data_source
stringclasses 2
values | prompt
listlengths 1
1
| ability
stringclasses 1
value | reward_model
dict | extra_info
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 7-year-old girl presents with breast development extending beyond the areola, coarse pubic and axillary hair, and advanced bone age. Serum luteinizing hormone levels do not increase following GnRH agonist stimulation. What is the most likely cause of these findings?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Granulosa cell tumor",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 8724,
"question": "A 7-year-old girl presents with breast development extending beyond the areola, coarse pubic and axillary hair, and advanced bone age. Serum luteinizing hormone levels do not increase following GnRH agonist stimulation. What is the most likely cause of these findings?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nPhase 4 clinical trial is carried out:\nA. Before the marketing approval of a drug\nB. After a drug is marketed\nC. For drugs used in rare diseases\nD. For drugs used in pediatric patients",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. After a drug is marketed",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Before the marketing approval of a drug"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "After a drug is marketed"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "For drugs used in rare diseases"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "For drugs used in pediatric patients"
}
],
"index": 11614,
"question": "Phase 4 clinical trial is carried out:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nRetinoblastoma spreads to CNS through:\nA. Direct\nB. Lymphatic\nC. Arterial\nD. Vitreous",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Direct",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Direct"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Lymphatic"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Arterial"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Vitreous"
}
],
"index": 15447,
"question": "Retinoblastoma spreads to CNS through:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nNerve affected in trendenlenberg test is -\nA. Superior gluteal nerve\nB. Inferior gluteal nerve\nC. Obturator nerve\nD. Pudendal nerve",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Superior gluteal nerve",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Superior gluteal nerve"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Inferior gluteal nerve"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Obturator nerve"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Pudendal nerve"
}
],
"index": 14966,
"question": "Nerve affected in trendenlenberg test is -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is an example of a syndesmosis joint?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Tibiofibular joint",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 11003,
"question": "What is an example of a syndesmosis joint?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department with fatigue. He states that his symptoms started yesterday and have been worsening steadily. The patient endorses a recent weight loss of 7 pounds this past week and states that he feels diffusely itchy. The patient has a past medical history of alcohol abuse, obesity, asthma, and IV drug use. His current medications include metformin, atorvastatin, albuterol, and fluticasone. In addition, the patient admits to smoking and drinking more than usual lately due to the stress he has experienced. His temperature is 98.7°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 130/75 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for an ill-appearing man. The patient's skin appears yellow. Abdominal exam is notable for right upper quadrant tenderness. Cardiac and pulmonary exams are within normal limits. Laboratory values are ordered as seen below:\n\nHemoglobin: 14 g/dL\nHematocrit: 42%\nLeukocyte count: 5,500 cells/mm^3 with normal differential\nPlatelet count: 70,000/mm^3\n\nPartial thromboplastin time: 92 seconds\nProthrombin time: 42 seconds\nAST: 1110 U/L\nALT: 990 U/L\n\nWhich of the following is most likely to be found in this patient's history?\nA. Appropriate acute management of a deep vein thrombosis\nB. Decreased UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity at birth\nC. Prosthetic valve with appropriate post-operative care\nD. Recent antibiotic treatment with gentamicin\nE. Severe migraine headaches treated with acetaminophen",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Severe migraine headaches treated with acetaminophen",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Appropriate acute management of a deep vein thrombosis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Decreased UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity at birth"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Prosthetic valve with appropriate post-operative care"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Recent antibiotic treatment with gentamicin"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Severe migraine headaches treated with acetaminophen"
}
],
"index": 7224,
"question": "A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department with fatigue. He states that his symptoms started yesterday and have been worsening steadily. The patient endorses a recent weight loss of 7 pounds this past week and states that he feels diffusely itchy. The patient has a past medical history of alcohol abuse, obesity, asthma, and IV drug use. His current medications include metformin, atorvastatin, albuterol, and fluticasone. In addition, the patient admits to smoking and drinking more than usual lately due to the stress he has experienced. His temperature is 98.7°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 130/75 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for an ill-appearing man. The patient's skin appears yellow. Abdominal exam is notable for right upper quadrant tenderness. Cardiac and pulmonary exams are within normal limits. Laboratory values are ordered as seen below:\n\nHemoglobin: 14 g/dL\nHematocrit: 42%\nLeukocyte count: 5,500 cells/mm^3 with normal differential\nPlatelet count: 70,000/mm^3\n\nPartial thromboplastin time: 92 seconds\nProthrombin time: 42 seconds\nAST: 1110 U/L\nALT: 990 U/L\n\nWhich of the following is most likely to be found in this patient's history?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 25 year old women presents with a history of recurrent shortness of breath and severe wheezing. Laboratory studies demonstrate that she a has a deficiency of C1 inhibitor, an esterase inhibitor that regulates the activation of the classical complement pathway. What is the diagnosis?\nA. Chronic granulomatous disease\nB. Hereditary angiodema\nC. Myeloperoxidase deficiency\nD. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Hereditary angiodema",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Chronic granulomatous disease"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Hereditary angiodema"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Myeloperoxidase deficiency"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome"
}
],
"index": 12004,
"question": "A 25 year old women presents with a history of recurrent shortness of breath and severe wheezing. Laboratory studies demonstrate that she a has a deficiency of C1 inhibitor, an esterase inhibitor that regulates the activation of the classical complement pathway. What is the diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat medication should be prescribed to this patient with stage 2 chronic kidney disease and mild proteinuria to decrease his cardiovascular risk?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Enalapril",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 7913,
"question": "What medication should be prescribed to this patient with stage 2 chronic kidney disease and mild proteinuria to decrease his cardiovascular risk?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nSurest indicator of reversal of anaesthesia is\nA. Head lift for 5 seconds\nB. Hand grip for 5 seconds\nC. TOF > 0.9\nD. Tongue depression",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Head lift for 5 seconds",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Head lift for 5 seconds"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Hand grip for 5 seconds"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "TOF > 0.9"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Tongue depression"
}
],
"index": 18095,
"question": "Surest indicator of reversal of anaesthesia is",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhat is the function of Micro RNA?\nA. Gene Regulation\nB. Splicing of pre mRNA\nC. Initiation of Translation\nD. Carry message for protein synthesis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Gene Regulation",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Gene Regulation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Splicing of pre mRNA"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Initiation of Translation"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Carry message for protein synthesis"
}
],
"index": 13372,
"question": "What is the function of Micro RNA?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most appropriate treatment for a 4-year-old boy presenting with 7 days of fever, bilateral conjunctival injection, fissured lips, erythematous pharynx, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, edema of the hands and feet, a macular morbilliform rash, and swollen, tender knee joints?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Intravenous immunoglobulin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6646,
"question": "What is the most appropriate treatment for a 4-year-old boy presenting with 7 days of fever, bilateral conjunctival injection, fissured lips, erythematous pharynx, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, edema of the hands and feet, a macular morbilliform rash, and swollen, tender knee joints?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich pathology is characterized by dilated veins around the umbilicus due to portacaval anastomoses between the paraumbilical vein (portal system) and the epigastric veins (systemic/caval system)?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Caput medusae | Caval (systemic): epigastric veins | Portal (hepatic): paraumbilical vein",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 2725,
"question": "Which pathology is characterized by dilated veins around the umbilicus due to portacaval anastomoses between the paraumbilical vein (portal system) and the epigastric veins (systemic/caval system)?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mom for breathing difficulty after a recent fall. His parents say that he rolled off of the mattress and landed on the hard wood floor earlier today. After an extensive physical exam, he is found to have many purplish bruises and retinal hemorrhages. A non-contrast head CT scan shows a subdural hemorrhage. He was treated in the hospital with full recovery from his symptoms. Which of the following is the most important follow up plan?\nA. Inform child protective services\nB. Provide parents with anticipatory guidance\nC. Provide home nursing visits\nD. Reassurance that accidents are common\nE. Referral to genetics for further testing",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Inform child protective services",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Inform child protective services"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Provide parents with anticipatory guidance"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Provide home nursing visits"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Reassurance that accidents are common"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Referral to genetics for further testing"
}
],
"index": 9285,
"question": "A 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mom for breathing difficulty after a recent fall. His parents say that he rolled off of the mattress and landed on the hard wood floor earlier today. After an extensive physical exam, he is found to have many purplish bruises and retinal hemorrhages. A non-contrast head CT scan shows a subdural hemorrhage. He was treated in the hospital with full recovery from his symptoms. Which of the following is the most important follow up plan?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the main corneal mechanism that holds the LASIK flap in place after surgery?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Endothelial pump",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 16973,
"question": "What is the main corneal mechanism that holds the LASIK flap in place after surgery?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA premature infant born at 31 weeks gestation presents three weeks after birth with increasing lethargy, episodes of apnea, and pallor. Laboratory studies reveal a hemoglobin of 6.5 g/dL, a reticulocyte count of 0.5%, and a mean corpuscular volume of 92 μm3, with normal leukocyte and platelet counts and normal bilirubin levels. What is the most likely underlying mechanism of this infant's anemia?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Impaired erythropoietin production",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6362,
"question": "A premature infant born at 31 weeks gestation presents three weeks after birth with increasing lethargy, episodes of apnea, and pallor. Laboratory studies reveal a hemoglobin of 6.5 g/dL, a reticulocyte count of 0.5%, and a mean corpuscular volume of 92 μm3, with normal leukocyte and platelet counts and normal bilirubin levels. What is the most likely underlying mechanism of this infant's anemia?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat additional motor deficit is most likely present in a patient with hypothenar wasting, decreased grip strength, and a positive Froment's sign indicating ulnar nerve injury?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Inability to extend the little finger at the proximal interphalangeal joints",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 736,
"question": "What additional motor deficit is most likely present in a patient with hypothenar wasting, decreased grip strength, and a positive Froment's sign indicating ulnar nerve injury?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 5-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of poor weight gain and chronic diarrhea. He has had 3 episodes of otitis media since birth. Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated, but his mother received no prenatal care. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is at the 10th percentile for height and 5th percentile for weight. Physical examination shows thick white plaques on the surface of his tongue that can be easily scraped off with a tongue blade. Administration of which medication during pregnancy and after birth is most likely to have prevented this patient's condition?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Zidovudine",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 3444,
"question": "A 5-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of poor weight gain and chronic diarrhea. He has had 3 episodes of otitis media since birth. Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated, but his mother received no prenatal care. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is at the 10th percentile for height and 5th percentile for weight. Physical examination shows thick white plaques on the surface of his tongue that can be easily scraped off with a tongue blade. Administration of which medication during pregnancy and after birth is most likely to have prevented this patient's condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nIn order to study the association between coffee drinking and the subsequent development of lung cancer, a group of researchers decides to carry out a multicentric case-control study with a large number of participants–800 with a diagnosis of lung cancer, and 800 as age-adjusted controls. According to the results outlined in table 1 (below), 80% of those with lung cancer were regular coffee drinkers, resulting in an odds ratio of 23.\n Lung cancer present Lung cancer absent\nCoffee drinking 640 120\nNo coffee drinking 160 680\nTable: Contingency table of coffee drinking in relation to the presence of lung cancer\nThe researchers concluded from this that regular consumption of coffee is strongly linked to the development of lung cancer. Which of the following systematic errors did they not take into account?\nA. Observer bias\nB. Selection bias\nC. Confounding bias\nD. Attrition bias\nE. Information bias",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Confounding bias",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Observer bias"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Selection bias"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Confounding bias"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Attrition bias"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Information bias"
}
],
"index": 4021,
"question": "In order to study the association between coffee drinking and the subsequent development of lung cancer, a group of researchers decides to carry out a multicentric case-control study with a large number of participants–800 with a diagnosis of lung cancer, and 800 as age-adjusted controls. According to the results outlined in table 1 (below), 80% of those with lung cancer were regular coffee drinkers, resulting in an odds ratio of 23.\n Lung cancer present Lung cancer absent\nCoffee drinking 640 120\nNo coffee drinking 160 680\nTable: Contingency table of coffee drinking in relation to the presence of lung cancer\nThe researchers concluded from this that regular consumption of coffee is strongly linked to the development of lung cancer. Which of the following systematic errors did they not take into account?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn which condition is pseudodementia commonly observed?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Depression",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18421,
"question": "In which condition is pseudodementia commonly observed?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 4-year-old boy presents with vomiting and one day of lethargy after a one week history of flu-like symptoms and low-grade fevers. The vomiting is nonbilious and nonbloody. The patient has had no other symptoms aside from mild rhinorrhea and cough. He has no past medical history, and is on no medications except for over-the-counter medications for his fever. His temperature is 98.5°F (36.9°C), pulse is 96/min, respirations are 14/min, and blood pressure is 108/80 mmHg. The patient appears lethargic and is oriented only to person. Otherwise, the physical exam is benign and the patient has no other neurologic symptoms. What is the mechanism of the most likely cause of this patient’s presentation?\nA. Bacterial infection\nB. Deficient erythrocyte enzyme\nC. Chemical ingestion\nD. Reversible enzyme inhibition\nE. Irreversible enzyme inhibition",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Irreversible enzyme inhibition",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Bacterial infection"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Deficient erythrocyte enzyme"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Chemical ingestion"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Reversible enzyme inhibition"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Irreversible enzyme inhibition"
}
],
"index": 2008,
"question": "A 4-year-old boy presents with vomiting and one day of lethargy after a one week history of flu-like symptoms and low-grade fevers. The vomiting is nonbilious and nonbloody. The patient has had no other symptoms aside from mild rhinorrhea and cough. He has no past medical history, and is on no medications except for over-the-counter medications for his fever. His temperature is 98.5°F (36.9°C), pulse is 96/min, respirations are 14/min, and blood pressure is 108/80 mmHg. The patient appears lethargic and is oriented only to person. Otherwise, the physical exam is benign and the patient has no other neurologic symptoms. What is the mechanism of the most likely cause of this patient’s presentation?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 17-year-old high school wrestler presents with recent mood changes, irritability, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, dry and cracked skin around his mouth, and tingling sensations in his hands and feet. He has lost weight intentionally to drop weight classes and uses supplements commonly taken by his teammates. Physical examination reveals acne, dry cracked perioral skin, and decreased sensation in the lower extremities. Laboratory studies show normal electrolytes and liver function tests but an elevated homocysteine level. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Water soluble vitamin deficiency",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 7871,
"question": "A 17-year-old high school wrestler presents with recent mood changes, irritability, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, dry and cracked skin around his mouth, and tingling sensations in his hands and feet. He has lost weight intentionally to drop weight classes and uses supplements commonly taken by his teammates. Physical examination reveals acne, dry cracked perioral skin, and decreased sensation in the lower extremities. Laboratory studies show normal electrolytes and liver function tests but an elevated homocysteine level. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat bacterium causes Malta fever?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Brucella melitensis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 13854,
"question": "What bacterium causes Malta fever?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most likely cause of this 29-year-old woman's intermittent dark urine and mild flank pain, given her recent upper respiratory infection, urinalysis showing 3+ blood and 1+ protein with negative leukocyte esterase, normal kidney ultrasound, and laboratory findings?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Renal glomerular damage",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 7836,
"question": "What is the most likely cause of this 29-year-old woman's intermittent dark urine and mild flank pain, given her recent upper respiratory infection, urinalysis showing 3+ blood and 1+ protein with negative leukocyte esterase, normal kidney ultrasound, and laboratory findings?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAn 18-month-old girl is brought to the pediatrician’s office for failure to thrive and developmental delay. The patient’s mother says she has not started speaking and is just now starting to pull herself up to standing position. Furthermore, her movement appears to be restricted. Physical examination reveals coarse facial features and restricted joint mobility. Laboratory studies show increased plasma levels of several enzymes. Which of the following is the underlying biochemical defect in this patient?\nA. Failure of mannose phosphorylation\nB. Inappropriate degradation of lysosomal enzymes\nC. Congenital lack of lysosomal formation\nD. Inappropriate protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum\nE. Misfolding of nuclear proteins",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Failure of mannose phosphorylation",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Failure of mannose phosphorylation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Inappropriate degradation of lysosomal enzymes"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Congenital lack of lysosomal formation"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Inappropriate protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Misfolding of nuclear proteins"
}
],
"index": 3971,
"question": "An 18-month-old girl is brought to the pediatrician’s office for failure to thrive and developmental delay. The patient’s mother says she has not started speaking and is just now starting to pull herself up to standing position. Furthermore, her movement appears to be restricted. Physical examination reveals coarse facial features and restricted joint mobility. Laboratory studies show increased plasma levels of several enzymes. Which of the following is the underlying biochemical defect in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat should the physician do regarding the 17-year-old patient's requests to personally consent to treatment for her Chlamydial infection and to keep the diagnosis confidential from her parents?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Do not contact her parents but do report to public health agencies",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 3237,
"question": "What should the physician do regarding the 17-year-old patient's requests to personally consent to treatment for her Chlamydial infection and to keep the diagnosis confidential from her parents?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 4-day-old boy presents with vomiting, irritability, poor feeding, increased muscle tone, lethargy, and a characteristic caramel-like odor in his urine. Urine studies are positive for ketone bodies. Supplementation with which vitamin is most likely to improve his condition?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Thiamine",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5147,
"question": "A 4-day-old boy presents with vomiting, irritability, poor feeding, increased muscle tone, lethargy, and a characteristic caramel-like odor in his urine. Urine studies are positive for ketone bodies. Supplementation with which vitamin is most likely to improve his condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 20-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, myalgia, and swelling in his left groin after a recent camping trip in northern California. He appears acutely ill. Physical examination shows tender, left-sided inguinal lymphadenopathy and an enlarged, tender lymph node in the right axilla that is draining bloody necrotic material. Microscopic examination of a lymph node aspirate shows gram-negative coccobacilli with bipolar staining and a safety-pin appearance. This patient's condition is most likely caused by an organism with which of the following reservoirs?\nA. Deer\nB. Birds\nC. Squirrels\nD. Dogs\nE. Bats",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Squirrels",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Deer"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Birds"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Squirrels"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Dogs"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Bats"
}
],
"index": 3044,
"question": "A 20-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, myalgia, and swelling in his left groin after a recent camping trip in northern California. He appears acutely ill. Physical examination shows tender, left-sided inguinal lymphadenopathy and an enlarged, tender lymph node in the right axilla that is draining bloody necrotic material. Microscopic examination of a lymph node aspirate shows gram-negative coccobacilli with bipolar staining and a safety-pin appearance. This patient's condition is most likely caused by an organism with which of the following reservoirs?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAn 8-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for a well visit. His parents state that he has been doing well in school and has many friends. The patient is a member of the chess club and enjoys playing video games. He has a past medical history of asthma which is treated with albuterol. The patient is in the 99th percentile for weight and 30th percentile for height. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 122/88 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, respirations are 11/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. The patient's body mass index is 39.1 kg/m^2 at this visit. On physical exam, you note a young boy who maintains eye contact and is excited to be at the doctor's office. Cardiopulmonary exam is within normal limits. Abdominal exam reveals normal bowel sounds and is non-tender in all 4 quadrants. Neurological and musculoskeletal exams are within normal limits. Which of the following is the most likely outcome in this patient?\nA. Atherosclerotic heart disease\nB. Constitutional growth delay\nC. Hypertension\nD. Precocious puberty\nE. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Precocious puberty",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Atherosclerotic heart disease"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Constitutional growth delay"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Hypertension"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Precocious puberty"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Slipped capital femoral epiphysis"
}
],
"index": 10037,
"question": "An 8-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for a well visit. His parents state that he has been doing well in school and has many friends. The patient is a member of the chess club and enjoys playing video games. He has a past medical history of asthma which is treated with albuterol. The patient is in the 99th percentile for weight and 30th percentile for height. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 122/88 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, respirations are 11/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. The patient's body mass index is 39.1 kg/m^2 at this visit. On physical exam, you note a young boy who maintains eye contact and is excited to be at the doctor's office. Cardiopulmonary exam is within normal limits. Abdominal exam reveals normal bowel sounds and is non-tender in all 4 quadrants. Neurological and musculoskeletal exams are within normal limits. Which of the following is the most likely outcome in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn which direction is DNA newly synthesized during replication in eukaryotic cells?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "5' --> 3'",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 2119,
"question": "In which direction is DNA newly synthesized during replication in eukaryotic cells?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAn 8-year-old boy presents with a 7-day history of fever and abdominal pain for the past 4 days. Past medical history is significant for an exchange transfusion for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and recurrent attacks of pallor during the course of upper respiratory tract infections. His vital signs include: blood pressure 120/70 mm Hg, pulse 105/min, respiratory rate 40/min, and temperature 37.0℃ (98.6℉). On physical examination, the patient is ill-looking. Conjunctivae are pale and the sclera is icteric. The liver is palpable 2 cm below the costal margin and the spleen is palpable 3 cm below the left costal margin. Laboratory findings show hemoglobin of 5.9 gm/dL, Hct of 20%, and haptoglobin of 28 gm/dL. A peripheral blood smear shows hypochromic anemia, polychromasia, anisocytosis, and occasional Heinz bodies. The reticulocyte count was 15%. A direct Coombs test was negative. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?\nA. Hereditary spherocytosis\nB. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency\nC. Sickle cell disease\nD. Gilbert syndrome\nE. IgG mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Hereditary spherocytosis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Sickle cell disease"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Gilbert syndrome"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "IgG mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia"
}
],
"index": 9053,
"question": "An 8-year-old boy presents with a 7-day history of fever and abdominal pain for the past 4 days. Past medical history is significant for an exchange transfusion for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and recurrent attacks of pallor during the course of upper respiratory tract infections. His vital signs include: blood pressure 120/70 mm Hg, pulse 105/min, respiratory rate 40/min, and temperature 37.0℃ (98.6℉). On physical examination, the patient is ill-looking. Conjunctivae are pale and the sclera is icteric. The liver is palpable 2 cm below the costal margin and the spleen is palpable 3 cm below the left costal margin. Laboratory findings show hemoglobin of 5.9 gm/dL, Hct of 20%, and haptoglobin of 28 gm/dL. A peripheral blood smear shows hypochromic anemia, polychromasia, anisocytosis, and occasional Heinz bodies. The reticulocyte count was 15%. A direct Coombs test was negative. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the underlying mechanism responsible for this patient's clinical presentation of hypotension, distended neck veins, cool extremities, and pulmonary crackles?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Cardiac pump dysfunction",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 9144,
"question": "What is the underlying mechanism responsible for this patient's clinical presentation of hypotension, distended neck veins, cool extremities, and pulmonary crackles?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nSkip granulomatous lesions are seen in\nA. Ulcerative colitis\nB. Crohn's disease\nC. Whipple's disease\nD. Reiter's disease",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Crohn's disease",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Ulcerative colitis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Crohn's disease"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Whipple's disease"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Reiter's disease"
}
],
"index": 10445,
"question": "Skip granulomatous lesions are seen in",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most likely diagnosis in a 40-year-old male presenting with severe left upper abdominal pain radiating to the groin, with urine analysis showing pus cells and red blood cells, and a CT scan performed?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Left ureteric calculus",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12952,
"question": "What is the most likely diagnosis in a 40-year-old male presenting with severe left upper abdominal pain radiating to the groin, with urine analysis showing pus cells and red blood cells, and a CT scan performed?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 78-year-old man presents with persistent back pain that has worsened after lifting heavy furniture. He reports a recent 15-pound weight loss and constipation. Physical examination reveals mild midline tenderness over the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine without neurological deficits. Laboratory studies show anemia (hemoglobin 11 g/dL), hypercalcemia (calcium 11.8 mg/dL), and elevated creatinine (1.6 mg/dL). Given this clinical presentation and laboratory findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Plasma cell dyscrasia",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6204,
"question": "A 78-year-old man presents with persistent back pain that has worsened after lifting heavy furniture. He reports a recent 15-pound weight loss and constipation. Physical examination reveals mild midline tenderness over the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine without neurological deficits. Laboratory studies show anemia (hemoglobin 11 g/dL), hypercalcemia (calcium 11.8 mg/dL), and elevated creatinine (1.6 mg/dL). Given this clinical presentation and laboratory findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nAt what plasma protein level does oedema occur?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "5 mg\\/dl",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 11905,
"question": "At what plasma protein level does oedema occur?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the drug of choice for treating Acute Anterior Uveitis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Atropine",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 16771,
"question": "What is the drug of choice for treating Acute Anterior Uveitis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nAfter healing of chickenpox vesicular lesions with scar formation, what is the best explanation for the formation of these scars?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "It is a part of the healing process of acute inflammation.",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 3817,
"question": "After healing of chickenpox vesicular lesions with scar formation, what is the best explanation for the formation of these scars?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever and pain in his right thigh that is causing him to limp. The mother thinks he may have hurt himself during soccer practice. He has no history of rash or joint pain. His older sister has systemic lupus erythematosus. His immunizations are up-to-date. The patient is at the 40th percentile for height and 45th percentile for weight. His temperature is 39°C (102.2°F), pulse is 100/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Examination shows swelling, tenderness, warmth, and mild erythema over the right upper thigh; range of motion is limited by pain. He has a right-sided antalgic gait. His leukocyte count is 12,300/mm3 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 40 mm/h. X-rays of the hips and lower extremities are unremarkable. An MRI of the right lower extremity shows increased T2 and decreased T1 signals over the right femur with periosteal elevation, multiple osteolytic areas in the femoral metaphysis, and bone marrow edema. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?\nA. Nafcillin therapy\nB. Nuclear scan of the right upper leg\nC. Femoral osteotomy\nD. Arthrocentesis\nE. Bone biopsy of the right femur",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. Bone biopsy of the right femur",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Nafcillin therapy"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Nuclear scan of the right upper leg"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Femoral osteotomy"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Arthrocentesis"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Bone biopsy of the right femur"
}
],
"index": 10053,
"question": "A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever and pain in his right thigh that is causing him to limp. The mother thinks he may have hurt himself during soccer practice. He has no history of rash or joint pain. His older sister has systemic lupus erythematosus. His immunizations are up-to-date. The patient is at the 40th percentile for height and 45th percentile for weight. His temperature is 39°C (102.2°F), pulse is 100/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Examination shows swelling, tenderness, warmth, and mild erythema over the right upper thigh; range of motion is limited by pain. He has a right-sided antalgic gait. His leukocyte count is 12,300/mm3 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 40 mm/h. X-rays of the hips and lower extremities are unremarkable. An MRI of the right lower extremity shows increased T2 and decreased T1 signals over the right femur with periosteal elevation, multiple osteolytic areas in the femoral metaphysis, and bone marrow edema. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhere is pain from ovarian pathology typically referred to? \nMedial thigh",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Medial thigh",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12331,
"question": "Where is pain from ovarian pathology typically referred to? \nMedial thigh",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the causative agent of ecthyma gangrenosum?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 19703,
"question": "What is the causative agent of ecthyma gangrenosum?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe instrument shown here is useful for:\nA. To condense amalgam\nB. For vital bleaching\nC. Removal of crown\nD. Removal of broken instrument",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Removal of crown",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "To condense amalgam"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "For vital bleaching"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Removal of crown"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Removal of broken instrument"
}
],
"index": 19496,
"question": "The instrument shown here is useful for:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe level of LDL cholesterol at which therapy should be initiated in a patient without a coronary artery disease and no risk factors is -\nA. 100 mg./dl\nB. 130 mg./dl\nC. 160 mg./dl\nD. 190 mg./dl",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. 190 mg./dl",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "100 mg./dl"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "130 mg./dl"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "160 mg./dl"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "190 mg./dl"
}
],
"index": 10390,
"question": "The level of LDL cholesterol at which therapy should be initiated in a patient without a coronary artery disease and no risk factors is -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat clinical condition contraindicates nonoperative management of splenic injury?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Hemodynamic instability",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10855,
"question": "What clinical condition contraindicates nonoperative management of splenic injury?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nUsing occlusal morphology as guide, the Mandibular third molar is most similar to:\nA. Maxillary permanent first molar\nB. Mandibular permanent first molar\nC. Mandibular permanent second molar\nD. Mandibular deciduous second molar",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Mandibular permanent second molar",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Maxillary permanent first molar"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Mandibular permanent first molar"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Mandibular permanent second molar"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Mandibular deciduous second molar"
}
],
"index": 19572,
"question": "Using occlusal morphology as guide, the Mandibular third molar is most similar to:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is an absolute indication for surgery in hyperparathyroidism?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Urinary tract calculi",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10853,
"question": "What is an absolute indication for surgery in hyperparathyroidism?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nPatchy hair loss with velvety skin is indicative of which diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Hypehyroidism",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 19707,
"question": "Patchy hair loss with velvety skin is indicative of which diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most common cause of coarse 'popcorn' calcification seen on a mammogram?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Fibroadenoma",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 17502,
"question": "What is the most common cause of coarse 'popcorn' calcification seen on a mammogram?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich group of fungi includes species of medical importance?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Deuteromycota",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 14037,
"question": "Which group of fungi includes species of medical importance?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nTriplex DNA is due to\nA. Hoogsteen pairing\nB. Palindromic sequences\nC. Large no. of guanosine repeats\nD. Polypyramidine tracts",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Hoogsteen pairing",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Hoogsteen pairing"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Palindromic sequences"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Large no. of guanosine repeats"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Polypyramidine tracts"
}
],
"index": 13318,
"question": "Triplex DNA is due to",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the therapeutic plasma concentration range of digoxin?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "0.8–1.5 ng/ml",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 11379,
"question": "What is the therapeutic plasma concentration range of digoxin?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following drug is a potassium channel opener\nA. Nifedipine\nB. Minoxidil\nC. Enalapril\nD. Atenolol",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Minoxidil",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Nifedipine"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Minoxidil"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Enalapril"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Atenolol"
}
],
"index": 11589,
"question": "Which of the following drug is a potassium channel opener",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nPathognomic of measls ?\nA. Koplik spot\nB. Rash\nC. Fever\nD. Conjuctivitis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Koplik spot",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Koplik spot"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Rash"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Fever"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Conjuctivitis"
}
],
"index": 15210,
"question": "Pathognomic of measls ?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn a 67-year-old man presenting with localized low-back pain, bowed legs, a family history of bone disease with fractures, and radiographic findings suggestive of a metabolic bone disorder, which serum test is the most important initial diagnostic study to evaluate his condition?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Alkaline phosphatase",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 6265,
"question": "In a 67-year-old man presenting with localized low-back pain, bowed legs, a family history of bone disease with fractures, and radiographic findings suggestive of a metabolic bone disorder, which serum test is the most important initial diagnostic study to evaluate his condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 68-year-old woman presents to the hospital for an elective right hemicolectomy. She is independently mobile and does her own shopping. She has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 20 years, essential hypertension for 15 years, and angina on exertion for 6 years. She has a 30-pack-year history of smoking. The operation was uncomplicated. On post-op day 5, she becomes confused. She has a temperature of 38.5°C (101.3°F), respiratory rate of 28/min, and oxygen saturation of 92% on 2 L of oxygen. She is tachycardic at 118/min and her blood pressure is 110/65 mm Hg. On chest auscultation, she has coarse crackles in the right lung base. Her surgical wound appears to be healing well, and her abdomen is soft and nontender. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?\nA. Non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)\nB. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome\nC. Sepsis\nD. Malignant hyperthermia\nE. Drug-induced fever",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Sepsis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Sepsis"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Malignant hyperthermia"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Drug-induced fever"
}
],
"index": 6184,
"question": "A 68-year-old woman presents to the hospital for an elective right hemicolectomy. She is independently mobile and does her own shopping. She has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 20 years, essential hypertension for 15 years, and angina on exertion for 6 years. She has a 30-pack-year history of smoking. The operation was uncomplicated. On post-op day 5, she becomes confused. She has a temperature of 38.5°C (101.3°F), respiratory rate of 28/min, and oxygen saturation of 92% on 2 L of oxygen. She is tachycardic at 118/min and her blood pressure is 110/65 mm Hg. On chest auscultation, she has coarse crackles in the right lung base. Her surgical wound appears to be healing well, and her abdomen is soft and nontender. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the main function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Transport of sperm",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12816,
"question": "What is the main function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAvascular necrosis is a complication of -\nA. Fracture of talus\nB. Fracture of medial condyle of femur\nC. Olecranon fracture\nD. Radial head fracture",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Fracture of talus",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Fracture of talus"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Fracture of medial condyle of femur"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Olecranon fracture"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Radial head fracture"
}
],
"index": 15146,
"question": "Avascular necrosis is a complication of -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe superficial retinal hemorrhage is seen in which layer of retina?\nA. Inner plexiform layer\nB. Nerve fiber layer\nC. Inner nuclear layer\nD. Outer nuclear layer",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Nerve fiber layer",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Inner plexiform layer"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Nerve fiber layer"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Inner nuclear layer"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Outer nuclear layer"
}
],
"index": 16929,
"question": "The superficial retinal hemorrhage is seen in which layer of retina?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 9-year-old boy presents with nausea, vomiting, recent weight loss, increased thirst, and episodes of bedwetting. Physical examination reveals mild abdominal tenderness and tachycardia. Laboratory evaluation confirms a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which HLA type is most commonly associated with the disease process responsible for his symptoms?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "HLA-DR3",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 844,
"question": "A 9-year-old boy presents with nausea, vomiting, recent weight loss, increased thirst, and episodes of bedwetting. Physical examination reveals mild abdominal tenderness and tachycardia. Laboratory evaluation confirms a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which HLA type is most commonly associated with the disease process responsible for his symptoms?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the terminal stage of pneumonia?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Resolution",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12015,
"question": "What is the terminal stage of pneumonia?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 5-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician after his parents noted that he could not sustain physical exertion and would experience muscle cramping. It was noted that after physical exertion the boy experienced severe muscle pain. After a series of biochemical and genetic tests, it was discovered the that the boy had a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the muscle glycogen phosphorylase. Thus he was diagnosed with McArdle's disease. Which of the following mRNA changes would be expected to cause this mutation?\nA. UGU -> CGC\nB. AUG -> UCA\nC. CUG -> AUG\nD. UGA -> UAG\nE. UAU -> UAA",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "E. UAU -> UAA",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "UGU -> CGC"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "AUG -> UCA"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "CUG -> AUG"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "UGA -> UAG"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "UAU -> UAA"
}
],
"index": 990,
"question": "A 5-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician after his parents noted that he could not sustain physical exertion and would experience muscle cramping. It was noted that after physical exertion the boy experienced severe muscle pain. After a series of biochemical and genetic tests, it was discovered the that the boy had a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the muscle glycogen phosphorylase. Thus he was diagnosed with McArdle's disease. Which of the following mRNA changes would be expected to cause this mutation?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich organ contributes the major portion of the fluid in semen?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Seminal vesicles",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 14282,
"question": "Which organ contributes the major portion of the fluid in semen?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nIn an ECG the cardiac event corresponding to the ST segment is:\nA. Atrial depolarisation\nB. Ventricular depolarisation\nC. Atrial repolarisation\nD. Ventricular repolarisation",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Ventricular repolarisation",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Atrial depolarisation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Ventricular depolarisation"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Atrial repolarisation"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Ventricular repolarisation"
}
],
"index": 12745,
"question": "In an ECG the cardiac event corresponding to the ST segment is:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nMinimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of an anesthetic agent means it produces lack of reflex response to skin incision in____ of subjects.\nA. 25%\nB. 50%\nC. 75%\nD. 100%",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. 50%",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "25%"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "50%"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "75%"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "100%"
}
],
"index": 17798,
"question": "Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of an anesthetic agent means it produces lack of reflex response to skin incision in____ of subjects.",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat microscopic findings are most likely to be seen in skin scrapings from the rash of a 4-month-old boy with erythematous papules and plaques in the diaper area who is treated with topical clotrimazole?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Oval, budding yeast with pseudohyphae",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 2668,
"question": "What microscopic findings are most likely to be seen in skin scrapings from the rash of a 4-month-old boy with erythematous papules and plaques in the diaper area who is treated with topical clotrimazole?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nFollowing strain used is ?\nA. Methyl violet\nB. Brilliant cresyl blue\nC. Sudan black\nD. Indigo carmine",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Brilliant cresyl blue",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Methyl violet"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Brilliant cresyl blue"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Sudan black"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Indigo carmine"
}
],
"index": 20403,
"question": "Following strain used is ?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 43-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of fever and night sweats over the past 15 days. During this period, he has also had headaches and generalized weakness. He has no cough or shortness of breath. He has hypertension controlled with lisinopril and is currently receiving triple antiretroviral therapy. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 15 years and drinks one to two beers on weekends. He is a known user of intravenous illicit drugs. His temperature is 39°C (102°F), pulse is 115/min, respirations are 15/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. Examination shows several track marks on the forearms. The lungs are clear to auscultation. A holosystolic murmur that increases on inspiration is heard along the left sternal border. The remainder of the physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show a leukocyte count of 12,800/mm3 and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 52 mm/h. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 450/mm3 (normal ≥ 500). Which of the following is the most likely sequela of the condition?\nA. Pulmonary embolism\nB. Painful nodules on pads of the fingers\nC. Hemorrhages underneath fingernails\nD. Hematuria\nE. Retinal hemorrhages",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. Pulmonary embolism",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Pulmonary embolism"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Painful nodules on pads of the fingers"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Hemorrhages underneath fingernails"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Hematuria"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Retinal hemorrhages"
}
],
"index": 8001,
"question": "A 43-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of fever and night sweats over the past 15 days. During this period, he has also had headaches and generalized weakness. He has no cough or shortness of breath. He has hypertension controlled with lisinopril and is currently receiving triple antiretroviral therapy. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 15 years and drinks one to two beers on weekends. He is a known user of intravenous illicit drugs. His temperature is 39°C (102°F), pulse is 115/min, respirations are 15/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. Examination shows several track marks on the forearms. The lungs are clear to auscultation. A holosystolic murmur that increases on inspiration is heard along the left sternal border. The remainder of the physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show a leukocyte count of 12,800/mm3 and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 52 mm/h. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 450/mm3 (normal ≥ 500). Which of the following is the most likely sequela of the condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nSteroid hormone synthesis, lipid synthesis, and chemical detoxification are activities of which of the following?\nA. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum\nB. Golgi bodies\nC. Peroxisomes\nD. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum\nE. Nucleolus",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Golgi bodies"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Peroxisomes"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Nucleolus"
}
],
"index": 1700,
"question": "Steroid hormone synthesis, lipid synthesis, and chemical detoxification are activities of which of the following?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat immunological mechanism is most likely responsible for the 12-mm indurated, hypopigmented skin patch observed four weeks after an intradermal injection of an autoclaved microorganism?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Increased activity of CD4+ Th1 cells",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 3804,
"question": "What immunological mechanism is most likely responsible for the 12-mm indurated, hypopigmented skin patch observed four weeks after an intradermal injection of an autoclaved microorganism?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich virus infection is most directly associated with the development of a malignant hepatic tumor in a patient with cirrhosis and a large liver mass?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Hepatitis B virus",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10489,
"question": "Which virus infection is most directly associated with the development of a malignant hepatic tumor in a patient with cirrhosis and a large liver mass?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhen does marbling occur after death of a person?\nA. After 36 hours\nB. Within 36 years\nC. After 7 days\nD. Within 2 hours",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "A. After 36 hours",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "After 36 hours"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Within 36 years"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "After 7 days"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Within 2 hours"
}
],
"index": 16176,
"question": "When does marbling occur after death of a person?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 44-year-old woman presents with a progressively enlarging, smooth, multinodular, firm, and mobile mass in her right breast that has grown from 5 cm to 8 cm over 6 weeks. Ultrasound reveals a well-circumscribed hypoechoic mass with cystic components. Based on these clinical and imaging findings, what is the most likely diagnosis confirmed by core needle biopsy?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Phyllodes tumor",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 212,
"question": "A 44-year-old woman presents with a progressively enlarging, smooth, multinodular, firm, and mobile mass in her right breast that has grown from 5 cm to 8 cm over 6 weeks. Ultrasound reveals a well-circumscribed hypoechoic mass with cystic components. Based on these clinical and imaging findings, what is the most likely diagnosis confirmed by core needle biopsy?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 48-year-old man presents with worsening shortness of breath and nocturnal cough over the past 2 weeks. He has had episodes of coughing up blood. His medical history is significant for a heart condition in childhood treated with antibiotics. He emigrated from Kazakhstan 15 years ago. On examination, crackles are heard at both lung bases, and cardiac auscultation reveals findings consistent with a valvular abnormality. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Mitral valve stenosis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 10126,
"question": "A 48-year-old man presents with worsening shortness of breath and nocturnal cough over the past 2 weeks. He has had episodes of coughing up blood. His medical history is significant for a heart condition in childhood treated with antibiotics. He emigrated from Kazakhstan 15 years ago. On examination, crackles are heard at both lung bases, and cardiac auscultation reveals findings consistent with a valvular abnormality. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 22-year-old woman presents with lightheadedness after experiencing rapid breathing due to nervousness before a job interview. What physiological change is responsible for her symptoms?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Decreased arterial pCO2",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 2599,
"question": "A 22-year-old woman presents with lightheadedness after experiencing rapid breathing due to nervousness before a job interview. What physiological change is responsible for her symptoms?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 24-year-old woman presents with a 3-day history of lower abdominal pain, dysuria, fever, purulent vaginal discharge, and cervical motion tenderness. She is sexually active with one partner and has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. Physical examination reveals lower abdominal tenderness and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Laboratory studies show leukocytosis and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, while urinalysis is not consistent with a urinary tract infection. What is the most appropriate pharmacologic treatment for her condition?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Intramuscular ceftriaxone and oral doxycycline",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 7682,
"question": "A 24-year-old woman presents with a 3-day history of lower abdominal pain, dysuria, fever, purulent vaginal discharge, and cervical motion tenderness. She is sexually active with one partner and has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. Physical examination reveals lower abdominal tenderness and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Laboratory studies show leukocytosis and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, while urinalysis is not consistent with a urinary tract infection. What is the most appropriate pharmacologic treatment for her condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nAt what age should iron supplementation be started in a healthy term breastfed baby?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "8 weeks",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 15562,
"question": "At what age should iron supplementation be started in a healthy term breastfed baby?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 61-year-old man presents to the emergency department with new-onset dizziness. He reports associated symptoms of confusion, headaches, and loss of coordination. The patient’s wife also mentions he has had recent frequent nosebleeds. Physical examination demonstrates a double vision. Routine blood work is significant for a slightly reduced platelet count. A noncontrast CT of the head is normal. A serum protein electrophoresis is performed and shows an elevated IgM spike. The consulting hematologist strongly suspects Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Which of the following is the best course of treatment for this patient?\nA. Cyclophosphamide\nB. Vincristine\nC. Plasmapheresis\nD. Rituximab\nE. Prednisone",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Plasmapheresis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Cyclophosphamide"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Vincristine"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Plasmapheresis"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Rituximab"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Prednisone"
}
],
"index": 632,
"question": "A 61-year-old man presents to the emergency department with new-onset dizziness. He reports associated symptoms of confusion, headaches, and loss of coordination. The patient’s wife also mentions he has had recent frequent nosebleeds. Physical examination demonstrates a double vision. Routine blood work is significant for a slightly reduced platelet count. A noncontrast CT of the head is normal. A serum protein electrophoresis is performed and shows an elevated IgM spike. The consulting hematologist strongly suspects Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Which of the following is the best course of treatment for this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn a 5-month-old infant presenting with coarse facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal abnormalities, restricted joint movement, and elevated plasma lysosomal enzymes, which substance's production is most likely disrupted, leading to defective lysosomal enzyme targeting?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Mannose-6-phosphate",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5311,
"question": "In a 5-month-old infant presenting with coarse facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal abnormalities, restricted joint movement, and elevated plasma lysosomal enzymes, which substance's production is most likely disrupted, leading to defective lysosomal enzyme targeting?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat finding would most likely be seen on a CT scan of the abdomen in this patient now?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Low-density areas within the splenic parenchyma",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 9319,
"question": "What finding would most likely be seen on a CT scan of the abdomen in this patient now?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nLong acting insulin is:\nA. Lente\nB. Semilente\nC. Ultralente\nD. Lispro insulin",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Ultralente",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Lente"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Semilente"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Ultralente"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Lispro insulin"
}
],
"index": 11624,
"question": "Long acting insulin is:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich laryngeal cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Cricoid",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 16561,
"question": "Which laryngeal cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 57-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of easy fatigability and dyspnea on exertion. She is postmenopausal and has pallor on physical examination. Her pulse is 105/min and blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. A peripheral blood smear shows small, pale red blood cells. What is the most likely finding on further evaluation?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Positive stool guaiac test",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 672,
"question": "A 57-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of easy fatigability and dyspnea on exertion. She is postmenopausal and has pallor on physical examination. Her pulse is 105/min and blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. A peripheral blood smear shows small, pale red blood cells. What is the most likely finding on further evaluation?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 6-year-old girl is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. She is at the 90th percentile for height and weight. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows enlarged breast buds that extend beyond the areola. There is coarse pubic hair that does not extend onto the inner thigh. The remainder of the examination show no abnormalities. An x-ray of the left hand shows a bone age of 10 years. Following GnRH agonist stimulation, serum luteinizing hormone levels increase to twice the median. Which of the following is the most appropriate next best step in management?\nA. Leuprolide therapy\nB. Reassurance and follow-up\nC. MRI of the brain\nD. Ultrasound of the pelvis\nE. Anastrozole therapy\n\"",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. MRI of the brain",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Leuprolide therapy"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Reassurance and follow-up"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "MRI of the brain"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Ultrasound of the pelvis"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Anastrozole therapy\n\""
}
],
"index": 8545,
"question": "A 6-year-old girl is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. She is at the 90th percentile for height and weight. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows enlarged breast buds that extend beyond the areola. There is coarse pubic hair that does not extend onto the inner thigh. The remainder of the examination show no abnormalities. An x-ray of the left hand shows a bone age of 10 years. Following GnRH agonist stimulation, serum luteinizing hormone levels increase to twice the median. Which of the following is the most appropriate next best step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most effective drug to treat the acute symptoms of thyroid storm in a patient with Graves disease who presents with fever, tachycardia, and anxiety triggered by a urinary tract infection?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Propanolol",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 682,
"question": "What is the most effective drug to treat the acute symptoms of thyroid storm in a patient with Graves disease who presents with fever, tachycardia, and anxiety triggered by a urinary tract infection?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 36-year-old man with a history of gastric ulcer presents with massive hematemesis and receives a transfusion of 2 units of packed red blood cells. Within 5–10 minutes after the transfusion, he develops chills, lumbar pain, oliguria, fever, hypotension, and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause of his acute symptoms following the transfusion?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 989,
"question": "A 36-year-old man with a history of gastric ulcer presents with massive hematemesis and receives a transfusion of 2 units of packed red blood cells. Within 5–10 minutes after the transfusion, he develops chills, lumbar pain, oliguria, fever, hypotension, and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause of his acute symptoms following the transfusion?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nSoap bubble appearance at lower end of radius, the treatment of choice is -\nA. Local excision\nB. Excision and bone grafting\nC. Amputation\nD. Radiotherapy",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Excision and bone grafting",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Local excision"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Excision and bone grafting"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Amputation"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Radiotherapy"
}
],
"index": 20568,
"question": "Soap bubble appearance at lower end of radius, the treatment of choice is -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe advantage of using a tooth positioner as a retainer is :\nA. Final setting of occlusion\nB. Used in uncooperative patients\nC. Esthetics\nD. Gingival margin inflamed during orthodontic treatment",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Gingival margin inflamed during orthodontic treatment",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Final setting of occlusion"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Used in uncooperative patients"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Esthetics"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Gingival margin inflamed during orthodontic treatment"
}
],
"index": 19518,
"question": "The advantage of using a tooth positioner as a retainer is :",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 73-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of increased urinary frequency, nocturia, and incomplete emptying after void. He is otherwise healthy, with no active medical problems. On examination, a large, symmetric, firm, smooth prostate is palpated, but otherwise the exam is normal. Which of the following is a potential complication of the patient's present condition?\nA. Prostate cancer\nB. Hydronephrosis\nC. Bladder cancer\nD. Prostatitis\nE. Renal cancer",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Hydronephrosis",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Prostate cancer"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Hydronephrosis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Bladder cancer"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Prostatitis"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Renal cancer"
}
],
"index": 6323,
"question": "A 73-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of increased urinary frequency, nocturia, and incomplete emptying after void. He is otherwise healthy, with no active medical problems. On examination, a large, symmetric, firm, smooth prostate is palpated, but otherwise the exam is normal. Which of the following is a potential complication of the patient's present condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nFor which of the following patients would you recommend prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium-intracellulare?\nA. 22-year old HIV positive female with CD4 count of 750 cells/ microliter and a viral load of 500,000 copies/mL\nB. 30-year old HIV positive male with CD4 count of 20 cells/ microliter and a viral load of < 50 copies/mL\nC. 45-year old HIV positive female with CD4 count of 250 cells/ microliter and a viral load of 100,000 copies/mL\nD. 50-year old HIV positive female with CD4 count of 150 cells/ microliter and a viral load of < 50 copies/mL\nE. 36-year old HIV positive male with CD4 count of 75 cells/microliter and an undetectable viral load.",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. 30-year old HIV positive male with CD4 count of 20 cells/ microliter and a viral load of < 50 copies/mL",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "22-year old HIV positive female with CD4 count of 750 cells/ microliter and a viral load of 500,000 copies/mL"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "30-year old HIV positive male with CD4 count of 20 cells/ microliter and a viral load of < 50 copies/mL"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "45-year old HIV positive female with CD4 count of 250 cells/ microliter and a viral load of 100,000 copies/mL"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "50-year old HIV positive female with CD4 count of 150 cells/ microliter and a viral load of < 50 copies/mL"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "36-year old HIV positive male with CD4 count of 75 cells/microliter and an undetectable viral load."
}
],
"index": 2234,
"question": "For which of the following patients would you recommend prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium-intracellulare?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most appropriate pharmacologic agent to rapidly reverse the coagulopathy in a pregnant woman at 32 weeks' gestation who is being treated for deep vein thrombosis and presents with vaginal bleeding, large hematomas, and a markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Protamine sulfate",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 3380,
"question": "What is the most appropriate pharmacologic agent to rapidly reverse the coagulopathy in a pregnant woman at 32 weeks' gestation who is being treated for deep vein thrombosis and presents with vaginal bleeding, large hematomas, and a markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nMost common cause of solitary thyroid nodule is: September 2008\nA. Physiological goitre\nB. Follicular adenoma\nC. Colloid degenerations\nD. Cysts",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Follicular adenoma",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Physiological goitre"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Follicular adenoma"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Colloid degenerations"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Cysts"
}
],
"index": 11151,
"question": "Most common cause of solitary thyroid nodule is: September 2008",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 10-year-old boy from Sri Lanka suffers from an autosomal dominant condition, the hallmark of which is hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and eosinophilia. He suffers from recurrent infections and takes antibiotic chemoprophylaxis. A STAT3 mutation analysis has been performed to confirm the diagnosis of Job syndrome.\nEosinophilia\nEczema\nHay fever\nAtopic dermatitis\nRecurrent skin and lung infections\nBronchial asthma\nWhat combination of symptoms above is characteristic of this condition? \nA. I, II, III\nB. I, II, V\nC. I, II, IV, V\nD. I, III, IV\nE. IV, V, VI",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. I, II, V",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "I, II, III"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "I, II, V"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "I, II, IV, V"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "I, III, IV"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "IV, V, VI"
}
],
"index": 885,
"question": "A 10-year-old boy from Sri Lanka suffers from an autosomal dominant condition, the hallmark of which is hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and eosinophilia. He suffers from recurrent infections and takes antibiotic chemoprophylaxis. A STAT3 mutation analysis has been performed to confirm the diagnosis of Job syndrome.\nEosinophilia\nEczema\nHay fever\nAtopic dermatitis\nRecurrent skin and lung infections\nBronchial asthma\nWhat combination of symptoms above is characteristic of this condition? ",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the length of the distal convoluted tubule?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "5 mm",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 12987,
"question": "What is the length of the distal convoluted tubule?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 19-year-old college student presents with unintentional weight loss, increased thirst, hunger, and frequent urination. Based on these symptoms, what laboratory finding is the physician most likely to observe?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Elevated ketone levels",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 5581,
"question": "A 19-year-old college student presents with unintentional weight loss, increased thirst, hunger, and frequent urination. Based on these symptoms, what laboratory finding is the physician most likely to observe?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich anesthetic agent is known to cause bone marrow depression with chronic administration?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "N2O",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18165,
"question": "Which anesthetic agent is known to cause bone marrow depression with chronic administration?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 26-year-old woman comes to the emergency room because she had difficulty breathing during an exercise session. She also has a cough and end-expiratory wheezing. Besides these symptoms, she has a normal physical appearance. She has experienced similar breathing problems during exercise in the past, but never during rest. She is afebrile. What is the best treatment in this case?\nA. Systemic corticosteroids\nB. Short acting β2-agonists\nC. Aminophylline\nD. No therapy, only avoidance of exercise\nE. Long acting β2-agonists",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. Short acting β2-agonists",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Systemic corticosteroids"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Short acting β2-agonists"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Aminophylline"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "No therapy, only avoidance of exercise"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Long acting β2-agonists"
}
],
"index": 4371,
"question": "A 26-year-old woman comes to the emergency room because she had difficulty breathing during an exercise session. She also has a cough and end-expiratory wheezing. Besides these symptoms, she has a normal physical appearance. She has experienced similar breathing problems during exercise in the past, but never during rest. She is afebrile. What is the best treatment in this case?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 12-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician for a routine examination. Past medical history is significant for a pyloric myomectomy at 2 months of age after a few episodes of projectile vomiting. He has reached all appropriate developmental milestones. He currently lives with his parents and pet cat in a house built in the 1990s. He was weaned off of breast milk at 6 months of age. He is a very picky eater, but drinks 5–6 glasses of whole milk a day. The patient's height and weight are in the 50th percentile for his age and sex. The vital signs are within normal limits except for the presence of slight tachycardia. Physical examination reveals an alert infant with a slight pallor. Abdomen is soft and nondistended. A grade 2/6 systolic ejection murmur is noted in the left upper sternal border. Which of the following will most likely be expected in this patient's laboratory results?\nA. Decreased vitamin B12 levels\nB. Increased lead levels\nC. Increased Hb S levels\nD. Decreased hemoglobin\nE. Metabolic alkalosis",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "D. Decreased hemoglobin",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Decreased vitamin B12 levels"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Increased lead levels"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Increased Hb S levels"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Decreased hemoglobin"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Metabolic alkalosis"
}
],
"index": 7424,
"question": "A 12-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician for a routine examination. Past medical history is significant for a pyloric myomectomy at 2 months of age after a few episodes of projectile vomiting. He has reached all appropriate developmental milestones. He currently lives with his parents and pet cat in a house built in the 1990s. He was weaned off of breast milk at 6 months of age. He is a very picky eater, but drinks 5–6 glasses of whole milk a day. The patient's height and weight are in the 50th percentile for his age and sex. The vital signs are within normal limits except for the presence of slight tachycardia. Physical examination reveals an alert infant with a slight pallor. Abdomen is soft and nondistended. A grade 2/6 systolic ejection murmur is noted in the left upper sternal border. Which of the following will most likely be expected in this patient's laboratory results?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat type of bond retains orthodontic brackets that are attached directly to the tooth surface?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Mechanical bond",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 19398,
"question": "What type of bond retains orthodontic brackets that are attached directly to the tooth surface?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich oil contains the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids?",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "Soya bean oil",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": null,
"index": 18991,
"question": "Which oil contains the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nCrown completion of Maxillary Canine occur\nA. At birth\nB. 6-7 year\nC. 2 ½ year\nD. 8-9 year",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "B. 6-7 year",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "At birth"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "6-7 year"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "2 ½ year"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "8-9 year"
}
],
"index": 19311,
"question": "Crown completion of Maxillary Canine occur",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq | [
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nIncreased nuchal fold thickness is a feature of –\nA. Paul–Bunnel syndrome\nB. De–pan syndrome\nC. Down's syndrome\nD. Cri–duchat syndrome",
"role": "user"
}
]
| medical | {
"ground_truth": "C. Down's syndrome",
"style": "rule"
} | {
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Paul–Bunnel syndrome"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "De–pan syndrome"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Down's syndrome"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Cri–duchat syndrome"
}
],
"index": 15430,
"question": "Increased nuchal fold thickness is a feature of –",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
} |
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