data_source
stringclasses 2
values | prompt
listlengths 1
1
| ability
stringclasses 1
value | reward_model
dict | extra_info
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of right wrist pain after a fall from a ladder. Physical examination shows decreased grip strength and tenderness between the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. X-ray of the right wrist shows no abnormalities. This patient is at increased risk for which of the following complications?\nA. Paralysis of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle\nB. Osteoarthritis of the radiocarpal joint\nC. Avascular necrosis of the lunate bone\nD. Hypesthesia of the hypothenar eminence\nE. Contracture of the palmar aponeurosis\n\"",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Osteoarthritis of the radiocarpal joint",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Paralysis of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Osteoarthritis of the radiocarpal joint"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Avascular necrosis of the lunate bone"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Hypesthesia of the hypothenar eminence"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Contracture of the palmar aponeurosis\n\""
}
],
"index": 2918,
"question": "A 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of right wrist pain after a fall from a ladder. Physical examination shows decreased grip strength and tenderness between the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. X-ray of the right wrist shows no abnormalities. This patient is at increased risk for which of the following complications?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 42-year-old woman has experienced a decrease in appetite over the past month, accompanied by a drop in her BMI from 24 to 27 kg/m². What is the most likely neurochemical mechanism mediating her decreased appetite?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Decreased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5299,
"question": "A 42-year-old woman has experienced a decrease in appetite over the past month, accompanied by a drop in her BMI from 24 to 27 kg/m². What is the most likely neurochemical mechanism mediating her decreased appetite?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 10-month-old boy presents with abnormal growth, wrinkled skin, prominent scalp veins, circumoral cyanosis, and incomplete eye closure during sleep. Genetic testing reveals a point mutation in a gene encoding a scaffold protein of the inner nuclear membrane, resulting in a deformed and unstable nuclear membrane that leads to premature aging. What is the most likely defective protein?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Lamin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5334,
"question": "A 10-month-old boy presents with abnormal growth, wrinkled skin, prominent scalp veins, circumoral cyanosis, and incomplete eye closure during sleep. Genetic testing reveals a point mutation in a gene encoding a scaffold protein of the inner nuclear membrane, resulting in a deformed and unstable nuclear membrane that leads to premature aging. What is the most likely defective protein?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the wavelength of the Nd:YAG laser?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "1064 nm",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 16993,
"question": "What is the wavelength of the Nd:YAG laser?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most likely diagnosis in a 26-year-old man presenting with infertility, low levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone, small testicular volume, absent facial hair, and a high-pitched voice?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Kallman Syndrome",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 9676,
"question": "What is the most likely diagnosis in a 26-year-old man presenting with infertility, low levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone, small testicular volume, absent facial hair, and a high-pitched voice?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich virus remains dormant but can be reactivated is -\nA. Herpes simplex\nB. Herpes zoster\nC. EBvirus\nD. CMV",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Herpes simplex",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Herpes simplex"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Herpes zoster"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "EBvirus"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "CMV"
}
],
"index": 14000,
"question": "Which virus remains dormant but can be reactivated is -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 32-year-old man presents to the emergency room for a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. After stabilizing the patient, a full radiologic evaluation reveals multiple contrast-enhancing lesions in the brain, lungs, and liver. According to his wife, he lost several pounds in the last few months. The medical history is relevant for cryptorchidism, with abdominal testes that were surgically transferred to the scrotum just before he turned 1-year old. His lab investigation reveals:\nα-fetoprotein: \n9 ng/mL (normal values < 10 ng/mL)\nHuman chorionic gonadotropin: \n1,895 IU/L (normal values < 0.5 IU/L)\nWhich of the following microscopic features best describes the lesions seen in this patient's imaging study?\nA. Glomerulus-like structure with a mesoderm core, a central capillary, and lined with germ cells\nB. Germ cells with well-defined borders, central nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and clear cytoplasm\nC. Cells with hyaline-like globules\nD. Mixture of primitive neuroectoderm, loose mesenchyme, and primitive glandular structures\nE. Intimate association of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Intimate association of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Glomerulus-like structure with a mesoderm core, a central capillary, and lined with germ cells"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Germ cells with well-defined borders, central nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and clear cytoplasm"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Cells with hyaline-like globules"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Mixture of primitive neuroectoderm, loose mesenchyme, and primitive glandular structures"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Intimate association of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells"
}
],
"index": 4733,
"question": "A 32-year-old man presents to the emergency room for a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. After stabilizing the patient, a full radiologic evaluation reveals multiple contrast-enhancing lesions in the brain, lungs, and liver. According to his wife, he lost several pounds in the last few months. The medical history is relevant for cryptorchidism, with abdominal testes that were surgically transferred to the scrotum just before he turned 1-year old. His lab investigation reveals:\nα-fetoprotein: \n9 ng/mL (normal values < 10 ng/mL)\nHuman chorionic gonadotropin: \n1,895 IU/L (normal values < 0.5 IU/L)\nWhich of the following microscopic features best describes the lesions seen in this patient's imaging study?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich cranial nerve is involved earliest in acoustic neuroma?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "7",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 16301,
"question": "Which cranial nerve is involved earliest in acoustic neuroma?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nSilver plaques are a feature of: September 2006\nA. Lichen planus\nB. Psoriasis\nC. Vitiligo\nD. Albinism",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Psoriasis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Lichen planus"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Psoriasis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Vitiligo"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Albinism"
}
],
"index": 19698,
"question": "Silver plaques are a feature of: September 2006",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat condition is characterized by a flowing wax appearance on the anterior and posterior borders of vertebrae?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "DISH",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 17674,
"question": "What condition is characterized by a flowing wax appearance on the anterior and posterior borders of vertebrae?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a generalized pruritic rash for 14 hours. Five days ago, he had pink eyes that resolved spontaneously. He has acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He has received 3 cycles of chemotherapy with vincristine, asparaginase, dexamethasone, and doxorubicin. His last treatment cycle was 2 weeks ago. The patient's other medications include multivitamin supplements. His temperature is 38°C (100.4°F), pulse 90/min, and blood pressure is 105/65 mm Hg. Examination of the skin shows multiple crops of macules and papules over the face, trunk, and extremities. There are also excoriation marks and crusted lesions. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the treatment of this patient?\nA. Vitamin A administration\nB. Immunoglobulin administration\nC. Symptomatic therapy\nD. Acyclovir administration\nE. Penicillin V administration",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Acyclovir administration",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Vitamin A administration"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Immunoglobulin administration"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Symptomatic therapy"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Acyclovir administration"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Penicillin V administration"
}
],
"index": 7576,
"question": "A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a generalized pruritic rash for 14 hours. Five days ago, he had pink eyes that resolved spontaneously. He has acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He has received 3 cycles of chemotherapy with vincristine, asparaginase, dexamethasone, and doxorubicin. His last treatment cycle was 2 weeks ago. The patient's other medications include multivitamin supplements. His temperature is 38°C (100.4°F), pulse 90/min, and blood pressure is 105/65 mm Hg. Examination of the skin shows multiple crops of macules and papules over the face, trunk, and extremities. There are also excoriation marks and crusted lesions. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the treatment of this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 23-year-old man presents with severe right shoulder pain and inability to move the shoulder after a football tackle. On examination, his right upper extremity is externally rotated and slightly abducted, with tenderness and an empty glenoid fossa. The right humeral head is palpable below the coracoid process. Radial pulses are present bilaterally. What is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Test sensation of the lateral shoulder",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 8634,
"question": "A 23-year-old man presents with severe right shoulder pain and inability to move the shoulder after a football tackle. On examination, his right upper extremity is externally rotated and slightly abducted, with tenderness and an empty glenoid fossa. The right humeral head is palpable below the coracoid process. Radial pulses are present bilaterally. What is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 15-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 2-day history of low-grade fever and a painful lesion on her right index finger. She was born at term and has been healthy except for a rash on her upper lip 2 weeks ago, which resolved without treatment. She lives at home with her parents, her 5-year-old brother, and two cats. Her temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 110/min, respirations are 30/min, and blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. A photograph of the right index finger is shown. Physical examination shows tender left epitrochlear lymphadenopathy. Which of the following is the most likely causal organism?\nA. Sporothrix schenckii\nB. Human papillomavirus type 1\nC. Herpes simplex virus type 1\nD. Trichophyton rubrum\nE. Staphylococcus aureus",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Herpes simplex virus type 1",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Sporothrix schenckii"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Human papillomavirus type 1"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Herpes simplex virus type 1"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Trichophyton rubrum"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Staphylococcus aureus"
}
],
"index": 6802,
"question": "A 15-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 2-day history of low-grade fever and a painful lesion on her right index finger. She was born at term and has been healthy except for a rash on her upper lip 2 weeks ago, which resolved without treatment. She lives at home with her parents, her 5-year-old brother, and two cats. Her temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 110/min, respirations are 30/min, and blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. A photograph of the right index finger is shown. Physical examination shows tender left epitrochlear lymphadenopathy. Which of the following is the most likely causal organism?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich one of the following cofactors must be utilized during the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA?\nA. Thiamine pyrophosphate\nB. Acyl carrier protein\nC. FAD\nD. Biotin",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Biotin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Thiamine pyrophosphate"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Acyl carrier protein"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "FAD"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Biotin"
}
],
"index": 13269,
"question": "Which one of the following cofactors must be utilized during the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn a 68-year-old woman with congestive heart failure, which condition would contraindicate the use of furosemide?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "had a rash with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10366,
"question": "In a 68-year-old woman with congestive heart failure, which condition would contraindicate the use of furosemide?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the pathogenesis of the condition characterized by bilateral flank pain, a history of renal stones, and ultrasound findings showing echogenic medullary pyramids with multiple dense echogenic foci casting posterior acoustic shadows in both kidneys?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Developmental anomaly characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in the renal pyramids",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 0,
"question": "What is the pathogenesis of the condition characterized by bilateral flank pain, a history of renal stones, and ultrasound findings showing echogenic medullary pyramids with multiple dense echogenic foci casting posterior acoustic shadows in both kidneys?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn a patient with a stone located in the duct of the parotid gland (Stensen's duct), which runs anterior to the masseter muscle and passes through the buccinator muscle, at which site in the oral cavity is the endoscope most likely inserted during sialoendoscopy to remove the stone?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Lateral to the second upper molar tooth",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 983,
"question": "In a patient with a stone located in the duct of the parotid gland (Stensen's duct), which runs anterior to the masseter muscle and passes through the buccinator muscle, at which site in the oral cavity is the endoscope most likely inserted during sialoendoscopy to remove the stone?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nAmong college-age individuals, which cause of death is more common: homicide or cancer?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "More of them die from homicide than cancer",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 4947,
"question": "Among college-age individuals, which cause of death is more common: homicide or cancer?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nIt is wise to keep and repair the meniscus rather than removing it when the injury is to which of the following?\nA. Medial part of meniscus\nB. Mid part of meniscus\nC. Peripheral part of meniscus\nD. Associated with collateral ligament injury",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Peripheral part of meniscus",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Medial part of meniscus"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Mid part of meniscus"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Peripheral part of meniscus"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Associated with collateral ligament injury"
}
],
"index": 15028,
"question": "It is wise to keep and repair the meniscus rather than removing it when the injury is to which of the following?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 19-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of blurred vision upon awakening, accompanied by sore, irritated eyelids covered with dry crusts that improve after a hot shower. Examination reveals erythema and irritation at the superior lid margins with flakes at the base of the eyelashes, but no discharge and normal visual acuity. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for her condition?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Lid hygiene and warm compresses",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 8818,
"question": "A 19-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of blurred vision upon awakening, accompanied by sore, irritated eyelids covered with dry crusts that improve after a hot shower. Examination reveals erythema and irritation at the superior lid margins with flakes at the base of the eyelashes, but no discharge and normal visual acuity. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for her condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nDuring the selection of subjects for a study on infantile vitamin deficiencies, a child is examined by the lead investigator. She is at the 75th percentile for head circumference and the 80th percentile for length and weight. She can lift her chest and shoulders up when in a prone position, but cannot roll over from a prone position. Her eyes follow objects past the midline. She coos and makes gurgling sounds. When the investigator strokes the sole of her foot, her big toe curls upward and there is fanning of her other toes. She makes a stepping motion when she is held upright and her feet are in contact with the examination table. Which of the following additional skills or behaviors would be expected in a healthy patient of this developmental age?\nA. Reaches out for objects\nB. Responds to calling of own name\nC. Cries when separated from her mother\nD. Rolls over from her back\nE. Smiles at her mother",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Smiles at her mother",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Reaches out for objects"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Responds to calling of own name"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Cries when separated from her mother"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Rolls over from her back"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Smiles at her mother"
}
],
"index": 3763,
"question": "During the selection of subjects for a study on infantile vitamin deficiencies, a child is examined by the lead investigator. She is at the 75th percentile for head circumference and the 80th percentile for length and weight. She can lift her chest and shoulders up when in a prone position, but cannot roll over from a prone position. Her eyes follow objects past the midline. She coos and makes gurgling sounds. When the investigator strokes the sole of her foot, her big toe curls upward and there is fanning of her other toes. She makes a stepping motion when she is held upright and her feet are in contact with the examination table. Which of the following additional skills or behaviors would be expected in a healthy patient of this developmental age?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most common central nervous system (CNS) manifestation of HIV infection?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Dementia",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 20553,
"question": "What is the most common central nervous system (CNS) manifestation of HIV infection?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich anaesthetic circuit is designed to prevent the rebreathing of carbon dioxide (CO2)?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Circle system",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 17955,
"question": "Which anaesthetic circuit is designed to prevent the rebreathing of carbon dioxide (CO2)?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 32-year-old homeless woman is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 30 minutes after the police found her on the sidewalk. On arrival, she is unresponsive. Her pulse is 76/min, respirations are 6/min, and blood pressure is 110/78 mm Hg. Examination shows cool, dry skin. The pupils are pinpoint and react sluggishly to light. Intravenous administration of a drug is initiated. Two minutes after treatment is started, the patient regains consciousness and her respirations increase to 12/min. The drug that was administered has the strongest effect on which of the following receptors?\nA. M1 receptor\nB. Ryanodine receptor\nC. μ-receptor\nD. GABAA receptor\nE. 5-HT2A receptor",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. μ-receptor",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "M1 receptor"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Ryanodine receptor"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "μ-receptor"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "GABAA receptor"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "5-HT2A receptor"
}
],
"index": 4954,
"question": "A 32-year-old homeless woman is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 30 minutes after the police found her on the sidewalk. On arrival, she is unresponsive. Her pulse is 76/min, respirations are 6/min, and blood pressure is 110/78 mm Hg. Examination shows cool, dry skin. The pupils are pinpoint and react sluggishly to light. Intravenous administration of a drug is initiated. Two minutes after treatment is started, the patient regains consciousness and her respirations increase to 12/min. The drug that was administered has the strongest effect on which of the following receptors?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after he was found unresponsive on the street. Upon admission, he is lethargic and cyanotic with small, symmetrical pinpoint pupils. The following vital signs were registered: blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg, heart rate of 70/min, respiratory rate of 8/min, and a body temperature of 36.0°C (96.8°F). While being assessed and resuscitated, a sample for arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was taken, in addition to the following biochemistry tests:\nLaboratory test\nSerum Na+ 138 mEq/L\nSerum Cl- 101 mEq/L\nSerum K+ 4.0 mEq/L\nSerum creatinine (SCr) 0.58 mg/dL\nWhich of the following values would you most likely expect to see in this patient’s ABG results?\nA. pH: increased, HCO3- : decreased, Pco2: decreased\nB. pH: decreased, HCO3- : decreased, Pco2: decreased\nC. pH: decreased, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased\nD. pH: increased, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased\nE. pH: normal, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. pH: decreased, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "pH: increased, HCO3- : decreased, Pco2: decreased"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "pH: decreased, HCO3- : decreased, Pco2: decreased"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "pH: decreased, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "pH: increased, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "pH: normal, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased"
}
],
"index": 2866,
"question": "A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after he was found unresponsive on the street. Upon admission, he is lethargic and cyanotic with small, symmetrical pinpoint pupils. The following vital signs were registered: blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg, heart rate of 70/min, respiratory rate of 8/min, and a body temperature of 36.0°C (96.8°F). While being assessed and resuscitated, a sample for arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was taken, in addition to the following biochemistry tests:\nLaboratory test\nSerum Na+ 138 mEq/L\nSerum Cl- 101 mEq/L\nSerum K+ 4.0 mEq/L\nSerum creatinine (SCr) 0.58 mg/dL\nWhich of the following values would you most likely expect to see in this patient’s ABG results?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAn obstetrician sees a pregnant patient who was exposed to rubella virus in the eighteenth week of pregnancy. She does not remember getting a rubella vaccination. The best immediate course of action is to\nA. Terminate the pregnancy\nB. Order a rubella antibody titer to determine immune status\nC. Reassure the patient because rubella is not a problem until after the thiieth week\nD. Administer rubella immune globulin",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Order a rubella antibody titer to determine immune status",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Terminate the pregnancy"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Order a rubella antibody titer to determine immune status"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Reassure the patient because rubella is not a problem until after the thiieth week"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Administer rubella immune globulin"
}
],
"index": 10793,
"question": "An obstetrician sees a pregnant patient who was exposed to rubella virus in the eighteenth week of pregnancy. She does not remember getting a rubella vaccination. The best immediate course of action is to",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following is not included in Jone's Major Criteria\nA. Pancarditis\nB. Chorea\nC. Subcutancous nodule\nD. High ESR",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. High ESR",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Pancarditis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Chorea"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Subcutancous nodule"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "High ESR"
}
],
"index": 10391,
"question": "Which of the following is not included in Jone's Major Criteria",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA subject is seated in a thermally insulated isolation chamber with an internal temperature of 48°C (118°F), a pressure of 1 atmosphere, and a relative humidity of 10%. What is the primary mechanism by which this subject loses heat?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Evaporation",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 1502,
"question": "A subject is seated in a thermally insulated isolation chamber with an internal temperature of 48°C (118°F), a pressure of 1 atmosphere, and a relative humidity of 10%. What is the primary mechanism by which this subject loses heat?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 25-year-old woman whose menses are 2 weeks late, presents to her physician for evaluation. She also complains of fatigue, morning nausea, and mood changes. She is a nulliparous with previously normal menstrual cycles and no known medical conditions. She had an intrauterine device (IUD) placed 6 months ago. The patient’s vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg, heart rate 72/min, respiratory rate 12/min, and temperature 36.5℃ (97.7℉). The physical examination is unremarkable. The gynecologic exam revealed cervical cyanosis and softening, uterine enlargement, and non-palpable adnexa. A transvaginal ultrasound examination is performed to check the IUD position. Ultrasonography revealed 2 uterine cavities; one cavity had a gestational sac and the intrauterine device was in the other uterine cavity. The cavities are fully separated but there is one cervix. What is the most likely etiology of this patient’s condition?\nA. Failure of the Wolffian duct regression\nB. Incomplete Mullerian ducts fusion\nC. Mullerian ducts duplication\nD. Cloacal membrane duplication\nE. Failure of fusion of the sex cords",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Incomplete Mullerian ducts fusion",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Failure of the Wolffian duct regression"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Incomplete Mullerian ducts fusion"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Mullerian ducts duplication"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Cloacal membrane duplication"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Failure of fusion of the sex cords"
}
],
"index": 6003,
"question": "A 25-year-old woman whose menses are 2 weeks late, presents to her physician for evaluation. She also complains of fatigue, morning nausea, and mood changes. She is a nulliparous with previously normal menstrual cycles and no known medical conditions. She had an intrauterine device (IUD) placed 6 months ago. The patient’s vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg, heart rate 72/min, respiratory rate 12/min, and temperature 36.5℃ (97.7℉). The physical examination is unremarkable. The gynecologic exam revealed cervical cyanosis and softening, uterine enlargement, and non-palpable adnexa. A transvaginal ultrasound examination is performed to check the IUD position. Ultrasonography revealed 2 uterine cavities; one cavity had a gestational sac and the intrauterine device was in the other uterine cavity. The cavities are fully separated but there is one cervix. What is the most likely etiology of this patient’s condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the daily requirement of Vitamin A for an adult man?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "600 mcg",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18880,
"question": "What is the daily requirement of Vitamin A for an adult man?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nMegaloblastic anemia is caused by -\nA. Phenytoin\nB. Lithium\nC. Lead\nD. Chloroquine",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Phenytoin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Phenytoin"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Lithium"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Lead"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Chloroquine"
}
],
"index": 11299,
"question": "Megaloblastic anemia is caused by -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn which ganglion is herpes zoster commonly seen when it causes facial nerve symptoms?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Geniculate ganglion",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 20131,
"question": "In which ganglion is herpes zoster commonly seen when it causes facial nerve symptoms?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat condition is treated with topical permethrin?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Scabies",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 19929,
"question": "What condition is treated with topical permethrin?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most likely pathophysiology underlying the condition of a 66-year-old man presenting with resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, stooped posture, and difficulty initiating movement?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6489,
"question": "What is the most likely pathophysiology underlying the condition of a 66-year-old man presenting with resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, stooped posture, and difficulty initiating movement?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIf the incidence of a disease is 50 cases per 1000 population per year and the mean duration of the disease is 5 years, what is the prevalence of the disease per 1000 population?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "250",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 19298,
"question": "If the incidence of a disease is 50 cases per 1000 population per year and the mean duration of the disease is 5 years, what is the prevalence of the disease per 1000 population?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following diseases is itchy and involves the mucosa and the nails?\nA. Psoriasis\nB. Lichen planus\nC. Solar urticaria\nD. Eczema",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Lichen planus",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Psoriasis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Lichen planus"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Solar urticaria"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Eczema"
}
],
"index": 19806,
"question": "Which of the following diseases is itchy and involves the mucosa and the nails?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following is not an anesthetic that acts for more than 2hrs?\nA. Bupivacaine\nB. Prilocaine\nC. Etidocaine\nD. Tetracaine",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Prilocaine",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Bupivacaine"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Prilocaine"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Etidocaine"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Tetracaine"
}
],
"index": 17797,
"question": "Which of the following is not an anesthetic that acts for more than 2hrs?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 76-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of chest pain and shortness of breath on exertion. Physical examination reveals bilateral pitting edema of the legs, diffuse crackles over the lower lung fields, jugular venous distention, and an S3 gallop. Her troponin level is undetectable, and a chest X-ray shows cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Which medication is effective in lowering her risk of mortality?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Lisinopril",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 3408,
"question": "A 76-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of chest pain and shortness of breath on exertion. Physical examination reveals bilateral pitting edema of the legs, diffuse crackles over the lower lung fields, jugular venous distention, and an S3 gallop. Her troponin level is undetectable, and a chest X-ray shows cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Which medication is effective in lowering her risk of mortality?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich drug is used to antagonize the visceral side effects of neostigmine during reversal of vecuronium blockade?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Atropine",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18098,
"question": "Which drug is used to antagonize the visceral side effects of neostigmine during reversal of vecuronium blockade?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the key function of the nutrient most likely deficient in a patient presenting with lethargy, muscle aches, dry skin, swollen bleeding gums, cracked lips, petechiae, perifollicular hemorrhage, and corkscrew hairs?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Hydroxylation of lysine and proline residues in collagen synthesis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 128,
"question": "What is the key function of the nutrient most likely deficient in a patient presenting with lethargy, muscle aches, dry skin, swollen bleeding gums, cracked lips, petechiae, perifollicular hemorrhage, and corkscrew hairs?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nAfter delivery, at what time does a mother typically reach maximal milk production?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "5 months",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 14203,
"question": "After delivery, at what time does a mother typically reach maximal milk production?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 33-year-old man visits his psychiatrist with feelings of sadness on most days of the week for the past 4 weeks. He says that he is unable to participate in his daily activities and finds it hard to get out of bed on most days. If he has nothing scheduled for the day, he sometimes sleeps for 10–12 hours at a stretch. He has also noticed that on certain days, his legs feel heavy and he finds it difficult to walk, as though there are bricks tied to his feet. However, he is still able to attend social events and also enjoys playing with his children when he comes home from work. Other than these simple pleasures, he has lost interest in most of the activities he previously enjoyed. Another troubling fact is that he had gained weight over the past month, mainly because he eats so much when overcome by these feelings of depression. His is prescribed a medication to treat his symptoms. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the drug he was most likely prescribed?\nA. Inhibit the uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine at the presynaptic cleft\nB. Non-selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase A and B\nC. Stimulates the release of norepinephrine and dopamine in the presynaptic cleft\nD. Works as an antagonist at the dopamine and serotonin receptors\nE. Activates the Ƴ-aminobutyric acid receptors",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Non-selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase A and B",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Inhibit the uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine at the presynaptic cleft"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Non-selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase A and B"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Stimulates the release of norepinephrine and dopamine in the presynaptic cleft"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Works as an antagonist at the dopamine and serotonin receptors"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Activates the Ƴ-aminobutyric acid receptors"
}
],
"index": 5861,
"question": "A 33-year-old man visits his psychiatrist with feelings of sadness on most days of the week for the past 4 weeks. He says that he is unable to participate in his daily activities and finds it hard to get out of bed on most days. If he has nothing scheduled for the day, he sometimes sleeps for 10–12 hours at a stretch. He has also noticed that on certain days, his legs feel heavy and he finds it difficult to walk, as though there are bricks tied to his feet. However, he is still able to attend social events and also enjoys playing with his children when he comes home from work. Other than these simple pleasures, he has lost interest in most of the activities he previously enjoyed. Another troubling fact is that he had gained weight over the past month, mainly because he eats so much when overcome by these feelings of depression. His is prescribed a medication to treat his symptoms. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the drug he was most likely prescribed?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nAt which anatomical landmark does the artery marked in green divide?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Superior border of thyroid cartilage",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 20417,
"question": "At which anatomical landmark does the artery marked in green divide?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 5-year-old girl brought to the emergency department by her mother with seizures. The blood glucose is 94 mg/dl and the serum calcium is 5.3 mg/dl; however, the PTH levels are low. The medical history includes a delay in achieving developmental milestones. Her mother also says she needs frequent hospital visits due to recurrent bouts with the flu. The cardiovascular examination is within normal limits. What is the most likely cause underlying this presentation?\nA. B cell maturation failure\nB. B cell development failure\nC. Lysosomal trafficking regulator gene defect\nD. Deletion of the chromosome 22q11\nE. Mutation in the WAS gene",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Deletion of the chromosome 22q11",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "B cell maturation failure"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "B cell development failure"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Lysosomal trafficking regulator gene defect"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Deletion of the chromosome 22q11"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Mutation in the WAS gene"
}
],
"index": 1027,
"question": "A 5-year-old girl brought to the emergency department by her mother with seizures. The blood glucose is 94 mg/dl and the serum calcium is 5.3 mg/dl; however, the PTH levels are low. The medical history includes a delay in achieving developmental milestones. Her mother also says she needs frequent hospital visits due to recurrent bouts with the flu. The cardiovascular examination is within normal limits. What is the most likely cause underlying this presentation?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following vitamin is not associated with toxicity\nA. Pantothenic acid\nB. Pyridoxine\nC. Vitamin A\nD. Vitamin E",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Pantothenic acid",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Pantothenic acid"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Pyridoxine"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Vitamin A"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Vitamin E"
}
],
"index": 10554,
"question": "Which of the following vitamin is not associated with toxicity",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 72-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine physical examination. He says that he has felt well except for occasional headaches. He has no history of major medical illness. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 80/min, and blood pressure is 155/90 mm Hg. An ultrasound of the kidneys shows a normal right kidney and a left kidney that is 2 cm smaller in length. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following?\nA. Elevated urine metanephrines\nB. Abdominal bruit\nC. Polycythemia\nD. Hematuria\nE. Varicocele",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Abdominal bruit",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Elevated urine metanephrines"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Abdominal bruit"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Polycythemia"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Hematuria"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Varicocele"
}
],
"index": 2536,
"question": "A 72-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine physical examination. He says that he has felt well except for occasional headaches. He has no history of major medical illness. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 80/min, and blood pressure is 155/90 mm Hg. An ultrasound of the kidneys shows a normal right kidney and a left kidney that is 2 cm smaller in length. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the preferred investigation method after a pregnancy has gone beyond the expected due date?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "USG",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 14192,
"question": "What is the preferred investigation method after a pregnancy has gone beyond the expected due date?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 55-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter because of progressive memory loss and weakness over the past 6 months. She is now unable to perform activities of daily living and has had several falls in her apartment. She has diarrhea but has not had nausea or vomiting. She was treated for tuberculosis 10 years ago. She smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for 25 years but stopped 8 years ago. She drinks a pint of vodka daily. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows glossitis and a hyperpigmented rash on her face and arms. There are multiple bruises over both arms. On mental status examination, she is oriented to place and person only. Short-term memory is impaired; she can recall 0 out of 5 objects after 10 minutes. Which of the following deficiencies is most likely present in this patient?\nA. Vitamin B5 (panthothenic acid)\nB. Vitamin B7 (biotin)\nC. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)\nD. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)\nE. Vitamin B3 (niacin)",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Vitamin B3 (niacin)",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Vitamin B5 (panthothenic acid)"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Vitamin B7 (biotin)"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Vitamin B3 (niacin)"
}
],
"index": 8473,
"question": "A 55-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter because of progressive memory loss and weakness over the past 6 months. She is now unable to perform activities of daily living and has had several falls in her apartment. She has diarrhea but has not had nausea or vomiting. She was treated for tuberculosis 10 years ago. She smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for 25 years but stopped 8 years ago. She drinks a pint of vodka daily. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows glossitis and a hyperpigmented rash on her face and arms. There are multiple bruises over both arms. On mental status examination, she is oriented to place and person only. Short-term memory is impaired; she can recall 0 out of 5 objects after 10 minutes. Which of the following deficiencies is most likely present in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 12-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for a 4-week history of fever, malaise, cough, and difficulty breathing. He has had recurrent episodes of gastroenteritis since birth. Cardiopulmonary examination shows subcostal retractions and crackles bilaterally. There is enlargement of the cervical, axillary, and inguinal lymph nodes. An x-ray of the chest shows bilateral consolidations. A sputum culture shows colonies of Burkholderia cepacia. A blood sample is obtained and after the addition of nitroblue tetrazolium to the sample, neutrophils remain colorless. A defect in which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?\nA. B cell maturation\nB. Microtubule polymerization\nC. T cell CD40 ligand\nD. Actin filament assembly\nE. NADPH oxidase complex",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. NADPH oxidase complex",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "B cell maturation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Microtubule polymerization"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "T cell CD40 ligand"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Actin filament assembly"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "NADPH oxidase complex"
}
],
"index": 4884,
"question": "A 12-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for a 4-week history of fever, malaise, cough, and difficulty breathing. He has had recurrent episodes of gastroenteritis since birth. Cardiopulmonary examination shows subcostal retractions and crackles bilaterally. There is enlargement of the cervical, axillary, and inguinal lymph nodes. An x-ray of the chest shows bilateral consolidations. A sputum culture shows colonies of Burkholderia cepacia. A blood sample is obtained and after the addition of nitroblue tetrazolium to the sample, neutrophils remain colorless. A defect in which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat medication would most likely have prevented the continuous murmur caused by patent ductus arteriosus in this 4-day-old preterm infant?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Indomethacin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 8898,
"question": "What medication would most likely have prevented the continuous murmur caused by patent ductus arteriosus in this 4-day-old preterm infant?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat advice can a first-time mother follow to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in her healthy, full-term newborn?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Sleep supine in a crib without bumpers, use a pacifier after 1 month of age, and avoidance smoking",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 9590,
"question": "What advice can a first-time mother follow to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in her healthy, full-term newborn?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following is the aetiological agent most often associated with Epiglottitis in children -\nA. Streptococcus pneumoniae\nB. Haemophilus influenzae type b\nC. Neisseria sp\nD. Moraxella catarrhalis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Streptococcus pneumoniae",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Streptococcus pneumoniae"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Haemophilus influenzae type b"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Neisseria sp"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Moraxella catarrhalis"
}
],
"index": 15329,
"question": "Which of the following is the aetiological agent most often associated with Epiglottitis in children -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 54-year-old man presents to the emergency department after vomiting blood an hour ago. He says this happens to him occasionally but denies feeling pain in these episodes. The man is disheveled and has slurred speech as he describes his symptoms. He is reluctant to give further history and wants immediate treatment of his condition. Upon examination, the patient has evidence of tortuous veins visible on his abdomen plus a yellow tinge to his sclerae. He suddenly begins vomiting copious amounts of blood and soon becomes unresponsive. His blood pressure drops to 70/40 mm Hg. He is given 3 units of whole blood but passes away shortly after the incident. Which of the following was the most likely cause of his vomiting of blood?\nA. Increased pressure in the distal esophageal vein due to increased pressure in the left gastric vein\nB. Lacerations of the mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction\nC. Perforation of the gastric mucosa\nD. Decreased GABA activity due to downregulation of receptors\nE. Inflammation of the portal tract due to a chronic viral illness",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Increased pressure in the distal esophageal vein due to increased pressure in the left gastric vein",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Increased pressure in the distal esophageal vein due to increased pressure in the left gastric vein"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Lacerations of the mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Perforation of the gastric mucosa"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Decreased GABA activity due to downregulation of receptors"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Inflammation of the portal tract due to a chronic viral illness"
}
],
"index": 3957,
"question": "A 54-year-old man presents to the emergency department after vomiting blood an hour ago. He says this happens to him occasionally but denies feeling pain in these episodes. The man is disheveled and has slurred speech as he describes his symptoms. He is reluctant to give further history and wants immediate treatment of his condition. Upon examination, the patient has evidence of tortuous veins visible on his abdomen plus a yellow tinge to his sclerae. He suddenly begins vomiting copious amounts of blood and soon becomes unresponsive. His blood pressure drops to 70/40 mm Hg. He is given 3 units of whole blood but passes away shortly after the incident. Which of the following was the most likely cause of his vomiting of blood?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat are the parameters used in the Ridley-Jopling classification for leprosy?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Clinical, bacteriological, immunological",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 19943,
"question": "What are the parameters used in the Ridley-Jopling classification for leprosy?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 50-year-old woman presents with acute onset fever and chills for the past hour. She mentions earlier in the day she felt blue, so she took some St. John’s wort because she was told by a friend that it helps with depression. Past medical history is significant for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and depression managed medically with captopril, metformin, and fluoxetine. She has no history of allergies. Her pulse is 130/min, the respiratory rate is 18/min, the blood pressure is 176/92 mm Hg, and the temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F). On physical examination, the patient is profusely diaphoretic and extremely irritable when asked questions. Oriented x 3. The abdomen is soft and nontender with no hepatosplenomegaly. Increased bowel sounds are heard in the abdomen. Deep tendon reflexes are 3+ bilaterally and clonus is elicited. The sensation is decreased in the feet bilaterally. Mydriasis is present. Fingerstick glucose is 140 mg/dL. An ECG shows sinus tachycardia but is otherwise normal. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s condition?\nA. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome\nB. Diabetic ketoacidosis\nC. Anaphylactic reaction\nD. Serotonin syndrome\nE. Sepsis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Serotonin syndrome",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Diabetic ketoacidosis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Anaphylactic reaction"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Serotonin syndrome"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Sepsis"
}
],
"index": 954,
"question": "A 50-year-old woman presents with acute onset fever and chills for the past hour. She mentions earlier in the day she felt blue, so she took some St. John’s wort because she was told by a friend that it helps with depression. Past medical history is significant for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and depression managed medically with captopril, metformin, and fluoxetine. She has no history of allergies. Her pulse is 130/min, the respiratory rate is 18/min, the blood pressure is 176/92 mm Hg, and the temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F). On physical examination, the patient is profusely diaphoretic and extremely irritable when asked questions. Oriented x 3. The abdomen is soft and nontender with no hepatosplenomegaly. Increased bowel sounds are heard in the abdomen. Deep tendon reflexes are 3+ bilaterally and clonus is elicited. The sensation is decreased in the feet bilaterally. Mydriasis is present. Fingerstick glucose is 140 mg/dL. An ECG shows sinus tachycardia but is otherwise normal. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the risk of recurrence of congenital heart disease in subsequent pregnancies?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "2-6%",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 15248,
"question": "What is the risk of recurrence of congenital heart disease in subsequent pregnancies?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat anatomical feature associated with a horseshoe kidney may complicate the surgical approach to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Anomalous origins of multiple renal arteries",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 1496,
"question": "What anatomical feature associated with a horseshoe kidney may complicate the surgical approach to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nFollowing is the most impoant factor in the management of shock -\nA. Blood pressure\nB. Cardiac output\nC. CVP to 8 cm of water\nD. Deficiency of effective circulation",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Deficiency of effective circulation",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Blood pressure"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Cardiac output"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "CVP to 8 cm of water"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Deficiency of effective circulation"
}
],
"index": 11016,
"question": "Following is the most impoant factor in the management of shock -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the clinical incubation period of Filariasis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "8 to 16 months",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18724,
"question": "What is the clinical incubation period of Filariasis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 60-year-old man with coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia is taking rosuvastatin and aspirin. He was recently prescribed erythromycin for respiratory symptoms. What side effect related to drug interaction should the internist be most concerned about?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Myalgia due to decreased rosuvastatin metabolism in the presence of erythromycin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 4803,
"question": "A 60-year-old man with coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia is taking rosuvastatin and aspirin. He was recently prescribed erythromycin for respiratory symptoms. What side effect related to drug interaction should the internist be most concerned about?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following is responsible for green color on antibiotic disk sensitivity testing?\nA. Pyoverdin and pyocyanin\nB. Pneumolysin\nC. Optochin\nD. Alpha hemolysin",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Pyoverdin and pyocyanin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Pyoverdin and pyocyanin"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Pneumolysin"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Optochin"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Alpha hemolysin"
}
],
"index": 14176,
"question": "Which of the following is responsible for green color on antibiotic disk sensitivity testing?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 48-year-old man with mild persistent asthma controlled on daily fluticasone has been using his albuterol inhaler daily for the past month due to increased shortness of breath and decreased exercise tolerance. His vital signs are stable, and physical exam reveals mild bilateral wheezes. What is the most appropriate change to his asthma treatment regimen?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Add salmeterol to current regimen",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 7818,
"question": "A 48-year-old man with mild persistent asthma controlled on daily fluticasone has been using his albuterol inhaler daily for the past month due to increased shortness of breath and decreased exercise tolerance. His vital signs are stable, and physical exam reveals mild bilateral wheezes. What is the most appropriate change to his asthma treatment regimen?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the commonly used route of administration for the induction of general anaesthesia?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Intravenous",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18102,
"question": "What is the commonly used route of administration for the induction of general anaesthesia?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 3-year-old boy presents with features suggestive of Down syndrome, including developmental delay, distinctive facial features, and a simian crease. His karyotype shows 46 chromosomes with two normal chromosome 21 alleles, but further testing reveals a third copy of chromosome 21 genes translocated onto another chromosome. What is the name of this mechanism causing Down syndrome in this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Robertsonian translocation",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5437,
"question": "A 3-year-old boy presents with features suggestive of Down syndrome, including developmental delay, distinctive facial features, and a simian crease. His karyotype shows 46 chromosomes with two normal chromosome 21 alleles, but further testing reveals a third copy of chromosome 21 genes translocated onto another chromosome. What is the name of this mechanism causing Down syndrome in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the next best step in the management of a patient who presents with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and is found to have a 1.4 cm gallbladder polyp on ultrasound?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Cholecystectomy",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6762,
"question": "What is the next best step in the management of a patient who presents with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and is found to have a 1.4 cm gallbladder polyp on ultrasound?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat process leads to the generation of X-rays?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Electron Beam From Cathode Striking the Anode.",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 17295,
"question": "What process leads to the generation of X-rays?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat area or stimulus elicits the bulbocavernosus reflex?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Perianal",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 14971,
"question": "What area or stimulus elicits the bulbocavernosus reflex?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 52-year-old woman presents with persistent, painful erosions in her mouth that developed gradually over one week and have progressively worsened. Several days ago, she also developed flaccid blisters on her skin that quickly ruptured to form erosions. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Pemphigus vulgaris",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 868,
"question": "A 52-year-old woman presents with persistent, painful erosions in her mouth that developed gradually over one week and have progressively worsened. Several days ago, she also developed flaccid blisters on her skin that quickly ruptured to form erosions. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the daily extra calorie requirement in a normal pregnancy?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "300",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18896,
"question": "What is the daily extra calorie requirement in a normal pregnancy?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 24-year-old female presents with severe pain during menses (dysmenorrhea). To treat her symptoms, you advise her to take indomethacin in the hopes that it will reduce her pain by interfering with the production of\nA. Bradykinin\nB. Histamine\nC. Phospholipase A2\nD. Prostaglandin F2",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Prostaglandin F2",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Bradykinin"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Histamine"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Phospholipase A2"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Prostaglandin F2"
}
],
"index": 12053,
"question": "A 24-year-old female presents with severe pain during menses (dysmenorrhea). To treat her symptoms, you advise her to take indomethacin in the hopes that it will reduce her pain by interfering with the production of",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nCiclipirox oleamine is used in -\nA. Dermatophytosis\nB. Acne\nC. Psoriasis\nD. Lichen planus",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Dermatophytosis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Dermatophytosis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Acne"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Psoriasis"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Lichen planus"
}
],
"index": 19474,
"question": "Ciclipirox oleamine is used in -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat type of mutation results from the deletion of three nucleotides that code for a single amino acid, such as the phenylalanine at position 508 in the CFTR gene, leading to cystic fibrosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "In-frame mutation",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 3375,
"question": "What type of mutation results from the deletion of three nucleotides that code for a single amino acid, such as the phenylalanine at position 508 in the CFTR gene, leading to cystic fibrosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 59-year-old man presents with sudden onset of right arm weakness and numbness, right facial droop, and slurred speech. He has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, and a 40-year history of smoking. His blood pressure is elevated at 143/92 mm Hg. Considering his clinical presentation and risk factors, what is the strongest predisposing factor for his condition?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Hypertension",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 8134,
"question": "A 59-year-old man presents with sudden onset of right arm weakness and numbness, right facial droop, and slurred speech. He has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, and a 40-year history of smoking. His blood pressure is elevated at 143/92 mm Hg. Considering his clinical presentation and risk factors, what is the strongest predisposing factor for his condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich type of cells undergo apoptosis in glaucoma?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Ganglion cells",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 17078,
"question": "Which type of cells undergo apoptosis in glaucoma?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich brain structure is involved in the pathway responsible for chemotherapy-induced nausea in a patient undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Medulla oblongata",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5607,
"question": "Which brain structure is involved in the pathway responsible for chemotherapy-induced nausea in a patient undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nHIV treatment in pregnancy\nA. After diagnosis till lifelong\nB. After 1st trimester till lifelong\nC. After diagnosis till puerperium\nD. After pregnancy till lifelong",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. After diagnosis till lifelong",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "After diagnosis till lifelong"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "After 1st trimester till lifelong"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "After diagnosis till puerperium"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "After pregnancy till lifelong"
}
],
"index": 20501,
"question": "HIV treatment in pregnancy",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 42-year-old man is referred for an endocrinology consult because of decreased triiodothyronine (T3) hormone levels. He presented to the emergency department 1 week prior to this consultation with pneumonia and was admitted to a medicine service for management of his infection. He has since recovered from his infection after intravenous antibiotic administration. He currently has no symptoms and denies feeling cold or lethargic. A panel of laboratory tests are obtained with the following results:\n\nThyroid-stimulating hormone: 4.7 µU/mL\nThyroxine (T4): 6 µg/dL\nTriiodothyronine (T3): 68 ng/dL\n\nWhich of the following additional findings would most likely also be seen in this patient?\nA. Decreased free T3 concentration\nB. Decreased reverse T3 concentration\nC. Increased free T3 concentration\nD. Increased reverse T3 concentration\nE. Normal free and reverse T3 concentration",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Increased reverse T3 concentration",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Decreased free T3 concentration"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Decreased reverse T3 concentration"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Increased free T3 concentration"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Increased reverse T3 concentration"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Normal free and reverse T3 concentration"
}
],
"index": 2116,
"question": "A 42-year-old man is referred for an endocrinology consult because of decreased triiodothyronine (T3) hormone levels. He presented to the emergency department 1 week prior to this consultation with pneumonia and was admitted to a medicine service for management of his infection. He has since recovered from his infection after intravenous antibiotic administration. He currently has no symptoms and denies feeling cold or lethargic. A panel of laboratory tests are obtained with the following results:\n\nThyroid-stimulating hormone: 4.7 µU/mL\nThyroxine (T4): 6 µg/dL\nTriiodothyronine (T3): 68 ng/dL\n\nWhich of the following additional findings would most likely also be seen in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 75-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of upper abdominal pain, nausea, and sensation of early satiety. He has also had a 9.4-kg (20.7-lb) weight loss over the past 4 months. He has osteoarthritis. He drinks two beers every night with dinner. His only medication is ibuprofen. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows an ulcerated mass in the lesser curvature of the stomach. A biopsy specimen obtained during endoscopy shows irregular-shaped tubules with intraluminal mucus and debris. Which of the following is the most likely predisposing factor for this patient's condition?\nA. Inflammatory bowel disease\nB. NSAID use\nC. Low-fiber diet\nD. Dietary nitrates\nE. Blood type O",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Dietary nitrates",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Inflammatory bowel disease"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "NSAID use"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Low-fiber diet"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Dietary nitrates"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Blood type O"
}
],
"index": 1468,
"question": "A 75-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of upper abdominal pain, nausea, and sensation of early satiety. He has also had a 9.4-kg (20.7-lb) weight loss over the past 4 months. He has osteoarthritis. He drinks two beers every night with dinner. His only medication is ibuprofen. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows an ulcerated mass in the lesser curvature of the stomach. A biopsy specimen obtained during endoscopy shows irregular-shaped tubules with intraluminal mucus and debris. Which of the following is the most likely predisposing factor for this patient's condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat are the spinal nerve roots involved in the Achilles reflex? \nAnswer: S1, S2",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "S1,S2",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12562,
"question": "What are the spinal nerve roots involved in the Achilles reflex? \nAnswer: S1, S2",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nHalf life of Technetium 99 is:\nA. 2 hours\nB. 6 hours\nC. 12 hours\nD. 24 hours",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. 6 hours",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "2 hours"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "6 hours"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "12 hours"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "24 hours"
}
],
"index": 17495,
"question": "Half life of Technetium 99 is:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 35-year-old woman gives birth to a baby girl at 38 weeks of gestation. The infant has characteristic features including a flat face, upward-slanting eyes, a short neck, a protruding tongue from a small mouth, poor muscle tone, and excessive joint laxity. Chromosomal analysis confirms the diagnosis. Based on these findings, what condition is the infant most likely to develop in the future?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 4379,
"question": "A 35-year-old woman gives birth to a baby girl at 38 weeks of gestation. The infant has characteristic features including a flat face, upward-slanting eyes, a short neck, a protruding tongue from a small mouth, poor muscle tone, and excessive joint laxity. Chromosomal analysis confirms the diagnosis. Based on these findings, what condition is the infant most likely to develop in the future?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 51-year-old man presents with progressively worsening dyspnea on exertion and fatigue for 2 months. Cardiac examination reveals no murmurs or bruits, but coarse crackles are heard at the lung bases bilaterally. An ECG shows an irregularly irregular rhythm without p waves. Chest x-ray demonstrates globular cardiac enlargement with prominent hila and bilateral fluffy infiltrates. Transthoracic echocardiography reveals a dilated left ventricle with an ejection fraction of 40%. What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Chronic supraventricular tachycardia",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 960,
"question": "A 51-year-old man presents with progressively worsening dyspnea on exertion and fatigue for 2 months. Cardiac examination reveals no murmurs or bruits, but coarse crackles are heard at the lung bases bilaterally. An ECG shows an irregularly irregular rhythm without p waves. Chest x-ray demonstrates globular cardiac enlargement with prominent hila and bilateral fluffy infiltrates. Transthoracic echocardiography reveals a dilated left ventricle with an ejection fraction of 40%. What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nHair on end appearance is seen in-\nA. Dermoid cyst\nB. Thalassemia\nC. Kwashiorkar\nD. Tinea capitis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Thalassemia",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Dermoid cyst"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Thalassemia"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Kwashiorkar"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Tinea capitis"
}
],
"index": 15578,
"question": "Hair on end appearance is seen in-",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 29-year-old G2P1 in her 22nd week of pregnancy presents with a primary complaint of peripheral edema. Her first pregnancy was without any major complications. Evaluation reveals a blood pressure of 160/90 and urinalysis demonstrates elevated levels of protein; both of these values were within normal limits at the patient's last well check-up 1 year ago. Further progression of this patient’s condition would immediately place her at greatest risk for developing which of the following?\nA. Diabetes mellitus\nB. Seizures\nC. Myocardial infarction\nD. Crohn's Disease\nE. Tubulointerstitial nephritis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Seizures",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Diabetes mellitus"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Seizures"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Myocardial infarction"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Crohn's Disease"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Tubulointerstitial nephritis"
}
],
"index": 883,
"question": "A 29-year-old G2P1 in her 22nd week of pregnancy presents with a primary complaint of peripheral edema. Her first pregnancy was without any major complications. Evaluation reveals a blood pressure of 160/90 and urinalysis demonstrates elevated levels of protein; both of these values were within normal limits at the patient's last well check-up 1 year ago. Further progression of this patient’s condition would immediately place her at greatest risk for developing which of the following?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich structure does not form the left border of the heart?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Pulmonary vein",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 17532,
"question": "Which structure does not form the left border of the heart?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 51-year-old woman presents with macrocytic anemia characterized by hemoglobin 8.7 g/dL, hematocrit 27%, MCV 111 fL, and a blood smear showing macrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils. She is suspected to have an autoimmune condition involving anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. What other laboratory abnormality might you expect to find in this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "High serum TSH",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6868,
"question": "A 51-year-old woman presents with macrocytic anemia characterized by hemoglobin 8.7 g/dL, hematocrit 27%, MCV 111 fL, and a blood smear showing macrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils. She is suspected to have an autoimmune condition involving anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. What other laboratory abnormality might you expect to find in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThis milestone is achieved by the age of _________\nA. 2 months\nB. 4 months\nC. 6 months\nD. 8 months",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. 4 months",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "2 months"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "4 months"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "6 months"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "8 months"
}
],
"index": 15419,
"question": "This milestone is achieved by the age of _________",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn a 66-year-old woman presenting with severe abdominal pain, profuse watery diarrhea with blood streaks following a recent course of ciprofloxacin, fever, leukocytosis, and abdominal distension without signs of perforation, what is the most likely finding on her abdominal x-ray?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Dilation of the colon with loss of haustration",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 9497,
"question": "In a 66-year-old woman presenting with severe abdominal pain, profuse watery diarrhea with blood streaks following a recent course of ciprofloxacin, fever, leukocytosis, and abdominal distension without signs of perforation, what is the most likely finding on her abdominal x-ray?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with a 2-hour history of severe, sudden-onset generalized headache. He has since developed nausea and has had one episode of vomiting. The symptoms began while he was at home watching television. Six days ago, he experienced a severe headache that resolved without treatment. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The patient has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for 30 years. His current medications include lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide and simvastatin. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F), pulse is 82/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 162/98 mm Hg. The pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light. Fundoscopic examination shows no swelling of the optic discs. Cranial nerves II–XII are intact. He has no focal motor or sensory deficits. Finger-to-nose and heel-to-shin testing are normal. A CT scan of the head shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?\nA. Repeat CT scan in 24 hours\nB. Obtain a lumbar puncture\nC. Administer 100% oxygen and intranasal sumatriptan\nD. Place ventriculoperitoneal shunt\nE. Obtain an MRI scan of the head",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Obtain a lumbar puncture",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Repeat CT scan in 24 hours"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Obtain a lumbar puncture"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Administer 100% oxygen and intranasal sumatriptan"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Place ventriculoperitoneal shunt"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Obtain an MRI scan of the head"
}
],
"index": 9642,
"question": "A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with a 2-hour history of severe, sudden-onset generalized headache. He has since developed nausea and has had one episode of vomiting. The symptoms began while he was at home watching television. Six days ago, he experienced a severe headache that resolved without treatment. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The patient has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for 30 years. His current medications include lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide and simvastatin. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F), pulse is 82/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 162/98 mm Hg. The pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light. Fundoscopic examination shows no swelling of the optic discs. Cranial nerves II–XII are intact. He has no focal motor or sensory deficits. Finger-to-nose and heel-to-shin testing are normal. A CT scan of the head shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 2-month-old girl is admitted to the hospital because of a 1-day history of fever and difficulty breathing. She has also had nasal congestion for 2 days. She was born at 28 weeks' gestation and weighed 1105 g (2 lb 7 oz); she currently weighs 2118 g (4 lb 11 oz). Her neonatal course was complicated by respiratory distress syndrome. She required supplemental oxygen for 36 days following birth. She was diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia 3 weeks ago. The infant missed an appointment with the pediatrician 2 weeks ago. Her only medication is vitamin D drops. She appears lethargic. Her temperature is 38.6°C (101.4°F), pulse is 160/min, respirations are 55/min, and blood pressure is 80/45 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 87%. Physical examination shows moderate subcostal retractions. Wheezing is heard on auscultation of the chest. Her hemoglobin concentration is 10.5 g/dL, leukocyte count is 13,000/mm3, and platelet count is 345,000/mm3. Mechanic ventilatory support is initiated. After 4 days in the pediatric intensive care unit, the patient dies. Administration of which of the following is most likely to have prevented this patient's outcome?\nA. Ribavirin\nB. Postnatal glucocorticoid\nC. Ceftriaxone\nD. Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin\nE. Palivizumab",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Palivizumab",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Ribavirin"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Postnatal glucocorticoid"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Ceftriaxone"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Palivizumab"
}
],
"index": 7159,
"question": "A 2-month-old girl is admitted to the hospital because of a 1-day history of fever and difficulty breathing. She has also had nasal congestion for 2 days. She was born at 28 weeks' gestation and weighed 1105 g (2 lb 7 oz); she currently weighs 2118 g (4 lb 11 oz). Her neonatal course was complicated by respiratory distress syndrome. She required supplemental oxygen for 36 days following birth. She was diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia 3 weeks ago. The infant missed an appointment with the pediatrician 2 weeks ago. Her only medication is vitamin D drops. She appears lethargic. Her temperature is 38.6°C (101.4°F), pulse is 160/min, respirations are 55/min, and blood pressure is 80/45 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 87%. Physical examination shows moderate subcostal retractions. Wheezing is heard on auscultation of the chest. Her hemoglobin concentration is 10.5 g/dL, leukocyte count is 13,000/mm3, and platelet count is 345,000/mm3. Mechanic ventilatory support is initiated. After 4 days in the pediatric intensive care unit, the patient dies. Administration of which of the following is most likely to have prevented this patient's outcome?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nInjury to radial nerve in the lower part of spiral groove -\nA. Spares nerve supply to extensor carpi radialis longus\nB. Results in paralysis of anconeus muscle\nC. Leaves extensions at elbow joint intact\nD. Weakens pronation movement",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Leaves extensions at elbow joint intact",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Spares nerve supply to extensor carpi radialis longus"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Results in paralysis of anconeus muscle"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Leaves extensions at elbow joint intact"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Weakens pronation movement"
}
],
"index": 14919,
"question": "Injury to radial nerve in the lower part of spiral groove -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 63-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of progressive blurring and darkening of her vision in the right eye. Upon waking up in the morning, she suddenly started seeing multiple dark streaks. She has migraines and type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed at her last health maintenance examination 20 years ago. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years. Her only medication is sumatriptan. Her vitals are within normal limits. Ophthalmologic examination shows visual acuity of 20/40 in the left eye and 20/100 in the right eye. The fundus is obscured and difficult to visualize on fundoscopic examination of the right eye. The red reflex is diminished on the right. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?\nA. Central retinal vein occlusion\nB. Central retinal artery occlusion\nC. Cataract\nD. Migraine aura\nE. Vitreous hemorrhage",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Vitreous hemorrhage",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Central retinal vein occlusion"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Central retinal artery occlusion"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Cataract"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Migraine aura"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Vitreous hemorrhage"
}
],
"index": 5724,
"question": "A 63-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of progressive blurring and darkening of her vision in the right eye. Upon waking up in the morning, she suddenly started seeing multiple dark streaks. She has migraines and type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed at her last health maintenance examination 20 years ago. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years. Her only medication is sumatriptan. Her vitals are within normal limits. Ophthalmologic examination shows visual acuity of 20/40 in the left eye and 20/100 in the right eye. The fundus is obscured and difficult to visualize on fundoscopic examination of the right eye. The red reflex is diminished on the right. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is considered the heart of a controlled trial?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Randomization",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18987,
"question": "What is considered the heart of a controlled trial?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 70 kg old athlete was posted for surgery, Patient was administered succinylcholine due to unavailability of vecuronium. It was administered in intermittent dosing (total 640 mg). During recovery, the patient was not able to respire spontaneously & move limbs. What is the explanation –\nA. Pseudocholinesterase deficiency increasing action of syccinylcholine\nB. Phase 2 blockade produced by succinylcholine\nC. Undiagnosed muscular dystrophy and muscular weakness\nD. Muscular weakness due to fasciculation produced by succinylcholine",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Phase 2 blockade produced by succinylcholine",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Pseudocholinesterase deficiency increasing action of syccinylcholine"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Phase 2 blockade produced by succinylcholine"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Undiagnosed muscular dystrophy and muscular weakness"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Muscular weakness due to fasciculation produced by succinylcholine"
}
],
"index": 17686,
"question": "A 70 kg old athlete was posted for surgery, Patient was administered succinylcholine due to unavailability of vecuronium. It was administered in intermittent dosing (total 640 mg). During recovery, the patient was not able to respire spontaneously & move limbs. What is the explanation –",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich chromosomal pattern is not compatible with life? \nAnswer: OY",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "OY",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 15485,
"question": "Which chromosomal pattern is not compatible with life? \nAnswer: OY",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following is not included under Garrod's tetrad\nA. Albinism\nB. Pentosuria\nC. Phenylketonuria\nD. Cystinuria",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Phenylketonuria",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Albinism"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Pentosuria"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Phenylketonuria"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Cystinuria"
}
],
"index": 13618,
"question": "Which of the following is not included under Garrod's tetrad",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 42-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of episodic headaches involving both temples for 5 months. The patient has been taking acetaminophen, but it has not provided relief. He has also had double vision. Ophthalmic examination shows impaired peripheral vision bilaterally. Contrast MRI of the head shows a 14 x 10 x 8-mm intrasellar mass. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following findings?\nA. Macroglossia\nB. Impotence\nC. Galactorrhea\nD. Polyuria\nE. Diarrhea",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Impotence",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Macroglossia"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Impotence"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Galactorrhea"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Polyuria"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Diarrhea"
}
],
"index": 928,
"question": "A 42-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of episodic headaches involving both temples for 5 months. The patient has been taking acetaminophen, but it has not provided relief. He has also had double vision. Ophthalmic examination shows impaired peripheral vision bilaterally. Contrast MRI of the head shows a 14 x 10 x 8-mm intrasellar mass. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following findings?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the best next step in management for a six-month-old infant presenting with a persistent head tilt and turn, minor bruising over the sternocleidomastoid muscle, no ocular abnormalities, and normal visual tracking?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Neck radiograph",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 9131,
"question": "What is the best next step in management for a six-month-old infant presenting with a persistent head tilt and turn, minor bruising over the sternocleidomastoid muscle, no ocular abnormalities, and normal visual tracking?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat underlying condition most likely contributed to the sudden neurological decline in a 74-year-old woman with supraventricular tachycardia who developed right upper extremity weakness and dysarthria shortly after treatment?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Atherosclerosis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5405,
"question": "What underlying condition most likely contributed to the sudden neurological decline in a 74-year-old woman with supraventricular tachycardia who developed right upper extremity weakness and dysarthria shortly after treatment?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the mechanism of action of Etoposide?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Inhibition of topoisomerase",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 11671,
"question": "What is the mechanism of action of Etoposide?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
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