 1889 \"Yale Obituary Record\". <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"American actor (born 1989)\nDavid Clayton Henrie ( ; born July 11, 1989) is an American actor, writer, and director. He is noted for playing Ted Mosby's future son Luke on \"How I Met Your Mother\" and Justin Russo in \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", as well as starring in the films \"Little Boy\" and \"Walt Before Mickey\". Early life. Henrie was born in Mission Viejo, California, to Linda Henrie (\"née\" Finocchiaro), a talent manager, and James Wilson Henrie, a producer formerly in real estate. He is the older brother of actor Lorenzo James Henrie. His maternal grandparents are Italian. Henrie was raised as a Roman Catholic, and, in a video chat, stated that he is \"a Christian and always will be\". He grew up in Phoenix, Arizona. Career. At age 13, Henrie landed a regular role as Petey Pitt on the Fox sitcom \"The Pitts\". Henrie next landed a leading role in the Hallmark movie, \"Monster Makers\", with Linda Blair and George Kennedy, and was asked to come back for another Hallmark movie, to play a role in \"Dead Hollywood Moms Society\". He also starred as Skylar Blaford in the Fox's sitcom \"Method & Red\". Henrie guest starred in many shows such as \"Providence\", \"Without a Trace\", \"The Mullets\", \"Judging Amy\", \"The D.A."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "7dedbacd-f8c8-4db3-8ab9-2d93bbc7020c",
"doc_name": "Lorenzo James Henrie",
"doc_chunk": "American actor (born 1993)\nLorenzo James Henrie (born June 29, 1993) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Chris Manawa on the AMC television series \"Fear the Walking Dead\" (2015–2016). Early life. Henrie was born in Phoenix, Arizona, to Linda (\"née\" Finocchiaro), a talent manager, and James Wilson Henrie, a producer formerly in real estate. His older brother is actor David Henrie. Henrie is a practicing Roman Catholic. Career. In 2015, Henrie appeared in the comedy film \"\". He also played one of the lead roles as Christopher Manawa in the first two seasons of AMC's series \"Fear the Walking Dead\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 1fe16b57-d6ff-4cc2-aa03-efe6d814140d | who sang loving you has made me bananas | Loving You Has Made Me Bananas | [
"Guy Marks"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26198802 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"1fe16b57-d6ff-4cc2-aa03-efe6d814140d",
"1fe16b57-d6ff-4cc2-aa03-efe6d814140d",
"1fe16b57-d6ff-4cc2-aa03-efe6d814140d",
"1fe16b57-d6ff-4cc2-aa03-efe6d814140d",
"1fe16b57-d6ff-4cc2-aa03-efe6d814140d"
],
"doc_name": [
"Loving You Has Made Me Bananas",
"You Made Me",
"You Made Me",
"You Made Me",
"You Made Me"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"\"Loving You Has Made Me Bananas\" is a 1968 hit novelty song composed and performed by Guy Marks. It parodies big band broadcasts of the era with absurd lyrics. It was first released in 1968 on ABC Records as a single with \"Forgive Me My Love\" on the B-side, some two years after \"Winchester Cathedral\" had triggered a revival of this musical form that had fallen out of fashion in the 1950s. It was also released in a stereo LP in 1968 (ABC Records ABCS-648) with additional legitimate 1930s and 1940s hits sung in the same style (\"Object of My Affection\", \"Painted Tainted Rose\", \"Ti-Pi-Tin\", \"This Is Forever\", \"Amapola\", \"Postage Machine\", \"Careless\", \"Little Shoemaker\", \"Forgive Me My Love\" and \"Little Sir Echo\"). It reached #53 in Canada. The single was re-released in 1978, reaching No. 25 in the UK Singles Chart. The UK chart showing led to an appearance by Marks on Top of the Pops in May 1978. Two out of the three backing singers accidentally sang \"Your father had the shopfitter blues\", while the other one correctly sang \"Your father had the shipfitter blues.\" References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"\"You Made Me\" is the twentieth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\". The episode was written and storyboarded by Tom Herpich and Jesse Moynihan, from a story by Patrick McHale, Kent Osborne, and Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on August 27, 2012. The episode guest stars Justin Roiland as the Earl of Lemongrab. The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In this episode, Princess Bubblegum (voiced by Hynden Walch) hands over the Pup Gang to Lemongrab after he upsets the Candy Kingdom and demands citizens for his isolated castle. However, Lemongrab is not satisfied with these unruly citizens. Bubblegum eventually makes him a twin to rule with. The episode features the return of Roiland, who had first appeared in the third season episode, \"Too Young\". According to Nielsen ratings, the episode ranked as the number one telecast in its time period for all children demographics aged 2–11, 6–11, and 9–14, as well as in all boy demographics. Oliver Sava of \"The A.V. Club\" wrote positively of the episode, applauding its exploration of Lemongrab. Plot.",
"After Princess Bubblegum (voiced by Hynden Walch) discovers that the Earl of Lemongrab (voiced by Justin Roiland) is watching her subjects while they sleep, she confronts the Earl, who complains that he has no one to govern. He then has a mental breakdown, accusing Bubblegum of being \"his glob\". Bubblegum sends the Pup Gang, a band of delinquent youth, to Lemongrab's castle, but their unruly attitude causes them to be electrocuted and consequently injured by the Earl. Lemongrab subsequently returns to watching the candy citizens as they sleep. The Princess tries to show the Earl how to care for his citizens, but he has another breakdown and leaves. Princess Bubblegum, Finn, and Jake therefore decide journey to Castle Lemongrab to try to help the Earl and save the Pup Gang. Lemongrab soon presents himself, and tries to recondition Finn and Jake. Just when he is about to harm Bubblegum with a soundsword, a clone of Lemongrab, Lemongrab 2, walks into the room. Bubblegum explains that she made him to be the original Lemongrab's companion, so that he would not be so lonely. The two Earls become friends very quickly and send off the Pup Gang, Bubblegum, and Finn and Jake. Production. \"You Made Me\" was written and storyboarded by Tom Herpich and Jesse Moynihan, from a story developed by series creator Pendleton Ward, Patrick McHale, and Kent Osborne.",
"Steve Wolfhard, who would go on to be promoted to series storyboard artist during the show's fifth season, cleaned up most of Herpich's and Moynihan's storyboard drawings. Moynihan himself struggled when making the episode, because he was unsure if audiences would appreciate new dimensions that had been added to the character, or if they only wanted \"to re-live the moments that made a character popular.\" The episode features the return of Justin Roiland, who voices the Earl of Lemongrab. \"You Made Me\" also featured Lemongrab's catchphrase, \"Unacceptable!\" This was added into the episode by Moynihan; Herpich, on the other hand, has refused to place the line in his storyboards again for fear of overusing it. In one scene, Finn opens up several doors in Castle Lemongrab, only to find catcher's mitts. Herpich, who boarded these scenes, refused to explain their meaning, arguing on the DVD commentary for the fourth season that they speak for themselves. Reception. \"You Made Me\" first aired on Cartoon Network on August 27, 2012. According to Nielsen ratings, the episode ranked as the number one telecast in its time period for all children demographics aged 2–11, 6–11, and 9–14, as well as in all boy demographics. The episode first saw physical release as part of the 2013 \"Fionna and Cake\" DVD, which included 16 episodes from the series' first three seasons.",
"It was later re-released as part of the complete fourth season DVD in October 2014. Oliver Sava of \"The A.V. Club\" awarded the episode a \"B\", writing that the relationship between Princess Bubblegum and Lemongrab \"has echoes of both religious and relationship crises, with PB serving as the unfair god as well as the ex-girlfriend who leaves her significant other in shambles.\" Explanatory notes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "1fe16b57-d6ff-4cc2-aa03-efe6d814140d",
"doc_name": "Loving You Has Made Me Bananas",
"doc_chunk": "\"Loving You Has Made Me Bananas\" is a 1968 hit novelty song composed and performed by Guy Marks. It parodies big band broadcasts of the era with absurd lyrics. It was first released in 1968 on ABC Records as a single with \"Forgive Me My Love\" on the B-side, some two years after \"Winchester Cathedral\" had triggered a revival of this musical form that had fallen out of fashion in the 1950s. It was also released in a stereo LP in 1968 (ABC Records ABCS-648) with additional legitimate 1930s and 1940s hits sung in the same style (\"Object of My Affection\", \"Painted Tainted Rose\", \"Ti-Pi-Tin\", \"This Is Forever\", \"Amapola\", \"Postage Machine\", \"Careless\", \"Little Shoemaker\", \"Forgive Me My Love\" and \"Little Sir Echo\"). It reached #53 in Canada. The single was re-released in 1978, reaching No. 25 in the UK Singles Chart. The UK chart showing led to an appearance by Marks on Top of the Pops in May 1978. Two out of the three backing singers accidentally sang \"Your father had the shopfitter blues\", while the other one correctly sang \"Your father had the shipfitter blues.\" References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 065963cd-dbe8-488e-afa9-ca1a470b1d13 | who did oliver valentine marry in holby city | Oliver Valentine | [
"Tara"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32081973 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"065963cd-dbe8-488e-afa9-ca1a470b1d13",
"065963cd-dbe8-488e-afa9-ca1a470b1d13",
"065963cd-dbe8-488e-afa9-ca1a470b1d13",
"065963cd-dbe8-488e-afa9-ca1a470b1d13",
"065963cd-dbe8-488e-afa9-ca1a470b1d13"
],
"doc_name": [
"Oliver Valentine",
"Oliver Valentine",
"Oliver Valentine",
"Oliver Valentine",
"Oliver Valentine"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Fictional character from Holby City\nOliver \"Ollie\" Valentine is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama \"Holby City\", played by actor James Anderson. He first appeared in the eleventh series episode \"Proceed With Caution\", broadcast on 9 June 2009. Oliver was introduced alongside his older sister, Penny (Emma Catherwood), as a Foundation House Officer 1 (F1) on rotation at Holby City Hospital. Series producer Diana Kyle intended their inclusion to have an \"instant impact on the wards.\" Anderson was selected to play Oliver; he spent time with a real F1 doctor and trained with the programme's medical advisors to prepare for the part. It took him around six months to ease into the role, and a further six to feel comfortable in it. Oliver was initially portrayed as \"the golden boy\" compared to his sister. Boyishly charming and medically talented, he nonetheless lacked confidence in his ability. When Oliver reached his F2 training, the series formed an on-screen duo by pairing him with registrar Greg Douglas (Edward MacLiam). Oliver's lack of competency was highlighted – he endangered patients and landed his colleagues in trouble. In a prominent storyline, Oliver made a series of medical errors, which forced him to admit that he cheated on an exam at medical school. He began a downward spiral, and reached \"rock bottom\" when Penny was killed off. He was then central to a special flashback episode, which depicted his battle to cope with her death.",
"Though he confessed to Director of Surgery Henrik Hanssen (Guy Henry) that he was not truly qualified, Hanssen allowed Oliver to continue practising medicine. Branded a Lothario-type character, Oliver has been involved in several romantic storylines during his tenure; Anderson has called him \"the hospital bike\". In a toy boy storyline with ward sister Chrissie Williams (Tina Hobley), Oliver was seen to compromise his career. He went on to date ward sister Daisha Anderson (Rebecca Grant), kiss registrar Jac Naylor (Rosie Marcel), and earn the unreciprocated affection of ward sister Frieda Petrenko (Olga Fedori), and marry F1 doctor Tara Lo (Jing Lusi). Anderson decided to leave the series in 2012 and filmed his final scenes in March 2013. Oliver departed in the episode \"Mens Sana In Corpore Sano\", dated 9 July 2013. He returned on 23 December 2014, for one episode, before making a full-time return on 5 May 2015. Anderson opted to leave the series again in 2017 and Oliver departed in the episode \"No Matter Where You Go, There You Are – Part Two\", broadcast on 27 March 2018. Anderson returned for a two-month stint in 2021. Responses to the character have generally been negative, with particular criticism for his poor treatment of Penny. Bree Treacy of RTÉ Ten disliked both Valentines.",
"Many have questioned Oliver's medical skills and labelled him an incompetent doctor – as Daniel Maier of \"The Guardian\" put it, he is \"a doctor with the blue eyes of Fonda and the medical competence of fondue\". Storylines. Oliver arrives at Holby City Hospital as an F1 doctor, alongside his sister Penny (Emma Catherwood). He acquires Penny's preferred rotation on the Acute Assessment Unit (AAU), where he develops a flirtatious relationship with ward sister Chrissie Williams (Tina Hobley). Within weeks, their relationship becomes sexual. Chrissie becomes pregnant, but later miscarries. They break up, and Oliver moves on to date ward sister Daisha Anderson (Rebecca Grant). A transfer to the cardiothoracic surgery ward has him working under registrar Jac Naylor (Rosie Marcel). While Daisha spends Christmas with her family in the Philippines, Oliver kisses Jac. Upon her return, Daisha learns of the tryst. Soon thereafter, she is shot during a hostage situation and Oliver struggles to cope. Although she recovers, she opts to leave Holby and move back to the Philippines. Oliver discovers that Penny has been having a relationship with a patient, Scott (Joshua Bowman), endangering her career. She plans to move to Spain with him and abandon her training, but Oliver convinces Scott to leave without her.",
"Keen to earn praise from his consultants, Connie Beauchamp (Amanda Mealing) and Elliot Hope (Paul Bradley), Oliver claims Penny's research as his own, and is awarded her place in an operation. He is promoted to F2 level, and betrays Penny further by revealing her affair with Scott, which results in her failing her cardiothoracic rotation and being moved to the AAU. A rivalry develops between them, but they are forced to call a truce when a series of pranks endanger a patient. Registrar Greg Douglas (Edward MacLiam) shirks his responsibilities by excessively delegating to Oliver; to his dismay, Connie appoints him as Oliver's mentor. Oliver pushes himself too far in an attempt to impress Greg, which earns the senior doctor a reprimand for leaving him unsupervised. Oliver tries to earn back Greg's respect, but panics while attempting to insert a chest drain, and has to be rescued by ward sister Frieda Petrenko (Olga Fedori). He invites her for a drink as thanks, but when Penny discovers that Frieda has romantic feelings for him, Oliver cancels as he does not reciprocate them. Oliver's confidence is further damaged when he mishandles a case, which results in a mother leaving her son to die alone. He moves back to the AAU, where he is shaken by an encounter with the boy's mother, which causes him to panic and embarrass himself in theatre.",
"Penny's career begins to improve, and Oliver resents her when she is given registrar duties for a shift. Having realised that he is close to failing his F2 year, Oliver implicates Penny in a serious surgical error of his own doing, but is caught by registrar Antoine Malick (Jimmy Akingbola). When a patient unexpectedly dies in his care, Oliver breaks down. He confesses to Penny that he cheated in medical school by swapping one of their exam papers, so he passed on her merit while she was forced to repeat a year. Furious, Penny tells Oliver that he must confess to Director of Surgery Henrik Hanssen (Guy Henry). He writes a letter of resignation, but deletes it after a positive day working alongside Frieda, who encourages him to repeat his F2 year. After giving Oliver a final chance to confess, Penny is called away to the site of a train crash. Oliver is left alone on AAU, where he successfully performs a difficult procedure. Hopeful that Penny will forgive him, Oliver is devastated to learn that she has been killed in an accident at the crash site. Unable to cope in the aftermath of her death, Oliver turns to drugs and alcohol. He sends Hanssen a letter of resignation, which includes a full confession. His father Tony (Simon Shepherd) offers him money to choose a new career, and claims that Oliver always had more potential than Penny. This angers Oliver, who endangers his own life to save a patient and feels reinvigorated."
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "065963cd-dbe8-488e-afa9-ca1a470b1d13",
"doc_name": "Oliver Valentine",
"doc_chunk": "Though he confessed to Director of Surgery Henrik Hanssen (Guy Henry) that he was not truly qualified, Hanssen allowed Oliver to continue practising medicine. Branded a Lothario-type character, Oliver has been involved in several romantic storylines during his tenure; Anderson has called him \"the hospital bike\". In a toy boy storyline with ward sister Chrissie Williams (Tina Hobley), Oliver was seen to compromise his career. He went on to date ward sister Daisha Anderson (Rebecca Grant), kiss registrar Jac Naylor (Rosie Marcel), and earn the unreciprocated affection of ward sister Frieda Petrenko (Olga Fedori), and marry F1 doctor Tara Lo (Jing Lusi). Anderson decided to leave the series in 2012 and filmed his final scenes in March 2013. Oliver departed in the episode \"Mens Sana In Corpore Sano\", dated 9 July 2013. He returned on 23 December 2014, for one episode, before making a full-time return on 5 May 2015. Anderson opted to leave the series again in 2017 and Oliver departed in the episode \"No Matter Where You Go, There You Are – Part Two\", broadcast on 27 March 2018. Anderson returned for a two-month stint in 2021. Responses to the character have generally been negative, with particular criticism for his poor treatment of Penny. Bree Treacy of RTÉ Ten disliked both Valentines.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 6e7f4753-4f2e-4fd1-bb11-fdb51f9e68a6 | trains from kings cross to central station sydney | Kings Cross railway station, Sydney | [
"Sydney Trains T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line",
"NSW TrainLink South Coast Line"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=981679 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"6e7f4753-4f2e-4fd1-bb11-fdb51f9e68a6",
"6e7f4753-4f2e-4fd1-bb11-fdb51f9e68a6",
"6e7f4753-4f2e-4fd1-bb11-fdb51f9e68a6",
"6e7f4753-4f2e-4fd1-bb11-fdb51f9e68a6",
"6e7f4753-4f2e-4fd1-bb11-fdb51f9e68a6"
],
"doc_name": [
"Kings Cross railway station, Sydney",
"Sydney Kings",
"Sydney Kings",
"Sydney Kings",
"Sydney Kings"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Railway station in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia\nKings Cross railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located on the Eastern Suburbs line, serving the Sydney suburb of Kings Cross. It is served by Sydney Trains' T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line services and NSW TrainLink's South Coast Line services. History. Kings Cross station opened on 23 June 1979 when the Eastern Suburbs line opened from Central to Bondi Junction. The station was upgraded in 2004 and received a lift and tactile indicators. In 2016, Kings Cross was refurbished with new tiling, tactile indicators and the platform walls repainted. Transport links. Transdev John Holland operates four bus routes via Kings Cross station, under contract to Transport for NSW:\nKings Cross station is served by one NightRide route:\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Australian men's basketball team\nThe Sydney Kings are an Australian men's professional basketball team competing in the National Basketball League (NBL). The team is based in Sydney, New South Wales, and play their home games at Qudos Bank Arena in Sydney Olympic Park. The Kings were formed from a merger between the West Sydney Westars and the Sydney Supersonics in October 1987. The Kings have won five NBL championships in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2022 and 2023. They were the first team to win three consecutive championships in the NBL and currently sit third behind Melbourne United (six) and the Perth Wildcats (ten) for championships won. History. 1988–2002: First 15 years. The Kings were formed from a merger between the West Sydney Westars and the Sydney Supersonics in October 1987. The team adopted the purple-and-gold colours traditionally linked with the most winning team in the NBA during the 1980s, the Los Angeles Lakers. Before the merger, no Sydney-based teams had ever made the final four in NBL competition. That changed in 1989, when the Kings finished fifth with a 15–9 record and advanced to the semi-finals with a 2–1 win over the Melbourne Tigers. After splitting their first two games in the semi-finals, the Kings were humiliated by the Canberra Cannons 142–82 in the series-deciding third game. Sydney made the playoffs in 1990, losing in the first round to the Brisbane Bullets.",
"In 1992, led by imports Dwayne McClain (who was named to the All-NBL First Team) and Ken McClary (ranked 5th in the league in rebounds), the Kings finished second on the ladder. This time they advanced to the semi-finals and were beaten by the Tigers, who would eventually lose to the South East Melbourne Magic in the championship series. Over the next few years the Kings, despite the rich pockets of private owner Mike Wrublewski, earned a reputation for being chronic under-achievers. The team featured high-profile players like Leon Trimmingham, Mario Donaldson, Dean Uthoff and Phil Smyth during the mid-90s but they failed to make the playoffs in 1993 or 1995, and were eliminated in the first round in 1994 and 1996. The team soon received the nickname of 'The Violet Crumbles', a popular chocolate bar sold in a purple wrapper; the joke being that the team was wrapped in purple and shattered under pressure. 'The Cardiac Kids' was another tag, for the team's frequency in getting involved in close, thrilling games. After their 1996 elimination, the Kings would not make the NBL playoffs again until 2001, when they made it to the first round before being eliminated by the Townsville Crocodiles. Australian Olympic team guard Shane Heal was recruited to lead the team, and he finished second in the league in scoring average, behind Olympic teammate Andrew Gaze. Heal finished third in scoring average in the 2001–02 season, but the Kings again failed to make the playoffs. 2003–2008: First championship era.",
"For the 2002–03 season, Heal was joined by talented imports Chris Williams and Kavossy Franklin. The team also welcomed the NBL's all-time leader in coaching victories, Brian Goorjian. The Kings finished on top of the ladder with a 22–8 record, and swept the Perth Wildcats 2–0 in the grand final series to claim their first-ever championship. With Goorjian able to implement his defensive tactics which were so successful with the Spectres, Magic and Titans in Melbourne, there seemed to be no stopping the Kings, who were able to recruit quality imports like 2002–03 league MVP Chris Williams. In addition, many Victorian groomed players who had previously played for Goorijan such as Jason Smith and Bradley Sheridan followed him north to Sydney. Heal retired after the 2002–03 season, and C. J. Bruton was recruited to take his place, Jason Smith was signed after returning to the NBL after playing in Europe but unfortunately was injured 13 games into the season and was replaced by import Chris Carrawell. The Kings started the 2003–04 season with 10 successive wins, and would eventually win their second championship after their best-of-five grand final series with crosstown rivals West Sydney Razorbacks went down to the deciding fifth game. Kings player Matt Nielsen would win the regular season and finals MVP in 2003–04 before leaving to play overseas.",
"The Kings again performed strongly in the 2004–05 season despite a disastrous early game against Townsville which saw C. J. Bruton out for weeks with an elbow injury, and a season-ending ACL tear for rookie of the year candidate Luke Kendall. The Kings managed without their starting backcourt until Bruton came back and they signed import big man Rolan Roberts. Arguably stronger than before the Kings finished on top of the ladder and crushed the Wollongong Hawks in three straight games to become the first team in Australian league history to win three consecutive championships. Jason Smith was named the NBL Finals Most Valuable Player. In the 2005–06 season, the Kings again finished atop the ladder and made it to the grand final. Import centre Rolan Roberts suffered a torn pectoral muscle imitating a Vince Carter dunk during the All Star dunk competition and was replaced by Sedric Webber. In the finals they were swept 3–0 by the Chris Anstey led Melbourne Tigers. The club was then purchased in 2006 for $2 million by the chairman of fuel technology company Firepower International, Tim Johnston. Johnston later sold a part share in 2007 to 31-year-old Dorry Kordahi, CEO and owner of DKM. The 2006–07 season would see the Kings continue their success into the post-season despite losing star guard C. J. Bruton in the previous off-season to the Brisbane Bullets. The Kings faced off against the Bruton led Bullets in the semi-finals losing 2–0 while captain and key player Jason Smith attempted to play through a broken hand."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "6e7f4753-4f2e-4fd1-bb11-fdb51f9e68a6",
"doc_name": "Kings Cross railway station, Sydney",
"doc_chunk": "Railway station in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia\nKings Cross railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located on the Eastern Suburbs line, serving the Sydney suburb of Kings Cross. It is served by Sydney Trains' T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line services and NSW TrainLink's South Coast Line services. History. Kings Cross station opened on 23 June 1979 when the Eastern Suburbs line opened from Central to Bondi Junction. The station was upgraded in 2004 and received a lift and tactile indicators. In 2016, Kings Cross was refurbished with new tiling, tactile indicators and the platform walls repainted. Transport links. Transdev John Holland operates four bus routes via Kings Cross station, under contract to Transport for NSW:\nKings Cross station is served by one NightRide route:\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 815e1bd7-6f6f-4027-9e7b-de4a9b24f493 | when is the jim jefferies show coming back to comedy central | The Jim Jefferies Show | [
"March 27, 2018"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54259108 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"815e1bd7-6f6f-4027-9e7b-de4a9b24f493",
"815e1bd7-6f6f-4027-9e7b-de4a9b24f493",
"815e1bd7-6f6f-4027-9e7b-de4a9b24f493",
"815e1bd7-6f6f-4027-9e7b-de4a9b24f493",
"815e1bd7-6f6f-4027-9e7b-de4a9b24f493"
],
"doc_name": [
"The Jim Jefferies Show",
"The Jim Jefferies Show",
"The Jim Jefferies Show",
"The Jim Jefferies Show",
"Jim Jefferies"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Television series\nThe Jim Jefferies Show is an American late-night talk and news satire television program hosted by comedian Jim Jefferies. The show aired Tuesdays on Comedy Central and tackles the week's top stories and most controversial issues. In March 2017, Comedy Central ordered ten half-hour episodes. The series premiered on June 6, 2017, and was later extended with ten additional episodes, which began airing after a five-week hiatus. On January 30, 2019, Comedy Central renewed the show for a third season which premiered on March 19, 2019 and, after a summer hiatus, ran from September 17, 2019 through November 19, 2019 when the show was canceled, ending its three-year run. As of December 2021, seasons 1 and 2 are available to watch on Paramount+. Background. Prior to his foray into late night television, Jefferies starred in the comedy series \"Legit\", which ran for two seasons between 2013 and 2014 on FX and FXX. Early in his stand-up career, Jefferies was well known for his off-color humor. In his Netflix special \"Bare\" (2014), Jefferies performed a routine on gun control, which was previously used in his stand-up and on \"Legit\". The \"Bare\" routine has gone viral, especially after mass shootings in the United States. Jefferies revisited the topic in his Netflix special \"Freedumb\" (2016), in which he also criticized then-Republican candidate Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential campaign. Jefferies has since become a commentator, often speaking to newspapers and appearing on television programs to discuss his political opinions.",
"In late 2016, Comedy Central ordered a pilot for the show, which was taped on December 7. The network picked up the show as a weekly half-hour series in March 2017, with ten episodes set to air in the summer. Actor Brad Pitt became a fan of Jefferies after seeing clips of his standup, and called him to ask if he could be part of his new show. He was enthusiastic when Jefferies suggested he be the show's weatherman. Pitt, who is only referred to generically as \"\"Jim Jefferies Show\" Weatherman\", is paid the SAG minimum salary of $400 per episode. Promotion. In anticipation of the program's premiere, an online presence was launched for \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" in May 2017, including social media accounts. Jefferies introduced a fictional goldfish for the family of Donald Trump named Dave, who is dubbed the first goldfish of the United States. In June, Jefferies appeared as a guest on \"Unmasked,\" \"The Daily Show\", \"CBS This Morning\", \"Off Camera\" and \"Conan\". Jefferies continued performing stand-up gigs in between show tapings and media appearances. Production. \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" was taped on Tuesdays around 12:00 p.m. Pacific time at Sunset Las Palmas Studios in Hollywood, California. On November 6, 2019, it was announced that the series would conclude on November 19 as Jefferies moved to focus on a put pilot in production for NBC. Broadcast.",
"On January 15, 2018, Comedy Central renewed the series for a 20-episode second season, which premiered on March 27, 2018. On September 13, 2018, Comedy Central announced additional new episodes would air beginning September 18, 2018. In Australia, \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" aired Thursdays on Foxtel's Comedy Channel and Fetch TV's Comedy Central Australia. In Canada, \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" aired Tuesdays on The Comedy Network. In the United Kingdom, \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" aired Fridays on Comedy Central UK. Podcast. Jefferies co-hosted \"The Jim Jefferies Show Podcast\" with his fellow comedian Forrest Shaw, which was released alongside the last ten episodes of the first season and served as an aftershow for the television program. Each podcast features detailed commentary on news and politics, segments featured in the latest television episode, and jokes that were left out of the show. This was the first series of a new podcast network for Comedy Central. Reception. In a mixed review of the show for \"The Hollywood Reporter\", Daniel Fienberg wrote that \"What \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" needs is to stop trying to be like the other kids and to start trying to be like Jim Jefferies.\" Mike Hale of the \"New York Times\" also gave the show a mixed review, writing that \"As a late-night host, Mr. Jefferies can appear to be doing nothing much, but there’s a tricky balancing act going on between his ordinary-bloke persona and his sometimes savagely raunchy punch lines.",
"The results are hit and miss, and sometimes it’s a long while between hits.\" However, Hale also praised Jefferies for occasionally delivering \"explosive\" lines in the show. The first season ended with Jefferies listed in \"Variety\"'s \"Fresh Voices in TV Who Broke Out in 2017\" and the writing team nominated for Best Comedy/Variety Talk Series at the 2018 Writers Guild of America Awards. Cancellation. On November 6, 2019, Comedy Central announced the show had been canceled, but would air an additional two weeks of the series, with the last show to be broadcast on November 19, 2019. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Australian stand-up comedian, actor and writer\nGeoff James Nugent (born February 1977), known professionally as Jim Jefferies, is an Australian comedian, actor, and writer who holds dual Australian and American citizenship. He created and starred in the American FX sitcom \"Legit\" (2013–2014) and the Comedy Central late-night show \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" (2017–2019). Early life. Jefferies was born Geoff James Nugent in Sydney, Australia in February 1977. His mother worked as a substitute teacher and his father was a cabinet maker and maintenance worker from Roma, Queensland. Jefferies grew up in Sydney before moving to Perth to study musical theatre and classical music at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, though he left several months before graduating. He has two older brothers: Scott, an investment banker, and Daniel, an inspector in the New South Wales Police Force's Public Order and Riot Squad. Career. Stand-up. Jefferies began his stand-up comedy career after dropping out of university, initially returning to his native Sydney before relocating to the United Kingdom. He took the stage name \"Jim Jeffries\", but amended the last name to \"Jefferies\" to avoid confusion with a similarly named American performer. He initially began performing stand-up with one-liners. He changed to anecdotal humour when he began doing hour-long sets. One of his early UK appearances was in October 2003 when he performed at Birmingham's Glee Club, as a part of Birmingham Comedy Festival."
],
"support": [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "815e1bd7-6f6f-4027-9e7b-de4a9b24f493",
"doc_name": "The Jim Jefferies Show",
"doc_chunk": "On January 15, 2018, Comedy Central renewed the series for a 20-episode second season, which premiered on March 27, 2018. On September 13, 2018, Comedy Central announced additional new episodes would air beginning September 18, 2018. In Australia, \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" aired Thursdays on Foxtel's Comedy Channel and Fetch TV's Comedy Central Australia. In Canada, \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" aired Tuesdays on The Comedy Network. In the United Kingdom, \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" aired Fridays on Comedy Central UK. Podcast. Jefferies co-hosted \"The Jim Jefferies Show Podcast\" with his fellow comedian Forrest Shaw, which was released alongside the last ten episodes of the first season and served as an aftershow for the television program. Each podcast features detailed commentary on news and politics, segments featured in the latest television episode, and jokes that were left out of the show. This was the first series of a new podcast network for Comedy Central. Reception. In a mixed review of the show for \"The Hollywood Reporter\", Daniel Fienberg wrote that \"What \"The Jim Jefferies Show\" needs is to stop trying to be like the other kids and to start trying to be like Jim Jefferies.\" Mike Hale of the \"New York Times\" also gave the show a mixed review, writing that \"As a late-night host, Mr. Jefferies can appear to be doing nothing much, but there’s a tricky balancing act going on between his ordinary-bloke persona and his sometimes savagely raunchy punch lines.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 5bb53fb4-f1ab-4334-bfa6-9577eea20b05 | when was model secondary school for the deaf founded | Model Secondary School for the Deaf | [
"October 15, 1966"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4211855 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"5bb53fb4-f1ab-4334-bfa6-9577eea20b05",
"5bb53fb4-f1ab-4334-bfa6-9577eea20b05",
"5bb53fb4-f1ab-4334-bfa6-9577eea20b05",
"5bb53fb4-f1ab-4334-bfa6-9577eea20b05",
"5bb53fb4-f1ab-4334-bfa6-9577eea20b05"
],
"doc_name": [
"Model Secondary School for the Deaf",
"Model Secondary School for the Deaf",
"Iowa School for the Deaf",
"Iowa School for the Deaf",
"Iowa School for the Deaf"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"The Model Secondary School (MSSD) is a residential four-year high school for deaf and hard-of-hearing students located on the Gallaudet University campus in Washington, D.C.\nHistory. Prior to 1970, Kendall School for the Deaf served students from preschool to twelfth grade. The Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 15, 1966 (P.L. 89-694). In May 1969, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the President of Gallaudet College signed an agreement authorizing the establishment and operation of the Model Secondary School for the Deaf (MSSD) at the College. MSSD is now located on the northeastern end of the Gallaudet University campus. MSSD provides a tuition-free comprehensive day and residential four-year high school program for deaf and hard of hearing students from the United States and its territories. MSSD is fully accredited by two organizations:\nMSSD is a demonstration school of the Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center. Their Belief and Mission Statements can be viewed at the Clerc Center website. Campus and student body. The school is tuition-free and open only to residents of the United States and its territories. The school enrollment ranges from 160 to 180 students. Students are typically between ages 14 and 21. The majority of new students begin in the fall semester, but students are also admitted in the spring.",
"An array of support services are available to all MSSD students, including a new signer program, communication support services, audiological services, counseling services, social work services, psychological services, and health services. MSSD students are expected to graduate ready for the challenges of adult life.",
"Iowa School for the Deaf is a pre-K to 12th grade school for deaf and hard-of-hearing students located in Council Bluffs, Iowa. It serves students who live in Iowa and Nebraska. History. The founders of Iowa School for the Deaf were Edmund Booth and William E. Ijams (1830–1893). In 1854 Ijams opened a private school for the deaf in Iowa City. Following political activity by both men, a public institution was established on January 24, 1855, with the passage of Senate File No. 51. It was known as the Iowa Institute for the Deaf and Dumb. Twenty-one students, ranging from 12 to 28 years old, were the first pupils. Due to lack of space, the school relocated to Council Bluffs in 1870. Council Bluffs was chosen because a large tract of land was obtained at a discounted price. The city had been declared the eastern terminus for the country's railroad system by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 and it was thought the railroad hub would provide accessible transportation for students across the state. The name Iowa School for the Deaf was adopted in 1892. In 1998 ISD began admitting deaf students from Nebraska due to the closure of the Nebraska School for the Deaf. Admissions. ISD is a referral-based school. Families, school districts and area education agencies are involved in the decision to educate a child at Iowa School for the Deaf. Deaf or hard-of-hearing children, residing in Iowa or Nebraska, who are at least 18 months old, may enroll. No tuition, room or board is charged.",
"Most of Iowa School for the Deaf's appropriations are provided through state taxes. The Board of Regents, State of Iowa governs the school. Preschool students may enroll at 18 months to aid language development. The elementary school consists of kindergarten through fourth grades; the middle school contains fifth through eighth grades; and the high school includes ninth through twelfth grades. Its enrollment averages 110 local and boarding students from across the states of Iowa and Nebraska. Each year, ISD's itinerant faculty provides supplemental education to several dozen students who are deaf or hard of hearing but do not attend Iowa School for the Deaf. Academics. Preschool student enrollment begins at 18 months to aid in language development. The elementary school consists of kindergarten through fourth grades. The middle school contains fifth through eighth grades. The high school includes ninth through twelfth grades. Curriculum follows that of public schools, with a language emphasis in every class. The school year begins in August, ends in May, and has extended winter and spring breaks. Students travel to their homes every weekend on school-provided transportation. Boarding program. Boarding programs provide language immersion opportunities for students, many of whom are behind their hearing peers in vocabulary. Eighty percent of deaf or hard-of-hearing students are born to hearing families who aren't users of American Sign Language. Therefore, language-rich environments found in dormitories help offset gaps in students' language acquisition. Students who are transported home daily are offered language programs after school. Preschool students do not stay overnight in ISD dorms. Students living close by may return home every day after school or choose to stay in the dorms. Graduation.",
"Students earn and are awarded diplomas by the Board of Regents, State of Iowa. Graduates meet the same academic requirements as hearing peers, as required by the Iowa Department of Education. Most students meet the requirements by the end of their senior year. In some circumstances, students may attend ISD until reaching 18 years of age. After graduation, most students pursue competitive work or post-secondary education at local, state, and national colleges and universities. Transition. A program providing support to students who complete graduate requirements is offered. Individuals enrolled into the 4PLUS program pursue college, work, or both. Students may take up to 12 credits per semester. 4PLUS students may work up to 30 hours weekly. There is no charge for the services; one-on-one tutoring and employment assistance, life skill instruction, room, board and transportation are provided without charge. Local school districts initially pay for tuition then are reimbursed. Students are responsible for purchasing college textbooks. Iowa's deaf and hard-of-hearing students from mainstreamed schools are also accepted into 4PLUS. Extracurricular activities. Students at Iowa School for the Deaf have dozens of activities in which they are encouraged to participate. Athletics, yearbook, honor society, service clubs are some structured activities. Field trips to United States Space Camp in Huntsville, Alabama and participation in Close Up in Washington, D.C., enhance the learning experiences. Leadership camps, dances, guest lecturers, bell choir, boys' and girls' clubs are others. Athletics."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "5bb53fb4-f1ab-4334-bfa6-9577eea20b05",
"doc_name": "Model Secondary School for the Deaf",
"doc_chunk": "The Model Secondary School (MSSD) is a residential four-year high school for deaf and hard-of-hearing students located on the Gallaudet University campus in Washington, D.C.\nHistory. Prior to 1970, Kendall School for the Deaf served students from preschool to twelfth grade. The Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 15, 1966 (P.L. 89-694). In May 1969, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the President of Gallaudet College signed an agreement authorizing the establishment and operation of the Model Secondary School for the Deaf (MSSD) at the College. MSSD is now located on the northeastern end of the Gallaudet University campus. MSSD provides a tuition-free comprehensive day and residential four-year high school program for deaf and hard of hearing students from the United States and its territories. MSSD is fully accredited by two organizations:\nMSSD is a demonstration school of the Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center. Their Belief and Mission Statements can be viewed at the Clerc Center website. Campus and student body. The school is tuition-free and open only to residents of the United States and its territories. The school enrollment ranges from 160 to 180 students. Students are typically between ages 14 and 21. The majority of new students begin in the fall semester, but students are also admitted in the spring.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | b7b3b398-5b43-49e5-93d5-aba655add326 | when did the maverick at cedar point open | Maverick (roller coaster) | [
"May 26, 2007"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6745116 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"b7b3b398-5b43-49e5-93d5-aba655add326",
"b7b3b398-5b43-49e5-93d5-aba655add326",
"b7b3b398-5b43-49e5-93d5-aba655add326",
"b7b3b398-5b43-49e5-93d5-aba655add326",
"b7b3b398-5b43-49e5-93d5-aba655add326"
],
"doc_name": [
"Maverick (roller coaster)",
"Maverick (roller coaster)",
"Maverick (roller coaster)",
"Maverick (roller coaster)",
"Maverick (roller coaster)"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Launched roller coaster at Cedar Point\nMaverick is a steel roller coaster located at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. Manufactured by Intamin at a cost of $21 million, it was the 500th roller coaster designed by German engineer Werner Stengel and the first to feature a twisted horseshoe roll element. There are two launch points along the track that utilize linear synchronous motors (LSM). Maverick features a beyond-vertical drop of 95 degrees and reaches a maximum speed of . Maverick was originally scheduled to open on May 12, 2007, but the opening was delayed after testing revealed that its heartline roll element, which followed the second launch, was too intense and placed excessive stress on the trains. It was replaced in favor of an s-curve element that joins two banked turns, and the coaster opened to public on May 26, 2007. The slogan used in the ride's promotion was \"The Old West Was Never This Wild.\" History. Maverick sits on the former site of White Water Landing. After White Water Landing closed on October 30, 2005, construction on Maverick began. On January 24, 2006, Cedar Fair Entertainment Company filed a trademark for the name Maverick. The project became known officially and colloquially as \"Project 2007\" until the announcement on September 7, 2006. Construction. <templatestyles src=\"Stack/styles.css\"/>\nAfter the closure of the 2005 season in October, the White Water Landing log flume ride was retired.",
"Although the ride was disassembled, the station was left intact and now serves as Maverick's on-ride photo booth and queue. Beginning in February 2006, concrete footers were poured on the former \"White Water Landing\" site, as well as in the pond that once housed Cedar Point's \"Swan Boat\" ride. In May 2006, track segments arrived in a fenced area near the park's off-site hotel, formerly named Breakers Express renamed Express Hotel. Initially, Cedar Point covered track segments with blue tarps. On July 16, 2006, the first steel supports were erected. On the week of August 16, 2006, the first track segments were installed. On September 11, 2006, the crest of the lift hill was added, thereby topping off the ride. Track installation was completed on October 28, 2006 and the first phase of testing began in January 2007. Delayed opening. On May 8, 2007, four days before Maverick was scheduled to debut, park general manager John Hildebrant announced that the ride would be delayed until early June because three track sections after the second launch needed to be replaced. These sections made up the heartline roll element and put excessive stress on the trains, which also might have caused discomfort to passengers due to high g-forces. On May 17, 2007, the heartline roll was removed and was replaced with an s-curve. The s-curve transitions the existing track from a banked right curve to a banked left curve. Installation of the s-curve was completed on May 24 and final testing and licensing of the attraction resumed.",
"On the same day, Cedar Point officials also announced that Maverick would debut on May 26. Ride experience. Layout. Two trains are loaded and dispatched simultaneously. The front train is launched while the rear train sits at the bottom of the lift hill. Once the front train has reached the tunnel, the rear train is launched. The ride starts out with a LSM launch up a hill at 20 degrees. At the top of the hill, the train drops at a 95-degree angle. The train reaches a speed of then goes through a series of banked turns, twisting right, left, and then right again. It then goes over a airtime hill, followed by a turn to the right into the Twisted Horseshoe Roll that features two 360-degree corkscrew rolls, back-to-back, with a 180-degree banked curve between the two corkscrews. The train then makes a turn to the right into the tunnel, during which riders slow down and encounter multiple railroad crossing signs and lanterns. From the tunnel, which is underneath the station, the train is launched at , traveling for . At the end of the tunnel, it goes up a hill with trim brakes, followed by a high-banked curve. The train then goes through a turn to the right into a canyon with an S-curve (where the heartline roll was originally supposed to be installed). Originally, water bombs shot off as the train enters the canyon, but this has since been removed. The train then passes under the lift hill through an over banked turn at 92 degrees.",
"It then turns to the right into another overbanked turn followed by an airtime hill. The train then turns to the right into the brake run. One cycle of the ride lasts about 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Trains/theme. Maverick features six three-car steam-era style trains that seat twelve passengers each. The trains have tiered seating and are named and colored as follows: Bret, Brass; Brent, Gunmetal; Ben, Iron; Beau, Gold; Bart, Silver; Sam, Copper. The restraint system, similar to Accelerator Coasters, includes a hydraulic over the shoulder harness and an interlocking seat belt. The station features an elevated dual unloading and loading platform enabling two trains to be loaded and unloaded simultaneously. Maverick features western music, contributing to the western theme. There is also an elevator shaft designed to look like a silo, that also contributes to the western theme. The passenger height restriction was initially set to a minimum of . In May 2007, the height restriction was raised to a minimum of per recommendations made by Intamin. At the 2015 Winter Chill Out, Cedar Point announced that the traditional over the shoulder restraints would be replaced with the soft vest style restraints found on Intimidator 305 at Kings Dominion. Operation. Maverick is negatively affected by unfavorable weather conditions as a high velocity ride. \"Rain, and/or lightning\" may result in the closing of the ride depending on the severity. It will close under any kind of steady precipitation. Passengers must be between tall to ride.",
"Some persons over a certain weight/waist size will not be permitted to ride if they cannot fit into the seat and lap bar harness. Passengers on Maverick may not bring any loose articles onto the train and will be required to wear shirts and footwear. Headphones must be removed before boarding. Glasses must also be secured by an athletic strap. Guests are advised not to ride Maverick if they have \"a history of recent surgery, heart trouble/high blood pressure, neck trouble, back trouble, or any other condition that may be aggravated by riding, or who are pregnant\". Additionally, guests must have 3 functioning extremities in order to ride, only allowing for one leg amputation or one arm amputation. Awards. Maverick won the Golden Ticket Award for \"Best New Ride in 2007\" from \"Amusement Today\" magazine. It also won the award for \"Best New Attraction in 2007\" from the National Amusement Park Historical Association (NAPHA). References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "b7b3b398-5b43-49e5-93d5-aba655add326",
"doc_name": "Maverick (roller coaster)",
"doc_chunk": "Launched roller coaster at Cedar Point\nMaverick is a steel roller coaster located at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. Manufactured by Intamin at a cost of $21 million, it was the 500th roller coaster designed by German engineer Werner Stengel and the first to feature a twisted horseshoe roll element. There are two launch points along the track that utilize linear synchronous motors (LSM). Maverick features a beyond-vertical drop of 95 degrees and reaches a maximum speed of . Maverick was originally scheduled to open on May 12, 2007, but the opening was delayed after testing revealed that its heartline roll element, which followed the second launch, was too intense and placed excessive stress on the trains. It was replaced in favor of an s-curve element that joins two banked turns, and the coaster opened to public on May 26, 2007. The slogan used in the ride's promotion was \"The Old West Was Never This Wild.\" History. Maverick sits on the former site of White Water Landing. After White Water Landing closed on October 30, 2005, construction on Maverick began. On January 24, 2006, Cedar Fair Entertainment Company filed a trademark for the name Maverick. The project became known officially and colloquially as \"Project 2007\" until the announcement on September 7, 2006. Construction. <templatestyles src=\"Stack/styles.css\"/>\nAfter the closure of the 2005 season in October, the White Water Landing log flume ride was retired.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 620ffaf6-9078-4db6-86a0-d17ca825f0fe | what county is st vincent's hospital in oregon | Providence St. Vincent Medical Center | [
"Washington County"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5745220 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"620ffaf6-9078-4db6-86a0-d17ca825f0fe",
"620ffaf6-9078-4db6-86a0-d17ca825f0fe",
"620ffaf6-9078-4db6-86a0-d17ca825f0fe",
"620ffaf6-9078-4db6-86a0-d17ca825f0fe",
"620ffaf6-9078-4db6-86a0-d17ca825f0fe"
],
"doc_name": [
"Providence St. Vincent Medical Center",
"Providence St. Vincent Medical Center",
"St. Vincent Charity Medical Center",
"St. Vincent Charity Medical Center",
"St. Vincent Charity Medical Center"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, is a non-profit, acute care teaching hospital in an unincorporated section of Washington County, Oregon, in the West Haven-Sylvan area north of Beaverton, Oregon and west of Portland, Oregon, United States – and within the Portland metropolitan area. The hospital was founded in 1875 by the Sisters of Providence, a Roman Catholic sisterhood from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is Providence Health & Services’s largest Oregon hospital. History. Dedicated on July 19, 1875, St. Vincent Hospital was the state's first permanent hospital, founded in the Northwest district of Portland, Oregon, by the Sisters of Providence, a Roman Catholic sisterhood from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In January 1971, the original campus in northwest Portland was closed and the current facility opened in Washington County. On January 31, 1971, the hospital used in-part large military buses capable of carrying 18 stretchers at a time to transport patients to the new hospital building. The facility at that time had a single, 13-story tower that consisted of seven floors of patient rooms. The new building had 400 hospital beds, while the old hospital had 420 beds. Post-millennium. In 2004, the hospital was one of three in Oregon named by Solucient as a top 100 hospital in the United States. In November 2009, the employees at the hospital, in conjunction with Medline Industries, produced the \"Pink Glove Dance\" video (set to \"Down\") to raise awareness of breast cancer, with the video going viral on the Internet and making national news.",
"In October 2015, work began on a four-year, $85 million remodeling of the nine-story main hospital building, which was built in 1971. Along with seismic retrofitting and modest expansion, the project will add a new aluminum exterior over the building's existing exposed-concrete surface, greatly changing its appearance when completed. Programs and institutes. St. Vincent has specialized programs including Providence Heart and Vascular Institute, Oregon Medical Laser Center, Providence Multiple Sclerosis Center, and Providence Stroke Center. The hospital is licensed for 523 beds, and has over 3,500 employees. There are approximately 1,647 medical staff. Providence St. Vincent Medical Center is also one of four nursing magnet hospitals in Portland, the others being Providence Portland Medical Center, Oregon Health & Science University Hospital, and the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Notes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"St. Vincent Charity Medical Center is a medical facility in Cleveland, Ohio. It was founded in 1865 under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland. It has been administered for much of its history by the Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine. The medical center previously operated a main hospital in downtown Cleveland, with additional medical offices elsewhere in Cleveland as well as the suburbs of Independence, Rocky River, Solon and Westlake. In 2022, the main hospital closed, although some outpatient medical services still exist at the site of the former hospital. History. In 1851, the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Cleveland, Louis Amadeus Rappe, brought from his native France a small group of members of a monastery of Augustinian canonesses regular dedicated to nursing to care for the sick of his diocese. By August of the following year, they were able to open St. Joseph Hospital, the first in the city. When the senior canonesses returned to France the following month, Rappe established the two young women from the group who had chosen to remain as the new religious congregation of Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine, under the leadership of an American woman, Mother Ursula Bissonette. The Sisters continued to operate the hospital until 1856, when they closed it to focus on their work of caring for orphans. Having no hospital, Cleveland found itself in a poor position to deal with the illness and large numbers of riverboat accidents resulting from its position as a hub to the American West. The outbreak of the American Civil War presented the additional dilemma of treating returning soldiers who had been wounded in battle, needing immediate medical attention and long term nursing care.",
"After discussion between Rappe and Bissonette, along with Gustave E. Weber, a prominent retired Army surgeon, it was felt that the time was opportune to open another hospital. The bishop approached the City Council in May 1863, proposing that the city build a hospital to care for returning veterans, which the Sisters of Charity would staff. After vocal opposition to the proposal by the press, which urged a non-sectarian facility, the majority Protestant council rejected the offer. Rappe then returned with a second proposal that he build the hospital and provide Religious Sisters to staff it, on the condition that the city provide adequate financial support. This proposal was accepted. The bishop then undertook the task of building the hospital. Land was acquired at a cost of $10,000, and the hospital was erected at a cost of $72,000, of which $42,000 came from public funds. St. Vincent Charity Hospital began operations on October 10, 1865. Growth. Under Weber, who became the hospital's first chief of staff, it soon opened a medical school, Charity Hospital Medical College, which awarded its first medical degree - the first awarded in Cleveland - in 1867. In 1881, the school became a founding member of the Western Reserve Medical Department, which eventually became the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. A nursing school was opened to help staff the hospital's work in 1898, and two of the Sisters of Charity became among the first women in Ohio to be certified by the State Board of Pharmacy. In 1952 a new building was opened for the hospital.",
"This included Rosary Hall Solarium, dedicated to the care of alcoholics, a service pioneered through the work of Sister Ignatia, C.S.A., a co-worker with the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous. In 2010, the hospital was renamed to St. Vincent Charity Medical Center, after the Sisters of Charity Health System regained full ownership of the hospital. In 2019, Janice Murphy was named president and CEO of the medical center. Decline. With seismic shifts in healthcare and the COVID-19 pandemic, a challenging environment arose that would no longer allow the system to offer traditional acute care hospital service. In 2022 St. Vincent downsized to about 100 caregivers, including clinical and non-clinical staff, from 1,442 people employed in 2019; after eliminating all overnight hospital beds, St. Vincent Charity Medical Center continues to provide urgent care, outpatient mental health and addiction services. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "620ffaf6-9078-4db6-86a0-d17ca825f0fe",
"doc_name": "Providence St. Vincent Medical Center",
"doc_chunk": "Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, is a non-profit, acute care teaching hospital in an unincorporated section of Washington County, Oregon, in the West Haven-Sylvan area north of Beaverton, Oregon and west of Portland, Oregon, United States – and within the Portland metropolitan area. The hospital was founded in 1875 by the Sisters of Providence, a Roman Catholic sisterhood from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is Providence Health & Services’s largest Oregon hospital. History. Dedicated on July 19, 1875, St. Vincent Hospital was the state's first permanent hospital, founded in the Northwest district of Portland, Oregon, by the Sisters of Providence, a Roman Catholic sisterhood from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In January 1971, the original campus in northwest Portland was closed and the current facility opened in Washington County. On January 31, 1971, the hospital used in-part large military buses capable of carrying 18 stretchers at a time to transport patients to the new hospital building. The facility at that time had a single, 13-story tower that consisted of seven floors of patient rooms. The new building had 400 hospital beds, while the old hospital had 420 beds. Post-millennium. In 2004, the hospital was one of three in Oregon named by Solucient as a top 100 hospital in the United States. In November 2009, the employees at the hospital, in conjunction with Medline Industries, produced the \"Pink Glove Dance\" video (set to \"Down\") to raise awareness of breast cancer, with the video going viral on the Internet and making national news.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 358f7131-e164-4fd7-98d0-bf5522e53fcb | what is the death penalty in south korea | Capital punishment in South Korea | [
"hanging"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22517771 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"358f7131-e164-4fd7-98d0-bf5522e53fcb",
"358f7131-e164-4fd7-98d0-bf5522e53fcb",
"358f7131-e164-4fd7-98d0-bf5522e53fcb",
"358f7131-e164-4fd7-98d0-bf5522e53fcb",
"358f7131-e164-4fd7-98d0-bf5522e53fcb"
],
"doc_name": [
"Capital punishment in South Korea",
"Capital punishment in South Korea",
"Capital punishment in South Korea",
"Capital punishment in South Korea",
"Capital punishment in South Korea"
],
"doc_chunk": [
" \nCapital punishment is a legal penalty in South Korea. As of December 2012, there were at least 60 people on death row in South Korea. The method of execution is hanging. However, there has been an informal moratorium on executions since President Kim Dae-jung took office in 1998. There have been no executions in the country since December 1997. History. Under the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897), capital punishment was a legal penalty; the Joseon penal code was based on that of Ming dynasty China, with the primary two methods of execution being beheading and strangulation, although lingering death by slow slicing (\"neungji-cheocham,\" 능지처참) was reserved for particularly serious offences, whereas execution by drinking poison (\"sasa,\" 사사) was a leniency granted to royalty and high-ranking officials. The purpose of executions was to cause reactions and stop crimes. Heads of executed people were displayed to the public both to serve as public warning and enforce military courtesy. However, bodies of executed people were allowed funeral proceedings. In contemporary history, the first execution law was established on March 25, 1895, by the Supreme Court of Judicature of Japan acting under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan. The first death sentence was given four days later, on March 29, 1895, to Jeon Bongjun, who was hanged on 24 April that year. Currently, the Penal Code of South Korea regulates executions as a form of punishment for some crimes according to the Criminal Law section 41.",
"Those crimes include: Rebellion (Section 87), Conspiracy with foreign countries (Section 92), homicide (Section 250), robbery-homicide (Section 338), and other 12 sections. People under 18 cannot be executed according to Juvenile Law (Section 59, Juvenile Law). Moratorium. In February 1998, then-president Kim Dae-jung enacted a moratorium on executions. This moratorium is still in effect as of 2024. Thus, executions in Korea are considered to be abolished de facto. The last executions took place in December 1997, when 23 people (each of whom had murdered at least 2 people) were put to death. However, there are still at least 60 people with a death sentence, as of 2013. In 2010, the Constitutional Court of Korea ruled that capital punishment did not violate \"human dignity and worth\" in the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. In a five-to-four decision, capital punishment was upheld as constitutional. Institutions such as Amnesty International considered this a 'major setback for South Korea'. Executions are still a matter of debate. People have called for executions for violent crimes, especially those involving rape of minors. A 2017 poll found younger South Koreans are more likely to support capital punishment than older ones. People in their 20s were the most supportive at 62.6 percent. According to a survey of 1,000 adults by the National Human Rights Commission of Korea in October 2018, 79.7% of the Korean citizens were supportive of the death penalty. When asked to select between life without parole and the death penalty, approximately 70% chose life imprisonment.",
"In 2021, Ipsos conducted a multinational online survey on capital punishment among 55 countries. The poll showed 74% of South Korea citizens favoring the death penalty, tied with Japan and more than any other of the surveyed countries, including the United States (67%). A sentence of death is made extinct after 30 years. In 2023, the government proposed a law to remove the extinction period in response to the case of Won, Korea's longest-serving death-row inmate, who was convicted of arson and manslaughter in November 1993 and whose sentence would otherwise have been revoked. Notable cases. Kang Ho-sun was convicted of kidnapping and killing eight women between 2006 and 2008, and of burning to death his wife and mother-in-law in 2005. Kang, 38, was arrested in January for the murder of a female college student and later confessed to killing and secretly burying seven other women. Other death row inmates include Yoo Young-chul and members of the Chijon family, a former gang of cannibals. In March 2010, in contrast to prior speculations, Minister Lee Kwi-nam hinted that the executions of death row inmates will resume, breaking the virtual 13-year moratorium. The remarks came a few days after Kim Kil-tae, who raped and murdered a 15-year-old schoolgirl, was convicted. However, this did not happen. In December 2010, Kim's death sentence was reduced to life imprisonment and the prosecutors did not appeal to the Supreme Court.",
"On August 27, 2015, the Supreme Court sentenced a man called 'Jang Jae-jin' to death for multiple murder and rape. On 27 November 2019, in the most recent case, a specially conducted jury trial, by a majority decision of 8–1, decided to sentence a 42-year-old man with schizophrenia named 'Ahn In-deuk' to death for committing mass arson and murder in a case which killed 5 people and injured 17 others in April of that same year. Although the man had schizophrenia, the Changwon District Court decided that he had shown a high level of premeditation and planning, as well as a lack of repentance from the defendant, his high possibility of reoffending and the tragedy he brought upon the victims and the five deceased's families. On February 19, 2016, the Supreme Court upheld the death sentence passed on a man known by the surname 'Lim', a 24-year-old army sergeant who killed five fellow soldiers and injured seven others in a shooting rampage near the border with North Korea in 2014. He became the 361st person on death row in South Korea. According to Yonhap, of the 361 people on death row, 45, including Lim, were soldiers. In June 2022, 53-year-old Kwon Jae-chan was sentenced to death for murdering two people, a woman in her fifties and a man in his forties.",
"In January 2023, the Daejeon High Court allowed the prosecution's appeal and sentenced a 28-year-old to death after being convicted of the murder a 42-year-old fellow inmate at Gongju Correctional Institution, where the 28-year-old unnamed convict was already serving a sentence of life imprisonment for a 2019 robbery-murder case involving the theft of 400 grams of gold and a sedan. The High Court found the district court's sentencing of the 28-year-old to a second life term was pointless and that the killer, having shown no reformation despite being awarded a life sentence for his first homicide, should be given the harsher penalty of death to deter any future violence within South Korean prisons. Notes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "358f7131-e164-4fd7-98d0-bf5522e53fcb",
"doc_name": "Capital punishment in South Korea",
"doc_chunk": " \nCapital punishment is a legal penalty in South Korea. As of December 2012, there were at least 60 people on death row in South Korea. The method of execution is hanging. However, there has been an informal moratorium on executions since President Kim Dae-jung took office in 1998. There have been no executions in the country since December 1997. History. Under the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897), capital punishment was a legal penalty; the Joseon penal code was based on that of Ming dynasty China, with the primary two methods of execution being beheading and strangulation, although lingering death by slow slicing (\"neungji-cheocham,\" 능지처참) was reserved for particularly serious offences, whereas execution by drinking poison (\"sasa,\" 사사) was a leniency granted to royalty and high-ranking officials. The purpose of executions was to cause reactions and stop crimes. Heads of executed people were displayed to the public both to serve as public warning and enforce military courtesy. However, bodies of executed people were allowed funeral proceedings. In contemporary history, the first execution law was established on March 25, 1895, by the Supreme Court of Judicature of Japan acting under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan. The first death sentence was given four days later, on March 29, 1895, to Jeon Bongjun, who was hanged on 24 April that year. Currently, the Penal Code of South Korea regulates executions as a form of punishment for some crimes according to the Criminal Law section 41.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | e7caa8c2-48fb-447a-ae16-c6641af8335d | what is meant by segmentation in image processing | Image segmentation | [
"the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=505717 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"e7caa8c2-48fb-447a-ae16-c6641af8335d",
"e7caa8c2-48fb-447a-ae16-c6641af8335d",
"e7caa8c2-48fb-447a-ae16-c6641af8335d",
"e7caa8c2-48fb-447a-ae16-c6641af8335d",
"e7caa8c2-48fb-447a-ae16-c6641af8335d"
],
"doc_name": [
"Image segmentation",
"Image segmentation",
"Image segmentation",
"Image segmentation",
"Image segmentation"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Partitioning a digital image into segments\nIn digital image processing and computer vision, image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple image segments, also known as image regions or image objects (sets of pixels). The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. Image segmentation is typically used to locate objects and boundaries (lines, curves, etc.) in images. More precisely, image segmentation is the process of assigning a label to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share certain characteristics. The result of image segmentation is a set of segments that collectively cover the entire image, or a set of contours extracted from the image (see edge detection). Each of the pixels in a region are similar with respect to some characteristic or computed property, such as color, intensity, or texture. Adjacent regions are significantly different color with respect to the same characteristic(s). When applied to a stack of images, typical in medical imaging, the resulting contours after image segmentation can be used to create 3D reconstructions with the help of geometry reconstruction algorithms like marching cubes. Applications. Some of the practical applications of image segmentation are:\nSeveral general-purpose algorithms and techniques have been developed for image segmentation. To be useful, these techniques must typically be combined with a domain's specific knowledge in order to effectively solve the domain's segmentation problems. Classes of segmentation techniques. There are two classes of segmentation techniques. Thresholding.",
"The simplest method of image segmentation is called the thresholding method. This method is based on a clip-level (or a threshold value) to turn a gray-scale image into a binary image. The key of this method is to select the threshold value (or values when multiple-levels are selected). Several popular methods are used in industry including the maximum entropy method, balanced histogram thresholding, Otsu's method (maximum variance), and k-means clustering. Recently, methods have been developed for thresholding computed tomography (CT) images. The key idea is that, unlike Otsu's method, the thresholds are derived from the radiographs instead of the (reconstructed) image. New methods suggested the usage of multi-dimensional fuzzy rule-based non-linear thresholds. In these works decision over each pixel's membership to a segment is based on multi-dimensional rules derived from fuzzy logic and evolutionary algorithms based on image lighting environment and application. Clustering methods. The K-means algorithm is an iterative technique that is used to partition an image into \"K\" clusters. The basic algorithm is\nIn this case, distance is the squared or absolute difference between a pixel and a cluster center. The difference is typically based on pixel color, intensity, texture, and location, or a weighted combination of these factors. \"K\" can be selected manually, randomly, or by a heuristic. This algorithm is guaranteed to converge, but it may not return the optimal solution. The quality of the solution depends on the initial set of clusters and the value of \"K\".",
"The Mean Shift algorithm is a technique that is used to partition an image into an unknown apriori number of clusters. This has the advantage of not having to start with an initial guess of such parameter which makes it a better general solution for more diverse cases. Motion and interactive segmentation. Motion based segmentation is a technique that relies on motion in the image to perform segmentation. The idea is simple: look at the differences between a pair of images. Assuming the object of interest is moving, the difference will be exactly that object. Improving on this idea, Kenney et al. proposed interactive segmentation . They use a robot to poke objects in order to generate the motion signal necessary for motion-based segmentation. Interactive segmentation follows the interactive perception framework proposed by Dov Katz and Oliver Brock . Another technique that is based on motion is rigid motion segmentation. Compression-based methods. Compression based methods postulate that the optimal segmentation is the one that minimizes, over all possible segmentations, the coding length of the data. The connection between these two concepts is that segmentation tries to find patterns in an image and any regularity in the image can be used to compress it. The method describes each segment by its texture and boundary shape. Each of these components is modeled by a probability distribution function and its coding length is computed as follows:\nFor any given segmentation of an image, this scheme yields the number of bits required to encode that image based on the given segmentation. Thus, among all possible segmentations of an image, the goal is to find the segmentation which produces the shortest coding length.",
"This can be achieved by a simple agglomerative clustering method. The distortion in the lossy compression determines the coarseness of the segmentation and its optimal value may differ for each image. This parameter can be estimated heuristically from the contrast of textures in an image. For example, when the textures in an image are similar, such as in camouflage images, stronger sensitivity and thus lower quantization is required. Histogram-based methods. Histogram-based methods are very efficient compared to other image segmentation methods because they typically require only one pass through the pixels. In this technique, a histogram is computed from all of the pixels in the image, and the peaks and valleys in the histogram are used to locate the clusters in the image. Color or intensity can be used as the measure. A refinement of this technique is to recursively apply the histogram-seeking method to clusters in the image in order to divide them into smaller clusters. This operation is repeated with smaller and smaller clusters until no more clusters are formed. One disadvantage of the histogram-seeking method is that it may be difficult to identify significant peaks and valleys in the image. Histogram-based approaches can also be quickly adapted to apply to multiple frames, while maintaining their single pass efficiency. The histogram can be done in multiple fashions when multiple frames are considered. The same approach that is taken with one frame can be applied to multiple, and after the results are merged, peaks and valleys that were previously difficult to identify are more likely to be distinguishable.",
"The histogram can also be applied on a per-pixel basis where the resulting information is used to determine the most frequent color for the pixel location. This approach segments based on active objects and a static environment, resulting in a different type of segmentation useful in video tracking. Edge detection. Edge detection is a well-developed field on its own within image processing. Region boundaries and edges are closely related,\nsince there is often a sharp adjustment in intensity at the region boundaries. Edge detection techniques have therefore been used as the base of another segmentation technique. The edges identified by edge detection are often disconnected. To segment an object from an image however, one needs closed region boundaries. The desired edges are the boundaries between such objects or spatial-taxons. Spatial-taxons are information granules, consisting of a crisp pixel region, stationed at abstraction levels within a hierarchical nested scene architecture. They are similar to the Gestalt psychological designation of figure-ground, but are extended to include foreground, object groups, objects and salient object parts. Edge detection methods can be applied to the spatial-taxon region, in the same manner they would be applied to a silhouette. This method is particularly useful when the disconnected edge is part of an illusory contour\nSegmentation methods can also be applied to edges obtained from edge detectors."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "e7caa8c2-48fb-447a-ae16-c6641af8335d",
"doc_name": "Image segmentation",
"doc_chunk": "Partitioning a digital image into segments\nIn digital image processing and computer vision, image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple image segments, also known as image regions or image objects (sets of pixels). The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. Image segmentation is typically used to locate objects and boundaries (lines, curves, etc.) in images. More precisely, image segmentation is the process of assigning a label to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share certain characteristics. The result of image segmentation is a set of segments that collectively cover the entire image, or a set of contours extracted from the image (see edge detection). Each of the pixels in a region are similar with respect to some characteristic or computed property, such as color, intensity, or texture. Adjacent regions are significantly different color with respect to the same characteristic(s). When applied to a stack of images, typical in medical imaging, the resulting contours after image segmentation can be used to create 3D reconstructions with the help of geometry reconstruction algorithms like marching cubes. Applications. Some of the practical applications of image segmentation are:\nSeveral general-purpose algorithms and techniques have been developed for image segmentation. To be useful, these techniques must typically be combined with a domain's specific knowledge in order to effectively solve the domain's segmentation problems. Classes of segmentation techniques. There are two classes of segmentation techniques. Thresholding.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 63a37092-fc9d-4c24-95a2-8e14187ec1b2 | who owns the golden lamb in lebanon ohio | Golden Lamb Inn | [
"Portman Family of Ohio"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1068054 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"63a37092-fc9d-4c24-95a2-8e14187ec1b2",
"63a37092-fc9d-4c24-95a2-8e14187ec1b2",
"63a37092-fc9d-4c24-95a2-8e14187ec1b2",
"63a37092-fc9d-4c24-95a2-8e14187ec1b2",
"63a37092-fc9d-4c24-95a2-8e14187ec1b2"
],
"doc_name": [
"Golden Lamb Inn",
"Golden Lamb Inn",
"Lamb",
"LaMB",
"LaMB"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"The Golden Lamb Inn is the oldest hotel in Ohio, having been established in the Warren County seat of Lebanon in 1803. The present four-story structure is built around the 1815 rebuilding of the inn, maintaining its colonial architecture. It is known as the Golden Lamb because that image appeared on its signboard for the benefit of the illiterate. At various times it has been known as the Ownly Hotel, the Bradley House, the Lebanon House, and the Stubbs House. On January 12, 1978, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Golden Lamb. Famous guests. Because of Lebanon's position on the highway between Cincinnati and Columbus, many notables have visited the inn. The Golden Lamb has been visited by twelve American Presidents: William Henry Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, Warren G. Harding, William Howard Taft, Ronald Reagan, and George W. Bush. Other famous guests to visit the Golden Lamb include Charles Dickens, Mark Twain, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Daniel Webster, Thomas Corwin, Clement Vallandigham (who infamously shot and killed himself accidentally in his hotel room at the Golden Lamb, while attempting to prove that a man, whom his client was accused of shooting, shot himself accidentally), Cordell Hull secretary of state for President Franklin D. Roosevelt (who went to school in Lebanon at the National Normal University), Robert A. Taft, Dewitt Clinton, and Lord Stanley, who later became prime minister of the United Kingdom.",
"More recently, on September 8, 2008 Republican presidential and vice-presidential candidates senator John McCain and Alaska governor Sarah Palin spoke at the Golden Lamb. Owners. In 1926, Robert Jones, grandfather of Senator Rob Portman and husband of Virginia Kunkle leased the Golden Lamb. In 1927, he refurbished it and redecorated it with Shaker furniture. In 1969, Mr. and Mrs. Jones leased the Golden Lamb to the Comisar family, who owned and operated the now defunct five-star Maisonette restaurant in Cincinnati. The Golden Lamb Restaurant & Hotel continues to be owned by the Portman Family of Ohio. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Lamb or The Lamb may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .",
"LaMB is a 2009 Singaporean-Japanese animated film directed by Ryosuke Tei based on a script written by Carmelo S. J. Juinio and illustrated by Yasufumi Soejima, produced by Animax. The film tells the story of a futuristic inhabited planet that has seemingly perfected a system of justice and imprisonment, called \"Lamination\". Individuals convicted of serious crimes are encased in laminated suits, which results in virtual slavery. The criminals are referred to as \"LaMBs\". The protagonists struggle with the political and ethical system of laminated imprisonment, leading to the eventual development of a romantic relationship between a free citizen and a LaMB. It is the first Animax original production that provided two different songs for the opening and ending themes of the movie, featuring the music of Simple Plan and The Click Five. Plot summary. \"LaMB\" takes place in the distant future on a desert planet called Cerra. The story features a prison system, in which prisoners are sealed in personal containment systems known as \"laminated suits\" and used for labor. Prisoners go through a \"Lamination\" process, where they are fitted with cybernetic, laminated skin-tight suits. In these suits, they can move around and completed work assignments that cannot be done by machine or robots. Law-abiding citizens are protected, while the criminals become members of society in a futuristic prison system. This process ensures that convicted criminals remain productive members in a system of virtual slavery. The story encompasses the dichotomy between the theory and practice of a futuristic society's justice system.",
"The lamination process and system of virtual slavery has made both jails and the death penalty obsolete in a world where human ingenuity, creativity, and labor continue to be precious commodities that cannot be replaced by robots or any form of artificial intelligence. The system also sparks off philosophical debates among citizens presenting pros and cons of the ethical feasibility of \"Lamination\". The story follows protagonists Sara Integra and Jack Griswold's struggle against Cerra's system of imprisonment. Major Sara Integra is a former weapons specialist in bio-weapons division. While she was on a military assignment, innocent lives were lost during an experiment gone wrong. She was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 200 years encased in a laminated suit. Sara forever became known as Eve, or Eve1135. When she became a LaMB, Eve was assigned a Shepherd. Shepherds control the actions and movement of the LaMBs. Included among the laws of society are that LaMBs must only act upon instructions of their Shepherds. While LaMBs can hear others, they cannot speak, nor can they touch another human being unless ordered by their Shepherd. Dr. Jack Griswold was assigned to be Eve's Shepherd. Griswold is a scientist from another planet, specializing in advanced botanical engineering. He has been assigned the task to restore vegetation to the dry, desert planet. Among Griswold's superiors is Keiko Suzuki, Chief Scientific Advisor specializing in biophysics, and Sara Integra's niece."
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "63a37092-fc9d-4c24-95a2-8e14187ec1b2",
"doc_name": "Golden Lamb Inn",
"doc_chunk": "More recently, on September 8, 2008 Republican presidential and vice-presidential candidates senator John McCain and Alaska governor Sarah Palin spoke at the Golden Lamb. Owners. In 1926, Robert Jones, grandfather of Senator Rob Portman and husband of Virginia Kunkle leased the Golden Lamb. In 1927, he refurbished it and redecorated it with Shaker furniture. In 1969, Mr. and Mrs. Jones leased the Golden Lamb to the Comisar family, who owned and operated the now defunct five-star Maisonette restaurant in Cincinnati. The Golden Lamb Restaurant & Hotel continues to be owned by the Portman Family of Ohio. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 446e81af-6e8a-42d2-8216-21ba494d0be6 | where does the last name roybal come from | Roybal | [
"the municipality of Moraña —Galicia (Spain)"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7860242 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"446e81af-6e8a-42d2-8216-21ba494d0be6",
"446e81af-6e8a-42d2-8216-21ba494d0be6",
"446e81af-6e8a-42d2-8216-21ba494d0be6",
"446e81af-6e8a-42d2-8216-21ba494d0be6",
"446e81af-6e8a-42d2-8216-21ba494d0be6"
],
"doc_name": [
"Roybal",
"Brody Roybal",
"Antonio Roybal",
"Antonio Roybal",
"Josefa Roybal"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Roibal, also spelled Roybal and Ruibal, is a Galician surname, later introduced into the Americas. It has its origin in the hamlet of \"Ruibal\", in the municipality of Moraña, Galicia, Spain where 3% of the inhabitants are surnamed \"Ruibal\". In Galicia, the surname is in use at least since the 14th century. History. In the Americas, the name first appears in documents dating to around 1675. One of the first recorded instances is that of Ignacio Roibal, a soldier who traveled with Don Diego de Vargas to reconquer the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico from the Native Americans after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Fray Angélico Chávez, a New Mexico historian, is also a descendant of the New Mexico Roibal lineage and was one of the first to trace it. Many Roibals (Roybals) trace their ancestry to the New Mexico cities of Santa Fe, Pojoaque, El Rancho, Jacona, to the San Ildefonso Pueblo, where it is shared by Native Americans, and to the historical area of Cuyumungue. Sources. Notes and references. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"American sledge hockey player\nBrody Roybal (born May 25, 1998) is an American ice sled hockey player. Early life and career. Roybal was born in Melrose Park, Illinois. He is a congenital amputee, missing both legs through the hip joint, meaning he has no leg stumps. He won a gold medal with the American team at the 2014, 2018 and 2022 Winter Paralympics. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"American painter and sculptor\nAntonio Roybal (born October 1, 1976) is an American fine-art painter and sculptor from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Early life. Antonio is the son of David and Aggie Roybal, born in Santa Fe but raised in Southern California. He lived in San Diego during the earliest years of his childhood. He has three sisters. One of his sisters is also a painter, and two of his sisters are completely deaf. His Northern New Mexican ancestry can be traced back eleven generations. His father is a mathematician and computer scientist who has worked on many weapons projects at laboratories including White Sands Missile Range and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Roybal studied fine art at The Colorado Institute of Art. He apprenticed with French artist Jean-Claude Gaugy and lived and studied with Austrian artist Ernst Fuchs. His debut show was in Payerbach, Austria in 2000. Paintings. Roybal's work is inspired by Northern Renaissance Art and early Mannerism. His influences are numerous, including Jan van Eyck, El Greco, and Hieronymus Bosch. Contemporary influences include Ernst Fuchs, Remedios Varo, and Mark Ryden. Roybal's painting technique is modeled after Jan van Eyck and his followers. His work has gained greater prominence beginning in 2002 with the distinguished honor of being named one of the top 100 contemporary Hispanic artists by The National Hispanic Cultural Center. In 2006, he participated in a group show titled “Life and Liberty After 9-11” at The Las Cruces Museum of Art.",
"Stylistically his work mixes religion, metaphysics, modern symbols such as toys and televisions with elongated stylized figures. His subject matter is influenced by Carl Jung’s work on archetypes and esoteric traditions including alchemy and metaphysics. He recently had a major show at The Albuquerque Museum of Art and also began showing at La Luz de Jesus Gallery on Hollywood Blvd. in Los Angeles, California. Personal life. Roybal currently lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Native American artist\nJosefa Roybal (dates unknown) sometimes known as Josephine or Josepha, was a 20th-century Native American artist, a San Ildefonso Pueblo painter and potter. According to one source, she \"most likely was born between 1900 and 1905 and most likely died before 1960.\" Life. Roybal was born in northern New Mexico into a family of Native American artists, notably including the artist Awa Tsireh (also known as Alfonso Roybal). According to Adobe Gallery (which cites the work of Gregory Schaaf), Josefa was the daughter of Alfonsita Martinez and Juan Esteban Roybal; sister of Awa Tsireh (1898–1955), Santana Roybal Martinez (1909-2002), Lupita Roybal, Manuelita Johnson Roybal and painter Raphael Roybal. Her father was the nephew of potter Cresencio Martinez. Her nephew, José Disiderio (J.D.) Roybal, also became a noted painter. Her \"maternal grandfather, was a full-blooded Diné of the Navajo Nation, who had been adopted as an infant into the pueblo.\" Josefa was \"one of the few female Pueblo painters in the first years of the movement\" but she did not receive the attention lavished on her brother because the artistic community at that time was dominated by male artists. (Since then, more attention has been paid to the female artists of San Ildefonso Pueblo.) She sometimes signed her work with an Anglicized version of her name, Josephine, as a convenience for non-Navajo speakers."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "446e81af-6e8a-42d2-8216-21ba494d0be6",
"doc_name": "Roybal",
"doc_chunk": "Roibal, also spelled Roybal and Ruibal, is a Galician surname, later introduced into the Americas. It has its origin in the hamlet of \"Ruibal\", in the municipality of Moraña, Galicia, Spain where 3% of the inhabitants are surnamed \"Ruibal\". In Galicia, the surname is in use at least since the 14th century. History. In the Americas, the name first appears in documents dating to around 1675. One of the first recorded instances is that of Ignacio Roibal, a soldier who traveled with Don Diego de Vargas to reconquer the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico from the Native Americans after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Fray Angélico Chávez, a New Mexico historian, is also a descendant of the New Mexico Roibal lineage and was one of the first to trace it. Many Roibals (Roybals) trace their ancestry to the New Mexico cities of Santa Fe, Pojoaque, El Rancho, Jacona, to the San Ildefonso Pueblo, where it is shared by Native Americans, and to the historical area of Cuyumungue. Sources. Notes and references. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 6af02871-12c6-43fe-8580-7ea0c96125ad | who sings timber i'm falling in love | Timber, I'm Falling in Love | [
"Patty Loveless"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12385803 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"6af02871-12c6-43fe-8580-7ea0c96125ad",
"6af02871-12c6-43fe-8580-7ea0c96125ad",
"6af02871-12c6-43fe-8580-7ea0c96125ad",
"6af02871-12c6-43fe-8580-7ea0c96125ad",
"6af02871-12c6-43fe-8580-7ea0c96125ad"
],
"doc_name": [
"Timber, I'm Falling in Love",
"I'm Falling",
"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love",
"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love",
"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"\"Timber, I'm Falling in Love\" is a song written by Kostas, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless. It was released in May 1989 as the third single from her album \"Honky Tonk Angel\". Background. \"Timber, I'm Falling in Love\" was Loveless' first No. 1 record on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart. The song charted for 18 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart, reaching the top of the chart during the week of August 12, 1989. Vince Gill provides background vocals. The song appears in the movie A Few Good Men in the seafood restaurant scene. This song was covered on the fourth season of \"The Voice\" by winner Danielle Bradbery in a duet with her coach, Blake Shelton. Sources. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"\"I'm Falling\" is a song by Scottish band the Bluebells, from their debut album \"Sisters\". Released as a single in 1984, it became their first top 20 hit, peaking at No. 11 on the UK Singles Chart and spending a total of 15 weeks on the chart. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"2024 single by Coldplay\n\"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love\" (stylised in all lowercase, without spaces in-between) is a song by British rock band Coldplay, from their upcoming tenth studio album, \"Moon Music\". It was released on 21 June 2024, through Parlophone in the United Kingdom and Atlantic Records in the United States, as the record's lead single. Background and composition. On 13 June 2024, Coldplay announced through their social media profiles that the song will be released on 21 June. The song was written by the band members and produced by Max Martin, Oscar Holter, Bill Rahko, Daniel Green and Michael Ilbert. It also samples \"Funeral Singers\", as performed by Sylvan Esso and written by Tim Rutili. Critical reception. \"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Andrew Unterberger from \"Billboard\" described the song as \"Coldplay generally doing what they do best: love songs with moody verses and blood-rush choruses that you can remember after a single listen\". \"Stereogum\"'s Chris DeVille commented that \"Despite the involvement of a pop mastermind like Max Martin, who also worked on 2021's crossover-minded \"Music of the Spheres\", [it] comes off a bit more like mid-2000s imperial Coldplay with a bit more sparkle\". Writing for \"Uproxx\", Derrick Rossignol praised the track as \"a lush and uplifting number\".",
"In August 2024, the song was nominated for Best Rock Video and Video for Good at the MTV Video Music Awards. Music video. <mapframe width=230 height=230 zoom=16 latitude=60.1662 longitude=24.9415 text=\"Route scheme of the blue character in the music video of Zerb's remix. \">\n \"type\": \"ExternalData\",\n \"service\": \"page\",\n \"title\": \"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love (Zerb's remix).map\"\n</mapframe>\nThe music video for \"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love\" was shot at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus in Athens, Greece. Local publications claimed that it had a budget of €3 million, ranking among the most expensive music videos of all time. Footage was directed by Ben Mor and released on 1 July 2024. It included Natasha Ofili and the Coro de Manos Blancas joining Coldplay to perform the song in sign language. July is celebrated as Disability Pride Month. An animated lyric video produced by 15 different artists came out on 22 July. The song's Zerb remix has a video as well, filmed in the streets of Helsinki and released on 2 August. Live performances. On 16 June 2024, during the Music of the Spheres World Tour in Budapest, the band performed \"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love\" for the first time ever in public.",
"The band also performed the song at the Glastonbury Festival in Pilton, Somerset on 29 June 2024. Track listing. Digital single\nDigital (Zerb x Coldplay)\nCharts. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "6af02871-12c6-43fe-8580-7ea0c96125ad",
"doc_name": "Timber, I'm Falling in Love",
"doc_chunk": "\"Timber, I'm Falling in Love\" is a song written by Kostas, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless. It was released in May 1989 as the third single from her album \"Honky Tonk Angel\". Background. \"Timber, I'm Falling in Love\" was Loveless' first No. 1 record on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart. The song charted for 18 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart, reaching the top of the chart during the week of August 12, 1989. Vince Gill provides background vocals. The song appears in the movie A Few Good Men in the seafood restaurant scene. This song was covered on the fourth season of \"The Voice\" by winner Danielle Bradbery in a duet with her coach, Blake Shelton. Sources. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 2814043b-db5e-4cd1-8a42-6138c4cb29fb | what does tmz stand for on the tv show | TMZ | [
"thirty-mile zone"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6213422 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"2814043b-db5e-4cd1-8a42-6138c4cb29fb",
"2814043b-db5e-4cd1-8a42-6138c4cb29fb",
"2814043b-db5e-4cd1-8a42-6138c4cb29fb",
"2814043b-db5e-4cd1-8a42-6138c4cb29fb",
"2814043b-db5e-4cd1-8a42-6138c4cb29fb"
],
"doc_name": [
"TMZ",
"TMZ",
"TMZ",
"TMZ",
"TMZ"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"American celebrity tabloid news website based in Los Angeles\nTMZ is a tabloid news organization owned by Fox Corporation. It made its debut on November 8, 2005, as a collaboration between AOL and Telepictures, a division of Warner Bros., until Time Warner divested AOL in 2009. On September 13, 2021, Fox Corporation acquired TMZ from WarnerMedia for $50 million. The name \"TMZ\" is derived from the acronym for \"thirty-mile zone\" that was historically used in the film and television industry to refer to the so-called \"studio zone\"—an area with a radius centered on the intersection of Beverly Boulevard and La Cienega Boulevard in Los Angeles, California. It was called the studio zone because of the number of film and television studios within it. TMZ's managing editor is Harvey Levin, a lawyer-turned-journalist who was previously a legal expert for the Los Angeles television station KCBS-TV. While the TMZ website claims that it does not pay writers for stories or interviews, Levin has acknowledged that TMZ does \"sometimes pay sources for leads on stories\". Development. Three months before TMZ's official launch, America Online (AOL) had indicated its intention to create a Hollywood and entertainment-focused news site in collaboration with Telepictures Productions. During this pre-launch period, AOL expressed interest in establishing a website with a primary emphasis on celebrities. Upon the site's official launch, AOL confirmed that it would predominantly showcase Hollywood gossip, encompassing interviews, photos, and video content featuring celebrities.",
"Additionally, the platform would provide information related to industry news, covering movies, television shows, and more. The site was described as \"an effort to further feed the current American obsession with celebrities\". Mike Shields of MediaWeek.com wrote, \"the site also boasts of an expansive collection of archived star photos and videos\", allowing fans to \"trace changing hairlines and waistlines of their favorites performers over the years\". Company synopsis. Since 2005, TMZ has signed New Line Cinema, Hilton Hotels, Chrysler and Revlon as charter advertisers to their website. \"The New York Times\" cited TMZ as \"one of the most successful online ventures of the last few years.\" In October 2008, the \"New York Times\" reported that TMZ, at the time, was receiving more than 10 million viewers every month. Levin has acknowledged that TMZ has passed on multiple notable coverages because he felt that, while the stories are true, he questioned how the sources obtained their information. Levin has acknowledged that TMZ pays sources, but in the form of a \"tip fee\". Levin stated that TMZ pays for photos and for 'tips' or leads on stories, and defended TMZ's position by stating that the sources and tips are verified before being used or reported. In November 2009, TMZ's revenue was publicly disclosed for the first time.",
"Telepictures (which TMZ is operated by) stated: \"Subject to certain performance adjustments and the reimbursement of expenses, revenues are split evenly between the parties [...] Telepictures received payments of US$6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, and US$12.7 million, US$9.6 million and US$3.0 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.\" Based on released figures, TMZ's revenues for 2008 was US$25.4 million and is projected to have less revenue in the 2009 year with the revenue of $12.4 million in first three quarters of the year—unlike the previous year, which was within the US$15 million range. On May 29, 2012, co-founder Jim Paratore died of a heart attack during a cycling trip in France. Paratore was known for his work in television production, producing several daytime and syndicated programs, particularly while serving as an executive at Telepictures (which co-produced the website's companion syndicated television series). Legal issues. Contempt-of-court motion. On June 20, 2007, a court-appointed bankruptcy trustee filed an emergency motion requesting that the TMZ website be held in contempt for its publication of the entire manuscript of \"If I Did It\", O. J. Simpson's purportedly fictionalized account of the murder of Ron Goldman and Nicole Brown Simpson. The filing claimed TMZ's posting of the PDF of the entire book has \"diminished or destroyed\" its value.",
"Photographer altercation. While actor Woody Harrelson was at New York City's LaGuardia Airport, he had an altercation with a photographer for TMZ. Harrelson defended himself stating that he had at the time just finished filming his scenes from the horror film, that consists mainly of zombies, \"Zombieland\", and that he was \"startled\" by the TMZ photographer. \"I wrapped a movie called Zombieland, in which I was constantly under assault by zombies, then flew to New York, still very much in character ... With my daughter at the airport I was startled by a paparazzo, who I quite understandably mistook for a zombie.\" Temporary block in the UK. On December 24, 2010, the gossip blog \"Oh No They Didn't\" reported that TMZ began blocking traffic from the UK, displaying the message: \"Due to laws within your region, you are unable to view this website.\" Asked for further comment, TMZ responded that the blocking was due to \"legal restrictions\" related to English defamation law. The UK website \"Popbitch Board\" noted on December 31, 2010, that it is possible to get around the block by accessing the website through the Google Translate website. As of January 7, 2011, TMZ is accessible in the UK. Branches. \"TMZ Live\".",
"\"TMZ Live\" is a live-chat program from TMZ that features Levin and fellow TMZ executive producer Charles Latibeaudiere, and occasionally senior producer Michael Babcock filling in for one or both hosts. Other TMZ staffers (mainly those who regularly appear on \"TMZ on TV\") also appear on the broadcast as contributors to provide additional outline of the story as well as to provide opinion. The live webcast takes place at the TMZ offices in Los Angeles, and is broadcast on TMZ.com Monday through Fridays from approximately 1:30 to 3:00 p.m. Eastern Time (the length varies depending on the featured segments). The \"TMZ Live\" television and Internet programs review stories that TMZ is covering on the website, and at times, features live interviews (most of which are conducted through webcam conferencing) as well as viewer opinions via Twitter, telephone and video chat (including Skype). In addition, the program features regular segments towards the end of each edition: \"Viewer's Choice\" (aired as the penultimate segment) featuring viewer questions or comments about stories featured in the broadcast, with additional commentary or analysis by the hosts."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "2814043b-db5e-4cd1-8a42-6138c4cb29fb",
"doc_name": "TMZ",
"doc_chunk": "American celebrity tabloid news website based in Los Angeles\nTMZ is a tabloid news organization owned by Fox Corporation. It made its debut on November 8, 2005, as a collaboration between AOL and Telepictures, a division of Warner Bros., until Time Warner divested AOL in 2009. On September 13, 2021, Fox Corporation acquired TMZ from WarnerMedia for $50 million. The name \"TMZ\" is derived from the acronym for \"thirty-mile zone\" that was historically used in the film and television industry to refer to the so-called \"studio zone\"—an area with a radius centered on the intersection of Beverly Boulevard and La Cienega Boulevard in Los Angeles, California. It was called the studio zone because of the number of film and television studios within it. TMZ's managing editor is Harvey Levin, a lawyer-turned-journalist who was previously a legal expert for the Los Angeles television station KCBS-TV. While the TMZ website claims that it does not pay writers for stories or interviews, Levin has acknowledged that TMZ does \"sometimes pay sources for leads on stories\". Development. Three months before TMZ's official launch, America Online (AOL) had indicated its intention to create a Hollywood and entertainment-focused news site in collaboration with Telepictures Productions. During this pre-launch period, AOL expressed interest in establishing a website with a primary emphasis on celebrities. Upon the site's official launch, AOL confirmed that it would predominantly showcase Hollywood gossip, encompassing interviews, photos, and video content featuring celebrities.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | f8d429ce-ef4a-4333-81fa-a4e329a62c97 | when was the federal bureau of narcotics (now the dea) established | Federal Bureau of Narcotics | [
"June 14, 1930"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1773822 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"f8d429ce-ef4a-4333-81fa-a4e329a62c97",
"f8d429ce-ef4a-4333-81fa-a4e329a62c97",
"f8d429ce-ef4a-4333-81fa-a4e329a62c97",
"f8d429ce-ef4a-4333-81fa-a4e329a62c97",
"f8d429ce-ef4a-4333-81fa-a4e329a62c97"
],
"doc_name": [
"Federal Bureau of Narcotics",
"Federal Bureau of Narcotics",
"Federal Bureau of Narcotics",
"Federal Bureau of Narcotics",
"Federal Bureau of Narcotics"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Defunct agency of the US Department of the Treasury\nThe Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) was an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury, with the enumerated powers of pursuing crimes related to the possession, distribution, and trafficking of listed narcotics including cannabis, opium, cocaine, and their derivatives. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the FBN carried out operations and missions around the world. The bureau was in existence from its establishment in 1930 until its dissolution in 1968. FBN is considered a predecessor to the Drug Enforcement Administration. History. The FBN was established on June 14, 1930, consolidating the functions of the Federal Narcotics Control Board and the Bureau of Prohibition (BOI) Narcotic Division. These preceding bureaus were established to assume enforcement responsibilities assigned to the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914 and the Jones–Miller Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act of 1922. Levi Nutt. The Federal Bureau of Narcotics was the brainchild of Colonel Levi G. Nutt, who had for two decades been the head of the Bureau of Prohibition Narcotics Division. In June of 1930, Nutt was appointed by President Hoover to be the first Commissioner of Narcotics. He was a registered pharmacist, and led the Division to the arrest of tens of thousands of drug addicts and dealers in the Prohibition era. However, Nutt was hit with a scandal that rocked him. In February 1930, after the investigation was concluded, a grand jury found no criminal impairment of Narcotics Division activities, but the flak was too much for the government.",
"In March 1930, Nutt was demoted to Field Supervisor. In September, his duties were passed on to Harry J. Anslinger, the future Commissioner of the FBN. Harry Anslinger. Harry J. Anslinger was the \"personification of the antinarcotic regime,\" and ran the bureau for the majority of its existence. He had been the Assistant Commissioner of the Bureau of Prohibition and took over the Bureau's Narcotic Division in 1929. With the establishment of the FBN a year later, Anslinger was appointed the first Narcotics Commissioner of the United States by Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon. Under Anslinger, the FBN lobbied for harsh penalties for drug usage. He had little regard for addicts, saying once: \"The best cure for addiction? Never let it happen.\" This problematic slogan is similar to the phrase \"just say no.\" He is also quoted as saying: \"We intend to get the killer-pushers and their willing customers out of selling and buying drugs... The answer to the problem is simple—get rid of drugs, pushers and users. Period.\" This approach treated all users equally, and did not differentiate casual usage from clinically defined addiction. According to Anslinger, all usage of narcotics was a criminal act. The Drug War. The FBN is credited for criminalizing drugs such as marijuana with the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, as well as strengthening the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914. Even so, the main focus of the FBN was fighting opium and heroin smuggling.",
"One instance against opium was the Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942. Malachi Harney, Assistant Commissioner of the FBN, wrote in an article for the University of California Press on the enumerated powers of the agency:\n\"It should be borne in mind that the Bureau are confined to a rather narrow range of specifically enumerated drugs. These are opium... alkaloids and derivatives of opium (including such products as morphine, heroin, codine, dilaudid), and semisynthetic derivatives of opium... wholly synthetic substances... opiates... the coca leaf and its derivatives (cocaine)... marihuana... cannabis... The Federal Bureau of Narcotics \"does not\" have responsibilities in connection with many other chemicals generally described as dangerous drugs such as... barbiturates, amphetamines, tranquilizers... hallucinogens...\"In this article, Harney defined marijuana as being the ground substance of the plant called cannabis. Marijuana was not originally intended by the agency as a word to refer to the cannabis plant. Billie Holiday. FBN Special Agent George Hunter White arrested jazz singer Billie Holiday at the Mark Twin Hotel in San Francisco. At a conference of the DEA in 2014, historian John C. McWilliams presented the evidence that White consumed most of the narcotics he was pursuing. He was most likely high when he arrested Holiday for possession. Years later, in 1959, Holiday died in police custody, handcuffed to a hospital bed and surrounded by FBN agents.",
"The agents did not allow her to see family or friends, and denied her doctors from administering methodone. World War II and the OSS. When World War II broke out in Europe in 1939, William J. Donovan, Millard Preston Goodfellow, and David K. E. Bruce requested a list of names from Commissioner Anslinger to use in the effort against the Axis powers in their new wartime intelligence agency - what was at that time called the Office of the Coordinator of Information (COI), the direct precursor to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), and what would eventually become the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). FBN special agents that were loaned to special duty at COI/OSS include George Hunter White and Garland H. Williams, among others. These men were sent to attend training at a British Special Operations Executive training camp outside of Toronto, Canada, called Camp X. White is quoted as calling this the \"school of mayhem and murder.\" In the Spring of that year, White became one of the cadre of instructors at the COI schoolhouses in Washington, D.C. under the command of his FBN Supervisor and COI Training Director Garland H. Williams, where he taught counterintelligence to hundreds of would-be and hopeful undercover operatives and guerrilla warfighters. Those operatives and operators who were successful were then deployed all around the world to fight the Axis powers.",
"Another effort that OSS and the FBN undertook during the war was the pursuit of the Nazi \"truth drug,\" or \"T drug,\" and the two agencies collaborated in experiments on unwitting American citizens to see the effects of certain narcotics. These experiments primarily targeted gangsters, pimps, prostitutes, and other \"undesirable\" classes of American citizens. FBN agents would dose their targets with narcotics against their knowledge, and document what would happen over the course of several months to years. These experiments would eventually become a part of Operation Midnight Climax, part of the umbrella MKUltra program, managed by FBN special agent George Hunter White and CIA chemist Sidney Gottlieb. These experiments lasted into the 1960s, and are allegedly responsible for the death of Frank Olson. The French Connection. In 1934, an FBN field report indicated that heroin in New York was being distributed from Corsica. The \"connection\" refers to the relationship between the Corsican Brotherhood and the Sicilian Mafia. The FBN was the major American federal law enforcement agency responsible for uncovering the networks of the French Connection. By the 1950s and 1960s, over 80 percent of all heroin consumed in the United States was originated in Southern France, distributed by the Unione Corse. These drugs were shipped to the USA through Cuba. FBN agents were routinely sent to Cuba during the 50s, and FBN undercover operative Jacques Voignier was stationed in Cuba with the dual assignment to gather information for the CIA on an unknown Cuban operator named Fidel Castro. Lucky Luciano."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "f8d429ce-ef4a-4333-81fa-a4e329a62c97",
"doc_name": "Federal Bureau of Narcotics",
"doc_chunk": "Defunct agency of the US Department of the Treasury\nThe Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) was an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury, with the enumerated powers of pursuing crimes related to the possession, distribution, and trafficking of listed narcotics including cannabis, opium, cocaine, and their derivatives. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the FBN carried out operations and missions around the world. The bureau was in existence from its establishment in 1930 until its dissolution in 1968. FBN is considered a predecessor to the Drug Enforcement Administration. History. The FBN was established on June 14, 1930, consolidating the functions of the Federal Narcotics Control Board and the Bureau of Prohibition (BOI) Narcotic Division. These preceding bureaus were established to assume enforcement responsibilities assigned to the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914 and the Jones–Miller Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act of 1922. Levi Nutt. The Federal Bureau of Narcotics was the brainchild of Colonel Levi G. Nutt, who had for two decades been the head of the Bureau of Prohibition Narcotics Division. In June of 1930, Nutt was appointed by President Hoover to be the first Commissioner of Narcotics. He was a registered pharmacist, and led the Division to the arrest of tens of thousands of drug addicts and dealers in the Prohibition era. However, Nutt was hit with a scandal that rocked him. In February 1930, after the investigation was concluded, a grand jury found no criminal impairment of Narcotics Division activities, but the flak was too much for the government.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 9771eed2-02ed-4f5d-9c23-43e8a1e9e6df | most points by nhl player in one game | List of players with eight or more points in an NHL game | [
"Darryl Sittler"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16385079 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"9771eed2-02ed-4f5d-9c23-43e8a1e9e6df",
"9771eed2-02ed-4f5d-9c23-43e8a1e9e6df",
"9771eed2-02ed-4f5d-9c23-43e8a1e9e6df",
"9771eed2-02ed-4f5d-9c23-43e8a1e9e6df",
"9771eed2-02ed-4f5d-9c23-43e8a1e9e6df"
],
"doc_name": [
"List of players with eight or more points in an NHL game",
"List of players with five or more goals in an NHL game",
"List of players with five or more goals in an NHL game",
"List of players with five or more goals in an NHL game",
"List of NHL players with 1,000 points"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"This is a list of players who have scored eight or more points in a National Hockey League game. Scoring eight or more points in a single game is considered a great feat and has happened only 16 times, by 13 players. Only one player, Darryl Sittler, scored more than eight points in a game, setting the NHL record with 10 while playing for the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1976. Paul Coffey and Tom Bladon are the only defensemen to have scored eight points. The feat of scoring eight points in a game was mostly achieved in the 1980s, with 10 out of the 16 instances happening in that decade. Mario Lemieux has the most games with at least eight points, scoring eight points in three separate games (in one season). Wayne Gretzky is the only other player to attain the feat more than once (twice, in one season). The most recent player to do so was Sam Gagner of the Edmonton Oilers, who scored eight points against the Chicago Blackhawks on 2 February 2012; Gagner's 8-point night was also the first 8-point game for a player since the 1980s. Scorers. <templatestyles src=\"Legend/styles.css\" /> Player is still active in the NHL\n<templatestyles src=\"Legend/styles.css\" /> Player scored eight points in a playoff game",
"This is a list of players who have scored five or more goals in a National Hockey League (NHL) game. Scoring five or more goals in a single game is considered a great feat, as it has only been accomplished 64 times, by 48 players, in the history of the league. The first player to do so was Joe Malone, with the Montreal Canadiens, in the first NHL game, on December 19, 1917. The most recent player to do so was Tage Thompson, with the Buffalo Sabres, in the 105th NHL season of play, on December 7, 2022. In addition to being first, Joe Malone holds the overall record with five five-or-more goal games, including the NHL record seven goals in a game, as well as a six-goal game and three five-goal games – all in the first three seasons of the NHL's existence. He is also the only player to record a five-goal game with more than one team, accomplishing his first three with the Montreal Canadiens and his last two with the Quebec Bulldogs. Overall, seven players have scored six goals in a game—including brothers Corb and Cy Denneny, with different teams, within a few weeks of each other in 1921. A total of 41 individual players have scored exactly five goals in a game, on one or more occasion. While five-goal games continue to occur from time to time, no player has scored six or more goals since Darryl Sittler scored six in February 1976. Only eight players have multiple five-goal games.",
"After Malone achieving the mark five times, both Wayne Gretzky and Mario Lemieux attained the mark four times, Newsy Lalonde did it three times, while four other players have had two five-goal games. Of the eight players with multiple five-goal games, only two have achieved the feat multiple times in a single season: Malone (3 times in 1917–18, twice in 1919–20) and Sittler (twice in 1975–76). Gretzky (early and late 1981) and Maurice Richard (early and late 1944) had two five-goal games in the same calendar year, across two NHL seasons. Ian Turnbull is the only defenseman who has scored five goals in a game, doing so in February 1977. Mario Lemieux is the only player in history to achieve a five-goal game by scoring in five different ways – on December 31, 1988, he scored an even-strength goal, a power-play goal, a short-handed goal, a penalty shot goal and an empty net goal against the New Jersey Devils. Wayne Gretzky's second five-goal game, in December 1981, also marked his achievement of the NHL's fastest 50 goals in 50 games, when he scored five goals in his 39th game of the season. Of the 63 five-goal games, five were playoff games. The Montreal Canadiens have had the highest number of players, 9, and the highest number of occurrences, 14, of a five-goal game.",
"The Toronto St. Patricks/Toronto Maple Leafs are second in both categories, with 7 players scoring a five-goal game, on 9 occasions. Five players: Newsy Lalonde in 1919, Maurice Richard in 1944, Darryl Sittler and Reggie Leach in 1976, and Mario Lemieux in 1989 scored 5 goals in playoff games. Alexey Zhamnov is the only player from this list whose team eventually failed to win — the Los Angeles Kings and the Winnipeg Jets tied 7–7. Sergei Fedorov is the only player to score all 5 of his team's goals in a game that ended in overtime (regular season). Maurice Richard scored all 5 goals when the Canadiens defeated Toronto 5–1 in the 1944 playoffs. Scorers. <templatestyles src=\"Legend/styles.css\" /> Player is still active in the NHL\n<templatestyles src=\"Legend/styles.css\" /> Player scored five goals in a playoff game\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Refbegin/styles.css\" />\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"As of completion of the season – the 106th regular season of play of the National Hockey League (NHL) – 98 different ice hockey players have scored at least 1,000 regular season points in their NHL career. All players who reach this mark receive the NHL Milestone Award; the award was introduced in 1982, and all who achieved the accomplishment prior to then were also granted the award. A 1,000-point career was first achieved in the 44th year of the NHL (), when Gordie Howe scored his 1,000th point in his 938th game. The first (of only eight) defenceman to reach 1,000 points was Denis Potvin, playing in his 987th game during the 70th year of the NHL (). Season achievements. The 1997–98 NHL season saw the largest number of players (six) achieve their 1,000th point. A total of five players scored their 1,000th point in the season. Beginning with Gordie Howe's achievement in , and ignoring the cancelled (lockout) season of , there have been 16 seasons in which no player happened to score their 1,000th career point. Of these 16, there were six seasons between Gordie Howe and the second player, Jean Beliveau, to make it to the 1,000-point mark. On April 10, 2023, Claude Giroux of the Ottawa Senators and Joe Pavelski of the Dallas Stars both recorded their 1,000th career point. This was the first time in NHL history that two players scored their 1,000th point on the same day. Player achievements."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "9771eed2-02ed-4f5d-9c23-43e8a1e9e6df",
"doc_name": "List of players with eight or more points in an NHL game",
"doc_chunk": "This is a list of players who have scored eight or more points in a National Hockey League game. Scoring eight or more points in a single game is considered a great feat and has happened only 16 times, by 13 players. Only one player, Darryl Sittler, scored more than eight points in a game, setting the NHL record with 10 while playing for the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1976. Paul Coffey and Tom Bladon are the only defensemen to have scored eight points. The feat of scoring eight points in a game was mostly achieved in the 1980s, with 10 out of the 16 instances happening in that decade. Mario Lemieux has the most games with at least eight points, scoring eight points in three separate games (in one season). Wayne Gretzky is the only other player to attain the feat more than once (twice, in one season). The most recent player to do so was Sam Gagner of the Edmonton Oilers, who scored eight points against the Chicago Blackhawks on 2 February 2012; Gagner's 8-point night was also the first 8-point game for a player since the 1980s. Scorers. <templatestyles src=\"Legend/styles.css\" /> Player is still active in the NHL\n<templatestyles src=\"Legend/styles.css\" /> Player scored eight points in a playoff game",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | bd0ae995-90b7-4337-8b2e-11f7be1516c5 | who wrote lord have mercy on the working man | Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man | [
"Kostas"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24138924 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"bd0ae995-90b7-4337-8b2e-11f7be1516c5",
"bd0ae995-90b7-4337-8b2e-11f7be1516c5",
"bd0ae995-90b7-4337-8b2e-11f7be1516c5",
"bd0ae995-90b7-4337-8b2e-11f7be1516c5",
"bd0ae995-90b7-4337-8b2e-11f7be1516c5"
],
"doc_name": [
"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man",
"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man",
"Lord Have Mercy",
"Lord Have Mercy!",
"Lord Have Mercy!"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\" is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country music singer Travis Tritt. It was released in August 1992 as the first of five singles from his third studio album, \"T-R-O-U-B-L-E\". The song became Tritt's tenth entry on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, where it peaked at number 5. Content. \"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\" is a moderate up-tempo whose lyrics centralize on a theme of economic injustice towards blue collar workers. The instrumentation features various forms of percussion from Sam Bacco, including crotales, wobble board, spoons and a broom. Richard Bennett and Wendell Cox play guitar solos before the third verse, and Brooks & Dunn, T. Graham Brown, George Jones, Little Texas, Dana McVicker, Tanya Tucker and Porter Wagoner all sing background vocals on the final chorus. Personnel. <templatestyles src=\"Div col/styles.css\"/>\nCritical reception. Teresa M. Walker, in her review for the \"Gainesville Sun\", said that with the assistance from superstars on the final chorus, the song \"should shoot up the charts.\" Dave Larsen of the \"Dayton Daily News\" cited it as one of the stronger tracks on the album, saying that the album \"works best when Tritt sticks with the populist approach.\"",
"Alanna Nash of \"Entertainment Weekly\" said of the song, \"Tritt finds a solid image for his laborer's lament[…]But the melody is so slight that he resorts to an acoustic arrangement that evokes Jimmie Rodgers and the young Roy Acuff.\" Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine gave the song a mixed review, saying that while the final chorus of song features famous country artists, it was too bad that the entire song isn't as strong as the last verse. Music video. Jack Cole directed the song's music video. In the book \"Country Music Culture: From Hard Times to Heaven\", Curtis W. Ellison wrote that the song's music video \"confronted a litany of personal oppressions attributed to government policy\" that coincided with Bill Clinton's presidential campaign. Chart performance. \"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\" spent 20 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1992, peaking at number 5 for the chart dated November 7. The song also reached number 10 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks charts. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Lord Have Mercy or Lord, have mercy may refer to:\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .",
"Lord Have Mercy! is a Canadian television sitcom, produced by Leda Serene Films, first shown on Vision TV in 2003. It received further showings in Canada on Toronto One, APTN and Showcase later the same year. The series, one of the first television productions launched by Vision TV's multicultural television development fund, starred Arnold Pinnock as Dwight Gooding, an ambitious new youth pastor at Mt. Zion, a Caribbean-Canadian church. Other main characters were Dennis \"Sprangalang\" Hall as head pastor Cuthbert Stevens, Rachel Price as Gooding's wife Desirée, Leonie Forbes as pastoral assistant Hope McCauley, and Shawn Singleton and d'bi young as Hope's grandchildren Kent and Crystal. The cast also included Gary Farmer, Russell Peters and Louis Negin. \"Lord Have Mercy!\" was created by Vanz Chapman and Frances-Anne Solomon, based on an idea by Paul deSilva. It was produced by Solomon, Chapman and Claire Prieto, and directed by Solomon. Scripts were written by Solomon, Chapman and Ngozi Paul. The series cost about $2 million to produce and was shot live to tape. The show was nominated for two Gemini Awards, for Best Comedy Series and for Best Female Performer (Leonie Forbes) and has been screened at the \"African Disapora Film Festival\" in New York City.",
"The series has aired in subsequent years in the Caribbean including runs on Gayelle TV and NCC-TV in Trinidad in 2008 It has also been repeated several times on Jamaican-based Caribbean International Network (CIN-TV), a channel which is carried by cable systems in the New York metropolitan area. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "bd0ae995-90b7-4337-8b2e-11f7be1516c5",
"doc_name": "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man",
"doc_chunk": "\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\" is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country music singer Travis Tritt. It was released in August 1992 as the first of five singles from his third studio album, \"T-R-O-U-B-L-E\". The song became Tritt's tenth entry on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, where it peaked at number 5. Content. \"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\" is a moderate up-tempo whose lyrics centralize on a theme of economic injustice towards blue collar workers. The instrumentation features various forms of percussion from Sam Bacco, including crotales, wobble board, spoons and a broom. Richard Bennett and Wendell Cox play guitar solos before the third verse, and Brooks & Dunn, T. Graham Brown, George Jones, Little Texas, Dana McVicker, Tanya Tucker and Porter Wagoner all sing background vocals on the final chorus. Personnel. <templatestyles src=\"Div col/styles.css\"/>\nCritical reception. Teresa M. Walker, in her review for the \"Gainesville Sun\", said that with the assistance from superstars on the final chorus, the song \"should shoot up the charts.\" Dave Larsen of the \"Dayton Daily News\" cited it as one of the stronger tracks on the album, saying that the album \"works best when Tritt sticks with the populist approach.\"",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 3d8f85b1-0db5-4d64-a94a-cd3112a0f8b8 | two examples where low voltage transformers are used | Transformer types | [
"toys",
"doorbell installations"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10657439 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"3d8f85b1-0db5-4d64-a94a-cd3112a0f8b8",
"3d8f85b1-0db5-4d64-a94a-cd3112a0f8b8",
"3d8f85b1-0db5-4d64-a94a-cd3112a0f8b8",
"3d8f85b1-0db5-4d64-a94a-cd3112a0f8b8",
"3d8f85b1-0db5-4d64-a94a-cd3112a0f8b8"
],
"doc_name": [
"Transformer types",
"Transformer types",
"Transformer types",
"Transformer types",
"Transformer types"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Overview of electrical transformer types\nVarious types of electrical transformer are made for different purposes. Despite their design differences, the various types employ the same basic principle as discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, and share several key functional parts. Power transformer. Laminated core. This is the most common type of transformer, widely used in electric power transmission and appliances to convert mains voltage to low voltage to power electronic devices. They are available in power ratings ranging from mW to MW. The insulated laminations minimize eddy current losses in the iron core. Small appliance and electronic transformers may use a split bobbin, giving a high level of insulation between the windings. The rectangular cores are made up of stampings, often in E-I shape pairs, but other shapes are sometimes used. Shields between primary and secondary may be fitted to reduce EMI (electromagnetic interference), or a screen winding is occasionally used. Small appliance and electronics transformers may have a thermal cut-out built into the winding, to shut-off power at high temperatures to prevent further overheating. Toroidal. Donut-shaped toroidal transformers save space compared to E-I cores, and may reduce external magnetic field. These use a ring shaped core, copper windings wrapped around this ring (and thus threaded through the ring during winding), and tape for insulation. Toroidal transformers have a lower external magnetic field compared to rectangular transformers, and can be smaller for a given power rating. However, they cost more to make, as winding requires more complex and slower equipment.",
"They can be mounted by a bolt through the center, using washers and rubber pads or by potting in resin. Care must be taken that the bolt does not form part of a short-circuit turn. Autotransformer. An autotransformer consists of only one winding that is tapped at some point along the winding. Voltage is applied across a terminal of the winding, and a higher (or lower) voltage is produced across another portion of the same winding. The equivalent power rating of the autotransformer is lower than the actual load power rating. It is calculated by: load VA × (|Vin – Vout|)/Vin. For example, an auto transformer that adapts a 1000 VA load rated at 120 volts to a 240 volt supply has an equivalent rating of at least: 1,000 VA (240 V – 120 V) / 240 V = 500 VA. However, the actual rating (shown on the tally plate) must be at least 1000 VA.\nFor voltage ratios that don't exceed about 3:1, an autotransformer is cheaper, lighter, smaller, and more efficient than an isolating (two-winding) transformer of the same rating. Large three-phase autotransformers are used in electric power distribution systems, for example, to interconnect 220 kV and 33 kV sub-transmission networks or other high voltage levels. Variable autotransformer.",
"By exposing part of the winding coils of an autotransformer, and making the secondary connection through a sliding carbon brush, an autotransformer with a near-continuously variable turns ratio can be obtained, allowing for wide voltage adjustment in very small increments. Induction regulator. The induction regulator is similar in design to a wound-rotor induction motor but it is essentially a transformer whose output voltage is varied by rotating its secondary relative to the primary—i.e., rotating the angular position of the rotor. It can be seen as a power transformer exploiting rotating magnetic fields. The major advantage of the induction regulator is that unlike variacs, they are practical for transformers over 5 kVA. Hence, such regulators find widespread use in high-voltage laboratories. Polyphase transformer. For polyphase systems, multiple single-phase transformers can be used, or all phases can be connected to a single polyphase transformer. For a three phase transformer, the three primary windings are connected together and the three secondary windings are connected together. Examples of connections are wye-delta, delta-wye, delta-delta, and wye-wye. A vector group indicates the configuration of the windings and the phase angle difference between them. If a winding is connected to earth (grounded), the earth connection point is usually the center point of a wye winding. If the secondary is a delta winding, the ground may be connected to a center tap on one winding (high leg delta) or one phase may be grounded (corner grounded delta).",
"A special purpose polyphase transformer is the zigzag transformer. There are many possible configurations that may involve more or fewer than six windings and various tap connections. Grounding transformer. \"Grounding\" or \"earthing transformers\" let three wire (delta) polyphase system supplies accommodate phase to neutral loads by providing a return path for current to a neutral. Grounding transformers most commonly incorporate a single winding transformer with a zigzag winding configuration but may also be created with a wye-delta isolated winding transformer connection. Phase-shifting transformer. This is a specialized type of transformer which can be configured to adjust the phase relationship between input and output. This allows power flow in an electric grid to be controlled, e.g. to steer power flows away from a shorter (but overloaded) link to a longer path with excess capacity. Variable-frequency transformer. A \"variable-frequency transformer\" is a specialized three-phase power transformer which allows the phase relationship between the input and output windings to be continuously adjusted by rotating one half. They are used to interconnect electrical grids with the same nominal frequency but without synchronous phase coordination. Leakage or stray field transformer. A leakage transformer, also called a stray-field transformer, has a significantly higher leakage inductance than other transformers, sometimes increased by a magnetic bypass or shunt in its core between primary and secondary, which is sometimes adjustable with a set screw.",
"This provides a transformer with an inherent current limitation due to the loose coupling between its primary and the secondary windings. The adjustable short-circuit inductance acts as a current limiting parameter. The output and input currents are kept low enough to preclude thermal overload under any load conditions — even if the secondary is shorted. Uses. Leakage transformers are used for arc welding and high voltage discharge lamps (neon lights and cold cathode fluorescent lamps, which are series connected up to 7.5 kV AC). It acts both as a voltage transformer and as a magnetic ballast. Other applications are short-circuit-proof extra-low voltage transformers for toys or doorbell installations. Resonant transformer. A resonant transformer is a transformer in which one or both windings has a capacitor across it and functions as a tuned circuit. Used at radio frequencies, resonant transformers can function as high Q factor bandpass filters. The transformer windings have either air or ferrite cores and the bandwidth can be adjusted by varying the coupling (mutual inductance). One common form is the IF (intermediate frequency) transformer, used in superheterodyne radio receivers. They are also used in radio transmitters. Resonant transformers are also used in electronic ballasts for gas discharge lamps, and high voltage power supplies. They are also used in some types of switching power supplies. Here the short-circuit inductance value is an important parameter that determines the resonance frequency of the resonant transformer."
],
"support": [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "3d8f85b1-0db5-4d64-a94a-cd3112a0f8b8",
"doc_name": "Transformer types",
"doc_chunk": "This provides a transformer with an inherent current limitation due to the loose coupling between its primary and the secondary windings. The adjustable short-circuit inductance acts as a current limiting parameter. The output and input currents are kept low enough to preclude thermal overload under any load conditions — even if the secondary is shorted. Uses. Leakage transformers are used for arc welding and high voltage discharge lamps (neon lights and cold cathode fluorescent lamps, which are series connected up to 7.5 kV AC). It acts both as a voltage transformer and as a magnetic ballast. Other applications are short-circuit-proof extra-low voltage transformers for toys or doorbell installations. Resonant transformer. A resonant transformer is a transformer in which one or both windings has a capacitor across it and functions as a tuned circuit. Used at radio frequencies, resonant transformers can function as high Q factor bandpass filters. The transformer windings have either air or ferrite cores and the bandwidth can be adjusted by varying the coupling (mutual inductance). One common form is the IF (intermediate frequency) transformer, used in superheterodyne radio receivers. They are also used in radio transmitters. Resonant transformers are also used in electronic ballasts for gas discharge lamps, and high voltage power supplies. They are also used in some types of switching power supplies. Here the short-circuit inductance value is an important parameter that determines the resonance frequency of the resonant transformer.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 09f78ab2-4fb1-4830-a787-cedffafa49c7 | when was the r10+20 summit in rio de janeiro held | United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development | [
"13 to 22 June 2012"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30480740 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"09f78ab2-4fb1-4830-a787-cedffafa49c7",
"09f78ab2-4fb1-4830-a787-cedffafa49c7",
"09f78ab2-4fb1-4830-a787-cedffafa49c7",
"09f78ab2-4fb1-4830-a787-cedffafa49c7",
"09f78ab2-4fb1-4830-a787-cedffafa49c7"
],
"doc_name": [
"United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development",
"United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development",
"United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development",
"United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development",
"United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"2012 international conference in Brazil\nThe United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio 2012, Rio+20 (), or Earth Summit 2012 was the third international conference on sustainable development aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community. Hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 22 June 2012, Rio+20 was a 20-year follow-up to the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in the same city, and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg. The ten-day mega-summit, which culminated in a three-day high-level UN conference, was organized by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and included participation from 192 UN member states – including 57 Heads of State and 31 Heads of Government, private sector companies, NGOs and other groups. The decision to hold the conference was made by UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/64/236 on 24 December 2009. It was intended to be a high-level conference, including heads of state and government or other representatives and resulting in a focused political document designed to shape global environmental policy.",
"During the final three days of the Conference, from 20 to 22 June 2012, world leaders and representatives met for intense meetings which culminated in finalizing the non-binding document, \"The Future We Want\", which opens with: \"We the Heads of State and Government and high-level representatives, having met at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, with the full participation of civil society, renew our commitment to sustainable development and to ensuring the promotion of an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable future for our planet and for present and future generations.\" Background. In 1992, the first conference of its kind, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), commonly referred to as the Rio Conference or Earth Summit, succeeded in raising public awareness of the need to integrate environment and development. The conference drew 109 heads of state to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to address what were dubbed urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development. The Earth Summit influenced subsequent UN conferences, including Rio+20 and set the global green agenda. \"The World Conference on Human Rights, for example, focused on the right of people to a healthy environment and the right to development; controversial demands that had met with resistance from some Member States until the Earth Summit.\" Major outcomes of the conference include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) – a climate-change agreement that led to the Kyoto Protocol, Agenda 21, the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).",
"It also created new international institutions, among them the Commission on Sustainable Development, tasked with the follow-up to the Rio Conference and led to the reform of the Global Environment Facility. Ten years later, Earth Summit 2002, informally nicknamed Rio+10, was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, with the goal of again bringing together leaders from government, business and NGOs to agree on a range of measures toward similar goals. At Rio+10, sustainable development was recognized as an overarching goal for institutions at the national, regional and international levels. There, the need to enhance the integration of sustainable development in the activities of all relevant United Nations agencies, programs and funds was highlighted. The discussion also encompassed the role of institutions in stepping up efforts to bridge the gap between the international financial institutions and the multilateral development banks and the rest of the UN system. Major outcomes of that conference include the Johannesburg Declaration and almost 300 international partnership initiatives meant to help achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Objectives. The conference had three objectives – to secure renewed political commitment for sustainable development, to assess the progress and implementation gaps in meeting previous commitments, and to address new and emerging challenges. Conference themes. The official discussions had two main themes, how to build a green economy to achieve sustainable development and lift people out of poverty, including support for developing countries that will allow them to find a green path for development; and how to improve international coordination for sustainable development by building an institutional framework. Rio+20 formal preparatory process.",
"In the months leading up to the beginning of the conference, negotiators held frequent informal consultations at UN headquarters in New York City, and in the two weeks before the conference was scheduled to begin, they managed to reach consensus on the sensitive language in the then proposed outcome document for the summit. According to historian Felix Dodds in his 2014 co-authored 2014 book entitled, \"From Rio+20 to a New Development Agenda: Building a Bridge to a Sustainable Future\", the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development – Rio+20 formal preparatory process, can be divided into three phases. Phase one took place from May 2010 to January 2012 – when preliminary intergovernmental discussions and negotiations began, and national, regional, and local level preparations were being made. This stage ended with the January 2012 publication of the draft document, \"The Future We Want\" The 1st Preparatory Committee was held from 16 to 18 May 2010, immediately after the conclusion of the eighteenth session and the first meeting of the nineteenth session of the Commission on Sustainable Development. The 1st Intersessional – which was not a negotiation session – featured panel discussions, from academia, non-governmental organizations as well as Delegates and UN system representatives – was held from 10 to 11 January 2011 at UN Headquarters, New York. The 2nd Preparatory Committee was held from 7–8 March 2011, at United Nations Headquarters in New York, immediately following the Intergovernmental Policy Meeting for the 19th Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development. The 2nd Intersessional was held from 15 to 16 December 2011 at United Nations Headquarters in New York.",
"Phase two – from March 2012 to April 2012 – began with the first informal negotiations and concluded with the April 2012 release of co-chairs streamline text of \"The Future We Want\". The 3rd Intersessional was held from 5–7 March 2012 at United Nations Headquarters in New York. Phase three – from 9 April 2012 to 15 June 2012 – began with the second round of negotiations starting on 9 April 2012, and ending with the 15 June 2012 closing of the Third Preparatory Committee meeting, when negotiators were already in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Th three-day intense meetings with hundreds of \"heads of states from around the world\" met in Rio de Janeiro after the 3rd Preparatory Meeting had concluded. United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. According to a 13 June 2012 \"Washington Post\" article, the \"giant, 10-day-long\" Conference underway in Rio de Janeiro which would end on 22 June 2012, was \"expected to draw 50,000 participants, including delegates, environmental activists, business leaders, and indigenous groups.\" For the final three days of the conference, \"about 130 heads of state from around the world were expected to be present.\""
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "09f78ab2-4fb1-4830-a787-cedffafa49c7",
"doc_name": "United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development",
"doc_chunk": "2012 international conference in Brazil\nThe United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio 2012, Rio+20 (), or Earth Summit 2012 was the third international conference on sustainable development aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community. Hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 22 June 2012, Rio+20 was a 20-year follow-up to the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in the same city, and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg. The ten-day mega-summit, which culminated in a three-day high-level UN conference, was organized by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and included participation from 192 UN member states – including 57 Heads of State and 31 Heads of Government, private sector companies, NGOs and other groups. The decision to hold the conference was made by UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/64/236 on 24 December 2009. It was intended to be a high-level conference, including heads of state and government or other representatives and resulting in a focused political document designed to shape global environmental policy.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 0c452066-c52e-4790-a605-dd6ca52e6d33 | when did david akers kick the 63 yard field goal | David Akers | [
"September 9, 2012"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=465494 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"0c452066-c52e-4790-a605-dd6ca52e6d33",
"0c452066-c52e-4790-a605-dd6ca52e6d33",
"0c452066-c52e-4790-a605-dd6ca52e6d33",
"0c452066-c52e-4790-a605-dd6ca52e6d33",
"0c452066-c52e-4790-a605-dd6ca52e6d33"
],
"doc_name": [
"David Akers",
"David Akers",
"David Akers",
"David Akers",
"David Akers"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"American football player (born 1974)\nDavid Roy Akers (; born December 9, 1974) is an American former professional football kicker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons, primarily with the Philadelphia Eagles. He began his career in 1998 with the Washington Redskins, after not making the main roster of the Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers. The following year, he signed with the Eagles, where he spent 12 seasons. Akers was also a member of the San Francisco 49ers and Detroit Lions before retiring in 2013. During his career, Akers was named to six Pro Bowls and twice received first-team All-Pro honors. He also tied the then-NFL record for the longest successful field goal when he converted a 63-yard field goal, which is the third-longest in league history. Akers is an inductee of the Philadelphia Eagles Hall of Fame and a member of the Philadelphia Eagles 75th Anniversary Team, along with being named to the second-team of the NFL 2000s All-Decade Team. Early life. Akers attended Tates Creek High School in Lexington, Kentucky. College career. Akers attended college at the University of Louisville and played for the Louisville Cardinals football team. During his four-year college career, Akers kicked a school-record 36 field goals (with a long of 51 yards against Texas A&M University), and ranks second on Louisville's all-time scoring list, with 219 points. Professional career. Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers.",
"Between 1997 and 1998, as an undrafted free agent, Akers spent time trying to make the team with the Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers. Washington Redskins. Akers was signed by the Washington Redskins in 1998 and played in one game for them, making two extra points but missing two field goal attempts of 48+ yards each. He was waived by the Redskins during the 1999 season. Philadelphia Eagles. After Washington cut Akers, the Philadelphia Eagles claimed him off waivers and allocated him to NFL Europe. A solid season with the Berlin Thunder helped him earn the kicking job for the Eagles in 2000. Akers proved to be one of the biggest special teams surprises in all of the NFL that season. He made 29 out of 33 field goals (an 87.9% success rate), and had a team-record 121 points. Akers earned the NFC Special Teams Player of the Month award in November 2000. He made the Pro Bowl for the first time in 2001 as he went 26-for-31, making a team-record seventeen consecutive field goals during the season. Akers' best statistical season was 2002 when he connected on 30 of 34 field goals (88.2%), scored a team-record 133 points, and made another Pro Bowl. He got fewer chances in 2003, but still made 24 of 29 field goals. He made the third-longest field goal in Eagles' history on September 14, 2003, a 57-yarder against the New England Patriots at the new Lincoln Financial Field.",
"(The only longer field goals in Eagles' history have been Jake Elliott's 61-yard field goal in 2017 and Tony Franklin's 59-yard field goal in 1979.) In 2004, Akers continued his consistent kicking with an 84.4% field goal percentage, and he made his third Pro Bowl. Injuries got to Akers in 2005 when he tore the hamstring in his non-kicking leg during the opening kickoff against the Oakland Raiders on September 25, 2005. Akers left the game, but returned in the second half with a heavily taped leg to make two extra points and then kick the game-winning 28-yard field goal before collapsing in pain as his teammates mobbed him. He missed the next four games and finished the season 16 for 22. In 2006, Akers was injury-free, but made only 18 of 23 attempts (78.3%), his second-worst season statistically. On December 16, 2007, in a 10–6 win over the Dallas Cowboys, Akers set the Philadelphia Eagles franchise record for most points and on Thanksgiving in 2008, Akers passed 1,000 career points during a 48–20 win over the Arizona Cardinals. On December 7, 2008, Akers kicked a 51-yard field goal at Giants Stadium, his longest of the season. In the same game he had two field goals blocked, one of which was returned for a touchdown. At the end of the 2008 regular season, Akers again set the team single-season scoring record with an NFC-best 144 points.",
"He connected on 33 of 40 field goals (82.5 pct), his best percentage since 2004. On January 11, 2009, Akers kicked three field goals in three attempts during a divisional playoff win over the New York Giants. The second of these set an NFL record for consecutive field goals without a miss during the postseason, previously held by one-time Eagle Gary Anderson. Akers eventually ran his streak to a record 19 consecutive postseason field goal conversions; it was snapped the very next week against the Arizona Cardinals. Akers had a total of thirty-five postseason field goal conversions during his career. Akers was selected to the 2010 Pro Bowl, his fourth. He was also named to the NFL All-Decade Team for the 2000s. After the 2010 season, he was selected to his fifth career Pro Bowl. San Francisco 49ers. Akers was signed by the San Francisco 49ers to a $9 million, three-year contract on July 29, 2011. He kicked a 59-yard field goal just before halftime in a preseason game against the New Orleans Saints on August 12, 2011. On September 18, 2011, he kicked a 55-yard field goal against the Dallas Cowboys, setting a record for the longest field goal made at Candlestick Park. Akers broke the 49ers' record for most points scored in a season in a 20–3 win over the Pittsburgh Steelers in a Monday Night Football matchup on December 19, 2011. The record was formerly held by the 49ers' Hall of Fame wide receiver, Jerry Rice.",
"In that same game against the Seahawks, Akers broke the all-time record for field goals in a season, surpassing Neil Rackers' 40 in 2005. On January 1, 2012, Akers broke the NFL record for most points by a kicker in a single season against the St. Louis Rams; he finished with 166 points. In this game, he also extended his NFL record for most field goals made in a single season, finishing with 44, and threw for a touchdown on a fake field goal. Akers made his sixth Pro Bowl at the end of the season. On September 9, 2012, Akers tied the NFL record for the longest field goal by kicking a 63-yard field goal off the crossbar against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field, tying the overall, and now non-altitude-assisted record. It was the first non-altitude-assisted kick of that length since 1970. The non-altitude assisted record was originally set by Tom Dempsey in 1970 and Graham Gano tied it in 2018. The overall record was shared with Jason Elam and Sebastian Janikowski (and later beaten by Justin Tucker of the Ravens in 2021 at Detroit) until Broncos kicker Matt Prater broke the record with a 64-yard field goal on December 8, 2013, but those took place in Denver, Colorado, where altitude assistance on field goal kicks, similar to sprint running and throwing events, is known. The long field goals by Elam, Janikowski, and Prater were all made in Denver, where the ball has the ability to travel slightly farther in thinner air."
],
"support": [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "0c452066-c52e-4790-a605-dd6ca52e6d33",
"doc_name": "David Akers",
"doc_chunk": "In that same game against the Seahawks, Akers broke the all-time record for field goals in a season, surpassing Neil Rackers' 40 in 2005. On January 1, 2012, Akers broke the NFL record for most points by a kicker in a single season against the St. Louis Rams; he finished with 166 points. In this game, he also extended his NFL record for most field goals made in a single season, finishing with 44, and threw for a touchdown on a fake field goal. Akers made his sixth Pro Bowl at the end of the season. On September 9, 2012, Akers tied the NFL record for the longest field goal by kicking a 63-yard field goal off the crossbar against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field, tying the overall, and now non-altitude-assisted record. It was the first non-altitude-assisted kick of that length since 1970. The non-altitude assisted record was originally set by Tom Dempsey in 1970 and Graham Gano tied it in 2018. The overall record was shared with Jason Elam and Sebastian Janikowski (and later beaten by Justin Tucker of the Ravens in 2021 at Detroit) until Broncos kicker Matt Prater broke the record with a 64-yard field goal on December 8, 2013, but those took place in Denver, Colorado, where altitude assistance on field goal kicks, similar to sprint running and throwing events, is known. The long field goals by Elam, Janikowski, and Prater were all made in Denver, where the ball has the ability to travel slightly farther in thinner air.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 8e68b25c-81b8-4461-bbb2-45acae8ed359 | what does the sun represent on the uruguay flag | Flag of Uruguay | [
"represents the May Revolution of 1810",
"a figurative sun that represents Inti, the sun god of the Inca religion"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=459356 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"8e68b25c-81b8-4461-bbb2-45acae8ed359",
"8e68b25c-81b8-4461-bbb2-45acae8ed359",
"8e68b25c-81b8-4461-bbb2-45acae8ed359",
"8e68b25c-81b8-4461-bbb2-45acae8ed359",
"8e68b25c-81b8-4461-bbb2-45acae8ed359"
],
"doc_name": [
"Flag of Uruguay",
"Flag of Uruguay",
"Uruguay",
"Uruguay",
"Uruguay"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"National flag\nThe national flag of Uruguay () is one of the three official flags of Uruguay along with the flag of Artigas and the flag of the Treinta y Tres. It has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes alternating white and blue. The canton is white, charged with the Sun of May, from which 16 rays extend, alternating between triangular and wavy. The flag was first adopted by law on 18 December 1828, and had 19 alternating stripes of white and blue until 11 July 1830, when a new law reduced the number of alternating stripes to nine. The flag was designed by Joaquín Suárez. Symbolism and design. The horizontal stripes on the flag represent the nine original departments of Uruguay, based on the U.S. flag, where the stripes represent the original 13 colonies. The first flag designed in 1828 had 9 light blue stripes; this number was reduced to 4 in 1830 due to visibility problems from distance. These stripes of blue and white were inspired by the flag of Argentina, making the flag of Uruguay part of both the Stars and Stripes and Belgrano flag families. The golden Sun of May represents the May Revolution of 1810; the Sun of May is a figurative sun that represents Inti, the sun god and mythological founder of the Incan Empire. It also appears in the flag of Argentina and the coat of arms of Bolivia. Colors scheme. The specific color hues of the flag are not officially defined by law. However, most representations use the following:\nCo-official flags. The National Pavilion shares its official status with two other flags, although it possesses a higher hierarchical position amongst them:\nHistorical banners.",
"During Spanish rule:\nIndependence from Spain:\nFlag of Cisplatina, under Portuguese/Brazilian rule between 1821 and 1825:\nUruguayan independence and reunification with the United Provinces (1825-1828):\nVariations. During the Great Siege of Montevideo (1843–1851) Uruguay had two parallel governments, with two different flags:\nProtocol. In accordance with Law No. 9,935 of June 14, 1940, in all public and private educational institutes \"the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag will be solemnly performed on June 19.\" Likewise, Article 28 of the Law No. 9,943, establishes that every natural or legal citizen of Uruguay must take an Pledge of Allegiance to the National Flag. On June 19 of each year, the Promise of Allegiance to the Flag is taken for first-year primary school children and the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag is taken for first-year secondary school children. Public educational institutes that do not carry out the ceremony may be subject to administrative sanctions and private ones may be fined. The lack of the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag carries sanctions such as the impossibility of issuing professional or technical titles, and access to work in the public service. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Country in South America\nUruguay ( , ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. Uruguay covers an area of approximately . It has a population of around 3.4 million, of whom nearly 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of hunter-gatherers 13,000 years ago. The predominant tribe at the moment of the arrival of Europeans was the Charrúa people. At the same time, there were also other tribes, such as the Guaraní and the Chaná, when the Portuguese first established Colonia do Sacramento in 1680; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans later than its neighboring countries. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century due to competing claims over the region, while Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828, following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain, and later Argentina and Brazil. It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the first half of the 19th century. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, numerous pioneering economic, labor, and social reforms were implemented, which led to the creation of a highly developed welfare state, which is why the country began to be known as \"Switzerland of the Americas\".",
"However, a series of economic crises and the fight against far-left urban guerrilla warfare in the late 1960s and early 1970s culminated in the 1973 \"coup d'état\", which established a civic-military dictatorship until 1985. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. Uruguay is described as a \"full democracy\" and is very highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, economic freedom, social progress, income equality, per capita income, innovation, and infrastructure. The country has fully legalized cannabis (the first country in the world to do so), as well as same-sex marriage, prostitution, and abortion. It is a United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur founding member. Etymology. The country name of \"Uruguay\" derives from the namesake Río Uruguay, from the Indigenous Guaraní language. There are several interpretations, including \"bird-river\" (\"the river of the ', via Charruan, ' being a common noun of any wild fowl). The name could also refer to a river snail called \"\" (\"Pomella megastoma\") that was plentiful across its shores. One of the most popular interpretations of the name was proposed by the renowned Uruguayan poet Juan Zorrilla de San Martín, \"the river of painted birds\"; this interpretation, although dubious, still holds an important cultural significance in the country.",
"In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called ' (\"Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]\"), then for a few years the \"Eastern Province\". Since its independence, the country has been known as \"'\", which literally translates to \"\"Republic East of the Uruguay\" [River]\". However, it is officially translated either as the \"Oriental Republic of Uruguay\" or the \"Eastern Republic of Uruguay\". History. Pre-colonial. Uruguay was first inhabited around 13,000 years ago by hunter-gatherers. It is estimated that at the time of the first contact with Europeans in the 16th century, there were about 9,000 Charrúa and 6,000 Chaná and some Guaraní island settlements. There is an extensive archeological collection of man-made tumuli known as \"Cerritos de Indios\" in the eastern part of the country, some of them dating back to 5,000 years ago. Very little is known about the people who built them as they left no written record, but evidence has been found in place of pre-Columbian agriculture and of extinct pre-Columbian dogs. Early colonization. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to enter the region of present-day Uruguay in 1512. The Spanish arrived in present-day Uruguay in 1515 but were the first to set foot in the area, claiming it for the crown. The indigenous peoples' fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of valuable resources, limited European settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "8e68b25c-81b8-4461-bbb2-45acae8ed359",
"doc_name": "Flag of Uruguay",
"doc_chunk": "National flag\nThe national flag of Uruguay () is one of the three official flags of Uruguay along with the flag of Artigas and the flag of the Treinta y Tres. It has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes alternating white and blue. The canton is white, charged with the Sun of May, from which 16 rays extend, alternating between triangular and wavy. The flag was first adopted by law on 18 December 1828, and had 19 alternating stripes of white and blue until 11 July 1830, when a new law reduced the number of alternating stripes to nine. The flag was designed by Joaquín Suárez. Symbolism and design. The horizontal stripes on the flag represent the nine original departments of Uruguay, based on the U.S. flag, where the stripes represent the original 13 colonies. The first flag designed in 1828 had 9 light blue stripes; this number was reduced to 4 in 1830 due to visibility problems from distance. These stripes of blue and white were inspired by the flag of Argentina, making the flag of Uruguay part of both the Stars and Stripes and Belgrano flag families. The golden Sun of May represents the May Revolution of 1810; the Sun of May is a figurative sun that represents Inti, the sun god and mythological founder of the Incan Empire. It also appears in the flag of Argentina and the coat of arms of Bolivia. Colors scheme. The specific color hues of the flag are not officially defined by law. However, most representations use the following:\nCo-official flags. The National Pavilion shares its official status with two other flags, although it possesses a higher hierarchical position amongst them:\nHistorical banners.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 02dce04c-eff1-4a64-8944-9e2577b3c25f | ambulatory is a term used in health care to describe | Ambulatory care | [
"medical care provided on an outpatient basis, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=325840 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"02dce04c-eff1-4a64-8944-9e2577b3c25f",
"02dce04c-eff1-4a64-8944-9e2577b3c25f",
"02dce04c-eff1-4a64-8944-9e2577b3c25f",
"02dce04c-eff1-4a64-8944-9e2577b3c25f",
"02dce04c-eff1-4a64-8944-9e2577b3c25f"
],
"doc_name": [
"Ambulatory care",
"Ambulatory care",
"Ambulatory care",
"Ambulatory care nursing",
"Ambulatory"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Medical care provided for outpatients\nAmbulatory care or outpatient care is medical care provided on an outpatient basis, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services. This care can include advanced medical technology and procedures even when provided outside of hospitals. Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) are health conditions where appropriate ambulatory care prevents or reduces the need for hospital admission (or \"inpatient\" care), such as diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Many medical investigations and treatments for acute and chronic illnesses and preventive health care can be performed on an ambulatory basis, including minor surgical and medical procedures, most types of dental services, dermatology services, and many types of diagnostic procedures (e.g. blood tests, X-rays, endoscopy and biopsy procedures of superficial organs). Other types of ambulatory care services include emergency visits, rehabilitation visits, and in some cases telephone consultations. Ambulatory care services represent the most significant contributor to increasing hospital expenditures and to the performance of the health care system in most countries, including most developing countries. Scope. Health care organizations use different ways to define the nature of care provided as \"ambulatory\" versus inpatient or other types of care. Sites where ambulatory care can be delivered include:\nPersonnel and medical education.",
"Ambulatory care services typically consist of a multidisciplinary team of health professionals that may include (but is not limited to) physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, pharmacists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech therapists, and other allied health professionals. Given the growth of ambulatory medicine, it has become a significant component of education for medical trainees across various specialties. Over the past decades, internal medicine residency programs across North America have made efforts to incorporate more ambulatory training to the medical education curriculum. The ambulatory medical training is focused on patient management through multidisciplinary teamwork while creating longitudinal continuity in patient care. Treatments. Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) are illnesses or health conditions where appropriate ambulatory care prevents or reduces the need for hospital admission. Appropriate care for an ACSC can include one or more planned revisits to settings of ambulatory care for follow-up, such as when a patient is continuously monitored or otherwise advised to return when (or if) symptoms appear or reappear. Relatively common ACSC include:<templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nHospitalization for an ambulatory care sensitive conditions is considered to be a measure of access to appropriate primary health care, including preventive and disease management services. While not all admissions for these conditions are avoidable, appropriate ambulatory care could help prevent their onset, control an acute episode, or manage a chronic disease or condition.",
"For Medicaid-covered and uninsured U.S. hospital stays in 2012, six of the top ten diagnoses were ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Safety. There have been concerns regarding the safety of ambulatory medicine. Some of the common potential sources of harm include errors to medications and diagnostics as well as breakdowns in communications and coordination of care. One major complication of ambulatory care that predisposes to patients to harm is the risk for missing appointments. Missed appointments are common, costly, and can lead to significant delays in both diagnosis and treatment. Advancements in information technology (IT) have helped to address some safety concerns of ambulatory medicine by minimizing mismanagement of electronic health records (EHR), improving interoperability, and increasing health professionals communication. Some have raised the notion of designing health professionals payment policies with greater focus on safety in addition to patient volumes. Furthermore, strategies for increased patient and caregiver engagement have been heralded as potentially beneficial in both patient care as well as data gathering for patient safety. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Ambulatory care nursing is the nursing care of patients who receive treatment on an outpatient basis, ie they do not require admission to a hospital for an overnight stay. Ambulatory care includes those clinical, organizational and professional activities engaged in by registered nurses with and for individuals, groups, and populations who seek assistance with improving health and/or seek care for health-related problems. The American Academy of Ambulatory Care Nursing (AAACN) describes ambulatory care nursing as a comprehensive practice which is built on a broad knowledge base of nursing and health sciences, and applies clinical expertise rooted in the nursing process. Ambulatory care nurses use evidence based information across a variety of outpatient health care settings to achieve and ensure patient safety and quality of care while improving patient outcomes. Contact with patients in ambulatory care is often relatively brief, and in the context of a high volume of patients. Nurses in this setting require sound assessment skills and the ability to guide patients in making informed health choices. Quality ambulatory care nursing has been associated with fewer emergency department visits, hospital visits and readmissions. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Covered passage in a large church\nThe ambulatory ( 'walking place') is the covered passage around a cloister or the processional way around the east end of a cathedral or large church and behind the high altar. The first ambulatory was in France in the 11th century but by the 13th century ambulatories had been introduced in England and many English cathedrals were extended to provide an ambulatory. The same feature is often found in Indian architecture and Buddhist architecture generally, especially in older periods. Ritual circumambulation or parikrama around a stupa or cult image is important in Buddhism and Hinduism. Often the whole building was circumambulated, often many times. The Buddhist chaitya hall always allowed a path for this, and the Durga temple, Aihole (7th or 8th century) is a famous Hindu example. The term is also used to describe a garden feature in the grounds of a country house. A typical example is the one shown, which stands in the grounds of Horton Court in Gloucestershire, England. Medical term. Ambulatory is also an adjective used to describe\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "02dce04c-eff1-4a64-8944-9e2577b3c25f",
"doc_name": "Ambulatory care",
"doc_chunk": "Medical care provided for outpatients\nAmbulatory care or outpatient care is medical care provided on an outpatient basis, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services. This care can include advanced medical technology and procedures even when provided outside of hospitals. Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) are health conditions where appropriate ambulatory care prevents or reduces the need for hospital admission (or \"inpatient\" care), such as diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Many medical investigations and treatments for acute and chronic illnesses and preventive health care can be performed on an ambulatory basis, including minor surgical and medical procedures, most types of dental services, dermatology services, and many types of diagnostic procedures (e.g. blood tests, X-rays, endoscopy and biopsy procedures of superficial organs). Other types of ambulatory care services include emergency visits, rehabilitation visits, and in some cases telephone consultations. Ambulatory care services represent the most significant contributor to increasing hospital expenditures and to the performance of the health care system in most countries, including most developing countries. Scope. Health care organizations use different ways to define the nature of care provided as \"ambulatory\" versus inpatient or other types of care. Sites where ambulatory care can be delivered include:\nPersonnel and medical education.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 2cf03c06-6147-41b3-b231-a149226041a8 | who played mr. willoughby in sense and sensibility | Greg Wise | [
"Matthew Gregory Wise"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2145711 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"2cf03c06-6147-41b3-b231-a149226041a8",
"2cf03c06-6147-41b3-b231-a149226041a8",
"2cf03c06-6147-41b3-b231-a149226041a8",
"2cf03c06-6147-41b3-b231-a149226041a8",
"2cf03c06-6147-41b3-b231-a149226041a8"
],
"doc_name": [
"Greg Wise",
"Greg Wise",
"Greg Wise",
"Wise",
"WISE"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"English actor\nMatthew Gregory Wise (born 15 May 1966) is an English actor and producer. He has appeared in several British television programmes and feature films. He played the role of John Willoughby in \"Sense and Sensibility\", which also starred Emma Thompson, whom he later married. Early life and education. Wise was born on 15 May 1966 in Newcastle upon Tyne to architect parents Douglass Wise and Yvonne Jeannine Czeiler. He was educated at the independent St Peter's School, York. He went to Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh to study architecture and performed at Bedlam Theatre. Wise studied drama at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. Career. His first professional job was on stage, starring in \"Good Rockin' Tonight\", a musical based on TV producer Jack Good's life. His television work includes four BBC period dramas: \"The Moonstone\" with Keeley Hawes, \"The Buccaneers\" alongside Carla Gugino, \"Madame Bovary\" with Frances O'Connor, \"The Riff Raff Element\" in 1992 and 1993, and as Sir Charles Maulver in the 2007 five-part series \"Cranford\". In 1999 he starred as Marshall in ITV's seven-part drama \"Wonderful You\" alongside his future mother-in-law Phyllida Law and future brother-in-law Richard Lumsden.",
"He filmed a number of readings of love scenes from a selection of classic and modern love scenes, from Thomas Hardy's \"Tess of the d'Urbervilles\" to Kiran Desai's \"The Inheritance of Loss\" for The Carte Noire Readers. In 2011, he appeared in Hallmark Channel's \"Honeymoon for One\", starring Nicollette Sheridan. He is also the producer of the 2010 BBC/Masterpiece production \"The Song of Lunch\" starring his wife, actress Emma Thompson, and Alan Rickman. In February 2015, Wise made his theatrical return starring in Brad Fraser's \"Kill Me Now\" at the Park Theatre in Finsbury Park, London. In July 2015, he played the role of emotionally distanced father Gilbert Aldridge in the BBC's two-part television adaptation of Sadie Jones’ debut novel \"The Outcast\". Wise portrayed Lord Louis Mountbatten in series 1 and 2 (2016/17) of Netflix's \"The Crown\". Wise won the celebrity version of \"The Great British Bake Off\" in aid of Stand Up to Cancer in 2019. In 2021, Wise was a contestant on nineteenth series of \"Strictly Come Dancing\". He was partnered with Karen Hauer and the couple were eliminated in the fourth week. Personal life. Wise has been in a relationship with actress Emma Thompson since 1995, when they met on the set of \"Sense and Sensibility\". Their daughter Gaia was conceived through IVF and was born in 1999.",
"They married in 2003, and that same year, they informally adopted Tindyebwa Agaba, a Rwandan orphan and former child soldier. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Wise, as a word, refers to someone with wisdom. Wise may also refer to: \n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .",
"WISE may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title ."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "2cf03c06-6147-41b3-b231-a149226041a8",
"doc_name": "Greg Wise",
"doc_chunk": "English actor\nMatthew Gregory Wise (born 15 May 1966) is an English actor and producer. He has appeared in several British television programmes and feature films. He played the role of John Willoughby in \"Sense and Sensibility\", which also starred Emma Thompson, whom he later married. Early life and education. Wise was born on 15 May 1966 in Newcastle upon Tyne to architect parents Douglass Wise and Yvonne Jeannine Czeiler. He was educated at the independent St Peter's School, York. He went to Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh to study architecture and performed at Bedlam Theatre. Wise studied drama at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. Career. His first professional job was on stage, starring in \"Good Rockin' Tonight\", a musical based on TV producer Jack Good's life. His television work includes four BBC period dramas: \"The Moonstone\" with Keeley Hawes, \"The Buccaneers\" alongside Carla Gugino, \"Madame Bovary\" with Frances O'Connor, \"The Riff Raff Element\" in 1992 and 1993, and as Sir Charles Maulver in the 2007 five-part series \"Cranford\". In 1999 he starred as Marshall in ITV's seven-part drama \"Wonderful You\" alongside his future mother-in-law Phyllida Law and future brother-in-law Richard Lumsden.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 5c55ab79-d75e-4e8e-a138-b6011fe99048 | where does the river irk start and finish | River Irk | [
"east of Royton",
"merging with the River Irwell in Manchester city centre"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=920564 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"5c55ab79-d75e-4e8e-a138-b6011fe99048",
"5c55ab79-d75e-4e8e-a138-b6011fe99048",
"5c55ab79-d75e-4e8e-a138-b6011fe99048",
"5c55ab79-d75e-4e8e-a138-b6011fe99048",
"5c55ab79-d75e-4e8e-a138-b6011fe99048"
],
"doc_name": [
"River Irk",
"River Irk",
"Irk Bitig",
"Irk Bitig",
"Irk Bitig"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"River in Greater Manchester, England\nThe River Irk is a river in the historic county of Lancashire in the North West England that flows through the northern most Lancastrian towns of the ceremonial county of Greater Manchester. It rises to the east of Royton and runs west past Chadderton, Middleton and Blackley \nbefore merging with the River Irwell in the centre of Manchester. History. The Irk's name is of obscure etymology, but may be Brittonic in origin and related to the Welsh word \"iwrch\", meaning roebuck. The Afon Iwrch, a river in Denbighshire, also takes its name from this word. In medieval times, there was a mill by the Irk at which the tenants of the manor ground their corn and its fisheries were controlled by the lord of the manor. In the 16th century, throwing carrion and other offensive matter into the Irk was forbidden. Water for Manchester was drawn from the river before the Industrial Revolution. A bridge over the Irk was recorded in 1381. The river was noted for destructive floods. In 1480, the burgesses of Manchester described the highway between Manchester and Collyhurst which \"the water of Irk had worn out\". In 1816, of seven bridges over the Irk, six were liable to be flooded after heavy rain but the seventh, the Ducie Bridge completed in 1814 was above flood levels.",
"According to \"The New Gazetteer of Lancashire\" (1830) the Irk had \"more mill seats upon it than any other stream of its length in the Kingdom\" and \"the eels in this river were formerly remarkable for their fatness, which was attributed to the grease and oils expressed by the mills from the woollen cloths and mixed with the waters.\" However, by the start of the 20th century the Irk Valley between Crumpsall and Blackley had been left a neglected river, \"not only the blackest but the most sluggish of all rivers\". Friedrich Engels described the banks of the Irk in Manchester at the height of the city's industrial excess. The river has since been culverted as it reaches the city centre. It disappears beneath Manchester Victoria railway station into a brick tunnel at Ducie Bridge and empties into the Irwell beneath a railway viaduct. On 15 August 1953, the front coach of a Manchester to Bury electric train fell from the viaduct over the River Irk after colliding with a local steam train. Ten people were killed and 58 injured in what became known as the Irk Valley Junction disaster. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nExternal links. </tr>\n</table>",
"9th-century manuscript book on divination\nIrk Bitig or Irq Bitig (), known as the Book of Omens or Book of Divination in English, is a 9th-century manuscript book on divination that was discovered in the \"Library Cave\" of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, China, by Aurel Stein in 1907, and is now in the collection of the British Library in London, England. The book is written in Old Turkic using the Old Turkic script (also known as \"Orkhon\" or \"Turkic runes\"); it is the only known complete manuscript text written in the Old Turkic script. It is also an important source for early Turkic mythology. British Library manuscript. The only extant version of the \"Irk Bitig\" is a manuscript from the Dunhuang Library Cave that is now held at the British Library (shelfmark Or.8212/161). The manuscript is in the form of a booklet comprising 58 folios folded in half, each page being about 13.1 × 8.1 cm in size. The pages of the booklet turn to the right (opposite to that of Western books), and the Old Turkic text is laid out in horizontal right-to-left lines running top-to-bottom down the page. The text of \"Irk Bitig\" consists of 104 pages in 52 folios (folios 5b–57a), with 40–70 characters per page.",
"The text is written in black ink with red punctuation marks marking word division, except for the colophon on the last two pages, which is written in red ink. The first four and a half folios (including one line overwriting the start of the Old Turkic text) and the last three folios (of which one and a half folios overwrite the Old Turkic colophon) are Buddhist devotional verses written in Chinese. As the Chinese text overwrites the beginning and end of the Old Turkic text, it is believed that the text of \"Irk Bitig\" was written first, and that the blank pages at the start and end of the booklet were later filled with the Chinese Buddhist verses. The title by which the book is known, \"Irk Bitig\", meaning \"Book of Omens\", is given at the bottom of the last page of the main text (folio 55b), but the author is not mentioned anywhere. The manuscript text is not precisely dated, but its colophon states that it was written on the 15th day of the second month of the year of the tiger at the Taygüntan () Manichaean monastery by an anonymous monk for his \"elder brother\", General İtaçuk (Saŋun İtaçuk). As the Library Cave was sealed in the early 11th century, it is thought that this year of the tiger must be sometime during the 9th or 10th centuries.",
"Louis Bazin suggests that the year of the tiger could here be 930 or 942, but Gerard Clauson and Talat Tekin both date the manuscript to the 9th century (i.e. one of the years 810, 822, 834, 846, 858, 870, 882 or 894). A number of transcription errors and textual omissions have been identified in the manuscript text, which suggest that it is not an original composition but a copy of an earlier text that was probably written in the Old Uyghur script. On the basis of its linguistic features, Marcel Erdal has dated the composition of the original work to the 8th and 9th centuries, among the earliest group of Old Turkic texts. Linguistic features. According to Annemarie von Gabain (1901–1993) the \"Irk Bitig\" is written in a \"Manichaean\" dialect of Old Turkic, reflecting the fact that it was written at a Manichaean monastery, but Clauson has noted that the language of this text is virtually identical to that of the corpus of secular inscriptions in the Old Turkic script from the Orkhon Valley, and so \"Manichaean\" is not a valid linguistic term. The British Library manuscript exhibits a number of orthographic peculiarities that may reflect the dialect of its scribe. In particular, it uses the front vowel forms of the letter \"s\" 𐰾 and \"n\" 𐰤 in certain situations where a back vowel form of the letters would be expected."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "5c55ab79-d75e-4e8e-a138-b6011fe99048",
"doc_name": "River Irk",
"doc_chunk": "River in Greater Manchester, England\nThe River Irk is a river in the historic county of Lancashire in the North West England that flows through the northern most Lancastrian towns of the ceremonial county of Greater Manchester. It rises to the east of Royton and runs west past Chadderton, Middleton and Blackley \nbefore merging with the River Irwell in the centre of Manchester. History. The Irk's name is of obscure etymology, but may be Brittonic in origin and related to the Welsh word \"iwrch\", meaning roebuck. The Afon Iwrch, a river in Denbighshire, also takes its name from this word. In medieval times, there was a mill by the Irk at which the tenants of the manor ground their corn and its fisheries were controlled by the lord of the manor. In the 16th century, throwing carrion and other offensive matter into the Irk was forbidden. Water for Manchester was drawn from the river before the Industrial Revolution. A bridge over the Irk was recorded in 1381. The river was noted for destructive floods. In 1480, the burgesses of Manchester described the highway between Manchester and Collyhurst which \"the water of Irk had worn out\". In 1816, of seven bridges over the Irk, six were liable to be flooded after heavy rain but the seventh, the Ducie Bridge completed in 1814 was above flood levels.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 14d72c1e-64e9-4ba2-8f49-f56c989ff5a6 | who gave a speech to the democratic national convention in 1984 | 1984 Democratic National Convention | [
"New York Governor Mario Cuomo",
"Senator Gary Hart",
"Rev. Jesse Jackson"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1895671 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"14d72c1e-64e9-4ba2-8f49-f56c989ff5a6",
"14d72c1e-64e9-4ba2-8f49-f56c989ff5a6",
"14d72c1e-64e9-4ba2-8f49-f56c989ff5a6",
"14d72c1e-64e9-4ba2-8f49-f56c989ff5a6",
"14d72c1e-64e9-4ba2-8f49-f56c989ff5a6"
],
"doc_name": [
"1984 Democratic National Convention",
"1984 Democratic National Convention",
"1984 Democratic National Convention",
"1984 Democratic National Convention",
"1984 Democratic National Convention"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"U.S. political event held in San Francisco, California\nThe 1984 Democratic National Convention was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, California from July 16 to July 19, 1984, to select candidates for the 1984 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale was nominated for president and Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York was nominated for vice president. Ferraro became the first woman to be nominated by either major party for the presidency or vice presidency. In another first, the 1984 Democratic Convention was chaired by the female governor of Kentucky, Martha Layne Collins. The Democratic National Committee Chairman at the time, Charles T. Manatt, led the convention. Site selection. As of March 1982, the Democratic Party was preliminarily considering ten cities: Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Miami Beach, New Orleans, New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Seattle. By the time that a vote was held for where to hold the convention, the contenders were Chicago, Detroit, New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C.\nParty officials told cities interested in hosting the convention that they needed to provide at least 250,000 square feet of work space, a convention hall seating 20,000, 20,000 high-quality hotel rooms, and a $2.5 million financial commitment (to fund the staging of the convention hall, housing of staff, security, transportation, and other needs)\nSan Francisco was broadly considered the front-runner to receive the convention.",
"This was, in large part, due to the fact that the chairman of the Democratic National Committee, Charles Manatt, was a Californian, and \nheavily supported San Francisco's bid. Mannatt argued that locating a convention in California could be wise for Democrats with an eye to the general election in the state, since California was a state that had a 5–3 Democratic advantage in party registration but which had voted Republican for the past several presidential elections. California's largest city, Los Angeles (Mannatt's home city) was logistically unavailable to host the 1984 convention due to its hosting of 1984 Summer Olympics. Then-California State Democratic Party Chairwoman Nancy Pelosi was another strong booster of San Francisco's bid. San Francisco's proposed venue, its new downtown Moscone Center convention center, had 650,000 square feet of space, and promised to be capable of seating 20,000 conventiongoers. Additionally considered positives for San Francisco's prospects of hosting the convention was that California was the state with the most votes in the Electoral College, and it had a female mayor (Dianne Feinstein). Some considered a concern disadvantaging San Francisco's bid to be the prospect that splinter groups might put on disruptive demonstrations during the convention if it were held in San Francisco. Particularly of concern was the prospect that San Francisco's large population of homosexuals might \"embarrass\" the Democratic Party by holding a large gay rights demonstration during the convention. Another factor speculated to disadvantage San Francisco's bid was the small size of its police force.",
"Chicago's biggest disadvantage was regarded to be the memory of disorder during the 1968 Democratic National Convention in the city. This was Chicago's first serious attempt to receiving the hosting rights to a major party nominating convention since the 1968 DNC. Early into Detroit's bid, the suburban Silverdome stadium was floated as a potential venue. However, the city's final bid placed the convention in Joe Louis Arena and Cobo Hall. The bid of New York City, the host of the previous two Democratic National Conventions, was considered to be hampered by a disinterest by Democratic Party officials in holding a third consecutive convention there. Madison Square Garden had also been seen during the previous two conventions as being somewhat undersized in its amount of usable area, and the 1984 convention was to feature more delegates than previous conventions had. Washington, D.C.'s bid was the city's first attempt to receive the hosting rights to a major party nominating convention. This came after the city opened a new convention center, giving it a facility capable of potentially accommodating a major party nominating convention. On April 23, 1983, San Francisco was awarded hosting rights to the convention, receiving 23 out of 27 votes on second-ballot vote by the Democratic Party's site selection committee. The city had fallen one vote short of securing the needed majority vote of the 27-member committee on the first ballot. This marked the second time that a Democratic National Convention had been held in the city of San Francisco, with the 1920 edition having been held at the city's Civic Auditorium.",
"It was the party's third convention to be held in the state of California, after the 1920 convention and the 1960 convention in Los Angeles. This also marked the first Democratic National Convention to be hosted on the West Coast of the United States since 1960. The Democrats' choice of San Francisco, paired with the Republican Party's earlier selection of Dallas, Texas for their 1984 convention, meant that, for the second time ever (after only the 1928 United States presidential election), both the Democratic and Republican parties hosted their nominating conventions in cities west of the Mississippi River. Logistics. The convention was the first to utilize the rule changes recommended by the Hunt Commission in response to the protracted 1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries between Jimmy Carter and Ted Kennedy, including the use of superdelegates. The San Francisco Hilton served as the convention's headquarters hotel. It had previously been the headquarters hotel of the 1964 Republican National Convention. Nancy Pelosi served as chair of the convention's host committee. The convention cost in excess of $20 million to stage. $9 million was provided by the City of San Francisco's government itself. Events of the Convention. Walter Mondale was nominated for president and Geraldine Ferraro was nominated for vice president. New York Governor Mario Cuomo gave a well-received keynote speech. Mondale's major rivals for the presidential nomination, Senator Gary Hart and Rev. Jesse Jackson, also gave speeches.",
"Jackson's speech referred to the nation as a \"quilt\" with places for \"[t]he white, the Hispanic, the black, the Arab, the Jew, the woman, the Native American, the small farmer, the business person, the environmentalist, the peace activist, the young, the old, the lesbian, the gay, and the disabled\". It was the first time anyone mentioned lesbians and gays in a national convention address. Jackson also attempted to move the party's platform farther to the left at the convention, but without much success. He did succeed in one instance, concerning affirmative action. \"AIDS poster boy\" Bobbi Campbell gave a speech at the National March for Lesbian and Gay Rights, dying of AIDS complications a month later. Voting. The following candidates had their names placed in nomination \nPresident. Before the convention had convened, Mondale was widely regarded as having secured the prerequisite delegate support to clinch the nomination. However, he only attained this amount of delegate support with the inclusion of superdelegates that supported his candidacy. His number of pledged delegates (those bound to him and awarded through primaries) alone did not give him enough of a lead to win the nomination without superdelegate support. His number of pledged delegates heading into the convention was 40 shy of the 1,967 needed to win the nomination. Keron Kerr, an uncommitted delegate from Maine and secretary of the Maine Democratic Party, voted for U.S. Senator Joe Biden."
],
"support": [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "14d72c1e-64e9-4ba2-8f49-f56c989ff5a6",
"doc_name": "1984 Democratic National Convention",
"doc_chunk": "It was the party's third convention to be held in the state of California, after the 1920 convention and the 1960 convention in Los Angeles. This also marked the first Democratic National Convention to be hosted on the West Coast of the United States since 1960. The Democrats' choice of San Francisco, paired with the Republican Party's earlier selection of Dallas, Texas for their 1984 convention, meant that, for the second time ever (after only the 1928 United States presidential election), both the Democratic and Republican parties hosted their nominating conventions in cities west of the Mississippi River. Logistics. The convention was the first to utilize the rule changes recommended by the Hunt Commission in response to the protracted 1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries between Jimmy Carter and Ted Kennedy, including the use of superdelegates. The San Francisco Hilton served as the convention's headquarters hotel. It had previously been the headquarters hotel of the 1964 Republican National Convention. Nancy Pelosi served as chair of the convention's host committee. The convention cost in excess of $20 million to stage. $9 million was provided by the City of San Francisco's government itself. Events of the Convention. Walter Mondale was nominated for president and Geraldine Ferraro was nominated for vice president. New York Governor Mario Cuomo gave a well-received keynote speech. Mondale's major rivals for the presidential nomination, Senator Gary Hart and Rev. Jesse Jackson, also gave speeches.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | bed7f5b4-5f1d-4f4c-804f-55f89296ff5c | what is the oldest street in the philippines | Colon Street | [
"Colon Street"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9904993 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"bed7f5b4-5f1d-4f4c-804f-55f89296ff5c",
"bed7f5b4-5f1d-4f4c-804f-55f89296ff5c",
"bed7f5b4-5f1d-4f4c-804f-55f89296ff5c",
"bed7f5b4-5f1d-4f4c-804f-55f89296ff5c",
"bed7f5b4-5f1d-4f4c-804f-55f89296ff5c"
],
"doc_name": [
"Colon Street",
"Colon Street",
"Colon",
"Willie Colon",
"Javier Colon"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Street in Cebu City, Philippines\nColon Street (Cebuano: \"Dalan Colon\", Filipino: kalye Colon, Spanish: Calle Colon; ; ) is a historical street in Cebu City. Located in the city's downtown, Colon Street is often referred to as the oldest and the shortest national road in the Philippines. It is named after Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus). Built in 1565, the street traces its origins to Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the Spanish conquistador who arrived in the Philippines to establish a colony in the 16th century, and eventually developed the street under his leadership. Colon, crowded and a bit run-down now, was the site of fashionable shops, offices, and movie houses. It was once the heart of Cebu City's shopping and business activity, but in recent years (specifically during the early 1990s), much of this activity has shifted to the more modern, bigger, and diverse commercial and business districts now spread in almost all of the urban areas of the city in what was considered residential and leisure settlements. In 2006, the Cebu City Council proposed a plan to close parts of Colon street from vehicular traffic and convert it to a tourism zone. However, this was met with much opposition from businessmen and motorists due to concerns regarding security and parking spaces. In 2007, the Colon Night Market, which aims to revive Colon as a vibrant commercial hub, was launched. The night market runs multiple times throughout the year, most notably during the Filipino Christmas season from September to December up to Sinulog celebrations in January in the following year.",
"Since its launch, the night market has run every year with the exemption of 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Colon commonly refers to:\nColon or Colón may also refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .",
"Willie Colon may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Topics referred to by the same termThis page lists articles about people with the same name.",
"American singer-songwriter from Connecticut\nJavier Colon (stylized as Colón; born April 29, 1978) is an American acoustic singer-songwriter. He has referred to his style of music as being \"acoustic soul.\" He was a member of EmcQ and The Derek Trucks Band, and worked with many musicians before going solo. From 2002 to 2006, he was signed to Capitol Records, known as artist Javier. In 2006, however, the contract was terminated and Javier Colon became an independent artist with his own label, Javier Colon Music. In 2011, he was the winner of season 1 of the American talent competition show on NBC, \"The Voice\", receiving $100,000 and signing a recording contract with Universal Republic Records. Colon eventually decided to part ways with Universal Republic in 2012. Early life. Colon was born in Stratford, Connecticut, the son of a Dominican father and Puerto Rican mother. His father worked in a radio station. He went to Frank Scott Bunnell High School in Stratford, Connecticut, where he started writing songs. Then he pursued a degree in music education from the University of Hartford's Hartt School. While studying, Javier also performed as vocalist and percussionist in EmcQ, a soul/funk band led by lead guitarist Ian McHugh and mainly dedicated to the legacy of Stevie Wonder. Music career. When EmcQ opened a show for the soul-jazz trio Soulive, the group's guitarist, Eric Krasno, was impressed by Javier's vocals and recommended him to his friend Derek Trucks, who he knew was looking for a lead vocalist for The Derek Trucks Band."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "bed7f5b4-5f1d-4f4c-804f-55f89296ff5c",
"doc_name": "Colon Street",
"doc_chunk": "Street in Cebu City, Philippines\nColon Street (Cebuano: \"Dalan Colon\", Filipino: kalye Colon, Spanish: Calle Colon; ; ) is a historical street in Cebu City. Located in the city's downtown, Colon Street is often referred to as the oldest and the shortest national road in the Philippines. It is named after Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus). Built in 1565, the street traces its origins to Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the Spanish conquistador who arrived in the Philippines to establish a colony in the 16th century, and eventually developed the street under his leadership. Colon, crowded and a bit run-down now, was the site of fashionable shops, offices, and movie houses. It was once the heart of Cebu City's shopping and business activity, but in recent years (specifically during the early 1990s), much of this activity has shifted to the more modern, bigger, and diverse commercial and business districts now spread in almost all of the urban areas of the city in what was considered residential and leisure settlements. In 2006, the Cebu City Council proposed a plan to close parts of Colon street from vehicular traffic and convert it to a tourism zone. However, this was met with much opposition from businessmen and motorists due to concerns regarding security and parking spaces. In 2007, the Colon Night Market, which aims to revive Colon as a vibrant commercial hub, was launched. The night market runs multiple times throughout the year, most notably during the Filipino Christmas season from September to December up to Sinulog celebrations in January in the following year.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 1cf50345-8af1-4ee7-bcc1-2c0a702e85c5 | who sang the song oh what a lonely boy | Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song) | [
"Andrew Gold"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5642223 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"1cf50345-8af1-4ee7-bcc1-2c0a702e85c5",
"1cf50345-8af1-4ee7-bcc1-2c0a702e85c5",
"1cf50345-8af1-4ee7-bcc1-2c0a702e85c5",
"1cf50345-8af1-4ee7-bcc1-2c0a702e85c5",
"1cf50345-8af1-4ee7-bcc1-2c0a702e85c5"
],
"doc_name": [
"Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song)",
"Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song)",
"Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song)",
"Lonely Boy",
"Lonely Blue Boy (song)"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Andrew Gold song\n\"Lonely Boy\" is an international hit song from 1977, written and recorded by Andrew Gold in 1976 for his album \"What's Wrong with This Picture?\" It spent five months on the American charts, peaking at number seven in both Canada and the United States, the latter for three consecutive weeks on June 11, 18 and 25, 1977, and number 11 in the United Kingdom. While \"Lonely Boy\" was Gold's biggest hit in the US, his \"Never Let Her Slip Away\" achieved greater success in the UK. Overview. The song follows the life of a child who feels neglected by his parents after the birth of a younger sister. Many assume this song to be autobiographical, yet Gold denied the implication, despite great similarities between the lyrics and his life. Regarding the verses' first lines: \"He was born on a summer day in 1951\" matches Gold's August 2, 1951 birthday, \"In the summer of '53 his mother/Brought him a sister\" matches his sister Martha's July 22, 1953 birthday, and \"He left home on a winter day, 1969\" may match the formation of Bryndle, of which Andrew was a member, in 1969. The second verse of the song features backing vocals provided by Linda Ronstadt. Gold had previously worked with Ronstadt as a producer and backing musician. The song was also released as an edited single, eliminating the vocal bridge and shortening the instrumental finale. It is written in the key of A major with a tempo of 122 BPM.",
"The song starts with the piano accompaniment, which first seems to be on beat but then when the drums join in, it is exposed to be one half of a beat off. Chart performance. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nUses in media and cover versions. The song was featured in a number of films including \"Boogie Nights\" (1997), \"The Waterboy\" (1998), and \"The Nice Guys\" (2016). It was the final video to be played on the MTV cable channel's first day of broadcast in the United States, on August 1, 1981. It was also used in \"The Pool,\" an episode of the TV series \"This Is Us\", first broadcast on October 18, 2016, and \"Into the Black,\" an episode of the TV series \"Animal Kingdom\", first broadcast on July 2, 2019. The song's use in \"Boogie Nights\" was designated as one of \"The 30 Greatest Rock & Roll Movie Moments\" by Rolling Stone magazine. In February 2000, Foo Fighters recorded a cover of the song to be used as a B-side for an upcoming single off their 1999 album \"There Is Nothing Left to Lose\"; however, it wasn't used as a B-side as planned.",
"On Marc Maron's January 17, 2013 WTF podcast, Foo Fighters leader Dave Grohl said that the band's cover of \"Lonely Boy\" would eventually be released as the A-side of a special \"Solid Gold\" 45 rpm single with a Foo Fighters version of Gold's \"Never Let Her Slip Away\" as the B-side. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Lonely Boy may refer to:\nOther uses. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .",
"\"Lonely Blue Boy\" (originally entitled \"Danny\" and sung by Elvis Presley) is a song written by Ben Weisman and Fred Wise and performed by Conway Twitty. It reached #6 on the U.S. pop chart and #27 on the U.S. R&B chart in 1960. It was featured on his 1960 album \"Lonely Blue Boy\". The song ranked #38 on \"Billboard\" magazine's Top 100 singles of 1960. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "1cf50345-8af1-4ee7-bcc1-2c0a702e85c5",
"doc_name": "Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song)",
"doc_chunk": "Andrew Gold song\n\"Lonely Boy\" is an international hit song from 1977, written and recorded by Andrew Gold in 1976 for his album \"What's Wrong with This Picture?\" It spent five months on the American charts, peaking at number seven in both Canada and the United States, the latter for three consecutive weeks on June 11, 18 and 25, 1977, and number 11 in the United Kingdom. While \"Lonely Boy\" was Gold's biggest hit in the US, his \"Never Let Her Slip Away\" achieved greater success in the UK. Overview. The song follows the life of a child who feels neglected by his parents after the birth of a younger sister. Many assume this song to be autobiographical, yet Gold denied the implication, despite great similarities between the lyrics and his life. Regarding the verses' first lines: \"He was born on a summer day in 1951\" matches Gold's August 2, 1951 birthday, \"In the summer of '53 his mother/Brought him a sister\" matches his sister Martha's July 22, 1953 birthday, and \"He left home on a winter day, 1969\" may match the formation of Bryndle, of which Andrew was a member, in 1969. The second verse of the song features backing vocals provided by Linda Ronstadt. Gold had previously worked with Ronstadt as a producer and backing musician. The song was also released as an edited single, eliminating the vocal bridge and shortening the instrumental finale. It is written in the key of A major with a tempo of 122 BPM.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 569c2f3c-fa4e-4d63-b3fa-7e074d26ee2f | the intermaxillary segment formed by the fusion of the | Intermaxillary segment | [
"tissues in the vicinity of the nose"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8578716 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"569c2f3c-fa4e-4d63-b3fa-7e074d26ee2f",
"569c2f3c-fa4e-4d63-b3fa-7e074d26ee2f",
"569c2f3c-fa4e-4d63-b3fa-7e074d26ee2f",
"569c2f3c-fa4e-4d63-b3fa-7e074d26ee2f",
"569c2f3c-fa4e-4d63-b3fa-7e074d26ee2f"
],
"doc_name": [
"Intermaxillary segment",
"Segment",
"Code segment",
"Circular segment",
"Circular segment"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"The intermaxillary segment in an embryo is a mass of tissue formed by the merging of tissues in the vicinity of the nose. It is essential for human survival. It is primordial, since in the further development of the embryo this particular mass no longer appears, but parts of it remain in \"the intermaxillary portion of the upper jaw, the portion of the upper lip, and the primary palate\". More precisely, the rounded lateral angles of the medial process constitute the globular processes. It is also known as the \"Intermaxillary segment\". It gives rise to the premaxilla. References. \"This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of\" Gray's Anatomy \"(1918)\"",
"Segment, segmentation, segmented, or segmental may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .",
"Portion of an object file containing executable instructions\nIn computing, a code segment, also known as a text segment or simply as text, is a portion of an object file or the corresponding section of the program's virtual address space that contains executable instructions. Segment. The term \"segment\" comes from the memory segment, which is a historical approach to memory management that has been succeeded by paging. When a program is stored in an object file, the code segment is a part of this file; when the loader places a program into memory so that it may be executed, various memory regions are allocated (in particular, as pages), corresponding to both the segments in the object files and to segments only needed at run time. For example, the code segment of an object file is loaded into a corresponding code segment in memory. The code segment in memory is typically read-only and has a fixed size, so on embedded systems it can usually be placed in read-only memory (ROM), without the need for loading. If the code segment is not read-only, then the particular architecture allows self-modifying code. Fixed-position or position-independent code may be shared in memory by several processes in segmented or paged memory systems. As a memory region, the code segment may be placed below the heap or stack in order to prevent heap and stack overflows from overwriting it. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Area bounded by a circular arc and a straight line\nIn geometry, a circular segment or disk segment (symbol: ⌓) is a region of a disk which is \"cut off\" from the rest of the disk by a straight line. The complete line is known as a \"secant\", and the section inside the disk as a \"chord\". More formally, a circular segment is a plane region bounded by a circular arc (of less than π radians by convention) and the circular chord connecting its endpoints. Formulae. Let \"R\" be the radius of the arc which forms part of the perimeter of the segment, \"θ\" the central angle subtending the arc in radians, \"c\" the chord length, \"s\" the arc length, \"h\" the sagitta (height) of the segment, \"d\" the apothem of the segment, and \"a\" the area of the segment. Usually, chord length and height are given or measured, and sometimes the arc length as part of the perimeter, and the unknowns are area and sometimes arc length. These can't be calculated simply from chord length and height, so two intermediate quantities, the radius and central angle are usually calculated first. Radius and central angle. The radius is:\nformula_1\nThe central angle is\nformula_2\nChord length and height. The chord length and height can be back-computed from radius and central angle by:\nThe chord length is\nformula_3\nformula_4\nThe sagitta is\nformula_5\nThe apothem is\nformula_6\nArc length and area.",
"The arc length, from the familiar geometry of a circle, is\nformula_7 \nThe area \"a\" of the circular segment is equal to the area of the circular sector minus the area of the triangular portion (using the double angle formula to get an equation in terms of formula_8):\nformula_9\nIn terms of \"R\" and \"h\",\nformula_10\nIn terms of \"c\" and \"h\",\nformula_11\nWhat can be stated is that as the central angle gets smaller (or alternately the radius gets larger), the area \"a\" rapidly and asymptotically approaches formula_12. If formula_13, formula_14 is a substantially good approximation. If formula_15 is held constant, and the radius is allowed to vary, then we haveformula_16\nAs the central angle approaches π, the area of the segment is converging to the area of a semicircle, formula_17, so a good approximation is a delta offset from the latter area: \nformula_18 for h>.75\"R\"\nAs an example, the area is one quarter the circle when \"θ\" ~ 2.31 radians (132.3°) corresponding to a height of ~59.6% and a chord length of ~183% of the radius. Etc.. The perimeter \"p\" is the arclength plus the chord length,\nformula_19\nAs a proportion of the whole area of the disc, formula_20, you have\nformula_21\nApplications."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "569c2f3c-fa4e-4d63-b3fa-7e074d26ee2f",
"doc_name": "Intermaxillary segment",
"doc_chunk": "The intermaxillary segment in an embryo is a mass of tissue formed by the merging of tissues in the vicinity of the nose. It is essential for human survival. It is primordial, since in the further development of the embryo this particular mass no longer appears, but parts of it remain in \"the intermaxillary portion of the upper jaw, the portion of the upper lip, and the primary palate\". More precisely, the rounded lateral angles of the medial process constitute the globular processes. It is also known as the \"Intermaxillary segment\". It gives rise to the premaxilla. References. \"This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of\" Gray's Anatomy \"(1918)\"",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 30022686-db0c-45bc-bff4-ae032dd38fd3 | author of the hymn great is thy faithfulness | Great Is Thy Faithfulness | [
"Thomas Chisholm"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25310762 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"30022686-db0c-45bc-bff4-ae032dd38fd3",
"30022686-db0c-45bc-bff4-ae032dd38fd3",
"30022686-db0c-45bc-bff4-ae032dd38fd3",
"30022686-db0c-45bc-bff4-ae032dd38fd3",
"30022686-db0c-45bc-bff4-ae032dd38fd3"
],
"doc_name": [
"Great Is Thy Faithfulness",
"Faithfulness",
"Thy name is",
"Thy name is",
"Faithfulness (song)"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Christian hymn written in 1923\nGreat Is Thy Faithfulness is a popular Christian hymn written by Thomas Chisholm (1866–1960) with music composed by William M. Runyan (1870–1957) in Baldwin City, Kansas, U.S. The phrase \"great is thy faithfulness\" comes from the Old Testament Book of Lamentations 3:23. These exact words occur in both the King James Bible and the Revised Standard Version. History. Thomas O. Chisholm wrote the poem in 1923 about God's faithfulness over his lifetime. Chisholm sent the song to William Runyan in Kansas, who was affiliated with both the Moody Bible Institute and Hope Publishing Company. Runyan set the poem to music, and it was published that same year by Hope Publishing Company and became popular among church groups. The Biblical lyrics reference Lamentations 3:22-23. The song was exposed to wide audiences after becoming popular with Dr. William Henry Houghton of the Moody Bible Institute and Billy Graham, who used the song frequently on his international crusades. Since the middle 20th century, this hymn has been the university hymn of Cairn University. In 2019, the song entered the public domain in the United States. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Act of remaining true to one's life partner\nFaithfulness means unfailingly remaining loyal to someone or something, and putting that loyalty into consistent practice regardless of extenuating circumstances. It may be exhibited, for example, by a husband or wife who does not engage in sexual relationships outside of the marriage. It can also mean keeping one's promises no matter the prevailing circumstances, such as in certain communities of monks who take a vow of silence. Literally, it is the state of being full of faith in the sense of steady devotion to a person, thing, or concept. Etymology. Its etymology is distantly related to that of fidelity; indeed, in modern electronic devices, a machine with high \"fidelity\" is considered \"faithful\" to its source material. Similarly, a spouse who, inside a sexually exclusive relationship, has sexual relations outside of marriage could be considered as being \"unfaithful\" and as having committed \"infidelity\". Religions. Sexual faithfulness within a marriage is a required tenet in Christianity—one of the four pillars of marriage. It is also required in Jewish marriage, and Islam. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Snowclone\n\"______, thy name is ______\" is a snowclone used to indicate the completeness with which something or somebody (indicated by the second part) embodies a particular quality (indicated by the first part), usually a negative one. History. In most instances, the usage is an allusion to the Shakespearean play \"Hamlet\" (). In this work, the title character is chastised by his uncle (and new stepfather), Claudius, for grieving his father so much, calling it unmanly. In his resultant soliloquy, Hamlet denounces his mother's swift remarriage with the statement, \"Frailty, thy name is woman.\" He thus describes all of womankind as frail and weak in character. The phrase is recognized as one of the \"memorable expressions\" from the play to become \"proverbial\". In the book \"Idiom Structure in English\" by Adam Makkai, the author asserts that the phrase is included among English idioms that are expressed in a \"standard format\" and whose usage \"signals to the hearer that he is using an authority in underscoring his own opinion.\" Researchers Andrew Littlejohn and Sandhya Rao Mehta acknowledged that the famous quote rendered not only a discursive use, but a constructional one as well, noting that \"the structure itself can be used as a salient, but neutral equation formula...'noun thy name is noun.'\" Examples. Law.",
"Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, dissenting from the Court's decision in King v. Burwell, upholding the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, repeatedly used the construction to criticize the Court's majority opinion, stating: \"Understatement, thy name is an opinion on the Affordable Care Act! \"; \"Impossible possibility, thy name is an opinion on the Affordable Care Act! \"; and \"Contrivance, thy name is an opinion on the Affordable Care Act!\" (25 June 2015)\nQuoted. Amos Bronson Alcott famously said of William Ellery Channing in 1871, \"Whim, thy name is Channing.\" He was referring to Channing's Transcendentalist poetry style.",
"\"Faithfulness\" is a song by Skunk Anansie frontwoman Skin, released in September 2003 as the second single from her debut solo album \"Fleshwounds\". It reached No. 17 in Italy and in Spain, No. 64 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 99 in the Netherlands. Track listing. UK CD single\nUK DVD single\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "30022686-db0c-45bc-bff4-ae032dd38fd3",
"doc_name": "Great Is Thy Faithfulness",
"doc_chunk": "Christian hymn written in 1923\nGreat Is Thy Faithfulness is a popular Christian hymn written by Thomas Chisholm (1866–1960) with music composed by William M. Runyan (1870–1957) in Baldwin City, Kansas, U.S. The phrase \"great is thy faithfulness\" comes from the Old Testament Book of Lamentations 3:23. These exact words occur in both the King James Bible and the Revised Standard Version. History. Thomas O. Chisholm wrote the poem in 1923 about God's faithfulness over his lifetime. Chisholm sent the song to William Runyan in Kansas, who was affiliated with both the Moody Bible Institute and Hope Publishing Company. Runyan set the poem to music, and it was published that same year by Hope Publishing Company and became popular among church groups. The Biblical lyrics reference Lamentations 3:22-23. The song was exposed to wide audiences after becoming popular with Dr. William Henry Houghton of the Moody Bible Institute and Billy Graham, who used the song frequently on his international crusades. Since the middle 20th century, this hymn has been the university hymn of Cairn University. In 2019, the song entered the public domain in the United States. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 06219aa5-92a7-4a92-b74f-d92061d2d847 | who played the detective in little boy blue | Little Boy Blue (TV series) | [
"Stephen Graham"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53878309 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"06219aa5-92a7-4a92-b74f-d92061d2d847",
"06219aa5-92a7-4a92-b74f-d92061d2d847",
"06219aa5-92a7-4a92-b74f-d92061d2d847",
"06219aa5-92a7-4a92-b74f-d92061d2d847",
"06219aa5-92a7-4a92-b74f-d92061d2d847"
],
"doc_name": [
"Little Boy Blue (TV series)",
"Little Boy Blue",
"Little Boy Blue",
"Little Boy Blue (novel)",
"Little Boy Blue (novel)"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"ITV drama series about the murder of Rhys Jones\nLittle Boy Blue is an ITV drama series, shown over four sixty-minute episodes from 24 April to 15 May 2017. The series focuses on the murder of Rhys Jones in Croxteth, Liverpool in 2007. For his performance, Brian F. O'Byrne won the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2018. Production. Stephen Graham was cast as Detective Superintendent Dave Kelly and Sinead Keenan and Brían F. O'Byrne were cast as Melanie and Steve Jones, respectively in a new four-part drama titled \"Little Boy Blue\". On 18 April 2017, it was confirmed that the programme would begin its broadcasting on 24 April 2017 on a weekly basis, concluding on 15 May. Episodes. \"Little Boy Blue\" aired in four sixty-minute episodes. Whilst filming took place in Liverpool, the murder scene itself was filmed outside Liverpool as a sign of respect for his parents. However locations used in Liverpool include the Anglican Cathedral and Liverpool Crown Court. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Nursery rhyme\n\"Little Boy Blue\" is an English-language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 11318. Lyrics. A common version of the rhyme is:\n<poem>Little Boy Blue, \nCome blow your horn. The sheep's in the meadow, \nThe cow's in the corn. Where is the boy\nWho looks after the sheep? He's under the haystack,\nFast asleep. Will you wake him? No, not I,\nFor if I do,\nHe's sure to cry.</poem>\nOrigins and meaning. The earliest printed version of the rhyme is in \"Tommy Thumb's Little Song Book\" (c. 1744), but the rhyme may be much older. It may be alluded to in Shakespeare's King Lear (III, vi) when Edgar, masquerading as Mad Tom, says:\n<poem>Sleepest or wakest thou, jolly shepheard? Thy sheepe be in the corne;\nAnd for one blast of thy minikin mouth\nThy sheepe shall take no harme.</poem>\nIt has been argued that Little Boy Blue was intended to represent Cardinal Wolsey, who was the son of an Ipswich butcher, who may have acted as a hayward to his father's livestock, but there is no corroborative evidence to support this assertion.",
"A more plausible, simpler, suggestion, avoiding any reference to Wolsey, is made by George Homans in his book \"English Villagers of the 13th Century\", who writes, after quoting \"Piers Plowman\"'s description of the hayward and his horn: \"The hayward's horn, his badge of office, must have been used to give warning that cattle or other trespassers were in the corn. Little Boy Blue was a hayward.\" References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Semi-autobiographical novel by Edward Bunker\nLittle Boy Blue is a 1981 semi-autobiographical novel by Edward Bunker that follows his journey into crime. Plot summary. Alex Hammond is an 11-year-old boy living in Los Angeles, California. His father Clem Hammond is a carpenter who has been struggling to find a job ever since the Great Depression hit the US. Alex's parents are separated and he is very close with his father. However, Clem does not have the resources to support Alex. As a result, he attempts to have outside intervention in supporting Alex such as enrolling him into military school and placing him into foster homes. Alex has run away from all of these places and exhibits temper tantrums because he does not want to be away from his father. His bursts of rage cause authorities and fellow inmates in various institutions to believe that he is crazy, specifically displaying the early traits of psychopathy, such as what is deemed to be \"criminal versatility\". The story starts out in 1943, with Alex, Clem, and a social worker going from LA to the Valley Home For Boys in San Fernando Valley where Alex will live. However, he meets up with trouble there because one of his roommates Sammy decides to shoplift from a store. Even though Alex does not steal anything, the housemother Thelma Cavendish decides to punish him. This unfair act in the eyes of Alex causes him to attack her and he rips her dress. He decides to run away with Sammy. They decide to burglarize a shop during the night, but the owners investigate as the boys are inside.",
"Alex shoots one of the owners with a pistol that he had found when they broke in. Alex runs away, but he gets caught very soon. The police beat him and humiliate him. He finds out that his father died in a tragic accident while attempting to find him. Alex goes to Juvenile Hall. There, he first sees the brutal violence that is so typical of a prison and other institutions. He quickly learns about the usefulness of such violence and how it can protect him from various injustices. It is also here that he learns about racial identity and racism. His love for reading and his high intelligence sets him apart from the other juvenile delinquents. He is sent to Camarillo, a state mental institution to determine whether or not he is insane. There, he meets First Choice Floyd and Red Barzo who are two black heroin addicts. They teach him how to play poker and how to box. He also starts to masturbate. Eventually, Alex meets an older teen called Scabs. They regularly sneak out of the institution. One day, Scabs teaches Alex how to hot-wire a car, and they leave. Alex is not able to go back to the institution so he decides to stay in the city. It is not long before the authorities find him and they send him to Pacific Colony. Alex regards the new institution as a lot worse than Camarillo. One night, one of the members of the staff nicknamed “The Jabber” beats Alex for a minor infraction that he did not commit. He fights back in self-defense, and hurts the Jabber."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "06219aa5-92a7-4a92-b74f-d92061d2d847",
"doc_name": "Little Boy Blue (TV series)",
"doc_chunk": "ITV drama series about the murder of Rhys Jones\nLittle Boy Blue is an ITV drama series, shown over four sixty-minute episodes from 24 April to 15 May 2017. The series focuses on the murder of Rhys Jones in Croxteth, Liverpool in 2007. For his performance, Brian F. O'Byrne won the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2018. Production. Stephen Graham was cast as Detective Superintendent Dave Kelly and Sinead Keenan and Brían F. O'Byrne were cast as Melanie and Steve Jones, respectively in a new four-part drama titled \"Little Boy Blue\". On 18 April 2017, it was confirmed that the programme would begin its broadcasting on 24 April 2017 on a weekly basis, concluding on 15 May. Episodes. \"Little Boy Blue\" aired in four sixty-minute episodes. Whilst filming took place in Liverpool, the murder scene itself was filmed outside Liverpool as a sign of respect for his parents. However locations used in Liverpool include the Anglican Cathedral and Liverpool Crown Court. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 6cc74acc-ff73-4f4c-bfd4-43176e1144e1 | who killed missy in a bend in the road | A Bend in the Road | [
"Sarah's brother, Brian"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20372445 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"6cc74acc-ff73-4f4c-bfd4-43176e1144e1",
"6cc74acc-ff73-4f4c-bfd4-43176e1144e1",
"6cc74acc-ff73-4f4c-bfd4-43176e1144e1",
"6cc74acc-ff73-4f4c-bfd4-43176e1144e1",
"6cc74acc-ff73-4f4c-bfd4-43176e1144e1"
],
"doc_name": [
"A Bend in the Road",
"A Bend in the Road",
"A Bend in the Road",
"Bend in the Road",
"A Bend in the River"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"2001 novel by Nicholas Sparks\nA Bend in the Road is the fifth novel by the American author Nicholas Sparks, who also wrote the romance love novels \"A Walk to Remember\", \"The Notebook\", and \"The Rescue\". It was published in 2001. The story was inspired by Sparks's brother-in-law, Bob. Plot summary. Miles Ryan's life seemed to end the day his wife Missy was killed in a hit-and-run accident two years ago. As deputy sheriff of New Bern, North Carolina, he not only grieves for her and worries about their young son Jonah but longs to bring the unknown driver to justice. Then Miles meets Sarah Andrews, Jonah's second grade teacher. A young woman recovering from a difficult divorce, Sarah moved to New Bern hoping to start over. Tentatively, Miles and Sarah reach out to each other... soon they are falling in love. But what neither realizes is that they are also bound together by a shocking secret, one that will force them to reexamine everything they believe in- including their love. Characters. Miles Ryan. Miles lived in New Bern his whole life and married his high school sweetheart, Missy. The death of Missy caused Miles grief for many years especially because it was a hit-and-run accident. He felt lonely and was not happy without a partner in his life. He is a loving father that would do anything for his son Jonah. He is the deputy sheriff at New Bern. Eventually, he starts a new relationship with Sarah Andrews and they both have strong feelings for each other.",
"After a while he returned to his obsession with his wife’s case because he had some new information. Jonah. He is a sweet seven-year-old boy who loves to spend time with his friends. Since he was really young when his mother died he does not really understand what happened. The only thing he knows is that his mom was never coming back. After his mother died he started having nightmares from which he woke up screaming and crying. The death of his mother also affected his grades at school. Other teachers let him fall behind because of what happened but Sarah decided to help him. After spending some time with Sarah he starts to like her and by the end of the novel he already viewed her as someone similar to his mom. Brian. At the beginning of the story the killer is an unknown person. Miles was always obsessed with finding an answer so when someone told him that Otis Timson bragged about killing Missy he did not think twice and tried to arrest him. Eventually, Sarah's brother, Brian, tells her that he was the killer but explains that everything was an accident. Sarah thinks about how to tell Miles and when she finally does Miles is furious and wants to punish Brian. After hearing Brian's version of the story he went back to the crime scene and discovered that Brian's story might be true. He later followed Brian to the cemetery and made him promise that he would do something important with his life, and eventually lets him go free. Brian later became an emergency room physician and had saved six lives. Point of view.",
"The novel is written in third person and there are some chapters in which it turns to first person and Missy's killer narrates his version of what happened. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Bend in the Road is an album by British blues musician Jeremy Spencer, who was a member of Fleetwood Mac from 1967 to 1971. It is his fifth official solo album and was released on the Propelz Records label on 21 April 2012, to coincide with Record Store Day. Recording. Spencer continued his tradition of recording songs by Elmore James and Homesick James, and also took inspiration from poetry and passages from the Bible. Some of Spencer's songs were written during his time with Fleetwood Mac, while some others dated from the 1970s and 1980s. The track \"Refugees\" is a re-working of \"Flee\", from Spencer's 1979 album of the same name. The album was recorded during the first half of 2010, at Tempermill Studio in Ferndale, Michigan. For his backing band, Spencer used a new group of Detroit-based musicians: guitarist Brett Lucas, bass guitarist James Simonson and drummer Todd Glass. Together, the trio have formed their own band called Saint Cecilia, and they also released their own self-titled album in 2012. Release information. \"Bend in the Road\" was first released as a double vinyl LP in the US (limited to 2000 copies), with a CD release following on 28 August. The LP features a cover painted by Spencer himself, whereas the CD uses a photo. The track listings are also slightly different, with four tracks exclusive to the LP, and one exclusive to the CD. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"1979 novel by V. S. Naipaul\nA Bend in the River is a 1979 novel by Nobel laureate V. S. Naipaul. The novel, telling the story of Salim, a merchant in post-colonial mid-20th century Africa, is one of Naipaul's best known works and was widely praised. It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1979. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked \"A Bend in the River\" #83 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. \"A Bend in the River\" has also been criticized for a perceived defence of European colonialism in Africa. Plot. <templatestyles src=\"Rquote/styles.css\"/>{ class=\"rquote pullquote floatleft\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display:table; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; float:left; margin:0.5em 0.75em; width:33%; \"\nSet in an unnamed African country after independence, the book is narrated by Salim, an ethnically Indian Muslim and a shopkeeper in a small but growing city in the country's remote interior. Salim observes the rapid changes in Africa with an outsider's distance. Salim grows up in the community of Indian traders on the east coast of Africa. Feeling insecure about his future in East Africa, he buys a business from Nazruddin in a town at \"a bend in the river\" in the heart of Africa."
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "6cc74acc-ff73-4f4c-bfd4-43176e1144e1",
"doc_name": "A Bend in the Road",
"doc_chunk": "After a while he returned to his obsession with his wife’s case because he had some new information. Jonah. He is a sweet seven-year-old boy who loves to spend time with his friends. Since he was really young when his mother died he does not really understand what happened. The only thing he knows is that his mom was never coming back. After his mother died he started having nightmares from which he woke up screaming and crying. The death of his mother also affected his grades at school. Other teachers let him fall behind because of what happened but Sarah decided to help him. After spending some time with Sarah he starts to like her and by the end of the novel he already viewed her as someone similar to his mom. Brian. At the beginning of the story the killer is an unknown person. Miles was always obsessed with finding an answer so when someone told him that Otis Timson bragged about killing Missy he did not think twice and tried to arrest him. Eventually, Sarah's brother, Brian, tells her that he was the killer but explains that everything was an accident. Sarah thinks about how to tell Miles and when she finally does Miles is furious and wants to punish Brian. After hearing Brian's version of the story he went back to the crime scene and discovered that Brian's story might be true. He later followed Brian to the cemetery and made him promise that he would do something important with his life, and eventually lets him go free. Brian later became an emergency room physician and had saved six lives. Point of view.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 09dacc5e-8897-4d63-94d8-fadfcfad51b1 | who said have you no sense of decency | Joseph N. Welch | [
"Joseph Nye Welch"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1140227 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"09dacc5e-8897-4d63-94d8-fadfcfad51b1",
"09dacc5e-8897-4d63-94d8-fadfcfad51b1",
"09dacc5e-8897-4d63-94d8-fadfcfad51b1",
"09dacc5e-8897-4d63-94d8-fadfcfad51b1",
"09dacc5e-8897-4d63-94d8-fadfcfad51b1"
],
"doc_name": [
"Joseph N. Welch",
"Joseph N. Welch",
"Joseph N. Welch",
"Joseph N. Welch",
"Joseph N. Welch"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"American lawyer (1890–1960)\nJoseph Nye Welch (October 22, 1890 – October 6, 1960) was an American lawyer who served as the chief counsel for the United States Army while it was under investigation for Communist activities by Senator Joseph McCarthy's Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, an investigation known as the Army–McCarthy hearings. His confrontation with McCarthy during the hearings, in which he asked McCarthy \"Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? \", is seen as a turning point in the history of McCarthyism. Early life. Welch was born in Primghar, Iowa, on October 22, 1890, the seventh and youngest child of English immigrants Martha (Thyer) and William Welch. He attended Grinnell College and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1914, then attended Harvard Law School and graduated in 1917, magna cum laude, with the second highest grade point average in his graduating class. Welch married Judith Lyndon on September 20, 1917. They had two sons, Joe and Lyndon. He enlisted in the United States Army for World War I. After joining as a private in August 1918, he applied for a commission. Welch was attending officer training school at Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky, when the Armistice took place. His services no longer required, Welch was discharged from the Army on November 27, 1918. Career. Beginning in 1923, Welch was a partner at Hale and Dorr, a Boston law firm, and lived in nearby Walpole, Massachusetts. Army–McCarthy hearings.",
"On June 9, 1954, the 30th day of the Army–McCarthy hearings, Welch challenged Roy Cohn to provide U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr. with McCarthy's list of 130 Communists or subversives in defense plants \"before sundown\". McCarthy stepped in and said that if Welch was so concerned about persons aiding the Communist Party, he should check on a man in his Boston law office named Fred Fisher, who had once belonged to the National Lawyers Guild, which Brownell had called \"the legal mouthpiece of the Communist Party\". Welch had privately discussed the matter with Fisher beforehand and the two agreed Fisher should not participate in the hearings. Welch dismissed Fisher's association with the NLG as a youthful indiscretion and attacked McCarthy for naming the young man before a nationwide television audience without prior warning or previous agreement to do so:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />Until this moment, Senator, I think I have never really gauged your cruelty or your recklessness. Fred Fisher is a young man who went to the Harvard Law School and came into my firm and is starting what looks to be a brilliant career with us. ... Little did I dream you could be so reckless and so cruel as to do an injury to that lad. It is true he is still with Hale and Dorr. It is true that he will continue to be with Hale and Dorr. It is, I regret to say, equally true that I fear he shall always bear a scar needlessly inflicted by you.",
"If it were in my power to forgive you for your reckless cruelty I would do so. I like to think I am a gentleman, but your forgiveness will have to come from someone other than me. When McCarthy tried to renew his attack, Welch interrupted him:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />Senator, may we not drop this? We know he belonged to the Lawyers Guild ... Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator. You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency? McCarthy tried to ask Welch another question about Fisher, and Welch interrupted:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />Mr. McCarthy, I will not discuss this further with you. You have sat within six feet of me and could have asked me about Fred Fisher. You have seen fit to bring it out. And if there is a God in Heaven it will do neither you nor your cause any good. I will not discuss it further. I will not ask Mr. Cohn any more witnesses. You, Mr. Chairman, may, if you will, call the next witness. At this, those watching the proceedings broke into applause. Welch's TV performance turned the tide of public and press opinion against McCarthy overnight.",
"In July, a Republican senator introduced a motion, which passed later that year, censuring McCarthy for acts that \"tended to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute, to obstruct the constitutional processes of the Senate, and to impair its dignity.\" In his review of the film \"Point of Order\" that depicted the hearings, Vincent Canby called Welch \"one of the great performers ever to appear on the small screen\" whether in demanding Cohn expose the security risks in the nation's defense plants or accepting a heavily insincere compliment from Cohn, in a manner which demolished Cohn. Acting. Welch played a Michigan judge in Otto Preminger's \"Anatomy of a Murder\" (1959). He said he took the role because \"it looked like that was the only way I'd ever get to be a judge.\" Welch actually took the part on the condition that his wife, Agnes, would be in the film. She was cast as a juror. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture and a BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer for the role. He also narrated the television shows \"Omnibus\" and \"Dow Hour of Great Mysteries\". Personal life. His first wife, Judith Lyndon, died on December 21, 1956, and he married Agnes Rodgers Brown in 1957. After remarrying, he moved to Harwichport, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod, where he lived until his death.",
"Sixteen days before his 70th birthday, and fifteen months after the release of \"Anatomy of a Murder\", Welch suffered a heart attack and died on October 6, 1960, at Cape Cod Hospital in Hyannis, Massachusetts. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "09dacc5e-8897-4d63-94d8-fadfcfad51b1",
"doc_name": "Joseph N. Welch",
"doc_chunk": "American lawyer (1890–1960)\nJoseph Nye Welch (October 22, 1890 – October 6, 1960) was an American lawyer who served as the chief counsel for the United States Army while it was under investigation for Communist activities by Senator Joseph McCarthy's Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, an investigation known as the Army–McCarthy hearings. His confrontation with McCarthy during the hearings, in which he asked McCarthy \"Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? \", is seen as a turning point in the history of McCarthyism. Early life. Welch was born in Primghar, Iowa, on October 22, 1890, the seventh and youngest child of English immigrants Martha (Thyer) and William Welch. He attended Grinnell College and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1914, then attended Harvard Law School and graduated in 1917, magna cum laude, with the second highest grade point average in his graduating class. Welch married Judith Lyndon on September 20, 1917. They had two sons, Joe and Lyndon. He enlisted in the United States Army for World War I. After joining as a private in August 1918, he applied for a commission. Welch was attending officer training school at Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky, when the Armistice took place. His services no longer required, Welch was discharged from the Army on November 27, 1918. Career. Beginning in 1923, Welch was a partner at Hale and Dorr, a Boston law firm, and lived in nearby Walpole, Massachusetts. Army–McCarthy hearings.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 316834da-31b3-4e50-a7b6-15ddf4c3272e | why was the battle of carnifex ferry important | Battle of Carnifex Ferry | [
"contributed to the eventual Confederate withdrawal from western Virginia"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1349617 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"316834da-31b3-4e50-a7b6-15ddf4c3272e",
"316834da-31b3-4e50-a7b6-15ddf4c3272e",
"316834da-31b3-4e50-a7b6-15ddf4c3272e",
"316834da-31b3-4e50-a7b6-15ddf4c3272e",
"316834da-31b3-4e50-a7b6-15ddf4c3272e"
],
"doc_name": [
"Battle of Carnifex Ferry",
"Battle of Carnifex Ferry",
"Battle of Carnifex Ferry order of battle",
"Carnifex",
"Carnifex Ferry Battlefield State Park"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Battle of the American Civil War\nThe Battle of Carnifex Ferry took place on September 10, 1861 in Nicholas County, Virginia (now West Virginia), as part of the Operations in Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War. The battle resulted in a Union strategic victory that contributed to the eventual Confederate withdrawal from western Virginia, which in turn led to the creation of the State of West Virginia two years later. The battle took its name from a former settlement, which was named after the local Carnefix family. The battle. In late August 1861, Confederate forces under Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd crossed the Gauley River and surprised the 7th Ohio Infantry under Col. Erastus Tyler at Kessler's Cross Lanes. Outnumbered, Tyler's inexperienced men were routed, and Floyd camped near Carnifex Ferry. The Confederates began throwing up entrenchments on the Henry Patteson farm (located on the rim of the Gauley River Canyon near Summersville). Concerned about Floyd's drive to reclaim the Kanawha Valley, Union Brigadier General William S. Rosecrans led three brigades of infantry southward from Clarksburg to support Tyler's regrouped regiment. Moving into position on the afternoon of September 10, Rosecrans advanced against Floyd's campsite and attacked. The Confederate lines repulsed the attacks and the Federal casualties were significantly higher than the defenders. The strength of Rosecrans's artillery proved to be problematic however, and Floyd decided to retreat that night across the ferry to the south side of the Gauley River. He subsequently moved eastward to Meadow Bluff near Lewisburg.",
"Floyd, seeking to deflect the blame, placed the responsibility for the defeat on his co-commander Brigadier General Henry A. Wise, furthering the dissension that marked the Confederate high command in western Virginia. Battlefield preservation. In October 1935, the battlefield was preserved as Carnifex Ferry Battlefield State Park. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"The following Union Army and Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Carnifex Ferry of the American Civil War on September 10, 1861, in Nicholas County, Virginia (now West Virginia). Union Forces. Army of West Virginia. BG William S. Rosecrans\nConfederate Forces. Army of the Kanawha. BG John Buchanan Floyd\nNotes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Carnifex literally means \"butcher\" in Latin and in the history of ancient Rome refers to an \"executioner\". The term was used as a nickname for the Roman general Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, and his son Pompey was called \"adulescentulus carnifex\" 'teenage executioner'\nIt may also refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .",
"State park in Nicholas County, West Virginia\nCarnifex Ferry Battlefield State Park is an American Civil War battle site that commemorates the Battle of Carnifex Ferry. It is located on the rim of the Gauley River Canyon near Summersville, a town in Nicholas County, West Virginia. The park features Patterson House Museum, three views of the Gauley River, hiking trails and picnic facilities. It is one of the oldest state parks in the United States. A Civil War re-enactment takes place on a weekend after Labor Day. As Carnifex Ferry State Park, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Accessibility. Accessibility for the disabled was assessed by West Virginia University. The assessment found the picnic shelters and concession stand to be accessible. The 2005 assessment identified issues with parking lot signage, slippery sidewalks, and insufficient handrails. See also. <templatestyles src=\"Stack/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "316834da-31b3-4e50-a7b6-15ddf4c3272e",
"doc_name": "Battle of Carnifex Ferry",
"doc_chunk": "Battle of the American Civil War\nThe Battle of Carnifex Ferry took place on September 10, 1861 in Nicholas County, Virginia (now West Virginia), as part of the Operations in Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War. The battle resulted in a Union strategic victory that contributed to the eventual Confederate withdrawal from western Virginia, which in turn led to the creation of the State of West Virginia two years later. The battle took its name from a former settlement, which was named after the local Carnefix family. The battle. In late August 1861, Confederate forces under Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd crossed the Gauley River and surprised the 7th Ohio Infantry under Col. Erastus Tyler at Kessler's Cross Lanes. Outnumbered, Tyler's inexperienced men were routed, and Floyd camped near Carnifex Ferry. The Confederates began throwing up entrenchments on the Henry Patteson farm (located on the rim of the Gauley River Canyon near Summersville). Concerned about Floyd's drive to reclaim the Kanawha Valley, Union Brigadier General William S. Rosecrans led three brigades of infantry southward from Clarksburg to support Tyler's regrouped regiment. Moving into position on the afternoon of September 10, Rosecrans advanced against Floyd's campsite and attacked. The Confederate lines repulsed the attacks and the Federal casualties were significantly higher than the defenders. The strength of Rosecrans's artillery proved to be problematic however, and Floyd decided to retreat that night across the ferry to the south side of the Gauley River. He subsequently moved eastward to Meadow Bluff near Lewisburg.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 90d028c9-1515-44e9-9bfe-3913c34d30c0 | ajay devgan preity zinta and madhuri dixit movie | Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke | [
"Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2748244 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"90d028c9-1515-44e9-9bfe-3913c34d30c0",
"90d028c9-1515-44e9-9bfe-3913c34d30c0",
"90d028c9-1515-44e9-9bfe-3913c34d30c0",
"90d028c9-1515-44e9-9bfe-3913c34d30c0",
"90d028c9-1515-44e9-9bfe-3913c34d30c0"
],
"doc_name": [
"Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke",
"Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke",
"Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke",
"Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke",
"Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"2001 film by Deepak Shivdasani\nYeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke () is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film. It is a love triangle, directed by Deepak Shivdasani. It stars Ajay Devgn, Preity Zinta and Madhuri Dixit in the lead roles, along with Sunny Deol making an extended special appearance. \"Yeh Raaste Hai Pyaar Ke\" released on 10 August 2001, directly clashing with Farhan Akhtar's directorial debut \"Dil Chahta Hai\" also starring Zinta as well as Aamir Khan. The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics and performed decently at the box office. Plot. Two con artists and car thieves, Vicky (Ajay Devgn) and Sakshi (Preity Zinta), are faced with death when they accidentally kill Bhanwarlal's (Deep Dhillon) brother. Bhanwarlal and his other brother swear to avenge the death of their brother and mistakenly kill Rohit Verma (Ajay Devgn), who is a lookalike of Vicky. The mistaken identity causes Sakshi to think that Vicky is dead, and she is devastated. Meanwhile, unknown to Sakshi and Bhanwarlal, Vicky is alive and reaches Manali, where he is constantly confused for Rohit. On discovering Rohit's wealth, Vicky realizes that he has hit the jackpot and decides to play along.",
"Soon Rohit's father, Pratap Verma (Vikram Gokhale), arrives home to find Vicky in his bed. Vicky tries to trick Pratap Verma, but he already knows that Rohit is dead. He convinces Vicky to pose as Rohit for the sake of his daughter-in-law, Neha (Madhuri Dixit), who is in denial/shock to the fact that her husband died on the same day that they got married. He agrees to do the job for money. However, halfway through the job, he decides to grab the money and returns to Sakshi. They are about to forget all about Rohit and start a life of their own when Vicky discovers that he is responsible for Rohit's death since Bhanwarlal meant to kill him and not Rohit. He realizes the debt he owes to Rohit and decides to return, leaving Sakshi once again. Meanwhile, Sakshi's uncle and aunt try to have her marry Bhanwarlal's youngest brother. She runs away to Manali to be with Vicky. Vicky, at this point, can't tell Neha the truth and so tells Sakshi that he can't be with her. Soon, with the arrival of Bhanwarlal and Sakshi's aunt and uncle, the truth unravels. Finally, Neha realizes that her husband is actually dead, and she accepts the reality. Vicky and Sakshi get back together.",
"It is implied that Neha may find happiness again and start a new life with her childhood buddy, Sagar (Sunny Deol), who loved her from the beginning. Reception. Gautam Buragohain of \"Filmfare\" wrote that the film \"fails to make an impact\", although he noted the performances of the three leads, particularly that of Dixit. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Indian television series\nYeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke (transl. \"These Relationships Are of Love\"), popularly known as YRHPK is an Indian Hindi-language romance drama television series that premiered on 18 March 2019 on Star Plus. It is digitally available on Disney+ Hotstar. Produced by Rajan Shahi under the banner of Director's Kut Productions, it is a spin-off of Star Plus's \"Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai\". It starred Rhea Sharma and Shaheer Sheikh. It went off-air on 17 October 2020. Premise. Mishti, a young woman, is asked to marry the person of her family's choice. However, she feels that she must get a chance to know her life partner well before making the commitment. Production. Development. In June 2018, there were reports of \"Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai\" getting a spin-off. However, producer Rajan Shahi denied it. But, the plan for a spin-off was announced in January 2019. Talking about it producer Rajan Shahi said, \"We are working on a spin-off of \"Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai\", which completed 10 years recently. Sheikh has been signed on to play the male lead. He will be seen in a dynamic role, which will be different from his previous outings. I realised that some characters from the original show deserve to be explored further.\"",
"The team had a havan on their sets on 21 February 2019, for an auspicious beginning to their new journey. In February 2019, Shivangi Joshi introduced Rhea Sharma as Mishti. Soon, in March 2019, a promo based on marriage and courtship featuring Rhea Sharma, Lata Sabharwal, Sanjeev Seth, Pooja Joshi Arora, Kshitee Jog and Medha Jambodhkar was released. Later, rapper and singer Badshah with some female characters of other shows of Star Plus promoted the show along with Rhea Sharma. The next promo featured Shaheer Sheikh and Rhea Sharma with the song sung by Badshah. Days before its premiere, another promo featuring both on a roof of a bus was released. Casting. Rhea Sharma was selected to portray Mishti and Shaheer Sheikh to portray Abir. Shaheer Sheikh expressed <templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />“I relate to Abir’s character in so many ways and I love the fact that more than anything else, he wants to bring equality in the society. He wants all the parents to treat their kids the same way irrespective of their gender. He believes everyone has the right after a certain age to make their own decisions and follow what they believe."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "90d028c9-1515-44e9-9bfe-3913c34d30c0",
"doc_name": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke",
"doc_chunk": "2001 film by Deepak Shivdasani\nYeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke () is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film. It is a love triangle, directed by Deepak Shivdasani. It stars Ajay Devgn, Preity Zinta and Madhuri Dixit in the lead roles, along with Sunny Deol making an extended special appearance. \"Yeh Raaste Hai Pyaar Ke\" released on 10 August 2001, directly clashing with Farhan Akhtar's directorial debut \"Dil Chahta Hai\" also starring Zinta as well as Aamir Khan. The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics and performed decently at the box office. Plot. Two con artists and car thieves, Vicky (Ajay Devgn) and Sakshi (Preity Zinta), are faced with death when they accidentally kill Bhanwarlal's (Deep Dhillon) brother. Bhanwarlal and his other brother swear to avenge the death of their brother and mistakenly kill Rohit Verma (Ajay Devgn), who is a lookalike of Vicky. The mistaken identity causes Sakshi to think that Vicky is dead, and she is devastated. Meanwhile, unknown to Sakshi and Bhanwarlal, Vicky is alive and reaches Manali, where he is constantly confused for Rohit. On discovering Rohit's wealth, Vicky realizes that he has hit the jackpot and decides to play along.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 82b63fab-fb7a-462f-a7d1-5dae9997a038 | who invented the submarine during the civil war | H. L. Hunley (submarine) | [
"Horace Lawson Hunley"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62079 | 2 | {
"mapped_id": [
"82b63fab-fb7a-462f-a7d1-5dae9997a038",
"82b63fab-fb7a-462f-a7d1-5dae9997a038",
"82b63fab-fb7a-462f-a7d1-5dae9997a038",
"82b63fab-fb7a-462f-a7d1-5dae9997a038",
"82b63fab-fb7a-462f-a7d1-5dae9997a038"
],
"doc_name": [
"H. L. Hunley (submarine)",
"H. L. Hunley (submarine)",
"H. L. Hunley (submarine)",
"H. L. Hunley (submarine)",
"H. L. Hunley (submarine)"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Submarine of the Confederate States of America\nH. L. Hunley, also known as the Hunley, CSS \"H. L. Hunley, or CSS \"Hunley, was a submarine of the Confederate States of America that played a small part in the American Civil War. \"Hunley\" demonstrated the advantages and dangers of undersea warfare. She was the first combat submarine to sink a warship (), although \"Hunley\" was not completely submerged and, following her attack, was lost along with her crew before she could return to base. Twenty-one crewmen died in the three sinkings of \"Hunley\" during her short career. She was named for her inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, shortly after she was taken into government service under the control of the Confederate States Army at Charleston, South Carolina. \"Hunley\", nearly long, was built at Mobile, Alabama, and launched in July 1863. She was then shipped by rail on 12 August 1863 to Charleston. \"Hunley\" (then referred to as the \"fish boat\", the \"fish torpedo boat\", or the \"porpoise\") sank on 29 August 1863 during a test run, killing five members of her crew. She sank again on 15 October 1863, killing all eight of her second crew, including Horace Lawson Hunley himself, who was aboard at the time, even though he was not a member of the Confederate military. Both times \"Hunley\" was raised and returned to service.",
"On 17 February 1864, \"Hunley\" attacked and sank the 1,240-ton United States Navy screw sloop-of-war \"Housatonic\", which had been on Union blockade-duty in Charleston's outer harbor. \"Hunley\" did not survive the attack and sank, taking all eight members of her third crew with her, and was lost. Finally located in 1995, \"Hunley\" was raised in 2000 and is on display in North Charleston, South Carolina, at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center on the Cooper River. Examination in 2012 of recovered \"Hunley\" artifacts suggested that the submarine was as close as to her target, \"Housatonic\", when her deployed torpedo exploded, which caused the submarine's sinking. Historical context. The Civil War, April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865, was a domestic American war where the Union (also called the north) was locked in combat with the rebellious Confederates (also called the South). The Union comprised California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin. The Confederacy comprised Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. In the beginning of the war, combat was fought with bayonets, horses, wooden ships, and imprecise artillery.",
"During the course of the battle the weaponry changed and such things as: mines, accurate guns, more deadly bullets, torpedoes, and \"ironclad\" ships became a new standard. Though most of the fighting occurred on land, a critical element of the war was the power struggle at sea. Whichever side controlled the coastline also controlled the shipping imports from Europe and Coastal America, which contained critical resources such as clothes, food, artillery, medicine, and, at times, reinforcements. The Hunley was created to destroy the Union blockade and help gain this all-important coastline advantage. Predecessors. Horace Lawson Hunley provided financing for James McClintock to design three submarines: in New Orleans, Louisiana, built in Mobile, and \"Hunley\". While the United States Navy was constructing its first submarine , in late 1861, the Confederacy was developing their own. Likely having within them an incessant loyalty to the Confederate states as well as understanding the financial gains that would come from sinking enemy ships, Hunley, McClintock, and Baxter Watson first built \"Pioneer.\" She was tested in February 1862 in the Mississippi River and was later towed to Lake Pontchartrain for additional trials. The Union advance towards New Orleans caused the men to abandon development, however, and \"Pioneer\" was scuttled the following month. McClintock noted the significance that a boat capable of moving in any direction at any depth could be made, but ultimately decided that such a vessel could be improved. Hunley, Watson, and McClintock moved to Mobile to develop a second submarine, \"American Diver.\"",
"They collaborated with Park & Lyons machine shops owners, Thomas Park and Thomas Lyons, in the construction of the vessel. Their efforts were supported by the Confederate States Army. Lieutenant William Alexander of the 21st Alabama Infantry Regiment was assigned to oversee the project. The builders experimented with several methods of providing the new submarine with self-propulsion, including McClintock's electromagnetic drive, followed by a custom steam engine, but eventually settled on a simple hand-cranked propulsion system as they felt that the time and money lost in implementing such an engine would not be worth the trouble. \"American Diver\" was ready for harbor trials by January 1863, but she proved too slow to be practical. Nonetheless, it was decided to tow the submarine down the bay to Fort Morgan and attempt an attack on the Union blockade. However, the submarine foundered in the rough waters caused by foul weather and the currents at the mouth of Mobile Bay and sank. The crew escaped, but the boat was not recovered. Construction and testing. Construction of \"Hunley\" began soon after the loss of \"American Diver\". At this stage, \"Hunley\" was variously referred to as the \"fish boat\", the \"fish torpedo boat\", or the \"porpoise\". Legend held that \"Hunley\" was made from a cast-off steam boiler—perhaps because a cutaway drawing by William Alexander, who had seen her, showed a short and stubby machine. In fact, \"Hunley\" was designed and built for her role, and the sleek, modern-looking craft shown in R.G.",
"Skerrett's 1902 drawing is an accurate representation. Each end was equipped with ballast tanks that could be flooded by valves or pumped dry by hand pumps. Extra ballast was added using iron weights bolted to the underside of the hull. If the submarine needed additional buoyancy to rise in an emergency, the iron weight could be removed by unscrewing the heads of the bolts from inside the vessel. The hull of the ship is estimated to originally have been 4 feet 3 inches (1.30) in diameter. The two hatches, accessible by means of conning tower, located in the forward and aft of the vessel, are estimated to have originally measured at 16.5 inches (420 mm) in width and 21 inches (530 mm) in length. The small sizing of the hatches and the cramped quarters made entering, exiting, and maneuvering about the ship remarkably difficult. Hunley was designed for a crew of eight, seven to turn the hand-cranked ducted propeller at about 3.5 horsepower (2.6 kW), and one to steer and direct the boat. At the height of its speed, Hunley could reach 4 knots [Wills, 2017]. By July 1863, \"Hunley\" was ready for a demonstration. Supervised by Confederate Admiral Franklin Buchanan, \"Hunley\" successfully attacked a coal flatboat in Mobile Bay. Following this, the submarine was shipped by rail to Charleston, South Carolina, on 12 August 1863. However, the Confederate military seized the submarine from her private builders and owners shortly after arriving, turning her over to the Confederate Army."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
1,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "82b63fab-fb7a-462f-a7d1-5dae9997a038",
"doc_name": "H. L. Hunley (submarine)",
"doc_chunk": "Submarine of the Confederate States of America\nH. L. Hunley, also known as the Hunley, CSS \"H. L. Hunley, or CSS \"Hunley, was a submarine of the Confederate States of America that played a small part in the American Civil War. \"Hunley\" demonstrated the advantages and dangers of undersea warfare. She was the first combat submarine to sink a warship (), although \"Hunley\" was not completely submerged and, following her attack, was lost along with her crew before she could return to base. Twenty-one crewmen died in the three sinkings of \"Hunley\" during her short career. She was named for her inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, shortly after she was taken into government service under the control of the Confederate States Army at Charleston, South Carolina. \"Hunley\", nearly long, was built at Mobile, Alabama, and launched in July 1863. She was then shipped by rail on 12 August 1863 to Charleston. \"Hunley\" (then referred to as the \"fish boat\", the \"fish torpedo boat\", or the \"porpoise\") sank on 29 August 1863 during a test run, killing five members of her crew. She sank again on 15 October 1863, killing all eight of her second crew, including Horace Lawson Hunley himself, who was aboard at the time, even though he was not a member of the Confederate military. Both times \"Hunley\" was raised and returned to service.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 65e66530-5181-4e2c-ac79-8e87fa428ca7 | when did athens emerges as wealthiest greek city state | Economic history of Greece and the Greek world | [
"around the late 6th century BCE"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10623551 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"65e66530-5181-4e2c-ac79-8e87fa428ca7",
"65e66530-5181-4e2c-ac79-8e87fa428ca7",
"65e66530-5181-4e2c-ac79-8e87fa428ca7",
"65e66530-5181-4e2c-ac79-8e87fa428ca7",
"65e66530-5181-4e2c-ac79-8e87fa428ca7"
],
"doc_name": [
"Economic history of Greece and the Greek world",
"Economic history of Greece and the Greek world",
"Economic history of Greece and the Greek world",
"Economic history of Greece and the Greek world",
"Economic history of Greece and the Greek world"
],
"doc_chunk": [
" \nThe economic history of the Greek World spans several millennia and encompasses many modern-day nation states. Since the focal point of the center of the Greek World often changed it is necessary to enlarge upon all these areas as relevant to the time. The economic history of Greece refers to the economic history of the Greek nation state since 1829. Earliest Greek civilizations. Cycladic civilization. Cycladic civilization is the earliest trading center of goods. It was extensively distributed throughout the Aegean region. Minoan civilization. The Minoan civilization emerged on Crete around the time of the early Bronze Age, it had a wide range of economic interests and was something of a trade hub, exporting many items to mainland Greece as well as the Egyptian Empire of the period. The Minoans were also innovators, developing (or adopting) a system of lead weights to facilitate economic transactions. Despite this Minoan civilization remained, for the most part, an agriculturally driven one. Pigs and artists were an important part of the Minoan economy as they produced many goods that were valued in the trade as well as within Crete itself. The Linear B tablets often refer to men or to their work, although, there were also female artisans, who mainly worked in the textile industry. We also know from archaeological evidence that Minoan artisans practiced a large range of craftsmanship jobs including scribes, potters, metalworkers, leather workers, glass and faience artists, painters, sculptors, engravers, and jewelers.",
"Due to only a small amount of evidence about occupation, we do not know whether a worker might have mastered several trades, or fully specialized in one profession. There was an area set aside for artisans and their workshops in every palace, and in a town like Malia, they had both workshops in town and in the palace. The production of oil was an important activity in which Minoan artisans were engaged. There were a large number of oil jars found in the destroyed palaces that tell us of the importance of this industry everywhere in the world. Oil was an extremely important part of the perfume industry as it was used to clean dirt from the body, much like soap does today. Perfumes were also sprinkled on clothing, for aesthetic reasons. It is certain that perfumes were a luxury item of the Minoan trade. The bronze industries were also an important aspect of the Minoan economy and the art of bronze making was very common, suggested by the fact that evidence of bronze making was discovered in many towns, such as Phaistos and Zakro, but also as evidence in the area of Malia show that bronze making operations were flourishing in many of the palaces. It is believed that the Minoans imported tin and copper to make bronze ingots for other people. Evidence of this is shown in Egyptian tomb paintings where the Keftyw (people believed to be the Minoans) bring said ingots to the Egyptian king in gift exchange (The Egyptians and Minoans had a history of cultural exchange).",
"Other objects made from bronze have been found in numbers at Knossos, these include bronze mirrors, labrys, votive figures, knives, cleavers, and small bronze tools. The stone carving industry produced many vases and lamps, examples of which have been found at palaces and palatial villas throughout Minoan Crete. Another industry that contributed to the Minoan economy was the wine industry, which is mentioned in Linear A, but the small amounts referred to suggest it was a commodity reserved for the wealthier class. Mycenaean civilization. The Mycenaean civilization emerged during the late Bronze Age, supplanting the Minoans as the dominant economic force in the area. The Mycenaean economy itself was based on agriculture. The tablets from both Pylos and Knossos demonstrate that there were two major food-grains produced; wheat and barley. Agriculture was highly organised and this becomes apparent by the written records of deliveries of land produce, taxes in kind due to the palace, a hare set aside for the gods and so forth. The land used for agriculture was basically of two types, represented by the terms \"ko-to-na\" (ktoina) \"ki-ti-me-na\" and \"ko-to-na ke-ke-me-na\". The former refers to the privately owned land, the latter to the public one (owned by the damos). Cereals were used as the basis of the rations’ system both at Knossos and Pylos.",
"At Knossos, for example, the rations are quoted for a work-group composed of 18 men and 8 boys as 97.5 units of barley. Apart from cereals, the Mycenaeans also produced wine, olive oil, oil from various spices and figs. As far as wine is concerned, it does not figure in the ordinary ration lists and may have been something of a luxury or possibly for export. Mycenaean trade was very advanced and there is even evidence of an amber trade from Britain\nMetals were also a very important part of the Mycenaean economy, during the Mycenaean period there were five metals in use: gold, silver, copper, tin and lead. Iron was not unknown but was very rare. Therefore, bronze was the main metal for the making of tools and weapons. Although bronze was the most important metal for the Mycenaeans, it was relatively scarce and expensive. Our knowledge of the Mycenaean bronze industry comes entirely from Pylos where we have some information about smiths. Most of the tablets concerning bronze demonstrate a very tight control of the metal industry by the palace. Ancient Greece and the emergence of the 'Polis'. Greece's \"Dark Ages\". The Greek Dark Ages were a period of economic stagnation for the Greeks after the destruction of the complex Mycenaean economic system, the loss of the widespread written script Linear B meant that development was effectively stunted and living standards deteriorated. Basic trading patterns remained however. City States.",
"The emergence of the 'Polis' as the model for ideal governance following the end of the Greek Dark Ages heavily influenced the economy of the Greeks at the time. This period, of the 8th century BCE to the 4th century BCE is conventionally termed as 'Ancient Greece'. The main issues concerning the ancient Greek economy are related to the household (oikos) organization, the cities’ legislation and the first economic institutions, the invention of coinage and the degree of monetization of the Greek economy, the trade and its crucial role in the characterization of the economy (modernism vs. primitivism), the invention of banking and the role of slavery in the production. Athens. Athens emerged as the dominant economic power in Greece around the late 6th century BCE, this was further bolstered by the finding of several veins of silver in the neighbouring mountains which further added to their wealth. They facilitated an efficient trading system with other Greek city states. Again, pots and other forms of cooking utensils seem to have been the most quantitatively traded product (over 80,000 amphorae and other such things have been recovered from around Athens in archaeological digs). Marble and bronze artwork also seems to have been traded (though it was largely a luxury product, and this trade only really exploded after the rise of the Roman Republic, as Greek Art exerted a massive influence on Roman Culture on all levels). Athens began to import grain due to poor soil conditions however."
],
"support": [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "65e66530-5181-4e2c-ac79-8e87fa428ca7",
"doc_name": "Economic history of Greece and the Greek world",
"doc_chunk": "The emergence of the 'Polis' as the model for ideal governance following the end of the Greek Dark Ages heavily influenced the economy of the Greeks at the time. This period, of the 8th century BCE to the 4th century BCE is conventionally termed as 'Ancient Greece'. The main issues concerning the ancient Greek economy are related to the household (oikos) organization, the cities’ legislation and the first economic institutions, the invention of coinage and the degree of monetization of the Greek economy, the trade and its crucial role in the characterization of the economy (modernism vs. primitivism), the invention of banking and the role of slavery in the production. Athens. Athens emerged as the dominant economic power in Greece around the late 6th century BCE, this was further bolstered by the finding of several veins of silver in the neighbouring mountains which further added to their wealth. They facilitated an efficient trading system with other Greek city states. Again, pots and other forms of cooking utensils seem to have been the most quantitatively traded product (over 80,000 amphorae and other such things have been recovered from around Athens in archaeological digs). Marble and bronze artwork also seems to have been traded (though it was largely a luxury product, and this trade only really exploded after the rise of the Roman Republic, as Greek Art exerted a massive influence on Roman Culture on all levels). Athens began to import grain due to poor soil conditions however.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 7ddb9352-d380-447c-8478-60cfc9227c80 | what is the origin of the name marilyn | Marilyn (given name) | [
"a blend of the English given names Mary and Lynn"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=368814 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"7ddb9352-d380-447c-8478-60cfc9227c80",
"7ddb9352-d380-447c-8478-60cfc9227c80",
"7ddb9352-d380-447c-8478-60cfc9227c80",
"7ddb9352-d380-447c-8478-60cfc9227c80",
"7ddb9352-d380-447c-8478-60cfc9227c80"
],
"doc_name": [
"Marilyn (given name)",
"Given name",
"Given name",
"Given name",
"Given name"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Marilyn is a feminine given name. Origin and meaning. Marilyn is a blend of the English given names Mary and Lynn. First record of the name \nMarilyn: Marilyn Spencer Foster born 1510 in England. It began to be used increasingly in the 1920s, and it reached its peak of popularity in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Variants of the name includes: Maralyn, Marelyn, Marilynn, Marlyn, Marylyn, Marrilyn, Marillyn, Merilyn, Merrelyn and Merrilyn. Merrelyn. A variation of Marylin is Merrelyn, sometimes spelled as \"Merrilyn\". Notable people with the name include:\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Name listThis page or section lists people that share the same given name.",
"Part of a personal name\nA given name (also known as a forename or first name) is the part of a personal name that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a family or clan) who have a common surname. The term \"given name\" refers to a name usually bestowed at or close to the time of birth, usually by the parents of the newborn. A \"Christian name\" is the first name which is given at baptism, in Christian custom. In informal situations, given names are often used in a familiar and friendly manner. In more formal situations, a person's surname is more commonly used. The idioms \" and 'being on first-name terms' refer to the familiarity inherent in addressing someone by their given name. By contrast, a surname (also known as a family name, last name, or \"gentile\" name) is normally inherited and shared with other members of one's immediate family. Regnal names and religious or monastic names are special given names bestowed upon someone receiving a crown or entering a religious order; such a person then typically becomes known chiefly by that name. Name order. The order \"given name – family name\", commonly known as \"Western name order\", is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by European culture, including North and South America; North, East, Central and West India; Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines.",
"The order \"family name – given name\", commonly known as \"Eastern name order\", is primarily used in East Asia (for example in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Vietnam, among others, and by Malaysian Chinese), as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India, and as a standard in Hungary. This order is also used to various degrees and in specific contexts in other European countries, such as Austria and adjacent areas of Germany (that is, Bavaria), and in France, Switzerland, Belgium, Greece and Italy, possibly because of the influence of bureaucracy, which commonly puts the family name before the given name. In China and Korea, part of the given name may be shared among all members of a given generation within a family and extended family or families, in order to differentiate those generations from other generations. The order \"given name – father's family name – mother's family name\" is commonly used in several Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. The order \"given name – mother's family name – father's family name\" is commonly used in Portuguese-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today, people in Spain and Uruguay can rearrange the order of their names legally to this order. The order \"given name - father's given name - grandfather's given name\" (often referred to as \"triple name\") is the official naming order used in Arabic countries (for example Saudi Arabia, Iraq and United Arab Emirates). Compound. In many Western cultures, people often have multiple given names.",
"Most often the first one in sequence is the one that a person goes by, although exceptions are not uncommon, such as in the cases of John Edgar Hoover (J. Edgar) and Dame Mary Barbara Hamilton Cartland (Barbara). The given name might also be used in compound form, as in, for example, John Paul or a hyphenated style like Bengt-Arne. A middle name might be part of a compound given name or might be, instead, a maiden name, a patronymic, or a baptismal name. In England, it was unusual for a person to have more than one given name until the seventeenth century when Charles James Stuart (King Charles I) was baptised with two names. That was a French fashion, which spread to the English aristocracy, following the royal example, then spread to the general population and became common by the end of the eighteenth century. Some double-given names for women were used at the start of the eighteenth century but were used together as a unit: Anna Maria, Mary Anne and Sarah Jane. Those became stereotyped as the typical names of servants and so became unfashionable in the nineteenth century. Double names remain popular in the Southern United States. Double names are also common among Vietnamese names to make repeated name in the family. For example, Đặng Vũ Minh Anh and Đặng Vũ Minh Ánh, are two sisters with the given names Minh Anh and Minh Ánh. Initials.",
"Sometimes, a given name is used as just an initial, especially in combination with the middle initial (such as with H. G. Wells), and more rarely as an initial while the middle name is not one (such as with L. Ron Hubbard). Legal status. A child's given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a naming ceremony, with family and friends in attendance. In most jurisdictions, a child's name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate, or its equivalent. In Western cultures, people normally retain the same given name throughout their lives. However, in some cases these names may be changed by following legal processes or by repute. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions. In certain jurisdictions, a government-appointed registrar of births may refuse to register a name for the reasons that it may cause a child harm, that it is considered offensive, or if it is deemed impractical. In France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, such as Sweden, restrict the spelling of names. In Denmark, one does not need to register a given name for the child until the child is six months old, and in some cases, one can even wait a little longer than this before the child gets an official name. Origins and meanings. Parents may choose a name because of its meaning."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "7ddb9352-d380-447c-8478-60cfc9227c80",
"doc_name": "Marilyn (given name)",
"doc_chunk": "Marilyn is a feminine given name. Origin and meaning. Marilyn is a blend of the English given names Mary and Lynn. First record of the name \nMarilyn: Marilyn Spencer Foster born 1510 in England. It began to be used increasingly in the 1920s, and it reached its peak of popularity in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Variants of the name includes: Maralyn, Marelyn, Marilynn, Marlyn, Marylyn, Marrilyn, Marillyn, Merilyn, Merrelyn and Merrilyn. Merrelyn. A variation of Marylin is Merrelyn, sometimes spelled as \"Merrilyn\". Notable people with the name include:\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Name listThis page or section lists people that share the same given name.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 0078f48f-b72d-4b72-b386-cc4086c9e9ee | who sings i feel love with the blue man group | Venus Hum | [
"Annette Strean"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=426037 | 2 | {
"mapped_id": [
"0078f48f-b72d-4b72-b386-cc4086c9e9ee",
"0078f48f-b72d-4b72-b386-cc4086c9e9ee",
"0078f48f-b72d-4b72-b386-cc4086c9e9ee",
"0078f48f-b72d-4b72-b386-cc4086c9e9ee",
"0078f48f-b72d-4b72-b386-cc4086c9e9ee"
],
"doc_name": [
"Venus Hum",
"Venus Hum",
"Hum Hum",
"Hum Hum",
"Hum"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Venus Hum is an electronic pop music group from Nashville, Tennessee, consisting of vocalist Annette Strean and multi-instrumentalists Kip Kubin and Tony Miracle. Miracle has a rare heart condition which results in perpetually hearing his own heartbeat in his ears. This condition is known as \"venous hum\", from which the group's name is derived. Their first full-length album, titled \"Venus Hum\", was released in 2001. \"Big Beautiful Sky\" was released two years later. Also in 2003, Venus Hum toured with and opened for Blue Man Group, with Strean providing vocals on \"I Feel Love\". After their collaboration with J. J. Abrams (\"Alias\", \"Lost\", \"\"), and their subsequent creation of the EP \"Songs for Superheroes\", it was uncertain whether Venus Hum would release any new material. Strean had developed painful vocal fold nodules and needed a speech pathologist to relearn her singing ability. Kip diversified, furthering his interest in filmmaking, becoming a director of music videos, electronic press kits and special features. Tony traveled, living in Los Angeles and Cincinnati and releasing an experimental solo album under the moniker \"Satellite City\". After a two-year hiatus, the group reorganized and released a new album, \"The Colors in the Wheel\" on July 25, 2006, under the Mono-Fi Records label, which they described as \"unconventional, three-dimensional and completely five-sensual\" featuring an edgier sound than their previous work.",
"In the second half of 2008, Venus Hum returned to the studio to work on material for a new album, culminating in the October 6th, 2009 release of \"Mechanics & Mathematics\". \"Best Remodeled\", a remix album, was released on November 18, 2016. From July through December 2020, the band released a series of singles which were later included on the album \"Kindness Rages On\", released on August 23, 2021. Blue Man Group. Annette Strean provided vocals for Blue Man Group's cover of \"I Feel Love\" on their 2003 album \"The Complex\". Venus Hum opened for Blue Man Group on The Complex Rock Tour, and performed with them as well. The band was featured as \"rock concert movement number sixty-three.\" \"I Feel Love\" was released as a single in 2004. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Hum Hum () or Ham Ham, known by locals as Cheetah Falls (), is a waterfall in the Rajkandi reserve forest in Kamalganj Upazila of Moulvibazar District in Bangladesh. The height of the waterfall has not been accurately determined, but sources approximate it to be . No official efforts have been made to develop access to the waterfall. Typically, tourists rely on local guides to navigate their way to the fountain. History. Discovery. The discovery of Hum Hum waterfall is attributed to a group of tourists accompanied by tourist guide Shyamal Deva Barma, either in late 2010 or 2009, depending on varying sources. Toponymy. The naming of the waterfall \"Hum Hum\" has sparked various interpretations. Some suggest it originates from \"Hammam,\" signifying a bathhouse, while others attribute it to the Sylheti term \"a-m a-m,\" denoting the sound of rushing water, akin to the waterfall's roar, leading urban tourists to call it \"Hum Hum.\" Environment. The path to the waterfall is adorned with wild trees like Jarul, Chikrashi, and Kadam, attracting colorful butterflies. Spectacled monkeys can be seen moving among the branches of Dumur trees. The forest is lush with diverse vegetation, including natural bamboo forests with species like Dolu, Muli, Mitinga, and Kali. To reach the waterfall, visitors must navigate through dense jungle and cross several streams, as there is no government infrastructure in the vicinity.",
"The stream cascades down the mountainside, flowing over large rocks through countless species of creepers with a gurgling sound. Plummeting from a height of approximately , the stream navigates through rocky terrain, carving its path amidst lush hills adorned with diverse vegetation. Transportation and navigation. Visitors can travel from Dhaka to Sreemangal Upazila in Sylhet by bus or train. Upon reaching Sreemangal, they can opt for an autorickshaw or a four-wheeler (locally known as \"jeep\") to reach Kolabonpara (also known as Tellaingbari), which is the last village in Kamalganj Upazila near Champarai Tea Estate, located in Kurma forest beat. Beyond this point, human habitation dwindles, marking the start of the journey to Hum Hum waterfall. The journey involves crossing the steep Mokam Tila hill and navigating muddy paths and streams. Quicksand may occasionally form along these paths, with no tourist guidance available. Moreover, travelers must trek through dense jungle for hours, facing encounters with monkeys, snakes, mosquitoes, and leeches along the way. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Hum or HUM may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title ."
],
"support": [
1,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "0078f48f-b72d-4b72-b386-cc4086c9e9ee",
"doc_name": "Venus Hum",
"doc_chunk": "Venus Hum is an electronic pop music group from Nashville, Tennessee, consisting of vocalist Annette Strean and multi-instrumentalists Kip Kubin and Tony Miracle. Miracle has a rare heart condition which results in perpetually hearing his own heartbeat in his ears. This condition is known as \"venous hum\", from which the group's name is derived. Their first full-length album, titled \"Venus Hum\", was released in 2001. \"Big Beautiful Sky\" was released two years later. Also in 2003, Venus Hum toured with and opened for Blue Man Group, with Strean providing vocals on \"I Feel Love\". After their collaboration with J. J. Abrams (\"Alias\", \"Lost\", \"\"), and their subsequent creation of the EP \"Songs for Superheroes\", it was uncertain whether Venus Hum would release any new material. Strean had developed painful vocal fold nodules and needed a speech pathologist to relearn her singing ability. Kip diversified, furthering his interest in filmmaking, becoming a director of music videos, electronic press kits and special features. Tony traveled, living in Los Angeles and Cincinnati and releasing an experimental solo album under the moniker \"Satellite City\". After a two-year hiatus, the group reorganized and released a new album, \"The Colors in the Wheel\" on July 25, 2006, under the Mono-Fi Records label, which they described as \"unconventional, three-dimensional and completely five-sensual\" featuring an edgier sound than their previous work.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 702a5f8b-b978-47c5-8db3-fae23e5dc6e6 | where did the battle of corinth take place | Siege of Corinth | [
"Corinth, Mississippi"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1972613 | 5 | {
"mapped_id": [
"702a5f8b-b978-47c5-8db3-fae23e5dc6e6",
"702a5f8b-b978-47c5-8db3-fae23e5dc6e6",
"702a5f8b-b978-47c5-8db3-fae23e5dc6e6",
"702a5f8b-b978-47c5-8db3-fae23e5dc6e6",
"702a5f8b-b978-47c5-8db3-fae23e5dc6e6"
],
"doc_name": [
"Siege of Corinth",
"Siege of Corinth",
"Siege of Corinth",
"Siege of Corinth",
"Siege of Corinth"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Major battle of the American Civil War\nThe siege of Corinth (also known as the first battle of Corinth) was an American Civil War engagement lasting from April 29 to May 30, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. A collection of Union forces under the overall command of Major General Henry Halleck engaged in a month-long siege of the city, whose Confederate occupants were commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The siege resulted in the capture of the town by Federal forces. The town was a strategic point at the junction of two vital railroad lines, the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. Former Confederate Secretary of War LeRoy Pope Walker called this intersection \"the vertebrae of the Confederacy.\" Halleck argued: \"Richmond and Corinth are now the great strategic points of the war, and our success at these points should be insured at all hazards.\" Another reason for the town's importance was that, if captured by Union forces, it would threaten the security of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and render Southern control of the track west of that East Tennessee bastion meaningless. The siege ended when the outnumbered Confederates withdrew on May 29. This effectively cut off the prospect of further Confederate attempts to regain western Tennessee. The Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant took control and made it the base for Grant's operations to seize control of the Mississippi River Valley and especially the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi.",
"Grant later recalled in his memoirs the importance Corinth held in the cause of a Union victory in the region: \"Corinth was a valuable strategic point for the enemy to hold, and consequently a valuable one for us to possess ourselves of.\" General C. S. Hamilton later recounted that the importance of Corinth was summed up as such: \"The Confederate armies had been driven from the Ohio River, almost out of the States of Tennessee and Kentucky a steadying back for a distance of 200 miles Federal occupation reaching the Gulf States where chivalrous foes had been sure Yankee would never set foot.\" Sherman too later wrote of the importance that Corinth held after the Second Battle of Corinth was concluded: \"In Memphis I could see its effects upon the citizens, and they openly admitted that their cause had sustained a death-blow.\" With the siege of Corinth completed, Federal troops had the opportunity to strike towards Vicksburg or Chattanooga, but it was after the Second Battle of Corinth that October that Grant struck for Vicksburg. The Siege of Corinth was described by Major General Sherman as a change in the tactics in West Tennessee: \"The effect of the battle of Corinth was very great. It was, indeed, a decisive blow to the Confederate cause in our quarter, and changed the whole aspect of affairs in West Tennessee. From the timid defensive we were at once enabled to assume the bold offensive.\" Background. Military situation.",
"Following the Union Army victory at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6–7, Major General Henry Halleck amassed three Union armies —the Army of the Tennessee, the Army of the Ohio, and the Army of the Mississippi— for an advance on the vital rail center of Corinth, Mississippi. Made cautious by the staggering losses at Shiloh, Halleck embarked on a tedious campaign of offensive entrenchment, fortifying after each advance. By May 25, 1862, after moving five miles in three weeks, Halleck was in position to lay siege to the town. Confederate morale was low and Beauregard was outnumbered two to one. The water was bad. Typhoid and dysentery had felled thousands of his men. At a council of war, the Confederate officers concluded that they could not hold the railroad crossover. Sickness had claimed the lives of as many men as the Confederacy had lost at Shiloh. Opposing forces. Union. The Department of the Mississippi, commanded by Henry Halleck, was divided into three wings. Each wing corresponded to one of the three armies under his command. It totaled 120,172 men present for duty. Confederate. The Army of Mississippi, commanded by General P. G. T. Beauregard, who also held overall command of all Confederate forces at Corinth, consisted of 45,440 men on April 30.",
"It was divided into four corps:\nThe Army of the West, commanded by Major General Earl Van Dorn, consisted of 12,901 men under the divisions of Major General Samuel Jones, Major General Sterling Price, and Major General John P. McCown. Battle. Monterey. The federal division under Stanley moved south down the road to Corinth to search for the enemy on April 29, 1862. Brigadier General Elliot with 16 companies of cavalry including the 2nd Iowa Cavalry Regiment and part of the 2nd Michigan Cavalry Regiment, made contact with Confederate pickets of Forrest's 3rd Tennessee Cavalry Regiment who retreated rapidly leaving some infantry of Patton Anderson's brigade in camp unprepared. The 2nd Iowa captured 11 men in its dash. Then 2nd Iowa entered Monterey and captured more of the enemy. The 2nd Iowa continued until it came to a bridge opposed by Washington's Louisiana Battery and Colonel Kelly's men of 3rd Tennessee Cavalry Regiment. The 2nd Iowa charged into canister fire and lost one killed and three wounded. The 2nd Iowa retired some distance away. Kelly reported one or two of his men killed and no mention of captured. Farmington. Of Halleck's wing commanders Pope proved to be the most aggressive during the campaign. Pope led the army's Left Wing and was furthest away from Halleck's headquarters. On May 3 Pope moved forward and captured the town of Farmington only a few miles from Corinth. Instead of moving the center wing under Buell forward, Halleck ordered Pope to withdraw and realign with Buell.",
"Beauregard ordered Van Dorn to attack Pope's advanced wing on May 9. Pope made a successful withdrawal and rejoined with Buell. Bragg, who also participated in the attack, had 25,000 men. The Union Army had 12,000 troops on hand. Van Dorn's corps, barely engaged, had 9 casualties. Daniel Ruggles' division of Bragg's Corp, on the other hand, which bore the brunt of the fighting, suffered casualties of 8 dead, 89 wounded and two missing or captured. The Union Army had 16 killed, 148 wounded and 14 missing or captured. The 8th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment was ordered to draw the enemy out as to count their numbers and they withdrew to a swamp north of town. Wisconsin 8th reported 5 killed, 14 severely wounded, and 19 slightly wounded. The eagle, Old Abe, accompanied the Wisconsin 8th Infantry. The 5th Minnesota Infantry Regiment arrived in Corinth on May 24 and reported to Pope, in the field before Corinth, Miss., and were assigned to the Second Brigade, First Division, Army of the Mississippi. The regiment had hardly time to establish its camp and realize its surroundings before it was brought into action. On the 28th of May, four days after it had reached the front, it participated in the tail end of the battle of Farmington, contributing a number of killed and wounded. Russell's House."
],
"support": [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "702a5f8b-b978-47c5-8db3-fae23e5dc6e6",
"doc_name": "Siege of Corinth",
"doc_chunk": "Major battle of the American Civil War\nThe siege of Corinth (also known as the first battle of Corinth) was an American Civil War engagement lasting from April 29 to May 30, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. A collection of Union forces under the overall command of Major General Henry Halleck engaged in a month-long siege of the city, whose Confederate occupants were commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The siege resulted in the capture of the town by Federal forces. The town was a strategic point at the junction of two vital railroad lines, the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. Former Confederate Secretary of War LeRoy Pope Walker called this intersection \"the vertebrae of the Confederacy.\" Halleck argued: \"Richmond and Corinth are now the great strategic points of the war, and our success at these points should be insured at all hazards.\" Another reason for the town's importance was that, if captured by Union forces, it would threaten the security of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and render Southern control of the track west of that East Tennessee bastion meaningless. The siege ended when the outnumbered Confederates withdrew on May 29. This effectively cut off the prospect of further Confederate attempts to regain western Tennessee. The Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant took control and made it the base for Grant's operations to seize control of the Mississippi River Valley and especially the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 889f4bb9-3edd-418c-85ba-2dacc801fd56 | when did brent barry won the dunk contest | Brent Barry | [
"1996"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=633925 | 2 | {
"mapped_id": [
"889f4bb9-3edd-418c-85ba-2dacc801fd56",
"889f4bb9-3edd-418c-85ba-2dacc801fd56",
"889f4bb9-3edd-418c-85ba-2dacc801fd56",
"889f4bb9-3edd-418c-85ba-2dacc801fd56",
"889f4bb9-3edd-418c-85ba-2dacc801fd56"
],
"doc_name": [
"Brent Barry",
"Brent Barry",
"Brent Barry",
"Brent Barry",
"Brent Barry"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"American former basketball player (born 1971)\nBrent Robert Barry (born December 31, 1971), also known by the nickname \"Bones\", is an American basketball coach, executive, broadcaster and former player. He is currently an Assistant coach for the Phoenix Suns. The shooting guard played professionally in the National Basketball Association (NBA), winning two league championships with the Spurs in 2005 and 2007, and also won the Slam Dunk Contest in 1996. He is the son of Basketball Hall of Famer Rick Barry. After retiring, Barry worked as a sports commentator for the \"NBA on TNT\" and was a studio host for the NBA TV show \"NBA Gametime\". In 2018, he returned to the Spurs as an executive. He is also a commentator of the \"NBA 2K\" series and has been a commentator since the release of \"NBA 2K21\". Early life. Barry was born on December 31, 1971, in Hempstead, New York. He is the son of Hall of Famer Rick Barry. He attended De La Salle High School in Concord, California. College career. Barry played four years on the Beavers basketball team of Oregon State University after redshirting his freshman season. Barry graduated from Oregon State with a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology in 1995. Professional career. Brent Barry was selected by the Denver Nuggets in the first round (15th pick) of the 1995 NBA draft, but was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers on draft night in a four-player trade with Rodney Rogers for the second overall pick in the draft (Antonio McDyess) and Randy Woods.",
"Barry was generally considered a good passer and had three seasons where he averaged more than five assists per game. Barry was also a strong three-point shooter and shot 40% from the three-point line. These two strengths, combined with Barry's frame, allowed him to play a variety of positions, including point guard, shooting guard, and small forward; because he was taller than most traditional point guards, he was often considered a point forward when he was running the offense. He was on the San Antonio Spurs championship teams in 2005 and 2007. He won the Slam Dunk Contest in the NBA All-Star Weekend in 1996 with a Julius Erving-inspired slam dunk in which he took off from the free throw line to sail in and dunk one-handed. He was the first white player to win the competition. Los Angeles Clippers (1995–1998). After being drafted by the Denver Nuggets, Barry was traded immediately to the Los Angeles Clippers. In his rookie season, Brent made 123 3-pointers, which broke the current rookie record. There, Barry would average 10.4 points and 38% on three-point field goals in 179 games. In his second season, he and the Clippers attempted a playoff run where Barry would average 11.7 points, his highest in the postseason. The Clippers only played in three games (one series; 1996–97) during the postseason while Barry was there. Miami Heat (1998). Barry was traded to the Miami Heat the day before the February 20 trade deadline from Los Angeles for Isaac Austin.",
"In Miami, Barry would only play 17 games, not starting any of them, averaging only 4.1 points. Chicago Bulls (1999). Barry signed with the Bulls on January 25, 1999, and signed a 6-year $27 million contract. After sustaining an injury, he played only 37 of the 50 games played that season, starting 30 of those games, averaging 11.1 points. Failing to fill the void of a Jordan-less Bulls, the team traded Brent for Hersey Hawkins and James Cotton from Seattle on August 12, 1999. Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2004). Brent spent five seasons with the Seattle SuperSonics. Brent would begin his Seattle career as a back-up for fellow Oregon State alumnus Gary Payton. He would eventually move to play the point position as a starter, and filled in when needed as a small forward. There he would average 11.2 points, make 669 three-point shots, and start the majority of his NBA career (296 out of 328 games), and total 4,107 points. In Seattle he would play 10 postseason games, starting eight of those, the most in his career thus far. San Antonio Spurs (2004–2008). In the summer of 2004, Barry was signed as a free agent by the San Antonio Spurs, where he spent most of the season as a backup. After losing their first playoff game to the Denver Nuggets in the 2005 NBA playoffs, San Antonio inserted Barry into the starting lineup. The Spurs' new lineup helped them beat the Nuggets in the series four games to one.",
"Later in those same playoffs, Barry earned his first championship ring when the Spurs defeated the Detroit Pistons in the 2005 NBA Finals. Brent and his father, Rick Barry, are the second father-son duo to each win an NBA Championship as a player; the first was Matt Guokas, Sr. and his son Matt Guokas, Jr. The only other father-son duos are Bill Walton and his son Luke Walton, Mychal Thompson and his son Klay Thompson and Gary Payton and his son Gary Payton II. In June 2007, he won his second NBA championship ring when the Spurs swept the Cleveland Cavaliers 4–0. In January 2008, Barry tore his right calf muscle. On February 20, 2008, (not too long after his injury) Barry, along with Francisco Elson and a 2009 first-round draft pick, were traded by the San Antonio Spurs back to the Seattle SuperSonics in exchange for forward/center Kurt Thomas. Barry was waived the following day by the Sonics. After a mandatory 30-day waiting period, he re-signed with San Antonio on March 24, 2008, for one year with the possibility for the 2009–2010 season at Veteran Minimum. Coming off of injury Barry did not see very much playing time in the first two rounds of the 2008 NBA playoffs. Barry would shine against the Lakers in the Western Conference finals, however, getting 23 points in Game 4, with a controversial no-call foul with 2 seconds on the clock. The Spurs would lose the series in 5 games, however. San Antonio provided Barry with the most playoff experience (71 games) of his career.",
"He totaled 356 3-point shots made and 1,888 points. Houston Rockets (2008–2009). Barry opted out of his contract and became a free agent on July 1, 2008. On July 10, Barry signed a 2-year contract with the Houston Rockets, becoming the third member of the family to join the franchise. His father, Rick, ended his career playing two seasons with the Rockets (1978–1980) and his older brother, Jon, also finished his career with the Rockets, playing from 2004 to 06. Financial terms were not released. Brent's other brother Richard Francis \"Scooter\" Barry IV (born August 13, 1966) is also a retired American professional basketball player. On October 23, 2009, Brent Barry's career ended when he was cut by the Rockets at the end of training camp, leading Barry to later remark that \"all the Barrys were buried in Houston\". Post-playing career. In 2013, Barry began making regular appearances on NBA TV's \"The Starters\" in his own segment: \"The Bone Zone\". He was a fill-in analyst for the \"NBA on TNT\" coverage, and was a play-by-play announcer for their \"Players Only\" broadcast starting in 2016. He was partnered with Ian Eagle for TNT's coverage of the 2018 NBA playoffs. In 2018, Barry joined the San Antonio Spurs' front office as their vice president of basketball operations. In August 2024, Barry was hired as an assistant coach for the Phoenix Suns. Personal life."
],
"support": [
1,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "889f4bb9-3edd-418c-85ba-2dacc801fd56",
"doc_name": "Brent Barry",
"doc_chunk": "American former basketball player (born 1971)\nBrent Robert Barry (born December 31, 1971), also known by the nickname \"Bones\", is an American basketball coach, executive, broadcaster and former player. He is currently an Assistant coach for the Phoenix Suns. The shooting guard played professionally in the National Basketball Association (NBA), winning two league championships with the Spurs in 2005 and 2007, and also won the Slam Dunk Contest in 1996. He is the son of Basketball Hall of Famer Rick Barry. After retiring, Barry worked as a sports commentator for the \"NBA on TNT\" and was a studio host for the NBA TV show \"NBA Gametime\". In 2018, he returned to the Spurs as an executive. He is also a commentator of the \"NBA 2K\" series and has been a commentator since the release of \"NBA 2K21\". Early life. Barry was born on December 31, 1971, in Hempstead, New York. He is the son of Hall of Famer Rick Barry. He attended De La Salle High School in Concord, California. College career. Barry played four years on the Beavers basketball team of Oregon State University after redshirting his freshman season. Barry graduated from Oregon State with a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology in 1995. Professional career. Brent Barry was selected by the Denver Nuggets in the first round (15th pick) of the 1995 NBA draft, but was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers on draft night in a four-player trade with Rodney Rogers for the second overall pick in the draft (Antonio McDyess) and Randy Woods.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | ed4a8ac4-865e-450e-a9ef-82e48abd3653 | what type of joint connects the incus with the malleus | Incudomalleolar joint | [
"incudomallear joint"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37323893 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"ed4a8ac4-865e-450e-a9ef-82e48abd3653",
"ed4a8ac4-865e-450e-a9ef-82e48abd3653",
"ed4a8ac4-865e-450e-a9ef-82e48abd3653",
"ed4a8ac4-865e-450e-a9ef-82e48abd3653",
"ed4a8ac4-865e-450e-a9ef-82e48abd3653"
],
"doc_name": [
"Incudomalleolar joint",
"Joint",
"Joint",
"Joint",
"Joint"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Synovial joint between malleus and incus\nThe incudomalleolar joint (more correctly called incudomallear joint) or articulatio incudomallearis is a small synovial joint between the malleus (hammer) and the incus (anvil). The joint's function is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear, which is perceived as sound. Contrary to other synovial joints the movement is very limited. All of the ossicles move more or less as a unit, at least at low frequencies. When the eardrum is moved inward due to sound vibrations, transferred through the outer ear, it transmits to the handle or manubrium of the malleus which is connected to the ear drum. The head of the malleus (caput mallei) moves with it and transfers energy/movement to the corpus of the incus (corpus incudis), which is located directly behind. The sound vibrations are then transferred to the stapes (stirrup) through the incudostapedial joint.",
"Location at which two or more bones make contact\nA joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's skeletal system into a functional whole. They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movement. Some joints, such as the knee, elbow, and shoulder, are self-lubricating, almost frictionless, and are able to withstand compression and maintain heavy loads while still executing smooth and precise movements. Other joints such as sutures between the bones of the skull permit very little movement (only during birth) in order to protect the brain and the sense organs. The connection between a tooth and the jawbone is also called a joint, and is described as a fibrous joint known as a gomphosis. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally. Classification. The number of joints depends on if sesamoids are included, age of the human and the definition of joints. However, the number of sesamoids is the same in most people with variations being rare. Joints are mainly classified structurally and functionally. Structural classification is determined by how the bones connect to each other, while functional classification is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones. In practice, there is significant overlap between the two types of classifications. Structural classification (binding tissue). Structural classification names and divides joints according to the type of binding tissue that connects the bones to each other. There are four structural classifications of joints:\nFunctional classification (movement).",
"Joints can also be classified functionally according to the type and degree of movement they allow: Joint movements are described with reference to the basic anatomical planes. Joints can also be classified, according to the number of axes of movement they allow, into nonaxial (gliding, as between the proximal ends of the ulna and radius), monoaxial (uniaxial), biaxial and multiaxial. Another classification is according to the degrees of freedom allowed, and distinguished between joints with one, two or three degrees of freedom. A further classification is according to the number and shapes of the articular surfaces: flat, concave and convex surfaces. Types of articular surfaces include trochlear surfaces. Biomechanical classification. Joints can also be classified based on their anatomy or on their biomechanical properties. According to the anatomic classification, joints are subdivided into \"simple\" and \"compound\", depending on the number of bones involved, and into \"complex\" and \"combination\" joints:\nAnatomical. The joints may be classified anatomically into the following groups:\nUnmyelinated nerve fibers are abundant in joint capsules and ligaments, as well as in the outer part of intra-articular menisci. These nerve fibers are responsible for pain perception when a joint is strained. Clinical significance. Damaging the cartilage of joints (articular cartilage) or the bones and muscles that stabilize the joints can lead to joint dislocations and osteoarthritis. Swimming is a great way to exercise the joints with minimal damage.",
"A joint disorder is termed arthropathy, and when involving inflammation of one or more joints the disorder is called arthritis. Most joint disorders involve arthritis, but joint damage by external physical trauma is typically not termed arthritis. Arthropathies are called \"polyarticular\" (multiarticular) when involving many joints and \"monoarticular\" when involving only a single joint. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 55. There are many different forms of arthritis, each of which has a different cause. The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis (also known as degenerative joint disease), occurs following trauma to the joint, following an infection of the joint or simply as a result of aging and the deterioration of articular cartilage. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that abnormal anatomy may contribute to early development of osteoarthritis. Other forms of arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, which are autoimmune diseases in which the body is attacking itself. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Gouty arthritis is caused by deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint that results in subsequent inflammation. Additionally, there is a less common form of gout that is caused by the formation of rhomboidal-shaped crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. This form of gout is known as pseudogout.",
"Temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ) involves the jaw joints and can cause facial pain, clicking sounds in the jaw, or limitation of jaw movement, to name a few symptoms. It is caused by psychological tension and misalignment of the jaw (malocclusion), and may be affecting as many as 75 million Americans. History. Etymology. The English word \"joint\" is a past participle of the verb \"join\", and can be read as \"joined\". Joint is derived from Latin \"iunctus\", past participle of the Latin verb \"iungere\", join, unite, connect, attach. The English term \"articulation\" is derived from Latin \"articulatio\". Humans have also developed lighter, more fragile joint bones over time due to the decrease in physical activity compared to thousands of years ago. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "ed4a8ac4-865e-450e-a9ef-82e48abd3653",
"doc_name": "Incudomalleolar joint",
"doc_chunk": "Synovial joint between malleus and incus\nThe incudomalleolar joint (more correctly called incudomallear joint) or articulatio incudomallearis is a small synovial joint between the malleus (hammer) and the incus (anvil). The joint's function is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear, which is perceived as sound. Contrary to other synovial joints the movement is very limited. All of the ossicles move more or less as a unit, at least at low frequencies. When the eardrum is moved inward due to sound vibrations, transferred through the outer ear, it transmits to the handle or manubrium of the malleus which is connected to the ear drum. The head of the malleus (caput mallei) moves with it and transfers energy/movement to the corpus of the incus (corpus incudis), which is located directly behind. The sound vibrations are then transferred to the stapes (stirrup) through the incudostapedial joint.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | fcfb8d25-069f-4934-b649-dd31aebaa661 | when was the day that the pubs ran dry in the poem 9-3 | Llanelli RFC | [
"31 October 1972"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2697758 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"fcfb8d25-069f-4934-b649-dd31aebaa661",
"fcfb8d25-069f-4934-b649-dd31aebaa661",
"fcfb8d25-069f-4934-b649-dd31aebaa661",
"fcfb8d25-069f-4934-b649-dd31aebaa661",
"fcfb8d25-069f-4934-b649-dd31aebaa661"
],
"doc_name": [
"Llanelli RFC",
"Llanelli RFC",
"Llanelli RFC",
"Llanelli RFC",
"Llanelli RFC"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Welsh rugby union football club\nLlanelli Rugby Football Club () is a Welsh rugby union club founded on 30 March 1872. The club's historic home ground was Stradey Park in Llanelli, but they moved in 2008 to the new Parc y Scarlets in adjacent Pemberton. The club song is \"Sosban Fach\", a Welsh song meaning \"Little Saucepan\", which is sometimes sung by the club's fans during matches as the club anthem. The team colours are scarlet and white. Following the 2003 regionalisation of Welsh rugby, Llanelli is now a feeder club to the Scarlets regional team. Club history. In the beginning. After attending a Good Friday service in chapel, a group of young athletes from Llanelli met to discuss the formation of a new rugby club in the area. One of those men was John D. Rogers, a young industrialist who had learned to play rugby union football at Rugby School, the game's birthplace. He was assisted by C. Hilton, who became the club's inaugural honorary secretary. On Easter Saturday, 30 March 1872, the group reconvened to confirm the formation of Llanelli RFC. However, due to a lack of opposition and the limitations of transport at that time, no other town club was within a suitable travelling distance until 1875–76. The club used People's Park in Llanelli for practice. The playing kit was dark blue, with high-collared jerseys and tight trousers that reached well below the knee, and blue caps.",
"Up until then Llanelli and Neath were the only first-class clubs in Wales (Neath being one year older). The early years. Llanelli's first recorded match was against Carmarthen Quins, on 21 December 1875 at People's Park. Unfortunately, the match had to be abandoned due to bad weather and the result is recorded as a 0–0 draw. The club's second fixture, at the same venue on 1 January 1876, was against Cambrian Club, a team based in Swansea. Two days later they played their first away fixture, against Carmarthen Quins at Picton Court, Carmarthen. This was followed by a match at Felinfoel against Swansea RFC on 5 February 1876. Arthur Buchanan had the honour of being the first captain of Llanelli RFC. He died prematurely after accidentally shooting himself. In September 1879, it was announced that the club were to move from People's Park, having acquired the Stradey cricket ground for their practices and matches. The first official match played at the new home was against Neath in the Challenge Cup on 29 November 1879. A further kit change saw Llanelli RFC play in black before the team colours changed to rose and primrose stripes for the 1882/1883 season. In 1883/84, they changed again to red and chocolate quarters. However, on Easter Monday, 14 April 1884, the Llanelli team took the field in scarlet jerseys, complete with scarlet gold-braided caps.",
"The occasion was the visit of the full Irish team, which had played Wales on the previous Saturday and stopped off on their way home. From that date, the scarlet jersey became permanent and Llanelli RFC became known throughout the rugby world as The Scarlets. Nearly 120 years later, the club's nickname also became the name of the regional team, Scarlets. The Scarlets. Llanelli's first major trophies came in 1884 and 1886 with the South Wales Challenge Cup, the forerunner of the modern Welsh Cup. December 1888 saw the team beat a touring New Zealand Natives team by 3–0, with a dropped goal from Harry Bowen. The team claimed their first full international scalp in 1908 when they beat Australia 8–3. This would be the first of many famous victories over touring international sides. Players who wore the Scarlet jersey in this pre-war era included Albert Jenkins, who scored over 121 tries for the club as a centre. After the war Lewis Jones was one of the stars of the game. He was capped by Wales aged just 18 in 1950, and was instrumental in their Grand Slam win that year. However just two years later, he switched codes from the then amateur rugby union to the professional rugby league and signed for Leeds for a then record amount of £6,000. Success was, however, not away from Stradey for long. A victory over Australia came in 1967 and the club was about to enter what many would argue was its strongest era.",
"Players at Llanelli during the 1970s included Ray Gravell, Gareth Jenkins, Delme Thomas, Phil Bennett, and Derek Quinnell; and the team was coached by Carwyn James and assisted by former captain and Wales international hooker Norman Gale. The day the pubs ran dry. \"9–3\" is a poem by Welsh comedian and singer Max Boyce and refers to the match between Llanelli and the New Zealand All Blacks at Stradey Park in front of 26,000 supporters on 31 October 1972. Llanelli took a 6–0 lead through a converted try but New Zealand struck back to make it 6–3. A long distance Andy Hill penalty ensured Llanelli emerged victors by 9–3 and the crowd famously ran onto the pitch at the end and carried off players such as Delme Thomas. The poem is best known for the line \"The day the pubs ran dry\", as huge celebrations followed and many pubs in the town sold out of all alcoholic drinks. Cup success. The next notable period for Llanelli RFC was during the late 1980s and early 1990s. With players such as Ieuan Evans amongst the squad, Llanelli won the Welsh Cup five times in eight years between 1985 and 1993 including in consecutive seasons in 1991,1992 and 1993. They achieved their most recent success against international opponents when they beat Australia, the world champions at the time, in 1992.",
"Rupert Moon was captain when they won the cup and league which earned Llanelli the title of Best Team in Britain for the 1992–1993 season as well as the nickname \"Cup Kings of Wales\" due to their success in the Welsh Cup. The late 1990s and early years of the 21st century also produced many Welsh internationals including Rupert Moon, Ricky Evans, Wayne Proctor, Scott Quinnell and Stephen Jones. The side reached the semi-finals of the Heineken Cup three times: in 2000 against Northampton Saints who went on to win the trophy, in 2002 against Leicester Tigers and in 2007 against Leicester Tigers again. In the first match against Leicester, Llanelli appeared to be going to their first final as they led 12–10 in injury time. But Leicester were awarded a penalty 8 metres inside their own half; Tim Stimpson's kick for goal bounced off both the post and crossbar before just falling over the post to deny Llanelli. Prior to the regional era, Llanelli RFC were considered the third most successful team in European club rugby, having played the third largest number of games (behind Toulouse and Munster) in the Heineken Cup due to the club's consistency in qualifying for the knockout stages of the tournament. However, they have never won the competition. The regional era. Top-level professional rugby changed at Llanelli RFC in 2003 when Llanelli's first team was rebranded, as part of the WRU's move to five professional teams, as Llanelli Scarlets and Llanelli RFC became the club's premiership brand."
],
"support": [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "fcfb8d25-069f-4934-b649-dd31aebaa661",
"doc_name": "Llanelli RFC",
"doc_chunk": "Players at Llanelli during the 1970s included Ray Gravell, Gareth Jenkins, Delme Thomas, Phil Bennett, and Derek Quinnell; and the team was coached by Carwyn James and assisted by former captain and Wales international hooker Norman Gale. The day the pubs ran dry. \"9–3\" is a poem by Welsh comedian and singer Max Boyce and refers to the match between Llanelli and the New Zealand All Blacks at Stradey Park in front of 26,000 supporters on 31 October 1972. Llanelli took a 6–0 lead through a converted try but New Zealand struck back to make it 6–3. A long distance Andy Hill penalty ensured Llanelli emerged victors by 9–3 and the crowd famously ran onto the pitch at the end and carried off players such as Delme Thomas. The poem is best known for the line \"The day the pubs ran dry\", as huge celebrations followed and many pubs in the town sold out of all alcoholic drinks. Cup success. The next notable period for Llanelli RFC was during the late 1980s and early 1990s. With players such as Ieuan Evans amongst the squad, Llanelli won the Welsh Cup five times in eight years between 1985 and 1993 including in consecutive seasons in 1991,1992 and 1993. They achieved their most recent success against international opponents when they beat Australia, the world champions at the time, in 1992.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 6f8912fe-2506-43c2-a729-12d716043c5f | who designed the traffic circle in long beach ca | Los Alamitos Circle | [
"German engineer Werner Ruchti"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5742752 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"6f8912fe-2506-43c2-a729-12d716043c5f",
"6f8912fe-2506-43c2-a729-12d716043c5f",
"6f8912fe-2506-43c2-a729-12d716043c5f",
"6f8912fe-2506-43c2-a729-12d716043c5f",
"6f8912fe-2506-43c2-a729-12d716043c5f"
],
"doc_name": [
"Los Alamitos Circle",
"Los Alamitos Circle",
"Los Alamitos Circle",
"Los Alamitos",
"Los Alamitos Derby"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"<templatestyles src=\"Infobox road/styles.css\" />\nThe Los Alamitos Traffic Circle, informally known as the Long Beach Traffic Circle (or just the \"Traffic Circle\", as there is only one other high volume traffic circle in Southern California), is a roundabout at the intersection of Lakewood Boulevard (State Route 19), Pacific Coast Highway (State Route 1/former U.S. Route 101 Alternate) and Los Coyotes Diagonal in Long Beach, California. The intersection was originally constructed as a traffic circle in 1930 and reconstructed as a modern roundabout in 1993. History. In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach. The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was one of the first of its kind to be constructed in the United States, and prior to their truncation, was also an end point of US 6 (which connects Provincetown, Massachusetts some to the east) and US 91. Reclassification. In 1993, the circle was converted from an old-style traffic circle to a modern roundabout by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). This was the first such conversion in the United States. Yield signs replaced Stop signs, giving drivers inside the circle the right of way, which increased traffic flow efficiency.",
"PCH (the main thoroughfare) was given an additional entry lane at both north and south bound routes. Also added were widened feeder lanes, and dedicated lanes for traffic traveling only 90 of the 360 degrees of the circle - the equivalent of a right turn at a traditional American traffic light. After the conversion, both the total auto accident and the injury rate significantly dropped, making the circle one of the safest statistically in the nation. The aforementioned modifications ran a cost of $350,000. In 2020, lane controls and shoulder striping were added to the roundabout to change it from being unmarked inside the roundabout to a maximum two-lane roundabout with lane controls for entering and exiting the roundabout. The west side of the roundabout (adjacent to the eastbound entrance from and westbound exit to Pacific Coast Highway) was reduced to one lane inside the roundabout through the installation of asphalt truck apron at that section. The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was very similar to the 1932 Garces Memorial Circle located in Bakersfield, though the Bakersfield circle has not undergone modernization to roundabout standards. Present day. Today the circle handles over 60,000 vehicles a day, mostly commuters from Orange County in the south heading to jobs in the South Bay area of Los Angeles County. The roadway is now owned by the State of California but managed by the City of Long Beach in cooperation with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The city provides landscaping and vehicle code/traffic enforcement, while the state provides road maintenance. In addition to the main traffic circle, there is also an Outer Traffic Circle that is concentric with the main roundabout.",
"The artery Atherton Street ends at the Outer Traffic Circle and does not continue toward the main roundabout\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"Los Alamitos (\"The Little Cottonwoods\" in Spanish) can mean:\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .",
"The Los Alamitos Derby (formerly the Swaps Stakes) is a race for Thoroughbred horses run annually at Los Alamitos Race Course in Los Alamitos, California. The race is open to three-year-old horses and is contested at one and one-eighth miles on the dirt. A Listed event, it currently carries a purse of $100,000. Before 2014, the race was called the Swaps Stakes and was run at Hollywood Park Racetrack before its closure in 2013. At that point, it moved to Los Alamitos. Prior to 1973 Hollywood Park's stakes schedule included the Hollywood Derby (prior to 1959 named the Westerner), a 1<templatestyles src=\"Fraction/styles.css\" />1⁄4 mile stakes run on dirt which tended to attract top 3 year olds. Horses such as Round Table, Bold Reason, and Riva Ridge won the Hollywood Derby after competing in the U.S. Triple Crown. When the Hollywood Derby changed to 1<templatestyles src=\"Fraction/styles.css\" />1⁄2 miles on the turf in 1973, there was no 1<templatestyles src=\"Fraction/styles.css\" />1⁄4 mile dirt race to attract top 3 year olds from the Triple Crown series. Management decided to add the Swaps Stakes, named in honor of the notable California-bred 1955 Kentucky Derby winner Swaps, to the 1974 July stakes schedule to fill that void."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "6f8912fe-2506-43c2-a729-12d716043c5f",
"doc_name": "Los Alamitos Circle",
"doc_chunk": "<templatestyles src=\"Infobox road/styles.css\" />\nThe Los Alamitos Traffic Circle, informally known as the Long Beach Traffic Circle (or just the \"Traffic Circle\", as there is only one other high volume traffic circle in Southern California), is a roundabout at the intersection of Lakewood Boulevard (State Route 19), Pacific Coast Highway (State Route 1/former U.S. Route 101 Alternate) and Los Coyotes Diagonal in Long Beach, California. The intersection was originally constructed as a traffic circle in 1930 and reconstructed as a modern roundabout in 1993. History. In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach. The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was one of the first of its kind to be constructed in the United States, and prior to their truncation, was also an end point of US 6 (which connects Provincetown, Massachusetts some to the east) and US 91. Reclassification. In 1993, the circle was converted from an old-style traffic circle to a modern roundabout by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). This was the first such conversion in the United States. Yield signs replaced Stop signs, giving drivers inside the circle the right of way, which increased traffic flow efficiency.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 947aec7e-ebf5-4eeb-9bf4-204f8deb79f4 | the oligodynamic effect is a phenomenon that describes | Oligodynamic effect | [
"a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2095134 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"947aec7e-ebf5-4eeb-9bf4-204f8deb79f4",
"947aec7e-ebf5-4eeb-9bf4-204f8deb79f4",
"947aec7e-ebf5-4eeb-9bf4-204f8deb79f4",
"947aec7e-ebf5-4eeb-9bf4-204f8deb79f4",
"947aec7e-ebf5-4eeb-9bf4-204f8deb79f4"
],
"doc_name": [
"Oligodynamic effect",
"Oligodynamic effect",
"Oligodynamic effect",
"Oligodynamic effect",
"Oligodynamic effect"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Toxic effect of metal ions on living cells\nThe oligodynamic effect (from Greek \"oligos\", \"few\", and \"dynamis\", \"force\") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. This effect is attributed to the antibacterial behavior of metal ions, which are absorbed by bacteria upon contact and damage their cell membranes. In modern times, the effect was observed by Carl Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent. Mechanism. The metals react with thiol (-SH) or amine (-NH(1,2,3)) groups of proteins, a mode of action to which microorganisms may develop resistance. Such resistance may be transmitted by plasmids. List of uses. Aluminium. Aluminium has been found to compete with iron and magnesium and bind to DNA, membranes, or cell walls, leading to its toxic effect on microbes, such as cyanobacteria, soil bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Aluminium triacetate (Burow's solution) is used as an astringent mild antiseptic. Antimony. Orthoesters of diarylstibinic acids are fungicides and bactericides, used in paints, plastics, and fibers. Trivalent organic antimony was used in therapy for schistosomiasis. Arsenic. For many decades, arsenic was used medicinally to treat syphilis.",
"It is still used in sheep dips, rat poisons, wood preservatives, weed killers, and other pesticides. Arsenic is poisonous if it enters the human body. Barium. Barium polysulfide is a fungicide and acaricide used in fruit and grape growing. Bismuth. Bismuth compounds have been used because of their astringent, antiphlogistic, bacteriostatic, and disinfecting actions. In dermatology bismuth subgallate is still used in vulnerary salves and powders as well as in antimycotics. In the past, bismuth has also been used to treat syphilis and malaria. Boron. Boric acid esters derived from glycols (example, organo-borate formulation, \"Biobor JF\") are being used for the control of microorganisms in fuel systems containing water. Copper. Brass vessels release a small amount of copper ions into stored water, thus killing fecal bacterial counts as high as 1 million bacteria per milliliter. Copper sulfate mixed with lime (Bordeaux mixture) is used as a fungicide and antihelminthic. Copper sulfate is used chiefly to destroy green algae (algicide) that grow in reservoirs, stock ponds, swimming pools, and fish tanks. Copper 8-hydroxyquinoline is sometimes included in paint to prevent mildew. Paint containing copper is used on boat bottoms to prevent barnacle growth (biofouling).",
"Copper also has the ability to destroy viruses, such as influenza viruses, noroviruses or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Gold. Gold is used in dental inlays and inhibits the growth of bacteria. Lead. Physicians prescribed various forms of lead to heal ailments ranging from constipation to infectious diseases such as the plague. Lead was also used to preserve or sweeten wine. Lead arsenate is used in insecticides and herbicides. Some organic lead compounds are used as industrial biocides: thiomethyl triphenyllead is used as an antifungal agent, cotton preservative, and lubricant additive; thiopropyl triphenyllead as a rodent repellant; tributyllead acetate as a wood and cotton preservative; tributyllead imidazole as a lubricant additive and cotton preservative. Mercury. Phenylmercuric borate and acetate were used for disinfecting mucous membranes at an effective concentration of 0.07% in aqueous solutions. Due to toxicological and ecotoxicological reasons phenylmercury salts are no longer in use. However, some surgeons use mercurochrome despite toxicological objections. Mercurochrome is still available to purchase in Australia to use on minor wounds. Dental amalgam used in fillings inhibits bacterial reproduction.",
"Organic mercury compounds have been used as topical disinfectants (thimerosal, nitromersol, and merbromin) and preservatives in medical preparations (thimerosal) and grain products (both methyl and ethyl mercurials). Mercury was used in the treatment of syphilis. Calomel was commonly used in infant teething powders in the 1930s and 1940s. Mercurials are also used agriculturally as insecticides and fungicides. Nickel. The toxicity of nickel to bacteria, yeasts, and fungi differs considerably. Silver. The metabolism of bacteria is adversely affected by silver ions at concentrations of 0.01–0.1 mg/L. Therefore, even less soluble silver compounds, such as silver chloride, also act as bactericides or germicides, but not the much less soluble silver sulfide. In the presence of atmospheric oxygen, metallic silver also has a bactericidal effect due to the formation of silver oxide, which is soluble enough to cause it. Even objects with a solid silver surface (e.g., table silver, silver coins, or silver foil) have a bactericidal effect. Silver drinking vessels were carried by military commanders on expeditions for protection against disease. It was once common to place silver foil or even silver coins on wounds for the same reason. Silver sulfadiazine is used as an antiseptic ointment for extensive burns. An equilibrium dispersion of colloidal silver with dissolved silver ions can be used to purify drinking water at sea.",
"Silver is incorporated into medical implants and devices such as catheters. Surfacine (silver iodide) is a relatively new antimicrobial for application to surfaces. Silver-impregnated wound dressings have proven especially useful against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Silver nitrate is used as a hemostatic, antiseptic and astringent. At one time, many states required that the eyes of newborns be treated with a few drops of silver nitrate to guard against an infection of the eyes called gonorrheal neonatal ophthalmia, which the infants might have contracted as they passed through the birth canal. Silver ions are increasingly incorporated into many hard surfaces, such as plastics and steel, as a way to control microbial growth on items such as toilet seats, stethoscopes, and even refrigerator doors. Among the newer products being sold are plastic food containers infused with silver nanoparticles, which are intended to keep food fresher, and silver-infused athletic shirts and socks, which claim to minimize odors. Thallium. Thallium compounds such as thallium sulfate have been used for impregnating wood and leather to kill fungal spores and bacteria, and for the protection of textiles from attack by moths. Thallium sulfate has been used as a depilatory and in the treatment of venereal disease, skin fungal infections, and tuberculosis. Tin."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "947aec7e-ebf5-4eeb-9bf4-204f8deb79f4",
"doc_name": "Oligodynamic effect",
"doc_chunk": "Toxic effect of metal ions on living cells\nThe oligodynamic effect (from Greek \"oligos\", \"few\", and \"dynamis\", \"force\") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. This effect is attributed to the antibacterial behavior of metal ions, which are absorbed by bacteria upon contact and damage their cell membranes. In modern times, the effect was observed by Carl Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent. Mechanism. The metals react with thiol (-SH) or amine (-NH(1,2,3)) groups of proteins, a mode of action to which microorganisms may develop resistance. Such resistance may be transmitted by plasmids. List of uses. Aluminium. Aluminium has been found to compete with iron and magnesium and bind to DNA, membranes, or cell walls, leading to its toxic effect on microbes, such as cyanobacteria, soil bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Aluminium triacetate (Burow's solution) is used as an astringent mild antiseptic. Antimony. Orthoesters of diarylstibinic acids are fungicides and bactericides, used in paints, plastics, and fibers. Trivalent organic antimony was used in therapy for schistosomiasis. Arsenic. For many decades, arsenic was used medicinally to treat syphilis.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | a4fdfc3e-f77f-407a-8d16-781d5720e7fd | where does kfc get their chicken in south africa | KFC in South Africa | [
"reared in South Africa"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42427940 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"a4fdfc3e-f77f-407a-8d16-781d5720e7fd",
"a4fdfc3e-f77f-407a-8d16-781d5720e7fd",
"a4fdfc3e-f77f-407a-8d16-781d5720e7fd",
"a4fdfc3e-f77f-407a-8d16-781d5720e7fd",
"a4fdfc3e-f77f-407a-8d16-781d5720e7fd"
],
"doc_name": [
"KFC in South Africa",
"KFC",
"KFC",
"KFC",
"KFC"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Fast food chain in South Africa\nKFC is the largest fast food chain in South Africa. South Africa represents the twelfth largest market for KFC. Operations. As of 2021, there are 960 KFC outlets in South Africa, and the fast food chain has more outlets in the country than any other fast food brand. Ten percent of outlets are company owned, and 90 percent are franchise owned. Outlets sell the regional pap dish as well as other dishes unique to their menu in South Africa. South Africa is one of the few countries where KFC does not sell PepsiCo owned soft drinks, due to the company's historically small presence in the country. All of the chicken sold is reared in South Africa. History. KFC first entered the South African market in 1971. The company was forced to divest its 60 company owned outlets and trademarks to a South African holding company called Devco in 1987 after the US Congress passed a law forbidding American companies from owning South African assets. The company's 120 franchised outlets were not affected. KFC continued to collect an administrative fee from Devco. The company reacquired its former assets when sanctions were lifted in 1994. By 1994 there were around 300 KFC outlets in the country. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"American fast food restaurant chain\nKFC Corporation, doing business as KFC (also commonly referred to by its historical name Kentucky Fried Chicken), is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken. Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with over 30,000 locations globally in 150 countries as of April 2024[ [update]]. The chain is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains. KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders (1890–1980), an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky, during the Great Depression. Sanders identified the potential of the restaurant franchising concept and the first \"Kentucky Fried Chicken\" franchise opened in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1952. KFC popularized chicken in the fast-food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the hamburger. By branding himself as \"Colonel Sanders\", Harland became a prominent figure of American cultural history and his image remains widely used in KFC advertising to this day. However, the company's rapid expansion overwhelmed the aging Sanders and he sold it to a group of investors led by John Y. Brown Jr. and Jack C. Massey in 1964. KFC was one of the first American fast-food chains to expand internationally, opening outlets in Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico and Jamaica by the mid-1960s.",
"Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, it experienced mixed fortunes domestically, as it went through a series of changes in corporate ownership with little or no experience in the restaurant business. In the early 1970s, KFC was sold to the spirits distributor Heublein, which was taken over by the R. J. Reynolds food and tobacco conglomerate; that company sold the chain to PepsiCo. The chain continued to expand overseas, however, and in 1987 it became the first Western restaurant chain to open in China. It has since expanded rapidly in China, which is now the company's single largest market. PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants, which later changed its name to Yum! Brands. KFC's original product is pressure-fried chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders' signature recipe of \"11 herbs and spices\". The constituents of the recipe are a trade secret. Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard \"bucket\", which has become a feature of the chain since it was first introduced by franchisee Pete Harman in 1957. Since the early 1990s, KFC has expanded its menu to offer other chicken products such as chicken fillet sandwiches and wraps, as well as salads and side dishes such as French fries and coleslaw, desserts and soft drinks; the latter often supplied by PepsiCo. KFC is known for its slogans \"It's Finger Lickin' Good! \", \"Nobody does chicken like KFC\", \"We do chicken right\", and \"So good\".",
"<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC limit/styles.css\" />\nHistory. Sanders Court & Café. Harland Sanders was born in 1890 and raised on a farm outside Henryville, Indiana (near Louisville, Kentucky). When Sanders was five years old, his father died, forcing his mother to work at a canning plant. This left Sanders, as the eldest son, to care for his two younger siblings. After he reached seven years of age, his mother taught him how to cook. After leaving the family home at the age of 13, Sanders passed through several professions with mixed success. In 1930, Sanders took over a Shell filling station on U.S. Route 25 just outside North Corbin, Kentucky, a small town on the edge of the Appalachian Mountains. It was here that he first served to travelers the recipes that he had learned as a child: fried chicken and other dishes such as steaks and country ham. After four years of serving from his own dining room table, Sanders purchased the larger filling station on the other side of the road and expanded to six tables. By 1936, this had proven successful enough for Sanders to be given the honorary title of Kentucky Colonel by Governor Ruby Laffoon. In 1937 he expanded his restaurant to 142 seats and added a motel he purchased across the street, naming it Sanders Court & Café. Sanders was unhappy with the 35 minutes it took to prepare his chicken in an iron frying pan, but he refused to deep fry the chicken, which he believed lowered the quality of the product.",
"If he pre-cooked the chicken in advance of orders, there was sometimes wastage at day's end. In 1939, the first commercial pressure cookers were released onto the market, mostly designed for steaming vegetables. Sanders bought one and modified it into a pressure fryer, which he then used to fry chicken. The new method reduced production time to be comparable with deep frying while, in the opinion of Sanders, retaining the quality of pan-fried chicken. \"Original Recipe\" and franchising. In July 1940, Sanders finalised what came to be known as his \"Original Recipe\" of 11 herbs and spices. Although he never publicly revealed the recipe, he said the ingredients included salt and pepper and that the rest \"stand on everybody's shelf\". After being recommissioned as a Kentucky Colonel in 1950 by Governor Lawrence Wetherby, Sanders began to dress the part, growing a goatee, wearing a black frock coat (later switched to a white suit) and a string tie and referring to himself as \"the Colonel\". His associates went along with the title change, \"jokingly at first and then in earnest\", according to biographer Josh Ozersky. In 1952, Sanders franchised his recipe to his friend Pete Harman of South Salt Lake, Utah, the operator of one of the city's largest restaurants. The Sanders Court & Café generally served travelers, so when the route planned in 1955 for Interstate 75 bypassed his properties, Sanders sold them and traveled the US to franchise his recipe to restaurant owners."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "a4fdfc3e-f77f-407a-8d16-781d5720e7fd",
"doc_name": "KFC in South Africa",
"doc_chunk": "Fast food chain in South Africa\nKFC is the largest fast food chain in South Africa. South Africa represents the twelfth largest market for KFC. Operations. As of 2021, there are 960 KFC outlets in South Africa, and the fast food chain has more outlets in the country than any other fast food brand. Ten percent of outlets are company owned, and 90 percent are franchise owned. Outlets sell the regional pap dish as well as other dishes unique to their menu in South Africa. South Africa is one of the few countries where KFC does not sell PepsiCo owned soft drinks, due to the company's historically small presence in the country. All of the chicken sold is reared in South Africa. History. KFC first entered the South African market in 1971. The company was forced to divest its 60 company owned outlets and trademarks to a South African holding company called Devco in 1987 after the US Congress passed a law forbidding American companies from owning South African assets. The company's 120 franchised outlets were not affected. KFC continued to collect an administrative fee from Devco. The company reacquired its former assets when sanctions were lifted in 1994. By 1994 there were around 300 KFC outlets in the country. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | d5e1769b-40cc-43e7-9f64-f8ebff4fdbcb | who was the first executive president of guyana | Arthur Chung | [
"Arthur Chung"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1801519 | 2 | {
"mapped_id": [
"d5e1769b-40cc-43e7-9f64-f8ebff4fdbcb",
"d5e1769b-40cc-43e7-9f64-f8ebff4fdbcb",
"d5e1769b-40cc-43e7-9f64-f8ebff4fdbcb",
"d5e1769b-40cc-43e7-9f64-f8ebff4fdbcb",
"d5e1769b-40cc-43e7-9f64-f8ebff4fdbcb"
],
"doc_name": [
"Arthur Chung",
"Arthur Chung",
"Arthur Chung",
"Arthur Chung Conference Centre",
"Ho Chung Chung"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"President of Guyana from 1970 to 1980\nArthur Raymond Chung (10 January 1918 – 23 June 2008) was President of Guyana from 17 March 1970 to 6 October 1980. He was the first ethnic Chinese (Chinese Caribbean) to be head of state in a non-Asian country. A leader in Guyana's fight for independence during the British colonial era, he was honoured with Guyana's highest national honour, the Order of Excellence (O.E.). Early life and career. Chung was born into a Chinese Guyanese family at Windsor Forest at West Coast Demerara in British Guiana; he was the youngest of Joseph and Lucy Chung's eight children. Arthur was educated at Windsor Forest, Blankenburg, and Modern High School. In 1954, he married another native of Windsor Forest, Doreen Pamela Ng-See-Quan, with whom he had one daughter and one son. Before civic service, Chung was an apprentice surveyor and sworn land surveyor. In the early 1940s, Chung entered the Middle Temple of London, England and qualified as a barrister in 1947. He returned to Guyana and was later appointed an acting magistrate. He became a magistrate in 1954 and a senior magistrate in 1960. Chung also served as Registrar of Deeds and of the Supreme Court. He then became a puisne judge and finally an Appeal Court Judge in 1963. Presidency. When Guyana became a republic under the leadership of Forbes Burnham in 1970, the Guyanese National Assembly elected Chung President, making him the first President of Guyana; he took office on 17 March 1970.",
"In addition, the powers of President Arthur Chung was the Commander-in-Chief of Guyana's Armed Forces and chancellor of the Orders of Guyana. Ten years later, a constitutional revision transformed the presidency into an executive position, and Burnham succeeded Chung as President on 6 October 1980. During his time as President of Guyana, the office was that of a ceremonial head of state with the powers of the Governor-General of Guyana, while Prime Minister Forbes Burnham was the head of government. During his presidency, on June 27, 1972, Guyana established formal diplomatic relations with China, making Guyana the first English-speaking Caribbean country to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. In 1977, President Chung of Guyana visited China and met with officials and ambassadors. Later years. Chung died aged 90 on 23 June 2008 at his home at Bel Air Springs, Georgetown. In the two months prior to his death he had been hospitalized a number of times, and he was last released from the hospital on 20 June. A week after his death, he was buried at the Seven Ponds in the Botanical Gardens. Legacy. In 2015, it was announced that the Guyana International Conference Centre (GICC) would be renamed the \"Arthur Chung Convention Centre\" to commemorate President Arthur Chung, and newly elected President David A. Granger stated: \"I would like the first President in this country to be remembered. ... this is the 45th anniversary year of becoming a Republic and Mr Chung was the first person of Chinese descent who was President in a non-Asian country and it was historic.\"",
"After undergoing rehabilitative work, the Arthur Chung Convention Centre was recommissioned in June 2018. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"The Arthur Chung Conference Centre is a convention and exhibition centre in Georgetown, Guyana. It is located next to the Secretariat of the Caribbean Community. Overview. The convention centre was constructed in 2006, and was initially named Guyana International Conference Centre. The convention centre is a gift from the People's Republic of China, and became the preferred location for venues, and was often used by CARICOM for conferences. In 2015, the centre was renamed to Arthur Chung Conference Centre in honour of Arthur Chung, the first president of Guyana who was of Chinese (Hakka Han) ethnicity. The Chinese Government had offered a 10-year agreement for repairs. In 2016, the centre closed for repairs and reconstruction. It reopened on 8 June 2018 with a 500-seat main hall, an eastern conference room of 220 people and a western conference room of 120. The main halls has been fitted with sliding walls to allow the creation of up to five smaller rooms. The renovation was carried out by the China Railway Group Limited. During the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–21, the centre was temporarily used by the National Assembly in order to meet physical distance requirements. External links.",
"Hong Kong educator (1906–1979)\nHo Chung Chung MBE JP (; 1906-1979) was an educator in Hong Kong. She was the principal of the True Light Middle School of Hong Kong from 1946 to 1974. She was awarded an honorary doctorate of humane letters from the Western College for Women, Ohio, in 1959 and an honorary D.Litt. from the University of Hong Kong in 1975. She was appointed MBE in the 1955 New Year Honours. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />"
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
1,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "d5e1769b-40cc-43e7-9f64-f8ebff4fdbcb",
"doc_name": "Arthur Chung",
"doc_chunk": "In addition, the powers of President Arthur Chung was the Commander-in-Chief of Guyana's Armed Forces and chancellor of the Orders of Guyana. Ten years later, a constitutional revision transformed the presidency into an executive position, and Burnham succeeded Chung as President on 6 October 1980. During his time as President of Guyana, the office was that of a ceremonial head of state with the powers of the Governor-General of Guyana, while Prime Minister Forbes Burnham was the head of government. During his presidency, on June 27, 1972, Guyana established formal diplomatic relations with China, making Guyana the first English-speaking Caribbean country to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. In 1977, President Chung of Guyana visited China and met with officials and ambassadors. Later years. Chung died aged 90 on 23 June 2008 at his home at Bel Air Springs, Georgetown. In the two months prior to his death he had been hospitalized a number of times, and he was last released from the hospital on 20 June. A week after his death, he was buried at the Seven Ponds in the Botanical Gardens. Legacy. In 2015, it was announced that the Guyana International Conference Centre (GICC) would be renamed the \"Arthur Chung Convention Centre\" to commemorate President Arthur Chung, and newly elected President David A. Granger stated: \"I would like the first President in this country to be remembered. ... this is the 45th anniversary year of becoming a Republic and Mr Chung was the first person of Chinese descent who was President in a non-Asian country and it was historic.\"",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | c24062ec-7f86-4b59-b21d-db66b716c6d9 | who was the famous scientist that ran the research lab moseley went to in manchester | Henry Moseley | [
"Sir Ernest Rutherford"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14454 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"c24062ec-7f86-4b59-b21d-db66b716c6d9",
"c24062ec-7f86-4b59-b21d-db66b716c6d9",
"c24062ec-7f86-4b59-b21d-db66b716c6d9",
"c24062ec-7f86-4b59-b21d-db66b716c6d9",
"c24062ec-7f86-4b59-b21d-db66b716c6d9"
],
"doc_name": [
"Henry Moseley",
"Henry Moseley",
"Henry Moseley",
"Henry Moseley",
"Henry Moseley"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"English physicist (1887–1915)\nHenry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (; 23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra. Moseley's law advanced atomic physics, nuclear physics and quantum physics by providing the first experimental evidence in favour of Niels Bohr's theory, aside from the hydrogen atom spectrum which the Bohr theory was designed to reproduce. That theory refined Ernest Rutherford's and Antonius van den Broek's model, which proposed that the atom contains in its nucleus a number of positive nuclear charges that is equal to its (atomic) number in the periodic table. When World War I broke out in Western Europe, Moseley left his research work at the University of Oxford behind to volunteer for the Royal Engineers of the British Army. Moseley was assigned to the force of British Empire soldiers that invaded the region of Gallipoli, Turkey, in April 1915, as a telecommunications officer. Moseley was shot and killed during the Battle of Gallipoli on 10 August 1915, at the age of 27. Experts have speculated that Moseley could otherwise have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1916. Biography. Henry G. J. Moseley, known to his friends as Harry, was born in Weymouth in Dorset in 1887.",
"His father Henry Nottidge Moseley (1844–1891), who died when Moseley was quite young, was a biologist and also a professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Oxford, who had been a member of the \"Challenger\" Expedition. Moseley's mother was Amabel Gwyn Jeffreys, the daughter of the Welsh biologist and conchologist John Gwyn Jeffreys. She was also the British women's champion of chess in 1913. Moseley had been a very promising schoolboy at Summer Fields School (where one of the four \"leagues\" is named after him), and he was awarded a King's scholarship to attend Eton College. In 1906 he won the chemistry and physics prizes at Eton. In 1906, Moseley entered Trinity College of the University of Oxford, where he earned his bachelor's degree. While an undergraduate at Oxford, Moseley became a Freemason by joining the Apollo University Lodge. Immediately after graduation from Oxford in 1910, Moseley became a demonstrator in physics at the University of Manchester under the supervision of Sir Ernest Rutherford. During Moseley's first year at Manchester, he had a teaching load as a graduate teaching assistant, but following that first year, he was reassigned from his teaching duties to work as a graduate research assistant. He declined a fellowship offered by Rutherford, preferring to move back to Oxford, in November 1913, where he was given laboratory facilities but no support. Scientific work.",
"Experimenting with the energy of beta particles in 1912, Moseley showed that high potentials were attainable from a radioactive source of radium, thereby inventing the first atomic battery, though he was unable to produce the 1MV necessary to stop the particles. In 1913, Moseley observed and measured the X-ray spectra of various chemical elements (mostly metals) that were found by the method of diffraction through crystals. This was a pioneering use of the method of X-ray spectroscopy in physics, using Bragg's diffraction law to determine the X-ray wavelengths. Moseley discovered a systematic mathematical relationship between the wavelengths of the X-rays produced and the atomic numbers of the metals that were used as the targets in X-ray tubes. This has become known as Moseley's law. Before Moseley's discovery, the atomic numbers (or elemental number) of an element had been thought of as a semi-arbitrary sequential number, based on the sequence of atomic masses, but modified somewhat where chemists found this modification to be desirable, such as by the Russian chemist, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev. In his invention of the Periodic Table of the Elements, Mendeleev had interchanged the orders of a few pairs of elements to put them in more appropriate places in this table of the elements. For example, the metals cobalt and nickel had been assigned the atomic numbers 27 and 28, respectively, based on their known chemical and physical properties, even though they have nearly the same atomic masses.",
"In fact, the atomic mass of cobalt is slightly larger than that of nickel, so nickel would be placed in the Periodic Table before cobalt if they were placed purely according to atomic mass. However Moseley's experiments in X-ray spectroscopy showed directly from their physics that cobalt and nickel have the different atomic numbers, 27 and 28, and that they are placed in the Periodic Table correctly by Moseley's objective measurements of their atomic numbers. Hence, Moseley's discovery demonstrated that the atomic numbers of elements are not just rather arbitrary numbers based on chemistry and the intuition of chemists, but rather, they have a firm experimental basis from the physics of their X-ray spectra. In addition, Moseley showed that there were gaps in the atomic number sequence at numbers 43, 61, 72, and 75. These spaces are now known, respectively, to be the places of the radioactive synthetic elements technetium and promethium, and also the last two quite rare naturally occurring stable elements hafnium (discovered 1923) and rhenium (discovered 1925). Nothing was known about these four elements in Moseley's lifetime, not even their very existence. Based on the intuition of a very experienced chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev had predicted the existence of a missing element in the Periodic Table, which was later found to be filled by technetium, and Bohuslav Brauner had predicted the existence of another missing element in this Table, which was later found to be filled by promethium.",
"Henry Moseley's experiments confirmed these predictions, by showing exactly what the missing atomic numbers were, 43 and 61. In addition, Moseley predicted the existence of two more undiscovered elements, those with the atomic numbers 72 and 75, and gave very strong evidence that there were no other gaps in the Periodic Table between the elements aluminium (atomic number 13) and gold (atomic number 79). This latter question about the possibility of more undiscovered (\"missing\") elements had been a standing problem among the chemists of the world, particularly given the existence of the large family of the lanthanide series of rare earth elements. Moseley was able to demonstrate that these lanthanide elements, i.e. lanthanum through lutetium, must have exactly 15 members – no more and no less. The number of elements in the lanthanides had been a question that was very far from being settled by the chemists of the early 20th Century. They could not yet produce pure samples of all the rare-earth elements, even in the form of their salts, and in some cases they were unable to distinguish between mixtures of two very similar (adjacent) rare-earth elements from the nearby pure metals in the Periodic Table. For example, there was a so-called \"element\" that was even given the chemical name of \"didymium\"."
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "c24062ec-7f86-4b59-b21d-db66b716c6d9",
"doc_name": "Henry Moseley",
"doc_chunk": "His father Henry Nottidge Moseley (1844–1891), who died when Moseley was quite young, was a biologist and also a professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Oxford, who had been a member of the \"Challenger\" Expedition. Moseley's mother was Amabel Gwyn Jeffreys, the daughter of the Welsh biologist and conchologist John Gwyn Jeffreys. She was also the British women's champion of chess in 1913. Moseley had been a very promising schoolboy at Summer Fields School (where one of the four \"leagues\" is named after him), and he was awarded a King's scholarship to attend Eton College. In 1906 he won the chemistry and physics prizes at Eton. In 1906, Moseley entered Trinity College of the University of Oxford, where he earned his bachelor's degree. While an undergraduate at Oxford, Moseley became a Freemason by joining the Apollo University Lodge. Immediately after graduation from Oxford in 1910, Moseley became a demonstrator in physics at the University of Manchester under the supervision of Sir Ernest Rutherford. During Moseley's first year at Manchester, he had a teaching load as a graduate teaching assistant, but following that first year, he was reassigned from his teaching duties to work as a graduate research assistant. He declined a fellowship offered by Rutherford, preferring to move back to Oxford, in November 1913, where he was given laboratory facilities but no support. Scientific work.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 02c08840-2fde-4cf7-8d6f-e0f3df7978a4 | who plays the lion in the movie zookeeper | Zookeeper (film) | [
"Sylvester Stallone"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24077310 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"02c08840-2fde-4cf7-8d6f-e0f3df7978a4",
"02c08840-2fde-4cf7-8d6f-e0f3df7978a4",
"02c08840-2fde-4cf7-8d6f-e0f3df7978a4",
"02c08840-2fde-4cf7-8d6f-e0f3df7978a4",
"02c08840-2fde-4cf7-8d6f-e0f3df7978a4"
],
"doc_name": [
"Zookeeper (film)",
"Zookeeper (film)",
"Zookeeper (film)",
"Zookeeper (film)",
"Zookeeper (film)"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"2011 science fantasy romantic comedy film by Frank Coraci\nZookeeper is a 2011 American fantasy comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, with a screenplay by Nick Bakay, Rock Reuben, Kevin James, Jay Scherick, and David Ronn, from a story by Scherick and Ronn, and produced by Todd Garner, James, Adam Sandler, Jack Giarraputo, and Walt Becker. The film stars James, Rosario Dawson, and Leslie Bibb with the voice roles from Cher, Nick Nolte, Sandler, Sylvester Stallone, Judd Apatow, Jim Breuer, Jon Favreau, Faizon Love, Richie Minervini, Maya Rudolph, and Bas Rutten. It is about an unlucky zookeeper and the talking animals at his zoo who break their silence to help him find love. Filming began in Boston on August 17, 2009. It was the first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) film to be co-produced with Happy Madison (as well as their first production to be released after the company had filed for bankruptcy the year prior), though the film, like a majority of the Happy Madison output, was distributed by Columbia Pictures. \"Zookeeper\" was released in the United States on July 8, 2011. It received mostly negative reviews from critics and earned $169.8 million on an $80 million budget. Plot. In 2006, zookeeper Griffin Keyes proposes to his girlfriend Stephanie, but is turned down. She says his career as a zookeeper is the reason, breaking his heart.",
"Five years later in 2011, Griffin is now the head zookeeper at the Franklin Park Zoo, caring deeply for the animals. That night, Griffin holds an engagement party there for his brother Dave, but freaks out when he discovers that Stephanie was invited. Dave suggests that Griffin work with him at his car dealership to get Stephanie back, so Griffin considers doing it. The animals hold a meeting that evening as they feel that Griffin is the best zookeeper, so they decide to find some way to help him win back Stephanie. Jerome the brown bear suggests that they teach Griffin their mating techniques, but Joe the lion protests, reminding them that it's against the animal code to talk to humans. Donald the monkey suggests that they make Griffin look like a hero when Stephanie is at the zoo tomorrow. The next day, Donald lets out Joe, who confronts Stephanie and Dave's fiancée Robin. Griffin ruins the animals' plan by failing to jump into the lion enclosure, and instead Joe is captured by Kate, the zoo veterinarian. When he climbs out of the enclosure, Joe accidentally yells at Griffin in frustration, causing Griffin to believe that he has gone mad. That night, all the animals break the code of silence and tell Griffin that they will teach him to win back Stephanie. He learns their different mating rituals, ending up humiliating himself at a party in front of the other zookeepers and the guests. Griffin then has a talk with Bernie, a forlorn Western lowland gorilla who has spent years in a deep enclosure after allegedly attacking a zookeeper named Shane.",
"Bernie tells Griffin that Shane fell when he was abusing him, but lied, saying that Bernie attacked him, causing the zoo to close down Bernie's enclosure and move him into the cement pit he hates. This caused Bernie to mistrust humans. Griffin, empathizing with Bernie, decides to take him out on the town (posing him as a guy in a costume), and the two bond as they become friends. Griffin discovers that Stephanie is dating another ex-boyfriend, a bully named Gale. Joe's mate Janet tells Griffin that the best way to attract a female is to be seen with another female, so Griffin asks Kate to go with him to Dave and Robin's wedding. Griffin successfully grabs Stephanie's attention by first showing off with Kate, then standing up to Gale. Stephanie asks him out to dinner and after they go to a fashion show. Stephanie convinces Griffin to quit his job and he accepts Dave's job offer. This upsets Kate, and also Bernie, who tells him that Griffin quitting proves that he can't trust humans. As he leaves, Griffin warns Shane not to hurt Bernie. Kate decides to leave the zoo and accepts a job in Nairobi. Griffin becomes a star employee at the car dealership, but finds he misses working at the zoo. When Stephanie proposes to him in the midst of his success, he refuses without hesitation, dumping her as he realizes that she doesn't truly love or accept him for who he is and that their relationship was all conditional to her. He then goes to the zoo, apologizing to Bernie who he sees has been beaten by Shane.",
"The animals tell him that Kate is heading to the airport, so Griffin heads out to stop her; stopping at Shane's house first to kick him into the wall for hurting Bernie again. With Bernie's help, Griffin manages to catch Kate on the bridge and confess his love for her. The two kiss. Six months later, Griffin and Kate have started a loving relationship and are back at the zoo. Bernie is also now living in a new enclosure where he gets a great view of the city. Cast. <templatestyles src=\"Div col/styles.css\"/>* Kevin James as Griffin Keyes, the lead zookeeper. Animals. <templatestyles src=\"Div col/styles.css\"/>* Tom Woodruff, Jr. as Bernie (in-suit performer)\nProduction. Development. On April 22, 2008, it was announced that Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) had purchased the script of the film, for $2 million, against DreamWorks Pictures and Walt Disney Pictures, and with Walt Becker attached to direct and produce. Filming and giraffe's death. Filming began in Boston on August 17, 2009, aiming for a release in October 2010, which was then released on July 8, 2011. Filming ended on October 30, 2009.",
"Tweet, the giraffe who rose to fame as a star in the classic Toys \"R\" Us commercials (by being cast as Geoffrey, the company's official mascot) and who appeared alongside Jim Carrey in the film \"\", died after filming \"Zookeeper\" at the Franklin Park Zoo. During the filming 18-year-old giraffe Tweet died after eating pieces of blue tarp that covered his cage. He was being held in a 20-by-20 foot stall and collapsed in his pen, causing PETA to come down hard on the filmmakers and stage protests at the film's premiere. The two bears in this live action film were performed by Heber City, Utah's \"Wasatch Rocky Mountain Wildlife\" veteran Grizzly actors Bart the Bear 2 and Honey Bump. Tai the elephant was featured in a video, reportedly filmed in 2005 and released in 2011 by Animal Defenders International (ADI), which showed him being abused by its trainers. A campaign to boycott the movie was formed since the outbreak of the news. ADI has also contacted the American Humane Association, urging them to re-evaluate how they assess the use of animals in films and the statements being made which effectively endorse the use of performing animals. Animal rights advocates PETA also urged the public to boycott the film. Release. Theatrical. Around 50 people came to the film's premiere at the Regency Village Theatre in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, to protest against the filmmakers for their alleged animal abuse. Frank Coraci claimed that the animals were not harmed during production."
],
"support": [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "02c08840-2fde-4cf7-8d6f-e0f3df7978a4",
"doc_name": "Zookeeper (film)",
"doc_chunk": "2011 science fantasy romantic comedy film by Frank Coraci\nZookeeper is a 2011 American fantasy comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, with a screenplay by Nick Bakay, Rock Reuben, Kevin James, Jay Scherick, and David Ronn, from a story by Scherick and Ronn, and produced by Todd Garner, James, Adam Sandler, Jack Giarraputo, and Walt Becker. The film stars James, Rosario Dawson, and Leslie Bibb with the voice roles from Cher, Nick Nolte, Sandler, Sylvester Stallone, Judd Apatow, Jim Breuer, Jon Favreau, Faizon Love, Richie Minervini, Maya Rudolph, and Bas Rutten. It is about an unlucky zookeeper and the talking animals at his zoo who break their silence to help him find love. Filming began in Boston on August 17, 2009. It was the first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) film to be co-produced with Happy Madison (as well as their first production to be released after the company had filed for bankruptcy the year prior), though the film, like a majority of the Happy Madison output, was distributed by Columbia Pictures. \"Zookeeper\" was released in the United States on July 8, 2011. It received mostly negative reviews from critics and earned $169.8 million on an $80 million budget. Plot. In 2006, zookeeper Griffin Keyes proposes to his girlfriend Stephanie, but is turned down. She says his career as a zookeeper is the reason, breaking his heart.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | 201370b6-7dc9-4892-af81-2ca62b6aea28 | when did radio shack change to the source | The Source (retailer) | [
"2005"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1847007 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"201370b6-7dc9-4892-af81-2ca62b6aea28",
"201370b6-7dc9-4892-af81-2ca62b6aea28",
"201370b6-7dc9-4892-af81-2ca62b6aea28",
"201370b6-7dc9-4892-af81-2ca62b6aea28",
"201370b6-7dc9-4892-af81-2ca62b6aea28"
],
"doc_name": [
"The Source (retailer)",
"The Source (retailer)",
"The Source (retailer)",
"The Source (retailer)",
"The Source"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Canadian electronics retailer\nThe Source (Bell) Electronics Inc., doing business as The Source (), is a Canadian consumer electronics and cell phone retail chain. The chain goes back over 50 years in Canada, initially as Radio Shack and later as The Source by Circuit City. The Source is now owned by BCE Inc., which purchased the assets of InterTAN from its parent, American retailer Circuit City, in 2009. The chain is based in Barrie, Ontario. In early 2024, BCE announced it would wind down The Source's operations as an independent chain, with approximately one-third of locations closing outright, and others transitioned to a brand licensing partnership with erstwhile competitor Best Buy under the Best Buy Express banner, by the end of the year. BCE will continue to own, operate, and staff the locations, and they will continue to exclusively offer telecommunications services from BCE's subsidiaries including Bell Canada, but after rebranding they will receive product inventory through Best Buy, and offer services such as Geek Squad and in-store pickup and returns for Best Buy online orders. History. The Source began as the Canadian branch of Radio Shack (later \"RadioShack\"). The first Radio Shack store in Canada was opened on April 20, 1970, in Rexdale, Ontario. The chain was originally owned by Radio Shack's American parent company Tandy Corporation, but was spun off in June 1986, along with the rest of Tandy's international operations, as InterTAN. A licensing agreement with what became RadioShack Corporation allowed InterTAN to continue to use the chain's name and logo.",
"InterTAN abandoned its non-profitable West German stores in 1987, left Belgium and France in 1993, sold its British stores to Carphone Warehouse in 1999 and sold its Australian stores to Woolworth subsidiary Dick Smith Electronics in 2002, leaving just the Canadian Radio Shack, Battery Plus, and Rogers Plus stores. As The Source. In May 2004, InterTAN was acquired by Circuit City. One week after the acquisition was completed, RadioShack Corporation filed a lawsuit in the 352nd Judicial District Court in Tarrant County, Texas, to end the licensing agreement. RadioShack Corporation claimed that InterTAN had breached the terms of their agreement. On March 24, 2005, the district court judge ruled in favour of RadioShack and cancelled the agreement. The ruling prohibited InterTAN from using the brand name on its stores or in any of its products, packaging, and advertising after June 30, 2005. On April 26, 2005, Circuit City announced that the stores would be renamed The Source by Circuit City (La Source par Circuit City in Quebec). The rebranding process was completed in the majority of the chain's Canadian stores by July 1, 2005. The chain also introduced new house brands, including Nexxtech and Vital, in place of RadioShack store brands. In February 2007, The Source announced it would close down 62 low volume stores across Canada. On March 30, 2007, Circuit City announced to its shareholders that it was seeking options including selling off the InterTAN/The Source subsidiary to cut losses. On November 10, 2008, InterTAN sought protection from its creditors, after Circuit City filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.",
"Circuit City announced on January 16, 2009, that its namesake U.S. stores would be liquidated. The Source was not affected by the announcement, and a process followed to sell the Canadian operations as a going concern. On March 2, 2009, Canadian telecommunications firm Bell Canada announced it would acquire The Source and continue to operate it as an independent division. The acquisition was completed July 1 for the final purchase price of $135 million US, following which the chain removed the \"by Circuit City\" from its name. Prior to January 2010, the stores sold mobile phone services from Bell's main competitor, Rogers Wireless; at that point, the chain began to exclusively market Bell-owned wireless (including Bell Mobility and Virgin Mobile), television, and internet services. The Source continues to sell a full array of consumer electronics products. As Best Buy Express. On January 18, 2024, Bell announced that it would enter into an agreement with Best Buy Canada to relaunch some of The Source's locations as Best Buy Express. The stores will be integrated with Best Buy's retail operations, offering in-store pickup for online orders from the Best Buy website, and technical support services under the Geek Squad banner. The stores will otherwise remain owned and operated by BCE under license, and will continue to only sell Bell-owned telecom services (unlike the big-box Best Buy locations, which serve as dealers for multiple major carriers). Best Buy stated that the agreement would roughly double its total number of retail stores in Canada, and extend its retail presence into new markets.",
"The first converted Best Buy Express location opened at the Guildford Town Centre in Surrey, British Columbia, on June 26, 2024; 167 of The Source's nearly 300 locations will be converted to Best Buy Express by the end of 2024, with all other locations slated to close permamently. The Source will also close its Barrie offices. Products. The Source stocks a wide array of products. Most of the products are consumer electronics, including Bell devices, Virgin Mobile devices, laptop computers, computer accessories, televisions and mounts, DVD players, Blu-ray players, soundbars and Bluetooth speakers, automated smart home devices (i.e. lightbulbs, thermostats, security cameras), printers and ink, clock radios, landline telephones, remote-control toys, video gaming consoles and accessories, cables (such as HDMI, DVI, component, composite/RCA, VGA, USB A, C, Mini, etc. ), Apple products and accessories, as well as a large selection of headphones including models by Bose, Sony, JBL and Skullcandy. They also offer products for their Bell internet and Bell Fibe TV or Virgin Plus internet and TV services such as streaming devices, smart TVs and remotes, modems and range extenders. The Source have at various times carried a number of (now discontinued) private brands including:\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />",
"American hip hop magazine\nThe Source is an American hip hop and entertainment website, and a magazine that publishes annually or . It is the world's longest-running rap periodical, being founded as a newsletter in 1988 by David Mays. In 1999 the \"Los Angeles Times\" reported that, based on data from Alliance for Audited Media, formerly known as Audit Bureau of Circulations (North America), the print edition of \"The Source\" was \"the No. 1-selling music magazine on newsstands in America.\" By 2009, they were among those losing readership and advertising income. The 1995 Source Awards were noted for their effect on the hip-hop landscape, particularly in escalating tension between the East and West Coast hip-hop communities, which likely precipitated the murders of Tupac Shakur and Biggie Smalls. History. The magazine's website began in 1998. At that point the monthly print magazine was celebrating its 100th issue. Others who were involved as co-owners/editors include Raymond 'Ray Benzino' Leon Scott. Between 2005 and 2010 the magazine did not award any of its '5 mic' awards. \"The Source\"'s Five-Mic albums. The Record Report is a section in the publication in which the magazine's staff rates hip-hop albums. Ratings range from one to five mics, paralleling a typical five-star rating scale. An album that is rated at four-and-a-half or five mics is considered by \"The Source\" to be a superior hip hop album."
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "201370b6-7dc9-4892-af81-2ca62b6aea28",
"doc_name": "The Source (retailer)",
"doc_chunk": "InterTAN abandoned its non-profitable West German stores in 1987, left Belgium and France in 1993, sold its British stores to Carphone Warehouse in 1999 and sold its Australian stores to Woolworth subsidiary Dick Smith Electronics in 2002, leaving just the Canadian Radio Shack, Battery Plus, and Rogers Plus stores. As The Source. In May 2004, InterTAN was acquired by Circuit City. One week after the acquisition was completed, RadioShack Corporation filed a lawsuit in the 352nd Judicial District Court in Tarrant County, Texas, to end the licensing agreement. RadioShack Corporation claimed that InterTAN had breached the terms of their agreement. On March 24, 2005, the district court judge ruled in favour of RadioShack and cancelled the agreement. The ruling prohibited InterTAN from using the brand name on its stores or in any of its products, packaging, and advertising after June 30, 2005. On April 26, 2005, Circuit City announced that the stores would be renamed The Source by Circuit City (La Source par Circuit City in Quebec). The rebranding process was completed in the majority of the chain's Canadian stores by July 1, 2005. The chain also introduced new house brands, including Nexxtech and Vital, in place of RadioShack store brands. In February 2007, The Source announced it would close down 62 low volume stores across Canada. On March 30, 2007, Circuit City announced to its shareholders that it was seeking options including selling off the InterTAN/The Source subsidiary to cut losses. On November 10, 2008, InterTAN sought protection from its creditors, after Circuit City filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.",
"support": 1
} |
naturalqa | c6732c6a-caa6-4301-ba5b-489a4802e528 | what is the processor for google nexus 5 | Nexus 5 | [
"a 2.26 GHz quad-core Snapdragon 800 processor"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40797274 | 1 | {
"mapped_id": [
"c6732c6a-caa6-4301-ba5b-489a4802e528",
"c6732c6a-caa6-4301-ba5b-489a4802e528",
"c6732c6a-caa6-4301-ba5b-489a4802e528",
"c6732c6a-caa6-4301-ba5b-489a4802e528",
"c6732c6a-caa6-4301-ba5b-489a4802e528"
],
"doc_name": [
"Nexus 5",
"Nexus 5",
"Nexus 5",
"Nexus 5",
"Nexus 5"
],
"doc_chunk": [
"Android smartphone by Google\nNexus 5 (code-named Hammerhead) is an Android smartphone sold by Google and manufactured by LG Electronics. It is the fifth generation of the Nexus series, succeeding the Nexus 4. It was unveiled on October 31, 2013 and served as the launch device for Android 4.4 \"KitKat\", which introduced a refreshed interface, performance improvements, greater Google Now integration, and other changes. Much of the hardware is similar to the LG G2 which was also made by LG and released earlier that year. The Nexus 5 received mostly positive reviews, praising the device's balance of overall performance and cost in comparison to other \"flagship\" phones, along with the quality of its display and some of the changes introduced by Android 4.4. The Nexus 5 was followed by the Nexus 6 in October 2014, although the Nexus 6 is a higher-end phablet and not a direct successor, with the Nexus 5 and Nexus 6 sold alongside each other for several months. Google ended production of the Nexus 5 in December 2014, but sales of the black Nexus 5 continued until March 11, 2015. Google released the Nexus 5X in September 2015 (alongside the higher-end Nexus 6P), with a similar design and price as the original Nexus 5. History. The device was unveiled on October 31, 2013; it was made available for pre-order from Google Play Store the same day, sold in a black color with either 16 or 32 GB of internal storage. Initial pricing was set at $349 for the 16 GB model, and $399 for the 32 GB version.",
"This was much lower than comparable smartphones, which would cost around $649. Google released two additional color options in February 2014, white and red, which had identical pricing and hardware. Google ended production of the Nexus 5 in December 2014, following the release of the Nexus 6. The red and white models were removed from the Google Play Store the same month, while the black model remained available until March 11, 2015. Hardware. The exterior of the Nexus 5 is made from a polycarbonate shell with similarities to the 2013 Nexus 7, unlike its predecessor that uses a glass-based construction. Three exterior colors are available: black, white and red. Its hardware contains similarities to the LG G2; it is powered by a 2.26 GHz quad-core Snapdragon 800 processor with 2 GB of RAM, either 16 or 32 GB of internal storage, and a 2300 mAh battery. The Nexus 5 uses a 4.95-inch (marketed as 5-inch) 445 PPI 1080p IPS display, and includes an 8-megapixel rear-facing camera with optical image stabilization (OIS), and a 1.3-megapixel front-facing camera. The Nexus 5 supports LTE networks where available, unlike the Nexus 4 which unofficially supported LTE on Band 4 only with a hidden software option, but was not formally approved or marketed for any LTE use.",
"There are two variants of the Nexus 5, with varying support for cellular frequency bands; one is specific to North America (LG-D820), and the other is designed for the rest of the world (LG-D821). Notable new hardware features also include two new composite sensors: a step detector and a step counter. These new sensors allow applications to easily track steps when the user is walking, running, or climbing stairs. Both sensors are implemented in hardware for low power consumption. Like its predecessors, the Nexus 5 does not have a microSD card slot, while it features a multi-color LED notification light. There are two grills present on the lower edge of the Nexus 5: one is for the mono speaker and the other is for the microphone. Software. The Nexus 5 was the first Android device to ship with Android 4.4 \"KitKat\", which had a refreshed interface, improved performance, improved NFC support (such as the ability to emulate a smart card), a new \"HDR+\" camera shooting mode, native printing functionality, a screen recording utility, and other new and improved functionality. The device also shipped with Google Now Launcher, a redesigned home screen which allows users to quickly access Google Now on a dedicated page, and allows voice search to be activated on the home screen with a voice command. Unlike the stock home screen, Google Now Launcher is not a component of Android itself; it is implemented as part of the Google Search application.",
"Until 26 February 2014, when it was released on Google Play Store for selected Android 4.4 devices, Google Now Launcher was exclusively shipped by default on the Nexus 5, and was not enabled in Android 4.4 updates for any other Nexus device. While an update to the Google Search application containing Google Now Launcher (which itself was tweaked to improve compatibility with other devices as well) was publicly released shortly after the Nexus 5's release, the launcher itself could not at the time be enabled without installing a second shim application. Hangouts, which now supports text messaging, is used as the default text messaging application. In December 2013, the Nexus 5 began receiving the Android 4.4.1 update, which introduced HDR+, fixed issues with auto focus, white balance and other camera issues. HDR+ takes a burst of shots with short exposures, selectively aligning the sharpest shots and averaging them using computational photography techniques. Short exposures avoids blur, blowing out highlights and averaging multiple shots reduces noise. HDR+ is similar to lucky imaging used in astrophotography. HDR+ is processed on the Qualcomm Hexagon DSP. It also fixes low speaker volume output in certain applications. Android 4.4.2 update followed in a few days, providing further bugfixes and security improvements. In early June 2014, the Nexus 5 received Android 4.4.3 update that included dozens of bug fixes,\nwhile another mid-June 2014 Android 4.4.4 update included a fix for an OpenSSL man-in-the-middle vulnerability.",
"A developer preview of the Android 5.0 \"Lollipop\" system image was released for the Nexus 5 after the annual Google I/O conference held on June 26, 2014. The release version of Android 5.0 \"Lollipop\" was made available on November 12, 2014, in form of factory operating system images. On December 15, 2014 Android 5.0.1 \"Lollipop\" update began rolling out to Nexus 5 with build number LRX22C, the update was listed as being \"miscellaneous Android updates.\" In March 2015, the Nexus 5 began receiving the Android 5.1 \"Lollipop\" update, which addresses performance issues and other user interface tweaks; however, it is known to introduce certain camera issues. In June 2015, Google made the Android 5.1.1 \"Lollipop\" update available for Nexus 5 aiming to fix the bugs that were not fixed by Android 5.1 update. In May 2015, a developer preview of Android Marshmallow was made available for the Nexus 5. In November 2015, Nexus 5 started receiving Android 6.0 \"Marshmallow\" update across the world. Following which Nexus 5 became one of the first devices to get an Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow update in December 2015. In August 2016, Google confirmed that the Nexus 5 will not receive an official Android 7.0 Nougat update, meaning that Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow is the last officially supported Android version for the device."
],
"support": [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
]
} | {
"mapped_id": "c6732c6a-caa6-4301-ba5b-489a4802e528",
"doc_name": "Nexus 5",
"doc_chunk": "This was much lower than comparable smartphones, which would cost around $649. Google released two additional color options in February 2014, white and red, which had identical pricing and hardware. Google ended production of the Nexus 5 in December 2014, following the release of the Nexus 6. The red and white models were removed from the Google Play Store the same month, while the black model remained available until March 11, 2015. Hardware. The exterior of the Nexus 5 is made from a polycarbonate shell with similarities to the 2013 Nexus 7, unlike its predecessor that uses a glass-based construction. Three exterior colors are available: black, white and red. Its hardware contains similarities to the LG G2; it is powered by a 2.26 GHz quad-core Snapdragon 800 processor with 2 GB of RAM, either 16 or 32 GB of internal storage, and a 2300 mAh battery. The Nexus 5 uses a 4.95-inch (marketed as 5-inch) 445 PPI 1080p IPS display, and includes an 8-megapixel rear-facing camera with optical image stabilization (OIS), and a 1.3-megapixel front-facing camera. The Nexus 5 supports LTE networks where available, unlike the Nexus 4 which unofficially supported LTE on Band 4 only with a hidden software option, but was not formally approved or marketed for any LTE use.",
"support": 1
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.