data_source
stringclasses 2
values | prompt
listlengths 1
1
| ability
stringclasses 1
value | reward_model
dict | extra_info
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Exogenous steroids",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12273,
"question": "What is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents with a sudden onset of breathlessness. She has been having similar episodes over the past few months with a progressive increase in frequency over the past week. They have noticed that the difficulty in breathing is more prominent during the day when she plays in the garden with her siblings. She gets better once she comes indoors. During the episodes, she complains of an inability to breathe and her parents say that she is gasping for breath. Sometimes they hear a noisy wheeze while she breathes. The breathlessness does not disrupt her sleep. On examination, she seems to be in distress with noticeable intercostal retractions. Auscultation reveals a slight expiratory wheeze. According to her history and physical findings, which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for this child’s difficulty in breathing?\nA. Chronic mucus plugging and inflammation leading to impaired mucociliary clearance\nB. Destruction of the elastic layers of bronchial walls leading to abnormal dilation\nC. Defective chloride channel function leading to mucus plugging\nD. Inflammation leading to permanent dilation and destruction of alveoli\nE. Airway hyperreactivity to external allergens causing intermittent airway obstruction",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Airway hyperreactivity to external allergens causing intermittent airway obstruction",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Chronic mucus plugging and inflammation leading to impaired mucociliary clearance"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Destruction of the elastic layers of bronchial walls leading to abnormal dilation"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Defective chloride channel function leading to mucus plugging"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Inflammation leading to permanent dilation and destruction of alveoli"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Airway hyperreactivity to external allergens causing intermittent airway obstruction"
}
],
"index": 9580,
"question": "A 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents with a sudden onset of breathlessness. She has been having similar episodes over the past few months with a progressive increase in frequency over the past week. They have noticed that the difficulty in breathing is more prominent during the day when she plays in the garden with her siblings. She gets better once she comes indoors. During the episodes, she complains of an inability to breathe and her parents say that she is gasping for breath. Sometimes they hear a noisy wheeze while she breathes. The breathlessness does not disrupt her sleep. On examination, she seems to be in distress with noticeable intercostal retractions. Auscultation reveals a slight expiratory wheeze. According to her history and physical findings, which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for this child’s difficulty in breathing?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe facial root of premolar appears to be distal to the lingual root in X-ray. What will be the direction of projection?\nA. Changed vertical direction of projection\nB. X-ray projected from distal side\nC. X-ray projected from mesial side\nD. Changing the tube film distance",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. X-ray projected from mesial side",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Changed vertical direction of projection"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "X-ray projected from distal side"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "X-ray projected from mesial side"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Changing the tube film distance"
}
],
"index": 17492,
"question": "The facial root of premolar appears to be distal to the lingual root in X-ray. What will be the direction of projection?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 48-year-old female presents with a 1-year history of dry eyes, difficulty swallowing, frequent blinking, eye strain, stiffness in her knees and lower back, dry oral mucosa, and enlargement of the parotid glands. Given these symptoms, which autoantibody is most likely to be positive in this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Anti-SS-A",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 2624,
"question": "A 48-year-old female presents with a 1-year history of dry eyes, difficulty swallowing, frequent blinking, eye strain, stiffness in her knees and lower back, dry oral mucosa, and enlargement of the parotid glands. Given these symptoms, which autoantibody is most likely to be positive in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of numbness and burning sensation of his legs for the past week. He also complains that his stools have been larger and rougher than usual. He has non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is currently receiving chemotherapy with prednisone, vincristine, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. He has received 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and his last chemotherapy cycle was 2 weeks ago. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 89/min, and blood pressure is 122/80 mm Hg. Examination shows decreased muscle strength in the distal muscles of the lower extremities. Ankle jerk is 1+ bilaterally and knee reflex is 2+ bilaterally. Sensation to pain, vibration, and position is decreased over the lower extremities. Serum concentrations of glucose, creatinine, electrolytes, and calcium are within the reference range. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?\nA. Adverse effect of vincristine\nB. Spinal cord compression\nC. Paraneoplastic autoantibodies\nD. Guillain-Barré syndrome\nE. Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Adverse effect of vincristine",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Adverse effect of vincristine"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Spinal cord compression"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Paraneoplastic autoantibodies"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Guillain-Barré syndrome"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease"
}
],
"index": 7402,
"question": "A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of numbness and burning sensation of his legs for the past week. He also complains that his stools have been larger and rougher than usual. He has non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is currently receiving chemotherapy with prednisone, vincristine, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. He has received 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and his last chemotherapy cycle was 2 weeks ago. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 89/min, and blood pressure is 122/80 mm Hg. Examination shows decreased muscle strength in the distal muscles of the lower extremities. Ankle jerk is 1+ bilaterally and knee reflex is 2+ bilaterally. Sensation to pain, vibration, and position is decreased over the lower extremities. Serum concentrations of glucose, creatinine, electrolytes, and calcium are within the reference range. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nFor poisoning by which drug is N-acetyl-cysteine used as an antidote?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Acetaminophen",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 11656,
"question": "For poisoning by which drug is N-acetyl-cysteine used as an antidote?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat are the typical bleeding time and clotting time findings in hemophilia?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Normal bleeding time prolonged clotting time",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 11973,
"question": "What are the typical bleeding time and clotting time findings in hemophilia?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn a patient with recurrent duodenal ulcers, negative Helicobacter pylori testing, elevated gastrin levels after secretin stimulation, and positive fecal occult blood test, which additional hormone level should be evaluated to assess for an associated endocrine disorder?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Parathyroid hormone",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 2042,
"question": "In a patient with recurrent duodenal ulcers, negative Helicobacter pylori testing, elevated gastrin levels after secretin stimulation, and positive fecal occult blood test, which additional hormone level should be evaluated to assess for an associated endocrine disorder?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn which type of hemorrhage is a lucid interval typically observed?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Extradural hemorrhage",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 15971,
"question": "In which type of hemorrhage is a lucid interval typically observed?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich anatomical structure marks the lateral border of the \"washboard stomach\" appearance seen in a young athlete after rigorous training and strict diet control?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Linea semilunaris",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12408,
"question": "Which anatomical structure marks the lateral border of the \"washboard stomach\" appearance seen in a young athlete after rigorous training and strict diet control?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich type of cells is the most radiosensitive among hemopoietic cells, erythroblastic cells, fibroblasts, and erythrocytes?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Cells of erythroblastic series",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 17203,
"question": "Which type of cells is the most radiosensitive among hemopoietic cells, erythroblastic cells, fibroblasts, and erythrocytes?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent wheezing for the past 2 months. The child has a history of eczema. Since birth, he has had three upper respiratory tract infections that resolved without treatment, and one episode of acute otitis media treated with antibiotics. His family moved into affordable housing 3 months ago. His temperature is 37.2°C (98.9°F), pulse is 120/min, respirations are 28/min, and blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg. There are scattered wheezes on pulmonary examination. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?\nA. Flow cytometry for B cells\nB. Spirometry\nC. Skin prick testing\nD. Throat culture\nE. Dihydrorhodamine 123 test",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Spirometry",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Flow cytometry for B cells"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Spirometry"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Skin prick testing"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Throat culture"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Dihydrorhodamine 123 test"
}
],
"index": 6038,
"question": "A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent wheezing for the past 2 months. The child has a history of eczema. Since birth, he has had three upper respiratory tract infections that resolved without treatment, and one episode of acute otitis media treated with antibiotics. His family moved into affordable housing 3 months ago. His temperature is 37.2°C (98.9°F), pulse is 120/min, respirations are 28/min, and blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg. There are scattered wheezes on pulmonary examination. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA previously healthy 15-year-old girl presents 24 hours after the onset of a severe headache, agitation, and altered mental status. She recently returned from a camping trip where she went spelunking and swam in a freshwater lake. On examination, she is febrile, tachycardic, and has diffuse hyperreflexia with bilateral extensor plantar responses. Her neck is supple without lymphadenopathy. Brain MRI reveals asymmetrical bitemporal hyperintensities. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis shows normal opening pressure, lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein, normal glucose, and a few red blood cells. What is the most likely causal pathogen responsible for her condition?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Herpes simplex virus",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 8640,
"question": "A previously healthy 15-year-old girl presents 24 hours after the onset of a severe headache, agitation, and altered mental status. She recently returned from a camping trip where she went spelunking and swam in a freshwater lake. On examination, she is febrile, tachycardic, and has diffuse hyperreflexia with bilateral extensor plantar responses. Her neck is supple without lymphadenopathy. Brain MRI reveals asymmetrical bitemporal hyperintensities. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis shows normal opening pressure, lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein, normal glucose, and a few red blood cells. What is the most likely causal pathogen responsible for her condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat condition is commonly referred to as draughtsman elbow?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Olecrenon bursitis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 15046,
"question": "What condition is commonly referred to as draughtsman elbow?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of yellow eyes and malaise for the past several hours. His symptoms began after he had cried at his father’s funeral this morning. He says that his father’s death was unexpected. He had a similar episode a year ago when he returned from a 2-day hiking trip. He has no history of any serious illness and takes no medications. His vital signs are within normal limits. His sclera are icteric. The remainder of the physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show:\nHemoglobin 15 g/dL\nMean corpuscular volume 95 μm3\nLeukocyte count 6000/mm3 with a normal differential\nSerum bilirubin, total 3.8 mg/dL\nDirect bilirubin 0.5 mg/dL\nLactate dehydrogenase 320 U/L\nAlkaline phosphatase 70 U/L\nAspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT) 22 U/L\nAlanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT) 19 U/L\nγ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) 43 U/L (N=5-50 U/L)\nWhich of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?\nA. Prednisone\nB. Packed cell transfusion\nC. Phenobarbital\nD. Reassurance\nE. Refer for liver transplantation",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Reassurance",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Prednisone"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Packed cell transfusion"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Phenobarbital"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Reassurance"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Refer for liver transplantation"
}
],
"index": 9796,
"question": "A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of yellow eyes and malaise for the past several hours. His symptoms began after he had cried at his father’s funeral this morning. He says that his father’s death was unexpected. He had a similar episode a year ago when he returned from a 2-day hiking trip. He has no history of any serious illness and takes no medications. His vital signs are within normal limits. His sclera are icteric. The remainder of the physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show:\nHemoglobin 15 g/dL\nMean corpuscular volume 95 μm3\nLeukocyte count 6000/mm3 with a normal differential\nSerum bilirubin, total 3.8 mg/dL\nDirect bilirubin 0.5 mg/dL\nLactate dehydrogenase 320 U/L\nAlkaline phosphatase 70 U/L\nAspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT) 22 U/L\nAlanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT) 19 U/L\nγ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) 43 U/L (N=5-50 U/L)\nWhich of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nBased on the patient's history of frequent urination, nocturia, weak urinary stream, and a physical examination revealing a slightly enlarged, smooth, nontender prostate, what is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Benign prostatic hyperplasia",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 8969,
"question": "Based on the patient's history of frequent urination, nocturia, weak urinary stream, and a physical examination revealing a slightly enlarged, smooth, nontender prostate, what is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and flank pain. Five days ago, he was catheterized for acute urinary retention. His temperature is 39.3°C (102.7°F). Physical examination shows right-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. Urine studies show numerous bacteria and WBC casts. Urine culture on blood agar grows mucoid, gray-white colonies. Urine culture on eosin methylene blue agar grows purple colonies with no metallic green sheen. Which of the following is the most likely causal pathogen?\nA. Proteus mirabilis\nB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa\nC. Escherichia coli\nD. Klebsiella pneumoniae\nE. Staphylococcus saprophyticus",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Klebsiella pneumoniae",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Proteus mirabilis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Escherichia coli"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Klebsiella pneumoniae"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Staphylococcus saprophyticus"
}
],
"index": 2190,
"question": "A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and flank pain. Five days ago, he was catheterized for acute urinary retention. His temperature is 39.3°C (102.7°F). Physical examination shows right-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. Urine studies show numerous bacteria and WBC casts. Urine culture on blood agar grows mucoid, gray-white colonies. Urine culture on eosin methylene blue agar grows purple colonies with no metallic green sheen. Which of the following is the most likely causal pathogen?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe leukotriene receptor antagonist used in bronchial asthma is -\nA. Zafirleukast\nB. Zileuton\nC. Ketotifen\nD. Nedocromil",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Zafirleukast",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Zafirleukast"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Zileuton"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Ketotifen"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Nedocromil"
}
],
"index": 11200,
"question": "The leukotriene receptor antagonist used in bronchial asthma is -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the preferred diagnostic test for invasive amebiasis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "ELISA",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10297,
"question": "What is the preferred diagnostic test for invasive amebiasis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 3-month old male child with normal genitalia presents to the emergency department with severe dehydration, hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. The measurement blood levels of which of the following will be helpful ?\nA. 17-hydroxy progesterone\nB. Renin\nC. Cortisol\nD. Aldosterone",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. 17-hydroxy progesterone",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "17-hydroxy progesterone"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Renin"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Cortisol"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Aldosterone"
}
],
"index": 15510,
"question": "A 3-month old male child with normal genitalia presents to the emergency department with severe dehydration, hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. The measurement blood levels of which of the following will be helpful ?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 24-year-old professional ballerina presents with a one-week history of deep pain at the bottom of her right heel that is worst with the first steps in the morning and worsens with prolonged ballet practice. Physical examination reveals tenderness at the bottom of the heel with dorsiflexion of the foot but no swelling or skin changes. Vital signs are normal. What is the best next step in management for her heel pain?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Resting of the foot",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6907,
"question": "A 24-year-old professional ballerina presents with a one-week history of deep pain at the bottom of her right heel that is worst with the first steps in the morning and worsens with prolonged ballet practice. Physical examination reveals tenderness at the bottom of the heel with dorsiflexion of the foot but no swelling or skin changes. Vital signs are normal. What is the best next step in management for her heel pain?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 24-year old unmarried woman has multiple nodular, cystic, pustular and comadonic lesions on face, upper back and shoulders for 2 years. The drug of choice for her treatment would be:\nA. Acitretin\nB. Doxycycline\nC. Isotretinoin\nD. Azithromycin",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Isotretinoin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Acitretin"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Doxycycline"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Isotretinoin"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Azithromycin"
}
],
"index": 19883,
"question": "A 24-year old unmarried woman has multiple nodular, cystic, pustular and comadonic lesions on face, upper back and shoulders for 2 years. The drug of choice for her treatment would be:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nTwo days after hospital admission and surgical treatment for a cut on his right thigh from a sickle, a 35-year-old man has fever, chills, and intense pain. The wound is swollen. He had a similar injury 4 months ago that resolved following treatment with bacitracin ointment and daily dressings. He works on a farm on the outskirts of the city. He appears anxious. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 103/min, and blood pressure is 114/76 mm Hg. Examination shows a 6-cm edematous deep, foul-smelling wound on the medial surface of the right thigh. The skin over the thigh appears darker than the skin on the lower leg. There are multiple blisters around the wound. Light palpation around the wound causes severe pain; crepitus is present. Which of the following is the most likely causal organism?\nA. Clostridium perfringens\nB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa\nC. Rhizopus oryzae\nD. Staphylococcus aureus\nE. Pasteurella multocida",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Clostridium perfringens",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Clostridium perfringens"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Rhizopus oryzae"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Staphylococcus aureus"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Pasteurella multocida"
}
],
"index": 10008,
"question": "Two days after hospital admission and surgical treatment for a cut on his right thigh from a sickle, a 35-year-old man has fever, chills, and intense pain. The wound is swollen. He had a similar injury 4 months ago that resolved following treatment with bacitracin ointment and daily dressings. He works on a farm on the outskirts of the city. He appears anxious. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 103/min, and blood pressure is 114/76 mm Hg. Examination shows a 6-cm edematous deep, foul-smelling wound on the medial surface of the right thigh. The skin over the thigh appears darker than the skin on the lower leg. There are multiple blisters around the wound. Light palpation around the wound causes severe pain; crepitus is present. Which of the following is the most likely causal organism?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 35-year-old man who is a professional baseball player presents with stiffness in his hands. He says he is unable to bat as he would like and feels like he lacks power in his swings. He also has noticed that he sometimes seems to be dragging his feet while walking, and his voice seems to have changed. On physical examination, strength is 3 out of 5 in the extensor and flexor muscle groups in both upper and lower limbs bilaterally. Sensation is intact. Widespread muscle fasciculations are noted. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?\nA. Lambert-Eaton Syndrome\nB. Myasthenia gravis\nC. Multiple sclerosis\nD. Primary lateral sclerosis\nE. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Lambert-Eaton Syndrome"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Myasthenia gravis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Multiple sclerosis"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Primary lateral sclerosis"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"
}
],
"index": 1993,
"question": "A 35-year-old man who is a professional baseball player presents with stiffness in his hands. He says he is unable to bat as he would like and feels like he lacks power in his swings. He also has noticed that he sometimes seems to be dragging his feet while walking, and his voice seems to have changed. On physical examination, strength is 3 out of 5 in the extensor and flexor muscle groups in both upper and lower limbs bilaterally. Sensation is intact. Widespread muscle fasciculations are noted. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 40-year-old woman presents with fatigue, poor appetite, unintentional weight loss, nausea, and episodes of vomiting over the past 6 months. She has regular menstrual cycles but reports decreased sexual desire. Vital signs show mild hypotension and tachycardia. Laboratory studies reveal hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, low morning cortisol, and normal hemoglobin and leukocyte counts. What is the most appropriate next step in the evaluation and management of this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Cosyntropin administration\n\"",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 7548,
"question": "A 40-year-old woman presents with fatigue, poor appetite, unintentional weight loss, nausea, and episodes of vomiting over the past 6 months. She has regular menstrual cycles but reports decreased sexual desire. Vital signs show mild hypotension and tachycardia. Laboratory studies reveal hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, low morning cortisol, and normal hemoglobin and leukocyte counts. What is the most appropriate next step in the evaluation and management of this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 52-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for an annual check-up. He says that he has no significant developments over the last year and that he has been feeling well in general. On presentation, his temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 140/95 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 12/min. This is the third time that he has had elevated blood pressure so his physician suggests that he start taking a medication for hypertension. The patient is a biologist so he researches this medication after returning home. He finds that the medication can either decrease or increase the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate depending on whether there is endogenous substrate around. Which of the following medications is mostly likely being described here?\nA. Atenolol\nB. Carvedilol\nC. Esmolol\nD. Pindolol\nE. Propranolol",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Pindolol",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Atenolol"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Carvedilol"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Esmolol"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Pindolol"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Propranolol"
}
],
"index": 2024,
"question": "A 52-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for an annual check-up. He says that he has no significant developments over the last year and that he has been feeling well in general. On presentation, his temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 140/95 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 12/min. This is the third time that he has had elevated blood pressure so his physician suggests that he start taking a medication for hypertension. The patient is a biologist so he researches this medication after returning home. He finds that the medication can either decrease or increase the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate depending on whether there is endogenous substrate around. Which of the following medications is mostly likely being described here?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich coagulation factor is responsible for cross-linking and stabilizing the blood clot?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Factor XIII",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12860,
"question": "Which coagulation factor is responsible for cross-linking and stabilizing the blood clot?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich component is not part of the filtration slit diaphragm at the glomerulus?\n\nAnswer: Batin",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Batin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 13130,
"question": "Which component is not part of the filtration slit diaphragm at the glomerulus?\n\nAnswer: Batin",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAnterolateral avulsion fracture of the distal tibial physis is known as -\nA. Potts fracture\nB. Tillaux frascture\nC. Choparacture\nD. Jones fractture",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Tillaux frascture",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Potts fracture"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Tillaux frascture"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Choparacture"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Jones fractture"
}
],
"index": 14685,
"question": "Anterolateral avulsion fracture of the distal tibial physis is known as -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 65-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and heavy smoking presents with a 6-month history of bilateral calf pain that occurs after walking short distances and is worse on the right side. Physical examination reveals diminished pedal pulses and shiny skin with reduced hair on the legs. An ankle-brachial index is 0.5 on the right and 0.6 on the left. What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Graded exercise therapy",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 7400,
"question": "A 65-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and heavy smoking presents with a 6-month history of bilateral calf pain that occurs after walking short distances and is worse on the right side. Physical examination reveals diminished pedal pulses and shiny skin with reduced hair on the legs. An ankle-brachial index is 0.5 on the right and 0.6 on the left. What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 60-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with severe anemia (hemoglobin 4.5 g/dL). Her platelet count is 200,000/mm³, total leukocyte count is 6000/mm³, serum ferritin is elevated at 200 mg/L, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) is 280 ng/mL. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Anemia of chronic disease",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10513,
"question": "A 60-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with severe anemia (hemoglobin 4.5 g/dL). Her platelet count is 200,000/mm³, total leukocyte count is 6000/mm³, serum ferritin is elevated at 200 mg/L, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) is 280 ng/mL. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nMost common mode of transmission of Pasteurella Multocida is:\nA. Animal Bites or scratches\nB. Aerosols or dust\nC. Contaminated tissue\nD. Human to human",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Animal Bites or scratches",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Animal Bites or scratches"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Aerosols or dust"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Contaminated tissue"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Human to human"
}
],
"index": 14026,
"question": "Most common mode of transmission of Pasteurella Multocida is:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 43-year-old man presents with weight loss and a firm, immobile enlarged left upper cervical lymph node. A biopsy of the lymph node shows tumor cells that stain positive for cytokeratin. What is the most likely site of the primary neoplasm in this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Skin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 1728,
"question": "A 43-year-old man presents with weight loss and a firm, immobile enlarged left upper cervical lymph node. A biopsy of the lymph node shows tumor cells that stain positive for cytokeratin. What is the most likely site of the primary neoplasm in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn a 3-week-old infant presenting with meningitis and a CSF culture positive for gram-positive bacilli, which characteristic of the bacteria is most useful in differentiating it from other bacterial agents?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Motility at 25°C",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 13955,
"question": "In a 3-week-old infant presenting with meningitis and a CSF culture positive for gram-positive bacilli, which characteristic of the bacteria is most useful in differentiating it from other bacterial agents?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 19-year-old woman presents to her university health clinic for a regularly scheduled visit. She has a past medical history of depression, acne, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and dysmenorrhea. She is currently on paroxetine, dextroamphetamine, and naproxen during her menses. She is using nicotine replacement products to quit smoking. She is concerned about her acne, recent weight gain, and having a depressed mood this past month. She also states that her menses are irregular and painful. She is not sexually active and tries to exercise once a month. Her temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 133/81 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a morbidly obese woman with acne on her face. Her pelvic exam is unremarkable. The patient is given a prescription for isotretinoin. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?\nA. Administer bupropion\nB. Check hCG\nC. Check prolactin\nD. Check TSH\nE. Recheck blood pressure in 1 week",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Check hCG",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Administer bupropion"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Check hCG"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Check prolactin"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Check TSH"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Recheck blood pressure in 1 week"
}
],
"index": 7493,
"question": "A 19-year-old woman presents to her university health clinic for a regularly scheduled visit. She has a past medical history of depression, acne, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and dysmenorrhea. She is currently on paroxetine, dextroamphetamine, and naproxen during her menses. She is using nicotine replacement products to quit smoking. She is concerned about her acne, recent weight gain, and having a depressed mood this past month. She also states that her menses are irregular and painful. She is not sexually active and tries to exercise once a month. Her temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 133/81 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a morbidly obese woman with acne on her face. Her pelvic exam is unremarkable. The patient is given a prescription for isotretinoin. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich fruit contains the highest number of calories among banana, mango, orange, and pear?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Banana",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18794,
"question": "Which fruit contains the highest number of calories among banana, mango, orange, and pear?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most likely diagnosis in a 42-year-old woman presenting with exertional dyspnea, fatigue, a history of chronic mild diarrhea previously diagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome, oral aphthous ulcers, a rash on the peripheral extremities, microcytic hypochromic anemia, and negative fecal occult blood test?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Non-tropical sprue",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5404,
"question": "What is the most likely diagnosis in a 42-year-old woman presenting with exertional dyspnea, fatigue, a history of chronic mild diarrhea previously diagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome, oral aphthous ulcers, a rash on the peripheral extremities, microcytic hypochromic anemia, and negative fecal occult blood test?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 67-year-old man presents for follow-up after splenomegaly was detected one month ago. He reports several months of night sweats and an unintentional weight loss of 5 kg. Physical examination reveals splenomegaly and mild hepatomegaly. Laboratory studies show hemoglobin of 9 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume of 95 μm³, leukocyte count of 12,000/mm³, and platelet count of 260,000/mm³. Peripheral blood smear demonstrates teardrop-shaped and nucleated red blood cells as well as immature myeloid cells. Bone marrow aspiration is difficult to perform but shows hyperplasia of all three hematopoietic lineages. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) test is negative, and clonal plasma cells are absent. JAK2 mutation testing is positive, and cytogenetic analysis is negative for the Philadelphia chromosome. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Primary myelofibrosis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6311,
"question": "A 67-year-old man presents for follow-up after splenomegaly was detected one month ago. He reports several months of night sweats and an unintentional weight loss of 5 kg. Physical examination reveals splenomegaly and mild hepatomegaly. Laboratory studies show hemoglobin of 9 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume of 95 μm³, leukocyte count of 12,000/mm³, and platelet count of 260,000/mm³. Peripheral blood smear demonstrates teardrop-shaped and nucleated red blood cells as well as immature myeloid cells. Bone marrow aspiration is difficult to perform but shows hyperplasia of all three hematopoietic lineages. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) test is negative, and clonal plasma cells are absent. JAK2 mutation testing is positive, and cytogenetic analysis is negative for the Philadelphia chromosome. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn which quadrant of the tympanic membrane is the \"cone of light\" typically seen?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Anteroinferior",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 16596,
"question": "In which quadrant of the tympanic membrane is the \"cone of light\" typically seen?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nDNA restriction fragments are separated by ?\nA. Paper chromatography\nB. Agarose gel electrophoresis\nC. Thin-layer chromatography\nD. Ultracentrifugation",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Agarose gel electrophoresis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Paper chromatography"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Agarose gel electrophoresis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Thin-layer chromatography"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Ultracentrifugation"
}
],
"index": 13450,
"question": "DNA restriction fragments are separated by ?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nMetaphyseal tumor among the following\nA. Osteoclastoma in adults\nB. Multiple myeloma\nC. Osteosarcoma\nD. Osteoid osteoma",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Osteosarcoma",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Osteoclastoma in adults"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Multiple myeloma"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Osteosarcoma"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Osteoid osteoma"
}
],
"index": 14900,
"question": "Metaphyseal tumor among the following",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nRisk factor for suicide -\nA. Female sex\nB. Unmarried\nC. Age 30 years\nD. Married",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Unmarried",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Female sex"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Unmarried"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Age 30 years"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Married"
}
],
"index": 18599,
"question": "Risk factor for suicide -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most appropriate next step in managing a patient with type 2 diabetes who has poor glycemic control and inconsistent adherence to metformin?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Schedule more frequent follow-up visits",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 4562,
"question": "What is the most appropriate next step in managing a patient with type 2 diabetes who has poor glycemic control and inconsistent adherence to metformin?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat condition's severity is assessed using the BISAP score?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Pancreatitis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 11000,
"question": "What condition's severity is assessed using the BISAP score?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich nerve's area of distribution is not optimally anesthetized by the interscalene approach to the brachial plexus block?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Ulnar nerve",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18070,
"question": "Which nerve's area of distribution is not optimally anesthetized by the interscalene approach to the brachial plexus block?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most appropriate test to determine the spatial distribution of CD117-positive cells in biopsy specimens from patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Immunohistochemistry",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 4131,
"question": "What is the most appropriate test to determine the spatial distribution of CD117-positive cells in biopsy specimens from patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 55-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with a 4-day history of fever, chills, nausea, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Imaging reveals a 6-cm fluid-filled cavity in the right hepatic lobe, and aspiration of the cavity produces yellowish-green fluid. Culture of the fluid grows gram-negative, lactose-fermenting rods. What is the most likely cause of the yellowish-green color of the aspirated fluid?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Myeloperoxidase",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 2321,
"question": "A 55-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with a 4-day history of fever, chills, nausea, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Imaging reveals a 6-cm fluid-filled cavity in the right hepatic lobe, and aspiration of the cavity produces yellowish-green fluid. Culture of the fluid grows gram-negative, lactose-fermenting rods. What is the most likely cause of the yellowish-green color of the aspirated fluid?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 57-year-old presents to your clinic complaining of baldness. He is overweight, has been diagnosed with BPH, and is currently taking atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. The patient has tried several over-the-counter products for hair-loss; however, none have been effective. After discussing several options, the patient is prescribed a medication to treat his baldness that has the additional benefit of treating symptoms of BPH as well. Synthesis of which of the following compounds would be expected to decrease in response to this therapy?\nA. GnRH\nB. DHT\nC. LH\nD. Testosterone\nE. FSH",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. DHT",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "GnRH"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "DHT"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "LH"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Testosterone"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "FSH"
}
],
"index": 788,
"question": "A 57-year-old presents to your clinic complaining of baldness. He is overweight, has been diagnosed with BPH, and is currently taking atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. The patient has tried several over-the-counter products for hair-loss; however, none have been effective. After discussing several options, the patient is prescribed a medication to treat his baldness that has the additional benefit of treating symptoms of BPH as well. Synthesis of which of the following compounds would be expected to decrease in response to this therapy?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA healthy baby will start turning head to sound by ....... of age:\nA. 3 - 4 months\nB. 7 - 8 months\nC. 9 months\nD. 12 months",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. 3 - 4 months",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "3 - 4 months"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "7 - 8 months"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "9 months"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "12 months"
}
],
"index": 15576,
"question": "A healthy baby will start turning head to sound by ....... of age:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich region of the hypothalamus, when lesioned, leads to a significant decrease in food intake and body mass index in rats?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Lateral hypothalamus",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 3307,
"question": "Which region of the hypothalamus, when lesioned, leads to a significant decrease in food intake and body mass index in rats?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe most common cause of seizures in a patient of AIDS is\nA. Toxoplasmosis\nB. Cryptococcal meningitis\nC. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy\nD. CNS lymphoma",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Toxoplasmosis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Toxoplasmosis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Cryptococcal meningitis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "CNS lymphoma"
}
],
"index": 10647,
"question": "The most common cause of seizures in a patient of AIDS is",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 3-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of progressive difficulty breathing and a dry cough. Five weeks ago, she was diagnosed with diffuse hemangiomas involving the intrathoracic cavity and started treatment with prednisolone. She appears uncomfortable and in moderate respiratory distress. Her temperature is 38°C (100.4°F), pulse is 150/min, respirations are 50/min, and blood pressure is 88/50 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 87%. Oral examination shows a white plaque covering the tongue that bleeds when scraped. Chest examination shows subcostal and intercostal retractions. Scattered fine crackles and rhonchi are heard throughout both lung fields. Laboratory studies show a leukocyte count of 21,000/mm3 and an increased serum beta-D-glucan concentration. An x-ray of the chest shows symmetrical, diffuse interstitial infiltrates. Which of the following is most likely to confirm the diagnosis?\nA. Bronchoalveolar lavage\nB. Urine antigen test\nC. DNA test for CFTR mutation\nD. CT scan of the chest\nE. Tuberculin skin test",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Bronchoalveolar lavage",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Bronchoalveolar lavage"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Urine antigen test"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "DNA test for CFTR mutation"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "CT scan of the chest"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Tuberculin skin test"
}
],
"index": 9086,
"question": "A 3-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of progressive difficulty breathing and a dry cough. Five weeks ago, she was diagnosed with diffuse hemangiomas involving the intrathoracic cavity and started treatment with prednisolone. She appears uncomfortable and in moderate respiratory distress. Her temperature is 38°C (100.4°F), pulse is 150/min, respirations are 50/min, and blood pressure is 88/50 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 87%. Oral examination shows a white plaque covering the tongue that bleeds when scraped. Chest examination shows subcostal and intercostal retractions. Scattered fine crackles and rhonchi are heard throughout both lung fields. Laboratory studies show a leukocyte count of 21,000/mm3 and an increased serum beta-D-glucan concentration. An x-ray of the chest shows symmetrical, diffuse interstitial infiltrates. Which of the following is most likely to confirm the diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nCrab is the intermediate host for?\nA. Clonorchis sinensis\nB. Paragonimus westermani\nC. Fasciola hepatia\nD. Schistosoma hematobium",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Paragonimus westermani",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Clonorchis sinensis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Paragonimus westermani"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Fasciola hepatia"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Schistosoma hematobium"
}
],
"index": 14129,
"question": "Crab is the intermediate host for?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 55-year-old male was picked up by police in the public library for harassing the patrons and for public nudity. He displayed disorganized speech and believed that the books were the only way to his salvation. Identification was found on the man and his sister was called to provide more information. She described that he recently lost his house and got divorced within the same week although he seemed fine three days ago. The man was sedated with diazepam and chlorpromazine because he was very agitated. His labs returned normal and within three days, he appeared normal, had no recollection of the past several days, and discussed in detail how stressful the past two weeks of his life were. He was discharged the next day. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis for this male?\nA. Brief psychotic disorder\nB. Schizophreniform disoder\nC. Schizophrenia\nD. Schizoid personality disoder\nE. Schizotypal personality disoder",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Brief psychotic disorder",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Brief psychotic disorder"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Schizophreniform disoder"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Schizophrenia"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Schizoid personality disoder"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Schizotypal personality disoder"
}
],
"index": 1626,
"question": "A 55-year-old male was picked up by police in the public library for harassing the patrons and for public nudity. He displayed disorganized speech and believed that the books were the only way to his salvation. Identification was found on the man and his sister was called to provide more information. She described that he recently lost his house and got divorced within the same week although he seemed fine three days ago. The man was sedated with diazepam and chlorpromazine because he was very agitated. His labs returned normal and within three days, he appeared normal, had no recollection of the past several days, and discussed in detail how stressful the past two weeks of his life were. He was discharged the next day. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis for this male?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nOn X-ray chest PA view, the anterior surface of the hea is formed by:\nA. Right ventricle\nB. Left ventricle\nC. Right atrium\nD. Left atrium",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Right ventricle",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Right ventricle"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Left ventricle"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Right atrium"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Left atrium"
}
],
"index": 17608,
"question": "On X-ray chest PA view, the anterior surface of the hea is formed by:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat advice should be given to a patient starting a medication that decreases hepatic triglyceride production by inhibiting diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 to reduce side effects?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Take aspirin shortly before taking the new drug to reduce pruritus",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 806,
"question": "What advice should be given to a patient starting a medication that decreases hepatic triglyceride production by inhibiting diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 to reduce side effects?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 21-year-old woman presents with a 4-day history of abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea occurring five times per day after eating an egg sandwich from a restaurant. Her vital signs are normal, and physical examination reveals diffuse abdominal tenderness. Stool culture grows gram-negative rods that produce hydrogen sulfide and do not ferment lactose. If she is treated with antibiotics, what is the most likely effect on the course of her infection?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Prolonged fecal excretion of the pathogen",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 543,
"question": "A 21-year-old woman presents with a 4-day history of abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea occurring five times per day after eating an egg sandwich from a restaurant. Her vital signs are normal, and physical examination reveals diffuse abdominal tenderness. Stool culture grows gram-negative rods that produce hydrogen sulfide and do not ferment lactose. If she is treated with antibiotics, what is the most likely effect on the course of her infection?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAn 89-year-old woman is admitted to the neurology intensive care unit following a massive cerebral infarction. She has a history of hypertension, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer. Her medications include lisinopril and aspirin. She has smoked a few cigarettes each day for the last 60 years. She does not drink alcohol or use drugs. An arterial line and intraventricular pressure monitor are placed. You decide to acutely lower intracranial pressure by causing cerebral vasoconstriction. Which of the following methods could be used for this effect?\nA. Mannitol infusion\nB. Glucocorticoids\nC. Mechanical hyperventilation\nD. Mechanical hypoventilation\nE. Elevating head position",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Mechanical hyperventilation",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Mannitol infusion"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Glucocorticoids"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Mechanical hyperventilation"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Mechanical hypoventilation"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Elevating head position"
}
],
"index": 2025,
"question": "An 89-year-old woman is admitted to the neurology intensive care unit following a massive cerebral infarction. She has a history of hypertension, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer. Her medications include lisinopril and aspirin. She has smoked a few cigarettes each day for the last 60 years. She does not drink alcohol or use drugs. An arterial line and intraventricular pressure monitor are placed. You decide to acutely lower intracranial pressure by causing cerebral vasoconstriction. Which of the following methods could be used for this effect?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich ECG change in an asymptomatic athlete's heart should be considered pathological?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Prolonged QTc Interval",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10232,
"question": "Which ECG change in an asymptomatic athlete's heart should be considered pathological?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich organ is least involved in blast injuries?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Liver",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10863,
"question": "Which organ is least involved in blast injuries?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat are the characteristic findings on a peripheral blood smear in a 7-month-old boy with pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, frontal skull bossing, and hemoglobin electrophoresis showing markedly increased HbF and HbA2 levels?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Microcytosis and hypochromasia of erythrocytes",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6329,
"question": "What are the characteristic findings on a peripheral blood smear in a 7-month-old boy with pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, frontal skull bossing, and hemoglobin electrophoresis showing markedly increased HbF and HbA2 levels?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat protein makes up the plaques found in Alzheimer's disease?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Beta amyloid",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 20425,
"question": "What protein makes up the plaques found in Alzheimer's disease?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nFrom which embryonic structure is the appendix of the testis derived?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Paramesonephric duct",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12474,
"question": "From which embryonic structure is the appendix of the testis derived?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAn 8–month–old female child presented to emergency with a heart rate of 220/minute and features of congestive heart failure. Her heart rate comes down to normal after administering intravenous adenosine. What is the most likely diagnosis ?\nA. Atrial fibrillation\nB. Atrial flutter\nC. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia\nD. Ventricular tachycardia",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Atrial fibrillation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Atrial flutter"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Ventricular tachycardia"
}
],
"index": 15585,
"question": "An 8–month–old female child presented to emergency with a heart rate of 220/minute and features of congestive heart failure. Her heart rate comes down to normal after administering intravenous adenosine. What is the most likely diagnosis ?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 55-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with worsening tingling in her feet, decreased vibration and proprioception, orthostatic hypotension, and proteinuria. Given her symptoms and clinical findings, what additional autonomic complication is she most likely experiencing?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Incomplete bladder emptying",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 2535,
"question": "A 55-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with worsening tingling in her feet, decreased vibration and proprioception, orthostatic hypotension, and proteinuria. Given her symptoms and clinical findings, what additional autonomic complication is she most likely experiencing?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 73-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening bilateral lower extremity pain for the past 8 months. The pain begins after walking one to two blocks and radiates bilaterally down the buttocks with cramping and tingling. He reports that the pain is worse while walking downhill and is relieved by sitting and leaning forward. He has hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He had a myocardial infarction at the age of 55 years and an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair at the age of 60 years. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years. He does not drink alcohol or use illicit drugs. His current medications include sitagliptin, metformin, atorvastatin, metoprolol succinate, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide. His temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F), pulse is 82/min, respirations are 17/min, and blood pressure is 150/87 mm Hg. Examination shows full muscle strength. Sensation is reduced bilaterally in the feet and toes. Straight leg raise is negative. X-ray of the spine shows degenerative changes. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in diagnosis?\nA. Measurement of HLA-B27 antigen\nB. Measurement of the ankle brachial index\nC. MRI scan of the spine\nD. Polysomnography\nE. Measurement of serum creatine kinase",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. MRI scan of the spine",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Measurement of HLA-B27 antigen"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Measurement of the ankle brachial index"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "MRI scan of the spine"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Polysomnography"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Measurement of serum creatine kinase"
}
],
"index": 7423,
"question": "A 73-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening bilateral lower extremity pain for the past 8 months. The pain begins after walking one to two blocks and radiates bilaterally down the buttocks with cramping and tingling. He reports that the pain is worse while walking downhill and is relieved by sitting and leaning forward. He has hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He had a myocardial infarction at the age of 55 years and an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair at the age of 60 years. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years. He does not drink alcohol or use illicit drugs. His current medications include sitagliptin, metformin, atorvastatin, metoprolol succinate, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide. His temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F), pulse is 82/min, respirations are 17/min, and blood pressure is 150/87 mm Hg. Examination shows full muscle strength. Sensation is reduced bilaterally in the feet and toes. Straight leg raise is negative. X-ray of the spine shows degenerative changes. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhere do mixed tumors of the salivary glands most commonly occur?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "They occur most commonly on the lips, t09gue, and palate",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 20653,
"question": "Where do mixed tumors of the salivary glands most commonly occur?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 21-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of dry cough and some chest tightness for the past several weeks. The cough is worse at night and while playing volleyball. She frequently has a runny nose and nasal congestion. Her mother has systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the last 5 years. She does not drink alcohol. Her only medication is cetirizine. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 98%. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?\nA. Spirometry\nB. Blood gas analysis\nC. Methacholine challenge test\nD. CT scan of the chest\nE. Laboratory studies",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Spirometry",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Spirometry"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Blood gas analysis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Methacholine challenge test"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "CT scan of the chest"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Laboratory studies"
}
],
"index": 8512,
"question": "A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of dry cough and some chest tightness for the past several weeks. The cough is worse at night and while playing volleyball. She frequently has a runny nose and nasal congestion. Her mother has systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the last 5 years. She does not drink alcohol. Her only medication is cetirizine. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 98%. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nCommonest ligament injured in ankle injury:\nA. Anterior talofibular ligament\nB. Calcaneofibular ligament\nC. Posterior talofibular ligament\nD. Spring ligament",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Anterior talofibular ligament",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Anterior talofibular ligament"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Calcaneofibular ligament"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Posterior talofibular ligament"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Spring ligament"
}
],
"index": 15047,
"question": "Commonest ligament injured in ankle injury:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat agent could have been used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in a patient who developed frequent urination, suprapubic pain, dysuria, and hematuria four weeks after systemic chemotherapy for lymph-node-positive breast cancer?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Mesna",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 11279,
"question": "What agent could have been used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in a patient who developed frequent urination, suprapubic pain, dysuria, and hematuria four weeks after systemic chemotherapy for lymph-node-positive breast cancer?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich germinal layer gives rise to the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Endoderm",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 3541,
"question": "Which germinal layer gives rise to the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA patient presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. Laboratory investigations reveal decreased blood glucose and increased insulin levels. A C-peptide assay shows normal levels of C-peptide. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Accidental exogenous insulin administration",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10315,
"question": "A patient presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. Laboratory investigations reveal decreased blood glucose and increased insulin levels. A C-peptide assay shows normal levels of C-peptide. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA child presents with massive hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia that does not improve after administration of glucagon. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Von-Gierke disease",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 15493,
"question": "A child presents with massive hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia that does not improve after administration of glucagon. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 35-year-old man presents with worsening pain in his lower back, knees, and shoulders over several years. He has difficulty bending forward to touch his toes and has dark brown discoloration around his armpits. Physical examination reveals bluish-brown sclerae and thickened external ears. Imaging shows calcification of multiple lumbar intervertebral discs. Impaired metabolism of which amino acid is most likely responsible for his condition?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Tyrosine",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 2435,
"question": "A 35-year-old man presents with worsening pain in his lower back, knees, and shoulders over several years. He has difficulty bending forward to touch his toes and has dark brown discoloration around his armpits. Physical examination reveals bluish-brown sclerae and thickened external ears. Imaging shows calcification of multiple lumbar intervertebral discs. Impaired metabolism of which amino acid is most likely responsible for his condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 35-year-old woman presents as a new patient to a primary care physician. She hasn't seen a doctor in many years and came in for a routine check-up. She has no specific complaints, although she has occasional shortness of breath with mild activity. On physical exam, her vital signs are as follows: HR 80, BP 110/70, RR 14. On auscultation, her lungs are clear with equal breath sounds bilaterally. When listening over the precordium, the physician hears a mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur that is loudest over the apex. Valsalva increases the murmur. Which of the following is NOT a possible complication of this patient's underlying problem?\nA. Atrial fibrilation\nB. Infective endocarditis\nC. Bleeding from acquired von Willebrand disease\nD. Cerebral embolism\nE. Sudden death",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Bleeding from acquired von Willebrand disease",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Atrial fibrilation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Infective endocarditis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Bleeding from acquired von Willebrand disease"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Cerebral embolism"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Sudden death"
}
],
"index": 1784,
"question": "A 35-year-old woman presents as a new patient to a primary care physician. She hasn't seen a doctor in many years and came in for a routine check-up. She has no specific complaints, although she has occasional shortness of breath with mild activity. On physical exam, her vital signs are as follows: HR 80, BP 110/70, RR 14. On auscultation, her lungs are clear with equal breath sounds bilaterally. When listening over the precordium, the physician hears a mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur that is loudest over the apex. Valsalva increases the murmur. Which of the following is NOT a possible complication of this patient's underlying problem?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 69-year-old man presents with severe abdominal pain radiating to his left flank, hypotension, tachycardia, and a painful pulsatile abdominal mass. After initial fluid resuscitation, what is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Open emergency surgery",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 8448,
"question": "A 69-year-old man presents with severe abdominal pain radiating to his left flank, hypotension, tachycardia, and a painful pulsatile abdominal mass. After initial fluid resuscitation, what is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the wavelength of an ND: YAG laser in nanometers?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "1040 nm",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 17149,
"question": "What is the wavelength of an ND: YAG laser in nanometers?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAlcoholic hyaline, in alcoholic liver disease is composed of-\nA. Lipofuscin\nB. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions\nC. Basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions\nD. Hemozoin",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Lipofuscin"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Hemozoin"
}
],
"index": 11787,
"question": "Alcoholic hyaline, in alcoholic liver disease is composed of-",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 21-year-old man is brought to the office by his parents due to concerns about his behavior. They describe their son as aloof and a loner who earns average to below average grades in school. Today, his heart rate is 90/min, respiratory rate is 17/min, blood pressure is 110/65 mm Hg, and temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F). On physical examination, he appears gaunt and anxious. His heart has a regular rhythm, and his lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. CMP, CBC, and TSH are normal. A urine toxicology test is negative. During the examination, he avoids eye contact and appears detached. When asked about his social life, he claims that he does not care about making friends and prefers to be alone. He says he enjoys going to the movies, but he enjoys doing this alone. He has not had a romantic partner before and takes little pleasure in intimacy. He denies experiencing hallucinations or delusions. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?\nA. Avoidant personality disorder\nB. Schizoid personality disorder\nC. Schizotypal personality disorder\nD. Major depressive disorder\nE. Autism spectrum disorder",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Schizoid personality disorder",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Avoidant personality disorder"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Schizoid personality disorder"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Schizotypal personality disorder"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Major depressive disorder"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Autism spectrum disorder"
}
],
"index": 2900,
"question": "A 21-year-old man is brought to the office by his parents due to concerns about his behavior. They describe their son as aloof and a loner who earns average to below average grades in school. Today, his heart rate is 90/min, respiratory rate is 17/min, blood pressure is 110/65 mm Hg, and temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F). On physical examination, he appears gaunt and anxious. His heart has a regular rhythm, and his lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. CMP, CBC, and TSH are normal. A urine toxicology test is negative. During the examination, he avoids eye contact and appears detached. When asked about his social life, he claims that he does not care about making friends and prefers to be alone. He says he enjoys going to the movies, but he enjoys doing this alone. He has not had a romantic partner before and takes little pleasure in intimacy. He denies experiencing hallucinations or delusions. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 41-year-old woman arrives to her primary care physician with abnormal labs. She states that 1 week ago she had laboratory work done as part of her company’s health initiative. During the past month, she has been walking 3 miles a day and has increased the amount of fruits and vegetables in her diet. Her medical history is significant for obesity, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. She takes hydrochlorothiazide and wears a continuous positive airway pressure machine at night. Her recent labs are shown below:\n\nSerum:\nNa+: 140 mEq/L\nK+: 4.1 mEq/L\nCl-: 101 mEq/L\nBUN: 16 mg/dL\nGlucose: 95 mg/dL\nCreatinine: 0.9 mg/dL\n\nTotal cholesterol: 255 mg/dL (normal < 200 mg/dL)\nLow-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: 115 mg/dL (normal < 100 mg/dL)\nHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol: 40 (normal > 50 mg/dL)\nTriglycerides: 163 mg/dL (normal < 150 mg/dL)\n\nThe patient is started on atorvastatin. Which of the following is the most common adverse effect of the patient’s new medication?\nA. Cholesterol gallstones\nB. Elevated liver enzymes\nC. Flushing\nD. Lactic acidosis\nE. Rhabdomyolysis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Elevated liver enzymes",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Cholesterol gallstones"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Elevated liver enzymes"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Flushing"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Lactic acidosis"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Rhabdomyolysis"
}
],
"index": 7299,
"question": "A 41-year-old woman arrives to her primary care physician with abnormal labs. She states that 1 week ago she had laboratory work done as part of her company’s health initiative. During the past month, she has been walking 3 miles a day and has increased the amount of fruits and vegetables in her diet. Her medical history is significant for obesity, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. She takes hydrochlorothiazide and wears a continuous positive airway pressure machine at night. Her recent labs are shown below:\n\nSerum:\nNa+: 140 mEq/L\nK+: 4.1 mEq/L\nCl-: 101 mEq/L\nBUN: 16 mg/dL\nGlucose: 95 mg/dL\nCreatinine: 0.9 mg/dL\n\nTotal cholesterol: 255 mg/dL (normal < 200 mg/dL)\nLow-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: 115 mg/dL (normal < 100 mg/dL)\nHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol: 40 (normal > 50 mg/dL)\nTriglycerides: 163 mg/dL (normal < 150 mg/dL)\n\nThe patient is started on atorvastatin. Which of the following is the most common adverse effect of the patient’s new medication?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath. He was eating dinner with his family during the holidays and felt very short of breath, thus prompting him to come in. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, 2 myocardial infarctions, and obesity. Physical exam is notable for bilateral pulmonary crackles and a jugular venous distension. Chest radiography reveals an enlarged cardiac silhouette and blunting of the costophrenic angles. The patient is started on a medication for his acute symptoms. Two hours later, he states his symptoms have vastly improved and repeat chest radiography is notable for an enlarged cardiac silhouette. Which of the following is a property of the medication most likely given?\nA. Can lead to respiratory depression\nB. Causes venodilation and a decrease in preload\nC. Increases cardiac contractility and afterload\nD. Increases cardiac contractility and decreases afterload\nE. Chronic use leads to long-term nephrogenic adaptations",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Chronic use leads to long-term nephrogenic adaptations",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Can lead to respiratory depression"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Causes venodilation and a decrease in preload"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Increases cardiac contractility and afterload"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Increases cardiac contractility and decreases afterload"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Chronic use leads to long-term nephrogenic adaptations"
}
],
"index": 7322,
"question": "A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath. He was eating dinner with his family during the holidays and felt very short of breath, thus prompting him to come in. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, 2 myocardial infarctions, and obesity. Physical exam is notable for bilateral pulmonary crackles and a jugular venous distension. Chest radiography reveals an enlarged cardiac silhouette and blunting of the costophrenic angles. The patient is started on a medication for his acute symptoms. Two hours later, he states his symptoms have vastly improved and repeat chest radiography is notable for an enlarged cardiac silhouette. Which of the following is a property of the medication most likely given?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most probable diagnosis in a 3-year-old female child who develops umbilicated nodules over the face following a trivial viral infection?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Molluscum contagiosum",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 19742,
"question": "What is the most probable diagnosis in a 3-year-old female child who develops umbilicated nodules over the face following a trivial viral infection?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the function of a coenzyme in enzymatic reactions?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Activate the substrate",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 13512,
"question": "What is the function of a coenzyme in enzymatic reactions?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nAn infant presents with vomiting, poor feeding, and a musty odor in the urine. A Guthrie test is performed and found to be positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Phenylketonuria",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 13441,
"question": "An infant presents with vomiting, poor feeding, and a musty odor in the urine. A Guthrie test is performed and found to be positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nDENOSUMAB a monoclonal antibody against RANKL receptor is used in the treatment of ?\nA. Rheumtoid ahritis\nB. Osteoporosis\nC. Osteoahritis\nD. SLE",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Osteoporosis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Rheumtoid ahritis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Osteoporosis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Osteoahritis"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "SLE"
}
],
"index": 11324,
"question": "DENOSUMAB a monoclonal antibody against RANKL receptor is used in the treatment of ?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat finding is most likely to be observed on further evaluation of a 4-year-old boy with frequent falls, worsening muscle pain, poor night vision, low serum cholesterol, acanthocytosis, and a history of persistent diarrhea managed with a low-fat diet since infancy?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Post-prandial lipid-laden enterocytes",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5041,
"question": "What finding is most likely to be observed on further evaluation of a 4-year-old boy with frequent falls, worsening muscle pain, poor night vision, low serum cholesterol, acanthocytosis, and a history of persistent diarrhea managed with a low-fat diet since infancy?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following will have the highest magnitude of the increased Alveolar aeriolar gradient at rest?\nA. Interstitial lung disease\nB. Massive Pulmonary embolism\nC. Acute severe asthma\nD. FB leading to upper airway obstruction",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Massive Pulmonary embolism",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Interstitial lung disease"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Massive Pulmonary embolism"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Acute severe asthma"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "FB leading to upper airway obstruction"
}
],
"index": 10201,
"question": "Which of the following will have the highest magnitude of the increased Alveolar aeriolar gradient at rest?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most common congenital heart disease diagnosed during pregnancy?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "ASD",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 14471,
"question": "What is the most common congenital heart disease diagnosed during pregnancy?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nHow many days after birth does the umbilical cord of a baby typically show mummification changes?\n\nAnswer: 3 days",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "3 days",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 16148,
"question": "How many days after birth does the umbilical cord of a baby typically show mummification changes?\n\nAnswer: 3 days",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nPott's spine is commonest in the spine -\nA. Cevical\nB. Thoracic\nC. Lumbar\nD. Sacral",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Thoracic",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Cevical"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Thoracic"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Lumbar"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Sacral"
}
],
"index": 14698,
"question": "Pott's spine is commonest in the spine -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich enzyme in the Krebs cycle is competitively inhibited by malonate?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Succinate dehydrogenase",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 13326,
"question": "Which enzyme in the Krebs cycle is competitively inhibited by malonate?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 74-year-old man presents to the emergency department by paramedics for slurred speech and weakness in the left arm and leg for 1 hour. The patient was playing with his grandson when the symptoms started and his wife immediately called an ambulance. There is no history of head trauma or recent surgery. The patient takes captopril for hypertension. The vital signs include: pulse 110/min, respiratory rate 22/min, and blood pressure 200/105 mm Hg. The physical examination shows that the patient is alert and conscious, but speech is impaired. Muscle strength is 0/5 in the left arm and leg and 5/5 in the right arm and leg. A non-contrast CT of the head shows no evidence of intracranial bleeding. The lab results are as follows:\nSerum glucose 90 mg/dL\nSodium 140 mEq/L\nPotassium 4.1 mEq/L\nChloride 100 mEq/L\nSerum creatinine 1.3 mg/dL\nBlood urea nitrogen 20 mg/dL\nCholesterol, total 240 mg/dL\nHDL-cholesterol 38 mg/dL\nLDL-cholesterol 100 mg/dL\nTriglycerides 190 mg/dL\nHemoglobin (Hb%) 15.3 g/dL\nMean corpuscular volume (MCV) 83 fL\nReticulocyte count 0.8%\nErythrocyte count 5.3 million/mm3\nPlatelet count 130,000/mm3\nPartial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 30 sec\nProthrombin time (PT) 12 sec\nAlthough he is within the time frame for the standard therapy of the most likely condition, the treatment cannot be started because of which of the following contraindications?\nA. Creatinine level of 1.3 mg/dL\nB. A platelet count of 130,000/mm3\nC. Cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL\nD. Systolic blood pressure of 200 mm Hg\nE. Age of 74 years",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Systolic blood pressure of 200 mm Hg",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Creatinine level of 1.3 mg/dL"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "A platelet count of 130,000/mm3"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Systolic blood pressure of 200 mm Hg"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Age of 74 years"
}
],
"index": 1723,
"question": "A 74-year-old man presents to the emergency department by paramedics for slurred speech and weakness in the left arm and leg for 1 hour. The patient was playing with his grandson when the symptoms started and his wife immediately called an ambulance. There is no history of head trauma or recent surgery. The patient takes captopril for hypertension. The vital signs include: pulse 110/min, respiratory rate 22/min, and blood pressure 200/105 mm Hg. The physical examination shows that the patient is alert and conscious, but speech is impaired. Muscle strength is 0/5 in the left arm and leg and 5/5 in the right arm and leg. A non-contrast CT of the head shows no evidence of intracranial bleeding. The lab results are as follows:\nSerum glucose 90 mg/dL\nSodium 140 mEq/L\nPotassium 4.1 mEq/L\nChloride 100 mEq/L\nSerum creatinine 1.3 mg/dL\nBlood urea nitrogen 20 mg/dL\nCholesterol, total 240 mg/dL\nHDL-cholesterol 38 mg/dL\nLDL-cholesterol 100 mg/dL\nTriglycerides 190 mg/dL\nHemoglobin (Hb%) 15.3 g/dL\nMean corpuscular volume (MCV) 83 fL\nReticulocyte count 0.8%\nErythrocyte count 5.3 million/mm3\nPlatelet count 130,000/mm3\nPartial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 30 sec\nProthrombin time (PT) 12 sec\nAlthough he is within the time frame for the standard therapy of the most likely condition, the treatment cannot be started because of which of the following contraindications?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhere is the mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid found in the eye?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Vitreous Humor",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 16913,
"question": "Where is the mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid found in the eye?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nIn which of the following condition, proximal interphalangeal joint is involved and distal interphalangeal joint is spared?\nA. Osteoarthritis\nB. Psoriatic arthritis\nC. Rheumatoid arthritis\nD. Ankylosing spondylitis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Rheumatoid arthritis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Osteoarthritis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Psoriatic arthritis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Rheumatoid arthritis"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Ankylosing spondylitis"
}
],
"index": 14994,
"question": "In which of the following condition, proximal interphalangeal joint is involved and distal interphalangeal joint is spared?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe study is performed to examine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Group of 250 subjects diagnosed with DM2 and a matched group of 250 subjects without DM2 are enrolled. Each subject is monitored regularly over their lifetime for the development of symptoms of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. If symptoms are present, an autopsy is performed after the patient's death to confirm the diagnosis of AD. Which of the following is most correct regarding this study?\nA. It is a retrospective observational study.\nB. It can provide proof of causation between DM2 and AD.\nC. Relative risk cannot be determined from this study.\nD. It is a prospective observational study.\nE. It is a case-control study.",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. It is a prospective observational study.",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "It is a retrospective observational study."
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "It can provide proof of causation between DM2 and AD."
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Relative risk cannot be determined from this study."
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "It is a prospective observational study."
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "It is a case-control study."
}
],
"index": 7314,
"question": "The study is performed to examine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Group of 250 subjects diagnosed with DM2 and a matched group of 250 subjects without DM2 are enrolled. Each subject is monitored regularly over their lifetime for the development of symptoms of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. If symptoms are present, an autopsy is performed after the patient's death to confirm the diagnosis of AD. Which of the following is most correct regarding this study?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat type of disease prevention is exemplified by performing a fecal occult blood test to screen for colorectal cancer in an asymptomatic patient?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Secondary prevention",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5621,
"question": "What type of disease prevention is exemplified by performing a fecal occult blood test to screen for colorectal cancer in an asymptomatic patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 27-year-old man comes to the physician with throbbing right scrotal pain for 1 day. He has also had a burning sensation on urination during the last 4 days. He is sexually active with multiple female partners and does not use condoms. Physical examination shows a tender, palpable swelling on the upper pole of the right testicle; lifting the testicle relieves the pain. A Gram stain of urethral secretions shows numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes but no organisms. Which of the following is the most likely causal pathogen of this patient's symptoms?\nA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa\nB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis\nC. Mumps virus\nD. Chlamydia trachomatis\nE. Staphylococcus aureus",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Chlamydia trachomatis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Mumps virus"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Chlamydia trachomatis"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Staphylococcus aureus"
}
],
"index": 1837,
"question": "A 27-year-old man comes to the physician with throbbing right scrotal pain for 1 day. He has also had a burning sensation on urination during the last 4 days. He is sexually active with multiple female partners and does not use condoms. Physical examination shows a tender, palpable swelling on the upper pole of the right testicle; lifting the testicle relieves the pain. A Gram stain of urethral secretions shows numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes but no organisms. Which of the following is the most likely causal pathogen of this patient's symptoms?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the main determinant of carbon dioxide elimination in a Mapelson circuit?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Fresh gas flow",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18041,
"question": "What is the main determinant of carbon dioxide elimination in a Mapelson circuit?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of fever and scrotal pain for 2 days. Medical history includes diabetes mellitus and morbid obesity. His temperature is 40.0°C (104.0°F), the pulse is 130/min, the respirations are 35/min, and the blood pressure is 90/68 mm Hg. Physical examination shows a large area of ecchymosis, edema, and crepitus in his perineal area. Fournier gangrene is suspected. A right internal jugular central venous catheter is placed without complication under ultrasound guidance for vascular access in preparation for the administration of vasopressors. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?\nA. Begin infusion of norepinephrine to maintain systolic blood pressure over 90 mm Hg\nB. Begin infusion of normal saline through a central line\nC. Begin to use the line after documenting the return of dark, non-pulsatile blood from all ports\nD. Confirm line placement by ultrasound\nE. Obtain an immediate portable chest radiograph to evaluate line placement",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Obtain an immediate portable chest radiograph to evaluate line placement",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Begin infusion of norepinephrine to maintain systolic blood pressure over 90 mm Hg"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Begin infusion of normal saline through a central line"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Begin to use the line after documenting the return of dark, non-pulsatile blood from all ports"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Confirm line placement by ultrasound"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Obtain an immediate portable chest radiograph to evaluate line placement"
}
],
"index": 7879,
"question": "A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of fever and scrotal pain for 2 days. Medical history includes diabetes mellitus and morbid obesity. His temperature is 40.0°C (104.0°F), the pulse is 130/min, the respirations are 35/min, and the blood pressure is 90/68 mm Hg. Physical examination shows a large area of ecchymosis, edema, and crepitus in his perineal area. Fournier gangrene is suspected. A right internal jugular central venous catheter is placed without complication under ultrasound guidance for vascular access in preparation for the administration of vasopressors. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nHigh tracheostomy is indicated in -\nA. Carcinoma\nB. TB\nC. Tetanus\nD. Diphtheria",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Carcinoma",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Carcinoma"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "TB"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Tetanus"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Diphtheria"
}
],
"index": 16418,
"question": "High tracheostomy is indicated in -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
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