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Provide key stats about Venus in a bulleted list including days to orbit the sun, mean temperature, number of moons orbiting the planet, and primary element in its atmosphere | Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never far from the Sun, either as morning star or evening star. Aside from the Sun and Moon, Venus is the brightest natural object in Earth's sky, capable of casting visible shadows on Earth in dark conditions and being visible to the naked eye in broad daylight.
Venus is the second largest terrestrial object of the Solar System. It has a surface gravity slightly lower than on Earth and has a weak induced magnetosphere. The atmosphere of Venus consists mainly of carbon dioxide, and, at the planet’s surface, is the densest and hottest of the atmospheres of the four terrestrial planets. With an atmospheric pressure at the planet's surface of about 92 times the sea level pressure of Earth and a mean temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F), the carbon dioxide gas at Venus's surface is a supercritical fluid. Venus is shrouded by an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid, making it the planet with the highest albedo in the Solar System. It may have had water oceans in the past, but after these evaporated the temperature rose under a runaway greenhouse effect. The possibility of life on Venus has long been a topic of speculation but research has not produced convincing evidence thus far.
Like Mercury, Venus does not have any moons. Solar days on Venus, with a length of 117 Earth days, are just about half as long as its solar year, orbiting the Sun every 224.7 Earth days. This Venusian daylength is a product of it rotating against its orbital motion, halving its full sidereal rotation period of 243 Earth days, the longest of all the Solar System planets. Venus and Uranus are the only planets with such a retrograde rotation, making the Sun move in their skies from their western horizon to their eastern. The orbit of Venus around the Sun is the closest to Earth's orbit, bringing them closer than any other pair of planets. This occurs during inferior conjunction with a synodic period of 1.6 years. However, Mercury is more frequently the closest to each. | - 224.7 Earth days to orbit the sun
- Mean temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F)
- No moons orbit Venus
- Carbon dioxide is the primary element in the atmosphere |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's speech to the Congress this week was as eagerly anticipated in Tehran as it was in Washington. The Iranian reaction to the speech has been a combination of indignation and indifference. While some of Netanyahu's remarks are already being exploited by competing factions within the Iranian state, the likeliest impact of the speech is tied to Netanyahu's baseless charge that Iran's vendetta against the Jewish people is an ancient mission. The earliest official reactions were predictably the most vigorous in denouncing Netanyahu's message to the American people. Ali Larijani, the powerful speaker of the Iranian parliament, painted Netanyahu as the leader of a "tin pot regime" that is not as concerned about Iran's nuclear program as it is of Tehran's growing regional influence. The hardline Kayhan newspaper, the key official outlet linked to the office of Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, called the speech "trash talking" but it also made sure to use it an ammunition against its rivals in the moderate faction. The paper, skeptical of President Hassan Rouhani's nuclear negotiations with the Americans from the beginning, said Netanyahu's comments present an awkward truth for the pro-negotiation faction in Tehran: the Israeli leader and his American supporters are openly signaling the dispute with Iran can only be resolved once there is a change of regime there. Iranian media coverage of Netanyahu's speech mentioned the controversy in the U.S. around its timing but the hardline outlets warned against reading too much into it. As one hardline newspaper, Khorasan, put it, "although it is undeniable that Obama and Netanyahu disagree on Iran, the [recent] remarks of the two [leaders] shows that they both seek the same goal." The idea that the U.S. and Israel share the same strategic goal to rein in Iran but are in disagreement about how to achieve it is the cornerstone of the hardliners' stance in Tehran. The moderate outlets, supportive of President Rouhani, have put a different spin on Netanyahu's speech. Unlike the hardliners, they are not painting the Obama-Netanyahu fallout as some orchestrated good cop-bad cop ploy to maximize concessions from Tehran. Instead, they emphasize that there is a genuine difference in opinion between the U.S. and Israel. The moderate faction sees the controversy around Netanyahu's speech to the Congress and his failure to squeeze the Obama White House to toughen its negotiation terms with Tehran as an indication that Netanyahu is the one who is isolated. The hardliners and the moderates were in full agreement on one point, and that was the delight they shared about the absence of some 60 out of 232 Democratic members of the Congress from Netanyahu's speech. It is too early to gain a good insight into the reaction of ordinary Iranians to Netanyahu's speech. But one aspect of his speech is bound to create backlash among ordinary Iranians outside the corridors of the state: his invocation of festival of Purim, which commemorates the salvation of Jewish people in ancient Persia. The historic event is recorded in the Book of Esther but Netanyahu's characterization implied that the Persian people's history of anti-Semitism and the pursuit of agenda to destroy the Jewish people is an ancient mission. "Today the Jewish people face another attempt by yet another Persian potentate to destroy us," Netanyahu said. With that line, he put the ruling Islamists in Tehran on par with ruling Persian empires that have come before them. As is already evident in the Persian-language social media, this will not go down well with ordinary Iranians, many of whom are not supporters of the Islamist system in Tehran and will resent the charge of eternal Persian anti-Semitism. They wish Netanyahu had made more effort to distinguish between the Islamist rulers in Tehran -- many of whom undoubtedly harbor anti-Semitic views -- and the people of Iran whose history with the Jewish nation is far more amicable than Netanyahu's portrayal of history suggests. What is more instantly measurable is the impact of Netanyahu's speech among officials in Tehran. The Iranian response to Netanyahu's speech to the Congress is best described as one that reflects the clash of visions between moderates and hardliners in the echelons of power. For the moderates, the controversy around his speech and the cold-shoulder Netanyahu got from the White House is itself a vindication of President Rouhani's gamble on reaching a diplomatic solution to Iran's 12-year nuclear saga. The hardliners have been quick to paint Netanyahu's visit to Washington as an example of the insincerity of the Americans in dealing with Iran, but not even the hawks in Tehran are claiming that Netanyahu's presence in the U.S. Congress is grounds to shift Iran's nuclear diplomatic strategy. | Iranians met Netanyahu's speech with indignation, indifference, writes Alex Vatanka . Moderates believe Obama's cold shoulder is vindication of Rouhani's strategy, he says . Hardliners suggest the speech shows U.S. insincerity but have not argued against talks . |
From the passage provided, what does Adam M. Grant do? | Adam M. Grant (born August 13, 1981) is an American popular science author, and professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania specializing in organizational psychology. | Adam M. Grant is an American author and professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania who specializes in organizational psychology. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Anthony Pettis is expecting a tough night as he defends his lightweight title against Rafael dos Anjos. Pettis makes only his second defence of the belt he won against Benson Henderson 18 months ago as he headlines UFC 185 in Dallas. And although he is predicting a knockout, the American knows he won't have it all his own way. Anthony Pettis (left) goes face-to-face with Rafael dos Anjos at Friday night's weigh-in in Dallas . The American looked in fantastic shape as he took to the scales in front of the world's media . An Octagon girl greets the fighters at the weigh-in . 'The pressure is on. When all these people support you, you want to be able to perform. 'He's probably the most dangerous guy in the division in my opinion. I think he’ s a great competitor. He’s got a solid, well-rounded game, he’s a great kickboxer, amazing jujitsu, I just feel like his biggest strength is his heart. He doesn’t quit, he just keeps coming.. 'His biggest weakness is that he’s never fought a guy like me. I feel like my angles and the things I throw in the Octagon are second to none. My prediction - knockout. I need a knockout, it’s been a long time since my last knockout and I’m not going past the first round. 'He's a good fighter, but I'm a great fighter.' Dos Anjos has won his last three bouts, including a stunning first-round knockout of Henderson last August. And he has no fear about being the underdog once again. 'I am going to go in there and take my belt,' he said. 'I do not know how the fight is going to go, but I know it will not go to the judges. I will not allow the judges to decide and it will not go five rounds. 'I will pressure him like I pressure all my fights. I will be ready for his style and he will not be ready for my power. I am going in there to take my belt. That is all I want from him. 'I am very excited to be the first lightweight champion from Brazil. The belt has a date to be mine and that will be Saturday. It's in God's hands. 'It does not bother me to be an underdog. I am an underdog in most of my fights. Maybe it is a good thing for me, he has all the pressure.' American Carla Esparza faces off with her Polish opponent Joanna Jedrzejczy ahead of their title fight . The American fighter smiles to the camera during the weigh-in. She has vowed to end the bout in 14 seconds . Polish fighter Jedrzejczyk poses on the scales . In Saturday's co-main event, Joanna Jedrzejczyk bids to become the first European female UFC champion when she takes on Carla Esparza for the strawweight title. 'They [the fans] see me as the champion because I'm going to be on Saturday anyway,' she said. 'I think Carla is just focused on her wrestling and I've already shown I can beat that. So, good luck to her. 'The UFC saw that I'm ready and I can handle it [the title shot]. I was born for this. I'm comfortable and I'm treating it as any other fight.' But Esparza plans to upset the Pole's party with an early finish. 'I'm hoping the fight is going to go how everyone thinks it'll go; grappler takes striker down and grappler wins. My goal is to do it in under 14 seconds,' she said. 'I feel like I'm most likely going to have the strength advantage; I feel like with longer, lankier athletes they're not as strong as athletes with my build. 'I only care about winning fights; I don’t care about the hype or promotion behind it. If I'm not the champ the hype and talk doesn't matter. 'I think female MMA is the biggest female sport out there. We're being put on the same stage as the men and sometimes headlining in Ronda [Rousey’s] case. We're on top right now.' | Anthony Pettis will defend his lightweight title against Rafael dos Anjos . He is predicting a knockout win, but has hailed Dos Anjos' strengths . Dos Anjos won his three last bouts including a KO of Benson Henderson . But the Brazilian will go into Saturday's title fight as the underdog . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the hair-raising moment two motorcyclists narrowly avoid a road accident mid-ride. A body camera attached to one of the bikers shows them winding through the California hills. But all of a sudden as they turn a blind corner, they come across a stationary BMW car. The duo are forced to swerve out of the way to avoid hitting the parked vehicle. One ventures over to the wrong side of the road while the other veers into the hard shoulder with a steep drop just inches away. Luckily the two cyclists manage to navigate the BMW safely. After the near-crash the motorbiker wearing the camera is seen pulling over into the driveway of a house. Lookout ahead: This is the hair-raising moment two motorcyclists narrowly avoid a road accident mid-ride . Sunny ride: A body camera attached to one of the bikers shows them winding through the California hills . Road hazard: But all of a sudden as they turn a blind corner, they come across a stationary BMW car . Despite avoiding collision, he still appears to be furious. 'Are you f***ing stupid?' he shouts back to the driver of the BMW. The bikers uploaded the clip online to serve as a warning to other road users. To date it has been watched more than 90,000 times. | A body camera attached to one of the bikers shows them winding through the California hills . But all of a sudden as they turn a blind corner, they come across a stationary BMW car . The bikers uploaded the clip online to serve as a warning to others . To date it has been watched more than 90,000 times . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Esfahan, Iran (CNN)If you're looking for the Jewish community in the Iranian town of Esfahan, you won't have to search for long. The main synagogue is on Palestine Square, right in the heart of Iran's third largest city. There are public prayers several times a day -- sometimes with more than a hundred people in attendance. The Jewish community in Iran does not hide its heritage. At the synagogue, Michael Malakon leads the prayer service. He says he is proud of his Jewish identity. And even in a country that is so hostile towards Israel, Malakon says he can practice freely and that he has many Muslim friends. "I hang around with all kinds of young people and I have a lot of Muslim friends," Malakon tells CNN after finishing the noon prayer on a Monday. About 20 people were in attendance, usually from local businesses around the synagogue. None of them tried to hide the fact that they were Jewish -- and inside the synagogue the Star of David is proudly displayed in many places, alongside passages from the Torah. There have been Jews in Iran for more than 2,500 years. Many left the country after the Islamic Revolution in 1979 that brought Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to power. Khomeini said Iran wanted to destroy Israel, but he also issued a fatwa, a religious decree, saying that Iranian Jews were different to those in Israel and should be considered an integral part of the Islamic Republic. Sion Mahgrefte is the head of the Jewish community in Esfahan. He declined to comment directly on political matters, especially in the current heated environment, but he did say that the members of his community felt very much at home in Iran. "Israel and Iran are countries," he said. "And we consider ourselves Iranian Jews, not Israeli Jews. So the hostilities between Israel and Iran do not affect us." There is even a Jewish representative in Iran's parliament. And aside from the vibrant Jewish community in Esfahan -- there are 13 synagogues in the city -- there are also several Orthodox Cathedrals representing a sizable Christian community. Most of Esfahan's Jews are business people. In the center of town there is a shopping mall, known to people here as the "Jewish Passage" because so many businesses are Jewish-owned. When our crew arrived there they found Muslim and Jewish shop owners joking around. One of them is Said Shemyon, who owns a clothing store. His friends call him "Mordechai," and he showed us some Hebrew prayer books he always keeps in the store. Like most others, Shemyon was not keen to talk about Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's recent address to U.S. Congress, or the problems between Israel and Iran. He says those politics have no place here. "We just want peace," he said. "We really hope that all these problems can be solved one day, God willing. We are just hoping for unity and peace." There are about 1,500 Jews in Esfahan these days. The community's leaders conduct religious studies for the younger members of the congregation. While Sion Mahgrefte is adamant that they have no problems with their Shia neighbors, he does acknowledge that friends living abroad often worry about them. "Of course sometimes people we know who live in Israel or elsewhere are very concerned about us, and they tell us we are crazy to live here," he says. "But then we tell them how things are and they calm down." | Jews have been living in Iran for more than 2,500 years . 1,500 Jews call Esfahan home despite tensions between Iran and Israel . Community leader: "Israel and Iran are countries, and we consider ourselves Iranian Jews" |
What is the plot of the movie The Quiet Family | The Quiet Family (Korean: 조용한 가족; RR: Joyonghan Gajok) is a 1998 South Korean black comedy horror film directed by Kim Jee-woon. The story centers on a family who owns a hunting lodge in a remote area, whose customers always happen to end up dying. Among the film's main cast are pre-stardom Choi Min-sik and Song Kang-ho.
The film was loosely remade in Japanese as The Happiness of the Katakuris by Takashi Miike, in Indian Tamil as Yaamirukka Bayamey, in Kannada as Namo Bhootatma and in Telugu as Next Nuvve. | The Quiet Family is a 1998 South Korean black comedy horror film directed by Kim Jee-woon. The story centers on a family who owns a hunting lodge in a remote area, whose customers always happen to end up dying. Among the film's main cast are pre-stardom Choi Min-sik and Song Kang-ho.
The film was loosely remade in Japanese as The Happiness of the Katakuris by Takashi Miike, in Indian Tamil as Yaamirukka Bayamey, in Kannada as Namo Bhootatma and in Telugu as Next Nuvve. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jonny Brownlee sprinted to victory as he claimed gold in the second round of the World Triathlon Series in Auckland on Sunday. The 24-year-old Olympic bronze medallist maintained a challenging position throughout the race after coming home fifth following a disappointing opening race in Abu Dhabi earlier this month. But, in New Zealand, Brownlee burst out of the second transition and established an immediate lead over world champion Javier Gomez of Spain and Frenchman Pierre Le Corre, while current world number one Mario Mola of Spain was a minute down by this stage. Jonny Brownlee sprinted to victory as he claimed gold in the second round of the World Triathlon Series . Though the final stages of the 10-kilometre run brought with them heavy rain, Brownlee reached the final corner clear of his rivals and celebrated along with the crowd over the final few metres before crossing the line in a sprint finish with a time of one hour 55 minutes and 26 seconds ahead of Gomez and third-placed Le Corre. Jonny's brother Alistair missed the race because of a minor ankle injury but, with Olympic qualification to be decided in August and September at the test event in Rio and the world series Grand Final in Chicago, none of the leading triathletes will want to peak too soon. Alastair is hopeful of a return in time for the fourth round in Cape Town late next month. Browlee was visibly delighted with victory and said: 'In (the previous round in) Abu Dhabi I made many mistakes, and I've been beating myself up about it for the last few weeks. I've been training hard because I didn't want to do that again, and I wanted to be able to show how good I was. 'I really enjoyed it, I felt good and I'm pleased to win.' The West Yorkshireman added on Twitter: 'Very happy to win #AucklandWTS today. It is a honest triathlon course. Just like the Yorkshire hill's!' Brownlee now takes up the world number one ranking which he carries to the next round on Australia's Gold Coast in a fortnight. In the women's race, Lucy Hall came home 17th to finish just under five minutes behind eventual winner Gwen Jorgensen of the United States. Leicestershire's Hall came home in a time of 2:14.10 but fellow Briton Jessica Learmonth suffered a mechanical issue during the bike ride and was forced to withdraw from the race. | Jonny Brownlee won the second round of the World Triathlon Series . He finished ahead of Spain's Javier Gomez and France's Pierre Le Corre . Brownlee takes world No 1 ranking despite disappointing first round . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A California thief gave himself away by binge watching on his victim's Netflix account. Bobby Alexander is behind bars after police used the information to trace the IP address leading them to the 20-year-old's home. The unidentified victim says that it all started when she returned home to find someone had broken in and made off with her television, Blu-ray player, and other electronics. Bobby Alexander is behind bars after police used the information to trace the IP address leading them to the 20-year-old's home . Fox News reports that she noticed her Netflix account was being used a few days later. Police found all the stolen items in Alexander's home. He has since been charged with burglary. Police did not say exactly what the thief had been streaming . There's no word on exactly what he was watching that kept him glued to the screen. Alexander's bail is set at $75,000. | Bobby Alexander is behind bars after police used the information to trace the IP address leading them to the 20-year-old's home . Woman came home to find Alexander had stolen her TV, Blu-ray player and several electronics . Is currently being held on $75,000 bail . |
Given this paragraph about Riot Games' history, which game was used an indication that games could be supported and monetized long-term? | Riot Games' founders Brandon "Ryze" Beck and Marc "Tryndamere" Merrill became friends while roommates at the University of Southern California, where the two studied business. Beck and Merrill believed too many video game developers diverted their focus from game to game too often, distinguishing Defense of the Ancients as an indication that games could be supported and monetized long-term. They also drew inspiration from Asian video game designers who released their games for no up-front cost and instead charged for additional perks. | Defense of the Ancients (DotA) |
Who developed the Black Swan theory? | The black swan theory or theory of black swan events is a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. The term is based on an ancient saying that presumed black swans did not exist – a saying that became reinterpreted to teach a different lesson after they were discovered in Australia.
The theory was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb, starting in 2001, to explain:
1. The disproportionate role of high-profile, hard-to-predict, and rare events that are beyond the realm of normal expectations in history, science, finance, and technology.
2. The non-computability of the probability of consequential rare events using scientific methods (owing to the very nature of small probabilities).
3. The psychological biases that blind people, both individually and collectively, to uncertainty and the substantial role of rare events in historical affairs.
Taleb's "black swan theory" refers only to unexpected events of large magnitude and consequence and their dominant role in history. Such events, considered extreme outliers, collectively play vastly larger roles than regular occurrences. More technically, in the scientific monograph "Silent Risk", Taleb mathematically defines the black swan problem as "stemming from the use of degenerate metaprobability". | The black Swan Theory was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in 2001. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kell Brook successfully defended his IBF world welterweight title against Romanian Jo Jo Dan at Sheffield's Motorpoint Arena on Saturday night. Brook defeated his challenger in four murderous rounds before fans joined him in calling out Khan for what Brook envisages as ‘the biggest fight out there for both of us.’ ‘Who do you want to see me beat next,’ he asked. ‘Khan, Khan, Khan’ came the crowd's response. Brook's triumph and return to the ring came just six months after surviving a machete attack which inflicted horrific wounds to his left leg. Host commentator . Click the above link for Jeff Powell's full report on Brook's victory from Sheffield's Motorpoint Arena. Thanks for following Sportsmail's coverage of the big fight. It's all over and Kell Brook remains the IBF world welterweight title holder. JEFF POWELL: Brook's red shorts covered that wound on his left leg but there was no hiding place for his challenger. Dan was taking right hands to the head as if by habit and he went down for the third time from an accumulation of blows. Make that a fourth, Dan falling a split second before the bell. American referee Earl Brown completed the statutory eight count before agreeing with the challenger's corner that enough was enough. 10-9. JEFF POWELL: Brook was looking for the finish but Dan managed to weather the storm at the opening of the round – and somehow fought back. The Brook attack was relentless and Dan reeled around the ring like a drunk, yet still made it to the end of another three minutes of hell. 10-9 . JEFF POWELL: There were no signs of distress from that left leg which had been savagely severed. This time it was Brook inflicting the pain. One sharp sent Dan reeling. The next, an uppercut, put him down. The third sent him to the canvas again. Only a mix of gallantry and clinching got Dan through more punishment to the bell, which seemed more likely to have condemned him to a continuing world of pain rather than to have saved him. 10-7 . JEFF POWELL: Dan had pronounced himself ready not only to rumble but to ignore the sound and fury of the partisan Sheffield crowd. He started brightly enough to suggest nerves might not be problem but he promptly pressed forward, playing into Brook’s preference for counter punching. The home boy’s straight lefts over the Canadian based Romanian’s southpaw leads were especially effective and he was off to a good start. 10-9 . JEFF POWELL: The Motorpoint Arena was packed to the tank-full, waiting to welcome the fighter Sheffield believes can be its successor to Naseem Hamed. That atmosphere generator had to be restarted after the electric shock of seeing another son of the Steel City, Adam Etches, brutally knocked out by his veteran Belarus rival for the IBF international middleweight belt. The deeply experienced 40-year-old Sergei Khomitsky drew Etches into a clever trap midway through the third round, opening him up for the perfect right cross. Etches went down like an axed tree, crashing his head against the canvas as he landed, and there were no protests as referee Howard Foster instantly waves his arms over the prone body and summoned medical assistance. Video-screening of Brook’s triumphs in the ring and his leg-slashed tribulations outside the ropes restored he mood of optimism. Special K came in to a thunder of expectation and to be greeted by famed Ready to Rumble announcer Michael Buffer. Defending world champion Kell Brook is announced by Michael Buffer and makes his way to the ring. The 28-year-old's Sheffield homecoming has finally arrived. Dan makes his way to the ring with a smile on his face and is looking calm and confident. Kell Brook has vowed not to make the same mistake as the man from whom he ripped the world crown. Brook had been considered a convenient underdog when he went to California in August and surprised the incumbent champion Shawn Porter to wrest the belt by split decision. Brook's trainer Dominic Ingle said: 'Shawn Porter under-estimated Kell Brook and believed his own hype and then he was forced to admit he had over-looked him. 'There is no danger of Kell overlooking Jo Jo in the same way. Jo Jo has got into the mandatory position and he wants to win that title. Kell is looking for big fights ahead but Jo Jo sees no reason why he shouldn't get them too.' Kell Brook is talking about fighting Floyd Mayeather or Manny Pacquiao, Juan Manuel Marquez or Brandon Rios — in no given order — before a Wembley blockbuster with Amir Khan sometime next year. Nothing wrong with ambition but the first question Brook has to answer comes in his home town of Sheffield tonight. It has less to do with his undeniable boxing ability than with whether he truly is recovered from the machete attack which inflicted horrific wounds to his left leg. Click the above link for the story. Sportsmail will be providing you with round-by-round coverage of Kell Brook's IBF world welterweight fight against Jo Jo Dan. Stay tuned for updates from Jeff Powell who is ringside in Sheffield. | Kell Brook defends his IBF world welterweight title against Jo Jo Dan . The bout takes place at Sheffield's Motorpoint Arena on Saturday night . The fight is Brooks' first since being stabbed in the leg last September . |
Please give me a short bulleted list of key points about Ethiopia? | Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in Africa, the emergence of Ethiopian civilization dates back thousands of years. Due to migration and imperial expansion, it grew to include many other primarily Afro-Asiatic-speaking communities, including Amhara, Oromos, Somalis, Tigray, Afars, Sidama, Gurage, Agaw and Harari, among others. One of the first kingdoms to rise to power in the territory was the kingdom of D'mt in the 10th century BC, which established its capital at Yeha. In the first century AD the Aksumite Kingdom rose to power in the Tigray Region with its capital at Aksum and grew into a major power on the Red Sea, subjugating Yemen and Meroe. In the early fourth century, during the reign of Ezana, Christianity was declared the state religion. Ezana's reign is also when the Aksumites first identified themselves as "Ethiopians", and not long after, Philostorgius became the first foreign author to call the Aksumites Ethiopians. The Aksumite empire fell into decline with the rise of Islam in the Arabian peninsula, which slowly shifted trade away from the Christian Aksum. It eventually became isolated, its economy slumped and Aksum's commercial domination of the region ended. The Aksumites gave way to the Zagwe dynasty, who established a new capital at Lalibela before giving way to the Solomonic dynasty in the 13th century. During the early Solomonic period, Ethiopia went through military reforms and imperial expansion that allowed it to dominate the Horn of Africa. Portuguese missionaries arrived at this time | - Ethiopia is one of the older countries in Africa.
- In the first century AD the Aksumite Kingdom rose to power in the Tigray Region with its capital at Aksum
- During the early Solomonic period, Ethiopia went through military reforms and imperial expansion |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This meeting is fast turning into a gala performance by the double act of Irish champion trainer Willie Mullins and his British counterpart Paul Nicholls. Having seen Mullins, ably assisted by stable jockeys Ruby Walsh and Paul Townend, smash the home team on Tuesday with four winners headed by his Champion Hurdler Faugheen, it was Nicholls’ turn on Wednesday. He won the feature £350,000 Betway Queen Mother Champion Chase with Dodging Bullets as well as the Coral Cup with Aux Ptits Soins, both ridden by stable jockey Sam Twiston-Davies, and the Fred Winter Juvenile Handicap Hurdle with Qualando, the mount of Nick Scholfield. Dodging Bullets (front) delivered a second winner of day two for jockey Sam Twiston-Davies . With Mullins also landing the RSA Chase with Bryan Cooper-ridden Don Poli, the two dominant stables in jump racing have now won eight of the 14 Festival races run so far. Nicholls denied he had driven home on Tuesday depressed or frustrated having drawn a blank in the face of the Mullins’ mullering. But the mood for the journey home last night must have been some contrast. Almost amazingly, Dodging Bullets’ one-and-a-quarter length defeat of 33-1 shot Somersby was the first steeplechase Nicholls had won at this meeting since Kauto Star landed the 2009 Gold Cup. Back in third was Irish-trained front-runner Special Tiara but the big two — 2013 winner Sprinter Sacre and last year’s champion Sure De Grugy — blew out. Trainer Gary Moore and jockey son Jamie felt the ground had dried out too much for fourth-placed Sire De Grugy, who has endured an injury-plagued season while Sprinter Sacre, a spent force by the home turn, was pulled up before the last by his jockey Barry Geraghty. Twiston-Davies and Dodging Bullets successfully clear a fence on their way to victory . Twiston-Davies laps up the applause as he is led in after winning the Queen Mother Champion Chase . His trainer Nicky Henderson said there was no evidence Sprinter Sacre’s old fibrillating heart problem had affected his gelding and a scope examination showed no signs of a significant blood vessel break. However, the feeling was an old breathing issue might have re-surfaced. There will be no snap decisions but there must be a chance he has run his last race. Henderson said: ‘It is disappointing for everybody who has worked their socks off to get him back.’ The outcome once again showed how hard it is to come back and the result had echoes of the 2010 Gold Cup won by Imperial Commander when the focus was on the Nicholls-trained pair of Kauto Star and Denman. This time it was the turn of 9-2 shot Dodging Bullets, winner of this season’s Tingle Creek and Clarence House Chases, to be cold-shouldered in the build-up as the spotlight fell on the big two. And there to cheer him home was his breeder, three-time champion Flat jockey Frankie Dettori, looking like he should be part of Elliot Ness’s crew in his brown trilby and mac. He hoped he was breeding a future Derby winner when he sent the mare Nova Cyngi to the stallion Dubawi. He ended up producing the victor of one the season’s biggest jumps races. Dettori said: ‘I am only a small part in this amazing story but I am so pleased for Paul and the owners. I can say I have bred the best jumps horse of 2015.’ Dodging Bullets returned at 9-2 after landing the Queen Mother Champion Chase . Twiston-Davies celebrates with the Queen Mother Champion Chase trophy . The result was no surprise to Nicholls, who said: ‘He was the form horse. He beat Sprinter Sacre at Ascot and I couldn’t see how he could turn that around. With all due respect to Gary Moore, I also thought Sire De Grugy had it all to do. He has had a problem. ‘I can see the sentiment side of it but the progressive horse normally comes out on top. I was fairly confident I had them covered, Champagne Fever was the one I was getting worried about and he was a non-runner.’ Nicholls puts Dodging Bullets’ improvement this year down to greater maturity and solving a gastric ulcer problem, as he has with tomorrow’s Gold Cup favourite Silviniaco Conti. This success can only serve to strengthen both stable and punter confidence in his chance. Nicholls added: ‘We felt he was losing his way but couldn’t work out why. We found the gastric ulcer, treated for that, and like Silviniaco Conti he is a different animal. He won the best turned out award and it was as well as he has been.’ The results were also further vindication of Nicholls’s decision to hand the pressure job of stable jockey to 22-year-old Twiston-Davies at the start of the season, a move made earlier than expected when others threatened to sign him up. Nicholls heeded advice from former Manchester United boss Sir Alex Ferguson. ‘He said, “you don’t want the best striker in the league playing for another team.” Someone said Sam will last me until I retire. I don’t know if he will last that long but he is a good lad who will be part of the team for a long time.’ A bad day for Henderson was made worse when Rolling Star suffered a fatal injury in the Coral Cup. It was all smiles for the connections of Dodging Bullets . Frankie Dettori (second right) couldn't hide his excitement after Dodging Bullets' victory . | Dodging Bullets wins race on Ladies Day at Cheltenham 2015 . Sprinter Sacre and Sire De Grugy were fancied for the feature race . But Dodging Bullets beat Somersby and Special Tiara . Sprinter Sacre, ridden by Barry Geraghty, was pulled up . The win was a second of the day for Sam Twiston-Davies . CLICK HERE for all the latest from the Cheltenham Festival . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The commission that has investigated doping in cycling will not be recommending that Lance Armstrong’s lifetime ban from competitive sport is reduced. The American stripped of his seven Tour de France titles for using performance-enhancing drugs was hoping the Cycling Independent Reform Commission would be more sympathetic after he twice gave evidence to the three-man panel. But CIRC, who submitted their report to the UCI last Friday and are due to hold a media briefing in Switzerland next week, are not planning to recommend to the United States Anti-Doping Agency that they reduce their ban. Lance Armstrong was stripped of his seven Tour de France titles for using performance-enhancing drugs . Armstrong waves from the podium after winning the 16th stage of the 2005 Tour de France . Some reports suggested on Sunday that lawyers representing Armstrong placed certain limitations on what CIRC could ask, which in turn was being given as a reason for the stance CIRC have now adopted. But Armstrong’s legal team vehemently deny that, insisting that no restrictions were placed on CIRC in their two interviews with the Texan. Only recently Armstrong suggested to the BBC that he had answered all CIRC’s questions candidly. ‘At this point in my life I’m not out to protect anybody,’ he said. ‘I’m out to protect seven people and they all have the last name Armstrong.’ Armstrong told the BBC that he is out to protect seven people - 'and they all have the last name Armstrong' The American leads ahead of Bradley Wiggins during Stage 17 of the 2009 Tour de France . Armstrong is sure to be angered by the fact that a number of his contemporaries – who have also been guilty of doping offences – did not even cooperate with CIRC and yet remain senior figures in the sport. Brian Cookson, the UCI president, had warned that such a lack of cooperation would be frowned upon and it will be interesting to see if he sticks to his promise of introducing a fit-and-proper-person test for cycling team officials in the wake of the CIRC report. Cookson has said the report will make ‘uncomfortable’ reading for his sport. ‘When you open a can of worms you find a lot of worms,’ Cookson said last month at the world track cycling championships in Paris. ‘I think it’s going to be very interesting - there will be a lot of uncomfortable things there.’ Brian Cookson, the UCI president, has said that the report will make for 'uncomfortable reading' Chris Froome revealed to Sportsmail that he has spoken to the CIRC about the problem of doping . But he also took a swipe at Armstrong, accusing him of having an ‘agenda’ for revealing he had spoken to CIRC in the first place. Armstrong obviously does have an agenda; he wants his ban reduced when other dopers from his era have not been hit with the same severe sanctions. But criticising anyone for revealing they have spoken to CIRC seems a curious position to adopt when the promise of anonymity might yet protect those who haven’t come forward. Only last week Chris Froome revealed to Sportsmail that he too has spoken to CIRC, having wanted to give a senior rider’s perspective on the problems that continue to undermine the UCI’s efforts to clean up the sport. Particularly at a time when the UCI are pushing for the racing licence of the Astana team – that boasts current Tour de France champion Vicenzo Nibali – to be revoked. | Lance Armstrong was stripped of his seven Tour de France titles for using performance-enhancing drugs . The Cycling Independent Reform Commission are investigating doping . Armstrong had hoped that they would be sympathetic with him . The commission will not recommend that his lifetime ban is reduced . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England's campaign at the European Under 21 Championship looks set to be dominated over whether Harry Kane is included - but Gareth Southgate may not need him. In front of over 30,000 at the Riverside Stadium, England came from behind to defeat Germany 3-2 and record a victory against not just old rivals but the pre-tournament favourites in the Czech Republic this summer. Southgate is still expected to do everything he can to include the Tottenham striker, but the win over Germany shows that the Young Lions can go toe-to-toe with the cream of Europe. Here Sportsmail looks at England's three stand-out stars from the win in Middlesbrough. James Ward-Prowse . The Southampton star has already become an established member of the first team at St Mary's and is set to be a key member of Southgate's side in the Czech Republic. The 20-year-old scored the winner with a crisp low effort after ghosting into the penalty box to find space. But his attacking play extends to set-pieces. Germany's Julian Korb reaches out in vain as James Ward-Prowse fires home England's winning goal . The Under 21 captain celebrates his late strike following a fine midfield performance . In Ward-Prowse, England have potentially their best dead-ball specialist since David Beckham with his passing range and accurate shooting already a highlight of his game. Ward-Prowse was captain for the Germany victory and his rapid progress on the south coast in the last two years suggests he is worth keeping an eye on. Carl Jenkinson . Named the official Man of the Match, Jenkinson put in a close to perfect performance - albeit he was slightly at fault for Germany's opening goal after allowing the cross for Philipp Hofmann to fire home. But after a slow start to each half, the West Ham full-back, on loan from Arsenal, imposed himself down the right-hand side. Carl Jenkinson runs the ball out of defence for England as Germany substitute Nico Schulz looks on . Jenkinson put in a Man of the Match display having assisted two of England's three goals . It was the 23-year-old's cross for Jesse Lingard which helped draw the Three Lions level in the first half, while he also provided the pass for Ward-Prowse to tuck home the winning goal. With England's senior team lacking depth in the right-back area, Roy Hodgson could do worse than pick Jenkinson. Because if he doesn't, then Finland will as he can still play for the Scandinavian team. Nathan Redmond . Relished the battle with Germany full-back Christian Gunter, often managing to pull away from his marker to lead an attack down the right wing. Redmond is not all about pace though as he often tried to cut inside to mix up his approach, with his passing in the final third managing to catch the German back four flat on a number of occasions. Nathan Redmond rifles home England's second equaliser across goal into the bottom corner . Redmond celebrates after drawing England level late in the game following an impressive display on the right . It was a much improved version of the winger who struggled in a poor Norwich side in the Premier League last season, but having struck the equaliser against a talented Germany team he looks to be improving. Now a veteran of the Under 21 set-up, it will be difficult for Southgate to leave him out of the side in the summer to help make space for Kane as he has often impressed on the right wing for the Young Lions. | England recorded impressive 3-2 win over Germany in Under 21 friendly . Young Lions twice came from behind to seal late win at Riverside Stadium . James Ward-Prowse, Carl Jenkinson and Nathan Redmond among stars . Gareth Southgate's side look in strong shape heading to the European Under 21 Championship in Czech Republic this summer . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Juan Mata has described Manchester United's impressive opening 45 minutes against Tottenham as 'arguably our best half of the season'. The Spanish playmaker, who was included in Louis van Gaal's starting line-up to face Tottenham after being named on the substitutes' bench for Manchester United's last seven games, was part of the side which raced into a 3-0 lead after just 34 minutes. And Mata, writing in his weekly blog, has said he was extremely pleased with his side's style of play during the opening exchanges of Sunday's match at Old Trafford. Manchester United playmaker Juan Mata was delighted with his side's first-half display against Tottenham . The Red Devils raced into a 3-0 lead thanks to goals by Marouane Fellaini, Michael Carrick and Wayne Rooney . Liverpool (away) - March 22 . Aston Villa (home) - April 4 . Man City (home) - April 12 . Chelsea (away) - April 18 . Everton (away) - April 26 . West Brom (home) - May 2 . Crystal Palace (away) - May 9 . Arsenal (home) - May 16 . Hull (away) - May 24 . United are currently fourth in the Premier League . 'It was a very important victory in order to finish in the top four, since Tottenham are also in the same race. It was arguably our best first half of the season. 'In those 45 minutes we got three goals and we could have scored some more. The team played with a fast, intense and vertical style, also pressing on Spurs’ half of the pitch. 'I was very happy for the fans after the disappointment in the FA Cup against Arsenal last Monday. 'The best way to recover was by playing a good game and winning for the fans, and that’s what we gave to them - to you - against Tottenham, a very good team that we managed to neutralise.' The 26-year-old has called on his team-mates to maintain their focus during United's final nine Premier League games of the season and lavished praise on the Old Trafford crowd. He added: 'We must focus on each of the remaining games, and they are not many, in order to achieve our goal which is to bring the Champions League back to Old Trafford. Mata was delighted with the reception he received from the Old Trafford faithful on Sunday afternoon . 'Some of our rivals are also fighting for the same but I hope this win against Tottenham will give us confidence to perform at our highest level. 'I heard your applause and I want to thank you for that. Ever since my first day as a United player I felt the love from Old Trafford and I want you to know that it helps a lot when you play. 'Your applause when I was substituted and on my way to the dressing room is something I will never forget.' | Juan Mata says his side's first-half performance against Spurs was the best 45 minutes of the season . Mata returned to United's starting line-up for first time in seven games . Manchester United raced into 3-0 lead after just 34 minutes . Mata insists his side must remain focused if they are to claim top four spot . CLICK HERE for all the latest Man United news . |
What does IIT stand for in India? | The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are prestigious central government owned public technical institutes located across India. Known for their excellence in education, they are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961, declaring them as Institutes of National Importance and laying down their powers, duties, and framework for governance as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology. The act currently lists twenty-three IITs. Each IIT has autonomy and is linked to others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education of India is the ex officio Chairperson of the IIT Council. Currently, there are 23 IITs across the country. | IIT stands for Indian Institutes of Technology. They are government owned technical institutes known for their excellence in education. Currently, there are 23 institutes across India. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Lionel Messi has set the stage for a potentially season-defining week for Barcelona, scoring both goals as his team went four points clear at the top of the Spanish league on Saturday. The 2-0 win at tiny Eibar, a side playing in La Liga for the first time and which has now lost eight games in a row, may not seem like an unexpected achievement. But, with a European Champions League last-16 decider at home to Manchester City on Wednesday and then the "El Clasico" crunch clash with bitter rival Real Madrid next Sunday, every win is vital at this stage of the campaign. "We're going into the Clasico as leaders and in perfect form," Barca coach Luis Enrique said. "But first we have to focus on City because qualification is at stake. Then we'll see what happens at the weekend." Messi has now scored 43 goals this season, first netting a 31st-minute penalty after Borja Ekiza unluckily handled the Argentine's blocked shot and then bulleting in a header from Ivan Rakitic's corner 10 minutes after the restart. "Eibar didn't look like a team that has just lost seven in a row," said Enrique, who welcomed back Brazil star Neymar from suspension to resume his role up front with Messi and Luis Suarez. "They played good football and they fully deserved their great start to the season. I don't think they'll have any trouble avoiding relegation." The result puts even more pressure on second-placed Real Madrid to win Sunday's home clash with Levante. The European champion's coach Carlo Ancelotti has been criticized after a poor run of results since the turn of the year, while world-record signing Gareth Bale has particularly been vilified by national sports paper Marca following Tuesday's home defeat by Schalke. Real can take some small consolation in the fact that city rival Atletico Madrid could only draw 0-0 at Espanyol, meaning the defending champion stayed fourth in the table following Valencia's 2-0 win over Deportivo La Coruna on Friday. Atletico defender Miranda was sent off in time added on at the end of the first half for a foul on Abraham. Diego Simeone's side hosts German club Bayer Leverkusen on Tuesday as it seeks to overturn a 1-0 deficit and seek to match last season's achievement of reaching the Champions League final. Barca, also looking to join Real in the quarterfinals, faces a City side reeling after Saturday's 1-0 defeat by relegation-threatened Burnley. It left Manuel Pellegrini's team five points behind English Premier League leader Chelsea, which has two games in hand ahead of Sunday's home clash with Southampton. "We must continue to fight but the chances of winning the title are far as things stand," said Pellegrini, whose team must overcome a 2-1 deficit at the Nou Camp next week. "There is still a chance, but it is more difficult after this result. We needed to create more chances than we did and find more space in and around their defense." The Chilean refused to blame the referee for not awarding what appeared to be a clear penalty for City in the dying minutes, when Pablo Zabaleta was brought down in the box. "Was it a penalty? Maybe, but the referee decides these moments and I don't think that was the most important thing in this game," he said. "The issue for us at present is that we are not winning the games that we normally do, especially against teams we are expected to beat, and that is because we are not scoring goals." City, seeking to retain its EPL title, is only one point ahead of third-placed Arsenal after Arsene Wenger's team won 3-0 at home to West Ham on Saturday. The London side has now won four games in all competitions since suffering a shock 3-1 home defeat by Wenger's former club Monaco in the first leg of their last-16 Champions League tie last month. "We have to believe that we can do it," the Frenchman said of Tuesday's trip to the principality. "This time Monaco are favorites so we have to go there, give absolutely everything and come out of the game with that feeling." Monaco moved up to fourth in the French league on Friday, beating nine-man Bastia 3-0 as Anthony Martial scored twice and Lavyin Kurzawa missed a penalty. Italian club Juventus, another side in Champions League action next week, went 14 points clear in Serie A with a 1-0 win at mid-table Palermo on Saturday. Spanish substitute Alvaro Morata ended Palermo's six-month unbeaten home run with a curling winner to maintain the Turin team's momentum ahead of Wednesday's trip to Borussia Dortmund. The German side, which trails 2-1 after the first leg thanks to goals from Morata and Carlos Tevez, drew 0-0 at home to Cologne Saturday to remain in mid-table after a second successive scoreless draw in the Bundesliga. Defending champion Bayern Munich moved 14 points clear at the top with a 4-0 win at Werder Bremen, as Poland striker Robert Lewandowski scored twice to add to his goal from the midweek Champions League thrashing of Shakhtar Donetsk. Thomas Muller, who netted twice in the 7-0 routing of the Ukrainian side, opened the scoring while David Alaba bagged the second goal. Third-placed Leverkusen, meanwhile, triumphed 4-0 over Stuttgart on Friday, with Josip Drmic scoring two. Wolfsburg, eight points ahead of Leverkusen, hosts second-bottom Freiburg on Sunday. Like us on Facebook . | Barcelona extends lead over Real Madrid in Spanish league . Champions League opponent Manchester City suffers shock defeat . |
Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, how many Jimmy John's locations are there? | Jimmy John's is an American sandwich chain headquartered in Champaign, Illinois. The business was founded by Jimmy John Liautaud in 1983. After Liautaud graduated from high school, his father gave him a choice to either join the military or start a business. Liautaud, choosing the latter, initially decided to start a hot dog business, but changed to opening a sandwich business due to costs.
The Jimmy John's franchise has over 2700 locations, with 98% of them being franchises. in 2016, Roark Capital Group purchased a majority stake in the company. Later, in 2019, Inspire Brands purchased the company from Roark Capital Group for an unspecified amount. | There are currently 2700 locations in the Jimmy John's franchise. |
Based on the text below, how would you explain Archimedes’ principle to a 10 years old child, using the example of an object immersed in water? | Any object, totally or partially immersed in a fluid or liquid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Archimedes' principle allows the buoyancy of any floating object partially or fully immersed in a fluid to be calculated. The downward force on the object is simply its weight. The upward, or buoyant, force on the object is that stated by Archimedes' principle above. Thus, the net force on the object is the difference between the magnitudes of the buoyant force and its weight. If this net force is positive, the object rises; if negative, the object sinks; and if zero, the object is neutrally buoyant—that is, it remains in place without either rising or sinking. In simple words, Archimedes' principle states that, when a body is partially or completely immersed in a fluid, it experiences an apparent loss in weight that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the immersed part of the body(s).
Consider a cuboid immersed in a fluid, its top and bottom faces orthogonal to the direction of gravity (assumed constant across the cube's stretch). The fluid will exert a normal force on each face, but only the normal forces on top and bottom will contribute to buoyancy. The pressure difference between the bottom and the top face is directly proportional to the height (difference in depth of submersion). Multiplying the pressure difference by the area of a face gives a net force on the cuboid — the buoyancy — equaling in size the weight of the fluid displaced by the cuboid. By summing up sufficiently many arbitrarily small cuboids this reasoning may be extended to irregular shapes, and so, whatever the shape of the submerged body, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
weight of displaced fluid = weight of object in vacuum − weight of object in fluid
The weight of the displaced fluid is directly proportional to the volume of the displaced fluid (if the surrounding fluid is of uniform density). The weight of the object in the fluid is reduced, because of the force acting on it, which is called upthrust. In simple terms, the principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, or the density of the fluid multiplied by the submerged volume times the gravity. | When you immerse an object under water, it pushes the water away in order to take its place.
The water wants to get back to where it was before and pushes the object away, towards the surface.
Then it depends what is the weight of the object, compared with how much water was moved.
Imagine you could put your object on one side of a balance, and on the other side, you would duplicate your object and transform it into water (representing how much water is moved if you were to plunge put your object under water).
If your original object is lighter than its equivalent in water, like a bubble for example, or a balloon, the water will be strong enough to have the object to float.
If the object is heavier than its equivalent water, like a bowling ball, or a rock, the water will not be able to push hard enough, and the object will sink. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Premier League will break extraordinary new ground this weekend when fans are taken inside the dressing room ahead of Arsenal vs Liverpool. In a first for top-flight football, both pre-match teamtalks by the captains will be streamed live to the world from the Emirates on Saturday. As they bid to keep track with the latest technology, the Premier League has convinced both clubs to take part. But it was only rubber-stamped last night after the rivals agreed to a strict number of rules that will ensure neither side is left at a disadvantage. Per Mertesacker and Jordan Henderson will give teamtalks in the dressing room that will be broadcast live . Although the teamtalks by Per Mertesacker and Jordan Henderson will not be screened on BT Sport - who are covering the match live on TV - fans who own a smartphone will be able to tune in. New social media tool Periscope - which was launched last week - will host both teamtalks as it bids to break into the sports market. Arsenal and Liverpool were initially reluctant to take part in the broadcast - but Premier League chiefs have assured them it will not compromise their attempts to win the match. Although Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers - who famously starred in the Being Liverpool documentary on Channel Five - was willing to take part, his counterpart Arsene Wenger was hesistant over fears of giving away his side's secrets. However, a meeting between the clubs and Premier League officials has left both convinced it is a clever marketing idea as they aim to draw more fans from the United States and Asia. Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger warmed to the idea and is now in agreement with Brendan Rodgers . Sportsmail understands that the rules agreed between the teams are: . Periscope are hoping they will have a combined 250,000 viewers for the two broadcasts which would set a new record for the app. They have even deployed a special IT unit to ensure the broadcasts hold up with huge number of expected viewers. If successful, they would then attempt to convince the Premier League to make it a regular feature on match days. If you are scratching your head at this story, perhaps check the published date at the top... Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Fans will be able to watch Per Mertesacker and Jordan Henderson speak . The pair will give teamtalks to their sides before Saturday's match . Premier League have convinced clubs to be part of experiment . Social media tool Periscope will broadcast the clips to fans around world . Clubs have agreed set rules to ensure there is no advantage gained . Could kickstart revolution by taking fans inside the dressing room . CLICK HERE for all the latest Premier League news . Only the captain will speak with the rest of the players and the manager vowing to stay silent. Each teamtalk will be filmed by one of the two linesmen to ensure there is no bias. Clubs do not have to reveal specific tactics - instead the focus will be getting the team 'pumped up' for the match. Each broadcast will be limited to two minutes and they will take place simultaneously. The referee - standing between the two dressing room entrances - will blow his whistle to signal the start. He will then blow his whistle again at the end of the two-minute period. Both captains have agreed they will not swear during the teamtalk to avoid offending any viewers. |
Extract the population of Teodorów from the following text. | Teodorów [tɛɔˈdɔruf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koniecpol, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Koniecpol, 46 km (29 mi) east of Częstochowa, and 82 km (51 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice. The village has a population of 107. | The village of Teodorów has a population of 107. |
Given this paragraph about British Shorthairs, what are the typical characteristics of this cat breed's temperament? | British Shorthairs are an easygoing and dignified breed, not as active and playful as many, but sweet-natured and devoted to their owners, making them a favorite of animal trainers. They tend to be safe around other pets and children since they will tolerate a fair amount of physical interaction, but as a rule do not like to be picked up or carried. They require only minimal grooming and take well to being kept as indoor-only cats; however, they can be prone to obesity unless care is taken with their diet. They are quiet and vigilant, but if they trust their owners, they will silently follow the owners’ activities and stay with them. British Shorthair cats are not lap cats. They are more accustomed to staying beside people than squatting on people’s laps. Similarly, they prefer the feeling of having their feet on the ground. They have low voice and a moderate activity level. When there is no one at home, they will stay at home quietly and wait for their owners to come back. | British Shorthairs are an easygoing, quiet and dignified breed. They are sweet-natured and devoted to their owners. When there is no one at home, they will stay at home quietly and wait for their owners to come back. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A woman wielding a shotgun forced her 7-year-old son to jump out of a second-floor St. Petersburg, Florida, apartment window early Thursday before she jumped as well in an apparent suicide attempt, police said. According to authorities, 7-year-old Oscar Vail said his mother, Michelle Vail, said a serial killer was after the family. Spokeswoman Yolando Fernandez said police got a distress call from the 32-year-old woman around 6:30 a.m. She told the dispatcher that her ex-boyfriend was at the door and she needed help. Mother: 32-year-old Michelle Vail (seen left and right) forced her 7-year-old son Oscar to jump out of a second-floor apartment window, police said . Officers arrived at the apartment a short time later, but Vail wouldn't let them in, saying she didn't believe they were police officers, Fernandez said. 'She was babbling incoherently, none of it made any sense,' Fernandez said. The St. Petersburg Police Department said in a news release 'The caller, Michelle Vail, said that a former boyfriend was standing outside her door and she was fearful that he was going to kill her. 'Vail also said that she [was] armed and officers arriving on the scene determined that she was in possession of a shotgun.' Police also 'noted that she appeared distraught and seemed mentally unstable,' the release said. Contact: Spokeswoman Yolando Fernandez said police got a distress call from Michelle Vail around 6:30 a.m. She told the dispatcher that her ex-boyfriend was at the door and she needed help . As officers walked away, they heard the sound of glass breaking. They returned and could see that Vail had a shotgun and was banging it against a door and a wall. Fernandez said officers heard the boy scream. At that point they knocked down the door, but by the time they reached a back room, the child and mother had already jumped. Oscar was taken to a hospital, where officials say he is in stable condition and being kept for observation. His mother's injuries were superficial, according to Fernandez. The news release said that 'The child was interviewed by detectives at the hospital and stated his mother had told him that a serial killer was coming to get them and he needed to jump out the window, which he did.' The family recently moved from Ormond Beach, Florida, to the area, police said. Police told WTSP that three weapons - a handgun, large knife and a shotgun - were discovered in the apartment. Vail is being charged with one count of aggravated child abuse. It wasn't known whether she's hired a lawyer who could comment on the case. The St. Petersburg Police Department said that the Department of Children and Families was contacted in order to arrange custody for Oscar upon his release. WTSP reported that the Pinellas County Sheriff's Office Child Protection Investigation Division is now investigating. Confidential support is available through calling the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255. For more information, visit www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org. Scene: Michelle Vail and her 7-year-old son apparently jumped out of a second-story window at this St. Petersburg, Florida, home, police said . | Michelle Vail wielded a shotgun and forced her 7-year-old son Oscar to jump out of a second-floor, window, police said . The 32-year-old woman jumped as well in an apparent suicide attempt, according to authoritiees . Oscar Vail told investigators his mother said a serial killer was looking for the family, investigators said . The boy's mother now faces an aggravated child abuse charge . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A cruel uncle is being investigated by police after punishing his six-year-old nephew's bad behaviour by hanging him on a fence post. Nicu Borila, 30, is the carer for Anima Stoica with the pair living in a house with 20 other family members on the outskirts of the Romanian capital Bucharest. Borila was asked to look after the boy after the youngster's father was jailed in Spain and his mother went to work in Italy. Six-year-old Anima Stoica who was hung from a fence by his uncle Nicu Borila as a punishment for running away from home . Borila has been looking after the little boy as his father is in prison and his mother had to go to Italy to find work . However, police launched an investigation into his care after disturbing pictures began circulating online of the boy crying as he was hung from the fence by his shirt. The images were published after they were sent to an anti-child abuse group calling itself The Bracelet of Death. Meanwhile neighbours have spoken of how they often saw Borila hanging him from the fence. Dan Vitila, 56, said: 'He treats that boy like an animal. Borila, right, has tried to defend his actions by saying that he was trying to teach his nephew a lesson and keep him safe from passing traffic . 'When his mother left he was very upset but whenever he cries this uncle grabs him by the neck and hangs him on the fence like an animal at an abbatoir.' However, when Borila was confronted by neighbours, he said: 'Yeah, and so what? 'It's my fence and he's my nephew. I'm just playing with him. The pictures first came to light on Facebook after they were published by anti-child abuse charity Th Bracelet of Death . 'Many times he has tried to run away and I have to teach him a lesson. 'There are lots of cars around here and he could get knocked over.' Confirming they are investigating, a police spokesman said: 'We have seen these pictures and the allegations and are looking into the matter.' | Pictures show Nicu Borila hanging Amina Stoica, 6, from a fence post . Images were circulated online by anti-child abuse group Bracelet of Death . Neighbours of say that the uncle often treated his nephew like an animal . But Borila explains that he did it to stop the boy from running away . Police in Bucharest have confirmed that they are investigating the images . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)With the passing of Leonard Nimoy, fans worldwide mourned the loss of the legendary performer who gave life to the Vulcan first officer on Star Trek. As Spock, Nimoy touched audiences with his commitment to the principles of science and logic, and his embrace of "infinite diversity in infinite combinations." Nimoy's portrayal has inspired generations to pursue careers in space, science and technology, to embrace the uniqueness of others, and to appreciate the same in themselves. It is difficult to measure the impact of Nimoy's iconic role, particularly on the science and technology communities. For decades, many of the best and brightest inventors, explorers and engineers have credited Star Trek with sparking their imaginations. For many, Spock holds a sacred spot as not only one of the most beloved characters in all of science fiction, but the earliest example of Star Trek's enduring legacy of inspiring innovation in the real world. Spock first appeared on our television screens in 1966 with the premiere of the original Star Trek series. Since then, the show has earned a reputation for predicting future technologies with remarkable accuracy. At a time when the computer age was only just beginning and the idea of handheld communication devices or tablet computers were fantasies of a far-off future, Spock could be seen working with many of these technologies aboard the U.S.S. Enterprise. As we soon discovered, his incredible tools and gadgets weren't so distant after all. Soon, we moved closer to realizing these devices in our own world with the development of the integrated circuit. Portable and handheld computers were suddenly possible, and some scientists turned to Star Trek for inspiration as they sought to design the next wave of modern marvels. One such scientist was Martin Cooper, inventor of the first mobile phone, who has credited the handheld communicators used by Captain Kirk and Spock as the source of his inspiration. Even though Cooper's original cellular telephone wasn't as compact as Spock's, and most consumers couldn't afford one for some time, it wasn't long before they would become ubiquitous in our world. The same is true for the handheld computers Spock used to record scientific data. About the size of a notepad, and sometimes equipped with a stylus, these handy gadgets would go on to appear in every incarnation of the Star Trek franchise. They are known as PADDs — Personal Access Display Devices — and it's hard to ignore their influence on the the real thing. From their design and function to the name of today's most popular tablet computer, Spock may well have been the first iPad user. Another technological wonder that first appeared in Spock's hands was known as the tricorder. This mobile scanning device could be used to take readings while on an away mission to an alien planet. This data might include atmospheric conditions, radiation levels, or even the chemical composition of an object. The version Nimoy used on set was bulky and had to be worn with a shoulder strap. However, tricorders would soon become one of the most versatile and sought-after pieces of Treknology. Today, our smartphones can deliver many features of the Tricorder, while more specialized scientific and medical instruments are able to duplicate some of the more advanced scanning capabilities. It wasn't just computers and productivity gadgets that Spock brought to life on screen. He was often a proponent of passive resistance and non-violent solutions. Along with his fellow crew mates, he presented us with new ideas like weapons "set to stun" that formed the core of the Star Trek ethos. As we still wrestle with violence in our world, today's scientists and law enforcement are working toward breakthroughs in non-lethal weapons in an effort to prevent unnecessary loss of life. The original Star Trek series predicted or even inspired these and many other technologies in only three seasons on television. Of course, the franchise would continue this tradition with four more television series and twelve movies. Over the course of nearly 50 years, Star Trek has given us many more ideas that we've realized, like touch-screen and voice-control computer interfaces, and others we haven't quite mastered yet. Tech concepts like the universal translator, the holodeck, the replicator and, of course, the transporter hold the potential to radically change our world — and they might not be as far off as we think. Our iPhones and tablets have made touch screens commonplace, and we can communicate with Siri or Google through voice commands just like the computer on the Enterprise (though maybe not as effectively). We can instantly connect with others across great distances and even across language barriers thanks to recent advancements like Microsoft's Skype Translator technology. Meanwhile, 3D Printers allow for on-demand fabrication of many objects, and immersive virtual reality devices may soon make holographic adventures as common as video games. Scientists have even been able to transport particles of matter across distances, perhaps taking the first steps toward transporting people through space one day. As we say goodbye to Leonard Nimoy, let us remember him not only for his work as an actor on Star Trek, but for his remarkable role in the world of science and technology. Through Spock, Nimoy challenged us to understand our human nature, including our scientific curiosity, and in the process helped inspire countless men and women to reach for the stars. This is one more way that Nimoy will be remembered, in the hearts and minds of so many scientists, helping us all to "live long and prosper." | Star Trek actor Leonard Nimoy died Friday, age 83 . Anthony Rotolo: It's difficult to measure the impact of Nimoy's role . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | With its breathtaking river views, neo-Gothic period features and world class location in the heart of London, the Palace of Westminster is the ultimate dream home. And if housing campaign group Generation Rent gets its way, this could become a reality for hundreds of Londoners, as well as saving the Government £120million over five years. The organisation has come up with a plan to transform the World Heritage site into 364 affordable flats in a bid to save taxpayers money and relocate Parliament to - Hull. As part of the stunt to raise awareness about the lack of social housing, the group said the move would create 500 jobs in a northern town and save millions in staffing costs. Housing campaign group Generation rent has proposed moving Parliament to Hull and converting the empty buildings into 364 flats . Flats would be available in the historic building for £258 per week for a one-bedroom flat (£1,118 per month), £299 for a two-bedroom (£1,297 per month) and £350 for a three-bedroom (£1,520) under the fantasy scheme. Architect Jay Morton has made the most of the high ceilings in the plans as these would be split to make room for three-bedroom maisonettes for families. Corridors will be transformed into one and two-bedroom flats with windows on both sides. The iconic debating chambers on the ground floor of the Grade I-listed building would be turned into a swimming pool and a library as the ground floor has been deemed a flood risk. Ms Morton, who drew up the plans, said: 'This redevelopment would provide a unique opportunity to renovate the existing fabric of the building and provide much needed accommodation for those who live and work in the city, while re-injecting a community back into the heart of the borough.' The Palace of Westminster's high ceiling would be split to make room for three-bedroom maisonettes for families . The numerous courtyards within the Parliamentary estate allow many of the homes to be dual aspect . The campaign group is aiming to raise awareness about the lack of social housing and suggest cost-saving measures for the Government. It suggests relocating MPs and Lords to Hull which boasts the cheapest rent in England with £325 per month for a one-bedroom home. 'This is an idea that will save taxpayers money, help build houses in London and give a disadvantaged northern economy a welcome boost,' according to the plans. The proposal pointed out that 335 MPs rent second homes and claim expenses, costing the taxpayer £5.21million in 2013. Generation Rent also hopes it would create 5,000 badly needed jobs in the disadvantaged northern city. Corridors in the iconic building would be transformed into one and two-bedroom flats with windows on both sides . The flats in the World Heritage site would be available from just £258 per week for a one-bedroom flat . The iconic chambers on the ground floor of the Grade I-listed building would be turned into a swimming pool and a library . 'It also costs more to employ people in London. If Parliament were located in a cheaper part of the country, there would be annual savings of £20million in reduced employment costs, and the creation of 5,000 badly needed jobs,' said the plans. Selling 'the prestigious riverfront offices' of Portcullis House, currently home to MP's offices, could also provide a tax windfall of up to half a billion pounds. Alex Hilton, director of Generation Rent (the operating name of the National Private Tenants Organisation), said it would effectively illustrate the rent crisis in the capital to MPs. 'Renters are being crushed by high rents, poor conditions and almost no security of tenure. 'With their generous rent allowances from the taxpayer, MPs are cocooned from the housing crisis so they're largely indifferent to the plight of renters. The proposal suggested relocating MPs and Lords to Hull which boasts the cheapest rent in England of £325 per month for a one-bedroom home . There is no set site for Parliament to be held in Hull, but the campaign group suggested a derelict site near the station . 'One way our politicians could bear their share of austerity is if we relocated Parliament to the least expensive part of the country. We hope our proposal gives MPs a sense of humility and some urgency to ending the housing crisis.' The idea provoked a mixed reaction with some upset only that it will never happen in reality. Dan Bryant tweeted: 'The idea of moving Parliament to Hull is just brilliant on so many levels.' Alan Smith, a member of Otley and Yeadon Labour party, said: 'I think face-to-face discussion is important. But I'd definitely vote for parliament moving to Hull. Referendum?' Sue Brown tweeted: 'Not sure if we want all the MPs to come here to be honest.' Tom Coles said: 'Unfortunately don't think this would ever happen.' | Campaign group proposed to move Parliament to Hull and convert building . Palace of Westminster would be transformed into 364 affordable flats . One-bedroom flat in iconic building would be available for £258 per week . Swimming pool would be built in iconic debating chambers . Generation Rent suggested relocating MPs and Lords to Hull, Yorkshire . Housing campaign group believes this would save £120m over five years . Some 335 MPs rent homes and claim expenses, costing £5.21m in 2013 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fiorentina manager Vincenzo Montella has praised the impact of Mohamed Salah since arriving from Chelsea and believes only Barcelona star Lionel Messi is faster on the ball. Salah joined the Viola on loan in February as part of the deal for Juan Cuadrado to head to West London for £23.3m, rising to £27m, and Montella believes his side have currently got the better deal. The Egyptian forward was in fine form as Fiorentina defeated Serie A rivals Roma 3-0 at the Stadio Olimpico to reach the Europa League quarter-finals. Mohamed Salah (right) attempts to add to his Fiorentina goal tally against Roma on Thursday evening . Fiorentina manager Vincenzo Montella encourages his side as they defeated Serie A rivals Roma . Salah, in action against Roma, has made a fine start to life with the Viola since joining on loan from Chelsea . The 22-year-old has been in spectacular form since arriving in Italy, having only featured eight times for Jose Mourinho's side this season, scoring six goals from 10 appearances. Fiorentina can make Salah a permanent signing this summer and Montella admitted his surprise at the Egyptian's instant impact. 'Maybe right now we have got the better deal,' he told Mediaset Premium, when referring to the money-plus Salah deal for Cuadrado. 'For now, we have benefited. We knew the superb characteristics of the player, but we did not expect him to have such an impact on Italian football. Perhaps only Messi is faster than him with the ball at one's feet.' Montella claims only Barcelona talisman Lionel Messi is faster than Salah on the ball . Jose Maria Basanta (right) is mobbed by his Fiorentina team-mates after scoring against Roma . Salah joins Gonzalo Rodriguez (centre) in celebrating his opener for Fiorentina at the Stadio Olimpico . Fiorentina have a genuine chance of playing in the Champions League next season, sitting just four points off Lazio in the third qualifying spot in Serie A. 'This success is deserved, my team have grown a lot in terms of mentality,' added Montella. 'The team's proven to have a great desire to win. We endured a terrible run of form earlier this season, but we got through it; there might be another like that, though we will fight to achieve our goals. 'All victories require a small dose of luck, even though one makes their own luck to win.' Fiorentina celebrate after they booked their place in the Europa League quarter-finals on Thursday . | The Egyptian has scored six goals in 10 Fiorentina appearances . Mohamed Salah left Chelsea on loan in February to join the Italian club . Salah helped Fiorentina beat Roma 3-0 to reach Europa League last eight . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Here is some news that might cheer up Angel di Maria. The Argentina international is having a miserable season at Manchester United but his form would not appear to be affecting his popularity - with shirts bearing his name requested more than any other player in the Premier League. According to retailers Sports Direct, who sell Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Liverpool, United, Manchester City, Tottenham and Newcastle shirts, Di Maria's is the name asked for by almost one in 10 of fans in stores. Manchester United's record summer signing Angel di Maria tops the list of SportsDirect player shirt sales . Di Maria has struggled to make an impact at Old Trafford despite a bright start last year . Di Maria, Sanchez and Costa make up with top three with a combined share of 15.66 per cent . His tally of 9.59 per cent puts him streets ahead of Arsenal's Alexis Sanchez, with the Chilean playmaker in second place with 3.8 per cent. Di Maria has struggled for form since his £59.7million summer switch from Real Madrid. He has also had to endure an attempted break-in at his home which saw him and his family move to a hotel in a panic before finding a new residence in the heart of the city centre. But these figures will give the winger a boost as he bids to stop his Old Trafford career from ending before it has even began. Alexis Sanchez has 13 Premier League goals to his name and is second with with 3.80 per cent share of sales . Chelsea's Diego Costa sits third as the Premier League's three big summer signings make an impact . Costa, seen here scoring against Arsenal in October, has 19 Premier League goals to his name so far . Another summer arrival on our shores, Chelsea's Diego Costa, is the third most-requested player with 2.27 per cent ahead of Di Maria's United team-mated David de Gea on 2.16 per cent. Speculation that the Spanish goalkeeper will quit Manchester to head back to his home city of Madrid to join Real has not deterred fans from opting for his name on the back of their shirts. Belgium and Chelsea star Eden Hazard is in fifth place followed by United pair Wayne Rooney and Radamel Falcao - another South American import who is struggling to adjust to life in the Premier League. David de Gea's No 1 United shirt is the fourth-most requested with a share of 2.16 per cent . Belgium and Chelsea star Eden Hazard (left) is in fifth place followed by Wayne Rooney . MLS-bound Liverpool legend Steven Gerrard is in eighth place followed by Manchester City's Sergio Aguero in ninth while another United striker, Robin van Persie, completes the top 10. Just missing out is Newcastle's popular Spaniard Ayoze Perez, who takes 11th place. As for Christian names 'Jack' is the most popular request, accounting for 0.39 per cent of name sales. Strikers are the most common to be asked for with Luke Shaw, the most popular defender, in 38th place on the list. Steven Gerrard is in eighth place followed by Manchester City's Sergio Aguero (right) in ninth . | Almost one in 10 of fans in stores ask for Angel di Maria's name to be put on the back of a shirt . Man United signed Argentine winger for record £60m fee last summer . Summer signings Alexis Sanchez and Diego Costa complete the top three . David de Gea's No 1 jersey is in fourth with 2.16 per cent share of sales . CLICK HERE for all the latest Premier League news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New York (CNN)Kayla Mueller, Peter Kassig, Alan Henning, David Haines -- just a few of the aid workers who have been abducted and killed by ISIS in the past year. The exact number of aid workers currently being held is unknown; a level of secrecy tends to surround details of those currently captive. What we do know is ISIS holds at least one female aid worker, and possibly more. The International Federation of the Red Cross confirmed three aid workers who disappeared in October 2013 remain missing, but would not comment on their identities or who kidnapped them. Abductions and killings of aid workers are, unfortunately, nothing new, but the numbers are. According to Aidworkersecurity.org, at least 155 aid workers were killed in 2013, a 121% increase on 70 recorded killings the year before. Not all were victims of ISIS, a relatively new phenomenon given life by the chaos in embattled Syria. In fact, according to the same report, it is the Taliban who have historically kidnapped in the greatest numbers, in large part in Afghanistan. Here's the difference: ISIS is changing the game. The Taliban may have many reasons for abductions (flexing their muscles, negotiating prisoner releases), but they also have a record of frequent hostage release. The need for aid in a specific region and the level of the acceptance by the community matters, or mattered. For ISIS, it appears to matter less. Abducted aid workers are usually either a source of considerable income (ISIS demanded at least $6 million for Kayla Mueller, and reportedly $200 million for two Japanese hostages) or, failing that, their killings provide a lurid display of brutality for the world to witness. So far the number of hostages of all backgrounds freed by ISIS is extremely low, save for those whose ransoms were paid. The freeing of 19 kidnapped Assyrian Christians shocked many, because release is not a common part of ISIS' playbook. These tactics can serve as models to other extremist groups worldwide, who may look to emulate ISIS' model of abduction and violence. One example is West African extremist group Boko Haram, which released a video purportedly showing the beheading of two men claimed to be spies, an approach disturbingly similar to ISIS'. "Humanitarian work has always been risky, but it's never been more dangerous than it is now," says Caryl Stern, president and CEO of the U.S. Fund for UNICEF. "There used to be a time when an organization's flag provided a great deal of protection. That's no longer the case." The response in large part from aid agencies has not been to pull out of Syria and its environs altogether, but to rely almost exclusively on local staffers. Still, outside workers like Mueller, Kassig, Henning and Haines were inside Syria when they were taken, and the regional directors of aid agencies continue to travel there frequently in order to oversee operations. Not only that, but simply by virtue of working for a large aid agency, local staffers become bait. Indeed, the majority of victims have been working in their own countries. ISIS doesn't just target aid workers. Journalists, soldiers and anyone who conceivably could fetch a ransom are high on their hit list. But in the Wild West that is Syria and its borders, few of these remain, save for aid workers. In a space devoid of government, refugee camps and aid agencies are frequently seen as the only authorities, the new front line in the war on terror, a sometimes unwelcome association. And as ISIS spreads beyond Syria's borders, the risks grow further afield. Yet despite these risks, thousands of aid workers continue to work in a region where the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimates the number of refugees from conflict at more than 8 million. While some aid agencies rely on security personnel for protection, many are completely unarmed and are particularly vulnerable when in transit. Their security and locations for the most part are under constant review. When CNN approached a number of reputable aid agencies asking to speak to those who work or travel in the region about their experiences, and what drives them to remain despite an unprecedented threat level, many declined, in large part due to security concerns. For this reason, some of those mentioned below are wholly or partially anonymous. If I think back, I've been doing this work for about 20 years, and I remember we used to have this sense that there was some sort of protection, some sort of ... humanitarian space ... it feels very much like that is shrinking ... our job is becoming much, much more difficult; we're asking people to put themselves in harm's way in some circumstances. I mean, we don't do that, but it's not the exception any more. My family is not thrilled at all because what they see on the news is Westerners being kidnapped and beheaded ... when they worry, I worry about them and that doesn't help me be in a good state of mind to do my work. I'm very selective about where I say I go. I need to find ways to switch off and do silly things and not worry about the dire situation that's here, not just the humanitarian situation but ... being responsible for the people I'm responsible for in this region. I don't think people see the human side so much ... innocent people who through no fault of their own have been forced to flee their home one, two, three times -- who don't see a future for their children... Someone has to be there to help and support and provide some sense of safety and security, and I mean that in the personal sense of a mother who, when she goes to sleep at night with her children, she knows she has a blanket to keep them warm and something to feed them the next day. Fear is always there in the back of everyone's mind. We just need to continue what we're doing, stopping is not an option, halting our operations is not an option, and we are taking great risks, our staff are taking great risks. It is a difficult thing to tell family, to tell colleagues. Oftentimes I just don't mention all the details of where I go because they just don't need to know. But it needs to be done, we also can't run an operation remotely. ... I'm not going to the front lines, I'm not going to where the conflict is actually hot ... we're not adrenaline driven people. We want to be able to help the people and do our work and to do our work does entail taking some risks, but it's about calculated risks. We don't want to put ourselves directly in front of danger. If we say we give up on it for whatever reason -- security, morale, pressure from here, pressure from there -- no one else is going to come to take our place. There's not going to be another organization that's going to come and do more humanitarian aid and cover the gap that IOCC may create, that's not going to happen. So that puts more responsibility on the shoulders of our staff and the shoulders of our organization; we feel that responsibility that we've got to deliver on this thing. Donate to IOCC . There's an internal motivation that keeps you going. You feel that there are populations and people that need aid and require assistance, and know it's a choice that one makes and dedicate your life service. So yes, you need be of course strong, motivated, passionate, and of course feel the need to assist and deliver. It's an unprecedented time, and what we're calling the new normal ... as we've seen in the last year, the complete radicalization of these spaces with extremist groups, who have a very hard view in terms of cooperation with neutral and humanitarian organizations such as ours ... we're not the U.S. Army, we don't have a physical ability to repel. There may be in people's perceived minds there was a golden age of humanitarian acceptance: like if you were a charity and waved a white flag and drove a white car, you'd be protected by bad guys and loved by the community. I think that golden age is more myth than reality, but regarding today's reality it's extremely dangerous it's so true. And your flag, your neutrality, your white car, all the good intention you have, that recipe is very difficult in these complicated emergencies. There's a phrase that the U.N. uses and a lot of NGOs use which is "stay and deliver," so we have a humanitarian imperative to be there, but we always have to be in a risk management role; we have to critically look at: do the risks outweigh the benefits we hope to get? The fear factor comes in just managing the emotional toll it takes with your family and friends, and that has more of a toll, I think, with individual staff members than actual external environment ... frankly, sometimes I don't tell them till I'm already on my way so I don't have to have those calls before I even get on an airplane. It's hard; there are some areas where the family and friends don't understand why you're going there, and you re-articulate, "If not you, then who?" and you ask, "Would you want this in your neighborhood next door where no one comes to help you if something bad happened?" Donate to Mercy Corps . For ways to donate to organizations working to help refugees from ISIS and from the conflict in that region, go to CNN.com/ impact. CNN's Betsy Anderson and Julia Chan contributed to this report. | Numerous aid workers remain in Syria despite dangers . With a lack of government, more than 8 million refugees rely on aid agencies for food, shelter and medical care . Many aid agencies have no means of armed defense against attack . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)It's hardly news to state that air pollution is bad for people's health. What might be more surprising to learn, though, is that air pollution is bad for the health of an unborn child, long before his or her lungs ever take their first breath. A growing body of research indicates that various forms of air pollution have a measurable impact on the health of babies, both in utero and after birth. We imagine the infant to be protected inside its mother's body, but pollutants can reach the baby the same way nutrients and medicine do. Lead, mercury and particulate matter are among the types of air pollution we know can impact the health of infants before and after birth. Ozone, or smog, is the next candidate for addition to the list of air pollutants known to be harmful to fetal health. Over the past several years, a number of studies have indicated a likely link between higher levels of maternal ozone exposure and poor health outcomes in infants, including changes in lung structure and function, low birth weight and neuro-behavioral abnormalities. Many of these health effects can be expected to have lifelong consequences. These are deeply concerning results that require more investigation to understand fully. These studies add to a substantial amount of evidence showing the ill effects of ozone for people of all ages. Estimates place the toll in 2007 at 15,000 premature deaths related to ozone among individuals of all ages. Ozone also causes shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing, asthma attacks, increased risk of respiratory infections and increased need for people with lung diseases -- such as children with asthma -- to get medical treatment or be admitted to the hospital. How can a pregnant woman protect herself and her growing fetus from the harm caused by ozone? After all, ozone is usually invisible (except in certain cases, as smog) and high levels are undetectable to the average individual. Summertime air quality alerts may help in some cases, but some pregnant women cannot avoid exposure. In addition, studies confirm that these daily pollution alerts are inadequate to protect our health because they are based on the present federal ozone standard, which does not include evidence from current, critical health science. In other words, the alerts sometimes fail to accurately indicate when the air is dangerous to breathe. Thinking that it's safe to work or play outside when ozone pollution levels trigger a yellow air quality alert (indicating a "moderate" level for ozone pollution) can significantly threaten the health of many vulnerable individuals. In order to truly protect our children, we need strong, national standards limiting ozone. Ozone forms in the air from emissions from a number of sources, but the biggest culprits are cars, trucks and other motor vehicles, as well as power plants. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed new ozone standards in November that would bring limits in line with the science. EPA is accepting comments from the public on the standard until Tuesday, March 17, and both of our organizations have expressed support. An updated standard would help ensure we have access to accurate information about the air we breathe, and help drive reductions in ozone pollution to protect the health of all Americans. Strengthening the ozone standard to reflect the best current science will help save lives and protect our families, including pregnant women and their babies. | EPA has proposed stricter ozone standards . Authors: New anti-pollution rules would bring ozone level standards in line with what science tells us . |
How many full siblings did Fatemeh Pahlavi have? | Fatemeh Pahlavi was born in Tehran on 30 October 1928. She was the tenth child of Reza Shah and his fourth and last wife, Esmat Dowlatshahi. Her mother was from the Qajar dynasty and married Reza Shah in 1923. Fatemeh was the full-sister of Abdul Reza Pahlavi, Ahmad Reza Pahlavi, Mahmoud Reza Pahlavi and Hamid Reza Pahlavi. | 4 siblings: Abdul Reza Pahlavi, Ahmad Reza Pahlavi, Mahmoud Reza Pahlavi and Hamid Reza Pahlavi. |
What is the name of the family at the centre of the TV show Succession? | Succession is an American satirical black comedy-drama television series created by Jesse Armstrong. It premiered on June 3, 2018, on HBO. The series centers on the Roy family, the owners of Waystar RoyCo, a global media and entertainment conglomerate, who are fighting for control of the company amid uncertainty about the health of the family's patriarch, Logan Roy (Brian Cox). The series has been renewed for a fourth and final season, which premiered on March 26, 2023. | Succession centres on the Roy family, the owners of Waystar RoyCo |
How often should you brush your teeth? | Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free of disease and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing of the teeth (dental hygiene) and cleaning between the teeth. It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease and bad breath. The most common types of dental disease are tooth decay (cavities, dental caries) and gum diseases, including gingivitis, and periodontitis.
General guidelines for adults suggest brushing at least twice a day with a fluoridated toothpaste: brushing last thing at night and at least on one other occasion. Cleaning between the teeth is called interdental cleaning and is as important as tooth brushing. This is because a toothbrush cannot reach between the teeth and therefore only removes about 50% of plaque from the surface of the teeth. There are many tools to clean between the teeth, including floss, tape and interdental brushes; it is up to each individual to choose which tool they prefer to use. | Oral Hygiene is important to maintain a healthy mouth free of disease. Keeping one's mouth clean avoids problems such as bad breath as well as tooth decay, gum disease and gingivitis. General guidelines for adults suggest brushing at least twice a day with fluoridated toothpaste. A good strategy is to brush your teeth in the morning and before you go to bed each night. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The man accused of driving a souped-up Mustang that killed two men during an illegal street race in California was charged with murder - but an Instagram video may prove he wasn't at the wheel. Henry Gevorgyan was charged with two counts of murder today in connection with an illegal car race that was held on February 25 in Los Angeles. Gevorgyan, 21, turned himself in to authorities on Saturday and is being held on $2million bail. Scroll down for video . Henry Gevorgyan was charged with two counts of murder today after turning himself in over the weekend . Police say his souped-up gray Ford Mustang killed Eric Siguenza, 26, and 50-year-old Wilson Wong . Siguenza (pictured left) was killed when the Mustang (right) crashed during the race in LA on February 25 . The suspect is accused of killing Eric Siguenza, 26, and Wilson Wong, 50, when his gray Ford Mustang went out of control during the race in the Chatsworth section of the San Fernando Valley. A third man who has not been identified was seriously injured. Gevorgyan and another driver fled the scene after the crash, according to police. When Gevorgyan surrendered over the weekend at the Los Angeles Police Department's Central Division station, his lawyer Kate Hardie was with him, the LA Times reported. Hardie said: 'He's terrified. 'He wants to do the right thing and come forward.' She called her client a 'very nice kid' and said he is blameless for what happened because he was not behind the wheel of the Mustang when the crash occurred. A video posted on Instagram by Valley Racing may back up her claim. According to Hardie, a video of the race shows Gevorgyan standing between the two cars at the starting line and then flagging the start of the race with a flashlight. A video of appears to show a man who could be Gevorgyan standing between the two cars at the race . After he is seen at the starting line, the man flags the drivers to start the race using a flashlight in one hand . The video has been shared on social media. Some have been using the hashtag #FreeHendo with photos of Gevorgyan's face. Gevorgyan has never been arrested before. Before the charges were filed, LAPD officers said they were aware of the video. If Gevorgyan is convicted, he could face 33 years to life in prison. The other alleged driver has not been located. Before charges were filed, officers with the LAPD's Valley Traffic Division said they were aware of the video . Though it's in a commercial area, the crash's location has been used for illegal races for quite some time . The street where the crash happened is mainly deserted after dark and has long been used for illegal nighttime street races. Capt. John McMahon, commanding officer of the LAPD's Valley Traffic Division, told CNN that people should be aware that street racing is a dangerous activity. He said: 'Many view this as an entertainment, glamorous activity. 'I think it's important for the public to know that this is illegal, dangerous and an all too deadly activity.' | Henry Gevorgyan, 21, was charged with two counts of murder today . Gevorgyan turned himself in amid accusations about an illegal car race . Police say his Ford Mustang killed Eric Siguenza, 26, and Wilson Wong, 50 . Third man was seriously injured during incident on February 25 in Los Angeles . Gevorgyan is being held on $2million bail and faces 33 years to life in prison . Video circulating web may show Gevorgyan couldn't have been driving the car . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | One man alone is not going to save English cricket. The Kevin Pietersen storyline is a good'un, full of rage, intrigue and hypocrisy. But the longer it goes on, the less we will be inclined to analyse what really ails our game. England will not win or lose the Ashes on the basis of whether Pietersen returns. There aren't, after all, many examples of Test series being won by a single player: Harold Larwood needed Bill Voce during Bodyline, Ian Botham needed Bob Willis in 1981, Mitchell Johnson needed Brad Haddin in 2013-14. And a 35-year-old Pietersen is unlikely to be in any of those categories. If he does return, we may – briefly – get more people talking about cricket; he may produce some magic to belie his age; critics of Paul Downton may feel vindicated; it will almost certainly be a whole lot of fun. Kevin Pietersen shows off his latest flamboyant hairstyle on his way to the Fox Sports studio on Tuesday . That's the best-case scenario. But let's not pretend it would solve much. English cricket has always presided over a deeply imperfect system, one hampered by a fear of revolution. Occasionally we commission a serious report, which makes us feel progress is being made. But entertaining diversions are just as crucial to the psyche of the English cricket lover: they mean we can go easy on the self-analysis. From WG’s gamesmanship via Compton’s knee through to Botham’s extra-curriculars and KP’s tweets, our game has always quietly welcomed the glamorous, scurrilous sideshow, the tabloid tittle-tattle to balance out broadsheet sobriety. Yet if the game is reduced over the coming months to a string of will-he-won’t-he bulletins about the future of a player who has, at best, two years left at the highest level, then we will be doing the game a disservice. (I hope Pietersen proves me wrong. If he returns to international cricket, I hope he scores lots more Test hundreds and gives us all something to cheer about. The point of this article is not to pick on Pietersen.) Pietersen is gunning for an England recall after his exile from the side, but turns 35 in the summer . The batsman has enjoyed some stellar achievements with England, such as here after the 2005 Ashes win . Pietersen's antics entertain the public just as Ian Botham's extra-curricular activities once did. Here the all-rounder was pictured dressed as a rabbit next to team-mate Phil deFreitas in Melbourne in 1986 . What should concern English cricket right now is how one of the best-resourced teams in the world spent the World Cup looking like one of the worst; how an air of fatalism about their chances became a self-fulfilling prophecy; and how Downton appeared so intensely relaxed about the fact that England were miles off the pace. In fact, batting was not even the half of their problems – another reason why the Pietersen debate risks straying into red-herring territory. Five members of the top seven averaged over 35, with strike-rates ranging from Jos Buttler’s 135 to Ian Bell’s 77. These are not figures to win you a World Cup, but neither are they out-and-out disasters. Far worse was the bowling, with Jimmy Anderson and Stuart Broad taking nine wickets between them at an average of 55. Not until Chris Jordan was given a game against Bangladesh did anyone nail a yorker. Steven Finn went for nearly seven an over, which was expensive even by the standards of this World Cup. And the refusal to look at James Tredwell and Ravi Bopara until it was too late was plain stubborn. VIDEO We take responsibility for exit - Morgan . Stuart Broad was a key member of England's struggling bowling attack during the World Cup . Steven Finn (right) has gone backwards in both pace and achievement as a bowler . Chris Woakes has added pace but England's bowling stocks pale in comparison with the likes of Australia . These are all questions that should concern Colin Graves and Tom Harrison in the short term. But the long term is even more worrying: where are England’s fast bowlers going to come from? This is the area that has always been most poorly served by an overcrowded domestic schedule played on tired pitches. Even Anderson has always relied on craftsmanship rather than speed, while Broad keeps breaking down and Finn has slowed. How long before satisfaction over the extra yard of pace added by Chris Woakes gives way to another sense of anti-climax? For more musings on matters cricketing, please follow us on Twitter: @the_topspin . English fast bowlers emerge in spite of the system, not because of it. Pudding-like pitches help medium-pacers. Why waste all the effort of tearing in at 92mph when you can put it there or thereabouts – three words that get to the heart of English cricket – at 78mph and watch the grass do the rest? We can't simply blame the climate. A decade ago, Old Trafford would cause Steve Harmison to lick his lips. The Oval has had its moments too. Taunton makes bowlers work hard for their wickets. More damaging, we're left to conclude, is a domestic set-up which encourages fast bowlers to throttle back if they're to stand any chance of making it through the season. It shouldn't be the case that England feel the need to take promising young quicks out of the domestic game, away from the coaches who know them best. A glance at Australia's list of fast bowlers provides an unnerving glimpse of the future. If England are able to come up with an attack that regularly takes 20 wickets, then the inclusion or otherwise of one batsman will feel like an irrelevance. THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT WAS . Then again… . Michael Vaughan believes Kevin Pietersen has a 10 per cent chance of playing for England again. The mystery is why Pietersen isn't doing his best to increase the odds. Speaking on Fox Sports last week, he had some fair things to say about the way Peter Moores had handled England's World Cup campaign – but basic psychology tells you they were the kind of points better made by an out-and-out pundit, not a man hoping to resurrect his international career by working with… Moores! Peter Moores (left) will hardly be encouraged by his previous with Pietersen... and KP's latest comments . 'I heard the coach come out and say: "We don’t have a settled side",' said Pietersen. 'Well mate, you played six months of one-day cricket before that game. Even if you don’t think you've got a settled squad, you don’t go and tell the whole world you don’t have a settled squad." Later: 'I've played under Andy Flower and I had a worse relationship with Flower than I did with Moores.' It's fine to have these views. We all have thoughts we realise it's best to keep to ourselves. But, not for the first time, you do wonder: who, if anyone, is advising Kevin Pietersen? Eoin Morgan has conflicting IPL and England duties . Double standards? That said, it would be intriguing to know what Pietersen makes of Eoin Morgan's decision to place his IPL deal with Sunrisers Hyderabad ahead of England's trip to Dublin in May for a one-day international that has taken on an extra dimension following the World Cup farce. Pietersen has been criticised in the past – including by this writer – for seeking to place IPL commitments ahead of national duty. Yet the ECB's more relaxed approach to the IPL sheds a more sympathetic light on Pietersen's wishes. He has not always helped himself, but his contention that English cricket is riven with double standards is boosted by Morgan's position. And Morgan, don't forget, is England's one-day captain. A proud tradition . There was uproar last week when Zimbabwe's Herald newspaper published a nasty piece headlined 'Alcoholic dumps Zim out of WC' – a reference to a crucial catch held by Ireland's John Mooney to dismiss Sean Williams, with replays suggesting Mooney's foot made contact with the boundary as he held on. Mooney has previously admitted problems with drink and depression, though quite what this had to do with the incident in question was anyone's guess. Ireland's John Mooney was the subject of a cruel piece by Zimbabwe's Herald newspaper . Mooney helped Ireland eliminate Zimbabawe from the World Cup by catching out Sean Williams . TV replays suggested Mooney's foot touched the boundary rope, meaning the catch should not have stood . A South African colleague, however, suggested we were all misplacing our energy. So absurd, she said, was the Herald that it recently ran an editorial berating journalists for their coverage of Robert Mugabe's comedy stumble on a carpet at Harare airport. The Herald was so keen to prove that Mugabe's accident had nothing to do with his age (he is 91), and everything to do with a 'poorly laid-out carpet', that it solemnly listed other moments of high-society slapstick. The clinching proof that Bob was still fit as a fiddle? 'In 1975, US president Gerald Ford tumbled down the Air Force One Stairs while visiting Austria.' | Kevin Pietersen could be back in contention for England return . But controversial batsman will not win the Ashes on his own this summer . Peter Moores has more serious problem with England's bowling attack . James Anderson, Stuart Broad, Steven Finn et al are cause for concern . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Martin Pickering was bitten on the chest by a bus driver after he got into a row over the cost of the ticket as he travelled with his two young daughters . A father-of-two was left scarred after he boarded a bus with his two young daughters and the driver bit him as they argued about the price of the journey. Martin Pickering, 38, attempted to take a photo of the driver of the Arriva bus in Derby he had boarded after he refused to give him his name when Mr Pickering questioned him about the price of the journey for himself and his daughters, aged six and eight. But the driver was clearly angered by Mr Pickering's attempts to take a photograph and lunged at him, sinking his teeth into his chest. Mr Pickering, who is 6ft 10ins tall, said: 'When you get on a bus you don't expect you to end up being someone's lunch. 'I mean, who bites people? I was so taken aback. I couldn't believe it had happened.' The driver of the double decker bus has been cautioned by police and Mr Pickering has been awarded an out of court settlement. Mr Pickering was travelling back from a day out in Derby with his daughters,to his home on the outskirts of the city. He claims the driver on the number 45 bus charged him around £1.50 more for the outbound journey than he paid for the tickets on the way into the city. Mr Pickering sent his daughters to sit on the top deck and then claimed he attempted to reason with the driver who refused to give him an explanation. He said: 'He charged me a different price from the way into town. 'I was asking him for an explanation, but he couldn't give me one and was just being grumpy and mumbling. Mr Pickering was paid an out of court settlement of £1,500 after the bus driver lunged at him and bit him . 'I asked him for his details but he wasn't really saying anything. 'I couldn't see his badge so I took my phone out and I thought to myself that a photo of him would be just as good to take to the company. 'But he put the engine off, and it turned the lights off on the bus, and he started to get his paperwork together and he put his hand up and he knocked it out of my hand. 'It went to the floor. 'Then he bit me. He bit me on the boob. Mr Pickering was bitten by the driver of a number 45 Arriva bus as he rowed over the ticket price in Derby . 'He was only 5ft 10 and I'm 6ft 10. I assume if we were the same height he would have bitten higher.' Security officers then boarded the bus and the police were called. A spokeswoman for Derbyshire Police confirmed the driver was arrested the following day on suspicion of assault and was cautioned. Martin hired solicitors who have now secured a £1,500 out of court settlement following the incident in December 2013. A spokesman for Arriva said: 'Arriva Midlands carried out a full and thorough investigation into this serious matter at the time and took appropriate action as per its policies and procedures.' | Martin Pickering boarded an Arriva bus in Derby with his two daughters . He queried the price of the ticket and claims bus driver refused to respond . Driver refused to give his name so Mr Pickering tried to take a photo of him . Bus driver lunged for the father-of-two and sunk teeth into his chest . Police boarded bus and arrested and cautioned the driver for assault . Mr Pickering was given a £1,500 out of court settlement for the attack . |
What is Sim racing | Simulated racing or racing simulation, commonly known as simply sim racing, are the collective terms for racing game software that attempts to accurately simulate auto racing, complete with real-world variables such as fuel usage, damage, tire wear and grip, and suspension settings. To be competitive in sim racing, a driver must understand all aspects of car handling that make real-world racing so difficult, such as threshold braking, how to maintain control of a car as the tires lose traction, and how properly to enter and exit a turn without sacrificing speed. It is this level of difficulty that distinguishes sim racing from arcade racing-style driving games where real-world variables are taken out of the equation and the principal objective is to create a sense of speed as opposed to a sense of realism.
Jann Mardenborough, a sim racer became a professional Nissan racing driver by playing Gran Turismo.
Due to the complexity and demands of mimicking real-life driving, racing sims require faster computers to run effectively, as well as a steering wheel and pedals for the throttle and brakes for the immersion.
Many cars are digitally recreated for sim racing like this BMW Z4 GT3 from Assetto Corsa.
While using a simple gamepad, joystick or even a mouse and keyboard may suffice for most arcade-style driving games on home systems, it won't provide the same level of immersion and realism as using a racing wheel and pedals. In recent years, many sim racing experiences have been developed for consoles, such as the PlayStation and Xbox. While these games can be played with a controller, it is recommended that players invest in a racing wheel and pedals. With the development of online racing, the ability to drive against human opponents and computer AI offline is the closest many will come to driving cars on a real track. Even those who race in real-world competition use simulations for practice or for entertainment. With continued development of the physics engine software that forms the basis of these sims, as well as improved hardware (providing tactile feedback), the experience has become more realistic.
In general, sim racing gameplay style applied in several video games like iRacing, Assetto Corsa and Assetto Corsa Competizione, Gran Turismo, among others. | Sim Racing is simulating car racing as accurately as possible using racing game software and hardware. To be competitive, drivers need to understand all aspects of car handling and setup. This creates a high level of complexity, which differentiates sim racing from arcade racing-style games. |
Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what corpus was the first model in OpenAI's GPT series trained in 2018 on? | A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.
Properties
Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training.
Hallucinations
Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.
Emergent abilities
On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.
Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.
Architecture and training
Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or "filling in the blanks", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.
The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.
LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.
A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).
Application to downstream tasks
Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via "prompting" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.
Fine-tuning
Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)
Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be "frozen", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).
Prompting
See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)
In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In "few-shot prompting", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:
Review: This movie stinks.
Sentiment: negative
Review: This movie is fantastic!
Sentiment:
If the model outputs "positive", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be "The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is".
Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.
Instruction tuning
Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt "Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet." might provide a completion such as "A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17." In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, "self-instruct", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model | BookCorpus. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester City are monitoring Malaga's latest starlet Jose Luis Zalazar, known as Kuki. The 16-year-old is the son of former Uruguay international Jose Luis Zalazar but plays for Spain at U17 level where he is regarded as the star turn. Liverpool have been on his trail for over a year. He is a left-footed striker who can play across the front line and has already played for Malaga's first team in friendlies. Kuki is being tracked by the some of the Premier League's big boys and could leave Malaga in the summer . Kuki signed his first professional contract at Malaga last summer and his release clause fee is set at £4.4million but that doubles should he make his first team debut. City beat Real Madrid and Barcelona last year to sign 14-year-old Brahim Abdelkader Diaz from Malaga's academy set-up and are ready to challenge Chelsea and Liverpool for Kuki. Chelsea are also tracking Anderlecht youngster Aaron Iseka. A 17-year-old striker who has already played 11 games for Anderlecht's senior team and has scored one goal. Manuel Pellegrini and his side are watching Kuki and Anderlecht youngster Aaron Iseka . | Jose Luis Zalazar 'Kuki' is being scouted by the Premier League giants . The 16-year-old is regarded as one of the brightest talents in Spain . Kuki has a release clause of £4.4million after signing a new contract . CLICK HERE for all the latest Premier League news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | British No 1 Andy Murray is finally back-to his best after an injury-plagued and frustrating 2014, and is on the verge of rediscovering his best form – that's according to mum Judy Murray. It has been an electric start to the new season for Murray – his quarter-final win against Spaniard Feliciano Lopez last month was enough to see him pass Tim Henman for the most wins by a British player in the open era – it was the 497th victory of his career at the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells. Murray was also a beaten finalist in this year's Australian Open by world No 1 Novak Djokovic back in January, while after reaching the semi-final in Indian Wells last week, Murray is now the second highest points scorer on the ATP Tour this year. Andy Murray poses with fans after his practice at the Crandon Park in Miami . Murray practices for his first match at the 2015 Miami Open at the Crandon Park . A look at the 'Race for London' confirms this has been a decent start to the year for Murray, with him ahead of Tomas Berdych, Stan Wawrinka and Roger Federer, in that order. Mum Judy – the current captain of the women's Fed Cup team and star of reality television show Strictly Come Dancing – is convinced Murray's back operation in late 2013 severely hampered his performances across the last 12 months. And she feels son Andy, who is marrying Kim Sears on April 11 in Dunblane Cathedral, is only just starting to move as he did in 2013 when he lifted the Wimbledon title and challenged the supremacy of Djokovic as the world's best player on a near weekly basis. Murray is put through his paces ahead of the Miami Open . Murray had a difficult 2014 due to a back injury but is back to his best now according to mum Judy . '2014 was a difficult year for Andy because he was returning from back surgery and any kind of surgery you just don't recover quickly from,' said Judy Murray, speaking at the SSE Arena at Wembley, where she is a mentor for SSE's Next Generation programme, which provides vital financial and development support to 100 young athletes from across the UK and Ireland. 'But I think when it's in your back it takes a long time to get it to the stage where you can put it through what you need to, to play tennis at the very top level and I think once he got into the back end of the season he finished it very strong. 'He won three tournaments, he qualified for the end of year finals and finished the year at six in the world, which is an incredible achievement considering he had what he would say was an inconsistent season. Amelie Mauresmo watches Murray during practice in Miami . 'But then he had a really good off season with his coach Amelie Mauresmo and played incredible tennis all the way through Australia and the preparation events. 'That was a really good sign and it was good to see him back moving well and happy and healthy and playing his best tennis. 'And I think we saw some of his best tennis again at Indian Wells, which was great to see, so I think he's back on track and he's happy and he's healthy.' Murray is hopeful of adding to his coaching team this week; with the appointment of former world number four Jon Bjorkman. The Swede will join as an assistant to Amelie Mauresmo sometime after he finishes his involvement in a Swedish television dance show. The arrival of Bjorkman to Team Murray is timely after Djokovic dismantled the world No.4 at Indian Wells; the defeat sparked a Twitter row with a disgruntled fan and highlighted the urgent improvements needed if the Scot is to challenge for Grand Slam titles again. But mum Judy has called on fans to be patient as Murray rebuilds his career; while she is convinced another major title is only just around the corner. 'I think you have to remember that Novak is the best player in the world presently and no match against him is ever going to be easy,' she added. 'Andy made the semi-finals of the French Open last year and has a good game for clay because he is a great athlete and has a great engine on him. 'Growing up, we trained a lot on clay in Barcelona. He played a lot on hard courts in Scotland, albeit indoors, so that will always be in my opinion his best surface. 'The grass season is very short and less of the top players play well on grass because they don't have grass courts in their country, so they are not used to it. 'So I think grass always presents itself a big opportunity for any British player. 'But I think Andy's goal is the same as it was when he was a little boy, he wants to win Grand Slams and he wants to be the best. 'He has a very good record in Grand Slams over the last four or five years so he will be out there and doing his best.' SSE's Next Generation programme partners with SportsAid to provide financial support and training to the sports stars of the future. Keep up to date with the latest @SSENextGen . | Andy Murray is in America preparing for the Miami Open . Murray suffered a back injury in 2014 and was not at his best . Mum Judy says her son has nowremoved and playing his best tennis . |
What is the length of the song "The New Deal"? | Side A
1. "H2O Gate Blues" – 7:58 (about the Watergate break-in and cover-up) (from Winter in America)
2. "We Beg Your Pardon (Pardon our Analysis)" – 7:52 (about the pardon of Richard Nixon) (from The First Minute of a New Day)
3. "The New Deal" – 3:10
Side B
4. "Jose Campos Torres" – 2:36 (about Jose Campos Torres, a U.S. Army veteran who was arrested and then murdered and tossed into a bayou by two police officers in Houston in 1978, spurring the Moody Park Riot)
5. "The Ghetto Code (Dot Dot Dit Dit Dot Dot Dash)" – 12:57
6. "Bicentennial Blues" – 8:39 (from It's Your World) | 3:10 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Failure has become a formality for London Welsh and relegation became a reality after they suffered their 18th consecutive Aviva Premiership defeat in a dire meeting with Bath. This was more ‘Sloppy Sunday’ than ‘Super Saturday’ as torrential weather conditions dictated an arm wrestle that confirmed the end of the Exiles’ short-lived spell back in the top flight. For Welsh coach Rowland Phillips, on his first game in charge since taking over from Justin Burnell, it spelt the beginning of a long and painful rebuilding process to get the Oxford-based franchise back to where they want to be. ‘We have to learn our lessons,’ said Phillips. ‘There is honest ambition throughout the club and the mindset has to be about improving. We will have one eye on next season. London Welsh's relegation from the Aviva Premiership was confirmed following their defeat by Bath . Opeti Fonua (centre) scores a try for London Welsh during his side's 29-14 loss against Bath . Alan Awcock tackles Semesa Rokoduguni during the Aviva Premiership match at Kassam Stadium . ‘People could say “that’s it” and wind down for the rest of the season but we’re too proud to switch off and wait for the summer holidays.’ The Exiles have a 653-point deficit going into the final four games of the season but this was one of their narrower defeats against a Bath side that will need to improve exponentially if they are going to challenge Leinster in this Saturday’s Champions Cup quarter-final. ‘The conditions were terrible,’ said Bath director of rugby Mike Ford. ‘We’ll put that game in the bin and next week will be a different spectacle.’ Running into torrential wind and rain in the first half, Bath scored twice inside 23 minutes through Rob Webber and Leroy Houston. Micky Young of Bath holds the ball as Tom Honer of Bath kicks a conversion in windy condition . Nick Auterac of Bath is tackled by Lachlan McCaffrey as he attempts to make his way up the field . The visitors had rested their England quartet — George Ford, Jonathan Joseph, Anthony Watson and Dave Attwood — and their qualities were missed as Welsh edged back through Nic Reyonlds. They were urged on by a meagre home crowd but hopes of a comeback were dented when Nathan Trevett was sin-binned. With the biblical conditions subsiding, Bath extended their lead when Sam Burgess — who Ford revealed will be involved on Saturday — broke through two defenders. The floodgates soon opened. Houston forced his way over off the back of a scrum and, three minutes later, Alafoti Faosiliva darted through after Carl Fearns intercepted a loose pass. The Exiles’ giant No 8 Opeti Fonua, bound for Leicester next season, crashed over for a late try but the damage was long done. | London Welsh's fate was sealed following defeat by Bath . The Exiles lost their 18th straight match despite impressing against Bath . Bath led 10-7 at the interval before going on to win 29-14 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Miami Beach police are searching for a runaway teen girl who has harmed herself in the past and is considered to be in danger. April Kayla Flores, 13, who has previously cut herself, was sent to her room after being punished by her mother before she went missing on Friday, according to police. Police said the teen had been rebelling, possibly drinking, getting into altercations at school and spending time with adult men, according to CBS Miami. Miami Beach Police are searching for April Kayla Flores, 13, who has been missing since Friday . Her mother went to her daughter's room to check on her when she realized she had left, possibly through a rear door. The girl's friends mentioned through posts on Instagram that she could be heading to Tampa and that she might harm herself. The Florida missing child alert said she was last seen in the area of the 4000 block of Sheridan Avenue in Miami Beach. Flores is described as a white female with brown hair, hazel eyes and stands 4'11'' tall and weighs 95lb. The teen girl was last seen in the area (pictured) of the 4000 block of Sheridan Avenue in Miami Beach . | April Kayla Flores from Miami Beach, Florida left home after being punished . Police said teen is an 'endangered runaway' who has been showing signs of rebellion including getting into fights at school . Friends mentioned she could be headed to Tampa and might harm herself . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A warrior beetle lived up to its name when it was recorded dispatching a devil scorpion with little effort. A man placed the two creatures into a container to show what happens they face off, warning viewers that the invertebrate would feed on its natural prey. After feeling out their environment, the combatants lock horns in battle to the death. The competitors begin by feeling out their environments before they approach each other and lock horns . Sensing its predator the scorpion turns and tries to make a run for it. But the beetle steamrolls forward and is undeterred by its competitor’s sting. It dives at the scorpion's tail and clamps on with its powerful pincers. After coming face-to-face with the beetle, the scorpion tries to get away but its competitor clamps down on its tail . The scorpion attempts to get away by running over the piece of wood but the beetle holds it in place with its huge pincers . Chasing the scorpion around the container, the beetle maintains its grip on the tail and hangs from it as its competitor attempts to make a getaway. Despite the scorpion turning and attempting to fend off the beetle on a number of occasions, the outcome is inevitable and eventually it starts to slow down. Releasing the tail – now bent and crooked – the beetle jumps on the scorpion’s right pincer before returning to the tail and chopping it in half. Dispatched: The beetle leaves the scene of the crime after chopping the scorpion in half with its pincers . According to the video's creator, warrior beetles, known scientifically as Pasimachus californicus, eat devil scorpions in the wild. Both are inhabitants of the Sonora Desert of the American Southwest, and the devil scorpion is considered a pest species in Arizona as it often enters homes and stings the occupants. Despite its nasty sting however, the beetle’s strong armour is impervious to it. | The one-sided battle took place in a plastic container . The beetle latched onto and snipped off the scorpion's tail . Both inhabit the Sonora Desert of the American Southwest . The beetle's armour is impervious to the scorpion's sting . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Jordan Spieth has Rory McIlroy and the world No.1 spot firmly in his sights after winning the Valspar Championship on Sunday. Spieth won a three-way play-off with a 28-foot birdie on the third extra hole to become only the fourth player since 1940 to win twice on the PGA Tour before turning 22. It is a feat that not even McIlroy mastered with Tiger Woods, Sergio Garcia and Robert Gamez the only players to have achieved that particular accolade in the past 75 years. But it is the Northern Irishman that is within Spieth's focus heading towards Augusta. "I like studying the game, being a historian of the game," Spieth told the PGA Tour website. "It's really cool to have my name go alongside those. "But right now currently what I'm really focused on is Rory McIlroy and the No.1 in the world. That's who everyone is trying to chase. "That's our ultimate goal to eventually be the best in the world and this is a great, great stepping stone. But going into the four majors of the year, to have closed one out in this kind of fashion is going to give me a lot of confidence." Spieth has long been heralded as the next big thing in golf -- shining in the amateur ranks with two U.S. junior titles and leading last year's Masters after the third round before eventually finishing tied for second, three shots behind Bubba Watson. On Sunday, he held his nerve at the Innisbrook Resort in Palm Harbor, Florida, to hold on for the victory. He first rescued par on the 16th with a 60-foot bunker shot and needed a 32-foot putt to ensure his place in the playoff, which he duly holed. It was a putt of similar length that ensured a second Tour win to add to his John Deere Classic success in July 2013, which he also won courtesy of a playoff making him the youngest PGA Tour winner for 82 years at the time. | Jordan Spieth only the fourth player since 1940 to seal two PGA Tour wins under age of 22 . Golfing's newest star sets his sights on usurping Rory McIlroy as the world's No.1 . Confidence is high going into the Masters, in which he finished second a year ago . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Paul Britton, pictured arriving at the employment tribunal in Reading, Berkshire, claims he was called a 'paedo' and forced to get changed in a disabled toilet during a campaign of abuse . A gay swimming instructor was called a 'paedo' by his manager ordered to get changed in a disabled toilet away from others, a tribunal heard today. Paul Britton claims he was referred to as a 'f****t' and a 'gayboy' and was told he should not be teaching young children, during a campaign of abuse by leisure centre colleagues. Staff members also sent him lewd photographs on Snapchat - including one featuring a workmate in a mankini - in a bid to hound him out of his job, the hearing was told. The homosexual instructor, who is also a trainee lawyer, told a judge that managers at the leisure centre had tried to make his life unbearable because he had exposed their 'lies' at an employment tribunal where he represented a disabled colleague. He told the tribunal that he had worked at the centre for three years without incident prior to the tribunal, which resulted in his employers having to pay out a hefty settlement. Shortly after that, he claimed his line manager, Graham Ashby, started the tirade of homophobic abuse. The 31-year-old said the campaign of abuse began in June 2013, when Mr Ashby called him a 'greedy gay' after overhearing him tell a colleague he was going to order a Dominos pizza. 'I was deeply upset about this comment and completely offended,' he told the tribunal in Reading, Berkshire. A month later he said Mr Ashby ordered him not to use the male changing rooms as it was 'inappropriate' and told him to use the disabled toilet instead. 'When I asked him why, he explained that if I was to use the male communal changing area it would be like him using the female changing area. 'I did not want to give Graham Ashby a reason to discipline me or give me a hard time, especially in front of others. The tribunal heard Mr Ashby then approached the experienced swimming instructor and told him it was 'wrong' for him to teach children. 'When I asked him why, he asked me if I was a Tory. I responded, I told him that I was a Conservative to which he said 'gay and Tory can mean only one thing'. 'I asked him 'what does that mean then?' to which he laughed and said 'paedo' and walked away. 'I was deeply offended and so shocked that I had to go home, saying that I felt unwell.' Mr Britton, who lives in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, told the tribunal that he had felt increasingly ostracised when he returned from work after successfully representing disabled colleague Dale Moore at an employment tribunal. The pair worked together High Wycombe Sports Centre, which is run by Parkwood Leisure, based in Bishops Stortford. 'When I returned to work relationships became strained for me. I had questioned and interrogated a number of senior managers at Parkwood whilst at the tribunal. 'I felt that my support of Mr Moore had been seen as negative by those that employed me. I felt ostracised by those that were involved in the Dale Moore case.' Among the torrent of abuse was a series of images sent to him on social networking app Snapchat showing colleagues in lewd and compromising positions, the tribunal heard. Mr Britton, dressed in a smart pinstripe suit and white shirt, told the hearing that the photos were sent by colleague Ben Mitchell which included an image of his flatmate and a fellow leisure centre employee, William Stroud, wearing a revealing mankini. Mr Britton told the tribunal that he had felt increasingly ostracised when he returned from work at High Wycombe Sports Centre (pictured) after successfully representing disabled colleague Dale Moore at an employment tribunal . Another photo featured an image of Mr Mitchell containing the words 'waistcoat...no shirt...gay cowboy' and a different picture of him headbutting a melon. 'I took this as a direct threat to my personal safety and I was fearful,' said Mr Britton. He told the judge he had found the images degrading and disgusting and thought they were homophobic. However, when he complained to Mr Ashby, the manager told him to 'lighten up' and that it was just 'banter.' He told the hearing that Mr Ashby had also made jibes about his hair loss including saying 'here comes the bald queer' which he described as 'very hurtful.' 'I believe that Graham Ashby's comments were made because he does not like homosexuals and that he would do anything to be nasty and create difficulties for me at work because of my assistance to Dale Moore in 2012. 'I had started to question my sexuality which I had never done before. I no longer wanted to get out of bed in the mornings. I had stopped going to the gym to train and to the pool to swim leisurely. I did not want to leave the house. I was frightened to go to the sport centre.' He also claimed that, in another incident, Duty Manager Joel Hoyte told him to take off his wetsuit by the poolside in front of a young boy, even though he said he had nothing on underneath. 'Mr Hoyte's behaviour towards me was aggressive,' he added.' I thought he was going to physically attack me in the pool. He was so angry and hostile towards me. The public and staff that were present were completely silent.' Mr Britton told the hearing that he had now given up hope of resuming his teaching career. 'I'm effectively prohibited from using pools near to me because of the events and the individuals,' he said. Defending the centre, Jeff Middleton said his claims of homophobia were not true and added: 'You left because you didn't want the practice on one to ones to change and you didn't like being told not to wear your wetsuit in the pool.' Colleagues of Mr Britton agreed he had been 'singled out' for abusive treatment because he was gay. Former centre manager Michael Walker told the tribunal that the 31-year-old had been overlooked for a promotion because of his sexuality. He said superior Mr Ashby, told him in a meeting that he did not think a 'gay' should run the swimming school because 'we might lose customers.' Mr Walker added that staff had been told to 'keep the heat off' Mr Ashby and said: 'In essence he was untouchable and was allowed to operate outside of the normal rules . 'Almost every month Graham Ashby would ask me to check Paul Britton's timesheets. He never told me why, not did he ever ask me to do this for any of the other swimming instructors.' Leisure assistant Mark Gee spoke of the bullying culture at the centre and said the environment was 'the worst I have worked in.' 'Joel Hoyte likes to throw his weight around...he is power hungry. He said to me once in staff training that he likes the fear he induces,' he said. He added that Nicola Allen, who was chairing a grievance hearing into the dispute, told him that homophobic remarks such as 'alright gayboy' were 'banter' and 'part of the environment of working in leisure.' Swimming instructor Alex Jones recalled an incident when Mr Ashby made apparently derogatory remarks about Mr Britton's partner. He said he was in the swim office with Mr Britton and his partner Daniel Beech when Mr Ashby walked in and said 'Paul and I are going to run away together.' When Mr Britton explained that Mr Beech was his boyfriend, Mr Ashby said 'each to their own' before waving his hands in the air and walking off. 'I did not know if Graham Ashby's comments were made because Paul Britton and Daniel Beech are homosexual and that he disapproved of their relationship, or if it was because Daniel Beech is half Chinese. 'I do believe either of the reasons for his comment would have made it inappropriate to say and clearly, in my opinion, discriminatory in nature.' The tribunal was adjourned until tomorrow. | Paul Britton the target for abuse by staff at High Wycombe Sports Centre . Tribunal heard the 31-year-old was referred to as 'gayboy' and 'paedo' Also ordered to get changed in a disabled toilet during campaign of abuse . Abuse began after Mr Brittton represented disabled colleague at a tribunal . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | They have made well over 1000 appearances between them for Barcelona, but Andres Iniesta has admitted that he sometimes struggles to play in the same team as Xavi. The pair are Barcelona legends, having been at the club since the beginning of their careers, but after their win at the weekend Iniesta produced some surprising comments about his oldest team-mate and friend. 'Sometimes I get the feeling that it seems we can't play together,' Iniesta told Marca. Andres Iniesta and Xavi (right) have had a long, successful career together in Barcelona's first team . Despite their incredible careers, Iniesta (left) says that he sometimes struggles to play alongside Xavi . 'But it is always a privilege to be by his side because not only does he make your job easier, but he also makes the team work better. 'Sometimes, as with all players, things don't work out. We have been together for a long time now and the feelings are always very good, though.' At 30 and 35 respectively, Iniesta and Xavi have had long and illustrious careers at the Nou Camp, collecting trophy after trophy under a number of different managers. Since Iniesta made his debut in 2002, the pair have been regulars in the first team at Barcelona . Iniesta, at the age of 30, impressed in the midfield on Sunday in the Barcelona midfield against Rayo Vallecano . But together they have remained, and when Barcelona took to the field to face Rayo Vallecano on Sunday, there they were in the midfield once more. Barcelona trounced Rayo Vallecano 6-1 to take them top of La Liga for the first time since October. Perhaps a rare feat this season, but something wonderfully ordinary for two players that have spent all of their careers at the very top of the game. Iniesta drives a shot through the Vallecano defence as Barcelona eased to a 6-1 win in La Liga . Iniesta and Xavi stand alongside then team-mate Thierry Henry at the end of the 2009-10 season . Iniesta though, is still focused on the matches to come. Eibar in the league, Manchester City in the Champions League, and then a Clasico to potentially decide the title. 'More important than being at the top or not is the general feeling of the team after the game we just played,' Iniesta continued. 'We feel good and have to continue along that line. We have two or three months left to go - not long, but the most complicated part.' Like our Barcelona Facebook page. | Barcelona star Andres Iniesta says he struggles in the same team as Xavi . Xavi and Iniesta have been in Barcelona's first team together since 2002 . Iniesta went on to say that it is still a privilege to play alongside Xavi . Barcelona beat Rayo Vallecano 6-1 on Sunday to go top of La Liga . CLICK HERE for all the latest Barcelona news . |
Tell me about the album The Any Day Now | The Any Day Now EP is Elbow's third release. This EP was released through Elbow's first record label Ugly Man Records, as well as their second record label V2 Records. Both EPs each have a different track listing.
The song "George Lassoes the Moon" on the Ugly Man Records version of the EP differs from the version on The Noisebox EP. Not only is it a minute shorter, but it also is musically more produced than the rough first version. "Wurzel" is an instrumental song. | The Any Day Now EP is Elbow's third release. This EP was released through Elbow's first record label Ugly Man Records, as well as their second record label V2 Records. Both EPs each have a different track listing.
The song "George Lassoes the Moon" on the Ugly Man Records version of the EP differs from the version on The Noisebox EP. Not only is it a minute shorter, but it also is musically more produced than the rough first version. "Wurzel" is an instrumental song. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | West Brom are working with police to identify supporters seen in a video appearing to let off fire extinguishers and throwing objects inside Villa Park during Saturday's FA Cup quarter-final against Aston Villa. The match, which Tim Sherwood's side won 2-0 to secure a place in the semi-final of the competition, was marred by supporter disturbances before, during and after the encounter. 'We are aware of the video footage and are working with police and the club's own security personnel to identify the culprits, who will face appropriate action,' a West Brom spokesman said on Monday. West Brom are working with police after footage emerged of supporters appearing to let off fire extinguishers . A supporter is covered in the foam from a fire extinguisher at Villa Park on Saturday . Objects appear to be thrown about by the supporters who are in the video . The ground appears to be covered in foam from the spraying of fire extinguishers . Trouble flared before, during and after the Villa Park showdown, including the pitch invasion . Aston Villa fans celebrated by racing on to the pitch following their 2-0 victory over West Brom at Villa Park . Aston Villa have not commented on the footage. The two-and-a-half minute long video shows supporters appearing to spray foam from fire extinguishers over each other and throwing what seems to be an empty bin around in the food and drink area inside the stand. The FA announced earlier on Monday it has contacted both clubs for their observations in relation to the crowd incidents and is also liasing with West Midlands police. The FA announced on Monday it has contacted both clubs, asking for their observations . Supporters managed to get on to the pitch to celebrate Scott Sinclair scoring Villa's second goal . Fabian Delph celebrates scoring Villa's opening goal in the FA Cup victory over West Brom . Fans ran onto the pitch before full time and seats were thrown from the North Stand, where the away fans were situated. West Brom manager Tony Pulis has already been quick to condemn the scenes, calling for any supporters who are found guilty of throwing seats to receive lifetime bans. | Aston Villa's FA Cup victory over West Brom was marred by crowd trouble . New footage has emerged of West Brom fans in a disturbance at Villa Park . Fire extinguishers are let off and bins are thrown around inside the stand . |
Using examples from the text, list some popular songs from the album For Bitter or Worse. | For Bitter or Worse is the sixth studio album from the Dutch singer Anouk. The album was released on 18 September 2009, via the record label EMI.
The first single from the album, "Three Days in a Row" was released in August. It reached the top of the Netherlands charts in September 2009, making it Anouk's first number one in the country. In June of the same year, one of the songs recorded for the album, "Today", was released as promo material. It was so successful that, despite never being released as an official single, the song reached number 50 in the Dutch chart. The second single Woman, was sent to radio stations at the end of October 2009. After just one day the single was at number one on airplay chart. The single was released physically on 24 November 2009. | Popular songs from the album For Bitter or Worse include "Three Days in a Row" and "Today". |
How many runs did Sachin score in the 2011 world cup? | 2003: Cricket World Cup
Tendulkar made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, helping India reach the final. While Australia won, Tendulkar was given the Man of the Tournament award.
He continued to score heavily in ODI cricket that year, with two hundreds in a tri-series involving New Zealand and Australia. As a part-time bowler, he dismissed an exhausted centurion, Matthew Hayden, in the tri-series final. | Tendulkar made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, helping India reach the final. While Australia won, Tendulkar was given the Man of the Tournament award |
Which award did Rustam win and in what year was it awarded? | Rustam Gasparyan was an Armenian military officer and politician. In 2020 he was posthumously awarded the Hero of Artsakh military award. | The Hero of Artsakh military award, in 2020 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | While Harry Kane was celebrating his first senior England call-up on Thursday, Burnley’s Danny Ings had to be content with a place in the Under 21 squad to face Germany and the Czech Republic. Ings has emerged as one of the most exciting strikers in the country alongside Kane this season, and is attracting interest from both Manchester clubs, Liverpool and Real Sociedad as his contract at Turf Moor runs down. Burnley manager Sean Dyche says he will be ‘amazed’ if Ings is not rewarded by Roy Hodgson soon. Burnley striker Danny Ings was left out of Roy Hodgson's England squad despite his recent good form . Ings' manager at club level, Sean Dyche, has said the England senior rejection won't get him down . Ings (centre) in action for England U21 in a friendly match against France in Brest last November . ‘I don’t think it will affect him not being included,’ said Dyche. ‘He’s said to me, “I think I’ve got a big chance”. He’ll just get on with it. I’d be amazed if he doesn’t get recognised enough to get in the main squad as long as he has the will and desire to train and continue learning, because that’s where careers are built.’ Meanwhile, Queens Park Rangers manager Chris Ramsey feels Charlie Austin was more deserving than Kane of a place in Hodgson’s squad. ‘He is doing it in a team that is struggling at the foot of the table and he has still scored quite a few goals this season,’ said Ramsey. ‘It goes to show that he is a quality player and he will shine wherever he plays.’ Queens Park Rangers striker Charlie Austin was not selected in Roy Hodgson's England squad . Harry Kane celebrates after scoring for Tottenham Hotspur against Arsenal at White Hart Lane last month . Goalkeepers . Marcus Bettinelli (Fulham) Jonathan Bond (Watford) Jack Butland (Stoke City) Defenders . Calum Chambers (Arsenal) Eric Dier (Tottenham Hotspur) Luke Garbutt (Everton) Ben Gibson (Middlesbrough) Carl Jenkinson (West Ham, on loan from Arsenal) Michael Keane (Burnley) Liam Moore (Brentford, on loan from Leicester City) John Stones (Everton) Matt Targett (Southampton) Midfielders . Tom Carroll (Swansea City, on loan from Tottenham Hotspur) Nathaniel Chalobah (Reading, on loan from Chelsea) Jake Forster-Caskey (Brighton and Hove Albion) Will Hughes (Derby County) Jesse Lingard (Derby County, on loan from Manchester United) Alex Pritchard (Brentford, on loan from Tottenham Hotspur) Nathan Redmond (Norwich City) James Ward-Prowse (Southampton) Forwards . Patrick Bamford (Middlesbrough, on loan from Chelsea) Saido Berahino (West Bromwich Albion) Danny Ings (Burnley) Callum Wilson (Bournemouth) | Burnley striker Danny Ings was not selected for the England senior squad . Ings was called up to the U21 squad to face Germany and Czech Republic . Burnley manger Sean Dyche insists the rejection won't affect Ings . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Barcelona will look to continue their challenge for the La Liga title when they welcome Rayo Vallecano to the Nou Camp on Sunday, but have to make do without Neymar. Neymar trained on Saturday morning with his team-mates ahead of their match against mid-table Vallecano as manager Luis Enrique looks to put pressure on leaders Real Madrid. But the Brazilian is suspended after picking up his fifth yellow card of the season against Granada at the end of February, and is set to be replaced by 27-year-old forward Pedro. Barcelona will look to continue their challenge for the La Liga title when they face Rayo Vallecano . Lionel Messi (left) and Neymar (right) trained on Saturday but the latter will be missing for the La Liga match . Neymar (right) is suspended after picking up his fifth yellow card of the season against Granada in February . Barcelona manager Luis Enrique is looking to put pressure on La Liga leaders Real Madrid . Neymar will be a miss after his two goals against Villarreal on Wednesday helped Barca to a 3-1 win and 6-2 victory on aggregate in the Copa del Rey semi-final. Pedro has recently been linked with a move away from the Nou Camp at the end of the season, but Enrique insists he still has a role to play at Barcelona. 'He is a top player with great individual ability to score goals and open up the opposition,' Enrique told a press conference. 'He is also a team player and works hard. He would like to have more chances but he has always helped us when he has played.' Carlo Ancelotti's Real can go five points clear at the top with a win over Athletic Bilbao on Saturday evening, but it may only be temporary until Barca's game the morning after. | Neymar and his Barcelona team-mates trained on Saturday morning . He is suspended after picking up his fifth yellow card of the season . Neymar is set to be replaced by Barca's 27-year-old forward Pedro . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tikrit, Iraq (CNN)Two men in blue smocks were mopping up blood spilled in the main entrance to the Dijla Hospital south of Tikrit when we arrived there mid-morning Friday. The air shook with outgoing rockets and artillery roaring toward the center of the city. We were escorted by men from the Badr Brigade, the biggest and best-organized Iranian-backed force fighting ISIS. As we got out of our car, a man wearing a vest with the emblem of the Iraqi Red Crescent beckoned urgently to video journalist Mary Rogers to come inside. He led her to a gurney surrounded by four or five men, some wearing blue disposable surgical gowns, others in dark green military fatigues. They were huddled over a man naked to the waist, a thick plastic tube inserted in his side, red with blood, leading to a bottle filling up with more blood. The wounded man -- no one knew his name -- had been shot in the head, the chest and the leg. He was motionless. The head doctor, in dark green combat fatigues, told me the man was in critical condition. All the while, the windows of the building shook from the concussion of the bombardment of central Tikrit. From the sound, it was clear that artillery and rocket launchers were nearby. Several other wounded fighters were in the entrance, but their condition was much less grave. One, who identified himself as Sadiq, had been shot in the upper thigh, but was fully conscious. He told producer Kareem Khadder he had been shot in central Tikrit that morning, recalling at the time he was uncertain whether it was shrapnel or a bullet because the fighting was so intense. While Mary and Kareem were doing that interview, I walked around the hospital to see if there was anything else that might help us put together a report. It was a ramshackle place, it looked like much of the facility had been in a state of neglect for a while, perhaps because until recently it was in no-man's land. When I went back to see where Mary and Kareem were, I was told Mary was down a corridor where an "operation" was about to take place. Mary was invited to film the operation. I found her putting on a surgical gown and blue shoe covers. Several men rolled a gurney through the corridor in our direction. The same critically wounded man was wheeled into a side room. He never made it into the operating theater. A different set of doctors or medics started working on him, pumping air into his lungs, then applying CPR. His chest took a final heave, as the doctors tried to find a pulse, but there was no pulse to find. There was no "operation." This was a last, desperate attempt to stop this unknown man from dying. His face was yellow and waxy. He was dead, but the doctors didn't call time of death, . In the meantime, our escorts were calling us to leave, we needed to move to our next destination, which they had told us was the position from which artillery and rocket launchers were at work. Mary, who was at the far end of the gurney, wedged her way out and we went outside. She went to the car, I chatted with a pair of Iraqi journalists in the entrance. They had been here for more than two weeks. I bade them farewell, and walked toward our car. And then, everything changed. I heard a commotion behind me, and the doctor I had spoken to before passed me, shouting, "Grab all the cameras! Get the cameras!" "What's the problem?" I asked him. He didn't provide an explanation. "Give us your cameras now!" he barked at me. A group of militiamen had surrounded Kareem, and was insisting he give them his small camera. More militiamen, plus some of the hospital staff gathered around him, shouting angrily that all cameras must be surrendered. Right next to me a tall man with a military shirt over running pants raised his rifle, about to shoot in the air. This is going to get very messy, I thought to myself. Fortunately, cooler heads prevailed and there was no shooting. But everyone was very agitated. Much shouting ensued between our entourage and the local militiamen. Our chief escort, Ma'in Al-Kadhimi, was gesturing wildly and arguing with them to calm down, but he wasn't having much luck. He is a commander of the Badr Organisation, but these men were with the Soldiers of the Imam Brigade (Kataib Jund Al-Imam in Arabic). It's a separate group, and clearly Al-Kadhimi, who was treated with deference by his own men, didn't enjoy the same esteem here. In the meantime, I joined Mary in our car, concerned that too many of us arguing with this large group would only make matters worse. Kareem was busy negotiating outside the hospital. We locked the car doors and did our best to pretend we were simply waiting patiently to move. Soon a group of men armed with AK-47 assault rifles gathered outside the car, knocking on the window and angrily gesturing that we must give them the camera. Mary discreetly pulled out the data card with the footage she had just shot and replaced it with an empty one. It's an old trick that sometimes works in situations like these. Although I could understand everything this crowd was saying, I feigned ignorance. This went on for about 45 minutes. Some in our entourage were trying to keep the crowd from banging on the car windows and wrenching open the locked doors. Kareem hid his small camera in one of the cars and saw the big camera being taken away by several people. Kareem followed the camera to make sure it was safe. Inside, everyone was shouting, with Kareem refusing to do anything before someone explained what was going on. The armed men wanted the sequence of the dying fighter deleted, and weren't going to take "no" for an answer. Kareem then went inside one of the rooms to carry on negotiations. Armed men barred Kareem from leaving the room. Eventually, Kareem said we should delete the sequence of the dying man, after our Iraqi security guard had said we needed to do just that -- otherwise, we were in trouble. Kareem looked at the camera and noticed the card was missing. A media-savvy member of the Soldiers of the Imam Brigade insisted we were hiding the card with the footage. Finally Kareem returned and said that if we didn't hand over the camera there would be trouble. The atmosphere was such that we realized that not handing over the camera would make matters much worse. So we gave Kareem the camera and waited. A few minutes later, he returned. They know the data card is empty. They want the one with the pictures, he said. So we gave it to him. Soon Kareem was back. "They don't know how to delete the pictures of the dying man," he said. So Mary went with him inside the hospital to delete the footage of the dying man. To cut a long, tense story short, Mary didn't delete the footage. Someone else did, all the footage from the hospital. After about an hour and a half, we finally left the hospital compound. Our escort, Al-Kadhimi, was shaken. He, and we, were reminded that with all the different armed groups fighting on the Tikrit front, there might be unity against ISIS, but that's about where it ends. | A CNN crew finds medical personnel trying to save a wounded fighter in Tikrit . But when the man dies, demands start for the crew's video footage . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | David Villa and New York City FC made their MLS debuts together on Sunday night as football fever took hold in the US, although it all appeared too much for team-mate Sebastian Velasquez. Villa's side were held to a 1-1 draw with another franchise making their first appearance Orlando City in a game that attracted 63,000 to the Orlando Citrus Bowl Stadium in Florida. The former Spain and Barcelona striker posted an Instagram picture of himself sat next to an unflattering image of Velasquez sleeping open mouthed on the flight home, accompanied by the caption: 'Back in New York! What great company from @tian26 on the flight...' David Villa (right) wasn't impressed by the in-flight entertainment from team-mate Sebastian Velasquez . Villa and New York City FC made their debuts together in a 1-1 draw with Orlando City on Sunday . New York City's Velasquez chases Orlando Designated Player and former Brazil star Kaka (right) Villa provided an assist for Mix Diskerud to open the scoring for the visitors against the run of play but it was another global superstar who grabbed the headlines. Orlando City marquee signing and Brazil legend Kaka scored a late equaliser with a heavily deflected free-kick to send the crowd wild and avoid getting the new chapter in his career off to a losing start. Villa has embraced life across the Atlantic, which has included collaborating with Irish singer/songwriter Sarah Packiam and rapper MC Sterlin for an unofficial NYC FC song titled ''New York City All the Way' (see below). Kaka celebrates after scoring a late equaliser to earn the home side a draw in their first MLS game . The game attracted 63,000 enthusiastic supporters to the Orlando Citrus Bowl . | New York City made their MLS debut with 1-1 draw with Orlando City . David Villa posted an Instagram picture of sleeping team-mate Sebastian Velasquez on the flight home . Brazil legend Kaka scored a late equaliser for Orlando in front of 63,000 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The proposed £16million fee that Fiorentina will pay Chelsea to sign Mohamed Salah on a permanent deal in the summer of 2016 is beginning to look like daylight robbery. The 22-year-old condemned Juventus to their first home defeat in 48 matches with his sixth goal in seven games after being allowed to leave Stamford Bridge on loan in February. Salah was used as a bargaining tool for Juan Cuadrado to go in the opposite direction for £23.3m, rising to £27m with bonuses, but has been the more devastating of the two for their new clubs. 'Are you listening, Jose?' Mourinho allowed Mohamed Salah to leave Chelsea on loan to Fiorentina . The front pages of Italian newspapers were dominated by Salah after his two goals against Juventus . Mohamed Salah . 7 games . 6 goals . Juan Cuadrado . 5 games . 0 goals . Salah did not suit Jose Mourinho's style of play and made just two starts in 2014-15. He averaged nine minutes per game between August and January, and the arrival of Cuadrado saw him further kicked to the curb. Mourinho and Salah agreed it was best he get first-team opportunities elsewhere, and Fiorentina's faith has been rewarded . Against Juventus he sent a message to Chelsea by starting a run from his own half in a lethal counter-attack. He outpaced Simone Padoin before beating goalkeeper Marco Storari in the top left corner to make it 1-0 in the 11th minute. Eden Hazard and Didier Drogba were on the same wavelength when they tweeted Salah is 'on fire' and the Egyptian, four years younger than Cuadrado, has plenty of time to improve. Salah opens the scoring with after a superb solo run from his own half against Juventus . The Egypt international salutes the crowd after scoring against Serie A champions Juventus . Salah (right) spent most of his time at Chelsea on the substitutes' bench under manager Jose Mourinho . BASLE: 67 appearances, 13 goals. CHELSEA: 19 appearances, two goals. FIORENTINA: Seven appearances, six goals. EGYPT: 35 appearances, 20 goals. On his arrival, Fiorentina manager Vincenzo Montella announced Salah would have to 'adapt to our football' and that 'this is a league that's different from the Swiss and the English'. Louis van Gaal admitted it could take a year for Manchester United's signings to develop, but no such time frame has been required for Salah. Any suggestion he could not perform against Barclays Premier League teams was dismissed on March 1 when he punished Tottenham Hotspur in the Europa League with a quick-witted one-two. And three days later he scored the winner against Inter Milan at the San Siro to earn Fiorentina's first win in that fixture since May 2000. All this has helped Fiorentina stretch their unbeaten run to 13 games as the man behind Hazard, Willian, Oscar and Cuadrado in the pecking order gets put to good use elsewhere. Fiorentina's German forward Mario Gomez congratulates his team-mate on Thursday evening . The Fiorentina squad join hands and run towards their fans in celebration of the win . | Mohamed Salah has scored six goals in seven matches for Fiorentina . Salah left Chelsea on loan in February to join the Italian club . The 22-year-old scored twice against champions Juventus on Thursday . Juan Cuadrado joined Chelsea from Fiorentina for £23.3m, rising to £27m . Cuadrado has yet to score in five games as Fiorentina make use of Salah . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Will Ferrell has raked in box-office millions playing the earnest goofball in a string of sports movies. He took it to a new level on Thursday, when he played all nine baseball positions and coached for 10 teams in five Arizona ballparks in a spring-training blitz. In addressing the crowd at his final stop in Peoria, the comedian said, 'Ruth, Musial, Mantle, Will Ferrell. Who would have thought that one day those names would be synonymous? Show of hands - scratch that, never mind.' Ferrell started at noon in an Oakland Athletics uniform at shortstop, and ended eight and a half hours later playing right field for the San Diego Padres in the ninth inning. Will Ferrell took part in spring training in Arizona on Thursday as part of an HBO special for a good cause . Ferrell - pictured in a Los Angeles Dodgers uniform - played for 10 different teams in one day . The funny man couldn't resist creating a beard out of nachos as he played every baseball position possible . 'When I embarked on this journey way back at breakfast,' Ferrell said, 'I thought to myself, "Could I do it?" The answer is yes.' Memorabilia from his journey, filmed for an HBO special, is to be sold at auction on MLB.com with proceeds going to Cancer for College and Stand Up to Cancer. He hugged a guy in an elf suit as he left Mesa, held up a sign saying 'Remember These Games Don't Count' as impromptu third base coach for the Chicago Cubs, struck out twice on three pitches each, watched two home runs sail over his head, and chased the ball around the outfield during a challenging stint in left field for the Arizona Diamondbacks. His ten uniforms, and other baseball memorabilia, will be auctioned at MLB.com to raise money for charity . Another of Ferrell's teams was the Seattle Mariners - he is pictured running around the field on Thursday . Los Angeles Angels were also on the list as he played in an exhibition game against the Chicago Cubs . 47-year-old Ferrell looked pumped as he raised his fist in the air, clad in the red and white uniform of LA . Ferrell wore No. 19 for every team except his last one. He didn't want to wear the late Tony Gwynn's number, so donned No. 20 for the Padres. When it was over, the star of 'Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy' and 'Elf' took the public address microphone to the infield and recounted his day. 'There's no doubt I turned some heads today, even if it was just for a moment,' Ferrell said. 'I brought passion to the field, dedication, ability, and a lot of ignorance. The ball moves fast out there, a lot faster than it looks on television. It's like a speeding bullet. It's horrible, terrifying.' The Angels then traded Ferrell to the Chicago Cubs for a washing machine, and he played third base coach . At the top of the fourth innings the Cubs let Ferrell step up to plate, and he batted against his former side . Ferrell, acting as the third base coach, talks to Chicago Cubs' Addison Russell during the match in Arizona . A grumpy-looking Ferrell appeared to want the cameras out of his face as he played baseball . In his final stop, he also took the mound for the Los Angeles Dodgers and got San Diego's Rico Noel, the only batter he faced, to bounce out to the pitcher. 'Is there life in this 47-year-old arm?' he said. As he walked off the field, Ferrell waved his cap and gave a security guard a high five. He managed an impressive catch, having kicked off the day by boasting about his abilities in the field . Ferrell showed off his graceful moves as he co-operated with his various teammates throughout the day . Later in the day he joined the Arizona Diamondbacks, but had to wolf down a hotdog before the match . Ferrell throws the ball in hilarious fashion for the Diamondbacks, in their match against Cincinnati Reds . 'They say there's nothing more American than grabbing a hot dog, heading to the ballpark, and watching nine guys from the Dominican Republic,' he said. '... But you know what, today I learned that was wrong. They had eight Dominicans, and one guy from Irvine, California. 'Was I the best player on the field today?' Ferrell said. 'Maybe, maybe.' Then he led the crowd in a chant - 'May-be, may-be, may-be.' After playing for Arizona Diamondbacks and Cincinnati Reds, Ferrell then went on to Chicago White Sox . After climbing out of ‘Penguin Air’ in full uniform, he stepped up to the plate to bat for the White Sox . Unfortunately, he disappointed and was promptly traded to the White Sox's opponents San Francisco Giants . | Will Ferrell played baseball for 10 different teams on Thursday . It was all for a good cause, raising money for two cancer charities . Ferrell entertained the crowds, playing in nine different positions . Memorabilia from his journey, filmed for an HBO special, is to be sold at auction on MLB.com, with the proceeds given to charity . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A fashion label that used a bare-breasted nun as part of an advertising campaign is at the centre of a row over blasphemy in Naples, as Pope Francis prepares to visit the port city. The giant billboard shows an image of a woman dressed in a nun's habit and jeans, with naked breasts. The campaign by fashion label Rosso di Sera has caused controversy in the southern Italian city, ahead of a scheduled papal visit next weekend. 'Obscene': Locals have expressed horror at fashion label Rosso di Sera's new billboard erected in Naples just one week ahead of the Pope's visit to the city . Locals have denounced the image as 'obscene' and 'ugly' . One Franciscan Facebook user said: 'I am an atheist but I find it offensive to intelligence, to women, to good taste and to faith.' Other saw the 20 x30ft image in the city centre as a cynical marketing move. But the company Rosso di Sera denied the billboard had been deliberately timed to cause a fuss. Apology: The clothing firm has insisted 'there was no intent to blaspheme' adding that the company 'strongly regrets being accused of things extremely far from our values and our culture' 'We recognise that we have made a strong marketing choice but there was no intent to blaspheme,' the company said in a statement. 'Trivialising the act of prayer was not the intention in any way,' Rosso di Sera said, adding that the company 'strongly regrets being accused of things extremely far from our values and our culture.' The Pope is set to visit Naples on March 21 and will also be visiting Pompeii on his trip. Pope Francis, pictured leading a mass in Rome this week, is set to visit Naples on March 21 . | Rosso di Sera erected billboard as part of their new advertising campaign . Provocative image of nun has been denounced as 'obscene' and 'ugly' Fashion company apologised, insisting 'there was no intent to blaspheme' It added: 'Trivialising the act of prayer was not the intention in any way' |
Given a reference text about bull sharks, tell me the gestation period for bull sharks. | Bull sharks mate during late summer and early autumn, often in bays and estuaries. After gestating for 12 months, a bull shark may give birth to 1 to 13 live young.
They are viviparous, born live and free-swimming. The young are about 70 cm (27.6 in) at birth. The bull shark does not rear its young; the young bull sharks are born into flat, protected areas. Coastal lagoons, river mouths, and other low-salinity estuaries are common nursery habitats.
The male bull shark is able to begin reproducing around the age of 15 years while the female cannot begin reproducing until the age of 18 years. The size of a fully matured female bull shark to produce viable eggs for fertilization seems to be 175 cm to 235 cm. The courting routine between bull sharks has not been observed in detail as of yet. The male likely bites the female on the tail until she can turn upside down and the male can copulate at that point. Mature females commonly have scratches from the mating process. | The gestation period for bull sharks is 12 months. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A lower league ice hockey team have become the first side to wear a 'selfie jersey' - with a collage of photos of their fans including on the wacky shirt. The Columbus Cottonmouths debuted the top ahead of their Southern Professional Hockey League match against the Pensacola Ice Flyers but ended up falling to a 4-2 defeat. The design was created in honour of 'social media night' and the shirts were later sold in an auction. The Columbus Cottonmouths created the 'selfie jersey' as part of their social media day . Cottonmouth fans had been uploading their selfie entries on Twitter since October, using the hashtag #snakeselfie for a chance to be included in the one off shirt. Columbus play Pensacola again on Thursday but will be back in their normal strip and hopefully can get back to winning ways. The shirt didn't help the result as they were beaten 4-2 Pensacola Ice Flyers before they were auctioned . | Columbus Cottonmouths wore the 'selfie jersey' in a recent match . The tops were then auctioned off as part of 'social media day' Fans had been taking selfie's since October as part of the campaign . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)As more details about the infamous ISIS executioner "Jihadi John" become known, certain basic questions continue to be raised. Is Islam as a faith to be blamed for Mohammed Emwazi's voyage to ISIS, otherwise known as the Islamic State? Or is the "War On Terror" responsible, and is this merely "chickens coming home to roost?" The temptation is to come to simplistic answers. Confronted with such brazen depravity as shown in ISIS propaganda videos, many take what their propagandists say very seriously: That they are, indeed, doing what their faith tells them to do. On the other hand, few believed ISIS when it was claimed they would negotiate with the Japanese authorities to release one of their citizens captured in Syria, who was later killed. Taking ISIS at their word is probably not the most sensible course of action -- it is obviously quite wrong -- and duplicitous -- about a number of things. There have been other neo-religious movements in both Muslim and Christian history. The "Assassins," for example, which began in the 11th century, was a radical, heterodox movement of Muslims, which eventually died out -- in its own time, similar to ISIS today, it was decried and depicted as deviant by Muslim religious authorities as well as most Muslims. Among Christendom, many of the Nazi leadership in the 20th century espoused an ideology called "Positive Christianity." It obviously never attracted much of a following, and historians claim, "Only a few radicals on the extreme wing of liberal Protestantism would recognize such a mish-mash as true Christianity." Why, then, are we not prepared to expunge Islam from the mix when interrogating ISIS ideology? While most churches, Protestant and Catholic, rejected the "Positive Christianity" of Nazi Germany, there is no corresponding action from the world of Islam. The problem is, that's not entirely possible. Unlike Christendom, Islam does not admit a hierarchical, ecclesiastical authority -- so, no "Muslim Church" or "Islamic Pope" exists. Having said that, nevertheless, there are systems of religious authority in Islam. They are more akin to academic peer review structures -- indeed, the concept of the modern university comes from the medieval Muslim seminary. Since the dawn of ISIS, numerous Muslim religious authorities have denounced the claim to authenticity by ISIS, on religious grounds -- none have given it that prize of legitimacy it so craves. That is, except for ISIS itself, and for some odd reason, some in the West who insist on taking ISIS at its word. Religious authorities at large, and Muslims in general, may recognize ISIS members as Muslims, albeit gravely deviant ones who ought to be treated as criminals. Just as Europeans en masse rejected the claims of Anders Breivik, the Norwegian mass killer, who claimed "Christianity" as a motivator, without denying he considered himself to be a Christian. In both cases, it is important to understand how this ideology is internally justified, and on what basis, particularly in terms of establishing methods for immunizing vulnerable people from possible recruitment strategies. That doesn't, nevertheless, entail recognizing their claims as accurate -- only that they take them seriously, and others may too. That question of "vulnerability" has also been brought up a great deal in the last couple of weeks. There were some in the UK who argued that Jihadi John was subjected to a type of harassment by the British security services that proved to be a causal factor in his radicalization process. In one interview, the lobby group, Cage Prisoners, insisted in response to a question about responsibility for the beheadings in Syria: "The man who cut off their heads, and if you take that back a step, the people who potentially helped in his radicalization; in this case, the security services." Specialists in the field of radicalization took great exception to the implication, with experts from the likes of Exeter University and Kings College London describing it as "absurd," and "bizarre." Certainly, there are questions to be raised with regards to the British security services -- including how Jihadi John, who was known to them, was allowed to leave the country, as well as how suspects are interrogated and questioned. There shouldn't be any sensitivity about this -- the British security services do the job that they do precisely so Britons live in a society open enough to be able to ask these questions without fear or reprisal. Nevertheless, the suggestion that the British security services somehow radicalized Jihadi John is peculiar. There are many high-profile members of ISIS in Syria and Iraq who underwent no harassment of any sort -- for example, Lotfi Arrifin, a youth leader in a Malaysian political party. There are also many who have undergone far more invasive encounters with other security establishments worldwide, at the hands of authoritarian governments in the Arab world and elsewhere -- they did not suddenly register for service in the ISIS stronghold of Raqqa. Does it make them more vulnerable to possible recruitment? It very well could -- but that's not a foregone conclusion. Otherwise, given the scale of autocratic oppression in recent history, we should have seen far more members of ISIS. There will be those who contend radical Islamist theology is all we need to look at in understanding radicalization -- there will be others who will place all attention on domestic issues such as the security services, or foreign policy. The reality is, however, there is no template for explaining the voyage an individual takes in becoming a member of ISIS or any other radical Islamist group. For different individuals, different factors make them vulnerable to recruitment. More often than not, a recruit will find him or herself looking for some kind of "meaning" in this world -- and repugnant though ISIS ideology may be, it does provide a sense of certainty. What makes recruits more attuned to that kind of absolutism as opposed to going down other paths? It may be many things that condition them before they accept radical Islamism as their "savior." In all cases, nevertheless, there are two things we ought to keep foremost in mind. We must understand the context of the paths these recruits go through, to avoid others doing the same -- and we must always keep in mind that regardless of the context, only one person has responsibility for their actions. Each one of them, themselves. | H.A. Hellyer: There is no template for explaining an individual's journey to a group like ISIS . Often a recruit will find themselves looking for "meaning" and ISIS provides certainty, says Hellyer . He adds: Regardless of context, each individual must take responsibility for their own actions . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Beijing (CNN)China's premier on Sunday offered a sobering assessment of the world's second largest economy amid fears of a sustained slowdown but brushed aside concern that it could face a full-blown economic crisis. "I don't deny that the Chinese economy is facing downward pressure and multiple risks," said Li Keqiang at a nationally televised press conference. "The key is to find the balance between stable growth and structural adjustments under the new normal (of slower growth)." "We haven't adopted the policy of strong short-term stimulus in recent years -- in other words... we still have plenty of tools in our toolbox," he offered. Earlier this month, the People's Bank of China -- the central bank-- cut interest rates to guard against deflation and the country set its lowest growth target in 25 years. Li, the No. 2 leader in China behind President Xi Jinping, also promised a further streamlined government to strengthen the role of free market in the economy. "The pain of reform is still there, actually the pain is becoming more acute and in more places," he said. "During the course of reform, vested interested will be tested -- but this is not nail clipping, this is like cutting off one's limb with a sword and we have to do it despite the pain." Li held the highly choreographed annual press conference -- often the only occasion a senior Chinese leader faces the media -- after China's rubber-stamp parliament approved the government budget and concluded this year's 10-day session. Li answered questions from pre-selected journalists that focused on the economy and touched on the government's stance on the anti-corruption campaign, the environment and foreign policy. Before he was ushered out of the ornate room, the premier responded to a question shouted from the audience about Myanmar, whose warplanes reportedly dropped a bomb Friday in a Chinese border town and killed four civilians. "We have the responsibility and capability to firmly safeguard the stability of the Chinese-Myanmar border -- and will firmly protect the lives and property of our citizens," Li said to applause from Chinese reporters. | Chinese premier says economy faces multiple risks . Reform is like 'cutting off a limb,' he adds . Highly choreographed press conference only time leader faces media . |
With this paragraph on Austen Hurgon's biography, what movies did he direct before My Mimosa Maid? | Hurgon began his theatre career with the supporting rôle of Alberto in the musical Miss Wingrove (1905), with songs by Howard Talbot, which Hurgon produced and directed for Frank Curzon, for whom he next directed The White Chrysanthemum (1905) and The Girl Behind the Counter (1906). Following these successes Hurgon became the director at the Prince of Wales Theatre in London where, when Paul Rubens was indisposed due to ill health while working on Miss Hook of Holland, Hurgon quickly replaced him and finished writing the book and directed the play. Miss Hook was another success, and he moved on to direct My Mimosa Maid (1908) for Curzon. However, The Three Kisses (1907) at the Apollo Theatre and My Mimosa Maid failed, and his association with Curzon ended, his management having lasted for just four performances of the latter piece. Next Hurgon directed The Hon'ble Phil (1908) and Kitty Grey (1909) with music by Talbot at the New Amsterdam Theatre in New York. For C. H. Workman he took over the management of and directed the failing musical Two Merry Monarchs (1910) at the Strand Theatre, the last piece that can be considered a Savoy opera. | Austen Hurgon directed 5 movies before My Mimosa Maid: Miss Wingrove, The White Chrysanthemum, The Girl Behind the Counter, and Miss Hook of Holland, and The Three Kisses. |
What is Halt and Catch Fire about? | Halt and Catch Fire is an American period drama television series created by Christopher Cantwell and Christopher C. Rogers. It aired on the cable network AMC in the United States from June 1, 2014, to October 14, 2017, spanning four seasons and 40 episodes. It depicts a fictionalized insider's view of the personal computer revolution of the 1980s and the early days of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s. The show's title refers to computer machine code instruction Halt and Catch Fire (HCF), the execution of which would cause the computer's central processing unit to cease meaningful operation (and in an exaggeration, catch fire). | Halt and Catch Fire is an American period drama spanning four seasons and 40 episodes. It depicts a fictionalized insider's view of the personal computer revolution of the 1980s and the early days of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Real Madrid boss Carlo Ancelotti has stars in his eyes on the front page of Marca on Saturday in the form of Lionel Messi and Diego Simeone. The Spanish paper says ‘Look what’s coming!’ in their headline as they outline two major challenges ahead for the Real manager. ‘The height of rivalry: Ancelotti’s Madrid play for La Liga and the Champions League inside a month against Messi’s Barca and Cholo’s Atletico.’ Marca's front page on Saturday shows Lionel Messi (left) and Diego Simeone (right) in Carlo Ancelotti's eyes . Ancelotti's job is believed to be under pressure and the high-profile fixtures he faces could decide his future . It’s as tough as it gets in Spain as they face a rampant Barcelona on Sunday as they look to peg back the point they trail their great rivals by before next month’s clash with Atletico Madrid in the Champions League quarter finals. AS also focus on the European tie of the round between last year's finalists, looking at Real's determination to make up for their poor record against Atleti this season while the underdogs seek redemption from last year's final. Real have yet to win a game against Atletico this season despite playing them six times, with the most recent result being a 4-0 triumph for their city rivals. AS talks revenge for Atletico Madrid and Real Madrid in the Champions League while Mundo Deportivo looks at Barcelona's two 'Clasicos' - against Real on Sunday and their Champions League tie with PSG . Real Madrid's Institutional Relations Director Emilio Butragueno (L) shakes hands with Atletico Madrid's General Manager Clemente Villaverde at the Champions League draw after the clubs were paired together . Mundo Deportivo, as expected, take a Barcelona focus as they preview Barca's Champions League showdown with Paris Saint-Germain and Sunday's El Clasico. They also touch on how Barca and Athletic Bilbao have formally asked for the Bernabeu as the venue for the Copa del Rey final. In Italy, almost every major club - bar Juventus - seem to be in some sort of crisis, if you believe their front pages. While La Gazzetta dello Sport looks forward to Juve's favourable draw against Monaco in the Champions League quarter-finals with the headline: 'Juve Grand Prix', Corriere dello Sport focus on how AC Milan will be 'left on its own' ahead of a planned fan walkout against Cagliari at the San Siro. Almost every Italian club other than Juventus looks to be in trouble according to the front pages there . Juventus' players celebrate their brilliant 3-0 win over Borussia Dortmund that secured a last-eight place . The club's Ultras are reported to be planning a boycott in protest as Filippo Inzaghi's position as manager comes under threat. Back with La Gazzetta, they also look at a big clear-out at Inter Milan and chaos at Roma after their Europa League exit in difficult times for Serie A's big clubs. | Marca looks at Real Madrid's tough fixtures in the coming month . Manager Carlo Ancelotti is shown with Lionel Messi and Diego Simeone in his eyes after Real were drawn against City rivals Atletico in Europe . The European champions also face Barcelona in El Clasico on Sunday . Italian papers focus on problems at Roma, Inter Milan and AC Milan . But they see Juventus' Champions League tie with Monaco as winnable . |
Which animal is associated with Chengdu? | "Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city apart from the four direct-administered municipalities with a population of over 20 million. It is traditionally the hub in Southwest China.
Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the ""Country of Heaven"" (Chinese: 天府之国; pinyin: Tiānfǔ zhi Guó) and the ""Land of Abundance"". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy. It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding." | Chengdu is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. |
Where are Himayalas located? | The Himalayas, or Himalaya (/ˌhɪməˈleɪ.ə, hɪˈmɑːləjə/; Sanskrit: [ɦɪmaːlɐjɐ]; from Sanskrit himá 'snow, frost', and ā-laya 'dwelling, abode'), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 peaks exceeding 7,200 m (23,600 ft) in elevation lie in the Himalayas. | The Himalayan mountain range is located in South East Asia. It spans India, Pakistan and Nepal. |
What is the Metropolitan College of New York? | The Metropolitan College of New York was founded in 1964 by educational pioneer Audrey Cohen as the Women's Talent Corp. It was renamed the College for Human Services in 1970, when it was granted a charter by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1983, it started offering business programs and in 1988, it added its first graduate program: a Master of Administration (today a Master of Public Administration). In 1992, the college was renamed Audrey Cohen College in honor of its founder. It gained its current name, the Metropolitan College of New York, in 2002. | The Metropolitan College of New York, founded in 1964 by Audrey Cohen, an educational pioneer, was originally named the Women's Talent Corporation. In 1970 it was renamed teh College of Human Services and was granted a charter by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1983 it added business programs and in 1988 added a Master of Administration. The college was renamed in 1992 to the Audrey Cohen College in recognition of its founder. In 2002 it was again renamed to the Metropolitan College of New York. |
What channel did the series begin on? | The series began on Discovery Health Channel on November 10, 2009. Season 1 concluded on December 29, 2009, after 6 episodes. Season 2 ran from July 20, 2010, to October 19, 2010, with 8 episodes. Season 3 ran from September 1 to 29, 2011, with 6 episodes. | The series began on Discover Health Channel on November 10, 2009. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Athlete Jimmy Thoronka, who went missing after Glasgow's Commonwealth Games last summer, is now applying for asylum in the UK after he was found sleeping rough on the streets of London. Sierra Leone's top sprinter disappeared at the end of the Games and failed to return to the Ebola-hit west African country. Already orphaned by the war in his homeland, he claims that his entire adopted family have been wiped out by the disease while he has been in the UK. Jimmy Thoronka, carrying the Commonwealth baton in Sierra Leone, has applied for asylum in Great Britian . He was arrested on Friday and quizzed by officers over whether he was carrying or using drugs, which he denied. He has since applied for asylum and has been released into Home Office accommodation. Thoronka, who said that he wanted to claim asylum in the UK so he could fulfill his dream of becoming a top athlete, now faces deportation. An online petition appealing to the authorities to let Mr Thoronka remain in the UK has so far attracted more than 57,000 signatures and well wishers have donated more than £24,000 to help the young athlete. Among the high profile names to support his plight are supermodel Lily Cole, and comedian Russell Brand. The Guardian said it had interviewed Thoronka before he was detained for overstaying his visa. He claimed there were no flights to Sierra Leone immediately after the Games and his team-mates all scattered, some staying with relatives and friends until they could return home. But he said his own bag - containing his money and passport - were stolen. His visa expired last September and after a brief stint with friends, he has been sleeping on the streets in parks and on buses ever since. An online petition to let Mr Thoronka remain in the UK has so far attracted more than 57,000 signatures and well wishers have donated more than £24,000 to help the young athlete . He today told the BBC's Sarah Montague that he wanted to claim asylum in the UK so he could fulfill his dream of becoming a top athlete. Asylum is only granted to those who are in fear of persecution in their home country. He said of Sierra Leone: 'Nobody persecute me or anything, my problem is I don't have a family there to stay with. The person who would help me has passed by Ebola. If I go back i will not make it and I will kill myself, because i cannot pursue my dream. I want to be the fastest sprinter in the world.' When Thoronka, the country's No 1 100m sprinter, left Sierra Leone for Glasgow, some Ebola cases had been confirmed in a few of the villages surrounding Freetown, but the epidemic had not yet taken hold of the capital. The death toll in the country is now more than 3,500 cases. The 100m sprinter, not pictured here, says he wants to stay in England to become a world class sprinter . The runner said: 'I was hoping to win a medal for my country. But during the Games I got the terrible news that my uncle had died, probably from Ebola. 'I couldn't stop crying. It was difficult to continue with competing but I tried to carry on.' He is not working illegally, nor claiming benefits or housing, and understands the legal implications of remaining in the UK after his visa has expired, but said his situation is hopeless. After the Games, he stayed for a while with friends in Leicester - and found out that his entire immediate family had been killed by Ebola. Later he went to London and began sleeping in parks and on night buses and begging for £1 from passers-by to buy chips. 'Some days I get no food at all. I wash in public toilets and sleep in the park,' he said. 'I wake up around 4am and if I've got a bus pass I get on the night bus and sleep there until morning. Hampden Park in Glasgow was the venue for the track and field events during the Commonwealth Games . 'I met a man who sometimes lets me sleep at his house but I have to wait outside for him to come home at 10 or 11pm and I get very cold. 'We have a cold season in Sierra Leone but it is not cold like England. Some days I don't think I'm going to make it and just feel like killing myself. 'My dream is to become one of the best sprinters in the world but I don't see how that can happen now.' | Jimmy Thoronka remained in Britain after the 2014 Commonwealth Games . Sierra Leone sprinter was detained on Friday by police who found him in an emaciated state . The 20-year-old claims his entire family have been taken by Ebola disease . Thoronka has since claimed asylum and is in Home Office accommodation . An online petition appealing to let him stay has so far attracted more than 57,000 signatures while well wishers have donated £24,000 to his cause . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Aston Villa’s progress to the FA Cup semi-final at Wembley was marred by a mass pitch invasion in which West Bromwich Albion goalkeeper Boaz Myhill was repeatedly shoved by taunting fans. Thousands of Aston Villa supporters swarmed on to the pitch in celebration, sparking fears for West Brom players who had to fight their way off and down the tunnel. And the ugly scenes also led to calls for the Football Association to punish Villa for allowing the disturbances to occur. Aston Villa captain Fabian Delph was mobbed by fans after the final whistle . England midfielder Delph admitted the pitch invasion was 'scary and dangerous' Goalscorer Fabian Delph claims fans nicked his captain's armband as well as his left boot during the invasion . Goalscorer Fabian Delph, who was surrounded at the final whistle, said: ‘That was very, very scary. ‘My armband got nicked, someone got my left boot, but I could appreciate the relief the fans are feeling after a result like that. It was dangerous. Someone tried to take my boot off. People tried to kiss me and were biting me. It was scary.’ Hundreds of fans had spilled on to the pitch from the Holte End minutes before the final whistle — forcing their way past meagre numbers of stewards — prompting Villa players to appeal for them to return to the stands. Those who remained in their seats booed loudly, chanting ‘*******’. The West Brom goalkeeper attempts to make his way off the field following the full-time whistle . West Brom goalkeeper Boaz Myhill is mocked by an Aston Villa fan following the home side's second goal . Leicester coach Kevin Phillips slammed the disturbances, calling for the Football Association to punish his former club. Phillips, who played for both Villa and West Brom, said: ‘I can see West Brom players still on the pitch which for me is very dangerous. For me this has been very badly policed. Why are there still away players on there? They should be punished for it. ‘These people on the pitch are not true supporters, the true fans are the ones who are booing to get them off.’ Former Liverpool star and TV pundit Mark Lawrenson added: ‘It’s like a scene from the 1980s all over again. Absolutely ridiculous.’ Albion winger Callum McManaman was visibly shaken and Myhill reacted angrily at fans trying to film him by snatching one phone and flinging it to the ground. It took stewards more than 20 minutes to march the fans off. West Brom fans also ripped out several seats and confronted Villa fans when Scott Sinclair scored a second. The scene at Villa Park as hundreds of relieved fans stormed the pitch shortly after the final whistle . One fan swings on the Villa Park crossbar as Tom Sherwood's side booked their place at Wembley . Aston Villa supporters stormed the pitch following the club's FA Cup victory over West Brom on Saturday . | Fabian Delph was mobbed following the 2-0 victory over West Brom . The Aston Villa captain admitted pitch invasion the 'very, very scary' West Brom keeper Boaz Myhill shoved by fans who ran onto the pitch . Villa face an FA investigation after mass pitch invasion on Saturday . |
In the summary below of episode 158 of the series Black Clover, how did the Spade army lose? | Ralph continues trying to cross the border. The Spade army begins crossing the border in a mechanized citadel called Candelo powered by siphoning magic from Spade commoners. Asta, who has grown even stronger and can now fly astride his demon slayer sword, flies to Candelo where he is enraged to see Spade Knights siphoning prisoners to death. Asta confronts Candelo’s commander who reveals he is also the vessel for a devil. He poisons Asta with poison magic but Asta easily absorbs the poison into the demon destroyer sword and furiously cuts the citadel in half, defeating the captain in a single blow. The Bulls arrive and Mimosa helps the prisoners recover. Noelle reveals Luck and Leopold were sent to destroy the Spade base near to the prisoner’s village. Realising they get to return home safely the prisoners reveal the Spade kingdom is ruled by the Dark Triad, each possessed by a powerful devil, and their followers the Dark Disciples who draw demonic power from the Triad. The Triad, siblings Dante, Vanica and Zenon Zogratis, consider the loss of Candelo trivial when they are close to their goal for which they only need capture two Arcane Stage mages. Ralph finally crosses the border and collapses by Hage Church where Sister Lily finds him calling out for “Prince Yuno”. | Asta countered the Spade Kingdom's commandor's poison attack with the demon destroyer sword, then cut the attacking citadel in half, defeating the captain in a single blow. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | QPR director of football Les Ferdinand has admitted that appointing Chris Ramsey as Harry Redknapp's successor until the end of the season was a 'gamble' by the Premier League club. Ramsey took permanent charge of QPR in February following Redknapp's departure but the relegation-threatened club have lost six out of seven games since the full-time appointment which leaves them four points adrift of safety. But Ferdinand has backed the QPR boss after admitting any manager taking charge of the Loftus Road outfit would find it a challenge. Chris Ramsey took permanent charge of QPR in February following Harry Redknapp's departure . QPR have lost six out of seven games since the appointment which leaves them four points adrift of safety . 'No regrets at all because I know what a great coach he is,' Ferdinand told Sky Sports. 'It's a gamble, any manager coming in would have been a gamble. 'There's no guarantees that anyone would have kept us in the division or anyone would have done any better than Chris Ramsey’s doing at the moment, so I’ve got no regrets whatsoever. 'Most people say when a manager comes in you need to give him time to build his own team – Chris hasn't had that. He's come in and done us a favour but he's doing a job with someone else's hand.' Director of football Les Ferdinand has admitted Ramsey's appointment as QPR boss was a 'gamble' | Chris Ramsey was appointed as permanent QPR boss in February . QPR have lost six out of seven games since the full-time appointment . Queens Park Rangers are four points adrift of Premier League safety . Les Ferdinand has admitted Ramsey's appointment was a 'gamble' CLICK HERE for all the latest QPR news . |
What is Age of Empires? | Age of Empires is a series of historical real-time strategy video games, originally developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Xbox Game Studios. The first game was Age of Empires, released in 1997. Nine total games within the series have been released so far as of October 28, 2021.
Age of Empires focused on events in Europe, Africa and Asia, spanning from the Stone Age to the Iron Age; the expansion game explored the formation and expansion of the Roman Empire. The sequel, Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings, was set in the Middle Ages, while its expansion focused partially on the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. The subsequent three games of Age of Empires III explored the early modern period, when Europe was colonizing the Americas and several Asian nations were on the decline. Another installment, Age of Empires Online, takes a different approach as a free-to-play online game utilizing Games for Windows Live. A spin-off game, Age of Mythology, was set in the same period as the original Age of Empires, but focused on mythological elements of Greek, Egyptian, and Norse mythology. The fourth main installment in the series, Age of Empires IV, was released on October 28, 2021.
The Age of Empires series has been a commercial success, selling over 25 million copies. Critics have credited part of the success of the series to its historical theme and fair play; the artificial intelligence (AI) players have fewer advantages than in many of the series' competitors. | Age of Empires is a classic PC game originally developed by Microsoft, released in 1997. It has 4 versions now and is still being played online by many players. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A dog is dead and two people are being questioned by authorities after a pickup truck drove onto a frozen river in New Jersey and sunk. The truck, which was driven onto Toms River near Pine Beach last night, was recovered this morning by search and rescue teams from the New Jersey State Police and US Coast Guard. Two people voluntarily turned themselves in and they are being questioned about the incident. The United States Coast Guard Mid-Atlantic division provided this aerial shot of the scene in Pine Beach, New Jersey. A dead dog was recovered after a pickup trunk sunk in Toms River last night . A dead boxer mix was found in the truck, but no people were found inside of the submerged pickup . The search and rescue effort for the truck involved crew members wearing 'ice rescue' suits and 'fan boats' Authorities were alerted about the truck after a witness reported seeing it doing 'donuts' after driving onto the river around midnight last night. Before the truck hit the ice, a male passenger was seen getting out. A helicopter crew spotted a hole in the ice this morning and the truck was found approximately 100 feet from shore, NJ Advance Media reported. No people were found in the submerged pickup, but a dead boxer mix was found inside. Toms River police wrote on Facebook: 'Police units responded and also observed the vehicle on the ice. 'The headlight and brake lights could be seen from the shoreline as the vehicle headed South and West towards the other side of the river. 'After a period of time went by the lights suddenly were no longer visible. 'Fearing that the truck broke through the ice, search teams were activated.' The rescue effort involved crew members wearing 'ice rescue' suits and using 'fan boats'. The New Jersey State Police Marine Unit and the Pine Beach Police Department are continuing to investigate. | Pickup truck sunk in Toms River near Pine Beach, New Jersey, last night . Before it crashed through the ice, the truck was seen doing 'donuts' Truck was found this morning and a dead boxer mix was discovered inside . Two people have turned themselves in and they are being questioned . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former U.S. Sen. John Danforth denounced the ugly nature of American politics Tuesday while eulogizing Missouri Auditor Tom Schweich, suggesting that political bullying and an anti-Semitic whisper campaign led his friend to kill himself. Danforth expressed 'overwhelming anger that politics has gone so hideously wrong' as he spoke at a memorial services that drew many of Missouri's top elected officials and hundreds of others to the Episcopal church that Schweich had attended in suburban St. Louis. 'Words do hurt. Words can kill,' Danforth said. 'That has been proven right here in this state.' Schweich, 54, fatally shot himself last Thursday in what police say was an apparent suicide at his home in Clayton. He left behind a wife, two children and an apparently rising political career. Missouri's top elected officials and hundreds of others gathered Tuesday at The Church of St Michael and St George in Clayton for the memorial services of state Auditor Tom Schweich . Former U.S. Senator John Danforth (left) delivered the euology at the service, and said campaign bullying was to blame for Schweich's (right) suicide. Schweich was running for governor at the time of his death . He had launched a campaign for the Republican nomination for governor just a month before his death and was already locked in a contentious primary with Catherine Hanaway, a former Missouri House speaker and U.S. attorney. Danforth, who is an ordained Episcopal priest, served 18 years as a Republican senator before retiring in 1995 and remains one of the more respected elder statesmen of Missouri politics. Danforth said he had talked with Schweich two days before his death. He said Schweich was upset about a radio ad from a political action committee that mocked his physical appearance and suggested he was a pawn of Democrats who would 'quickly squash him like the little bug that he is' in a general election. St. Louis Mayor Francis Slay stands at the rear, right, of an overflowing Church of St. Michael and St. George in Clayton, Mo., on Tuesday, March 3, 2015, for the funeral for Missouri State Auditor Tom Schweich, who fatally shot himself last Thursday in what police say was an apparent suicide at his home in Clayton. (AP Photo/St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Robert Cohen, Pool) Former Sen. Danforth leaves The Church of St. Michael and St. George in Clayton, Missouri, after delivering the eulogy at the funeral for Schweich. Even though Schweich was an ordained Episcopal priest, he was allegedly mocked for his Jewish ancestry during the race . Missouri Lt. Gov. Peter Kinder leaves church on Tuesday, March 3, 2015, after attending Schweich's funeral . Former U.S. Sen. Christopher 'Kit' Bond also attended the Tuesday services for Schweich . But Danforth said Schweich was particularly distraught by what he perceived to be an anti-Semitic whispering campaign by the chairman of the Missouri Republican party, who Schweich said had been telling people that Schweich was Jewish. Schweich was Christian, but had some Jewish ancestry and had said his grandfather had long-encouraged him to stand up to anti-Semitism. The party chairman, John Hancock, has denied making anti-Semitic remarks, though he has acknowledged he mistakenly believed Schweich was Jewish and may have mentioned it in an off-hand way to some people. Hancock didn't attend the memorial service and declined to comment about Danforth's remarks. 'Today is not an appropriate time to engage in political back-and-forth,' state GOP Executive Director Jonathon Prouty said on Hancock's behalf. Schweich's former spokesman, Spence Jackson, said after the service that Hancock 'should resign immediately' as Republican party chairman and that Hanaway should 'do some serious soul-searching about the race she's run so far and the people she's associated with.' Hanaway did not attend the funeral and a spokesman for her said she will not have any comment. Emergency services were called to Schweich's home (pictured) at 9:48am on Thursday morning, seven minutes after he left a voicemail with St. Louis Today reporter Tony Messenger . Danforth recited a passage from the gospel of Matthew in which Jesus describes as blessed those 'who are persecuted for righteousness sake' and against whom others 'utter all kinds of evil against you on my behalf.' He said Schweich was a 'model public servant' who 'was a person easily hurt and quickly offended' — so much so that Danforth said he had tried to discourage Schweich from entering politics six years ago because he didn't believe Schweich had the temperament for it. Danforth said he is haunted by the fact that he had advised Schweich not to personally go public last week with the allegations of the anti-Semitic whispering campaign and had suggested Schweich should have someone else supply that information to the media. 'He may have thought that I had abandoned him — left him on the high ground all alone,' Danforth said. On the morning of his death, Schweich had invited reporters for The Associated Press and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch to his home for an afternoon interview, saying he was ready to go public with the allegations about the anti-Semitic campaign. He shot himself about 13 minutes after talking to the AP reporter over the phone. 'The death of Tom Schweich is the natural consequence of what politics has become,' Danforth said. 'It is now our duty — yours and mine — to turn politics into something much better than it's now so miserable state.' Schweich's coffin, draped in a Missouri flag, was placed at the front of the sanctuary, with his family seated on one side and Gov. Jay Nixon and other top officials seated on the other. The pews were packed and hundreds of people stood along the side isles. Schweich was first elected in 2010 and had easily won election to a second, four-year term in November. He previously served as Danforth's chief of staff for a 1999 federal investigation into the deadly government siege at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, and followed Danforth to the United Nations, where he was chief of staff for the U.S. delegation. President George W. Bush appointed Schweich to the State Department in 2005 as an international law enforcement official and picked Schweich two years later to coordinate the anti-drug and justice reform efforts in Afghanistan. • For confidential help, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 or click here . • For confidential support on suicide matters in the UK, call the Samaritans on 08457 90 90 90, visit a local Samaritans branch or click here . | Schweich shot himself several times last Thursday at his home, just minutes after calling to schedule an interview with local reporters . At his Tuesday funeral, former U.S. Senator John Danforth said political bullying was to blame for Schweich's suicide . Schweich was reportedly taunted with anti-Semitic comments during his campaign for governor . The auditor was a Episcopal priest in the Christian faith, but had some Jewish ancestry . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | David Luiz made his way back down memory lane on Wednesday as he went for a wander in west London with his Paris Saint-German team-mates ahead of facing former club Chelsea. Laurent Blanc's squad are preparing to take on the Blues in a crucial Champions League last-16 second leg at Stamford Bridge later in the evening. And Luiz, who left Chelsea in a £50million deal last summer, lead the squad on a walkbaout, with the French side looking for their first victory on English soil in the competition. David Luiz leads his Paris Saint-Germain team-mates on a walk around west London on Wednesday . Zlatan Ibrahimovic and co listen to manager Laurent Blanc during a training session at Stamford Bridge . Luiz is playing against his former club after leaving Chelsea for PSG in a £50million deal last summer . The fixture is finely poised after the 1-1 draw at Parc des Princes two weeks ago, with the hosts somewhat unlucky not to have beaten Jose Mourinho's men. PSG trained at Stamford Bridge on Tuesday night and will be looking for revenge after letting a 3-1 first-leg advantage slip at the same ground last season. Blanc called for his side to take their chances in the cauldron at the Bridge. The PSG boss said: 'Chelsea have a slight advantage, because they were able to score an away goal. It's up to us to try to do what Chelsea did in Paris. 'One of Chelsea's main threats is the fact they're very good on the counter attack, so I don't think we should go gung ho. 'We have to attack and we need to score a goal, regardless of whether Chelsea get one or not. PSG need to score at Stamford Bridge if they are to advance to the Champions League quarter-finals . Blanc says his side must take their chances after drawing 1-1 at the Parc des Princes in the first leg . Edinson Cavani looks focused during a training session in London on Tuesday night . The PSG players will wear black armbands at Stamford Bridge as a mark of respect for those killed in a helicopter crash in Argentina. ‘David Luiz is very excited to go back to Chelsea. He had great memories there, he helped them to win the Champions League - so I would be very surprised if the Chelsea fans gave him anything other than a fantastic reception. Among the 10 victims of the accident on Monday were renowned yachtswoman Florence Arthaud, Olympic swimmer Camille Muffat and Olympic boxer Alexis Vastine and Blanc said 'the whole of French sport was in mourning' Meanwhile, Brazilian centre back Thiago Silva has backed team-mate Luiz to take no notice of his former team-mates. Silva said: 'He is a winner , yes he has good memories of Chelsea, but his only objective will be to knock them out - and for us to progress.’ Thiago Silva insists Brazilian compatriot and PSG team-mate Luiz is ready to knock Chelsea out . | Chelsea play PSG in Champions League last-16 second leg on Wednesday . Former Blues defender David Luiz leads squad on walkabout in London . First leg finished 1-1 after Branislav Ivanovic and Edinson Cavani goals . Laurent Blanc says PSG need to take their chances at Stamford Bridge . CLICK HERE for Chelsea vs PSG team news, probable line ups and more . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ottis Gibson will be England's interim fast-bowling coach, in place of David Saker, for next month's tour of his native West Indies. Gibson was previously part of England's management team on a permanent basis in the same capacity between 2007 and early 2010, and subsequently West Indies coach until last year. He will join up with England again when Alastair Cook's team flies to the Caribbean next week for three Tests. Ottis Gibson will rejoin the England management team for the tour to West Indies next week . Gibson with boss Peter Moores (left) during their previous time together in the England set-up . The 46-year-old former West Indies seamer was the England Lions' fast-bowling coach on this year's tour of South Africa. Australian Saker has informed the England and Wales Cricket Board he intends to leave his post in September, to become Melbourne Renegades coach in the Big Bash. ECB managing director Paul Downton said: 'We are delighted to have secured a bowling coach of Ottis' calibre, as he is highly respected among the fast-bowling fraternity and his knowledge and experience of local conditions will be invaluable in the Caribbean. Gibson will be working with the likes of James Anderson again, as he did in 2007 (left) 'We must, however, stress that this is a short-term appointment at this stage. 'No decision has yet been made on a long-term replacement for David, and we will need to review how we staff this position going forward following the conclusion of the West Indies tour. ' | England have appointed Ottis Gibson as bowling coach . Gibson held same position between 2007 and 2010 . David Saker will leave his post to become Melbourne Renegades coach . ECB stress Gibson's deal is short-term for the moment . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A visionary project has been approved which will see Australia’s largest solar farm constructed in Queensland in a staggering $1 billion project. The impressive development promises to be 100 times bigger than the country’s current largest solar farm and potentially, the largest of its kind in the world. The plant will be located on a 5,000 hectare acre site at Bulli Creek on Queensland’s Darling Downs and promises to produce enough clean power for 550,000 homes. The south-west Queensland project is expected to begin construction in 2016. It is hoped that within eight years the solar farm will be generating two gigawatts of power; a massive figure which is more power than any coal station in Queensland is currently capable of producing. Westlands Solar Park is 20 mw solar farm constructed on brownfield land in California. The solar farm development, set to be built in Queensland, will be 100 times bigger . After seven years as a barrister, Angus Gemmell established Solar Choice, a solar project broker and consumer comparison service, which was the driving force behind the proposal . ‘This will be a wonderful example of what Australia can make from our natural resources, space and sunshine,’ Angus Gemmell, managing director of Solar Choice, told Daily Mail Australia. 'Australia is wonderfully geared to some visionary projects to harness those benefits of cheaper, bountiful, reliable sources of power,” Mr Gemmell told the Guaridan. Mr Gemmell was formerly one of Australia’s top defamation lawyers and won some of the country's most high-profile cases. In 2006 he won a case which saw NRL player Mark McGaw awarded $385,000, which is the largest ever damages figure handed down by a judge, after a Today Tonight program accused McGaw of domestic violence. Gemmell also represented political figures, including defence intelligence chief Frank Lewincamp. After seven years in his profession Gemmell established Solar Choice, a solar project broker and consumer comparison service, which was the driving force behind the proposal. With Gemmell at the helm, Solar Choice campaigned for 18 ‘exhaustive’ months until approval was finally granted three weeks ago. The Toowoomba Regional Council referred to the Queensland State Government before the game-changing project was given the go-ahead. The Bulli Creek Solar Farm will be built toward full 2GW capacity in ‘manageable steps’ over a number of years. With Gemmell at the helm, Solar Choice campaigned for 18 ‘exhaustive’ months until approval was finally granted three weeks ago . ‘We have optionality reserved to build over time, up to eight years. This means we are able to break it down into manageable steps,’ Mr Gemmell told Daily Mail Australia. Solar Choice have located one of a very few locations which meet all requirements. ‘It’s wonderfully positioned, close to major transmission nodes in the national electricity grid. It’s on large-scale, cleared flat country. All aspects make it for an aspiring study,’ Mr Gemmell told Daily Mail Australia. The area is also ‘soaked in sunshine’ due to ‘good sun hours’ and has no neighbours. There are no ecological restraints. Crucially, the Bulli Creek site is close to a 330 kilovolt substation near Millmerran, operated by Powerlink. This ensures the solar power will be able to reach Australians across the nation. The next step will be for Solar Choice to work with Powerlink for six to nine months to determine how to connect the solar farm to the grid. The project has already garnered the interest of a number of crucial investors. ‘Investors are well-advanced in the project. A number of North American and European-based parties are certainly very excited by the solar farm. The interested parties already have experience with similar, very large-scale solar projects. ‘No one has finally signed up but they have completed due diligence on the project.’ The project has already garnered the interest of a number of crucial investors. However, investors require legislative certainty from the government regarding the renewable energy target before they come on board . However, investors require legislative certainty from the federal government regarding the renewable energy target before they come on board. The Abbott government wants to redefine a renewable energy target (RET) set by a previous centre-left government in 2009. The government promised that 20 percent of projected energy use would be renewable by 2020. However, the current government wants to aim for 20 percent of actual energy use, which is far less. To reach the target, the government subsidises companies which invest in renewable energy as well as households and small businesses which opt to use such energy. Changing the current mandate could potentially deter investors. But the cost of renewable energy is higher than the subsidies, so companies pass on costs to customers. The government and opposition are now negotiating new terms of the RET in a review that is expected to last a year. ‘We have placed this project on the radar at all levels of politics,’ Gemmell told Daily Mail Australia. ‘We are helping to show them that there are alternatives. There is conjecture at a federal level that there is not enough of a pipe line in Australia. ‘However this project would be considerable way to help achieve the target (20 per cent of projected energy use). ‘It is proof that there is enough of a pipeline in Australian to reach the target, not to fall short of it.’ The solar farm is forecast to take Australia 25 per cent closer to achieving the current target, 41,000 GWh. by 2020. The solar farm is forecast to take Australia 25 per cent closer to achieving the 41,000 GWh target by 2020 . | Australia's largest solar farm will be constructed in Queensland . The $1billion development has taken 18 months to be approved . 'Bulli Creek Solar Farm' will be built on a 5,000 hectare site and will produce enough clean power for 550,000 homes . One of Australia's top barristers Angus Gemmell is behind the project . Solar Choice have many interested major investors but are waiting on the federal government to finalise plans for the RET . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Two extremists who attacked a landmark museum in Tunisia, killing 23 people, got weapons training at camps in Libya, an official said Friday. The suspects were activated from sleeper cells in Tunisia, Security Minister Rafik Chelly said. He did not say which group activated them, or with whom they trained. "They left the country illegally last December for Libya, and they were able to train with weapons there," he told private broadcaster AlHiwar Ettounsi TV. Like Tunisia, Libya saw its longtime leader Moammar Gadhafi ousted during the regional wave of revolutions known as the Arab Spring. But unlike its neighbor to the west, Libya has been fraught with more instability and violence -- much of it perpetrated by Islamist militants, like those behind the 2012 Benghazi attack that killed U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans. Such violence has been rare in Tunisia, at least on the scale of what happened Wednesday at the Bardo Museum in Tunis. Still, it is not a total shock, given that up to 3,000 Tunisians have left to fight as jihadists in Iraq and Syria, according to the International Centre for the Study of Radicalization in London, not to mention others who have joined radical groups closer to home. Already, authorities have arrested nine people in connection with the attack, including four directly linked to it, according to a statement from Tunisian President Beji Caid Essebsi. And in an audio message posted online Thursday, ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack, which it said targeted "crusaders and apostates" with "automatic weapons and hand grenades." CNN cannot independently verify the legitimacy of the audio statement. That bloodshed is "just the start," the ISIS message warned -- a threat that may or may not be hollow, but nonetheless adds extra urgency for Tunisian investigators. The nation's security forces are working to break up other cells like those behind the recent Bardo Museum attack. But that's not necessarily going to be fast or easy. "We know they can launch operations, but we must piece together clues in order to conduct an arrest," Chelly said. As investigators continued their work, Tunisians turned out Friday to mark the North African nation's independence from France. Those commemorations were more somber this year, but they were also in many ways more significant. "I'm here to celebrate 59 years of our independence," said Adib Adela, 38, a school inspector in Tunis. "The most important thing now is to properly investigate and to find those responsible." Tunisia has been shaken by the terrorist attack, though it was foreigners -- 19 of them tourists who'd been on two cruise ships that docked in Tunis -- who made up the vast majority of victims. Fifteen victims' bodies are at a morgue in the capital, a forensic official said. Some of them haven't been identified two days after the attack, according to the official, and all are foreigners. The fear is that many other tourists won't come back. Already, the parent companies of the two ships that had most of the victims, Costa Cruises and MSC Cruises, have announced the cancellation of all scheduled stops in Tunis for 2015 and substituted them with other ports. That means some foreigners won't be coming to Tunisia as once expected. But it doesn't mean all tourists will stay away -- as illustrated by a movement online of people vowing, "I will come to Tunisia." Beyond tourism, Tunisians also hope to get support from other countries as they fight terrorism. "I hope other countries will support Tunisia, like they supported France after Charlie Hebdo," said Amir Foudieli, 33, who works for an export company, referring to the January massacre at the satirical magazine's offices in Paris. "We are Tunisian, this is our country. Not theirs, they (the terrorists) are bastards of children. We have centuries of history." CNN's Hamdi Alkhshali, Victor Blackwell and journalist Yasmine Ryan contributed to this report. | Two cruise ship companies cancel 2015 stops in Tunisia after the Bardo Museum attack . The museum attack suspects were activated from sleeper cells in Tunisia, security minister says . Tunisians gather to celebrate independence day . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New York City head coach Jason Kreis has refused to dwell on the furore surrounding Frank Lampard's delayed move to the club and says his arrival midway through the season could actually provide a well-timed boost. Former Chelsea midfielder Lampard agreed to sign for the new Major League Soccer franchise last July and was set to join up with his new team-mates in January ahead of the new season, which starts on Sunday. The 36-year-old then joined New York's sister club Manchester City - both part of the City Football Group - on what was initially reported to be a short-term loan deal. Frank Lampard agreed to join New York City when he left Chelsea last summer . Former England international delayed move to the MLS franchise until the end of the Premier League season . Lampard joined Manchester City at the start of the season on a short-term deal . Head coach Jason Kreis says Lampard's late arrival can provide the team with a boost during the season . As it transpired, the deal at City was in fact a standalone one which, after a number of impressive performances for Manuel Pellegrini's side, was extended beyond January until the end of the Premier League season. Lampard's decision to remain in Manchester and miss the start of New York's debut MLS campaign riled supporters of the franchise, but Kreis appears to have taken the potentially exacerbating episode in his stride. 'You know, I think we could look at that from a very negative point of view and say this is going to be really difficult and we had him pencilled in one way or another,'Kreis said in an interview with Bleacher Report. Frank Lampard (wearing black, third right) poses for a picture with his New York City team-mates in February . The deal was extended until the summer after a number of impressive displays for City . Lampard will now join up with his new club in JUly, missing the first four months of the season . 'Or we can look at it from a positive point of view and say, OK, well, this means that some other guys are going to get meaningful opportunities to make significant contributions in his position for the first four or five months of the season, and you need that in our league. 'When you get to the end of the season and there's some real fatigue, injuries and suspensions, you need guys to be able to step in and not miss a beat. I think this affords us that opportunity. 'We're going to be having a player that's going to be at the top of his game, extremely fit, coming right out of a Premiership season, which hopefully will he will have another medal to put in his pocket, and we can have a really significant, positive boost in the middle of the season.' New York begin their season against fellow MLS debutants Orlando City on Sunday. Bleacher Report's Mobile App 'Team Stream' helps you stay in the know with your favourite teams across a range of sports via hand-picked, curated sports stories from around the web. Get news for your teams all in one place and get real-time alerts for breaking stories. DOWNLOAD NOW. | New York City begin debut MLS campaign against Orlando City on Sunday . Frank Lampard agreed to join New York after leaving Chelsea last summer . Midfielder then joined Manchester City on a short-term deal . It was then extended until the end of the Premier League season . As a result Lampard will miss the first four months of the MLS season . New York head coach says it could actually turn into a positive for the team . |
List all the school districts in the following paragraph in a bullet list. | The City of Drew is served by the Sunflower County Consolidated School District. Elementary school students attend A. W. James Elementary School in Drew and middle school students attend Drew Hunter Middle School in Drew. High school students attend Thomas E. Edwards, Sr. High School (formerly Ruleville Central High School) in Ruleville.
Residents were previously zoned to the Drew School District. Children attended A.W. James Elementary School and Drew Hunter High School in Drew. Prior to the 2010-2011 school year the Drew School District secondary schools were Hunter Middle School and Drew High School. As of July 1, 2012, the Drew School District was consolidated with the Sunflower County School District. Drew Hunter's high school division closed as of that date, with high school students rezoned to Ruleville Central High School.
Mississippi Delta Community College has the Drew Center in Drew. Sunflower County Library System operates the Drew Public Library in Drew. | Sure, that paragraph references these school districts:
- Sunflower County Consolidated School District
- Drew School District
- Sunflower County School District
Note that "Sunflower County School District" may be a duplicate of "Sunflower County Consolidated School District", but it is unclear from the context of this paragraph |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Even the world-renowned composer himself might have struggled to orchestrate better than Arsenal's 'Little Mozart' on his day. Rosicky earned that nickname during his five years with Borussia Dortmund, yet it was in Germany where he was labelled 'wasted talent' and Arsenal gladly signed the maestro in May 2006. 'When he is fit...' seem to be the same, old four words that crop up when Rosicky becomes the topic of discussion yet, even at the age of 34, he still knows how to make Arsenal tick. Tomas Rosicky earned the nickname 'Little Mozart' in Germany and he continues to make Arsenal tick at 34 . Olivier Giroud celebrates with Rosicky during their Premier League win against Queens Park Rangers . Rosicky has found minutes hard to come by at Arsenal previously but injuries can prove problematic . Pulling on the yellow of Dortmund from 2001, the all-round midfielder's potential was recognised. Remember Nike's Scorpion advert in 2002? Francesco Totti, Thierry Henry, Patrick Vieira, Paul Scholes, Ruud van Nistelrooy, Ronaldo, Roberto Carlos, Luis Figo and Ronaldinho, among others, playing in a 'secret tournament' hosted by Eric Cantona. Then, among the world's finest footballers, was a 20-something Rosicky. More than a decade on he is in his mid-thirties, and getting better with age. Take the former Sparta Prague youth's cameo against Everton on March 1, for example. There was a moment when Rosicky chased the ball from Phil Jagielka, to Ross Barkley, to Steven Naismith, then back to Barkley, and won the tackle. It merited a standing ovation, before he settled the bag of nerves the Emirates Stadium had become with an 89th-minute goal to make it 2-0. 'This geezer's unreal, how is he 34? Still producing moments of class like that, he's a brilliant player,' one supporter said in his analysis on ArsenalFanTV afterwards. Rosicky scores against Everton previously as he came on as a substitute with just eight minutes remaining . Rosicky shoots to make it 2-0 to Arsenal against Everton on March 1 and settle their nerves . Rosicky should start against Manchester United but is not guaranteed to do so under Wenger . Rosicky mocked up as his nickname 'Little Mozart' 87 - vs QPR (March 4) 8 - vs Everton (March 1) 9 - vs Monaco (February 25) 14 - vs Crystal Palace (February 21) 18 - vs Middlesbrough (February 15) That's exactly how it comes – in 'moments'. The Czech Republic captain doesn't devastate week in, week out yet he is guaranteed to put in a shift. The mentality to pass sideways is lost on Rosicky, who prefers to move the ball quickly and forward, showing as much energy and pace as those with years on him in the Premier League. Yet Rosicky – a one-two kind of player, who bleeds the Arsenal way – has averaged just 19 games per Barclays Premier League season under Wenger in his nine years in north London. The injury-prone playmaker has been unlucky, rupturing his knee tendon in 2008 before requiring surgery on an Achilles tendon in 2012. It cost him more than two years, and a niggle has always seemed to be round the corner since. Minutes have been hard to come by. Eighteen against Middlesbrough in the FA Cup, 14 against Crystal Palace in the Premier League, and just nine in the 3-1 defeat by Monaco in the Champions League at the Emirates. His eight minutes against Everton led to a rare start against Queens Park Rangers, and Wenger should persist with the playmaker. There is no doubt the Arsenal manager likes the man due a testimonial next year if he signs a contract extension. 'If you love football, you love Rosicky,' purred Wenger after their 3-2 win against Brighton & Hove Albion in the FA Cup fourth round. Rosicky treated that match as an exhibition. His assist for Mesut Ozil's first half goal was ridiculous enough before a no-look pass led to a one-two that allowed Rosicky to score a volley in the second. You may remember it better for Phil Neville declaring he would 'two-foot him' if he tried that in his neck of the woods, but most saw it as sheer class from a thinker that views football akin to chess. Rosicky makes a no-look pass against Brighton which pundit Phil Neville found disrespectful . The Czech midfielder used the same move a number of times during Arsenal's 3-2 defeat of Brighton . During interviews Rosicky can look uneasy, like a teenager making a television debut, not a player just one cap short of a century for Czech Republic. Modesty, can be another way to put it. This week we heard Zlatan Ibrahimovic, 33, has years left. Can Rosicky keep being his tireless self? Well, a Jaguar Land Rover may be aged but, when it's only got so many miles on the clock, it runs as good as any. Rosicky has been seen to by mechanics on the treatment table far more than he deserves but, with him now fit, Wenger should start the 34-year-old against Manchester United on Monday, then watch him go. | Tomas Rosicky's career has been hampered by injury at times . Rosicky earned the nickname 'Little Mozart' at Borussia Dortmund . The 34-year-old averages just 19 games per season under Arsene Wenger . Rosicky starred in Nike's Scorpion advert in 2002 with others such as Francesco Totti, Thierry Henry, Luis Figo, Ronaldinho and Ronaldo . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ronnie O'Sullivan beat Graeme Dott 4-1 to progress to the semi-finals of the World Grand Prix in Llandudno, but called his performance 'diabolical'. The 39-year-old did not reach the heights he is capable of, but was still more than good enough to get past the Scot - the man he beat to win the second of his five World Championships in 2008. Ronnie O'Sullivan was in no mood to pat himself on the back after beating Graeme Dott . Neither man made a break of three figures and O'Sullivan missed a handful of easy-looking shots, but Dott was unable to punish him, most notably in the fourth when he missed a green off the spot as he tried to clear to level at 2-2. O'Sullivan made him pay, but was in no mood to pat himself on the back. 'Graeme has had a good tournament, been consistent and is always a tough match,' O'Sullivan told ITV4. 'We both played poorly, I felt nervous for some reason and couldn't see the wood for the trees. It was strange, one of those evenings and it was lucky Graeme played as badly as me. 'I was sitting there thinking of how good Stephen Hendry and Steve Davis were and they started twitching, and thought 'is this my time?'. I missed so many balls, it was diabolical. Martin Gould beat Peter Ebdon 4-2 to book a place in the last four in Llandudno . 'I'm just relieved, tomorrow is another day, but you want to build momentum as this stage of a tournament.' Earlier in the day, Martin Gould beat Peter Ebdon to ensure O'Sullivan would avoid a collision course with his old nemesis. He called the veteran, a man who has tormented him in the past, 'Peter f****** Ebdon' in a newspaper interview this week, but Ebdon was dispatched 4-2. O'Sullivan will face Stuart Bingham in the last four after he beat Mark Davis 4-0 in a low-scoring affair. | Ronnie O'Sullivan beat Graeme Dott 4-1 to progress to the semi-finals . O'Sullivan will now face Stuart Bingham in the last four in Llandudno . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said Saturday that "we need to close ... gaps" with Iran in talks about its nuclear program, adding that those negotiating with Iranian officials "are deeply committed to ensuring that Iran does not obtain a nuclear weapon." Iran faces a March 24 deadline to reach a deal about its nuclear program. Several interim agreements have been made in recent months, though a long-term pact so far has been elusive. Speaking in Paris alongside French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius, Kerry said progress has been made "but there remain gaps, divergences." He acknowledged "the days are ticking by," but that doesn't mean there's an urgent rush to reach an agreement. "We have to get the right deal," the top U.S. diplomat said. Kerry said one thing all members of the P5+1 group -- which consists of the United States, Russia, China, the United Kingdom and France, plus Germany -- agree on is that it's imperative Iran doesn't develop nuclear arms. Iranian minister: Some consider peace an 'existential threat' Officials in Tehran have publicly insisted they want a nuclear program for energy purposes, not to create atomic weaponry. "We will find out whether or not ... Iran's prepared to take the steps to answer the questions that the world has a right to get answers to," Kerry said. | Iran faces a March 24 deadline to reach a deal with world powers on its nuclear program . U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry: "We have to get the right deal" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Incoming England and Wales Cricket Board chairman Colin Graves has promised an inquiry if the upcoming tour to face a 'mediocre' West Indies side does not go to plan. England's Test team are third in the world and are expected to return from the Caribbean with a success, which would be the ideal preparation ahead of an Ashes summer. A Test series boost will also go a long way in restoring faith in the coaching staff - head coach Peter Moores in particular - who have come in for criticism after the World Cup group-stage exit. Incoming ECB chairman Colin Graves vows an inquiry if England don't beat West Indies in their Test series . England coach Peter Moores is under pressure after England's disastrous World Cup . However, Graves has sounded a grim warning should Alastair Cook's team fail to beat West Indies, especially as the islanders will be be losing the likes of Chris Gayle to Twenty20 franchises in India. 'If we don't win, I can tell you now there will be some inquiries of why we haven't,' Graves told BBC Radio Leeds. 'I'd certainly be disappointed if we don't win the West Indies series, because I am pretty sure the West Indies are going to have a mediocre team. 'A lot of their stars are going to be playing in the Indian Premier League anyway, not in the Tests, so we should win that series.' Graves is due to start his job at the ECB in May, amid reports of a potential international return for Kevin Pietersen, with the exiled batsman hopeful of first signing for an English county. Test captain Alastair Cook struggled for form in the MCC's nine-wicket defeat to Yorkshire on Tuesday . But before all of that, Graves accepts the board has to start getting back to its roots. With Tom Harrison having taken charge as the new chief executive, Graves added: 'I think we've been seen as a governing body who might have been a bit aloof or a bit away from the coal face. 'I want to get back to the coal face, and our new chief exec is of the same opinion. That's top of the list. 'We want to be open, transparent and we want to work with the counties and everybody else, all the stakeholders, to make sure that we are doing the right thing.' West Indies will be without destructive batsman Chris Gayle who will be playing in the Indian Premier League . | England are ranked as the third best Test team in the world by the ICC . West Indies will be without several stars who will be playing in the IPL . The Caribbean tour will serve as preparation for this summer's Ashes . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Football is the most widely played sport among French youths. Yet, it struggles to attract and retain girls. How can football serve as a tool of socialization when it remains the domain of young boys and men? Algeria coach Christian Gourcuff, who has a coached a number of Ligue 1 clubs, notes that for a long time, women's football "was a sport totally marginalized." Stereotypes abounded that the sport was too rough, too masculine for girls to play. They were much more likely to compete in basketball, ride horseback, or dance, such as Maïmouna Coulibaly, whose dance company, Les Ambianceuses, is internationally recognized (though overshadowed by her brother, Amedy Coulibaly, the kosher supermarket shooter in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo massacre). But change is afoot. Since the late 1980s, the French Football Federation (FFF) has promoted the sport to women and girls. "Over the past 10 years, there has been a considerable development of the women's game," said Gourcuff. Former player and ex-Paris Saint-Germain official Jean-Michel Moutier concurred. Over the past decade "girls have significantly increased the level of play," he said. "I am agreeably surprised by the quality of certain female football matches." The sport's increased television presence helps significantly, especially broadcasts of the women's World Cup. "That has changed a bit the image of women's football," Gourcuff said, "notably among young girls." Farid El Alagui, who now plays for Scottish club Hibernian, noticed a dramatic difference in how women's football is perceived back home. "If you look at the French national team," he said, "they've been really good." Les Bleues are presently third in FIFA's world ranking and hopes are high for their success at the women's World Cup in Canada between June 6 and July 5. The professional women's league is also responsible for encouraging more girls to play. "There are big clubs like Paris Saint-Germain," El Alagui said, "who are very good and the level of play is quite high." Such examples foster confidence to try to the sport. "I think a lot of girls want to play football," he said. "They're just scared." However, enrollment statistics paint a less exuberant portrait. At ASVCM only seven out of 345 players in the club's football school are girls, and two more play with the club's youth teams in competitions. Such statistics are mirrored nationally. During the 2013-14 season, there were 50,516 licensed girls in the Under-6 to Under-20 demographic, as compared to 997,511 for boys of the same age. While few in number, the young girls at ASVCM -- a local sports club based in a town 12 kilometers south of Paris -- are welcomed and respected, observed Catherine Ledemé, who has volunteered with the club for more than a decade. "They are often the 'mascots' of the team," she said. Moreover, they excel on the field. The football section's president Marc Girard proudly boasted that two of ASVCM's young players are in formation with PSG's women's team. For Ledemé, who week-in and week-out ensures the club's conviviality, "football has strong social values." She supports girls playing football, regardless of the game's stereotypes or image, a sentiment indicative of changing or changed attitudes. More is needed, but the continued success of the women's league and national team will perhaps inspire more girls to take up the sport. | French women's football has long been marginalized, stereotyped as a sport that is too rough and masculine for girls to play . In recent years an increased television presence has raised the profile of the game, especially broadcasts of the women's World Cup . Enrollment statistics remain low with only about 50,000 licensed girls under 20 years of age compared to almost 1 million boys . |
Given this paragraph about Mass–energy equivalence, tell me what each part of the equation E=mc² stands for. | The formula defines the energy E of a particle in its rest frame as the product of mass (m) with the speed of light squared (c2). Because the speed of light is a large number in everyday units (approximately 300000 km/s or 186000 mi/s), the formula implies that a small amount of "rest mass", measured when the system is at rest, corresponds to an enormous amount of energy, which is independent of the composition of the matter. | E is for energy, m is for mass, and c² is for the speed of light squared |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mike Brown believes RFU chief executive Ian Ritchie was 'spot on' to describe England's RBS 6 Nations performance as unacceptable - but the Red Rose and Harlequins full back still thinks Stuart Lancaster's side are genuine World Cup contenders. England were only narrowly pipped to the Championship on points difference by Ireland after a dramatic final day and have had praise lavished on them from all quarters for their attacking brand of rugby, which saw them score 18 tries in five matches. But for Brown, like Ritchie, second place is simply not good enough. Mike Brown is adamant that second place is not good enough despite England's impressive performances . The Harlequins full back was in fine form for England throughout the Six Nations . 'We're not in there to be second so he's spot on really,' he said. 'We didn't have an aim of coming second, we had an aim of winning silverware and coming first, so he hasn't said anything we don't agree with or think ourselves. 'We don't accept coming second because we want to win, and that's it.' Brown has been forced to sit out Harlequins' trip to Wembley to face Saracens in the Aviva Premiership on Saturday with concussion. If you include the Italy match, when he was taken off after being knocked out in the opening minutes, it will be the third match out of five he has missed through concussion for country and club. With no game next week though, Brown is hoping an extended break and a holiday in the sun will have him fit and raring to go for the season finale. Brown said: 'It's disappointing but first and foremost it's about my health and with a big year coming up that's the most important thing for me and England. 'I got a couple of knocks right near the end of the France game and on Sunday and Monday had a little bit of a headache so we're being cautious and doing the right things. 'I was off next week anyway, the England guys have a week off and there isn't a game so that was always the plan. 'So we'll see how I am after that, hopefully a bit of sun and a tan will cure it.' Brown lies motionless after being knocked out against Italy. He was taken off and missed the Ireland game . With just six months to go until the World Cup it is a nervous time for any England hopeful but, typical of the man, Brown is adamant the only way to approach the next two months of club rugby is to go hell for leather. 'It can be difficult because it's always in your mind, such a big goal,' Brown said of balancing club and country ambitions. 'I've never played in a World Cup so for me it's everything, it's what I've worked towards. 'And the fact it's in our home country adds a bit extra and we have got a realistic chance of winning the thing because of the way we are playing and the way we have progressed. 'It's hard not to think about but once you're back at your club the games come so thick and fast you leave it in the back of your mind and focus on just giving it your all.' With five matches to go, Quins are down in eighth place in the table, nine points off an automatic Champions Cup spot and four off a play-off place. For a side that won the title just three years ago and have finished in the top four in the last two seasons, it has been a campaign of disappointment so far. But with Brown, England captain Chris Robshaw, club captain Joe Marler and veteran No 8 Nick Easter all back in their ranks from international duty for the final push, they have more than a fighting chance of salvaging it. Brown trudges off the Twickenham pitch after England were pipped to the Championship by Ireland . Attention switches to club rugby now for Brown as Harlequins look to finish in the top six . Brown says: 'We want to be playing at the top level of European rugby, we want to have those great nights at the Stoop, so we're desperate to try and get that top six spot and we know we can do it.' Whatever the outcome, next season holds exciting prospects for Harlequins with legendary Lions prop Adam Jones and former Australia captain James Horwill joining their ranks. Brown enthused: 'Those two guys have played at the highest level, so that sort of experience will be great for us and great for our young guys. 'Jones will be great for our two young tight heads (Kyle) Sinckler and (Will) Collier who are going to turn out to be two world class players. 'I've heard he's a good character off the field as well so to have another guy like that to go with Minty (Easter) and Danny (Care) will be great for the squad and give it a good blend.' Brown works closely with GB Wheelchair Rugby and backs them as part of the Aviva Community fund, which launched this week. He has donated all of his autumn international man of the series prize money to them in 2013 and also sells his kit viainmylocker.com to raise money for the team. It is something that is close to his heart, as he explains. 'I got introduced to wheelchair rugby through my future father-in-law, he saw it on the internet and thought it might be something I'd be interested in, knowing the sort of fast-paced sports I like. 'There is a little link with my Dad as well because he's got mild MS and sometimes has to use a wheelchair. It's great to help in any way I can.' Brown poses in January with GB Wheelchair Rugby duo Mike Kerr (left) and Chris Ryan (right) Mike Brown was speaking about his support of GB Wheelchair Rugby at the Aviva Community Fund launch, a nationwide initiative from Aviva, title sponsor of Aviva Premiership Rugby, which offers support and funding to causes close to your heart. Visit aviva.co.uk/community-fund . | England hugely impressed rugby critics during the RBS 6 Nations . But RFU chief Ian Ritchie said finishing second was unacceptable . England full back Mike Brown echoes Ritchie's sentiments . Brown now focusing on securing top six spot for Harlequins . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Super Bowl winners Sidney Rice and Steve Weatherford will donate their brains to medical research following their deaths. New York Giants punter Weatherford and former Seattle Seahawks receiver Rice hope to help scientists see the effects of concussions as they study brain injuries. Speaking on 'Fox and Friends', Rice reckoned he had eight to 10 concussions during his NFL career, with the first coming as an eight-year-old. 'It was the first time I ever saw stars, aside from the cartoon shows.' Sidney Rice (left), Dr Jeffry Stock and Steve Weatherford (right) during Brain Injury Awareness Month Benefit . After winning the Super Bowl in 2014, Rice retired at the age of 27 due to fears over his long-term health. Since his rookie year in 2007, Rice said head injures were being taken more seriously, but admitted the culture is a tough one to change. 'It’s just the way we’re brought up. I guess it’s the culture,' Rice said. 'You feel like you have to be out there on the field. It’s the competition that’s instilled in you. You love it, you want to be out there, but it’s very important that you pay attention to what goes on when you get a concussion.' 'There are a lot of issues that stem from brain injuries and it's not just professional athletes. This affects everybody,' Weatherford said. 'A lot of my team-mates and a lot of close friends have dealt with concussions and the depression that comes with that,' he added. More than 4,500 former players are suing the NFL over head injuries suffered during their careers. They are nearing to a settlement worth about $1billion (£655m). | Rice and Weatherford joined a list of players who will donate their brains . The pair made the announcement at a press conference in celebration of Brain Injury Awareness Month . NFL players officially registered 111 concussions during the 2014 regular season, down from 148 in 2013 . The NFL is close to finalizing a $1bn settlement with roughly 4,500 former professional football players over brain-related injuries . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The black man blocked from boarding a Paris Metro by Chelsea fans has derided the club's invitation to a game, claiming they've treated him like a child. Souleymane S was asked to attend the Blues' Champions League last-16 second leg against Paris Saint-Germain as a guest at Stamford Bridge. But he was left irritated by the offer and turned the opportunity to travel to London down, saying he had no intention of sitting near his racial abusers. Souleymane S was invited to Stamford Bridge after footage emerged of him being pushed off a Metro train . CCTV footage shows Chelsea fans preventingSouleymane from boarding while singing racist chants . The 33-year-old has turned down the offer, deriding the invitation as 'treating him like a child' Five of the Chelsea fans involved in the disgraceful incident have been suspended from attending matches . 'I won't go. They can't buy me with a little piece of paper. I'm not a child,' Souleymane told RTL radio. 'I don't want to sit in that stadium next to those people who pushed me.' Last month, a group of Chelsea fans chanting 'We're racist and that's the way we like it' repeatedly pushed Souleymane back as he tried to board a metro train before the 1-1 Champions League draw against PSG. Jose Mourinho said he was disgusted by the behaviour of the fans, five of whom were suspended from attending matches after being identified through amateur video footage. (L-R) Gary Cahill, Cesar Azpilicueta, John Terry and Cesc Fabregas prepare to take on PSG . PSG talisman Zlatan Ibrahimovic (centre) trains at Stamford Bridge ahead of the Champions League decider . Jose Mourinho has already stirred things up by claiming his training is harder than PSG's Ligue 1 win . Souleymane said he was no longer sleeping at night. 'I still hear the voices of those people who pushed me because of the colour of my skin,' he said. 'I can't go to work anymore. I live with racism but it's the first time I've had to go to a doctor to ask for pills to calm myself down.' Following the incident, London and Paris police launched investigations and Chelsea has said the club could issue banning orders for life. 'I want these people to be prosecuted and justice to be done,' Souleymane said. 'Racism must stop.' Branislav Ivanovic gave Chelsea the lead in the first leg of the Champions League tie at Parc des Princes . | Chelsea fans blocked Souleymane S from boarding Paris Metro ahead of Champions League clash with PSG because of his skin colour . The Premier League club have invited him to be a guest at the return leg . Souleymane has derided the invitation and revealed sleeping problems . Five Blues fans involved have been suspended from attending matches . Jose Mourinho's side carry a 1-1 scoreline heading into the second leg . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Barcelona will have home advantage for its Copa del Rey final against Athletic Bilbao after Spain's football federation voted on Wednesday for the Nou Camp as the venue. Both finalists had originally asked to play the May 30 decider at Real Madrid's 81,000-seater Santiago Bernabeu stadium. The Nou Camp will host this year's Copa del Rey final between Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao on May 30 . However, the venue for Copa finals must be offered voluntarily and Madrid made no such offer. After two hours of talks failed to resolve the issue, the federation's executive committee took a vote from four stadium options: Barcelona, Bilbao, Valencia and Sevilla. The Camp Nou, with its maximum capacity of 98,700, was chosen ahead of Bilbao's 53,300-capacity San Mames stadium in the final round of voting. Both finalists wanted to play at the Santiago Bernabeu - but Real Madrid never volunteered their venue . | Barcelona face Athletic Bilbao in the Copa del Rey final on May 30 . Real Madrid's Santiago Bernabeu was the original choice of both sides . Bilbao, Valencia and Sevilla were considered as other venues . |
Given this reference text about the career of Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell, name the ships he commanded after his promotion to the rank of Commander. | Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell was born in Hingham, Massachusetts on February 24, 1823. He entered the navy as midshipman February 27, 1838, and became lieutenant September 4, 1852. He commanded the USS Vandalia in the US Navy's second Fiji expedition, an 1859 punitive expedition against Waya Island warriors who had cannibalized two American traders. In 1862, he commanded the gun-boat Itasca, of the western gulf blockading squadron, and took part in the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. On the night of April 20, his gun-boat, with the Pinola, was sent on an expedition under the command of Fleet-Capt. Bell, to make a passage for the fleet through the chain obstructions near the forts. Lieut. Caldwell and his party boarded one of the hulks that held the chains, and succeeded in detaching the latter, in spite of the heavy fire to which they were subjected. The Itasca was then swept on shore by the current, in full sight of the forts, and it was half an hour before she was afloat again. She was unable to pass the forts with the rest of the fleet, owing to a shot that penetrated her boiler. Lieut. Caldwell was in the action at Grand Gulf, June 9, 1862, and was promoted to commander on July 16 1862.
He commanded the iron-clad Essex, of the Mississippi squadron in 1862–63, and took part in the operations at Port Hudson, from March to July 1863, in command of the Essex and the mortar flotilla.
He commanded the Glaucus of the North Atlantic blockading squadron from 1863 till 1864, and the R. R. Cuyler, of the same squadron, from 1864 till 1865. He became captain, December 12, 1867, chief of staff of the North Atlantic fleet in 1870, and commodore on June 14, 1874.
He died on November 30, 1877. | Essex
Glaucus
R. R. Cuyler |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the sickening moment a youth team footballer knocks out his opponent on the pitch. With the ball long gone, the shocking footage shows the Morecambe U18s striker appearing to launch his right fist into the temple of unaware Oldham Under 18s starlet Jack Tuohy. The sucker punch – creating a disturbing audible moment of impact - sends Tuohy, who had his back turned, crashing to the turf and seemingly unconscious. VIDEO: Scroll down to watch the sickening punch that knocks out Oldham youngster . Jack Touhy is struck from behind in the head, apparently with no provocation, by an opponenent . The Oldham youth player is knocked from his feet as he is knocked out by the punch . Tuohy later went to hospital after beginning to feel sick while his opponent was shown the red card for his staggering act of violence. The dramatic clip was taken during the second-half of Oldham's 7-2 victory over Morecambe at the club's Chapel Road Training Ground on Saturday. One witness said: 'It was Morecambe's number nine who lost it. Minutes earlier he had elbowed one of the Oldham lads in the face. The ref didn't see it and Oldham took the player off because he was bleeding and he had lost it. 'Then the ball has gone and the same lad just whacks another Oldham player in the face as he has his back turned and is running away. The striker had reportedly also elbowed an opponent just a few moments before . The Morecambe No 9 keeps running past the young Oldham star as if nothing had happened . 'In years and years of watching football I have never seen anything like it.' The witness added: 'I don't think the ref saw this one either but the Oldham players came running over and the linesman ran onto the pitch. 'He then sent the Morecambe lad off.' Oldham declined to comment on the incident but Sportsmail understands Tuohy was sent home after being checked over at hospital later on Saturday. After the game he tweeted: 'Good 7-2 win good to get a goal and head is killing me now wow.' A Morecambe statement read: ‘We have been made aware of an incident that occurred in a youth team game against Oldham and will hold our own enquiries into the matter over the next few days.’ | Oldham youngster Jack Touhy punched in the face from behind . Morcambe youth player had also reportedly elbowed an opponent . Tuohy was taken to hospital and later tweeted 'head is killing me now' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Vigilante motorists in New Zealand have taken to snatching the car keys of foreign drivers amid rising concern over dangerous driving by tourists. New Zealand media have reported five cases this year of locals forcibly taking the keys of foreign motorists after witnessing driving that concerned them. All the incidents -- which have been condemned by authorities -- took place in the South Island, which draws tourists from around the world for its rugged scenery, including lakes and mountains featured in director Peter Jackson's "Lord of the Rings" films. The incidents occurred amid heightened public concern over tourist driving standards, with eight people killed in crashes involving foreign drivers in the space of a fortnight last month. Among the dead were a family of four from Hong Kong who were killed when their car crossed the center line and collided with a logging truck. The key snatchings have even prompted Prime Minister John Key to weigh in on the issue, advising that "people taking the law into their own hands is not sensible." New Zealand Police Assistant Commissioner of Road Policing Dave Cliff said the confiscations existed in a legal gray area, as there was no explicit statute dealing with the issue. Although there might be exceptional circumstances where taking someone's keys could be legally justified, such as preventing drunken driving, he said, "in the vast majority of cases, it won't be." "That extends to physically assaulting or abusing someone in response to their driving, which is simply not acceptable, and anyone found doing so should expect to face the consequences," he said. Diesel mechanic Robert Penman of Dunedin made headlines last month after he took the keys of a Chinese couple who had stopped their car on a narrow single-lane road to take pictures, causing a backlog of vehicles behind them. "I was coming into town with my wife and son and came around the corner, and there was a car stopped in the middle of the road," he told CNN affiliate TVNZ. He called police and took their keys as "a safety thing, you know, timeframe for police to get there," he said. The New Zealand Transport Agency later revealed that Penman was driving on an expired license himself. Penman told local media it was not the first time he had taken a tourist's car keys. Only 6% of crashes in New Zealand involve foreign drivers, according to the latest figures provided by the Ministry of Transport. But in some remote regions of the South Island particularly popular with tourists for their scenery -- such as the Mackenzie, Southland, Queenstown-Lakes and Kaikoura districts -- foreign drivers are involved in about a quarter of all crashes. In Westland District, on the South Island's rugged West Coast, foreign drivers are involved in 37% of road crashes resulting in death or injury. Tony Kokshoorn, mayor of the neighboring Grey District, said tourist driving behavior was a major problem in the region and attributed the issue to tourists from countries that drive on the right. New Zealanders drive on the left. "There's a huge number of tourists coming through to these destinations because of the scenery, but the scenery is a problem," he said. "There's so many beautiful sights to see that they're not concentrating on their driving. Once they lose their concentration, they tend to fall into old habits and drive on the right. Even for 20 seconds, it can cause damage." A Ministry of Transport spokesperson said that while this was a factor, figures showed that Australian and British drivers were involved in the most crashes overall, "so unfamiliarity with which side of the road to drive on is not the only factor." Kokshoorn said that he had seen three cases of tourists driving on the wrong side of the road recently but that the vigilante approach -- which had seen a visitor to his town punched in the face as he was stripped of his keys last month -- was "disgraceful." He said the best approach was better education on local driving conditions for foreign drivers, particularly at the rental companies where they picked up their vehicles. Anyone with a foreign drivers license or permit is able to drive in New Zealand for up to a year. Associate Transport Minister Craig Foss said the government recognized that "many people are concerned with poor driving behavior on challenging roads in and around popular tourist destinations" and had established a project in response. The measures include improvements to roading, such as "keep left" signage and no-passing markings on the extensive stretches of single-lane highway, and educational resources targeted at visiting drivers, including many targeting the growing Chinese market. Kokshoorn said it was important to "strike the right balance" in getting the message to foreign drivers to take care on the unfamiliar roads. "We value tourism and the dollars it brings to New Zealand, especially to our region here. We don't want to put tourists off, but we want them to be safe in our country," he said. "You cross that center line, and anything's possible." CNN's David Molko contributed to this report. | Five tourists have had their car keys snatched by vigilantes this year . The confiscations have taken place amid rising concern over tourist driving behavior . In popular Westland, 37% of serious crashes have involved foreign drivers . |
What is the Jones-Connally Act? | The Jones–Connally Act was a New Deal Initiative passed by Congress in April 1934 as an extension to the Agricultural Adjustment Act. Largely in response to the great drought of 1933–1934, cattle ranchers acted against their former opposition to the commodification of cattle and appealed to the government for assistance in ridding of themselves of the millions of cattle they could no longer afford to feed or to keep alive without a loss on return. | The Jones–Connally Act was passed by the US Congress in April 1934. It was an extension to the Agricultural Adjustment Act. It was part of the New Deal and was in response to the drought of 1933-1934. It made cattle a basic commodity giving the government authority over the distribution and processing of the cattle for public relief purposes. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Barcelona defender Gerard Pique took to Facebook to answer questions ranging from who his childhood idols were to the toughest opponents he has ever faced on the pitch. With his team leading La Liga and on the verge of reaching the Champions League quarter-finals at the expense of Manchester City, Pique took time away from training to interact with his fans. When asked who were the best defenders he has played alongside, the 28-year-old listed a pair of stalwarts from the two clubs he has signed for during his career: Carles Puyol at Barcelona and Rio Ferdinand of Manchester United. Barcelona defender Gerard Pique opened up during a Facebook Q&A session with fans . The Spain international scores a rare goal during the 6-1 defeat of Rayo Vallecano on March 8 . Pique picked former Man United team-mate Rio Ferdinand as one of the best defenders he has played with . A young Pique listens as Ferdinand gives youngsters advice during their time together at Old Trafford . Pique arrived at Manchester United from Barcelona's La Masia academy as a teenager in 2004 before returning to Barcelona four years later when opportunities at Old Trafford became limited, primarily because of the established form of Ferdinand and Nemanja Vidic. The Spaniard, who has a child with pop songstress Shakira, bears a similar cultured style to Ferdinand in the mould of a tall defender with excellent technique who is comfortable on the ball. Meanwhile, at the other end of the pitch, Pique again chose one player from England and another from Spain when asked who have been his toughest opponents. Pique picked Real Madrid rival Cristiano Ronaldo (right) as one of the toughest players he's played against . Chelsea battering ram Didier Drogba (2nd left) was another opponent that has tested Pique to the limit . 'Cristiano Roanldo and Didier Drogba,' he answered in reference to his Real Madrid rival and and Chelsea's physically imposing centre-forward. Among other revelations from Pique's Q&A session are that Hristo Stoichkov and Ronald Koeman were his idols as a child while, unsurprisingly, Lionel Messi is 'definitely' the best player he has ever played with. Pique also admitted he misses the presence of Puyol and close friend Cesc Fabregas in the Nou Camp dressing room, saying: 'Yes, a loooooot! Who wouldn't?' The 28-year-old admits he misses having his close friend Cesc Fabregas with him at Barcelona . | Barcelona star Gerard Pique took part in Facebook Q&A with fans . Spain defender picked former Manchester United team-mate Rio Ferdinand and Carles Puyol as the best defenders he has played with . Pique rates Cristiano Ronaldo and Didier Drogba as his hardest opponents . |
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