id
stringlengths 36
36
| question
stringlengths 7
1.22k
| opa
stringlengths 1
175
| opb
stringlengths 1
247
| opc
stringlengths 1
240
| opd
stringlengths 1
195
| cop
class label 4
classes | choice_type
stringclasses 2
values | exp
stringlengths 1
15k
⌀ | subject_name
stringclasses 21
values | topic_name
stringclasses 840
values | found_keywords
sequencelengths 1
10
| local_id
int64 4
183k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5e861ba4-41a9-47d3-a357-eee8e261ee7d | Warm antibody haemolytic anemia is seen in : | Methyldopa | Penicillin | Quinine | Stibophen | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"quinine",
"methyldopa"
] | 63,505 |
dd47c443-bea8-4584-9e01-42dac385d8cf | A hypeensive patient presented with open-angle glaucoma. Drug of choice is to decrease the IOP is: | Latanoprost | Pilocarpine | Epinephrine | Timolol | 3d
| single | Timolol is a potent, non-selective beta receptor antagonist. It has no intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane-stabilizing activity. It is used for hypeension, congestive hea failure, acute MI, and migraine prophylaxis. It is used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and intraocular hypeension. Its mechanism of action in treating open angle glaucoma is not precisely known; but the drug appears to reduce aqueous humour production through blockade of beta receptors on the ciliary epithelium. Ref: Westfall T.C., Westfall D.P. (2011). Chapter 12. Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists. In L.L. Brunton, B.A. Chabner, B.C. Knollmann (Eds), Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e. | Ophthalmology | null | [
"pilocarpine",
"latanoprost",
"epinephrine",
"timolol"
] | 63,509 |
81e61f89-e281-46a5-87d1-be624f9c9335 | Best treatment of severe digitalis toxicity is | Potassium supplements | Diphenyl hydantoin | Quinidine | Fab fragments of digitalis antibody | 3d
| single | The primary treatment of digoxin toxicity is digoxin immune fab, which is an antibody made up of anti-digoxin immunoglobulinfragments. This antidote has been shown to be highly effective in treating life-threatening signs of digoxin toxicity such as hyperkalemia, hemodynamic instability, and arrhythmias. Fab dose can be determined by two different methods. First method is based on the amount of digoxin ingested whereas the second method is based on the serum digoxin concentration and the weight of the person. Other treatment that may be used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias until Fab is acquired are magnesium, phenytoin, and lidocaine. Magnesium suppresses digoxin-induced ventricular arrhythmias while phenytoin and lidocaine suppresses digoxin-induced ventricular automaticity and delay afterdepolarizations without depressing AV conduction. In the case of an abnormally slow hea rate (bradyarrhythmias), Atropine, catecholamines (isoprenaline or salbutamol), and/or temporary cardiac pacing can be used Refer kDT 6/e p499 | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"quinidine"
] | 63,514 |
036b304c-1cba-4a87-89bc-701934e56aa9 | Drug of choice for round worm | Albendazole | Metronidazole | Praziquantal | Mebendazole | 0a
| single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | [
"albendazole",
"mebendazole",
"metronidazole"
] | 63,553 |
0cca2a38-1a4f-41d1-9a0f-046d082d5a90 | The reversal of neutromuscular blockade with d–T–C is done with – | Scoline | Neostimine | Atropine | Dantrolene | 1b
| single | null | Anaesthesia | null | [
"dantrolene",
"atropine"
] | 63,555 |
a41f4988-8d9b-4b72-b623-c67bb0935f41 | Aseptic meningitis is caused by? | Indomethacin | Ibuprofen | Aspirin | Icatibant | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ibuprofen Medications Known to cause aseptic meningitis NSAIDsAntimicrobialsImmunomodulating agentsCommonibuprofenTrimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazoleMonoclonal antibody Intravenous IgGUncommonSulindac Naproxen Diclofenac RofecoxibSulfonamidesAzathioprineCauses of Acute Aseptic MeningitisInfectious cases|||BacterialViralo Lyme diseaseo Leptospirosiso Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectiono Subacute bacterial endocarditiso Parameningeal infection (epidural subdural abcess, sinus or ear infection)o Partially treated becterial meningitiso Echovirus infectiono Coxsackie virus infectiono Mumpso Herpes simplex virus type 2 infectiono HIV infectiono Lymphocytic choriomeningitiso Poliovirus infection | Medicine | Meningitis and Encephalitis | [
"indomethacin",
"ibuprofen",
"icatibant"
] | 63,558 |
d35962bf-0864-4e6f-a563-0135f61fbf01 | Drug of choice for Mycoplasma: | Cefadroxil | Erythromycin | Chloramphenicol | Azithromycin | 3d
| single | Azithromycin is the DOC for:
Mycoplasma, cat scratch disease, legionella infections and chanchroid (caused by H-ducreyi) | Pharmacology | null | [
"erythromycin",
"azithromycin",
"chloramphenicol"
] | 63,566 |
181ecc05-7627-4120-9d16-68595392b004 | A 38 year old man is posted for extraction of last molar tooth under general anaesthesia as a day care case. lie wishes to resume his work after 6 hours. Which one of the following induction agents is preferred? | Propofol | Ketamine | Diazepam | Thiopentone sodium | 0a
| single | Propofol has replaced the barbiturates for induction of anesthesia in the ambulatory setting because of its orable recovery profile. Recovery after induction of anesthesia with propofol is faster than with the barbiturate compounds and is associated with low incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting. Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology By K O Tripathi, 5th Edition, Page 344; Miller&;s Anesthesia, 6th Edition, Pages 2602-3 | Anaesthesia | All India exam | [
"ketamine",
"diazepam",
"propofol"
] | 63,567 |
c0717c0c-2edb-4280-9e61-5aa507563400 | The anticoagulant of choice for performing coagulation studies is - | EDTA | Heparin | Tri sodium citrate | Double oxalate | 2c
| single | The most commonly use anticoagulant for in vitro Coagulation Studies is Citric Acid.It is generally employed in the form of Sodium Citrate.
In Vitro use of anticoagulants
For coagulation studies-Sodium Citrate
For Hematological studies-EDTA
For estimation of ESR
Wintrobes method-Double oxalate.
Westergren method-Sodium Citrate. | Pathology | null | [
"edta"
] | 63,570 |
529688f5-027b-4e8d-b3ed-13b0c42c8107 | The best possible intervention for acute myocardial infarction is - | Streptokinase | Streptokinase and aspirin | Early primary coronary intervention | Streptokinase and heparin | 2c
| single | Ref : harrisons-manual-of-medicine-16th-edition pg no: 622-624 TREATMENT Initial Therapy Initial goals are to: (1) quickly identify if patient is candidate for reperfusion therapy, (2) relieve pain, and (3) prevent/treat arrhythmias and mechanical complications. * Aspirin should be administered immediately (162-325 mg chewed at presentation, then 162-325 mg PO qd), unless pt is aspirin-intolerant. * Perform targeted history, exam, and ECG to identify STEMI (1 mmST elevation in two contiguous leads or new LBBB) and appropriateness of reperfusion therapy , which reduces infarct size, LV dysfunction, and moality. * Primary PCI is generally more effective than fibrinolysis and is preferred at experienced centers capable of performing procedure rapidly , especially when diagnosis is in doubt, cardiogenic shock is present, bleeding risk is increased, or if symptoms have been present for 3 h. * Proceed with IV fibrinolysis if PCI is not available or if logistics would delay PCI 1 h longer than fibrinolysis could be initiated (Fig. 123-1). Dooo- needle time should be 30 min for maximum benefit. Ensure absence of contraindications before administering fibrinolytic agent. Those treated within 1-3 h benefit most; can still be useful up to 12 h if chest pain is persistent or ST remains elevated in leads that have not developed new Q waves. Complications include bleeding, reperfusion arrhythmias, and, in case of streptokinase (SK), allergic reactions. Heparin should be initiated with fibrinolytic agents other than SK ; maintain aPTTT at 1.5-2.0 control (50-70 s). * If chest pain or ST elevation persists 90 min after fibrinolysis, consider referral for rescue PCI. Later coronary angiography after fibrinolysis generally reserved for pts with recurrent angina or positive stress test. The initial management of NSTEMI (non-Q MI) is different . In paicular, fibrinolytic therapy should not be Additional Standard Treatment (Whether or not reperfusion therapy is undeaken): * Hospitalize in CCU with continuous ECG monitoring. * IV line for emergency arrhythmia treatment. * Pain control: (1) Morphine sulfate 2-4 mg IV q5-10min until pain is relieved or side effects develop ; (2) nitroglycerin 0.3 mg SL if systolic bp 100 mmHg; for refractory pain: IV nitroglycerin (begin at 10 g/min, titrate upward to maximum of 200 g/min, monitoring bp closely); do not administer nitrates within 24 h of sildenafil or within 48 h of tadalafil (used for erectile dysfunction); (3) -adrenergic antagonists * Oxygen 2-4 L/min by nasal cannula (maintain O2 saturation 90%). * Mild sedation (e.g., diazepam 5 mg PO qid). * Soft diet and stool softeners (e.g., docusate sodium 100-200 mg/d). * -Adrenergic blockers reduce myocardial O2 consumption, limit infarct size, and reduce moality. Especially useful in pts with hypeension, tachycardia, or persistent ischemic pain; contraindications include active CHF, systolic bp 95 mmHg, hea rate 50 beats/min, AV block,or history of bronchospasm. Administer IV (e.g., metoprolol 5 mg q5-10min to total dose of 15 mg), followed by PO regimen (e.g., metoprolol 25-100 mg bid). * Anticoagulation/antiplatelet agents: Pts who receive fibrinolytic therapy are begun on heparin and aspirin as indicated above. In absence of fibrinolytic therapy, administer aspirin, 160-325 mg qd, and low-dose heparin (5000 U SC q12h for DVT prevention). Full-dose IV heparin (PTT 2 control) or low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., enoxaparin 1 mg/kg SC q12h) followed by oral anticoagulants is recommended for pts with severe CHF, presence of ventricular thrombus by echocardiogram, or large dyskinetic region in anterior MI. Oral anticoagulants are continued for 3 to 6 months, then replaced by aspirin. * ACE inhibitors reduce moality in pts following acute MI and should be prescribed within 24 h of hospitalization for pts with STEMI--e.g., captopril (6.25 mg PO test dose) advanced to 50 mg PO tid. ACE inhibitors should be continued indefinitely after discharge in pts with CHF or those with asymptomatic LV dysfunction ; if ACE inhibitor intolerant, use angiotensin receptor blocker (e.g., valsaan or candesaan). * Serum magnesium level should be measured and repleted if necessary to reduce risk of arrhythmias. | Medicine | C.V.S | [
"streptokinase"
] | 63,583 |
4f272916-9d92-48a2-a586-a71d130a7f1a | Which of the following drug reduces blood pressure by directly decreasing the hea rate: | Propanolol | Prazosin | Alpha methyl dopa | Nitroprusside sodium | 0a
| single | Propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker. It has a negative chronotropic effect (decreases hea rate) It decreases hea rate by blocking the beta1 receptors located on the hea. It also decreases renin production from JG cells of kidney decreasing BP (Ref- Essentials of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 8th Edition) | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"nitroprusside",
"prazosin"
] | 63,584 |
ae22418c-a28f-4b8a-aae2-55c481da66df | Which of the following drug is used for AML | Bevacizumab | Rituximab | Ozogamicin | Trastuzumab | 2c
| single | Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin is used in AML -It is directed against cd33 antibody Other drugs used in AML-Arsenic, tretinoin Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | All India exam | [
"rituximab"
] | 63,593 |
df3030ca-d110-4d43-b9e2-391dd56069da | Most serious side effect of valproate is | Fulminant hepatits | Spina bifida | Weight gain | Thrombocytopenia | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fulminant hepatits Valproate Valproate acts by multiple mechanism : Prolongation of inactivated Na* channel. Inhibition of T type Ca' current. Inhibition of degradation of GABA by GABA transminase - facilitation of GABA mediated Cl- channel opening. Its most serious adverse effect is fulminant hepatitis especially in children below 3 years. Used during pregnancy, it has produced spina bifida and other neural tube defects. Uses (other than epilepsy) --> mania & bipolar illness, prophylaxis of migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, tardive dyskinesia. Adverse effect of Valproate Neurological - Ataxia, sedation,tremor Systemic- Hepatotoxicity, thromobocytopenia,GI irritation, weight gain, transient alopecia, hyperammonemia, pancreatitis,coagulation disorder. | Pharmacology | null | [
"valproate"
] | 63,616 |
5b6fbe86-8652-4c61-a84e-5c7c8ee6d751 | Which one of the following inhalational anesthetics is most likely to cause fluoride ion nephrotoxicity ? | Methoxyflurane | Enflurane | Halothane | Isoflurane | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Methoxyflurane o Intrarenal metabolism of methoxyflurane and subsequent intrarenal production of fluoride ion is the significant cause of methoxyflurane renal toxicity. | Pharmacology | null | [
"methoxyflurane",
"enflurane",
"isoflurane",
"halothane"
] | 63,624 |
1ca7b390-aad5-4b5b-b45b-cbc3a4afb7ec | Drug of choice for non gonococcal urethritis is | Doxycycline | Tetracycline | Ciprofloxacin | Ceftriaxone | 0a
| single | i.e. (Doxycycline) : (715-KDT 6th) (1399-1249-CMDT-11) Drug of choice for Nongonococcal Urethritis trachomatis. Mvcoplasma genitaliumUreaplasmaUrealyticum)* Azithromycin (preferred and safe in pregnancy) lg single doseorDoxycycline (C/I in pregnancy) 100 mg BD for 7 daysorLevoflaxacin (C/I in pregnancy) 500 mg OD for 7 days* Diagnosis made by nucleic acid amplification of urine or swab specimen Drug of choice for Gonococcal Urethritis* Ceftriaxone (III generation cephalosporins) single dose 1/MorCefixime 400mg orally onceorCefpodoxime 200-400mg orally once | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | [
"tetracycline",
"ciprofloxacin",
"doxycycline",
"ceftriaxone"
] | 63,638 |
d4cec9d0-dfeb-4067-b2c7-6dcc7ead1828 | False about amoebic liver abscess | More common in 20- 40 years | More common in left lobe | Metronidazole is mainstay of treatment | Multiple abscess cannot be drained by aspiration | 1b
| multi | Ans. (b) More common in Left LobeRef: Sabiston 20th Edition Page 1451* Multiple abscess cannot be drained by aspiration. They need to be treated by antibiotics.* Amoebic liver abscess is MC in Right Lobe liver | Surgery | Liver | [
"metronidazole"
] | 63,646 |
0a362e98-0c76-4c16-93df-f2db21f83d3e | Which of the following prostaglandin analogues is used in glaucoma ? | Misoprostol | Latanoprost | Enprostil | Rioprostil | 1b
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"misoprostol",
"latanoprost"
] | 63,652 |
2ec32224-58d6-4dc9-b2ba-d6ccad7e0b53 | Long acting b2 sympathomimetic ? | Salmeterol | Orciprenaline | Penoterol | Pexbaterol | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Salmeterol o b2-agonistsused in Asthma 1.Sho acting --> Salbutamol, terbutaline 2. Long acting --> Salmeterol, formoterol | Pharmacology | null | [
"salmeterol"
] | 63,670 |
060d30a9-871f-42e2-bc8e-7cbb81ac821c | Which of the following is not approved for treatment of leprosy | Ofloxacin | Minocycline | Azathioprine | Clarithromycin | 2c
| single | Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1334 | Dental | Bacterial infections | [
"azathioprine",
"clarithromycin",
"minocycline",
"ofloxacin"
] | 63,671 |
6afd6346-11c7-4dde-a631-803681c8b2b5 | Hepatic granulomas are seen with: | Halothane | Chlorpromazine | Sulfonamides | Methyldopa | 2c
| single | Morphologic alterations due to drugs may also include bridging hepatic necrosis (e.g., methyldopa), or hepatic granulomas (e.g., sulfonamides). Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2560 | Medicine | null | [
"methyldopa",
"chlorpromazine",
"halothane"
] | 63,686 |
a1a24c66-26e2-4e57-a51c-30f0744ad059 | Bromocriptine is indicated in the following conditions except: | Prolactin – secreting adenomas | Prolactin deficiency | Amenorrhea -Galactorrhea | Acromegaly | 1b
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"bromocriptine"
] | 63,702 |
c6ae4088-fe1e-4f81-921b-ebeee116feb3 | Drug of choice for absence seizure is? | Clonezapam | Diazepam | Phenytoin | Valproate | 3d
| single | Ans. (d) ValproateRef. KDT 6/e, p 408 | Pharmacology | D.O.C | [
"valproate",
"phenytoin",
"diazepam"
] | 63,710 |
37e77be6-0934-423f-b398-d4cd04e70eb0 | Which of the following is not the action of calcitriol? | Calcitriol increases the intestinal absorption of calcium | Calcitriol stimulates calcium uptake for deposition as calcium phosphate in the osteoblasts of bone | Calcitriol increases the excretion of calcium and phosphate through the kidney | Calcitriol action is similar to steroid hormones | 2c
| single | Calcitriol increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.
In the osteoblasts of bone, calcitriol stimulates calcium uptake for deposition as calcium phosphate, Thus calcitriol is essential for bone formation.
Calcitriol is also involved in minimizing the excretion of calcium and phosphate through the kidney, by decreasing their excretion' and enhancing reabsorption.
Calcitriol action is similar to steroid hormones. lt binds to a receptor in the cytosol and the complex acts on DNA to stimulate the synthesis of calcium binding protein.
Reference: Satyanarayana- Biochemistry, 3rd edition, pg-125 | Biochemistry | null | [
"calcitriol"
] | 63,715 |
83e0fab4-ab43-467c-a074-7e9bccbb68cf | A 45-year-old woman underwent a modified radical mastectomy 4 years ag0. She was treated for multiple bone metastasis with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluororacil for 6 months. She is complaining of exeion on exercise, swelling of the legs, and swelling around eyes in the morning. On examination, she has bilateral rales in the lungs, s1, s2 audible, s3, s5 gallop present. Her BP is 149/117 mm Hg, PR is 80/min, RR is 18/min. what is the most likely cause for her cardiac condition? | Systolic dysfunction CHF | Drug induced cardiac toxicity | Metastatic cardiac disease | Pneumonia | 1b
| multi | Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is a major adverse effect that has been encountered for some clinically impoant drugs especially antineoplastic agents. This toxicity has previously led to the post-marketing withdrawal of numerous pharmacologically active drugs and limits the efficacy of other clinically useful ones Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 1213 | Medicine | C.V.S | [
"cyclophosphamide",
"doxorubicin"
] | 63,721 |
9da74a2c-a1bb-40cf-9367-a444d5cc2f8c | Which of the following is the allosteric activator of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase? | Malonyl-CoA | Acetyl-CoA | Citrate | Biotin | 2c
| multi | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is active when it is polymerized. Citrate promotes its polymerization. Citrate is an indicator of high-energy status. Palmitoyl-CoA inhibits its polymerization. | Biochemistry | Fatty acid and synthesis | [
"biotin"
] | 63,725 |
0fe91caa-7f24-46e7-a97f-764ee64223ac | A mother with 10 weeks pregnancy and who had previously delivered a baby with open neural tube defect which statement is true: | Sodium valproate causes open neural tube defect | Risk of recurrence is 10% | Amniocentesis should be done | Give multivitamin | 0a
| multi | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"valproate"
] | 63,733 |
ed9aa231-d0b8-48f1-8de8-edf3ee8d9c06 | Which of the following is not true about late onset Hemorrhagic disease of newborn (HDN)? | Begins between 2-7 days of life | Intracranial Hemorrhage is common | Biliary atresia can predispose | Warfarin therapy is associated | 0a
| multi | Ans. a (Begins between 2-7 days of life) (Ref Care of Newborn by Maherbansingh 6,th/336; Oski's Pediatrics - Pg. 468)As classified by Hathaway, hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur in early, classic, and late forms.Early HDN presents in first 24 hrs of life generally with catstrophic bleeding. Classic vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn is the most common type of hemorrhagic disease in newborns and classic HDN occurs between 2 and 7 days of life and usually presents as Gl bleeding. Vitamin K (0.5 to 1 mg) given IMIy at birth prevents classic hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, which occurs at 2-7 days of age. Late onset HDN occurs l-3months after birth and is asso with a high incidence CNS hemorrhage and motality.HDN (Hemorrhagic disease of newborn)FeaturesEarly HDNClassical HDNLate HDNOnset< 24 hoursUp to 1-7 days2-16 weeksPresentationConcealed bleedingBleeding from umbilical cord stump, nose, GIT and during surgery (e.g., circumcision)Bleeding more common from sites like intracranial; vessels, skin, mucous membrane, GIT, etcEtiologyIn utero vitamin K deficiency# Most common due to physiologic deficiency of vitamin K in newborns fed with breast milk.# Vitamin K content of human milk (15 mcg/L) is half that of the cow milk.# Predisposing factors are:- Chronic diarrhea,- Malabsorption,- Hepatic cholestasis (e.g. bililary atresia)- Long-term broad-spectrum antibiotics and- Mucovisidosis.- Warfarin therapy- Rare in formula-fed babies and those who have received inj. vitamin K at birth.- Mortality is 20% in late HDN. | Pediatrics | New Born Infants | [
"warfarin"
] | 63,747 |
9bb599cf-38b9-4fba-b4a4-a643b09e8be9 | A 53-year-old woman discovers a lump in her breast and physical examination confirms a mass in the lower, outer quadrant of the left breast. Mammography demonstrates an ill-defined, stellate density measuring 1 cm. Needle aspiration reveals malignant ductal epithelial cells. A modified radical mastectomy is performed. The surgical specimen reveals a firm irregular mass (arrows). Which of the following cellular markers would be the most useful to evaluate before considering therapeutic options for this patient? | Collagenase | Estrogen receptors | Galactosyltransferase | Lysosomal acid hydrolases | 1b
| multi | Over half of breast cancers exhibit nuclear estrogen receptor protein. A slightly smaller proportion also has progesterone receptors. Women whose cancers possess hormone receptors have a longer disease-free survival and overall survival than those with early-stage cancers who are negative for these receptors. The beneficial effects of oophorectomy on survival in patients with breast cancer led to the use of estrogen antagonists in the treatment of breast cancer. In general, antiestrogen therapy seems to prolong disease-free survival, particularly in postmenopausal and node-positive women. It also lowers the risk of cancer in the contralateral breast. The latter discovery has led to the use of antiestrogens as chemoprevention in women at high risk for developing breast cancer. None of the other choices are related prognostically to breast carcinoma.Diagnosis: Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast | Pathology | Breast | [
"collagenase"
] | 63,753 |
a02c84ff-4eb2-4c23-b1e9-3746271bdd09 | Drug of choice in Zollinger Ellison syndrome is - | Ranitidine | Omeprazole | Antacids | β-blocker | 1b
| single | null | Medicine | null | [
"ranitidine",
"omeprazole"
] | 63,767 |
4bb76849-e503-4b4d-9e4e-95942b06104b | A 54-year-old obese man was diagnosed with NIDDM 1 year earlier. He was staed on glipizide and metformin. His other medications are propranolol and nifedipine for hypeension, and naproxen, which he began 2 weeks ago for severe osteoahritis. His BP is 154/92. His BUN is 29 mg/dL and a creatinine of 1.8 mg/dL; both had been normal 1 year earlier. Which medications are most likely responsible for the increase in BUN and creatinine? | Glipizide | Metformin | Naproxen | Nifedipine | 2c
| multi | The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen, may cause a usually mild renal insufficiency, possibly related to a mild interstitial nephritis or glomerulonephritis. Risk of NSAID-induced renal damage is increased in the elderly and in patients with underlying renal disease. Glipizide a second-generation sulfonylurea, may predispose patients to hypoglycemia but is not associated with renal toxicity. Metformin does not induce renal damage but should be used cautiously in patients with underlying renal damage because of the possibility of developing lactic acidosis. Neither nifedipine nor propranolol has a tendency to adversely affect the kidneys. Ref - Harrison's principles of internal medicine 20e pg 348, 824t, 2630, 2630t | Medicine | Endocrinology | [
"propranolol",
"metformin",
"glipizide",
"naproxen",
"nifedipine"
] | 63,769 |
9c6c488c-896c-4790-8731-b9067a77b87f | A 40 year old male, chronic smoker comes with acute epigastric discomfo, for past one hour. ECG showing ST segment elevation in inferior leads. What is the immediate intervention ? | Aspirin | Thrombolytic therapy | IV pantoprazole | Beta blockers | 0a
| single | Aspirin Antiplatelet therapy in the form of aspirin is administered in all patients with acute coronary syndrome. It brings down the moality rate at the same rate as thrombolytic therapy. Usually, aspirin is administered before the E.C.G but the presence of epigastric discomfo might have been responsible for delay in administration of aspirin. | Surgery | null | [
"pantoprazole"
] | 63,773 |
5e321a6e-7302-451d-833d-b254f212fadc | A 30-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of fatigue. In addition, she reports that her urine is very dark and "tea color" like, and today her partner commented that her eyes look yellow. Her past medical history is significant for myasthenia gravis for which she is taking azathioprine and pyridostigmine. Laboratory investigations reveal findings in keeping with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The chest x-ray (CXR) reveals an anterior mediastinal mass. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | thymoma | nodular sclerosing Hodgkin disease | small cleaved cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma | teratoma | 0a
| multi | Thymic tumors may be associated with myasthenia gravis, red cell aplasia, polymyositis, hemolytic anemia, pemphigus, and agranulocytosis. There is also an association with immunodeficiency and thymoma. These patients have B-lymphocyte deficiency and bacterial infections and diarrhea. Erythroid aplasia may develop as well. | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology | [
"azathioprine"
] | 63,777 |
e6f6ae38-ae91-4a9f-8687-81d7196420b9 | K+ sparing diuretic is : | Furosemide | Spironolactone | Thiazide | None | 1b
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"spironolactone",
"furosemide"
] | 63,784 |
cc5ffd90-0c31-4249-b297-7c9dc0abc167 | All of the following are useful for treating acute bronchial asthma in children except? | 100% Oxygen | Hydrocoisone | Salbutamol | Sodium Cromoglycate inhalation | 3d
| multi | Cromolyn sodium inhibits the release of histamine, leukotrienes and other mediators from sensitised mast cells exposed to specific antigens. It has no intrinsic anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, or vasoconstrictive effects. | Medicine | COPD and Asthma | [
"salbutamol"
] | 63,785 |
8fe239b4-d7e5-4fed-8362-74a872589cea | Pyridoxine is given with which antitubcrcular drug? | Rifampicin | INH | Pyrazinamide | Ethambutol | 1b
| single | (B) INH # INH (isoniazid) causes peripheral neuritis and can be prevented by pyridaxine (B6)> Peripheral neuropathy associated with isoniazid occurs in up to 2% of patients given 5 mg/kg. Isoniazid appears to interfere with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) metabolism.> Risk of isoniazid-related neurotoxicity is greatest for patients with preexisting disorders that also pose a risk of neuropathy, such as HIV infection; for those with diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, or malnutrition; & for those simultaneously receiving other potentially neuropathic medications, such as stavudine. These patients should be given prophylactic pyridoxine (25-50 mq/d)DrugSide effectsManagementIsoniazidHepatitisMonitor AST/limit alcohol consumption/monitor for hepatitis symptoms/educate patient/ stop drug at first symptoms of hepatitis (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, flulike syndrome) Peripheral neuritisAdminister vitamin B6 Optic neuritisAdminister vitamin B6/stop drug SeizuresAdminister vitamin B6 | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) | [
"ethambutol"
] | 63,787 |
733d290e-53d3-41c7-9f2f-1060dc6f7f04 | All of the following belong to the steroid receptor superfamily EXCEPT: | Vitamin D3 receptor | Thyroid receptor | Retinoid receptor | Epinephrine receptor | 3d
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"epinephrine"
] | 63,797 |
11103210-467f-4030-87f2-5da3df79e02d | In carbamate poisoning all the following should be administered except : | Atropine | Aificial respiration | Gastric lavage | Oximes | 3d
| multi | D i.e. Oximes | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"atropine"
] | 63,807 |
fab9425c-ee7f-4eb1-98fb-65514efe22c2 | Progesterone of choice in emergency contraception is? | Norethisterone | Medroxyprogesterone | Oxytocin | Levonorgestrel | 3d
| single | Unprotected intercourse without regard to the time of the month carries an 8% incidence of pregnancy, an incidence that can be reduced to 2% by the use of emergency contraceptives within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse. 0.75 mg levonorgestrel are now approved for postcoital contraception and are available over the counter for women aged >17 years. Levonorgestrel is more effective and is associated with fewer side effects than the combination estrogen-progestin regimens. Basically the methods used interfere with the physiological events before implantation, for e.g. inhibition or delaying of ovulation or interference with postovulatory events necessary for implantation & longevity of the blastocyst. REF : gynecology book of shaw 17th | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam | [
"oxytocin"
] | 63,819 |
140058ea-8b99-4246-aa54-fc759156a3d2 | A young women with secondary amenorrhea and galactorrhea. MRI shows a tumour of < lOmm diameter in the pituitary fossa. Treatment is: | Hormonal therapy for withdrawal bleeding | Radiotherapy | Chemotherapy | Bromocriptine | 3d
| single | Answer is D (Bromocriptine): Secondary Amenorrhea and galactorrhea in a young women with evidence of microadenoma (tumor I Omm) in the pituitary fossa suggest a diagnosis of prolactinoma. Oral dopamine agonists (Dopamine or Cabergoline) are the treatment of choice for patients with prolactinomas. | Medicine | null | [
"bromocriptine"
] | 63,825 |
18748c0d-adcd-4ee5-9a14-a478ad3c9352 | Renin antagonist is | Losaan | Benazepril | Remikiren | Imidapril | 2c
| single | Direct renin antagonists are aliskiren, remikiren - could be used for HTN in the future- new drugs aliskiren- oral, remikiren- IV side effects- hypotension, hyperkalemia REF KD Tripathi 8th ed | Pharmacology | Kidney | [
"benazepril"
] | 63,831 |
c8950bea-1586-416c-bb5b-e7e07a856359 | Not an organophosphate: AFMC 12 | Diazinon | Endrin | Malathion | Parathion | 1b
| single | Ans. Endrin | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"malathion"
] | 63,833 |
c58768e0-a1ad-47af-97d2-12d40147876b | A known case of COPD with acute exacerbation of symptoms. On examination patient was conscious and ale, pulse was 110 beats/ min and bilateral wheeze present. All of the following are true in the management of the patient except: | I/V steroids | Inhalation with salbutamol | Permissible hypercapnia allowed | Non invasive ventilation is contraindicated | 3d
| multi | Management of COPD with acute exacerbation of symptoms Non-invasive ventilationwith tight-fitting face mask is used in the management of Type 2 Respiratory failure. E.g- Exacerbations of COPD. Supplemental oxygen- Abolishes this constriction, leading to improved ventilation/perfusion ratio. ?-? High flow oxygen isnottolerated as it leads to crusting, dryness and epistaxis. While continuous therapy is required for patients who show hypoxemia at rest, intermittent treatment during specific periods may be used for patients who demonstrate intermittent hypoxemia. Management according to severity of symptoms Grade A - Bronchodilators Grade B - LABA or LAMA - If fails - LABA + LAMA Grade C - LABA + LAMA + ICS Grade D - LABA + LAMA + ICS + Roflumilast, PDE -4 inhibition | Medicine | NEET Jan 2020 | [
"salbutamol"
] | 63,844 |
08f2c1f2-a92d-41d9-b639-0e0ff24cfb53 | All of the following cause myocardial depression, except | Halothane | Propofol | Etomidate | Ketamine | 2c
| multi | The hemodynamic stability seen with etomidate is caused by its lack of effect on the sympathetic nervous system and on the function of the baroreceptor. The minimal effect of etomidate on cardiovascular function sets it apa from other rapid-onset anesthetics. Etomidate has proven useful in patients with valvular or ischemic hea disease who are undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures and in patients with poor cardiac function. In patients receiving etomidate during induction of anesthesia, more hypeension and tachycardia occur after etomidate compared with propofol. The myocardial oxygen supply-to-demand ratio is well maintained. Myocardial contractility and cardiac output are usually unchanged. Etomidate lacks analgesic efficacy, however, and must be combined with an opiate to prevent hemodynamic peurbations during laryngoscopy and intubation. In the setting of hemorrhagic shock, etomidate has advantages for the induction of anesthesia. In contrast to other drugs, the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of etomidate were minimally altered in a pig model of hemorrhagic shock. Ref: Miller's anesthesia 8th edition Ref: Morgan & Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology 6e | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | [
"etomidate",
"ketamine",
"halothane",
"propofol"
] | 63,857 |
20c3a2b6-dfc9-45ea-bf2f-5d94bd7db4f9 | Drug of first line choice in pregnancy with epilepsy except : | Carbamazepine | Lamotrigine | Levitiracetam | Sodium valproate | 3d
| multi | Considering the risk of teratogenicity of all Anti epileptic drugs Lamotrigine Levetiracetam Carbamazepine is the drug of first line choice Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 273. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy | [
"valproate",
"lamotrigine",
"carbamazepine"
] | 63,869 |
b7fb5cd7-39e9-4f4d-b9be-f8e51ee548b7 | Which of following is a proton pump inhibitor ? | Magnesium carbonate | Ranitidine | Omeprazole | Sucralfate | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Omeprazole | Pharmacology | null | [
"ranitidine",
"omeprazole"
] | 63,886 |
13a738bf-8e15-4955-a8d0-732b29f34850 | Peliosis hepatis is caused by all except- | Analgesics | Anabolic steroids | OC pills | Danazol | 0a
| multi | Peliosis hepatitis is a rare condition in which there is primarily sinusoidal dilatation.
The liver contains blood-filled cystic spaces, either unlined or lined with sinusoidal endothelial cells.
Peliosis hepatitis is associated with many diseases including cancer, TB, AIDS or post-transplantation immunodeficiency. It is also associated with exposure to anabolic steroids and rarely, oral contraceptives and danazol | Pathology | null | [
"danazol"
] | 63,902 |
189a114c-1233-474c-87fd-1e5e5499865d | A 32-year-old woman is noted to be at 34 weeks of gestation. The uterine size is less than her weeks of gestation. An ultrasound is performed which reveals oligohydramnios with an AFI of 2.1 cm. Which of the following agent is responsible for this condition | Angiotensin conveing enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | Lithium exposure | Phenytoin (phenytoin) | Oral hypoglycemic agent | 0a
| single | Oligohydramnios is found with fetal exposure to ACE inhibitors. Neonatal renal failure may also be noted. Lithium is associated with Epstein anomaly (a fetal hea malformation); Dilantin is associated with a fetal hydantoin syndrome of intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, and facial defects. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Anatomy of the female genital tract | [
"dilantin",
"phenytoin"
] | 63,904 |
f003e65a-8873-4bc5-8fbf-aac46de83b48 | Which of the following anticancer drug causes nephrotoxicity as an adverse effect? | Imatinib | Irinotecan | Bleomycin | Cisplatin | 3d
| single | Cisplatin can result in three impoant adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Vomiting | Pharmacology | Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs | [
"imatinib",
"cisplatin"
] | 63,918 |
29c47415-73ac-41ef-ae28-e09f692fbcdc | which of the following is a SNRI | duloxetine | seraline | citalopram | ironiazid | 0a
| single | SNRI * IMPOANCE Dual antidepressant like TCA but better than TCA has it has no dryness of mouth, hypotension, sedation * MECHANISM Inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and dopamine * DRUGS VENLEFEXINE DESVENLEFEXINE DULOXETINE * USE Duloxetine===PAIN ASSOSIATED WITH DIABTIC NEUROPATHY and STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE Milnacipran===Fibromyalgia * SIDE EFFECTS DIASTOLIC HYPEENSION DELAYED ORGASM WITHDRAWL SYNDROME ON DISCONTINUATION, hence should not be abruptly stopped. To try slow tapering Ref. kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 955 | Psychiatry | Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry | [
"duloxetine",
"citalopram"
] | 63,934 |
0fe3cc40-3a3f-401b-90d2-f811071b45b2 | Chronic active hepatitis seen in - | Methyldopa | Oestrogen | Erythromycin | Tetracycline | 0a
| single | Important drugs causing chronic hepatitis → Isoniazid, Halothane, methydopa, oxyphenisatin. | Pathology | null | [
"methyldopa",
"tetracycline",
"erythromycin"
] | 63,962 |
4af8654f-207f-4fbf-a482-d57a962c7c21 | A 30-year-old G3P2 obese woman at 26 weeks' gestation with no significant past medical history states that diabetes runs in her family. Her other pregnancies were uncomplicated. The results of a 3-hour glucose tolerance test show the following glucose levels:* 0 (fasting): 90 mg/dL 1 hour: 195 mg/dL* 2 hours: 155 mg/dL 3 hours: 145 mg/dLAs a result, she is diagnosed with gestational diabetes. She is counselled to start diet modification and exercise to control her glycemic levels. 3 weeks after her diagnosis, she presents her values:* Fasting: 95 mg/dL 1 hr pp: 185 mg/dLWhat is the best management? | Continue diet modification | Start insulin | Repeat GTT | Start metformin | 1b
| single | Ans. is b, i.e. Start insulinRef. Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 285In the question patients GTT showedFasting =90mg/dL (upper limit =95mg/dL, i.e. normal)1 hour pp =195mg/dL (upper limit =180mg/dL, i.e. abnormal)2 hour pp =155mg/dL (upper limit = 155, i.e. normal)3 hour pp =145mg/dL (upper limit = 140, i.e. abnormal)Thus 2 values are abnormal, i.e. patient is a confirmed case of gestational diabetes.As indicated, she was put on diet modification for 3 weeks and after 3 weeks, herFasting value =95mg/dL2 hour postprandial =180mg/dLRemember: Metabolic goals of diabetes areFasting <=95mg/dL2hourPP <=120mg/dLIf these goals are not achieved by diet alone, insulin should be started. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical & Surgical Illness Complication Pregnancy | [
"metformin"
] | 63,969 |
656f8deb-e83b-464f-b113-1a96c6925335 | Bisacodyl is: | Bulk forming | Stool softner | Stimulant purgative | Osmotic purgative | 2c
| single | stimulant purgatives 1.diphenylmethane( bisacodyl,sodium picosulfate) 2. Anthraquinones(senna) 3.5HT4 antagonisr(prucalopride) 4.fixed oil(castor oil) ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION KD TRIPATHI PG NO .672 | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract | [
"bisacodyl"
] | 63,970 |
a9e6c20f-6150-4f5c-8264-c80b31c32210 | Which of the following drugs inhibit an enzyme in the prostaglandin synthesis ? | Aminocaproic acid | Aspirin | Aprotinin | Alteplase | 1b
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"alteplase"
] | 63,982 |
11071c51-663c-41f7-9dc7-b58fa483ad04 | Most common fixative used in electron microscopy - | Glutaraldehyde | Formalin | Picric acid | Absolute alcohol | 1b
| single | . Formalin | Pathology | null | [
"glutaraldehyde"
] | 63,985 |
882dd7e1-e64a-4921-a0ac-ad7402d5cc8e | Drug of choice for idiopathic intracranial hypeension | Acetazolamide | Glycerol | Mannitol | Dexamethasone | 0a
| single | Idiopathic intracranial hypeension is treated with acetazolamide. It should not be given in first trimester, in rest of the peroids it is safe. This condition worsens during pregnancy due to weight gain. Reference : Harrison20th edition pg 2334 | Medicine | C.N.S | [
"dexamethasone",
"mannitol",
"acetazolamide"
] | 63,993 |
e3c8258e-c4cf-452d-9318-325decf432be | A widely used drug that suppresses cellular immunity, inhibits prostaglandin and leukotrine synthesis and increases the catabolism of IgG antibody is: | Cyclophosphamide | Prednisone | Cyclosporine | Infliximab | 1b
| single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p828, 838) Glucocoicids are powerful immunosuppresants. These inhibit both celelular and humoral immunity by: Decreasing the recruitment of immune cells. Catabolism of immunoglobulins. | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"cyclophosphamide",
"cyclosporine",
"infliximab",
"prednisone"
] | 64,000 |
10ca3d78-8f20-4eae-95fd-550d46e9211a | Which of the following can reverse one or more smooth muscle effects of circulating histamine in humans? | Granisetron | Adrenaline | Ranitidine | Sumatriptan | 1b
| single | Adrenaline is a physiological antagonist of histamine. It reverses bronchoconstriction caused by histamine. Ranitidine is an H2 antagonist that decreases gastric acid secretion but has no effect on smooth muscles. | Pharmacology | null | [
"sumatriptan",
"ranitidine"
] | 64,007 |
2f71f7fb-a855-4cf0-a61f-f0afe52c8324 | Longest acting beta blokeris - | Nodalol | Esmolol | Carvedilol | Acebnolol | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nodalol o Nodalol is longest acting b-blocker.o Esmolol is shortest acting b-blocker.Remembero Nodalol is longest acting b-blocker:o Esmolol is shortest acting b-blockero Acebutolol possesses all activities i.e., cardioselectivity, partial agonist activity, membrane stabilizing activity and lipid insolubility.o Beta blockers approved for treatment of CHF : Carvedilol (most widely used), metaproloL bisoprolol.o Carvedilol is b1+ b2- a1 adrenoreceptor blocker with a: b blocking property of 1 : 9. It produces peripheral vasodilatation due to a-l blockade as well as calcium channel blockade (direct effect),o Atenolol, sotalol and nodalol are primarily excreted by kidney - should not be given in renal failure,o Sotalol, penbutoloi and pindolol have almost 100% bioavailibility.o Penbutoloi has maximum oral absorption,o Carvedilol has maximum plasma protein binding.o Celiprolol has minimum plasma protein binding. | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | [
"carvedilol",
"esmolol"
] | 64,017 |
b2d19410-0950-48e5-b140-b997008cd2c0 | The Antihypeensive which causes decreased Jibido and impotence is: | Atenolol | Enalapril | Prazosin | Diltiazem | 0a
| single | Atenolol | Pharmacology | null | [
"prazosin",
"atenolol",
"diltiazem",
"enalapril"
] | 64,027 |
3a452f76-6816-4807-b558-192290535d8f | Drug used for smoking cessation A/E- | Naltrexone | Bupropion | Buprenorphine | Methadone | 1b
| single | naltrexone produced several beneficial effects in the treatment of nicotine dependence. For the whole sample, naltrexone improved quit rates, increased time to first cigarette, reduced cigarettes smoked and smoking urge ratings, and lessened the amount of weight gained . In 1997, sustained-release bupropion was approved as the first non-nicotine medication for smoking cessation. The mechanism of action for this agent, originally marketed as an antidepressant, is thought to be due to its capacity to block neural reuptake of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, reducing cravings for nicotine and symptoms of withdrawal. Patients should initiate bupropion therapy 1 to 2 weeks before their quit date, staing with 150 mg once a day for 2 days, then increasing to 150 mg twice a day. The medication is staed before the quit date because steady-state therapeutic levels are reached after about 7 days of therapy. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 1209 | Medicine | Miscellaneous | [
"naltrexone",
"methadone",
"bupropion"
] | 64,037 |
d2994789-407e-4e7b-a860-b51e20561f0e | Drug causing cataract- | Amikacin | Dexamethasone | Chloramphenicol | Penicillin | 1b
| single | Ans. is ;b' i.e., Dexamethasone o Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) can cause cataract.Types of CataractCausesPosterior subcapsularMyotoic dystrophy, wilson's disease, DM, Atopic dermatitis, Down's syndrome, Corticosteroids, Busulfan, Chloroquine, Trauma, Ionizing radiation, Galactosemia, Senile cataract, Infrared/heat cataract (glass-blower's or glass worker).Anterior subcapsularWilson's disease, DM, Down's syndrome, Trauma, Electric shock, Anticholinesterase, Amiodarone, Senile cataract, Galactosemia.Anterior capsularVoissious ring (Blunt trauma), Gold, Chlorpramazine,NuclearCigarette smoking, Congenital rubella, Ichthyosis, Galactosemia, Senile cataract, DM.CorticalStickler syndrome, Senile cataract, DMAnterior capsular (Polar)Penetration of cornea (Penetrating injury, ophthalmia neonatorum), Congenital cataractPosterior capsular (Polar)Congenital cataract | Ophthalmology | Acquired Cataract | [
"amikacin",
"chloramphenicol",
"dexamethasone"
] | 64,044 |
5b3af4fa-a9eb-41bc-843c-733c9a81b476 | Regarding lamotrigine, which of the following is a TRUE statement ? | It is a dopaminergic agonist used in Parkinsonism | It acts by blocking NMDA type of glutamate receptors | It is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug | It suppresses tonic-clonic seizures but worsens absence seizures | 2c
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"lamotrigine"
] | 64,054 |
4bac37db-4ba3-4277-bba4-b4619011b723 | Osteoporosis is caused by all except - | Methotrexate | Glucocoicoids | Heparin | Estradiol | 3d
| multi | Medications causing osteoporosis are : * Aluminum (in antacids) * Anticoagulants (heparin) * Anticonvulsants * Aromatase inhibitors * Barbiturates * Cancer chemotherapeutic drugs * Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus * Depo-medroxyprogesterone (premenopausal contraception) * Glucocoicoids (>=5 mg/d prednisone or equivalent for >=3 months) * Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists and agonists * Lithium * Methotrexate * Proton pump inhibitors * Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors * Tamoxifen (premenopausal use) * Thiazolidinediones (such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) * Thyroid hormones (in excess) * Parenteral nutrition Reference : page 2490 Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 19th edition | Medicine | Endocrinology | [
"methotrexate"
] | 64,056 |
cb12bc02-a296-4af1-a69d-12055c5248f8 | Tranylcypromine (MAO Inhibitor) should be avoided with_____as it causes dangerous drug interaction: | Morphine | Amitriptyline | Alprazolam | Any of the above | 1b
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"morphine",
"alprazolam",
"amitriptyline"
] | 64,088 |
deefe742-9484-4dc1-9b87-4cf317029eae | Which of the following anti-arrhythmic drug decreases the action potential duration in Purkinje fibers? | Quinidine | Flecainide | Amiodarone | Lignocaine | 3d
| single | Ans. d (Lignocaine) (Ref. KDT pharmacology 6th/pg.513)# The most prominent cardiac action of lidocaine is suppression of automaticity in ectopic foci. Enhanced phase-4 depolarization in partially depolarized or stretched PFs, and after depolarizations are antagonized, but SA node automaticity is not depressed.# The rate of 0 phase depolarization and conduction velocity in A-V bundle or ventricles is not decreased. Lidocaine decreases APD in PF and ventricular muscle, but has practically no effect on APD and ERP of atrial fibres. Atrial reentry is not affected. However, it can suppress reentrant ventricular arrhythmias either by abolishing one-way block or by producing two way block.# Lidocaine is a blocker of inactivated Na+ channels more than that of open state.Vaughan-Williams CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGSIA# |Vmax at all heart rates and increases action potential duration# e.g., quinidine, procainamide, disopyramideIB# Little effect at slow rates on Vmax in normal tissue; | Vmax in partially depolarized ceils with fast response action potentials# Effects increased at faster rates# No change or | in action potential duration# e.g., lidocaine, phenytoin, tocainide, mexiletineIC# |Vmax at normal rates in normal tissue# Minimal effect on action potential duration,# e.g., flecainide, propafenone, moricizineClass II# |SA nodal automaticity, increase AV nodal refractoriness, and |AV nodal conduction velocity# Antisympathetic agents, e.g., propranolol and other ss-adrenergic blockersClass III# Agents that prolong action potential duration in tissue with fast-response action potentials# e.g., bretylium, amiodarone, sotalol, ibutilide, dofetilideClass IV# Calcium (slow) channel blocking agents# | conduction velocity and increase refractoriness in tissue with slow-response action potentials# e.g., verapamil, diltiazemDrugs that cannot be classified by this schema# Digitalis# Adenosine | Pharmacology | C.V.S | [
"amiodarone",
"flecainide",
"quinidine"
] | 64,107 |
949d9f01-b803-4b1d-8b27-49371948a746 | Which of the following do not crosses the blood brain barrier | Pralidoxime | Obidoxime | Diacetyl-monoxime | Physostigmine | 0a
| single | (Pralidoxime) (92, 83-KDT) (105-KDT 6th)Lipid soluble agents (physostigmine and organophosphates) have more marked muscarinic and CNS effects; stimulates ganglia but action on skeletal muscle is less prominentLipid insoluble agents (neostigmine and other quaternary ammonium compounds) produces more marked effect on the skeletal muscles (direct action on muscle end-plate cholinoceptors as well), stimulate ganglia, but muscarinic effects are less prominent. They do not penetrate CNS and have no central effects.Pralidoxime (quartenary nitrogen) it causes more marked reactivation of skeletal muscle. ChE than at autonomic sites and not at all in the CNS (does not penetrate)* Other oximes are obidoxime (more potent than pralidoxime) and diacetyl-monoxime (DAM). DAM lacks quaternary nitrogen and is lipophilic. | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | [
"pralidoxime",
"physostigmine"
] | 64,115 |
ab85ee6a-63db-4f36-891d-940f94b207a8 | All are useful in management of severe clostridium difficle-infection, except | Vancomycin oral | Neomycin enema | IV metronidazole | Tigecycline | 1b
| multi | Answer- B. Neomycin enemaOral voncomycin plus intravenous metronidazole is the treatment of choice for patients with severe und complicated clostrdium dilificle infection (CDI) | Medicine | null | [
"metronidazole",
"vancomycin"
] | 64,121 |
451016c3-3421-4c3e-ad7f-c8ae9c64605e | Which of the following is not used in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? | OC pills | Cyclical progesterones | Letrozole | Danazol | 3d
| single | Management of PCOS Irregular periods/Amenorrhea Rx Combined OC pills Progesterone only pills ( For 10 days - from 14th day/ mid cycle) Hirsutism Rx Anti Androgens OC pills containing progesterones with anti androgenic action Cosmetic Rx for hair : prevents depression. Infeility Rx Ovulation induction ( clomiphene, letrozole) Weight reduction Insulin sensitizers Metformin Inj Recombinant FSH Inj Gonadotropin | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | [
"danazol",
"letrozole"
] | 64,125 |
4f8f47d1-9203-4a11-8edb-8eb520937b46 | Which of the following is not associated with prolonged QT syndrome? | Romanowald syndrome | Jervell and Lange Neilsen syndrome | Encainide therapy | Lidocaine therapy | 3d
| single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Lidocaine therapy* The Long QT syndrome refers to specific congenital or acquired abnormalities of repolarization that result in prolongation of the QT interval.* The significance of the long QT syndrome is its association with the development of a specific type of ventricular tachycardia called Torsades de points or polymorphic ventricular tachycardiaQ.* This arrythmia is characterized by# A wide complex tachyarrythmia with QRS complexes of varying axis and morphology that appear to rotate around the iso electric baseline.Conditions associated with prolonged QT syndromeCongenital* Romanowald syndrome* Jervell and lange Nielse syndrome* T/T = b Blockers--Normal hearingSensorineural hearingAcquired* Antiarrythmic drugs# IA# IC# III---Quinidine, procainamide, DisopyramideEncainide, FlecainideSotatol, Amiodarone* TCA'S* Antibiotics (macrolides, cotrimoxazole)* Terfenadine (when combined with macrolides or antifungal)Metabolic* Hypokalemia* Hypocalcemia* HypomagnesemiaT/T of acquired prolonged QT syndrome* Atrial or ventricular overdrive pacing* Magnesium | Medicine | C.V.S. | [
"lidocaine"
] | 64,131 |
21e3aed5-7666-4fc2-9039-a4004ec4cca8 | A farmer visiting a orchard gets unconscious, excessive salivation, constricted pupils and fasciculation of muscles, treatment started with- | Atropine | Neostigmine | Physostigmine | Adrenaline | 0a
| single | The farmer in question is having organophosphate poisoning, for which atropine is the drug of choice. | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"atropine",
"physostigmine",
"neostigmine"
] | 64,137 |
3ffd467c-f43d-4e9d-8c77-369fe6b3ffcf | A 41-year-old woman with glaucoma is treated with acetazolamide. Several weeks later the woman has an aerial pH of 7.34, an aerial PCO2 of 29mmHg, and a plasma HCO3- of 15 mEq/L. Which of the following abnormalities has this women most likely developed? | Metabolic acidosis | Metabolic alkalosis | Mixed acidosis | Mixed alkalosis | 0a
| single | The laboratory results indicate that the aerial pH, aerial PCO2, and plasma HCO3- concentrations are all low. These changes clearly demonstrate metabolic acidosis, which occurs commonly when a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is administered. The carbonic anhydrase enzyme attached to the brush border of the tubular epithelial cells normally catalyzes the dissociation of carbonic acid into water and carbon dioxide. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase prevents the removal of bicarbonate ions from the tubular fluid, which initially increases urine pH. The result is heavy spillage of bicarbonate in the urine, which is the hallmark of type 2 A (renal tubular acidosis). However, once the plasma levels of bicarbonate have decreased sufficiently, the bicarbonaturia ceases and the plasma HCO3- levels stabilize at a lower than normal level. Consequently, the urine pH falls typically to 4.5-5.0. | Pharmacology | null | [
"acetazolamide"
] | 64,150 |
a43665e7-e6cc-4ef2-93e4-ddd2fa6f8554 | Drug having very narrow therapeutic range is: | Lithium | Sertraline | Roboxetine | Dothiepin | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"sertraline"
] | 64,153 |
02d0ce9b-5617-499a-b60e-def5510e4308 | Dose of digoxin is NOT altered in : | Old age | Hepatic disease | Renal disease | Hypercalcemia | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' Hepatic disease Make it clear once and for all that Digitalis is the parent compound. Digitalis is applied as a collective term for the whole group and has come to mean a cardiac glycoside.Digoxin and digitoxin are two of the many types of cardiac glycoside.Digoxin is a polar glycoside, and is excreted by kidney, does not undergo hepatic metabolism. So does need not be altered in hepatic disease.Digitoxin undergoes hepatic metabolism and its dose has to be altered in hepatic disease. | Pharmacology | C.V.S | [
"digoxin"
] | 64,164 |
733a578d-0b4a-426e-87a9-88b8160ce81a | Drug of choice for acute congestive glaucoma is - | 1-2 % pilocarpine | Timolol | Levobunanol | Atropine | 0a
| single | Pilocarpine eyedrops should be staed after the IOP is bit lowered by hyperosomtic agents. At higher pressureiris sphincter is ischaemic and unresponsive to pilocarpine. Initially 2 percent pilocarpine should be administered every 30 minutes for 1-2 hours and then 6 hourly. Ref AK KHURANA 4TH EDITION PAGE NO 229 | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma | [
"pilocarpine",
"atropine",
"timolol"
] | 64,191 |
5f82d64c-2435-4f27-bdff-cf429cfd1cb7 | Drug of choice in depression in old person is - | Fluoxetine | Buspirone | Amitryptyline | Imipramine | 0a
| single | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) like fluoxetine have very little anticholinergic side effects and hence, are generally safer drugs to use in elderly patients with cardiac disease or BPH. | Psychiatry | null | [
"fluoxetine",
"imipramine"
] | 64,192 |
37dc6cb5-3751-4cad-b050-55186fd90b40 | A thiy five year old female has proximal weakness of muscles, ptosis and easy fatigability. The most sensitive test to suggest the diagnosis is: | Muscle Biopsy | CPK levels | Edrophonium test | EMG | 2c
| single | Answer is C (Edrophonium test): Edrophonium test is the most sensitive test to suggest the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis amongst the options provided. Proximal weakness of muscles, ptosis and easy fatigability suggests a diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis. Edrophonium (Tensilon) test is a highly sensitive test with 85% sensitivity in ocular and 95% sensitivity in systemic myasthenia. The diagnosis of MG is highly probable if Edrophonium test is unequivocally positive. Note Conventional (EMG) is not a sensitive diagnostic test for MG. The conventional needle EMG is usually normal in patients with MG although ceain findings may indicate probability of MG. Conventional EMG evaluation in MG serves mostly in excluding other causes of weakness like motor neuron disease, neuropathy or myopathy | Medicine | null | [
"edrophonium"
] | 64,193 |
ab513ae5-1567-42ef-9279-320653007c8c | A 28-year-old male complains of glare in both eyes. The cornea shows whorl-like opacities of the epithelium. He also gave a history of long-term treatment with amiodarone. The most likely diagnosis is – | Terrain's marginal degeneration | Cornea verticillata | Band shaped keratophathy | Arcus juvenalis | 1b
| multi | Whorl like corneal opacities in corneal epithelium, in a patient on amiodarone, suggests the diagnosis of corneal verticillata. | Ophthalmology | null | [
"amiodarone"
] | 64,197 |
cd9b3666-9c9b-4afc-9ebc-cdb811984a02 | The production of cervical mucus is stimulated by: | Progesterone | Estradiol | Estriol | Pregnenolone | 1b
| single | Thin copious cervical mucus in the mid cycle is indication of ovulation and is maximum on the 14th day of cycle. Intercourse in this time is more likely to result in a pregnancy as the sperms have easier access to the tube as the cervical mucus is thin which is facultative for easy sperm travel to the uterus. The first half of the menstrual cycle is characterised by increased estradiol levels and an increased amount of cervical mucous. Estradiol also makes it more thin and watery to allow sperm penetration. in the second half of menstrual cycle, which is progesterone dominant, cervical mucous becomes scanty, thick and opaque. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception | [
"estriol"
] | 64,204 |
39fa80c4-dfad-4c6a-b2f8-849e313bc796 | Chemotherapeutic Agent of Choice for the treatment of CML is: | Imatinib | Vincristine | Cyclophosphamide | Methotrexate | 0a
| single | Answer is A (Imatinib): Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (Imatinib) are the chemotherapeutic agents for choice in the management of CML. Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors target the 'constitutively active tyrosine kinase' implicated in the pathogenesis of CML. Although they do not cure the disease, these agents are able to achieve long term control of CML in the majority of patients. Most recent texts (Including Harrisons) recommend Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (Imatinib) as the initial treatment of choice for newly diagnosed CML reserving Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) for those who develop Imatinib Resistance. | Medicine | null | [
"cyclophosphamide",
"imatinib",
"vincristine",
"methotrexate"
] | 64,205 |
ac11e5d1-75c3-4145-b516-81dac0221ecb | Which one has least mineralocorticoid activity ? | Cortisol | Prednisolone | Fludrocortisone | Methyl prednisolone | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"prednisolone",
"fludrocortisone"
] | 64,208 |
53ebb4ff-6c50-4412-a35f-4be65822d3f7 | Which of the following is long acting sympathomimetics used in bronchial asthma ? | Salbutamol | Terbutaline | Bambuterol | Salmeterol | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"salmeterol",
"terbutaline",
"salbutamol"
] | 64,209 |
52fcf978-e5b8-4127-9b8d-0675d472a484 | Pink's disease is due to | Toxicity of silver | Toxicity of Mercury | Toxicity of Lead | Toxicity of Tetracycline | 1b
| single | null | Pathology | null | [
"tetracycline"
] | 64,211 |
0643ccf9-9c8d-4481-9ae1-99ebb6db6d13 | A 25 year old overweight female was given fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia for surgery. After surgery and extubation she was observed to have limited movement of the upper body and chest wall in the recovery room. She was conscious and ale but voluntary respiratory effo was limited. Her blood pressure and hea rate were normal. The likely diagnosis is: | Incomplete reversal of pancuronium | Pulmonary embolism | Fentanyl induced chest wall rigidity | Respiratory depression | 0a
| multi | Patient with limited movement of the upper body and chest wall and limited respiratory effo after receiving a long acting muscle relaxant pancuronium is showing features of incomplete reversal from the effects of muscle relaxant drug. Factors affecting rate of recovery of neuromuscular activity after reversal depend upon: 1. Intensity of block - greater the intensity of block at the time or reversal longer the recovery of neuromuscular activity. 2. Dose. 3. Choice of neuromuscular blocking agent - Overall recovery of intermediate acting agents (atracuium, vecuronium, mivacurium, rocuronium) following same dose of anticholinesterase is more rapid and more complete than after pancuronium. 4. Age - recovery occur more rapidly with smaller doses of anticholinesterases in infants and children than adults. 5. Drug interactions 6. Renal failure. Ref: Neonatal Formulary : Drug Use in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life By Edmund Hey, Nohern Neonatal Network, Page 102; Clinical Anesthesia By Paul G. Barash, Page 465; Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Procedures By Christopher King, Page 422 ; Clinical Anesthesia By Paul G. Barash, Page 524; Respiratory Disorders for Lawyers By Norman John, Page 114 | Anaesthesia | null | [
"pancuronium",
"fentanyl"
] | 64,216 |
7770e14c-81e6-4f5b-b11d-7acdb135134a | Pheochromocytoma predominantly secretes which hormone: September 2007 | Serotonin | Epinephrine | Nor-epinephrine | Dopamine | 2c
| single | Ans. C: Nor-epinephrine Relative catecholamine levels also differ in pheochromocytomas. Most pheochromocytomas secrete norepinephrine predominantly, whereas secretions from the normal adrenal medulla are composed of roughly 85% epinephrine. Familial pheochromocytomas are an exception because they secrete large amounts of epinephrine. Thus, the clinical manifestations of a familial pheochromocytoma differ from those of a sporadic pheochromocytoma. | Medicine | null | [
"epinephrine"
] | 64,217 |
813650d8-1ff7-4908-b157-1403e030f5e2 | A 40 years old patient with liver dysfunction is scheduled for a surgical procedure. Lorazepam can be used for pre-anaesthetic medication in this patient without concern for excessive CNS depression because the drug is: | Selective anxiolytic like buspirone | Conjugated directly | Reversible by administration of naloxone | Forming several active metabolites | 1b
| single | (Ref: Katzung 6/e p450) Lorazepam and oxazepam are the benzodiazepines which are excreted from the body by glucuronide conjugation without phase 1 metabolism in the liver. So these can be used safely in hepatic dysfunction. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"naloxone",
"lorazepam"
] | 64,219 |
d3c86792-1307-4098-b09e-ab86cb8710c0 | In anti retroviral therapy, Zidovudine should not be combined with : | Lamivudine | Nevirapine | Didanosine | Stavudine | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"lamivudine",
"stavudine",
"nevirapine",
"zidovudine"
] | 64,223 |
79a399b5-42be-4dee-a827-0c777746ec15 | Which of the following does not cause hyperprolactinemia: September 2007 | Levodopa | Bromocriptine | Chlordiazepoxide | Pituitary tumour | 1b
| single | Ans. B: Bromocriptine Bromocriptine is used in the management of hyperprolactinemia. Drugs that may cause hyperprolactinemia include the following: Dopamine-receptor antagonists (e.g., phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes, risperidone, metoclopramide, sulpiride, pimozide) Dopamine-depleting agents (e.g., methyldopa, reserpine) Isoniazid anazol Tricyclic antidepressants Monoamine antihypeensives Verapamil Estrogens Antiandrogens Cyproheptadine Opiates H2-blockers (cimetidine) | Pharmacology | null | [
"chlordiazepoxide",
"bromocriptine",
"levodopa"
] | 64,229 |
e2e3bebf-614c-41b5-a434-0c382936ae64 | Which of the following drugs act through heptahelical (serpentine) receptors ? | Insulin | Estrogen | Local anaesthetics | Salbutamol | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"salbutamol"
] | 64,230 |
a88cf6e2-d7e1-4510-bb50-6a259fb5d3e7 | The most serious complication of clomiphene therapy for induction of ovulation is : | Bone marrow depression | Hyperstimulation syndrome | Secondary amenorrhea | Multiple pregnancy | 1b
| single | Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is the most dreaded complication of Clomiphene (discussed in detail in chapter 9 on infertility). | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"clomiphene"
] | 64,238 |
dcf167e8-dd71-4379-ba4f-8865725871be | Which among the following topical agent used in burns can cause acidosis | Silver sulfadiazine | Mafenide acetate | Silver Nitrate | Povidone Iodine | 1b
| single | Mafenide cause acidosis, by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase. | Surgery | null | [
"povidone"
] | 64,246 |
59cc9467-e05b-48d0-8b9b-e131c736963d | Best local anaesthetic for ophthalmic surgery is | Tetracaine | Prilocaine | Procaine | Bupivacaine | 3d
| single | The choice of local anaesthetic for ocular surgery variesBut lidocaine (2%) and bupivacaine (0.5-0.75%) are used most commonlyGenerally the use of 1:1 mixture of 2% lidocaine (Xylocaine) and 0.50% bupivacaine along with adrenaline and hyaluronidase in facial, retrobulbar and peribulbar blocks is common(Refer: stoelting's pharmacology and physiology in anaesthetic practice, 5th edition, pg no.294) | Anaesthesia | All India exam | [
"procaine",
"bupivacaine"
] | 64,270 |
227036ac-0b6c-4fdc-922d-ce95fdb0dd24 | Which is of the following is used in investigating a parathyroid pathology? | CT scan | Gallium scan | Thallium scan | T.C thallium subtraction scan | 3d
| multi | Gallium scan is used for tumors. Thallium scan is used to study myocardial perfusion. | Radiology | null | [
"gallium"
] | 64,282 |
5cce7626-4d1f-4633-915c-3956db83a24a | Not used in treatment protocol of hodgkin's lymphoma | VinCristine | Vinblastine | Bleomycin | doxorubicin | 0a
| single | Ref: Katzungy 14th ed. pg. 970; Harrison, 17th ed. pg. 699Preferred regimen for Hodgkins and Non-hodgkins lymphomaHodgkins lymphoma (ABVD)Non-hodgkin's lymphomaA: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)B: BleomycinV: VinblastinD: DacarbazineR: RituximabC: CyclophosphamideH: Hydroxdaunorubicin (doxorubicin)O: Oncovin (vincristine)P: Prednisolone | Pharmacology | Anti-Cancer | [
"vincristine",
"adriamycin"
] | 64,295 |
2c862625-d67b-497b-a114-e4e34eb4e905 | Beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent that should be avoided in patients with renal failure is ? | Atenolol | Metoprolol | Propranolol | Esmolol | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atenolol | Pharmacology | null | [
"propranolol",
"atenolol",
"metoprolol",
"esmolol"
] | 64,301 |
436a1a7a-a49d-4ddf-bbbe-a6ce0bfd1567 | Food reduces the oral bioavailability of the following angiotensin conveing enzyme inhibitors Except | Enalapril | Captopril | Ramipril | Fosinopril | 0a
| multi | All mentioned options are ACE inhibitors but Enalapril is marketed as an injectable preparation and not used as an oral preparation. It offers ceain advantages, as it is more potent, absorption not affected by food and has longer duration of action. (REF. Essentials of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 6 Edition, page no - 485) | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"captopril",
"ramipril",
"enalapril"
] | 64,327 |
5d4ba5fe-1be5-447c-8270-2cf8678c4f82 | For treatment of extended drug resistance which of the following drugs are used EXCEPT? | Rifampicin | INH | Moxifloxacin | Capreomycin | 0a
| multi | Ans. is 'A' RifampicinMDR-TB is defined as resistance to at least both INH and rifampicin. Previously it was classified as Category IV under DOTS (DOTS-PLUS).The treatment is given in two phases, the intestive phase (IP) and the continuation phase (CP). The total duration of treatment for regimen for MDR-TB is 24-27 months, depending on the IP durationRegimen is :-Intensive phase (6-12 months) : Seven drugs : Capreomycin, PAS, moxifloxacin, high dose INH, clofazimine, Linezolid, amoxyclay.Continuation phase (18 months) : Six drugs : PAS, moxifloxacin, high dose INH, clofazimine, linezolid, amoxyclay. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | [
"moxifloxacin"
] | 64,333 |
a05ef6ce-c1d1-44a7-a9c7-4b30f993628b | A schizophrenic patient has no interest in social contacts or vocational rehabilitation. His affect is flat, and he speaks very little and spends most of his day sitting in front of the TV, unwashed and unshaven. He has some chronic, delusions of persecution, but these do not impact his functioning as much as the previous symptom. Which of the following anti psychotics. Would-tie most appropriate to use in treating this patient? | Molindone | Haloperidol decanoate | Chlorpromazine | Olanzapine | 3d
| single | The schizophrenic patient in the question manifests a prevalence of negative symptoms (flat affect, abulia, lack of motivation). Two antipsychotic medications have been proved to be effective for negative symptoms: clozapine and olanzapine. However, due to clozapine's high risk for agranulocytosis, its use is limited to refractory cases of schizophrenia, severe tardive dyskinesia, and psychotic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. | Unknown | null | [
"chlorpromazine",
"olanzapine"
] | 64,336 |
1e97effc-78e6-49e7-aa9e-55ea03ac132b | Fastest acting drug on the lepra bacilli is : | Rifampicin | Dapsone | Kanamycin | Clofazimine | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"clofazimine",
"dapsone"
] | 64,365 |
f4209cdf-80cc-4cf4-9547-c6d228ad8db8 | In patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | ABL gene on Chr. 22 is trans-located to BCR gene on Chr.9 | The fusion gene bcr-abl forms a protein with tyrosine kinase activity | Splenomegaly is unusual | Philadelphia chromosome positive patients respond poorly to Imatinib | 1b
| single | Ans. (b) The fusion gene bcr-abl forms a protein with tyrosine kinase activity(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 616-618)a. FALSE, as ABL gene is on chr9q while BCR is on chr22qb. The fusion gene bcr-abl forms a protein with tyrosine kinase activity: TRUEc. FALSE; Massive splenomegaly is a feature of CMLd. FALSE; as response to Imatinib is good in patients with Philadelphia chromosome +ve | Pathology | Misc. (W.B.C) | [
"imatinib"
] | 64,378 |
8d9454d0-cfda-4bb3-81f4-0922d4f3e050 | The following statements regarding streptokinase are true, except: | It is a protein produced by streptococci. | Its complex with plasminogen is inhibited by aIpha2-anti plasmin. | It may rarely produce anaphylaxis | It is initially given as a loading dose. | 1b
| multi | Streptokinase is a 47-kDa protein produced by beta-hemolytic streptococci. It forms a stable complex with plasminogen, which is not inhibited by antiplasmih. A large loading dose is given intravenously to overcome antibodies that may be formed from prior streptococcal infections. Being a foreign protein it may rarely cause anaphylaxis. | Surgery | null | [
"streptokinase"
] | 64,409 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.