data_source
stringclasses 2
values | prompt
listlengths 1
1
| ability
stringclasses 1
value | reward_model
dict | extra_info
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich syndrome is characterized by superotemporal dislocation of the lens?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Marfan's syndrome",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 17109,
"question": "Which syndrome is characterized by superotemporal dislocation of the lens?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat type of publication describes a detailed report of a single patient's unique clinical presentation, treatment, and follow-up, as exemplified by the physician's manuscript in this case?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Case report",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 4566,
"question": "What type of publication describes a detailed report of a single patient's unique clinical presentation, treatment, and follow-up, as exemplified by the physician's manuscript in this case?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 68-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for increasing colicky lower abdominal pain and distention for 4 days. He has nausea. He has not passed flatus for the past 2 days. His last bowel movement was 4 days ago. He has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and left hemiplegia due to a cerebral infarction that occurred 2 years ago. His current medications include aspirin, atorvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril, and insulin. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 90/min, and blood pressure is 126/84 mm Hg. Examination shows a distended and tympanitic abdomen. There is mild tenderness to palpation over the lower abdomen. Bowel sounds are decreased. Digital rectal examination shows an empty rectum. Muscle strength is decreased in the left upper and lower extremities. Deep tendon reflexes are 3+ on the left and 2+ on the right. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies are within normal limits. An x-ray of the abdomen in left lateral decubitus position is shown. The patient is kept nil per os and a nasogastric tube is inserted. Intravenous fluids are administered. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?\nA. Metoclopramide therapy\nB. Endoscopic detorsion\nC. Intravenous antibiotic therapy\nD. Colonoscopy\nE. Rectal tube insertion",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "B. Endoscopic detorsion",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Metoclopramide therapy"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Endoscopic detorsion"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Intravenous antibiotic therapy"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Colonoscopy"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Rectal tube insertion"
}
],
"index": 7578,
"question": "A 68-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for increasing colicky lower abdominal pain and distention for 4 days. He has nausea. He has not passed flatus for the past 2 days. His last bowel movement was 4 days ago. He has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and left hemiplegia due to a cerebral infarction that occurred 2 years ago. His current medications include aspirin, atorvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril, and insulin. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 90/min, and blood pressure is 126/84 mm Hg. Examination shows a distended and tympanitic abdomen. There is mild tenderness to palpation over the lower abdomen. Bowel sounds are decreased. Digital rectal examination shows an empty rectum. Muscle strength is decreased in the left upper and lower extremities. Deep tendon reflexes are 3+ on the left and 2+ on the right. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies are within normal limits. An x-ray of the abdomen in left lateral decubitus position is shown. The patient is kept nil per os and a nasogastric tube is inserted. Intravenous fluids are administered. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat are Nissl bodies in neurons?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Endoplasmic reticulum",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 12838,
"question": "What are Nissl bodies in neurons?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich region is characterized by the lowest atmospheric humidity?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Polar",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 19050,
"question": "Which region is characterized by the lowest atmospheric humidity?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 40-year-old overweight man presents with a 6-month history of heartburn characterized by a burning sensation in his chest after meals. He has a 20 pack-year smoking history and drinks two glasses of red wine nightly. He denies symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, painful swallowing, weight loss, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite reducing fatty and spicy foods and quitting smoking, his symptoms persist. What is the most appropriate next step in managing his condition?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Omeprazole",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 7921,
"question": "A 40-year-old overweight man presents with a 6-month history of heartburn characterized by a burning sensation in his chest after meals. He has a 20 pack-year smoking history and drinks two glasses of red wine nightly. He denies symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, painful swallowing, weight loss, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite reducing fatty and spicy foods and quitting smoking, his symptoms persist. What is the most appropriate next step in managing his condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich one of the following finding is Not associated with left-sided heart failure?\nA. Pulmonary edema\nB. Hepatojugular reflux\nC. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea\nD. Prerenal azotemia",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "B. Hepatojugular reflux",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Pulmonary edema"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Hepatojugular reflux"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Prerenal azotemia"
}
],
"index": 20557,
"question": "Which one of the following finding is Not associated with left-sided heart failure?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 4-month-old girl presents with feeding difficulties, recurrent infections, a cleft palate, malformed jaw, structural cardiac abnormalities, diminished cell-mediated immune responses, and laboratory findings of hypocalcemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "DiGeorge syndrome",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 1976,
"question": "A 4-month-old girl presents with feeding difficulties, recurrent infections, a cleft palate, malformed jaw, structural cardiac abnormalities, diminished cell-mediated immune responses, and laboratory findings of hypocalcemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 75-year-old woman presents with frequent nighttime urination disrupting her sleep and episodes of urinary leakage both during the day and night. She often feels a sudden, strong urge to urinate and is unable to reach the bathroom in time. Her urinalysis is normal, and urodynamic testing has been performed. The physician recommends behavioral training to improve her bladder control. What is the most likely diagnosis causing her symptoms?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Urge incontinence",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 7801,
"question": "A 75-year-old woman presents with frequent nighttime urination disrupting her sleep and episodes of urinary leakage both during the day and night. She often feels a sudden, strong urge to urinate and is unable to reach the bathroom in time. Her urinalysis is normal, and urodynamic testing has been performed. The physician recommends behavioral training to improve her bladder control. What is the most likely diagnosis causing her symptoms?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat condition is the technique of psychological autopsy particularly useful in studying the causation of?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Suicide",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 18418,
"question": "What condition is the technique of psychological autopsy particularly useful in studying the causation of?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 31-year-old female presents to her gynecologist with spotting between periods. She reports that her menses began at age 11, and she has never had spotting prior to the three months ago. Her medical history is significant for estrogen-receptor positive intraductal carcinoma of the breast, which was treated with tamoxifen. An endometrial biopsy is performed, which shows endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. She reports that she and her husband are currently trying to have children. What is the next best step?\nA. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoopherectomy\nB. Partial, cervix-sparing hysterectomy\nC. Start combination estrogen and progestin therapy\nD. Start progestin-only therapy\nE. Observation with annual endometrial biopsies",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Start progestin-only therapy",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoopherectomy"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Partial, cervix-sparing hysterectomy"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Start combination estrogen and progestin therapy"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Start progestin-only therapy"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Observation with annual endometrial biopsies"
}
],
"index": 7104,
"question": "A 31-year-old female presents to her gynecologist with spotting between periods. She reports that her menses began at age 11, and she has never had spotting prior to the three months ago. Her medical history is significant for estrogen-receptor positive intraductal carcinoma of the breast, which was treated with tamoxifen. An endometrial biopsy is performed, which shows endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. She reports that she and her husband are currently trying to have children. What is the next best step?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA mother brings her 8-month-old child to your pediatric clinic with concerns of a rash. Physical exam reveals an erythematous, weeping rash involving bilateral cheeks and scalp. You prescribe a topical agent that is considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for this condition. What is a common concern that the mother should be alerted to regarding long-term use of this topical agent?\nA. Hyperpigmentation\nB. Skin atrophy\nC. Paresthesia\nD. Increased risk of melanoma\nE. Hypoglycemia",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "B. Skin atrophy",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Hyperpigmentation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Skin atrophy"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Paresthesia"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Increased risk of melanoma"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Hypoglycemia"
}
],
"index": 2507,
"question": "A mother brings her 8-month-old child to your pediatric clinic with concerns of a rash. Physical exam reveals an erythematous, weeping rash involving bilateral cheeks and scalp. You prescribe a topical agent that is considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for this condition. What is a common concern that the mother should be alerted to regarding long-term use of this topical agent?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nFor the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma, which of the following imaging modalities is ideal?\nA. Ultrasonography\nB. Computed tomography\nC. Nuclear scintigraphy\nD. Magnetic resonance imaging",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "B. Computed tomography",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Ultrasonography"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Computed tomography"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Nuclear scintigraphy"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Magnetic resonance imaging"
}
],
"index": 17397,
"question": "For the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma, which of the following imaging modalities is ideal?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat voltage range defines mega voltage therapy?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Greater than 1000 k volts",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 17371,
"question": "What voltage range defines mega voltage therapy?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nLarge painful ulcers seen in which grade of mucositis:\nA. Grade 1.\nB. Grade 2.\nC. Grade 3.\nD. Grade 4.",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Grade 3.",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Grade 1."
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Grade 2."
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Grade 3."
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Grade 4."
}
],
"index": 11702,
"question": "Large painful ulcers seen in which grade of mucositis:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nShadow test is used in\nA. Ophthalmoscopy\nB. Gonoioscopy\nC. Retinoscopy\nD. Keratometry",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Retinoscopy",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Ophthalmoscopy"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Gonoioscopy"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Retinoscopy"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Keratometry"
}
],
"index": 17118,
"question": "Shadow test is used in",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA female child presents to her pediatrician for a well child visit. Her mother reports that she is eating well at home and sleeping well throughout the night. She can jump and walk up and down stairs with both feet on each step. In the doctor’s office, the patient builds a six-cube tower and imitates a circle. She seems to have a vocabulary of over 50 words that she uses in two-word sentences. Her mother reports that the patient enjoys playing near other children and sometimes argues over toys with her older brother. On physical exam, she appears well developed and well nourished, and she is following along her growth curves. The child is assessed as developmentally normal.\n\nWhich of the following is an additional milestone associated with this child’s age?\nA. Balances on one foot\nB. Cuts with scissors\nC. Follows two-step commands\nD. Points to one body part\nE. Turns pages in book",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Follows two-step commands",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Balances on one foot"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Cuts with scissors"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Follows two-step commands"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Points to one body part"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Turns pages in book"
}
],
"index": 7559,
"question": "A female child presents to her pediatrician for a well child visit. Her mother reports that she is eating well at home and sleeping well throughout the night. She can jump and walk up and down stairs with both feet on each step. In the doctor’s office, the patient builds a six-cube tower and imitates a circle. She seems to have a vocabulary of over 50 words that she uses in two-word sentences. Her mother reports that the patient enjoys playing near other children and sometimes argues over toys with her older brother. On physical exam, she appears well developed and well nourished, and she is following along her growth curves. The child is assessed as developmentally normal.\n\nWhich of the following is an additional milestone associated with this child’s age?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 3-day-old newborn is brought to the physician because of abdominal distention, inconsolable crying, and 3 episodes of bilious vomiting since the previous evening. He was delivered at home at 40 weeks' gestation by a trained midwife. He has not passed meconium. Physical examination shows abdominal distention, a tight anal sphincter, and an explosive passage of air and feces on removal of the examining finger. Abnormal development of which of the following best explains this patient's condition?\nA. Muscularis mucosae and serosa\nB. Epithelium and lamina propria\nC. Submucosa and muscularis externa\nD. Epithelium and submucosa\nE. Muscularis mucosae and lamina propria",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Submucosa and muscularis externa",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Muscularis mucosae and serosa"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Epithelium and lamina propria"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Submucosa and muscularis externa"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Epithelium and submucosa"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Muscularis mucosae and lamina propria"
}
],
"index": 1808,
"question": "A 3-day-old newborn is brought to the physician because of abdominal distention, inconsolable crying, and 3 episodes of bilious vomiting since the previous evening. He was delivered at home at 40 weeks' gestation by a trained midwife. He has not passed meconium. Physical examination shows abdominal distention, a tight anal sphincter, and an explosive passage of air and feces on removal of the examining finger. Abnormal development of which of the following best explains this patient's condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most likely cause of this 32-year-old woman's impaired renal function, given her history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine, nephrotic syndrome symptoms, and renal biopsy showing diffuse capillary and glomerular basement membrane thickening?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Membranous nephropathy",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 1024,
"question": "What is the most likely cause of this 32-year-old woman's impaired renal function, given her history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine, nephrotic syndrome symptoms, and renal biopsy showing diffuse capillary and glomerular basement membrane thickening?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most important complication hazard associated with chorionic villous biopsy? \nAnswer: Abortion",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Abortion",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 14463,
"question": "What is the most important complication hazard associated with chorionic villous biopsy? \nAnswer: Abortion",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 43-year-old man with untreated HIV infection and a CD4+ T cell count of 105/µL presents with fever, shortness of breath, and a nonproductive cough for one week. Physical examination reveals bilateral crepitus over all lung lobes, and a chest radiograph shows bilateral infiltrates. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient’s condition?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 5515,
"question": "A 43-year-old man with untreated HIV infection and a CD4+ T cell count of 105/µL presents with fever, shortness of breath, and a nonproductive cough for one week. Physical examination reveals bilateral crepitus over all lung lobes, and a chest radiograph shows bilateral infiltrates. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient’s condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the composition of the second most common hemoglobin found in adults?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "a 2 d 2",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 12706,
"question": "What is the composition of the second most common hemoglobin found in adults?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 50-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia undergoes multiple chemotherapeutic regimens but does not enter remission. His oncologist suggests that he enroll in a trial for a new medication that causes intercalation of DNA during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Which anti-cancer agent has a mechanism of action most similar to this new medication?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Bleomycin",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 2334,
"question": "A 50-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia undergoes multiple chemotherapeutic regimens but does not enter remission. His oncologist suggests that he enroll in a trial for a new medication that causes intercalation of DNA during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Which anti-cancer agent has a mechanism of action most similar to this new medication?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nBehavioural problems caused by senility, drug damage, brain injury or disease, and the toxic effects of poisons are classified as __________ disorders\nA. Organic\nB. Substance use\nC. Psychotic\nD. Psychosomatic",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Organic",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Organic"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Substance use"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Psychotic"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Psychosomatic"
}
],
"index": 18292,
"question": "Behavioural problems caused by senility, drug damage, brain injury or disease, and the toxic effects of poisons are classified as __________ disorders",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 62-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room at a nearby hospital after being involved in a roadside accident in which she sustained severe chest trauma. Enroute to the hospital, morphine is administered for pain control. Upon arrival, the patient rapidly develops respiratory failure and requires intubation and mechanical ventilation. She is administered pancuronium in preparation for intubation but suddenly develops severe bronchospasm and wheezing. Her blood pressure also quickly falls from 120/80 mm Hg to 100/60 mm Hg. Which of the following best explains the most likely etiology of this complication?\nA. Autonomic stimulation\nB. Drug interaction\nC. Histamine release\nD. Skeletal muscle paralysis\nE. Underlying neuromuscular disease",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Histamine release",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Autonomic stimulation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Drug interaction"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Histamine release"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Skeletal muscle paralysis"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Underlying neuromuscular disease"
}
],
"index": 4549,
"question": "A 62-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room at a nearby hospital after being involved in a roadside accident in which she sustained severe chest trauma. Enroute to the hospital, morphine is administered for pain control. Upon arrival, the patient rapidly develops respiratory failure and requires intubation and mechanical ventilation. She is administered pancuronium in preparation for intubation but suddenly develops severe bronchospasm and wheezing. Her blood pressure also quickly falls from 120/80 mm Hg to 100/60 mm Hg. Which of the following best explains the most likely etiology of this complication?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nTreatment is not required in withdrawal of -a) Cannabisb) Alcoholc) Amphetamined) LSD\nA. b\nB. c\nC. ac\nD. ad",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. ad",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "b"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "c"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "ac"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "ad"
}
],
"index": 18258,
"question": "Treatment is not required in withdrawal of -a) Cannabisb) Alcoholc) Amphetamined) LSD",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat radiographic finding supports the diagnosis of an upper respiratory infection caused by parainfluenza virus in a 5-year-old boy presenting with barking cough, fever, and difficulty breathing?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Chest radiograph showing narrowing of upper trachea and subglottis",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 834,
"question": "What radiographic finding supports the diagnosis of an upper respiratory infection caused by parainfluenza virus in a 5-year-old boy presenting with barking cough, fever, and difficulty breathing?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the primary eligibility criterion for hospice care in a patient with advanced metastatic lung cancer and declining functional status?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "\"\"\"Your father is only eligible if his life expectancy is less than 6 months.\"\"\"",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 5435,
"question": "What is the primary eligibility criterion for hospice care in a patient with advanced metastatic lung cancer and declining functional status?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAuditory transmission is via:\nA. Lateral Lemniscus\nB. Lateral Geniculate body\nC. Medial Lemniscus\nD. Pretectal Nucleus",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Lateral Lemniscus",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Lateral Lemniscus"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Lateral Geniculate body"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Medial Lemniscus"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Pretectal Nucleus"
}
],
"index": 12656,
"question": "Auditory transmission is via:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 41-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with chest pain. She has had progressive substernal chest pain accompanied by weakness and mild shortness of breath for the past 2 hours. Her past medical history is notable for poorly controlled systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren syndrome, and interstitial lung disease. She was hospitalized last year with pericarditis presumed to be from SLE. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 106/56 mmHg, pulse is 132/min, and respirations are 26/min. On exam, the skin overlying the internal jugular vein fills at 9 cm above the sternal angle and distant heart sounds are appreciated. There is no friction rub. She is given 1000cc of intravenous fluids with no appreciable change in her blood pressure. An electrocardiogram in this patient would most likely reveal which of the following findings?\nA. Peaked T waves\nB. ST elevations in leads II, III, and aVF\nC. Polymorphic P waves\nD. Wide QRS complexes with no P waves\nE. QRS complex height variation",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "E. QRS complex height variation",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Peaked T waves"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "ST elevations in leads II, III, and aVF"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Polymorphic P waves"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Wide QRS complexes with no P waves"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "QRS complex height variation"
}
],
"index": 1550,
"question": "A 41-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with chest pain. She has had progressive substernal chest pain accompanied by weakness and mild shortness of breath for the past 2 hours. Her past medical history is notable for poorly controlled systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren syndrome, and interstitial lung disease. She was hospitalized last year with pericarditis presumed to be from SLE. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 106/56 mmHg, pulse is 132/min, and respirations are 26/min. On exam, the skin overlying the internal jugular vein fills at 9 cm above the sternal angle and distant heart sounds are appreciated. There is no friction rub. She is given 1000cc of intravenous fluids with no appreciable change in her blood pressure. An electrocardiogram in this patient would most likely reveal which of the following findings?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nIn a diagnosed case of IUGR, bih weight of the fetus can be increased by which of the following:\nA. Cessation of smoking\nB. Aspirin\nC. Ca++ and vitamin D supplement\nD. Bed rest in left lateral position",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Bed rest in left lateral position",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Cessation of smoking"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Aspirin"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Ca++ and vitamin D supplement"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Bed rest in left lateral position"
}
],
"index": 14609,
"question": "In a diagnosed case of IUGR, bih weight of the fetus can be increased by which of the following:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nCharacteristic translocation seen in Ewing's sarcoma:\nA. t(2;8)\nB. t (11;22)\nC. t (x;18)\nD. t (14;18)",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "B. t (11;22)",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "t(2;8)"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "t (11;22)"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "t (x;18)"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "t (14;18)"
}
],
"index": 14915,
"question": "Characteristic translocation seen in Ewing's sarcoma:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 40 year old male repoed with recurrent episodes of oral ulcers, large areas of denuded skin and flacid vesiculo-bullous eruptions. Which is the most impoant bed-side investigation helpful in establishing the diagnosis -\nA. Gram staining of the blister fluid\nB. Culture and sensitivity\nC. Skin biopsy and immunoflurescence\nD. Tzanck smear from the floor of bulla",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Tzanck smear from the floor of bulla",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Gram staining of the blister fluid"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Culture and sensitivity"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Skin biopsy and immunoflurescence"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Tzanck smear from the floor of bulla"
}
],
"index": 20000,
"question": "A 40 year old male repoed with recurrent episodes of oral ulcers, large areas of denuded skin and flacid vesiculo-bullous eruptions. Which is the most impoant bed-side investigation helpful in establishing the diagnosis -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most appropriate treatment plan for a 35-year-old man presenting with major depressive symptoms, including significant weight loss, early morning awakening, feelings of guilt, social withdrawal, and a history of fibromyalgia with daily pain?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Amitriptyline",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 2237,
"question": "What is the most appropriate treatment plan for a 35-year-old man presenting with major depressive symptoms, including significant weight loss, early morning awakening, feelings of guilt, social withdrawal, and a history of fibromyalgia with daily pain?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 59-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled hypertension presents with confusion and a severe headache. Her blood pressure is 202/128 mm Hg, and she is alert but oriented only to herself. Neurologic examination reveals no focal deficits. Noncontrast head CT is unremarkable, and brain MRI shows findings consistent with hypertensive encephalopathy. What is the next best step in management for this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "IV nicardipine",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 9488,
"question": "A 59-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled hypertension presents with confusion and a severe headache. Her blood pressure is 202/128 mm Hg, and she is alert but oriented only to herself. Neurologic examination reveals no focal deficits. Noncontrast head CT is unremarkable, and brain MRI shows findings consistent with hypertensive encephalopathy. What is the next best step in management for this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following muscles plays an impoant role in lifting the left foot off the ground while walking?\nA. Left gluteus medius\nB. Left gluteus maximus\nC. Right adductor longus\nD. Right gluteus medius",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Right gluteus medius",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Left gluteus medius"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Left gluteus maximus"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Right adductor longus"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Right gluteus medius"
}
],
"index": 13079,
"question": "Which of the following muscles plays an impoant role in lifting the left foot off the ground while walking?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 23-year-old woman presents for evaluation of a 7-month history of amenorrhea. Examination discloses bilateral galactorrhea and normal breast and pelvic examinations. Pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following classes of medication is a possible cause of her condition?\nA. Antiestrogens\nB. Gonadotropins\nC. Phenothiazines\nD. Prostaglandins",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Phenothiazines",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Antiestrogens"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Gonadotropins"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Phenothiazines"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Prostaglandins"
}
],
"index": 14577,
"question": "A 23-year-old woman presents for evaluation of a 7-month history of amenorrhea. Examination discloses bilateral galactorrhea and normal breast and pelvic examinations. Pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following classes of medication is a possible cause of her condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat percentage increase in forced expiratory volume after inhaled bronchodilator administration indicates a reversible obstructive pulmonary condition?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "12%",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 10169,
"question": "What percentage increase in forced expiratory volume after inhaled bronchodilator administration indicates a reversible obstructive pulmonary condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nAn anxious mother brings her daughter into the clinic on her 5th birthday. She was forwarded a recent email by her aunt that stated that the pesticide-coated fruit in school lunches is the number one killer in children in the modern era. You assure her that that pesticides are not the number one killer, nor are they even in the top three killers of children in this age group. What are the top causes of death of American children aged 5-9, in order from most common to least?\nA. Heart disease, malignant neoplasms, chronic lower respiratory disease\nB. Unintentional injury, congenital anomalies, homicide\nC. Unintentional injury, malignant neoplasms, congenital anomalies\nD. Malignant neoplasms, heart disease, unintentional injury\nE. Unintentional injury, suicide, malignant neoplasms",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Unintentional injury, malignant neoplasms, congenital anomalies",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Heart disease, malignant neoplasms, chronic lower respiratory disease"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Unintentional injury, congenital anomalies, homicide"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Unintentional injury, malignant neoplasms, congenital anomalies"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Malignant neoplasms, heart disease, unintentional injury"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Unintentional injury, suicide, malignant neoplasms"
}
],
"index": 2537,
"question": "An anxious mother brings her daughter into the clinic on her 5th birthday. She was forwarded a recent email by her aunt that stated that the pesticide-coated fruit in school lunches is the number one killer in children in the modern era. You assure her that that pesticides are not the number one killer, nor are they even in the top three killers of children in this age group. What are the top causes of death of American children aged 5-9, in order from most common to least?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 6-year-old girl presents with periorbital swelling, abdominal distention, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and heavy proteinuria. What is the most likely finding on light microscopy of a kidney biopsy specimen in this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Normal glomeruli on light microscopy",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 4392,
"question": "A 6-year-old girl presents with periorbital swelling, abdominal distention, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and heavy proteinuria. What is the most likely finding on light microscopy of a kidney biopsy specimen in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 52-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of fatigue, abdominal distension, and swelling of both legs for the last 3 weeks. His wife says that he lost some weight recently. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 12 years, for which he takes metformin and sitagliptin. He has a history of Hodgkin’s lymphoma which was successfully treated with mediastinal radiation 20 years ago. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He has a family history of type 2 diabetes in his father and elder sister. Vital signs include a blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg, a temperature of 36.9°C (98.4°F), and a regular radial pulse of 90/min. On physical examination, there is jugular venous distension, most prominently when the patient inhales. Bilateral ankle pitting edema is present, and his abdomen is distended with shifting dullness on percussion. An early diastolic knocking sound is audible on the chest. His chest X-ray is shown in the exhibit. Which of the following is the best treatment for this patient?\nA. Pericardiocentesis\nB. Ibuprofen, plus colchicine\nC. Pericardiectomy\nD. Pleurodesis\nE. Percutaneous aspiration with high-flow oxygen",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Pericardiectomy",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Pericardiocentesis"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Ibuprofen, plus colchicine"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Pericardiectomy"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Pleurodesis"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Percutaneous aspiration with high-flow oxygen"
}
],
"index": 7084,
"question": "A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of fatigue, abdominal distension, and swelling of both legs for the last 3 weeks. His wife says that he lost some weight recently. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 12 years, for which he takes metformin and sitagliptin. He has a history of Hodgkin’s lymphoma which was successfully treated with mediastinal radiation 20 years ago. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He has a family history of type 2 diabetes in his father and elder sister. Vital signs include a blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg, a temperature of 36.9°C (98.4°F), and a regular radial pulse of 90/min. On physical examination, there is jugular venous distension, most prominently when the patient inhales. Bilateral ankle pitting edema is present, and his abdomen is distended with shifting dullness on percussion. An early diastolic knocking sound is audible on the chest. His chest X-ray is shown in the exhibit. Which of the following is the best treatment for this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nVasanti, a 25-year-old-girl, presents with complaints of fever and weakness. On examination there is splenomegaly of 3 cm below the costal margin. Hb is 8 gm/dL, TLC is 3,000/mm3, platelet count is 80,000/mm3. Which of the following is the least likely diagnosis\nA. Acute lymphocytic leukemia\nB. Anemia of chronic disease\nC. Aplastic anemia\nD. Megaloblastic anemia",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Aplastic anemia",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Acute lymphocytic leukemia"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Anemia of chronic disease"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Aplastic anemia"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Megaloblastic anemia"
}
],
"index": 10433,
"question": "Vasanti, a 25-year-old-girl, presents with complaints of fever and weakness. On examination there is splenomegaly of 3 cm below the costal margin. Hb is 8 gm/dL, TLC is 3,000/mm3, platelet count is 80,000/mm3. Which of the following is the least likely diagnosis",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nSoap bubble appearance is shown by:\nA. Osteoclastoma\nB. Osteosarcoma\nC. Multiple myeloma\nD. Ewing's sarcoma",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Osteoclastoma",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Osteoclastoma"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Osteosarcoma"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Multiple myeloma"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Ewing's sarcoma"
}
],
"index": 17485,
"question": "Soap bubble appearance is shown by:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nBifurcation af trachea takes place at -\nA. T2 - T5\nB. C6 - C7\nC. C3 - C4\nD. T10 - T11",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. T2 - T5",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "T2 - T5"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "C6 - C7"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "C3 - C4"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "T10 - T11"
}
],
"index": 16263,
"question": "Bifurcation af trachea takes place at -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most appropriate immediate treatment to rapidly reduce the core body temperature in a patient presenting with severe heat stroke characterized by a temperature of 41°C, altered mental status, hypotension, and rhabdomyolysis?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Ice water immersion",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 6304,
"question": "What is the most appropriate immediate treatment to rapidly reduce the core body temperature in a patient presenting with severe heat stroke characterized by a temperature of 41°C, altered mental status, hypotension, and rhabdomyolysis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after sustaining a 5-cm deep stab wound at the level of T9 on his back. On examination, he withdraws his right foot to pain but is unable to sense vibration or determine the position of his right toe. Sensation in the left leg is normal, motor strength is intact in all extremities, and rectal tone is normal. Which spinal column structure is most likely affected in this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Posterior spinal artery",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 1092,
"question": "A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after sustaining a 5-cm deep stab wound at the level of T9 on his back. On examination, he withdraws his right foot to pain but is unable to sense vibration or determine the position of his right toe. Sensation in the left leg is normal, motor strength is intact in all extremities, and rectal tone is normal. Which spinal column structure is most likely affected in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 50-year-old man has a 2-year history of angina pectoris that occurs during exercise. On physical examination, his blood pressure is 135/75 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 79/min and slightly irregular. Coronary angiography shows a fixed 75% narrowing of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. He has several risk factors for atherosclerosis: smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Which of the following is the earliest event resulting from the effects of these factors?\nA. Alteration in vasomotor tone regulation\nB. Conversion of smooth muscle cells to foam cells\nC. Dysfunction from endothelial injury\nD. Inhibition of LDL oxidation",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Dysfunction from endothelial injury",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Alteration in vasomotor tone regulation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Conversion of smooth muscle cells to foam cells"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Dysfunction from endothelial injury"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Inhibition of LDL oxidation"
}
],
"index": 11754,
"question": "A 50-year-old man has a 2-year history of angina pectoris that occurs during exercise. On physical examination, his blood pressure is 135/75 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 79/min and slightly irregular. Coronary angiography shows a fixed 75% narrowing of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. He has several risk factors for atherosclerosis: smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Which of the following is the earliest event resulting from the effects of these factors?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 56-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of sexual dysfunction. He reports normal sexual function until 4 months ago when his relationship with his wife became stressful due to a death in the family. When asked about the details of his dysfunction, he claims that he is “able to get it up, but just can’t finish the job.” He denies any decrease in libido or erections, endorses morning erections, but an inability to ejaculate. He is an avid cyclist and exercises regularly. His past medical history includes depression and diabetes, for which he takes citalopram and metformin, respectively. A physical examination is unremarkable. What is the most likely explanation for this patient’s symptoms?\nA. Autonomic neuropathy secondary to systemic disease\nB. Damage to the pudendal nerve\nC. Medication side effect\nD. Psychological stress\nE. Testosterone deficiency",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "B. Damage to the pudendal nerve",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Autonomic neuropathy secondary to systemic disease"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Damage to the pudendal nerve"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Medication side effect"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Psychological stress"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Testosterone deficiency"
}
],
"index": 1624,
"question": "A 56-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of sexual dysfunction. He reports normal sexual function until 4 months ago when his relationship with his wife became stressful due to a death in the family. When asked about the details of his dysfunction, he claims that he is “able to get it up, but just can’t finish the job.” He denies any decrease in libido or erections, endorses morning erections, but an inability to ejaculate. He is an avid cyclist and exercises regularly. His past medical history includes depression and diabetes, for which he takes citalopram and metformin, respectively. A physical examination is unremarkable. What is the most likely explanation for this patient’s symptoms?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 45-year-old man with a history of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heavy alcohol use, and a significant smoking history presents with crushing substernal chest pain and ST elevation myocardial infarction. After cardiac catheterization and stent placement, he suddenly becomes less responsive with hypotension, tachycardia, and new back and flank pain. Physical exam reveals tenderness over the lumbar back and flanks, clear lungs, and no jugular venous distension. After fluid resuscitation, his blood pressure improves. What is the best next step in management?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "CT scan",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 6342,
"question": "A 45-year-old man with a history of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heavy alcohol use, and a significant smoking history presents with crushing substernal chest pain and ST elevation myocardial infarction. After cardiac catheterization and stent placement, he suddenly becomes less responsive with hypotension, tachycardia, and new back and flank pain. Physical exam reveals tenderness over the lumbar back and flanks, clear lungs, and no jugular venous distension. After fluid resuscitation, his blood pressure improves. What is the best next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nFolinic acid is given for which toxicity:\nA. Methotrexate\nB. Cisplatin\nC. Doxorubicin\nD. Cyclophosphamide",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Methotrexate",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Methotrexate"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Cisplatin"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Doxorubicin"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Cyclophosphamide"
}
],
"index": 11603,
"question": "Folinic acid is given for which toxicity:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis in patients without Urological abnormalities or urinary calculi?\nA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa\nB. Proteus mirabilis\nC. Escherichia coli\nD. Serratia marcescens",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Escherichia coli",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Proteus mirabilis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Escherichia coli"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Serratia marcescens"
}
],
"index": 10649,
"question": "Which of the following is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis in patients without Urological abnormalities or urinary calculi?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nSevere hypothermia in a neonate is a temperature:\nA. < 35 C\nB. < 34 C\nC. < 32 C\nD. < 37 C",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. < 32 C",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "< 35 C"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "< 34 C"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "< 32 C"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "< 37 C"
}
],
"index": 15514,
"question": "Severe hypothermia in a neonate is a temperature:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 21-year-old college student comes to the physician for intermittent palpitations. She does not have chest pain or shortness of breath. The symptoms started 2 days ago, on the night after she came back to her dormitory after a 4-hour-long bus trip from home. A day ago, she went to a party with friends. The palpitations have gotten worse since then and occur more frequently. The patient has smoked 5 cigarettes daily for the past 3 years. She drinks 4–6 alcoholic beverages with friends once or twice a week and occasionally uses marijuana. She is sexually active with her boyfriend and takes oral contraceptive pills. She does not appear distressed. Her pulse is 100/min and irregular, blood pressure is 140/85 mm Hg, and respirations are at 25/min. Physical examination shows a fine tremor in both hands, warm extremities, and swollen lower legs. The lungs are clear to auscultation. An ECG is shown below. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?\nA. Measure TSH levels\nB. Observe and wait\nC. Administer intravenous adenosine\nD. Measure D-Dimer levels\nE. Send urine toxicology",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Measure TSH levels",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Measure TSH levels"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Observe and wait"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Administer intravenous adenosine"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Measure D-Dimer levels"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Send urine toxicology"
}
],
"index": 10128,
"question": "A 21-year-old college student comes to the physician for intermittent palpitations. She does not have chest pain or shortness of breath. The symptoms started 2 days ago, on the night after she came back to her dormitory after a 4-hour-long bus trip from home. A day ago, she went to a party with friends. The palpitations have gotten worse since then and occur more frequently. The patient has smoked 5 cigarettes daily for the past 3 years. She drinks 4–6 alcoholic beverages with friends once or twice a week and occasionally uses marijuana. She is sexually active with her boyfriend and takes oral contraceptive pills. She does not appear distressed. Her pulse is 100/min and irregular, blood pressure is 140/85 mm Hg, and respirations are at 25/min. Physical examination shows a fine tremor in both hands, warm extremities, and swollen lower legs. The lungs are clear to auscultation. An ECG is shown below. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn which condition is Karion typically seen?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Dermatophystosis",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 19997,
"question": "In which condition is Karion typically seen?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 27-year-old man presents with a sustained sensation of room spinning (vertigo) that has been constant since this morning, accompanied by occasional nausea. He has bilateral hearing loss and nystagmus on examination. Positional maneuvers do not provoke his symptoms. His gait is unstable on tandem walking but normal otherwise. Given these findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Labyrinthitis",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 5954,
"question": "A 27-year-old man presents with a sustained sensation of room spinning (vertigo) that has been constant since this morning, accompanied by occasional nausea. He has bilateral hearing loss and nystagmus on examination. Positional maneuvers do not provoke his symptoms. His gait is unstable on tandem walking but normal otherwise. Given these findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nIn deep incised wounds, what do Langer's lines determine?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Gaping",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 16014,
"question": "In deep incised wounds, what do Langer's lines determine?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms given his presentation with confusion, fever, headache, meningeal signs, and cerebrospinal fluid showing normal opening pressure, clear fluid, increased lymphocytes, and slightly elevated protein?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Herpes simplex virus",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 2500,
"question": "What is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms given his presentation with confusion, fever, headache, meningeal signs, and cerebrospinal fluid showing normal opening pressure, clear fluid, increased lymphocytes, and slightly elevated protein?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 78-year-old man is brought in to the emergency department by ambulance after his wife noticed that he began slurring his speech and had developed facial asymmetry during dinner approximately 30 minutes ago. His past medical history is remarkable for hypertension and diabetes. His temperature is 99.1°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is 154/99 mmHg, pulse is 89/min, respirations are 12/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Neurologic exam reveals right upper and lower extremity weakness and an asymmetric smile. Which of the following is the next best step in management?\nA. Alteplase\nB. Aspirin\nC. CT head\nD. CTA head\nE. MRI brain",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. CT head",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Alteplase"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Aspirin"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "CT head"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "CTA head"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "MRI brain"
}
],
"index": 6736,
"question": "A 78-year-old man is brought in to the emergency department by ambulance after his wife noticed that he began slurring his speech and had developed facial asymmetry during dinner approximately 30 minutes ago. His past medical history is remarkable for hypertension and diabetes. His temperature is 99.1°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is 154/99 mmHg, pulse is 89/min, respirations are 12/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Neurologic exam reveals right upper and lower extremity weakness and an asymmetric smile. Which of the following is the next best step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe voice in a patient with Bilateral abductor paralysis of the larynx is\nA. Puberphonia\nB. Phonasthenia\nC. Dysphonia plicae ventricularis\nD. Normal or good voice",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Normal or good voice",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Puberphonia"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Phonasthenia"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Dysphonia plicae ventricularis"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Normal or good voice"
}
],
"index": 16353,
"question": "The voice in a patient with Bilateral abductor paralysis of the larynx is",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nPhage DNA becomes integrated with bacterial chromosome as prophage which codes new characteristics is referred to as\nA. Transformation\nB. Phage conversion\nC. Conjugation\nD. Transduction",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "B. Phage conversion",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Transformation"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Phage conversion"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Conjugation"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Transduction"
}
],
"index": 13767,
"question": "Phage DNA becomes integrated with bacterial chromosome as prophage which codes new characteristics is referred to as",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nDuring surgical removal of a large ovarian mass, which anatomical structure must be carefully protected to avoid injury?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Ureter",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 2771,
"question": "During surgical removal of a large ovarian mass, which anatomical structure must be carefully protected to avoid injury?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 17-year-old girl suddenly grabs her chest and collapses to the ground while playing volleyball at school. The teacher rushes to evaluate the situation and finds that the girl has no pulse and is not breathing. He starts chest compressions. An automated external defibrillator (AED) is brought to the scene within 3 minutes and a shock is delivered. The girl regains consciousness and regular sinus rhythm. She is rushed to the emergency department. The vital signs include: blood pressure 122/77 mm Hg and pulse 65/min. The pulse is regular. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a shortened PR interval, a wide QRS complex, a delta wave, and an inverted T wave. Which of the following is the most likely pathology in the conduction system of this patient’s heart?\nA. Automatic discharge of irregular impulses in the atria\nB. Impulse generation by tissue in atrioventricular node\nC. Wandering atrial pacemaker\nD. Accessory pathway from atria to ventricles\nE. Blockage in conduction pathway",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Accessory pathway from atria to ventricles",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Automatic discharge of irregular impulses in the atria"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Impulse generation by tissue in atrioventricular node"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Wandering atrial pacemaker"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Accessory pathway from atria to ventricles"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Blockage in conduction pathway"
}
],
"index": 2614,
"question": "A 17-year-old girl suddenly grabs her chest and collapses to the ground while playing volleyball at school. The teacher rushes to evaluate the situation and finds that the girl has no pulse and is not breathing. He starts chest compressions. An automated external defibrillator (AED) is brought to the scene within 3 minutes and a shock is delivered. The girl regains consciousness and regular sinus rhythm. She is rushed to the emergency department. The vital signs include: blood pressure 122/77 mm Hg and pulse 65/min. The pulse is regular. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a shortened PR interval, a wide QRS complex, a delta wave, and an inverted T wave. Which of the following is the most likely pathology in the conduction system of this patient’s heart?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 2-year-old girl presents with recurrent itchy, crusted eczematous rashes on her face and upper extremities since birth, along with a history of non-inflamed abscesses and distinctive facial features including thickened skin and a wide-set nose. Which gene mutation is most likely responsible for her condition?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "STAT3",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 3219,
"question": "A 2-year-old girl presents with recurrent itchy, crusted eczematous rashes on her face and upper extremities since birth, along with a history of non-inflamed abscesses and distinctive facial features including thickened skin and a wide-set nose. Which gene mutation is most likely responsible for her condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nIn Corynebacterium diphtheria\nA. Deep invasion is not seen\nB. Elek’s test is done for toxigenicity\nC. Metachromatic granules are seen\nD. Toxigenicity is mediated by chromosomal change",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Toxigenicity is mediated by chromosomal change",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Deep invasion is not seen"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Elek’s test is done for toxigenicity"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Metachromatic granules are seen"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Toxigenicity is mediated by chromosomal change"
}
],
"index": 20202,
"question": "In Corynebacterium diphtheria",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 17-year-old male, accompanied by his uncle, presents to his family physician with his arm in a sling. There is blood dripping down his shirt. He pleads with the physician to keep this injury \"off the books\", offering to pay in cash for his visit, as he is afraid of retaliation from his rival gang. The physician exams the wound, which appears to be a stabbing injury to his left anterior deltoid. How should the physician best handle this patient's request?\nA. Maintain confidentiality, as retaliation may result in greater harm to the patient\nB. Maintain confidentiality, as reporting stab wounds is not required\nC. Maintain confidentiality and schedule a follow-up visit with the patient\nD. Breach confidentiality and discuss the injury with the uncle\nE. Breach confidentiality and report the stab wound to the police",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "E. Breach confidentiality and report the stab wound to the police",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Maintain confidentiality, as retaliation may result in greater harm to the patient"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Maintain confidentiality, as reporting stab wounds is not required"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Maintain confidentiality and schedule a follow-up visit with the patient"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Breach confidentiality and discuss the injury with the uncle"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Breach confidentiality and report the stab wound to the police"
}
],
"index": 2741,
"question": "A 17-year-old male, accompanied by his uncle, presents to his family physician with his arm in a sling. There is blood dripping down his shirt. He pleads with the physician to keep this injury \"off the books\", offering to pay in cash for his visit, as he is afraid of retaliation from his rival gang. The physician exams the wound, which appears to be a stabbing injury to his left anterior deltoid. How should the physician best handle this patient's request?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 45-year-old woman is found to have multiple masses in her liver while performing abdominal ultrasonography for recurrent right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Biopsy of one of the masses discloses large plates of adenoma cells, which are larger than normal hepatocytes and contain glycogen and lipid. Regular septa, portal tracts, and bile ductules are absent. Which of the following is associated with this patient's condition?\nA. Polyvinyl chloride\nB. Carbon tetrachloride\nC. Aflatoxin\nD. Oral contraceptive pills\nE. Smoking",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Oral contraceptive pills",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Polyvinyl chloride"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Carbon tetrachloride"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Aflatoxin"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Oral contraceptive pills"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Smoking"
}
],
"index": 8352,
"question": "A 45-year-old woman is found to have multiple masses in her liver while performing abdominal ultrasonography for recurrent right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Biopsy of one of the masses discloses large plates of adenoma cells, which are larger than normal hepatocytes and contain glycogen and lipid. Regular septa, portal tracts, and bile ductules are absent. Which of the following is associated with this patient's condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 14-year-old boy presents with abdominal swelling, vomiting, and generalized abdominal pain for 24 hours. His vital signs are stable, and abdominal examination reveals diffuse swelling with active bowel sounds and mild tenderness without guarding or rebound. His leukocyte count is normal. An abdominal X-ray suggests a diagnosis requiring further evaluation. What is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Endoscopy",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 7488,
"question": "A 14-year-old boy presents with abdominal swelling, vomiting, and generalized abdominal pain for 24 hours. His vital signs are stable, and abdominal examination reveals diffuse swelling with active bowel sounds and mild tenderness without guarding or rebound. His leukocyte count is normal. An abdominal X-ray suggests a diagnosis requiring further evaluation. What is the most appropriate next step in management?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 3-year-old girl is brought to the physician for the evaluation of a 1-month history of episodes of irritability and occasional vomiting. The parents report that she has been drowsy during much of the day and has not engaged in her usual activities during this period. She was born at term and has been healthy. She is at the 60th percentile for height, 40th percentile for weight, and 90th percentile for head circumference. The patient is irritable and listless. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Ophthalmic examination shows bilateral optic disc swelling. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. A cranial CT scan with contrast shows enlargement of the ventricular spaces as well as a 4-cm enhancing solid mass with scattered calcifications within the 4th ventricle. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism for this patient's symptoms?\nA. Cerebrospinal fluid overproduction\nB. Edema of brain parenchyma\nC. Closed foramen of Magendie\nD. Impaired reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid\nE. Cerebrospinal fluid outflow obstruction",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "E. Cerebrospinal fluid outflow obstruction",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Cerebrospinal fluid overproduction"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Edema of brain parenchyma"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Closed foramen of Magendie"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Impaired reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Cerebrospinal fluid outflow obstruction"
}
],
"index": 9705,
"question": "A 3-year-old girl is brought to the physician for the evaluation of a 1-month history of episodes of irritability and occasional vomiting. The parents report that she has been drowsy during much of the day and has not engaged in her usual activities during this period. She was born at term and has been healthy. She is at the 60th percentile for height, 40th percentile for weight, and 90th percentile for head circumference. The patient is irritable and listless. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Ophthalmic examination shows bilateral optic disc swelling. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. A cranial CT scan with contrast shows enlargement of the ventricular spaces as well as a 4-cm enhancing solid mass with scattered calcifications within the 4th ventricle. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism for this patient's symptoms?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich drug administered to a newborn in the neonatal ICU is most likely responsible for causing respiratory distress?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Morphine",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 15532,
"question": "Which drug administered to a newborn in the neonatal ICU is most likely responsible for causing respiratory distress?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich condition is characterized by a soap bubble appearance on an abdominal radiograph?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Meconium ileus",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 17497,
"question": "Which condition is characterized by a soap bubble appearance on an abdominal radiograph?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 4-month-old boy presents with seizures, muscle hypotonia, and failure to thrive. Laboratory studies reveal elevated serum lactic acid and alanine levels. A functional assay shows decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in serum leukocytes. Considering his diagnosis, which amino acid supplementation should be avoided in this patient?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Valine",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 3518,
"question": "A 4-month-old boy presents with seizures, muscle hypotonia, and failure to thrive. Laboratory studies reveal elevated serum lactic acid and alanine levels. A functional assay shows decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in serum leukocytes. Considering his diagnosis, which amino acid supplementation should be avoided in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of pallor and increasing lethargy for 3 days. Six days ago, he experienced abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea that have since resolved. The family returned from a road trip to Mexico 4-weeks ago. His temperature is 38.8°C (101.8°F), pulse is 128/min, respirations are 30/min, and blood pressure is 96/60 mm Hg. Examination shows pale conjunctivae and scleral icterus. The abdomen is soft, nontender, and nondistended. Bowel sounds are hyperactive. Laboratory studies show:\nHemoglobin 7.8 g/dL\nMean corpuscular volume 92 μm3\nLeukocyte count 18,500/mm3\nPlatelet count 45,000/mm3\nProthrombin time 12 sec\nPartial thromboplastin time 34 sec\nSerum\nUrea nitrogen 32 mg/dL\nCreatinine 1.8 mg/dL\nBilirubin\nTotal 2.0 mg/dL\nDirect 0.1 mg/dL\nLactate dehydrogenase 1685 U/L\nA peripheral blood smear shows schistocytes. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of this patient's presentation?\"\nA. Bacteremia\nB. IgA Immune complex-mediated vasculitis\nC. Microthrombi formation\nD. Deficiency of ADAMTS13\nE. Infection with an RNA picornavirus",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Microthrombi formation",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Bacteremia"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "IgA Immune complex-mediated vasculitis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Microthrombi formation"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Deficiency of ADAMTS13"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Infection with an RNA picornavirus"
}
],
"index": 2361,
"question": "A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of pallor and increasing lethargy for 3 days. Six days ago, he experienced abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea that have since resolved. The family returned from a road trip to Mexico 4-weeks ago. His temperature is 38.8°C (101.8°F), pulse is 128/min, respirations are 30/min, and blood pressure is 96/60 mm Hg. Examination shows pale conjunctivae and scleral icterus. The abdomen is soft, nontender, and nondistended. Bowel sounds are hyperactive. Laboratory studies show:\nHemoglobin 7.8 g/dL\nMean corpuscular volume 92 μm3\nLeukocyte count 18,500/mm3\nPlatelet count 45,000/mm3\nProthrombin time 12 sec\nPartial thromboplastin time 34 sec\nSerum\nUrea nitrogen 32 mg/dL\nCreatinine 1.8 mg/dL\nBilirubin\nTotal 2.0 mg/dL\nDirect 0.1 mg/dL\nLactate dehydrogenase 1685 U/L\nA peripheral blood smear shows schistocytes. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of this patient's presentation?\"",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich modality is commonly used for superficial heat therapy?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Infrared lamp",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 15077,
"question": "Which modality is commonly used for superficial heat therapy?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 53-year-old diabetic man with cellulitis of the right lower limb presents to the emergency department because of symptoms of fever and chills. His pulse is 122/min, the blood pressure is 76/50 mm Hg, the respirations are 26/min, and the temperature is 40.0°C (104.0°F). His urine output is < 0.5mL/kg/h. He has warm peripheral extremities. The hemodynamic status of the patient is not improving in spite of the initiation of adequate fluid resuscitation. He is admitted to the hospital. Which of the following is the most likely laboratory profile?\nA. WBC count: 6670/mm3; low central venous pressure (CVP); blood culture: gram-positive bacteremia; blood lactate level: 1.1 mmol/L\nB. WBC count: 8880/mm3; high CVP; blood culture: gram-positive bacteremia; blood lactate level: 2.1 mmol/L\nC. WBC count: 11,670/mm3; low CVP; blood culture: gram-negative bacteremia; blood lactate level: 0.9 mmol/L\nD. WBC count: 16,670/mm3; low CVP; blood culture: gram-negative bacteremia; blood lactate level: 2.2 mmol/L\nE. WBC count: 1234/mm3; high CVP; blood culture: gram-negative bacteremia; blood lactate level: 1.6 mmol/L",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. WBC count: 16,670/mm3; low CVP; blood culture: gram-negative bacteremia; blood lactate level: 2.2 mmol/L",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "WBC count: 6670/mm3; low central venous pressure (CVP); blood culture: gram-positive bacteremia; blood lactate level: 1.1 mmol/L"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "WBC count: 8880/mm3; high CVP; blood culture: gram-positive bacteremia; blood lactate level: 2.1 mmol/L"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "WBC count: 11,670/mm3; low CVP; blood culture: gram-negative bacteremia; blood lactate level: 0.9 mmol/L"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "WBC count: 16,670/mm3; low CVP; blood culture: gram-negative bacteremia; blood lactate level: 2.2 mmol/L"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "WBC count: 1234/mm3; high CVP; blood culture: gram-negative bacteremia; blood lactate level: 1.6 mmol/L"
}
],
"index": 9768,
"question": "A 53-year-old diabetic man with cellulitis of the right lower limb presents to the emergency department because of symptoms of fever and chills. His pulse is 122/min, the blood pressure is 76/50 mm Hg, the respirations are 26/min, and the temperature is 40.0°C (104.0°F). His urine output is < 0.5mL/kg/h. He has warm peripheral extremities. The hemodynamic status of the patient is not improving in spite of the initiation of adequate fluid resuscitation. He is admitted to the hospital. Which of the following is the most likely laboratory profile?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 43-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with shortness of breath. She reports a 4-month history of progressively worsening difficulty breathing with associated occasional chest pain. She is a long-distance runner but has had trouble running recently due to her breathing difficulties. Her past medical history is notable for well-controlled hypertension for which she takes hydrochlorothiazide. She had a tibial osteosarcoma lesion with pulmonary metastases as a child and successfully underwent chemotherapy and surgical resection. She has a 10 pack-year smoking history but quit 15 years ago. She drinks a glass of wine 3 times per week. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 140/85 mmHg, pulse is 82/min, and respirations are 18/min. On exam, she has increased work of breathing with a normal S1 and loud P2. An echocardiogram in this patient would most likely reveal which of the following?\nA. Biventricular dilatation with a decreased ejection fraction\nB. Left atrial dilatation with mitral valve stenosis\nC. Left ventricular dilatation with an incompetent aortic valve\nD. Left ventricular hypertrophy with a bicuspid aortic valve\nE. Right ventricular hypertrophy with a dilated pulmonary artery",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "E. Right ventricular hypertrophy with a dilated pulmonary artery",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Biventricular dilatation with a decreased ejection fraction"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Left atrial dilatation with mitral valve stenosis"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Left ventricular dilatation with an incompetent aortic valve"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Left ventricular hypertrophy with a bicuspid aortic valve"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Right ventricular hypertrophy with a dilated pulmonary artery"
}
],
"index": 4931,
"question": "A 43-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with shortness of breath. She reports a 4-month history of progressively worsening difficulty breathing with associated occasional chest pain. She is a long-distance runner but has had trouble running recently due to her breathing difficulties. Her past medical history is notable for well-controlled hypertension for which she takes hydrochlorothiazide. She had a tibial osteosarcoma lesion with pulmonary metastases as a child and successfully underwent chemotherapy and surgical resection. She has a 10 pack-year smoking history but quit 15 years ago. She drinks a glass of wine 3 times per week. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 140/85 mmHg, pulse is 82/min, and respirations are 18/min. On exam, she has increased work of breathing with a normal S1 and loud P2. An echocardiogram in this patient would most likely reveal which of the following?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhich medication is considered safe for use during pregnancy?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Propylthiouracil",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 20516,
"question": "Which medication is considered safe for use during pregnancy?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA previously healthy 20-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 15 minutes after collapsing while playing basketball. He has no history of serious illness. On arrival, there is no palpable pulse or respiratory effort observed. He is declared dead. The family agrees to an autopsy. Cardiac workup prior to this patient's death would most likely have shown which of the following findings?\nA. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve\nB. Narrowing of the left main coronary artery\nC. Bicuspid aortic valve\nD. Ventricular septum defect\nE. Symmetric thickening of the left ventricle",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Narrowing of the left main coronary artery"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Bicuspid aortic valve"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Ventricular septum defect"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Symmetric thickening of the left ventricle"
}
],
"index": 633,
"question": "A previously healthy 20-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 15 minutes after collapsing while playing basketball. He has no history of serious illness. On arrival, there is no palpable pulse or respiratory effort observed. He is declared dead. The family agrees to an autopsy. Cardiac workup prior to this patient's death would most likely have shown which of the following findings?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat does IPC section 314 deal with?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Death of mother due to miscarriage",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 16081,
"question": "What does IPC section 314 deal with?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 72-year-old woman presents with a sudden onset of a diffuse, dull, throbbing headache accompanied by blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting. Her blood pressure is 185/110 mm Hg, and fundoscopic examination reveals bilateral blurring of the optic disc margins. Laboratory tests are unremarkable except for mild proteinuria. Based on this presentation, what is the most likely diagnosis?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Hypertensive emergency",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 7350,
"question": "A 72-year-old woman presents with a sudden onset of a diffuse, dull, throbbing headache accompanied by blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting. Her blood pressure is 185/110 mm Hg, and fundoscopic examination reveals bilateral blurring of the optic disc margins. Laboratory tests are unremarkable except for mild proteinuria. Based on this presentation, what is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most common anomaly of the upper urogenital tract?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Uretero pelvic junction stenosis",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 15476,
"question": "What is the most common anomaly of the upper urogenital tract?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most appropriate curative treatment for a 62-year-old man with splenomegaly, constitutional symptoms, teardrop-shaped red blood cells, a positive JAK2 mutation, and bone marrow findings consistent with primary myelofibrosis?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 8278,
"question": "What is the most appropriate curative treatment for a 62-year-old man with splenomegaly, constitutional symptoms, teardrop-shaped red blood cells, a positive JAK2 mutation, and bone marrow findings consistent with primary myelofibrosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nNot affected in multiple myeloma -\nA. IgG\nB. IgA\nC. IgM\nD. IgD",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. IgM",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "IgG"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "IgA"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "IgM"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "IgD"
}
],
"index": 10589,
"question": "Not affected in multiple myeloma -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nThe standard sutureless cataract surgery done with phaco-emulsificaton and foldable IOL has an incision of:\nA. lmm-1.5mm\nB. 2mm-2.5mm\nC. 3mm-3.5mm\nD. 3.5mm-4.5mm",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. 3mm-3.5mm",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "lmm-1.5mm"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "2mm-2.5mm"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "3mm-3.5mm"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "3.5mm-4.5mm"
}
],
"index": 17167,
"question": "The standard sutureless cataract surgery done with phaco-emulsificaton and foldable IOL has an incision of:",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 55-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of joint pain and stiffness for the past year. The pain is mainly concentrated in her hands and is usually worse towards the late afternoon. It is described with a burning quality that surrounds the joint with some numbness and tingling. The stiffness is especially worse in the morning and lasts approximately for 15-20 minutes. Her past medical history is significant for recurrent gastric ulcers. She reports that her mother struggled with lupus and is concerned that she might have the same thing. She denies fever, rashes, ulcers, genitourinary symptoms, weight loss, or bowel changes. Physical examination is significant for mild tenderness at the distal interphalangeal joints bilaterally. What is the best initial medication to prescribe to this patient?\nA. Acetaminophen\nB. Aspirin\nC. Hydroxychloroquine\nD. Infliximab\nE. Methotrexate",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Acetaminophen",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Acetaminophen"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Aspirin"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Hydroxychloroquine"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Infliximab"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Methotrexate"
}
],
"index": 8573,
"question": "A 55-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of joint pain and stiffness for the past year. The pain is mainly concentrated in her hands and is usually worse towards the late afternoon. It is described with a burning quality that surrounds the joint with some numbness and tingling. The stiffness is especially worse in the morning and lasts approximately for 15-20 minutes. Her past medical history is significant for recurrent gastric ulcers. She reports that her mother struggled with lupus and is concerned that she might have the same thing. She denies fever, rashes, ulcers, genitourinary symptoms, weight loss, or bowel changes. Physical examination is significant for mild tenderness at the distal interphalangeal joints bilaterally. What is the best initial medication to prescribe to this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nA 38-year-old man presents with progressive shortness of breath and a history of an untreated sore throat with fever and joint pains during childhood. On examination, an opening snap and diastolic murmur are heard on cardiac auscultation, and echocardiography confirms mitral valve involvement. What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism responsible for his condition?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Epitope homology",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 1181,
"question": "A 38-year-old man presents with progressive shortness of breath and a history of an untreated sore throat with fever and joint pains during childhood. On examination, an opening snap and diastolic murmur are heard on cardiac auscultation, and echocardiography confirms mitral valve involvement. What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism responsible for his condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 32-year-old woman presents to the office with complaints of intense anal pain every time she has a bowel movement. The pain has been present for the past 4 weeks, and it is dull and throbbing in nature. It is associated with mild bright red bleeding from the rectum that is aggravated during defection. She has no relevant past medical history. When asked about her sexual history, she reports practicing anal intercourse. The vital signs include heart rate 98/min, respiratory rate 16/min, temperature 37.6°C (99.7°F), and blood pressure 110/66 mm Hg. On physical examination, the anal sphincter tone is markedly increased, and it’s impossible to introduce the finger due to severe pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?\nA. Anorectal abscess\nB. Deterioration of the connective tissue that anchors hemorrhoids\nC. Rectal prolapse and paradoxical contraction of the puborectalis muscle\nD. Local anal trauma\nE. Inflammatory bowel disease",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Local anal trauma",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Anorectal abscess"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Deterioration of the connective tissue that anchors hemorrhoids"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Rectal prolapse and paradoxical contraction of the puborectalis muscle"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Local anal trauma"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Inflammatory bowel disease"
}
],
"index": 232,
"question": "A 32-year-old woman presents to the office with complaints of intense anal pain every time she has a bowel movement. The pain has been present for the past 4 weeks, and it is dull and throbbing in nature. It is associated with mild bright red bleeding from the rectum that is aggravated during defection. She has no relevant past medical history. When asked about her sexual history, she reports practicing anal intercourse. The vital signs include heart rate 98/min, respiratory rate 16/min, temperature 37.6°C (99.7°F), and blood pressure 110/66 mm Hg. On physical examination, the anal sphincter tone is markedly increased, and it’s impossible to introduce the finger due to severe pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA previously healthy 37-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 29 weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of colicky postprandial abdominal pain. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a uterus consistent in size with a 29-week gestation. Ultrasonography of the abdomen shows multiple 5-mm hyperechoic masses within the gallbladder lumen. Which of the following processes is most likely involved in the pathogenesis of this patient's condition?\nA. Accelerated gallbladder emptying\nB. Decreased caliber of bile duct\nC. Increased secretion of bile acids\nD. Overproduction of bilirubin\nE. Increased secretion of cholesterol\n\"",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "E. Increased secretion of cholesterol\n\"",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Accelerated gallbladder emptying"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Decreased caliber of bile duct"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Increased secretion of bile acids"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Overproduction of bilirubin"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Increased secretion of cholesterol\n\""
}
],
"index": 2889,
"question": "A previously healthy 37-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 29 weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of colicky postprandial abdominal pain. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a uterus consistent in size with a 29-week gestation. Ultrasonography of the abdomen shows multiple 5-mm hyperechoic masses within the gallbladder lumen. Which of the following processes is most likely involved in the pathogenesis of this patient's condition?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following is the most common initial manifestation of malignant hypehermia?\nA. Hyperkalemia\nB. Increased distal esophageal temperature\nC. Increased PETCO2\nD. Red discoloration of urine",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "C. Increased PETCO2",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Hyperkalemia"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Increased distal esophageal temperature"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Increased PETCO2"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Red discoloration of urine"
}
],
"index": 18132,
"question": "Which of the following is the most common initial manifestation of malignant hypehermia?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat condition is fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler most useful in evaluating?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Fetal anemia",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 20449,
"question": "What condition is fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler most useful in evaluating?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 34-year-old G3P2 presents at 33 weeks gestation with several episodes of bloody spotting and mild vaginal bleeding over the past 2 weeks. The bleeding has no specific triggers and resolves spontaneously. She does not report abdominal pain or uterine contractions. She has had two cesarean deliveries. At 20 weeks gestation, the ultrasound examination showed the placental edge to be 5 cm away from the internal cervical os. On examination at this visit, the vital signs are as follows: blood pressure, 110/70 mm Hg; heart rate, 89/min; respiratory rate, 15\\min; and temperature, 36.6℃ (97.9℉). The uterus is tender with no palpable contractions and streaks of blood are noted on the perineum, but there is no active bleeding. An ultrasound evaluation shows the placental edge 1 cm from the internal cervical os. Which of the following options best describes the placental position at each ultrasound?\nA. Normally lying placenta → marginal previa\nB. Low-lying placenta → partial previa\nC. Normally placed placenta → low-lying placenta\nD. Marginal previa → partial previa\nE. Low-lying placenta → marginal previa",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Normally lying placenta → marginal previa",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Normally lying placenta → marginal previa"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Low-lying placenta → partial previa"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Normally placed placenta → low-lying placenta"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Marginal previa → partial previa"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Low-lying placenta → marginal previa"
}
],
"index": 6048,
"question": "A 34-year-old G3P2 presents at 33 weeks gestation with several episodes of bloody spotting and mild vaginal bleeding over the past 2 weeks. The bleeding has no specific triggers and resolves spontaneously. She does not report abdominal pain or uterine contractions. She has had two cesarean deliveries. At 20 weeks gestation, the ultrasound examination showed the placental edge to be 5 cm away from the internal cervical os. On examination at this visit, the vital signs are as follows: blood pressure, 110/70 mm Hg; heart rate, 89/min; respiratory rate, 15\\min; and temperature, 36.6℃ (97.9℉). The uterus is tender with no palpable contractions and streaks of blood are noted on the perineum, but there is no active bleeding. An ultrasound evaluation shows the placental edge 1 cm from the internal cervical os. Which of the following options best describes the placental position at each ultrasound?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nA 48-year-old female suffers a traumatic brain injury while skiing in a remote area. Upon her arrival to the ER, she is severely hypoxemic and not responsive to O2 therapy. She is started on a mechanical ventilator and 2 days later upon auscultation, you note late inspiratory crackles. Which of the following is most likely normal in this patient?\nA. Type I pneumocytes\nB. Type II pneumocytes\nC. Chest X-ray\nD. Alveolar-arterial gradient\nE. Left atrial pressure",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "E. Left atrial pressure",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Type I pneumocytes"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Type II pneumocytes"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Chest X-ray"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Alveolar-arterial gradient"
},
{
"key": "E",
"value": "Left atrial pressure"
}
],
"index": 3329,
"question": "A 48-year-old female suffers a traumatic brain injury while skiing in a remote area. Upon her arrival to the ER, she is severely hypoxemic and not responsive to O2 therapy. She is started on a mechanical ventilator and 2 days later upon auscultation, you note late inspiratory crackles. Which of the following is most likely normal in this patient?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following is not a feature of rhinosporidiosis\nA. Bleeding polyp\nB. Oral dapsone is useful in treatment\nC. Excision with the knife is the treatment\nD. Russel bodies are seen",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "D. Russel bodies are seen",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Bleeding polyp"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Oral dapsone is useful in treatment"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Excision with the knife is the treatment"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Russel bodies are seen"
}
],
"index": 16457,
"question": "Which of the following is not a feature of rhinosporidiosis",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is an example of a prokinetic drug?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Domperidone",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 11338,
"question": "What is an example of a prokinetic drug?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nAt what stage of meiosis is the oocyte in a female child?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Prophase 1st meiotic",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 12444,
"question": "At what stage of meiosis is the oocyte in a female child?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nBulging fissures in lungs is seen in :\nA. Klebsiella pneumonia\nB. Staph pneumonia\nC. Pulmonary oedema\nD. Pneumoconiosis",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Klebsiella pneumonia",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Klebsiella pneumonia"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Staph pneumonia"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Pulmonary oedema"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Pneumoconiosis"
}
],
"index": 17300,
"question": "Bulging fissures in lungs is seen in :",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nIn PCR Acquaticus thermophilus is preferred over E.coli. because -\nA. Thermostable at temperature at which DNA liquefies\nB. Proofreading done\nC. Done in more precisely\nD. Does not require primer",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Thermostable at temperature at which DNA liquefies",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Thermostable at temperature at which DNA liquefies"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Proofreading done"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Done in more precisely"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Does not require primer"
}
],
"index": 13342,
"question": "In PCR Acquaticus thermophilus is preferred over E.coli. because -",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the most likely pulmonary complication to develop in a 67-year-old man with a history of glass manufacturing exposure, progressive shortness of breath, dry cough, fatigue, diffuse bilateral crackles, and chest x-ray findings of calcified hilar lymph nodes and scattered nodules in the upper lung fields?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Pulmonary tuberculosis",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 1793,
"question": "What is the most likely pulmonary complication to develop in a 67-year-old man with a history of glass manufacturing exposure, progressive shortness of breath, dry cough, fatigue, diffuse bilateral crackles, and chest x-ray findings of calcified hilar lymph nodes and scattered nodules in the upper lung fields?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nMost common cause of viral pneumonia in infant is ?\nA. Rhinovirus\nB. RSV\nC. Reovirus\nD. CMV",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "B. RSV",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Rhinovirus"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "RSV"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Reovirus"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "CMV"
}
],
"index": 13803,
"question": "Most common cause of viral pneumonia in infant is ?",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-rank
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process and then provides the user with an accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think>reasoning process here</think> answer here. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly list all possible answers in order from most likely to least likely. Start with \"# Final Answer\" followed by numbered lines using the format `n. answer` for each answer. Each item MUST contain only the answer without any explanation or reasoning.\n\nExample:\n<think>...</think>\n\n# Final Answer\n1. xxx\n2. xxx\n\nNow the user asks you to solve a problem.\n\nWhat is the national-level system that provides annual reliable estimates of fertility and mortality at both the national and state levels?",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "Sample registration system",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": null,
"index": 18960,
"question": "What is the national-level system that provides annual reliable estimates of fertility and mortality at both the national and state levels?",
"split": "train",
"type": "rank"
}
|
pittawat/medqa-medmcqa-mcq
|
[
{
"content": "You are a helpful and harmless expert clinical assistant. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the accurate answer. The reasoning process is enclosed within <think></think> tags followed by an answer, i.e., <think> reasoning process here </think> answer here. Now the user asks you to solve a problem. After thinking, when you finally reach a conclusion, clearly state the final answer in \\boxed{}. You always begins your answer with the choice, e.g., A., B., C., D., E. in the \\boxed{}.\n\nWhich of the following is not a common feature of Anorexia nervosa\nA. Binge eating\nB. Amenorrhoea\nC. Self perception of being fat\nD. Under weight",
"role": "user"
}
] |
medical
|
{
"ground_truth": "A. Binge eating",
"style": "rule"
}
|
{
"choices": [
{
"key": "A",
"value": "Binge eating"
},
{
"key": "B",
"value": "Amenorrhoea"
},
{
"key": "C",
"value": "Self perception of being fat"
},
{
"key": "D",
"value": "Under weight"
}
],
"index": 18465,
"question": "Which of the following is not a common feature of Anorexia nervosa",
"split": "train",
"type": "mcq"
}
|
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