Smxldo/wiki-stem-filtered · Datasets at Hugging Face

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2,048	A review of systems (ROS), also called a systems enquiry or systems review, is a technique used by healthcare providers for eliciting a medical history from a patient. It is often structured as a component of an admission note covering the organ systems, with a focus upon the subjective symptoms perceived by the patient (as opposed to the objective signs perceived by the clinician). Along with the physical examination, it can be particularly useful in identifying conditions that do not have precise diagnostic tests	Review of systems	15,005
2,054	Sclerosis (from Greek σκληρός sklērós, "hard") is the stiffening of a tissue or anatomical feature, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue. The structure may be said to have undergone sclerotic changes or display sclerotic lesions, which refers to the process of sclerosis. Common medical conditions whose pathology involves sclerosis include: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or motor neurone disease—a progressive, incurable, usually fatal disease of motor neurons	Sclerosis (medicine)	9
2,056	Screening, in medicine, is a strategy used to look for as-yet-unrecognised conditions or risk markers. This testing can be applied to individuals or to a whole population. The people tested may not exhibit any signs or symptoms of a disease, or they might exhibit only one or two symptoms, which by themselves do not indicate a definitive diagnosis	Screening (medicine)	9
2,067	Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE or skiffy, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, SUFE or souffy, coxa vara adolescentium) is a medical term referring to a fracture through the growth plate (physis), which results in slippage of the overlying end of the femur (metaphysis). Normally, the head of the femur, called the capital, should sit squarely on the femoral neck. Abnormal movement along the growth plate results in the slip	Slipped capital femoral epiphysis	0
2,068	Slips and capture is a type of error that may occur in high-stress situations. It has been described as a phenomenon in the psychology of human error, such that a person may inadvertently perform one action while intending to do another. The term "slips and capture" became more widely known in the early 21st century in the United States, after being referred to by law enforcement in two prominent fatal police shooting cases in 2009 and 2015	Slips and capture	15,041
2,073	Sopor is a condition of abnormally deep sleep or a stupor from which it is difficult to rouse a person. It involves a profound depression of consciousness, which is manifested by drowsiness, while maintaining coordinated defensive reactions to stimuli such as pain, harsh sound, and bright light, and preserving vital functions. Sopor may be caused by a drug; such drugs are deemed soporific	Sopor (sleep)	4
2,074	Speech-language pathology (or speech and language pathology) is a field of healthcare expertise practiced globally. Speech-language pathology (SLP) specializes in the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of communication disorders (speech and language impairments), cognitive-communication disorders, voice disorders, pragmatic disorders, social communication difficulties and swallowing disorder across the lifespan. It is an independent profession considered an "allied health profession" or allied health profession by professional bodies like the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and Speech Pathology Australia	Speech–language pathology	15,002
2,081	A subluxation is an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a subluxation is a "significant structural displacement", and is therefore always visible on static imaging studies, such as X-rays. By contrast, the pseudoscientific concept of a chiropractic "vertebral subluxation" may or may not be visible on x-rays	Subluxation	15,011
2,091	A systemic disease is one that affects a number of organs and tissues, or affects the body as a whole. Examples Mastocytosis, including mast cell activation syndrome and eosinophilic esophagitis Chronic fatigue syndrome Systemic vasculitis e. g	Systemic disease	15,005
2,113	The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests are a terrestrial ecoregion of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome in Southeastern Europe, according to both the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the European Environment Agency. It also is in the Palearctic realm. Geography The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests compose the montane forest region of the Dinaric Alps	Dinaric Mountains mixed forests	15,125
2,136	The Zasavica (Serbian Cyrillic: Засавица) is a bog in the region of Mačva, west central Serbia. It is a major wildlife refuge and one of the last authentically preserved wetlands in Serbia. In the 2000s it became a popular attraction with the successful reintroduction of beavers, which had become extinct on the same land areas 100 years before	Zasavica (bog)	4
2,138	Crkvine (Serbian Cyrillic: Црквине, romanized: Church ground) is a Neolithic locality and an archaeological site in the village of Stubline in the municipality of Obrenovac, which is part of the City of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The Neolithic settlement is dated to the 5th millennium BC and was part of the Vinča culture. The research of the site began in 1962 and the locality was declared a cultural monument in 2014	Crkvine (Stubline)	15,006
2,144	Petar Pavlović (Požarevac, Serbia, 28 June 1864 – Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 5 August 1938) was a Serbian geologist, also a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, lecturer at the Grandes écoles and a long-time director of the Museum of Natural History, Belgrade. Biography Petar Pavlović was born in Požarevac to Colonel Stojko Pavlović and Jelena "Lena" Lunjevica, daughter of Nikola Lunjevica, the Serbian revolutionary leader. After graduating from Belgrade's Grandes écoles, he went abroad to pursue further studies in geology and palaeontology	Petar Pavlović (geologist)	4
2,179	The Alps conifer and mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in central Europe. It extends along the Alps mountains through portions of France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria, and Slovenia. The ecoregion extends from the lower slopes of the Alps to its peaks, which include Mont Blanc, at 4,809 m (15,778 ft) the highest peak in the Alps	Alps conifer and mixed forests	15,006
2,180	The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests are a terrestrial ecoregion of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome in Southeastern Europe, according to both the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the European Environment Agency. It also is in the Palearctic realm. Geography The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests compose the montane forest region of the Dinaric Alps	Dinaric Mountains mixed forests	15,125
2,201	The Instituto de Tecnologia Intuitiva e Bioarquitetura (English: Institute of Intuitive Technology and Bio-Architecture), or TIBÁ, is an eco-centre located in the coastal jungle of Brazil (Mata Atlântica), dedicated to demonstrating and teaching sustainable development and "barefoot" construction techniques. It was founded in 1987 by Rose and Johan van Lengen, author of the grassroots construction manual, The Barefoot Architect. The book has gained worldwide popularity with its advocacy of, and detailed instruction on, appropriate technology and natural building techniques for builders, architects, and students	Instituto de Tecnologia Intuitiva e Bioarquitetura	5
2,202	Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net	Vestergaard (company)	15,003
2,206	Alexander, also known as PhoneSat 2. 0 Beta or PhoneSat v2a is a technology demonstration satellite operated by NASA's Ames Research Center, which was launched in April 2013. Part of the PhoneSat programme, it was one of the first three PhoneSat spacecraft, and the first Phonesat-2	Alexander (satellite)	15,011
2,207	Autonomous Space Transport Robotic Operations (ASTRO), is an American technology demonstration satellite which was operated as part of the Orbital Express program. It was used to demonstrate autonomous servicing and refuelling operations in orbit, performing tests on the NEXTSat satellite which was launched with ASTRO for that purpose. Launched in March 2007, it was operated for four months, and then deactivated in orbit	ASTRO (satellite)	15,011
2,212	The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program is a series of spacecraft missions for testing technology and ideas put forward by universities and private companies. The program demonstrates various experimental devices and technology in space by providing flight opportunities. It is managed by the JAXA Research and Development Directorate	Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program	15,103
2,218	MS was a series of four Soviet satellites launched in 1962. Two different types of satellite, 1MS and 2MS were used, with two satellites of each type being launched. Three of the satellites were operated successfully, however one of the 1MS satellites was lost in a launch failure	MS (satellite)	9
2,220	The Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engineering Test Satellite (OICETS), also called Kirari, was an experimental satellite launched by JAXA to demonstrate interorbital communication between satellites through optical (laser) means. OICETS was originally slated for a launch on the second J-I launcher. Due to problems with that launcher, the launch had to be put on hold	OICETS	15,005
2,244	Construction 3D Printing (c3Dp) or 3D construction Printing (3DCP) refers to various technologies that use 3D printing as a core method to fabricate buildings or construction components. Alternative terms for this process include "additive construction. " "3D Concrete" refers to concrete extrusion technologies whereas Autonomous Robotic Construction System (ARCS), large-scale additive manufacturing (LSAM), or freeform construction (FC) refer to other sub-groups	Construction 3D printing	15,126
2,247	Cura is an open source slicing application for 3D printers. It was created by David Braam who was later employed by Ultimaker, a 3D printer manufacturing company, to maintain the software. Cura is available under LGPLv3 license	Cura (software)	4
2,248	DAT/EM Systems International is an Alaska-based company that develops digital photogrammetric mapping applications to extract and edit 3D vector terrain and object features from stereo imagery and point clouds. DAT/EM Systems International develops solutions for the photogrammetry, engineering & GIS industries. DAT/EM History In mid-1985, three Pacific Northwest photogrammetric firms combined resources to create DAT/EM Systems International based in Anchorage, Alaska	DAT/EM Systems International	15,003
2,251	In design for additive manufacturing (DFAM), there are both broad themes (which apply to many additive manufacturing processes) and optimizations specific to a particular AM process. Described here is DFM analysis for stereolithography, in which design for manufacturability (DFM) considerations are applied in designing a part (or assembly) to be manufactured by the stereolithography (SLA) process. In SLA, parts are built from a photocurable liquid resin that cures when exposed to a laser beam that scans across the surface of the resin (photopolymerization)	DFM analysis for stereolithography	15,127
2,252	Digital modeling and fabrication is a design and production process that combines 3D modeling or computing-aided design (CAD) with additive and subtractive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is also known as 3D printing, while subtractive manufacturing may also be referred to as machining, and many other technologies can be exploited to physically produce the designed objects. Modeling Digitally fabricated objects are created with a variety of CAD software packages, using both 2D vector drawing, and 3D modeling	Digital modeling and fabrication	15,126
2,260	Research on the health and safety hazards of 3D printing is new and in development due to the recent proliferation of 3D printing devices. In 2017, the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work has published a discussion paper on the processes and materials involved in 3D printing, potential implications of this technology for occupational safety and health and avenues for controlling potential hazards. Hazards Emissions Emissions from fused filament printers can include a large number of ultrafine particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)	Health and safety hazards of 3D printing	4
2,264	Materialise NV, headquartered in Leuven, Belgium, is a company in the 3D printing / additive manufacturing sector. History 1990s Materialise was founded in June 1990 by Wilfried Vancraen and his wife Hilde Ingelaere as a Rapid Prototyping service bureau. It was the first company of its kind in the Benelux region of Europe, through the acquisition of a single Stereolithography machine (the SLA 1)	Materialise NV	15,002
2,266	Microgravity bioprinting is the utilization of 3D bioprinting techniques under microgravity conditions to fabricate highly complex, functional tissue and organ structures. The zero gravity environment circumvents some of the current limitations of bioprinting on Earth including magnetic field disruption and biostructure retention during the printing process. Microgravity bioprinting is one of the initial steps to advancing in space exploration and colonization while furthering the possibilities of regenerative medicine	Microgravity bioprinting	0
2,267	The use of microstructures in 3D printing, where the thickness of each strut scale of tens of microns ranges from 0. 2mm to 0. 5mm, has the capabilities necessary to change the physical properties of objects (metamaterials) such as: elasticity, resistance, and hardness	Microstructures in 3D printing	15,006
2,279	Protolabs is a company that provides rapid manufacturing of low-volume 3D printed, CNC-machined, sheet metal, and injection-molded custom parts for prototyping and short-run production. Markets like medical devices, electronics, appliances, automotive and consumer products use these parts. Protolabs' headquarters and manufacturing facilities are located in Maple Plain, Minnesota	Protolabs	0
2,286	A slicer is toolpath generation software used in the majority of 3D printing processes for the conversion of a 3D object model to specific instructions for the printer. In particular, the conversion from a model in STL format to printer commands in g-code format in fused filament fabrication and other similar processes. The slicer first divides the object as a stack of flat layers, followed by describing these layers as linear movements of the 3D printer extruder, fixation laser or equivalent	Slicer (3D printing)	9
2,287	Sprout by HP (stylized as sprout) was a personal computer from HP Inc. announced on October 29, 2014 and released for sale on November 9, 2014. The system was conceived by Brad Short, a Distinguished Technologist at HP Inc	Sprout (computer)	15,126
2,293	TRI-D is a 3D printed metal rocket engine. Students from the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space at University of California, San Diego (SEDS at UC San Diego) built the metal rocket engine using a technique previously confined to NASA, using a GPI Prototype and Manufacturing Services printer via the Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) method. UCSD students were the first group in the world to 3D print a rocket engine of its size, other than NASA as of February 2014	TRI-D (rocket engine)	15,006
2,302	Applied Digital Data Systems (ADDS) was a supplier of video display computer terminals, founded in 1969 by Leeam Lowin and William J. Catacosinos. Lowin simultaneously founded Solid State Data Sciences (SSDS)	Applied Digital Data Systems	15,125
2,304	Architectural state is the collection of information in a computer system that defines the state of a program during execution. Architectural state includes main memory, architectural registers, and the program counter. Architectural state is defined by the instruction set architecture and can be manipulated by the programmer using instructions	Architectural state	15,126
2,315	BARK (Swedish: Binär Aritmetisk (Automatisk) Relä-Kalkylator, lit. 'Binary Arithmetic (Automatic) Relay Calculator') was an early electromechanical computer. BARK was built using standard telephone relays, implementing a 32-bit binary machine	BARK (computer)	15,006
2,324	Cache only memory architecture (COMA) is a computer memory organization for use in multiprocessors in which the local memories (typically DRAM) at each node are used as cache. This is in contrast to using the local memories as actual main memory, as in NUMA organizations. In NUMA, each address in the global address space is typically assigned a fixed home node	Cache-only memory architecture	15,126
2,329	cellular architecture is a type of computer architecture prominent in parallel computing. Cellular architectures are relatively new, with IBM's Cell microprocessor being the first one to reach the market. Cellular architecture takes multi-core architecture design to its logical conclusion, by giving the programmer the ability to run large numbers of concurrent threads within a single processor	Cellular architecture	15,126
2,330	The Center for Computational Innovations (CCI), (formerly the Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations) is a supercomputing center located at the Rensselaer Technology Park in Troy, New York. Motivation The center is the result of a $100 million collaboration between RPI, IBM, and New York State to further nanotechnology innovations. The center's main focus is on reducing the cost associated with the development of nanoscale materials and devices, such as used in the semiconductor industry	Center for Computational Innovations	15,127
2,332	The Ceres Workstation was a workstation computer built by Niklaus Wirth's group at ETH Zurich in 1987. The central processing unit (CPU) is a National Semiconductor NS32000, and the operating system, named Oberon System is written fully in the object-oriented programming language Oberon. It is an early example of an operating system using basic object-oriented principles and garbage collection on the system level and a document centered approach for the user interface (UI), as envisaged later with OpenDoc	Ceres (workstation)	15,005
2,348	Communications and networking riser (CNR) is a slot found on certain PC motherboards and used for specialized networking, audio, and telephony equipment. A motherboard manufacturer can choose to provide audio, networking, or modem functionality in any combination on a CNR card. CNR slots were once commonly found on Pentium III-class motherboards, but have since been phased out in favor of on-board or embedded components	Communications and networking riser	5
2,349	The Compaq Professional Workstation was a family of workstations produced by Compaq. Introduced in late October 1996, the first entry in the family featured single or dual Pentium Pro processors. Later entries featured Pentium IIs and IIIs; the XP1000 was the only non-x86 based entry, featuring a DEC Alpha processor	Compaq Professional Workstation	15,126
2,352	The Computer Research Corporation (CRC) was an early developer of minicomputers. It was founded on July 16, 1950. The founding owners of CRC were Floyd Steele, Donald Eckdahl, Hrant (Harold) Sarkinssian, Richard Sprague, and Irving S	Computer Research Corporation	15,126
2,356	Core Multiplexing Technology is a term that appeared in some BIOSes. Details A subset of traditional applications are often difficult to parallelize and make use of additional CPU hardware available on the platform, restraining applications to use only one CPU. Core Multiplexing Technology would allow for a process to be split into multiple threads at compilation time and execution time by the introduction of speculative multithreading	Core Multiplexing Technology	5
2,363	The Cray APP (Attached Parallel Processor) was a parallel computer sold by Cray Research from 1992 onwards. It was based on the Intel i860 microprocessor and could be configured with up to 84 processors. The design was based on "computational nodes" of 12 processors interconnected by a shared bus, with multiple nodes connected to each other, memory and I/O nodes via an 8×8 crossbar switch	Cray APP	15,103
2,374	In computing, a cryptographic accelerator is a co-processor designed specifically to perform computationally intensive cryptographic operations, doing so far more efficiently than the general-purpose CPU. Because many servers' system loads consist mostly of cryptographic operations, this can greatly increase performance. Intel's AES-NI is by far the most common cryptographic accelerator in commodity hardware	Cryptographic accelerator	0
2,379	Data Storage Technology (DST) is a 19 mm (0. 75 in) wide magnetic tape data storage format created by Ampex in 1992. The DST format was also made by Ampex as a digital videotape format, DCT, using the same design of cassette	Data Storage Technology	5
2,380	A database machines or back end processor is a computer or special hardware that stores and retrieves data from a database. It is specially designed for database access and is tightly coupled to the main (front-end) computer(s) by a high-speed channel, whereas a database server is a general-purpose computer that holds a database and it's loosely coupled via a local area network to its clients. Database machines can retrieve large amount of data using hundreds to thousands of microprocessors with database software	Database machine	15,127
2,381	The DATAmatic 1000 is an obsolete computer system from Honeywell introduced in 1957. It uses vacuum tubes and crystal diodes for logic, and featured a unique magnetic tape format for storage. The CPU uses a 48-bit word (plus four check bits)	DATAmatic 1000	15,006
2,383	The Datatron is a family of decimal vacuum tube computers developed by ElectroData Corporation and first shipped in 1954. The Datatron was later marketed by Burroughs Corporation after Burroughs acquired ElectroData in 1956. The Burroughs models of this machine were still in use into the 1960s	Datatron	15,006
2,387	DevSlp or DevSleep (sometimes referred to as device sleep or SATA DEVSLP) is a feature in some SATA devices which allows them to go into a low power "device sleep" mode when sent the appropriate signal, which uses one or two orders of magnitude less power than a traditional idle (about 5 mW, but some drives can get as low as 2. 5 mW). The feature was introduced by SanDisk in a partnership with Intel	DevSlp	4
2,396	The DTX form factor is a variation of ATX specification designed especially for small form factor PCs (especially for HTPCs) with dimensions of 8 × 9. 6 inches (203 × 244 mm). An industry standard intended to enable interchangeability for systems similar to Shuttle's original "SFF" designs, AMD announced its development on January 10, 2007	DTX (form factor)	15,006
2,397	Dynamic video memory technology (DVMT) is an Intel technology allowing dynamic allocation of system memory for use as video memory, giving more resources for 2D/3D graphics. How it works The amount of video memory is dependent upon the amount of pre-allocated video memory plus DVMT allocation. DVMT, as its name implies, dynamically allocates system memory for use as video memory to ensure more available resources for 2D/3D graphics performance, e	Dynamic video memory technology	15,127
2,402	A salsabil (or salasabil), also known as a shadirwan, is a type of fountain which maximizes the surface area of the water. It is used for evaporative cooling of buildings, cooling and aeration of drinking water, and ornament (it has also been used to prevent eavesdropping). The water may flow in a thin sheet or thin streams, often over a wavy surface with many little waterfalls	Salsabil (fountain)	15,000
2,407	Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. Solid particles entrained by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans. Settling basins are ponds constructed for the purpose of removing entrained solids by sedimentation	Sedimentation (water treatment)	15,125
2,416	Slingshot is a water purification device created by inventor Dean Kamen. Powered by a Stirling engine running on a combustible fuel source, it claims to be able to produce drinking water from almost any source by means of vapor compression distillation, requires no filters, and can operate using cow dung as fuel. The name of the machine is a reference to the slingshot used by David to defeat Goliath	Slingshot (water vapor distillation system)	15,011
2,440	The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) is a national surveillance system maintained by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)	Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Reporting System	15,125
2,448	The annulus of an oil well or water well is any void between any piping, tubing or casing and the piping, tubing, or casing immediately surrounding it. It is named after the corresponding geometric concept. The presence of an annulus gives the ability to circulate fluid in the well, provided that excess drill cuttings have not accumulated in the annulus, preventing fluid movement and possibly sticking the pipe in the borehole	Annulus (well)	9
2,456	In hydrology, there are two similar but distinct definitions in use for the word drawdown: In subsurface hydrogeology, drawdown is the reduction in hydraulic head observed at a well in an aquifer, typically due to pumping a well as part of an aquifer test or well test. In surface water hydrology and civil engineering, drawdown refers to the lowering of the surface elevation of a body of water, the water table, the piezometric surface, or the water surface of a well, as a result of the withdrawal of water. In either case, drawdown is the change in hydraulic head or water level relative to the initial spatial and temporal conditions of the system	Drawdown (hydrology)	9
2,465	Multilevel Groundwater Monitoring Systems, also referred to as Multi-Depth Groundwater Monitoring Systems, Multilevel Systems (MLSs), or Engineered Nested Wells, are engineered technologies installed in single boreholes above and/or below the water table to obtain data from different depth intervals. The technologies may consist of various pipes, liners, access ports, sampling pumps, pressure sensors, and sealing mechanisms that are installed temporarily or permanently in boreholes drilled into unconsolidated sediments or bedrock. MLS systems facilitate 1) ongoing measurement and monitoring of depth-discrete water pressures (hydraulic heads) and 2) repeated collection of depth-discrete groundwater samples for chemical testing	Multilevel groundwater monitoring systems	15,125
2,487	Wellman (Croatian: Bunarman) is a Croatian documentary film directed by Branko Ištvančić. It was released in 2003. The title is a play on superhero names like Superman and Batman	Wellman (film)	4
2,493	A combat engineer (also called pioneer or sapper) is a type of soldier who performs military engineering tasks in support of land forces combat operations. Combat engineers perform a variety of military engineering, tunnel and mine warfare tasks, as well as construction and demolition duties in and out of combat zones. Combat engineers facilitate the mobility of friendly forces while impeding that of the enemy	Combat engineer	15,126
2,503	Richard "Aukcoo" Fowler (1948–2016) was an American wilderness guide, naturalist, and former U. S. Army Ranger based in Iquitos, a city in the Peruvian Amazon	Richard Fowler (naturalist)	15,002
2,528	Michael Harwood (1934, in Boston – 24 November 1989, in San Diego) was a naturalist, environmentalist, and author. Harwood received his secondary education from The Putney School in Vermont and graduated from Harvard University in 1956. He became the third husband of the author Mary B	Michael Harwood (author)	15,002
2,545	Stephen M. Katz (born August 11, 1953) is an American veterinarian, business owner and politician from Mohegan Lake, New York. He formerly served as a member of the New York State Assembly, representing the 94th Assembly District, including parts of Westchester and Putnam counties	Steve Katz (politician)	15,127
2,548	Charles Kellogg (October 2, 1868 – September 5, 1949) was an American vaudeville performer who imitated bird songs, and later a campaigner for the protection of the redwood forests of California. He was born on a ranch in Susanville, California and grew up in the 1870s observing the animals and birds of the forests and learning outdoor skills. He constructed a mobile home, called the "Travel Log", out of a redwood tree and drove it around the country to raise awareness of the plight of the California forests	Charles Kellogg (naturalist)	15,002
2,554	Donald M. Kerr (1946 – February 4, 2015) was an American wildlife biologist and conservationist. He founded the High Desert Museum in Bend, Oregon	Donald M. Kerr (conservationist)	15,125
2,559	Samuel Kneeland (1 August 1821, in Boston, Massachusetts – 27 September 1888, in Hamburg, Germany) was a naturalist of the United States. Biography He graduated from Harvard in 1840, and got a medical degree there in 1843. At Harvard, he received the Boylston Prize for his thesis on “Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever,” and again, in 1844, for his essay on “Hydrotherapy	Samuel Kneeland (naturalist)	15,002
2,608	Juan Daniel Mastretta Guzmán (born 1953, Puebla) is a Mexican engineer and designer. In 1987 he founded Mastretta Design, a design and automotive company. Mastretta was chiefly responsible for the development of the first Mexican sports car, the Mastretta MXT, in 2008	Daniel Mastretta	9
2,621	Automatic parking is an autonomous car-maneuvering system that moves a vehicle from a traffic lane into a parking spot to perform parallel, perpendicular, or angle parking. The automatic parking system aims to enhance the comfort and safety of driving in constrained environments where much attention and experience is required to steer the car. The parking maneuver is achieved by means of coordinated control of the steering angle and speed which takes into account the actual situation in the environment to ensure collision-free motion within the available space	Automatic parking	15,127
2,624	An electronic control unit (ECU), also known as an electronic control module (ECM), is an embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a car or other motor vehicle. Modern vehicles have many ECUs, and these can include some or all of the following: engine control module (ECM), powertrain control module (PCM), transmission control module (TCM), brake control module (BCM or EBCM), central control module (CCM), central timing module (CTM), general electronic module (GEM), body control module (BCM), and suspension control module (SCM). These ECUs together are sometimes referred to collectively as the car's computer though technically they are all separate computers, not a single one	Electronic control unit	15,005
2,629	In transportation, platooning or flocking is a method for driving a group of vehicles together. It is meant to increase the capacity of roads via an automated highway system. Platoons decrease the distances between cars or trucks using electronic, and possibly mechanical, coupling	Platoon (automobile)	15,006
2,635	Vehicle infrastructure integration (VII) is an initiative fostering research and application development for a series of technologies directly linking road vehicles to their physical surroundings, first and foremost in order to improve road safety. The technology draws on several disciplines, including transport engineering, electrical engineering, automotive engineering, and computer science. VII specifically covers road transport, although similar technologies are in place or under development for other modes of transport	Vehicle infrastructure integration	15,005
2,638	Automation in construction is the combination of methods, processes, and systems that allow for greater machine autonomy in construction activities. Construction automation may have multiple goals, including but not limited to, reducing jobsite injuries, decreasing activity completion times, and assisting with quality control and quality assurance. Some systems may be fielded as a direct response to increasing skilled labor shortages in some countries	Automation in construction	15,126
2,646	Intelligent Parking Assist System (IPAS), also known as Advanced Parking Guidance System (APGS) for Toyota models in the United States, is the first production automatic parking system developed by Toyota Motor Corporation in 1999 initially for the Japanese market hybrid Prius models and Lexus models. The technology assists drivers in parking their vehicle. On vehicles equipped with the IPAS, via an in-dash screen and button controls, the car can steer itself into a parking space with little input from the user	Intelligent Parking Assist System	15,127
2,651	Ultra (Urban Light Transit) is a personal rapid transit podcar system developed by the British engineering company Ultra Global PRT (formerly Advanced Transport Systems). The only public system opened at Heathrow Airport in London in May 2011. It consists of 21 vehicles operating on a 3	ULTra (rapid transit)	15,011
2,654	Biological engineering or bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products. Biological engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocatalysts, biomechanics, bioinformatics, separation and purification processes, bioreactor design, surface science, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and polymer science. It is used in the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, renewable energy, ecological engineering, agricultural engineering, process engineering and catalysis, and other areas that improve the living standards of societies	Biological engineering	5
2,655	Biomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e. g. , diagnostic or therapeutic)	Biomedical engineering	5
2,660	Bio-inspired computing, short for biologically inspired computing, is a field of study which seeks to solve computer science problems using models of biology. It relates to connectionism, social behavior, and emergence. Within computer science, bio-inspired computing relates to artificial intelligence and machine learning	Bio-inspired computing	5
2,661	Bio-inspired photonics or bio-inspired optical materials are the application of biomimicry (the use of natural models, systems, and elements for human innovations) to the field of photonics (the science and application of light generation, detection, and manipulation). This differs slightly from biophotonics which is the study and manipulation of light to observe its interactions with biology. One area that inspiration may be drawn from is structural color, which allows color to appear as a result of the detailed material structure	Bio-inspired photonics	0
2,662	Bio-inspired robotic locomotion is a fairly new subcategory of bio-inspired design. It is about learning concepts from nature and applying them to the design of real-world engineered systems. More specifically, this field is about making robots that are inspired by biological systems, including Biomimicry	Bio-inspired robotics	15,127
2,664	Biomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e. g. , diagnostic or therapeutic)	Biomedical engineering	5
2,665	The American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) is a non-profit organization founded in 1991, and headquartered in Washington. It represents 50,000 medical and biomedical engineers, and academic institutions, private industry, and professional engineering societies. College of Fellows Since AIMBE’s inception, over 2,000 individuals have been inducted to AIMBE’s College of Fellows	American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering	15,006
2,666	Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering is an academic journal published by Annual Reviews. In publication since 1999, this journal covers the significant developments in the broad field of biomedical engineering with an annual volume of review articles. It is edited by Martin L	Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering	15,127
2,667	Applied Spectral Imaging or ASI is a multinational biomedical company that develops and manufactures microscopy imaging and digital analysis tools for hospitals, service laboratories and research centers. The company provides cytogenetic, pathology, and research laboratories with bright-field, fluorescence and spectral imaging in clinical applications. Test slides can be scanned, captured, archived, reviewed on the screen, analyzed with computer-assisted algorithms, and reported	Applied Spectral Imaging	15,000
2,670	A Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering is a kind of bachelor's degree typically conferred after a four-year undergraduate course of study in biomedical engineering (BME). The degree itself is largely equivalent to a Bachelor of Science and many institutions conferring degrees in the fields of biomedical engineering and bioengineering do not append the field to the degree itself. Courses of study in BME are also extremely diverse as the field itself is relatively new and developing	Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering	5
2,671	Computational anatomy (CA) is a discipline within medical imaging focusing on the study of anatomical shape and form at the visible or gross anatomical scale of morphology. The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in anatomy, applied mathematics and pure mathematics, including medical imaging, neuroscience, physics, probability, and statistics. It focuses on the anatomical structures being imaged, rather than the medical imaging devices	Bayesian model of computational anatomy	15,127
2,672	Group actions are central to Riemannian geometry and defining orbits (control theory). The orbits of computational anatomy consist of anatomical shapes and medical images; the anatomical shapes are submanifolds of differential geometry consisting of points, curves, surfaces and subvolumes,. This generalized the ideas of the more familiar orbits of linear algebra which are linear vector spaces	Group actions in computational anatomy	15,006
2,673	Bio-MEMS is an abbreviation for biomedical (or biological) microelectromechanical systems. Bio-MEMS have considerable overlap, and is sometimes considered synonymous, with lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micro total analysis systems (μTAS). Bio-MEMS is typically more focused on mechanical parts and microfabrication technologies made suitable for biological applications	Bio-MEMS	15,005
2,675	BMES (the Biomedical Engineering Society) is the professional society for students, faculty, researcher and industry working in the broad area of biomedical engineering. BMES is the leading biomedical engineering society in the United States and was founded on February 1, 1968 "to promote the increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization. " There are 7,000 members in 2018	Biomedical Engineering Society	15,005
2,678	The Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society (CMBES) is a technical society representing the biomedical engineering community in Canada. CMBES is supported by its membership which consists of biomedical engineers, biomedical engineering technologists and students. CMBES also hosts an annual conference and regular webinars	Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society	5
2,680	The Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society (CSDS), founded on 5 October 1976 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by organ system physiologist and biomedical engineers, was a historic first in its mathematical and quantitative approach to cardiovascular mechanics. Organisation Currently the society includes investigators in muscle and vascular biology, subcellular and sarcomere dynamics, the microcirculation, cardiovascular biology, clinical disease, and modeling. The primary theme remains cardiovascular function, its physiologic and molecular mechanisms, with an aim to understand how these features integrate to achieve overall performance	Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society	15,005
2,682	Computational anatomy is an interdisciplinary field of biology focused on quantitative investigation and modelling of anatomical shapes variability. It involves the development and application of mathematical, statistical and data-analytical methods for modelling and simulation of biological structures. The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in anatomy, applied mathematics and pure mathematics, machine learning, computational mechanics, computational science, biological imaging, neuroscience, physics, probability, and statistics; it also has strong connections with fluid mechanics and geometric mechanics	Computational anatomy	15,127
2,684	Diffeomorphometry is the metric study of imagery, shape and form in the discipline of computational anatomy (CA) in medical imaging. The study of images in computational anatomy rely on high-dimensional diffeomorphism groups φ ∈ Diff V {\displaystyle \varphi \in \operatorname {Diff} _{V}} which generate orbits of the form I ≐ { φ ⋅ I ∣ φ ∈ Diff V } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {I}}\doteq \{\varphi \cdot I\mid \varphi \in \operatorname {Diff} _{V}\}} , in which images I ∈ I {\displaystyle I\in {\mathcal {I}}} can be dense scalar magnetic resonance or computed axial tomography images. For deformable shapes these are the collection of manifolds M ≐ { φ ⋅ M ∣ φ ∈ Diff V } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}\doteq \{\varphi \cdot M\mid \varphi \in \operatorname {Diff} _{V}\}} , points, curves and surfaces	Diffeomorphometry	9
2,685	Directed differentiation is a bioengineering methodology at the interface of stem cell biology, developmental biology and tissue engineering. It is essentially harnessing the potential of stem cells by constraining their differentiation in vitro toward a specific cell type or tissue of interest. Stem cells are by definition pluripotent, able to differentiate into several cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, etc	Directed differentiation	9
2,688	Elementary modes may be considered minimal realizable flow patterns through a biochemical network that can sustain a steady state. This means that elementary modes cannot be decomposed further into simpler pathways. All possible flows through a network can be constructed from linear combinations of the elementary modes	Elementary modes	15,005
2,696	An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue	Implant (medicine)	15,005
2,698	The International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) was initially formed as International Federation for Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering during the 2nd International Conference of Medical and Biological Engineering, in the UNESCO Building, Paris, France in 1959. It is primarily a federation of national and transnational organizations. These organizations represent national interests in medical and biological engineering	International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering	15,006

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A review of systems (ROS), also called a systems enquiry or systems review, is a technique used by healthcare providers for eliciting a medical history from a patient. It is often structured as a component of an admission note covering the organ systems, with a focus upon the subjective symptoms perceived by the patient (as opposed to the objective signs perceived by the clinician). Along with the physical examination, it can be particularly useful in identifying conditions that do not have precise diagnostic tests

Review of systems

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Sclerosis (from Greek σκληρός sklērós, "hard") is the stiffening of a tissue or anatomical feature, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue. The structure may be said to have undergone sclerotic changes or display sclerotic lesions, which refers to the process of sclerosis. Common medical conditions whose pathology involves sclerosis include: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or motor neurone disease—a progressive, incurable, usually fatal disease of motor neurons

Sclerosis (medicine)

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Screening, in medicine, is a strategy used to look for as-yet-unrecognised conditions or risk markers. This testing can be applied to individuals or to a whole population. The people tested may not exhibit any signs or symptoms of a disease, or they might exhibit only one or two symptoms, which by themselves do not indicate a definitive diagnosis

Screening (medicine)

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Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE or skiffy, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, SUFE or souffy, coxa vara adolescentium) is a medical term referring to a fracture through the growth plate (physis), which results in slippage of the overlying end of the femur (metaphysis). Normally, the head of the femur, called the capital, should sit squarely on the femoral neck. Abnormal movement along the growth plate results in the slip

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

0

2,068

Slips and capture is a type of error that may occur in high-stress situations. It has been described as a phenomenon in the psychology of human error, such that a person may inadvertently perform one action while intending to do another. The term "slips and capture" became more widely known in the early 21st century in the United States, after being referred to by law enforcement in two prominent fatal police shooting cases in 2009 and 2015

Slips and capture

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Sopor is a condition of abnormally deep sleep or a stupor from which it is difficult to rouse a person. It involves a profound depression of consciousness, which is manifested by drowsiness, while maintaining coordinated defensive reactions to stimuli such as pain, harsh sound, and bright light, and preserving vital functions. Sopor may be caused by a drug; such drugs are deemed soporific

Sopor (sleep)

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2,074

Speech-language pathology (or speech and language pathology) is a field of healthcare expertise practiced globally. Speech-language pathology (SLP) specializes in the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of communication disorders (speech and language impairments), cognitive-communication disorders, voice disorders, pragmatic disorders, social communication difficulties and swallowing disorder across the lifespan. It is an independent profession considered an "allied health profession" or allied health profession by professional bodies like the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and Speech Pathology Australia

Speech–language pathology

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2,081

A subluxation is an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a subluxation is a "significant structural displacement", and is therefore always visible on static imaging studies, such as X-rays. By contrast, the pseudoscientific concept of a chiropractic "vertebral subluxation" may or may not be visible on x-rays

Subluxation

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A systemic disease is one that affects a number of organs and tissues, or affects the body as a whole. Examples Mastocytosis, including mast cell activation syndrome and eosinophilic esophagitis Chronic fatigue syndrome Systemic vasculitis e. g

Systemic disease

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The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests are a terrestrial ecoregion of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome in Southeastern Europe, according to both the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the European Environment Agency. It also is in the Palearctic realm. Geography The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests compose the montane forest region of the Dinaric Alps

Dinaric Mountains mixed forests

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The Zasavica (Serbian Cyrillic: Засавица) is a bog in the region of Mačva, west central Serbia. It is a major wildlife refuge and one of the last authentically preserved wetlands in Serbia. In the 2000s it became a popular attraction with the successful reintroduction of beavers, which had become extinct on the same land areas 100 years before

Zasavica (bog)

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2,138

Crkvine (Serbian Cyrillic: Црквине, romanized: Church ground) is a Neolithic locality and an archaeological site in the village of Stubline in the municipality of Obrenovac, which is part of the City of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The Neolithic settlement is dated to the 5th millennium BC and was part of the Vinča culture. The research of the site began in 1962 and the locality was declared a cultural monument in 2014

Crkvine (Stubline)

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2,144

Petar Pavlović (Požarevac, Serbia, 28 June 1864 – Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 5 August 1938) was a Serbian geologist, also a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, lecturer at the Grandes écoles and a long-time director of the Museum of Natural History, Belgrade. Biography Petar Pavlović was born in Požarevac to Colonel Stojko Pavlović and Jelena "Lena" Lunjevica, daughter of Nikola Lunjevica, the Serbian revolutionary leader. After graduating from Belgrade's Grandes écoles, he went abroad to pursue further studies in geology and palaeontology

Petar Pavlović (geologist)

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2,179

The Alps conifer and mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in central Europe. It extends along the Alps mountains through portions of France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria, and Slovenia. The ecoregion extends from the lower slopes of the Alps to its peaks, which include Mont Blanc, at 4,809 m (15,778 ft) the highest peak in the Alps

Alps conifer and mixed forests

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The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests are a terrestrial ecoregion of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome in Southeastern Europe, according to both the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the European Environment Agency. It also is in the Palearctic realm. Geography The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests compose the montane forest region of the Dinaric Alps

Dinaric Mountains mixed forests

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2,201

The Instituto de Tecnologia Intuitiva e Bioarquitetura (English: Institute of Intuitive Technology and Bio-Architecture), or TIBÁ, is an eco-centre located in the coastal jungle of Brazil (Mata Atlântica), dedicated to demonstrating and teaching sustainable development and "barefoot" construction techniques. It was founded in 1987 by Rose and Johan van Lengen, author of the grassroots construction manual, The Barefoot Architect. The book has gained worldwide popularity with its advocacy of, and detailed instruction on, appropriate technology and natural building techniques for builders, architects, and students

Instituto de Tecnologia Intuitiva e Bioarquitetura

5

2,202

Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net

Vestergaard (company)

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Alexander, also known as PhoneSat 2. 0 Beta or PhoneSat v2a is a technology demonstration satellite operated by NASA's Ames Research Center, which was launched in April 2013. Part of the PhoneSat programme, it was one of the first three PhoneSat spacecraft, and the first Phonesat-2

Alexander (satellite)

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Autonomous Space Transport Robotic Operations (ASTRO), is an American technology demonstration satellite which was operated as part of the Orbital Express program. It was used to demonstrate autonomous servicing and refuelling operations in orbit, performing tests on the NEXTSat satellite which was launched with ASTRO for that purpose. Launched in March 2007, it was operated for four months, and then deactivated in orbit

ASTRO (satellite)

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The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program is a series of spacecraft missions for testing technology and ideas put forward by universities and private companies. The program demonstrates various experimental devices and technology in space by providing flight opportunities. It is managed by the JAXA Research and Development Directorate

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program

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2,218

MS was a series of four Soviet satellites launched in 1962. Two different types of satellite, 1MS and 2MS were used, with two satellites of each type being launched. Three of the satellites were operated successfully, however one of the 1MS satellites was lost in a launch failure

MS (satellite)

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2,220

The Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engineering Test Satellite (OICETS), also called Kirari, was an experimental satellite launched by JAXA to demonstrate interorbital communication between satellites through optical (laser) means. OICETS was originally slated for a launch on the second J-I launcher. Due to problems with that launcher, the launch had to be put on hold

OICETS

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2,244

Construction 3D Printing (c3Dp) or 3D construction Printing (3DCP) refers to various technologies that use 3D printing as a core method to fabricate buildings or construction components. Alternative terms for this process include "additive construction. " "3D Concrete" refers to concrete extrusion technologies whereas Autonomous Robotic Construction System (ARCS), large-scale additive manufacturing (LSAM), or freeform construction (FC) refer to other sub-groups

Construction 3D printing

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Cura is an open source slicing application for 3D printers. It was created by David Braam who was later employed by Ultimaker, a 3D printer manufacturing company, to maintain the software. Cura is available under LGPLv3 license

Cura (software)

4

2,248

DAT/EM Systems International is an Alaska-based company that develops digital photogrammetric mapping applications to extract and edit 3D vector terrain and object features from stereo imagery and point clouds. DAT/EM Systems International develops solutions for the photogrammetry, engineering & GIS industries. DAT/EM History In mid-1985, three Pacific Northwest photogrammetric firms combined resources to create DAT/EM Systems International based in Anchorage, Alaska

DAT/EM Systems International

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In design for additive manufacturing (DFAM), there are both broad themes (which apply to many additive manufacturing processes) and optimizations specific to a particular AM process. Described here is DFM analysis for stereolithography, in which design for manufacturability (DFM) considerations are applied in designing a part (or assembly) to be manufactured by the stereolithography (SLA) process. In SLA, parts are built from a photocurable liquid resin that cures when exposed to a laser beam that scans across the surface of the resin (photopolymerization)

DFM analysis for stereolithography

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2,252

Digital modeling and fabrication is a design and production process that combines 3D modeling or computing-aided design (CAD) with additive and subtractive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is also known as 3D printing, while subtractive manufacturing may also be referred to as machining, and many other technologies can be exploited to physically produce the designed objects. Modeling Digitally fabricated objects are created with a variety of CAD software packages, using both 2D vector drawing, and 3D modeling

Digital modeling and fabrication

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2,260

Research on the health and safety hazards of 3D printing is new and in development due to the recent proliferation of 3D printing devices. In 2017, the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work has published a discussion paper on the processes and materials involved in 3D printing, potential implications of this technology for occupational safety and health and avenues for controlling potential hazards. Hazards Emissions Emissions from fused filament printers can include a large number of ultrafine particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Health and safety hazards of 3D printing

4

2,264

Materialise NV, headquartered in Leuven, Belgium, is a company in the 3D printing / additive manufacturing sector. History 1990s Materialise was founded in June 1990 by Wilfried Vancraen and his wife Hilde Ingelaere as a Rapid Prototyping service bureau. It was the first company of its kind in the Benelux region of Europe, through the acquisition of a single Stereolithography machine (the SLA 1)

Materialise NV

15,002

2,266

Microgravity bioprinting is the utilization of 3D bioprinting techniques under microgravity conditions to fabricate highly complex, functional tissue and organ structures. The zero gravity environment circumvents some of the current limitations of bioprinting on Earth including magnetic field disruption and biostructure retention during the printing process. Microgravity bioprinting is one of the initial steps to advancing in space exploration and colonization while furthering the possibilities of regenerative medicine

Microgravity bioprinting

0

2,267

The use of microstructures in 3D printing, where the thickness of each strut scale of tens of microns ranges from 0. 2mm to 0. 5mm, has the capabilities necessary to change the physical properties of objects (metamaterials) such as: elasticity, resistance, and hardness

Microstructures in 3D printing

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2,279

Protolabs is a company that provides rapid manufacturing of low-volume 3D printed, CNC-machined, sheet metal, and injection-molded custom parts for prototyping and short-run production. Markets like medical devices, electronics, appliances, automotive and consumer products use these parts. Protolabs' headquarters and manufacturing facilities are located in Maple Plain, Minnesota

Protolabs

0

2,286

A slicer is toolpath generation software used in the majority of 3D printing processes for the conversion of a 3D object model to specific instructions for the printer. In particular, the conversion from a model in STL format to printer commands in g-code format in fused filament fabrication and other similar processes. The slicer first divides the object as a stack of flat layers, followed by describing these layers as linear movements of the 3D printer extruder, fixation laser or equivalent

Slicer (3D printing)

9

2,287

Sprout by HP (stylized as sprout) was a personal computer from HP Inc. announced on October 29, 2014 and released for sale on November 9, 2014. The system was conceived by Brad Short, a Distinguished Technologist at HP Inc

Sprout (computer)

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2,293

TRI-D is a 3D printed metal rocket engine. Students from the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space at University of California, San Diego (SEDS at UC San Diego) built the metal rocket engine using a technique previously confined to NASA, using a GPI Prototype and Manufacturing Services printer via the Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) method. UCSD students were the first group in the world to 3D print a rocket engine of its size, other than NASA as of February 2014

TRI-D (rocket engine)

15,006

2,302

Applied Digital Data Systems (ADDS) was a supplier of video display computer terminals, founded in 1969 by Leeam Lowin and William J. Catacosinos. Lowin simultaneously founded Solid State Data Sciences (SSDS)

Applied Digital Data Systems

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2,304

Architectural state is the collection of information in a computer system that defines the state of a program during execution. Architectural state includes main memory, architectural registers, and the program counter. Architectural state is defined by the instruction set architecture and can be manipulated by the programmer using instructions

Architectural state

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2,315

BARK (Swedish: Binär Aritmetisk (Automatisk) Relä-Kalkylator, lit. 'Binary Arithmetic (Automatic) Relay Calculator') was an early electromechanical computer. BARK was built using standard telephone relays, implementing a 32-bit binary machine

BARK (computer)

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2,324

Cache only memory architecture (COMA) is a computer memory organization for use in multiprocessors in which the local memories (typically DRAM) at each node are used as cache. This is in contrast to using the local memories as actual main memory, as in NUMA organizations. In NUMA, each address in the global address space is typically assigned a fixed home node

Cache-only memory architecture

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2,329

cellular architecture is a type of computer architecture prominent in parallel computing. Cellular architectures are relatively new, with IBM's Cell microprocessor being the first one to reach the market. Cellular architecture takes multi-core architecture design to its logical conclusion, by giving the programmer the ability to run large numbers of concurrent threads within a single processor

Cellular architecture

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The Center for Computational Innovations (CCI), (formerly the Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations) is a supercomputing center located at the Rensselaer Technology Park in Troy, New York. Motivation The center is the result of a $100 million collaboration between RPI, IBM, and New York State to further nanotechnology innovations. The center's main focus is on reducing the cost associated with the development of nanoscale materials and devices, such as used in the semiconductor industry

Center for Computational Innovations

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The Ceres Workstation was a workstation computer built by Niklaus Wirth's group at ETH Zurich in 1987. The central processing unit (CPU) is a National Semiconductor NS32000, and the operating system, named Oberon System is written fully in the object-oriented programming language Oberon. It is an early example of an operating system using basic object-oriented principles and garbage collection on the system level and a document centered approach for the user interface (UI), as envisaged later with OpenDoc

Ceres (workstation)

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2,348

Communications and networking riser (CNR) is a slot found on certain PC motherboards and used for specialized networking, audio, and telephony equipment. A motherboard manufacturer can choose to provide audio, networking, or modem functionality in any combination on a CNR card. CNR slots were once commonly found on Pentium III-class motherboards, but have since been phased out in favor of on-board or embedded components

Communications and networking riser

5

2,349

The Compaq Professional Workstation was a family of workstations produced by Compaq. Introduced in late October 1996, the first entry in the family featured single or dual Pentium Pro processors. Later entries featured Pentium IIs and IIIs; the XP1000 was the only non-x86 based entry, featuring a DEC Alpha processor

Compaq Professional Workstation

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The Computer Research Corporation (CRC) was an early developer of minicomputers. It was founded on July 16, 1950. The founding owners of CRC were Floyd Steele, Donald Eckdahl, Hrant (Harold) Sarkinssian, Richard Sprague, and Irving S

Computer Research Corporation

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Core Multiplexing Technology is a term that appeared in some BIOSes. Details A subset of traditional applications are often difficult to parallelize and make use of additional CPU hardware available on the platform, restraining applications to use only one CPU. Core Multiplexing Technology would allow for a process to be split into multiple threads at compilation time and execution time by the introduction of speculative multithreading

Core Multiplexing Technology

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The Cray APP (Attached Parallel Processor) was a parallel computer sold by Cray Research from 1992 onwards. It was based on the Intel i860 microprocessor and could be configured with up to 84 processors. The design was based on "computational nodes" of 12 processors interconnected by a shared bus, with multiple nodes connected to each other, memory and I/O nodes via an 8×8 crossbar switch

Cray APP

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In computing, a cryptographic accelerator is a co-processor designed specifically to perform computationally intensive cryptographic operations, doing so far more efficiently than the general-purpose CPU. Because many servers' system loads consist mostly of cryptographic operations, this can greatly increase performance. Intel's AES-NI is by far the most common cryptographic accelerator in commodity hardware

Cryptographic accelerator

0

2,379

Data Storage Technology (DST) is a 19 mm (0. 75 in) wide magnetic tape data storage format created by Ampex in 1992. The DST format was also made by Ampex as a digital videotape format, DCT, using the same design of cassette

Data Storage Technology

5

2,380

A database machines or back end processor is a computer or special hardware that stores and retrieves data from a database. It is specially designed for database access and is tightly coupled to the main (front-end) computer(s) by a high-speed channel, whereas a database server is a general-purpose computer that holds a database and it's loosely coupled via a local area network to its clients. Database machines can retrieve large amount of data using hundreds to thousands of microprocessors with database software

Database machine

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The DATAmatic 1000 is an obsolete computer system from Honeywell introduced in 1957. It uses vacuum tubes and crystal diodes for logic, and featured a unique magnetic tape format for storage. The CPU uses a 48-bit word (plus four check bits)

DATAmatic 1000

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2,383

The Datatron is a family of decimal vacuum tube computers developed by ElectroData Corporation and first shipped in 1954. The Datatron was later marketed by Burroughs Corporation after Burroughs acquired ElectroData in 1956. The Burroughs models of this machine were still in use into the 1960s

Datatron

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DevSlp or DevSleep (sometimes referred to as device sleep or SATA DEVSLP) is a feature in some SATA devices which allows them to go into a low power "device sleep" mode when sent the appropriate signal, which uses one or two orders of magnitude less power than a traditional idle (about 5 mW, but some drives can get as low as 2. 5 mW). The feature was introduced by SanDisk in a partnership with Intel

DevSlp

4

2,396

The DTX form factor is a variation of ATX specification designed especially for small form factor PCs (especially for HTPCs) with dimensions of 8 × 9. 6 inches (203 × 244 mm). An industry standard intended to enable interchangeability for systems similar to Shuttle's original "SFF" designs, AMD announced its development on January 10, 2007

DTX (form factor)

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Dynamic video memory technology (DVMT) is an Intel technology allowing dynamic allocation of system memory for use as video memory, giving more resources for 2D/3D graphics. How it works The amount of video memory is dependent upon the amount of pre-allocated video memory plus DVMT allocation. DVMT, as its name implies, dynamically allocates system memory for use as video memory to ensure more available resources for 2D/3D graphics performance, e

Dynamic video memory technology

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A salsabil (or salasabil), also known as a shadirwan, is a type of fountain which maximizes the surface area of the water. It is used for evaporative cooling of buildings, cooling and aeration of drinking water, and ornament (it has also been used to prevent eavesdropping). The water may flow in a thin sheet or thin streams, often over a wavy surface with many little waterfalls

Salsabil (fountain)

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Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. Solid particles entrained by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans. Settling basins are ponds constructed for the purpose of removing entrained solids by sedimentation

Sedimentation (water treatment)

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Slingshot is a water purification device created by inventor Dean Kamen. Powered by a Stirling engine running on a combustible fuel source, it claims to be able to produce drinking water from almost any source by means of vapor compression distillation, requires no filters, and can operate using cow dung as fuel. The name of the machine is a reference to the slingshot used by David to defeat Goliath

Slingshot (water vapor distillation system)

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2,440

The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) is a national surveillance system maintained by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Reporting System

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2,448

The annulus of an oil well or water well is any void between any piping, tubing or casing and the piping, tubing, or casing immediately surrounding it. It is named after the corresponding geometric concept. The presence of an annulus gives the ability to circulate fluid in the well, provided that excess drill cuttings have not accumulated in the annulus, preventing fluid movement and possibly sticking the pipe in the borehole

Annulus (well)

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2,456

In hydrology, there are two similar but distinct definitions in use for the word drawdown: In subsurface hydrogeology, drawdown is the reduction in hydraulic head observed at a well in an aquifer, typically due to pumping a well as part of an aquifer test or well test. In surface water hydrology and civil engineering, drawdown refers to the lowering of the surface elevation of a body of water, the water table, the piezometric surface, or the water surface of a well, as a result of the withdrawal of water. In either case, drawdown is the change in hydraulic head or water level relative to the initial spatial and temporal conditions of the system

Drawdown (hydrology)

9

2,465

Multilevel Groundwater Monitoring Systems, also referred to as Multi-Depth Groundwater Monitoring Systems, Multilevel Systems (MLSs), or Engineered Nested Wells, are engineered technologies installed in single boreholes above and/or below the water table to obtain data from different depth intervals. The technologies may consist of various pipes, liners, access ports, sampling pumps, pressure sensors, and sealing mechanisms that are installed temporarily or permanently in boreholes drilled into unconsolidated sediments or bedrock. MLS systems facilitate 1) ongoing measurement and monitoring of depth-discrete water pressures (hydraulic heads) and 2) repeated collection of depth-discrete groundwater samples for chemical testing

Multilevel groundwater monitoring systems

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Wellman (Croatian: Bunarman) is a Croatian documentary film directed by Branko Ištvančić. It was released in 2003. The title is a play on superhero names like Superman and Batman

Wellman (film)

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A combat engineer (also called pioneer or sapper) is a type of soldier who performs military engineering tasks in support of land forces combat operations. Combat engineers perform a variety of military engineering, tunnel and mine warfare tasks, as well as construction and demolition duties in and out of combat zones. Combat engineers facilitate the mobility of friendly forces while impeding that of the enemy

Combat engineer

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Richard "Aukcoo" Fowler (1948–2016) was an American wilderness guide, naturalist, and former U. S. Army Ranger based in Iquitos, a city in the Peruvian Amazon

Richard Fowler (naturalist)

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Michael Harwood (1934, in Boston – 24 November 1989, in San Diego) was a naturalist, environmentalist, and author. Harwood received his secondary education from The Putney School in Vermont and graduated from Harvard University in 1956. He became the third husband of the author Mary B

Michael Harwood (author)

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Stephen M. Katz (born August 11, 1953) is an American veterinarian, business owner and politician from Mohegan Lake, New York. He formerly served as a member of the New York State Assembly, representing the 94th Assembly District, including parts of Westchester and Putnam counties

Steve Katz (politician)

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Charles Kellogg (October 2, 1868 – September 5, 1949) was an American vaudeville performer who imitated bird songs, and later a campaigner for the protection of the redwood forests of California. He was born on a ranch in Susanville, California and grew up in the 1870s observing the animals and birds of the forests and learning outdoor skills. He constructed a mobile home, called the "Travel Log", out of a redwood tree and drove it around the country to raise awareness of the plight of the California forests

Charles Kellogg (naturalist)

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Donald M. Kerr (1946 – February 4, 2015) was an American wildlife biologist and conservationist. He founded the High Desert Museum in Bend, Oregon

Donald M. Kerr (conservationist)

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Samuel Kneeland (1 August 1821, in Boston, Massachusetts – 27 September 1888, in Hamburg, Germany) was a naturalist of the United States. Biography He graduated from Harvard in 1840, and got a medical degree there in 1843. At Harvard, he received the Boylston Prize for his thesis on “Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever,” and again, in 1844, for his essay on “Hydrotherapy

Samuel Kneeland (naturalist)

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Juan Daniel Mastretta Guzmán (born 1953, Puebla) is a Mexican engineer and designer. In 1987 he founded Mastretta Design, a design and automotive company. Mastretta was chiefly responsible for the development of the first Mexican sports car, the Mastretta MXT, in 2008

Daniel Mastretta

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Automatic parking is an autonomous car-maneuvering system that moves a vehicle from a traffic lane into a parking spot to perform parallel, perpendicular, or angle parking. The automatic parking system aims to enhance the comfort and safety of driving in constrained environments where much attention and experience is required to steer the car. The parking maneuver is achieved by means of coordinated control of the steering angle and speed which takes into account the actual situation in the environment to ensure collision-free motion within the available space

Automatic parking

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An electronic control unit (ECU), also known as an electronic control module (ECM), is an embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a car or other motor vehicle. Modern vehicles have many ECUs, and these can include some or all of the following: engine control module (ECM), powertrain control module (PCM), transmission control module (TCM), brake control module (BCM or EBCM), central control module (CCM), central timing module (CTM), general electronic module (GEM), body control module (BCM), and suspension control module (SCM). These ECUs together are sometimes referred to collectively as the car's computer though technically they are all separate computers, not a single one

Electronic control unit

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In transportation, platooning or flocking is a method for driving a group of vehicles together. It is meant to increase the capacity of roads via an automated highway system. Platoons decrease the distances between cars or trucks using electronic, and possibly mechanical, coupling

Platoon (automobile)

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Vehicle infrastructure integration (VII) is an initiative fostering research and application development for a series of technologies directly linking road vehicles to their physical surroundings, first and foremost in order to improve road safety. The technology draws on several disciplines, including transport engineering, electrical engineering, automotive engineering, and computer science. VII specifically covers road transport, although similar technologies are in place or under development for other modes of transport

Vehicle infrastructure integration

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Automation in construction is the combination of methods, processes, and systems that allow for greater machine autonomy in construction activities. Construction automation may have multiple goals, including but not limited to, reducing jobsite injuries, decreasing activity completion times, and assisting with quality control and quality assurance. Some systems may be fielded as a direct response to increasing skilled labor shortages in some countries

Automation in construction

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Intelligent Parking Assist System (IPAS), also known as Advanced Parking Guidance System (APGS) for Toyota models in the United States, is the first production automatic parking system developed by Toyota Motor Corporation in 1999 initially for the Japanese market hybrid Prius models and Lexus models. The technology assists drivers in parking their vehicle. On vehicles equipped with the IPAS, via an in-dash screen and button controls, the car can steer itself into a parking space with little input from the user

Intelligent Parking Assist System

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Ultra (Urban Light Transit) is a personal rapid transit podcar system developed by the British engineering company Ultra Global PRT (formerly Advanced Transport Systems). The only public system opened at Heathrow Airport in London in May 2011. It consists of 21 vehicles operating on a 3

ULTra (rapid transit)

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Biological engineering or bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products. Biological engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocatalysts, biomechanics, bioinformatics, separation and purification processes, bioreactor design, surface science, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and polymer science. It is used in the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, renewable energy, ecological engineering, agricultural engineering, process engineering and catalysis, and other areas that improve the living standards of societies

Biological engineering

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Biomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e. g. , diagnostic or therapeutic)

Biomedical engineering

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Bio-inspired computing, short for biologically inspired computing, is a field of study which seeks to solve computer science problems using models of biology. It relates to connectionism, social behavior, and emergence. Within computer science, bio-inspired computing relates to artificial intelligence and machine learning

Bio-inspired computing

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Bio-inspired photonics or bio-inspired optical materials are the application of biomimicry (the use of natural models, systems, and elements for human innovations) to the field of photonics (the science and application of light generation, detection, and manipulation). This differs slightly from biophotonics which is the study and manipulation of light to observe its interactions with biology. One area that inspiration may be drawn from is structural color, which allows color to appear as a result of the detailed material structure

Bio-inspired photonics

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Bio-inspired robotic locomotion is a fairly new subcategory of bio-inspired design. It is about learning concepts from nature and applying them to the design of real-world engineered systems. More specifically, this field is about making robots that are inspired by biological systems, including Biomimicry

Bio-inspired robotics

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Biomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e. g. , diagnostic or therapeutic)

Biomedical engineering

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The American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) is a non-profit organization founded in 1991, and headquartered in Washington. It represents 50,000 medical and biomedical engineers, and academic institutions, private industry, and professional engineering societies. College of Fellows Since AIMBE’s inception, over 2,000 individuals have been inducted to AIMBE’s College of Fellows

American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering

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Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering is an academic journal published by Annual Reviews. In publication since 1999, this journal covers the significant developments in the broad field of biomedical engineering with an annual volume of review articles. It is edited by Martin L

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

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Applied Spectral Imaging or ASI is a multinational biomedical company that develops and manufactures microscopy imaging and digital analysis tools for hospitals, service laboratories and research centers. The company provides cytogenetic, pathology, and research laboratories with bright-field, fluorescence and spectral imaging in clinical applications. Test slides can be scanned, captured, archived, reviewed on the screen, analyzed with computer-assisted algorithms, and reported

Applied Spectral Imaging

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A Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering is a kind of bachelor's degree typically conferred after a four-year undergraduate course of study in biomedical engineering (BME). The degree itself is largely equivalent to a Bachelor of Science and many institutions conferring degrees in the fields of biomedical engineering and bioengineering do not append the field to the degree itself. Courses of study in BME are also extremely diverse as the field itself is relatively new and developing

Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering

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Computational anatomy (CA) is a discipline within medical imaging focusing on the study of anatomical shape and form at the visible or gross anatomical scale of morphology. The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in anatomy, applied mathematics and pure mathematics, including medical imaging, neuroscience, physics, probability, and statistics. It focuses on the anatomical structures being imaged, rather than the medical imaging devices

Bayesian model of computational anatomy

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Group actions are central to Riemannian geometry and defining orbits (control theory). The orbits of computational anatomy consist of anatomical shapes and medical images; the anatomical shapes are submanifolds of differential geometry consisting of points, curves, surfaces and subvolumes,. This generalized the ideas of the more familiar orbits of linear algebra which are linear vector spaces

Group actions in computational anatomy

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Bio-MEMS is an abbreviation for biomedical (or biological) microelectromechanical systems. Bio-MEMS have considerable overlap, and is sometimes considered synonymous, with lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micro total analysis systems (μTAS). Bio-MEMS is typically more focused on mechanical parts and microfabrication technologies made suitable for biological applications

Bio-MEMS

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BMES (the Biomedical Engineering Society) is the professional society for students, faculty, researcher and industry working in the broad area of biomedical engineering. BMES is the leading biomedical engineering society in the United States and was founded on February 1, 1968 "to promote the increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization. " There are 7,000 members in 2018

Biomedical Engineering Society

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The Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society (CMBES) is a technical society representing the biomedical engineering community in Canada. CMBES is supported by its membership which consists of biomedical engineers, biomedical engineering technologists and students. CMBES also hosts an annual conference and regular webinars

Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society

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2,680

The Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society (CSDS), founded on 5 October 1976 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by organ system physiologist and biomedical engineers, was a historic first in its mathematical and quantitative approach to cardiovascular mechanics. Organisation Currently the society includes investigators in muscle and vascular biology, subcellular and sarcomere dynamics, the microcirculation, cardiovascular biology, clinical disease, and modeling. The primary theme remains cardiovascular function, its physiologic and molecular mechanisms, with an aim to understand how these features integrate to achieve overall performance

Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society

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Computational anatomy is an interdisciplinary field of biology focused on quantitative investigation and modelling of anatomical shapes variability. It involves the development and application of mathematical, statistical and data-analytical methods for modelling and simulation of biological structures. The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in anatomy, applied mathematics and pure mathematics, machine learning, computational mechanics, computational science, biological imaging, neuroscience, physics, probability, and statistics; it also has strong connections with fluid mechanics and geometric mechanics

Computational anatomy

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Diffeomorphometry is the metric study of imagery, shape and form in the discipline of computational anatomy (CA) in medical imaging. The study of images in computational anatomy rely on high-dimensional diffeomorphism groups φ ∈ Diff V {\displaystyle \varphi \in \operatorname {Diff} _{V}} which generate orbits of the form I ≐ { φ ⋅ I ∣ φ ∈ Diff V } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {I}}\doteq \{\varphi \cdot I\mid \varphi \in \operatorname {Diff} _{V}\}} , in which images I ∈ I {\displaystyle I\in {\mathcal {I}}} can be dense scalar magnetic resonance or computed axial tomography images. For deformable shapes these are the collection of manifolds M ≐ { φ ⋅ M ∣ φ ∈ Diff V } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}\doteq \{\varphi \cdot M\mid \varphi \in \operatorname {Diff} _{V}\}} , points, curves and surfaces

Diffeomorphometry

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Directed differentiation is a bioengineering methodology at the interface of stem cell biology, developmental biology and tissue engineering. It is essentially harnessing the potential of stem cells by constraining their differentiation in vitro toward a specific cell type or tissue of interest. Stem cells are by definition pluripotent, able to differentiate into several cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, etc

Directed differentiation

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Elementary modes may be considered minimal realizable flow patterns through a biochemical network that can sustain a steady state. This means that elementary modes cannot be decomposed further into simpler pathways. All possible flows through a network can be constructed from linear combinations of the elementary modes

Elementary modes

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An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue

Implant (medicine)

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The International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) was initially formed as International Federation for Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering during the 2nd International Conference of Medical and Biological Engineering, in the UNESCO Building, Paris, France in 1959. It is primarily a federation of national and transnational organizations. These organizations represent national interests in medical and biological engineering

International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering

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