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7,641 |
"some qualitative researchers argue that ""less is more"" in terms of sample size, since depth is more important than breadth [320].";;
|
[
{
"id": 8103,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 89,
"end_offset": 125
},
{
"id": 8104,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 40,
"end_offset": 81
}
] |
[
{
"id": 3640,
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}
] |
[] |
8,940 |
As the analyses exactly mirrored those in Experiment 1, we will report the findings in condensed form.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9266,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 104
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,329 |
In game theory local, random and small-world networks have not been appreciably explored yet, thus exact predictions on how these networks affect play are not available.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9655,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 171
}
] |
[] |
[] |
5,870 |
we expected that the interactive effect of inclusionary status and coplayers' group status would be mediated by people's attributions to racism.;;
|
[
{
"id": 8169,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 146
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,834 |
these papers typically assume that-in addition to the forces of individual within-group selection operating against the evolution of the altruistic trait-some sort of cultural evolution or gene-culture co-evolution interacts with selection at the group level to produce strongly reciprocal behavior.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6117,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 154,
"end_offset": 258
},
{
"id": 6118,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 262,
"end_offset": 298
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2781,
"from_id": 6117,
"to_id": 6118,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
7,057 |
ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6707,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 23
},
{
"id": 6708,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 41,
"end_offset": 80
},
{
"id": 6709,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 82,
"end_offset": 89
},
{
"id": 6710,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 91,
"end_offset": 102
},
{
"id": 6711,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 108,
"end_offset": 128
}
] |
[
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"id": 3034,
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"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 3035,
"from_id": 6707,
"to_id": 6709,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 3036,
"from_id": 6707,
"to_id": 6710,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 3037,
"from_id": 6707,
"to_id": 6711,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,267 |
Students were aged between 19 and 25 years (the legal age for drinking alcohol is 18 years in the United Kingdom), and 86% were Caucasian.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9593,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 140
}
] |
[] |
[] |
5,720 |
"first, participants in the lab are not likely to be close and communal with relative strangers (whereas they might respond communally automatically to other close partners; see häfner & ijzerman, 2011).";;
|
[
{
"id": 3159,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 204
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,551 |
Social value orientation does not moderate these effects.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9877,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 59
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,653 |
and halevy, weisel, & bornstein (2012) by showing that for all degrees of enmity, and even for morality-based outgroups, contributions in the ipd are lower than in the ipd-md games.;;
|
[
{
"id": 5612,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 183
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,759 |
ostracism, being ignored and excluded, is a common social experience that threatens fundamental human needs (i.e., belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence).;;
|
[
{
"id": 5920,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 9
},
{
"id": 5921,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 74,
"end_offset": 107
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2683,
"from_id": 5920,
"to_id": 5921,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
8,678 |
At the beginning of each period, each group member is endowed with 20 units.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9004,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 78
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,125 |
due to limited time and inexperience of the peer researchers, the research team facilitated the grouping of information by supplying a list of predetermined themes to consider.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6875,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 7,
"end_offset": 19
},
{
"id": 6876,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 24,
"end_offset": 60
},
{
"id": 6877,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 123,
"end_offset": 175
},
{
"id": 6878,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 123,
"end_offset": 175
},
{
"id": 6879,
"label": "effect",
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"end_offset": 119
}
] |
[
{
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{
"id": 3117,
"from_id": 6875,
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"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 3118,
"from_id": 6876,
"to_id": 6877,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
6,522 |
willingness to cooperate with other parties can smooth and expedite the path to consensus.;;
|
[
{
"id": 5235,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 43
},
{
"id": 5236,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 72,
"end_offset": 89
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2354,
"from_id": 5235,
"to_id": 5236,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,159 |
In the first stage of the experiment, subjects contribute voluntarily to a public good.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9485,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 89
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,233 |
Rilling, Sanfey, Aronson, Nystrom, and Cohen (2004) found that brain areas activated by social dilemma games overlap with areas activated by of.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9559,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 146
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,663 |
this paper's key conjecture is that the difference in the observed patterns of cooperation in the vcm game and the cpr game is caused by the nature of the strategic interaction.;;
|
[
{
"id": 5644,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 141,
"end_offset": 176
},
{
"id": 5645,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 40,
"end_offset": 123
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2550,
"from_id": 5644,
"to_id": 5645,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
7,417 |
therefore, institutional incentives are more powerful than peer incentives in promoting cooperation because the incentive institutions work although not all defectors are punished.;;
|
[
{
"id": 7581,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 112,
"end_offset": 179
},
{
"id": 7582,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 11,
"end_offset": 99
}
] |
[
{
"id": 3422,
"from_id": 7581,
"to_id": 7582,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,605 |
The purpose of our research was to examine basic questions concerning the performance of groups across different types of decision-making tasks.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9931,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 146
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,624 |
together these three experiments 51 have generated the first empirical evidence showing discrimination enhances belonging, and that threatened belonging leads to increased intergroup discrimination.;;
|
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{
"id": 8052,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 88,
"end_offset": 102
},
{
"id": 8053,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 103,
"end_offset": 121
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{
"id": 8054,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 132,
"end_offset": 152
},
{
"id": 8960,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 162,
"end_offset": 197
}
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"id": 3617,
"from_id": 8052,
"to_id": 8053,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 4134,
"from_id": 8054,
"to_id": 8960,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
5,991 |
ostracism by a computer lowers belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence.;;
|
[
{
"id": 3855,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 23
},
{
"id": 3856,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 31,
"end_offset": 40
},
{
"id": 3857,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 42,
"end_offset": 50
},
{
"id": 3858,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 51,
"end_offset": 62
},
{
"id": 3859,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 68,
"end_offset": 88
}
] |
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{
"id": 1712,
"from_id": 3855,
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"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 1713,
"from_id": 3855,
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{
"id": 1714,
"from_id": 3855,
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},
{
"id": 1715,
"from_id": 3855,
"to_id": 3859,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
6,720 |
this strategy effectively reduces multi col linearity problems by reducing the correlation between each of the main effects with the interaction variable in the regression equation (aiken & west, 1991).;;
|
[
{
"id": 5801,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 66,
"end_offset": 180
},
{
"id": 5802,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 26,
"end_offset": 62
}
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[
{
"id": 2626,
"from_id": 5801,
"to_id": 5802,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
6,935 |
"this entails an emotional pressure which, if not paced, can become out of control and rapidly cause fatigue and stress, and escalate to burnout (bayhan karapinar et al., 2016; waddill‐goad, 2019).";;
|
[
{
"id": 6363,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 17,
"end_offset": 55
},
{
"id": 6364,
"label": "effect",
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"id": 6366,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 125,
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"id": 6367,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 101,
"end_offset": 108
},
{
"id": 6368,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 113,
"end_offset": 119
}
] |
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"id": 2886,
"from_id": 6363,
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{
"id": 2888,
"from_id": 6363,
"to_id": 6367,
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},
{
"id": 2889,
"from_id": 6363,
"to_id": 6368,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2890,
"from_id": 6363,
"to_id": 6366,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
6,299 |
this is facilitated by the fact that group living not only provides resources for survival, but also provides access to a stable pool of potential mating partners (schaller, park, and kenrick, 2007).;;
|
[
{
"id": 4650,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 37,
"end_offset": 49
},
{
"id": 4651,
"label": "effect",
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"end_offset": 90
},
{
"id": 4652,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 101,
"end_offset": 162
}
] |
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{
"id": 2077,
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},
{
"id": 2078,
"from_id": 4650,
"to_id": 4652,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,361 |
These choices are made in a nonstrategic setting (i.e., the combinations of outcomes are in no way related to possible actions of the other-they only depend on what the participant chooses).;;
|
[
{
"id": 9687,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 192
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,200 |
although there are conflicting results, a mix of evidence suggests that in some situations, prosocial behaviors or behaviors that may result in increased social connection (e.g., obedience, riva, williams, torstrick, & montali, 2014) can be a result of rejection (for a review, see williams & warburton, 2005).;;
|
[
{
"id": 7055,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 92,
"end_offset": 124
},
{
"id": 7056,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 144,
"end_offset": 171
},
{
"id": 7057,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 253,
"end_offset": 262
},
{
"id": 8782,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 92,
"end_offset": 124
}
] |
[
{
"id": 3191,
"from_id": 7055,
"to_id": 7056,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 4040,
"from_id": 7057,
"to_id": 8782,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
6,712 |
compared to control condition and acceptance conditions, social exclusion led to perceiving life as less meaningful.;;
|
[
{
"id": 5778,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 57,
"end_offset": 73
},
{
"id": 5779,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 81,
"end_offset": 115
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2615,
"from_id": 5778,
"to_id": 5779,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
8,654 |
This suggests that it is likely that when adapting expectations subjects take all former observations into account, not only the most recent observation.;;
|
[
{
"id": 8980,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 155
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,084 |
first, the internal organization of web newsrooms (in particular the division of labor between editors and journalists) partly determines who is responsible for maximizing traffic.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6788,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 182
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,573 |
conclusions feedback suggests that the training enabled ppi partners to become active members of the research team in qualitative data analysis.;;
|
[
{
"id": 5357,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 39,
"end_offset": 68
},
{
"id": 5358,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 72,
"end_offset": 143
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2409,
"from_id": 5357,
"to_id": 5358,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
5,890 |
since first-mover cooperation is a kind move, reciprocal second movers should then be kinder (more cooperative) than predicted by their β. our result suggests the opposite.;;
|
[
{
"id": 3578,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 44
},
{
"id": 8175,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 57,
"end_offset": 92
}
] |
[
{
"id": 3689,
"from_id": 3578,
"to_id": 8175,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
7,329 |
other authors have reported [34] that different game structures can lead to different levels of cooperation and earning seems to have different effects in dictator and trust games [21,47].;;
|
[
{
"id": 7387,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 38,
"end_offset": 63
},
{
"id": 7388,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 76,
"end_offset": 107
},
{
"id": 7389,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 112,
"end_offset": 126
},
{
"id": 7390,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 134,
"end_offset": 179
}
] |
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"id": 3343,
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"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 3344,
"from_id": 7389,
"to_id": 7390,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,107 |
Whether out-group hate will emerge in the IPD-MD when the perceived target of threat is the group (e.g., using the Comparison frame) is up for future experiments to determine.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9433,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 177
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,647 |
In this sense taking was a free operant.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9973,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 42
}
] |
[] |
[] |
5,851 |
that is, players do not seem to be more likely to cooperate if their opponent might be expected to cooperate.;;
|
[
{
"id": 3488,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 9,
"end_offset": 59
},
{
"id": 3489,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 63,
"end_offset": 108
}
] |
[
{
"id": 1527,
"from_id": 3489,
"to_id": 3488,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
5,763 |
after participants had received bogus feedback about the harvesting decisions of a specific group member (i.e., 150 harvester vs. 100 harvester), they were asked to what extent they blamed this group member for the overuse.;;
|
[
{
"id": 3261,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 223
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,095 |
Differences are also significant under the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9421,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 100
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,499 |
this is congruent with the purpose of phenomenology to embrace the details of an individual's expressed experiences, describe them and understand their meaning rather than explore how those experiences are conveyed or what dialectical exchange influences those expressions.;;
|
[
{
"id": 7761,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 275
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,333 |
results of the mediation analyses are further consistent with the possibility that the social support non correspondence interaction was mediated by max rel, or participants' concern for maximizing the relative outcomes of their group.;;
|
[
{
"id": 8859,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 87,
"end_offset": 182
},
{
"id": 8860,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 187,
"end_offset": 234
}
] |
[
{
"id": 4077,
"from_id": 8859,
"to_id": 8860,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,091 |
three of these actors made all other decisions as instructed.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9417,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 63
}
] |
[] |
[] |
8,669 |
Both groups one and two rated the confederate as more trustworthy than did group three.;;
|
[
{
"id": 8995,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 89
}
] |
[] |
[] |
8,714 |
Simon G/ichter is a professor of economics at the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9040,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 92
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,030 |
manipulation checks and expectarions manipulation checks were designed to ascertain whether subjects (1) perceived the give-some game as involving losses and the take-some game as involving gains, and (2) were more risk seeking in give-some games than in take-some games.;;
|
[
{
"id": 3952,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 273
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,661 |
Still, legitimacy is regarded to be an important factor when considering people's willingness to cooperate, at least when considering irrigation management.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9987,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 158
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,111 |
optimism was measured, as it seems likely that being optimistic would be associated with the view that one's life has meaning, whereas pessimism might be associated with the opposite view.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6841,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 190
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,675 |
shame arises after a negative evaluation of the self, reflecting the appraisal that something is wrong or defective with one's core self (lewis, 1971).;;
|
[
{
"id": 5676,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 21,
"end_offset": 52
},
{
"id": 5677,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 5
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2565,
"from_id": 5676,
"to_id": 5677,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
7,258 |
tversky and kahneman (1974) demonstrated that in situations of uncertainty, people use cognitive heuristics to make decisions.;;
|
[
{
"id": 8812,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 49,
"end_offset": 74
},
{
"id": 8813,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 76,
"end_offset": 125
}
] |
[
{
"id": 4054,
"from_id": 8812,
"to_id": 8813,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
8,811 |
Policies that educate decision-makers on what to look for in a partner could benefit decision-makers.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9137,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 103
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,025 |
we did find that knowledge of game theory had a positive effect on the probability of cooperation (p = 0.009).;;
|
[
{
"id": 3941,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 17,
"end_offset": 41
},
{
"id": 3942,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 71,
"end_offset": 97
}
] |
[
{
"id": 1754,
"from_id": 3941,
"to_id": 3942,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
6,285 |
given the ceiling selling price of rm25,000 (usd12,500), the housing developers need to subsidize a net rm100,000 (usd25,000) per unit built.;;
|
[
{
"id": 4614,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 10,
"end_offset": 55
},
{
"id": 4615,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 88,
"end_offset": 140
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2059,
"from_id": 4614,
"to_id": 4615,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
5,755 |
a in group 12, although the contribution ratio does not change, cooperation collapses with all contributing 0 after period 14 (and except period 16).;;
|
[
{
"id": 3239,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 149
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,376 |
level; further, although Take-Some is significantly different from both Roulette and Matrix, these last two game formats are only marginally significantly different from each other (.05 < p < .10).;;
|
[
{
"id": 9702,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 199
}
] |
[] |
[] |
5,973 |
rug gier i psy uni be ch responded more negatively to being excluded from a ball-tossing game (cyberball: williams, cheung, & choi, 2000) than their non-victimized peers.;;
|
[
{
"id": 3803,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 172
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,366 |
Other OSS licenses, such as the BSD License, are less restrictive or, in other words, allow copies and derivatives to be used in proprietary software as long as the authors are acknowledged (see, e.g., http://www.openbsd.org/policy.html).;;
|
[
{
"id": 9692,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 240
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,669 |
All group members had a "personal fund" consisting of five tickets for each decision.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9995,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 87
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,598 |
Hence, we are somewhat reluctant with respect to the added value of such a replication.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9924,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 89
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,240 |
because belongingness is vital (baumeister & leary, 1995) and social exclusion thwarts the need to belong (williams, 2007), people are especially motivated to reconnect with others after being socially excluded (maner, dewall, baumeister, & schaller, 2007).;;
|
[
{
"id": 4508,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 8,
"end_offset": 30
},
{
"id": 4509,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 63,
"end_offset": 105
},
{
"id": 4510,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 124,
"end_offset": 210
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2015,
"from_id": 4508,
"to_id": 4510,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2016,
"from_id": 4509,
"to_id": 4510,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
8,681 |
In the ultimatum game, these roles are referred to as (2) proposer and (3) responder.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9007,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 87
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,828 |
clearly, additional focused research will be needed to understand when and why ostracism sometimes undercuts and sometimes enhances group members' task motivation.;;
|
[
{
"id": 8627,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 79,
"end_offset": 88
},
{
"id": 8629,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 123,
"end_offset": 162
}
] |
[
{
"id": 3962,
"from_id": 8627,
"to_id": 8629,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
7,204 |
editors could also introduce more stringent means of monitoring the ever-increasing use of quotes as research titles now appearing in academic journals.;;
|
[
{
"id": 8783,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 154
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,899 |
there was one occasion when the interview went longer than expected and i could not make a call to my friend (a contact person) due to a power outage, disrupting the network for the phone service.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6274,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 32,
"end_offset": 67
},
{
"id": 6276,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 137,
"end_offset": 149
},
{
"id": 6277,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 151,
"end_offset": 195
},
{
"id": 6278,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 71,
"end_offset": 108
},
{
"id": 6279,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 22
},
{
"id": 6280,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 151,
"end_offset": 195
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2847,
"from_id": 6274,
"to_id": 6279,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2849,
"from_id": 6276,
"to_id": 6277,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2850,
"from_id": 6280,
"to_id": 6278,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
8,766 |
Critically, religiosity was not related to greater compassion after controlling for positive affect and spirituality (r ϭ Ϫ.05, p Ͼ .10).;;
|
[
{
"id": 9092,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 139
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,559 |
In this section we describe a computer model of decision-making ( de Melo, Carnevale, Antos, & Gratch, 2011) that takes into account the counterpart's emotion displays and replicates findings from the first two studies reported in the previous chapter.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9885,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 254
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,422 |
by contrast, in a sh, a non-best response can involve play of both x and y, depending on beliefs.;;
|
[
{
"id": 4982,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 99
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,110 |
games 2011, 2 445 6. conclusions in the experimental literature on pgg, repetition of the one-shot game has been shown to decrease contributions.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6839,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 72,
"end_offset": 103
},
{
"id": 8731,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 131,
"end_offset": 144
}
] |
[
{
"id": 4013,
"from_id": 6839,
"to_id": 8731,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,088 |
Greed should also be related to impulsiveness and selfcontrol.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9414,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 64
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,313 |
confirming whether that distinction and the more general discrimination between different types of information make a difference in terms of cooperation in social dilemmas justifies further research.;;
|
[
{
"id": 8845,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 171
},
{
"id": 8846,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 172,
"end_offset": 198
}
] |
[
{
"id": 4071,
"from_id": 8845,
"to_id": 8846,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
7,308 |
implications for description as noted previously, providing richer context is important in the selection as well as the reuse process for qualitative data.;;
|
[
{
"id": 7309,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 157
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,482 |
my consistent over-riding experience was that i did not fit in as a researcher focused on evaluation of relational therapeutic practice with children and families.;;
|
[
{
"id": 5134,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 165
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,464 |
when transgressions occur, individuals typically react with negative thoughts toward the transgressor, the situation, and even themselves.;;
|
[
{
"id": 5087,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 25
},
{
"id": 5089,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 49,
"end_offset": 137
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2286,
"from_id": 5087,
"to_id": 5089,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
5,790 |
when these needs are lacking individuals experience pathological effects that are more significant than an impulsive distress response (baumeister & leary, 1995).;;
|
[
{
"id": 3324,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 11,
"end_offset": 28
},
{
"id": 3325,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 41,
"end_offset": 72
}
] |
[
{
"id": 1447,
"from_id": 3324,
"to_id": 3325,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
6,508 |
"furthermore, if participants are interested in the research topic or consider the research question to be important, they are more inclined to enroll (clark, 2010; keightley et al., 2014).";;
|
[
{
"id": 5200,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 17,
"end_offset": 116
},
{
"id": 5201,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 132,
"end_offset": 150
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2338,
"from_id": 5200,
"to_id": 5201,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,416 |
Future research is urged to examine whether our findings can be generalized to other types of social dilemmas that are prevalent in our society, and which form this acceptance will take.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9742,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 188
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,296 |
furthermore, the immediate distress of ostracism is accompanied by threats to at least four fundamental needs: belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence.;;
|
[
{
"id": 7289,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 171
}
] |
[] |
[] |
8,828 |
In our baseline, subjects are given an opportunity to "vote" to expel members out of the group after viewing contribution history from the previous 5 periods.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9154,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 160
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,033 |
prospective reflexivity seeks to help researchers grow their capacity to understand the significance of the knowledge, feelings and values that they brought into the field, the analytical lens they chose to use, and how this impacts findings (attia and edge 2017).;;
|
[
{
"id": 3957,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 23
},
{
"id": 3958,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 61,
"end_offset": 117
},
{
"id": 3959,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 119,
"end_offset": 171
},
{
"id": 3960,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 177,
"end_offset": 211
},
{
"id": 3962,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 216,
"end_offset": 241
}
] |
[
{
"id": 1761,
"from_id": 3957,
"to_id": 3958,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 1762,
"from_id": 3957,
"to_id": 3959,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 1763,
"from_id": 3957,
"to_id": 3960,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 1764,
"from_id": 3957,
"to_id": 3962,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
5,696 |
the trustworthiness of preexisting data is often questioned by opponents of the method, perhaps because the reliability and validity cannot be addressed in the same manner as quantitative data (shenton, 2004).;;
|
[
{
"id": 3109,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 109,
"end_offset": 192
},
{
"id": 3110,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 59
}
] |
[
{
"id": 1350,
"from_id": 3109,
"to_id": 3110,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,283 |
High and low dogmatism was defined by a median split of the scores.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9609,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 69
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,226 |
as leading medical journals such as bmc public health also publish open access study protocols before receiving the final results of the study, this provides an avenue for creating publication incentives for academics to provide access to the initial designs of their studies.;;
|
[
{
"id": 4482,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 59,
"end_offset": 142
},
{
"id": 4483,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 149,
"end_offset": 275
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2006,
"from_id": 4482,
"to_id": 4483,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
8,663 |
When the first part of the experiment was over, each subject was required to answer a computerized questionnaire, the purpose of which was to assess the subject's utility function over the range [0, IS 201.;;
|
[
{
"id": 8989,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 208
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,986 |
these tools encouraged creativity and clarity as students made sense of and worked to share, visually and verbally, their experiences.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6528,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 11
},
{
"id": 6529,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 23,
"end_offset": 33
},
{
"id": 6530,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 38,
"end_offset": 45
},
{
"id": 6532,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 58,
"end_offset": 133
},
{
"id": 6533,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 58,
"end_offset": 133
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2958,
"from_id": 6528,
"to_id": 6532,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2959,
"from_id": 6533,
"to_id": 6530,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2960,
"from_id": 6533,
"to_id": 6529,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
9,537 |
This main effect was qualified by the interaction reported below.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9863,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 67
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,242 |
"noc, m. and žumer, m. (2014), ""eliciting mental models of music resources: a research agenda"", information research, vol.";;
|
[
{
"id": 7154,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 127
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,944 |
women generally do not own livestock, but may acquire some as gifts from their fathers or close friends, in dowry, in bridewealth payments, and occasionally in trade.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6393,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 168
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,503 |
Reflexive control can be interpreted as the amount that a person can guarantee her or himself (payoff to self in Pruitt's DPD, Table 3a).;;
|
[
{
"id": 9829,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 139
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,827 |
we find that within-group cooperation is greater when the in-group has a shared experience of conflict than when the mlpg game is played without any prior history, while between-group cooperation is lower when two groups have previously been in conflict.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6095,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 13,
"end_offset": 48
},
{
"id": 6096,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 57,
"end_offset": 162
},
{
"id": 6097,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 170,
"end_offset": 204
},
{
"id": 6098,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 210,
"end_offset": 253
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2770,
"from_id": 6096,
"to_id": 6095,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2771,
"from_id": 6098,
"to_id": 6097,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
7,509 |
therefore, individuals may actually increase (rather than decrease) cooperation when they anticipate barriers to success so as to counteract the effect of upcoming barriers.;;
|
[
{
"id": 7792,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 85,
"end_offset": 172
},
{
"id": 7793,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 11,
"end_offset": 80
}
] |
[
{
"id": 3507,
"from_id": 7792,
"to_id": 7793,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
8,956 |
Following this example, 28 choice situations were presented and the participant was asked to choose the preferred alternative in each of these situations.;;
|
[
{
"id": 9282,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 156
}
] |
[] |
[] |
8,822 |
The variability in ultimatum game behavior across the groups in our study is larger than that previously observed in large-scale, industrialized societies (e.g., Camerer 2003, Ch. 2).;;
|
[
{
"id": 9148,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 185
}
] |
[] |
[] |
7,253 |
selfish behavior is not an explanation for why attractive people make more money.;;
|
[
{
"id": 7179,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 47,
"end_offset": 81
},
{
"id": 7180,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 16
}
] |
[
{
"id": 3249,
"from_id": 7180,
"to_id": 7179,
"type": "Rel_Zero"
}
] |
[] |
6,477 |
the future-life and cyberball paradigms differ in a variety of ways, any one of which might explain why exclusion in the former results in emotional numbing whereas exclusion in the latter results in emotional distress.;;
|
[
{
"id": 5120,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 104,
"end_offset": 127
},
{
"id": 5121,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 139,
"end_offset": 156
},
{
"id": 5122,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 165,
"end_offset": 188
},
{
"id": 5123,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 200,
"end_offset": 218
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2303,
"from_id": 5120,
"to_id": 5121,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2304,
"from_id": 5122,
"to_id": 5123,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
7,521 |
uncertainty and social dilemmas in the typical social dilemma experiment, group members make their decisions privately and anonymously, and group members are never informed about their fellow group members' decisions.;;
|
[
{
"id": 7819,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 219
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,897 |
"reaching health service managers with research"", information research, vol.";;
|
[
{
"id": 6269,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 80
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,957 |
despite the fact that fewer sanctions are applied and therefore sanctioning costs are lower under bp than under mp, bp results in higher average contributions.;;
|
[
{
"id": 6442,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 22,
"end_offset": 49
},
{
"id": 6448,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 64,
"end_offset": 91
},
{
"id": 6449,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 116,
"end_offset": 118
},
{
"id": 6450,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 137,
"end_offset": 158
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2924,
"from_id": 6449,
"to_id": 6450,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2925,
"from_id": 6442,
"to_id": 6448,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
6,845 |
the notion that researchers can 'protect' participants by keeping their identity a secret is particularly likely to be problematic in participatory action research (par), a paradigm for conducting scientific enquiry in equitable partnership with members of a marginalized community (yanar et al., 2016).;;
|
[
{
"id": 6144,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 15,
"end_offset": 54
},
{
"id": 6145,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 58,
"end_offset": 89
},
{
"id": 6146,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 119,
"end_offset": 169
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2789,
"from_id": 6145,
"to_id": 6144,
"type": "Rel_CE"
},
{
"id": 2790,
"from_id": 6145,
"to_id": 6146,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
8,703 |
.MONITOR: show PAYOFFS TABLE in poster and distribute PAYOFFS TABLE to participants. .;;
|
[
{
"id": 9029,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 88
}
] |
[] |
[] |
6,407 |
first, prior work has shown them to differ on their perceived severity as well as to result in different outcomes for at least one dependent variable (i.e., physical pain sensitivity, see bernstein & claypool, 2012).;;
|
[
{
"id": 4946,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 28,
"end_offset": 33
},
{
"id": 4947,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 85,
"end_offset": 149
}
] |
[
{
"id": 2213,
"from_id": 4946,
"to_id": 4947,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
6,651 |
at universities where there may not be faculty with training in qualitative methods, but who have students who want to do this kind of work, the broader cscw and hci research community has an opportunity to help train those students through the publication process.;;
|
[
{
"id": 5607,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 267
}
] |
[] |
[] |
9,572 |
n-i D= an k+1 k J a-P)fn-k-lan-k;;
|
[
{
"id": 9898,
"label": "non-causal",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 34
}
] |
[] |
[] |
5,996 |
sharing and maximizing mutual gains, on the other hand, could certainly explain the higher level of cooperation in sweden.;;
|
[
{
"id": 3868,
"label": "cause",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 35
},
{
"id": 3869,
"label": "effect",
"start_offset": 91,
"end_offset": 121
}
] |
[
{
"id": 1720,
"from_id": 3868,
"to_id": 3869,
"type": "Rel_CE"
}
] |
[] |
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