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02cc2377cce74519f1ff66716c62b6aa719d8c18cf99d3dc86c402f0a783dc6b | Cirincione 2024 | Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.
Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Trump Has a Strategic Plan For The Country: Gearing Up For Nuclear War,” https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/]
re-elected Trump would put nuc s programs on steroids , trash arms control and trigger new nuc programs in other nations seizing control mean most dramatic build up of nuc s since Reagan scope , pace , and cost proposals accelerate nuc arms race decline in security and increase global conflicts explode national debt cost tens of billions weapons unleash nuc winter and famine that destroy all civilization Project 2025 compel Russia , China , Iran , and No Ko to increase budgets , warfighting deployments Japan , So Ko and Germany pushed over nuc line withdrawals from arms control is central goals U S abandon commitment not to test other nations follow suit push U S onto precipice of expensive and destabilizing nuc confrontation |
01a99966a60de1de696ab309fbc093c8125b916639d09c0986a56e581ad2985b | carbon tax not regressive | 3. It’s not regressive: benefit indexing and capital intensity.
Metcalf and Goulder 21, *John DiBiaggio Professor of Economics at Tufts University, former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environment and Energy at the U.S. Department of the Treasury, **Shuzo Nishihara Professor of Environmental and Resource Economics at Stanford University (*Gilbert Metcalf, **Lawrence Goulder, April 28, 2021, “Economists: A US carbon tax would be progressive,” The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/550691-economists-a-us-carbon-tax-would-be-progressive/)
A carbon tax would lead to higher prices of goods that are carbon-intensive However revenue-recycling is not needed to make the tax progressive First Social Security and SNAP are indexed for inflation households are protected from higher prices of carbon Second, while much cost is passed to consumers significant cost borne by owners industries most affected are capital-intensive sufficient to bring a progressive impact |
0356cad44ebe3a159f93991a1ffc6028c09227a004667ac22df27ac20b601249 | Michael Mehling | The plan triggers global uptake of clean energy. Innovations here reduce the prices of oil, locks in low prices.
David Dreisen and Michael Mehling 2024, *University Professor, Syracuse University, **Deputy Director, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, MIT; Professor, University of Strathclyde Law School, “PRICING, DECARBONIZATION, AND GREEN NEW DEALS,” William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 48.2, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol48/iss2/2/, accessed 12-26-24, HMc
When a single government secures production of zero-emission tech markets spread their adoption Governments need not impose cost on the entire economy a single government can pay a very small amount catalyze price declines widespread adoption of key tech can trigger collapse of emissions ambitious change in a tiny market have transformative effects Getting the price right has nothing to do with it . Alternatives to pricing that directly encourage zero-emission tech do much better governments can drive costs of clean tech down leading to deployment then diffusion |
000ec825109ce98f4f991bff9cdb33a8d0e3812bc4c02530564358af4fd5387f | Scott Odell mining | US critical energy mineral reform - domestic and imports – is key
Odell ’23 Scott D. Odell 2023 is a visiting assistant professor at George Washington Uni- versity and a visiting scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Environmental Solutions Initiative., “Cooperate Internationally, Reduce Demand,” May/June 2023, https://www.eli.org/sites/default/files/files-pdf/TheDebate-May-June-2023.pdf
The United States wil l have to import large amounts of natural resources Congress must reform the General Mining Law. But also pay attention to pressures mining places on communities and the environment beyond its borders The success will depend on U.S. policy While strengthening its own socioenvironmental regulations the United States should also take a leading role in establishing international mining standards single-minded efforts to replace fossil-fuel energy with metals -dependent energy will replace climate change with a new crisis: ac- cumulated social and environmental harms from ubiquitous empty mine facilities in communities around the world. |
0164b876a1576371b6535471cef006c9217912dbdcfc692472492aa5d34256ed | Serin 23 | Permanent storage is an alternative to EOR.
Serin 23, Esin Serin, Policy Fellow working on UK energy and climate policy with a particular focus on sustainable growth, economic opportunities of net zero and decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors. Esin works in collaboration with the LSE’s Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) and is an Associate of the Productive and Inclusive Net Zero (PRINZ) project, London School of Economics, 3-13-2023 ["What is carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS) and what role can it play in tackling climate change?," available on: https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/explainers/what-is-carbon-capture-and-storage-and-what-role-can-it-play-in-tackling-climate-change/, accessed: 10-31-2024]rrf
Usage refers to using the captured CO2 to produce c products or services EOR injects CO2 into oil and gas reservoirs to increase extraction majority of projects are for the dedicated storage rather than EOR |
035391ca7183b4905d4589c4cc96ac88eb0a96ff2e6751fd498bcd99bf88fcf6 | degrowth sustains capitalism | Absent plan’s legal restraint of anti-statism, degrowth merely sustains capitalism
Fazi 22 [Thomas Fazi, UnHerd columnist and translator, latest book is The Covid Consensus, co-authored with Toby Green, “The paradox of Degrowth Communism,” UnHerd, 12-5-2022, https://unherd.com/2022/12/the-paradox-of-degrowth-communism/]
The problem isn’t the society envisioned It’s unintended consequences of their theory erroneously conflate energy and resource consumption things finite But energy bountiful anti-industrialist bias a obstacle to the massive state-sponsored infrastructure investment needed to make economies sustainable most concerning apocalyptic that either we fix everything or we’re all screwed effectively anything is justified including authoritarian interventions like Zero Covid on steroids political cover to the easiest way to reduce consumption : making ordinary people poorer pursued by elites the driving force of capitalism is not growth or profits , but power more than happy to have growth-crushing austerity degrowth want to overthrow capitalism , but actually empowering capitalist elites |
02be3d3b9dac7047094e6161b36d4394e91cb344c17a02c326a6696338f53fa1 | China doesn't pose existential threat | No impact to loss of leadership.
Swaine ’21 [Michael; April 21; PhD in Government from Harvard University, director of the East Asia program at the Quincy Institute; "China Doesn’t Pose an Existential Threat for America," https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/04/21/china-existential-threat-america/]
supposed threats consists of Beijing’s overturning the l iberal o rder Beijing has little interest in exporting governance they want nations to copy to legitimize the system to domestic audience and banks show little desire to extend loans that will fail actual attractiveness would prove limited features undergirding China are not replicable and not sustainable given aging population corruption income inequality and that free info flows drive innovation since the 80s, not a single nation has adopted that system it is highly debatable a single global order even exists The challenge is not imagined threats Reject the specious notion China is threatening to destroy a way of life |
0097f10eedf27b664e0b0b4a198c2d0fadd0a2611c6ef60f0b0b0801517136ab | IMF carbon tax | Won’t feel the impact till down the line – No Link. In the first year of the tax, nobody recognizes the difference.
Parry 15, PhD, Chief US Economist to the IMF (Ian Parry, 2015, “5. Macroeconomic Effects of Carbon Taxes,” IMF, https://www.elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9781138825369/ch005.xml)
the energy price impacts of carbon tax are much smaller than changes in energy prices from volatility a $20 tax would increase gas prices by 18 cents but pump prices varied between $1 and $3 |
04603269bdd8e52c55d6c1309b49088e89bb7c5f5973d676b4113d04ea63d36a | renewables momentum | Global renewables are up now
IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.
Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline |
03b9417f6bd3878d4e3199168d1a4027466890b7660c9a378c740d699fc34d2d | IMF climate policies credibility | 3. Counterplan is uncertain – it’s clearly illegal AND subject to the whims of the administration. That’s key to investment and planning for transition – that’s Metcalf AND…
Dr. Benjamin Carton and Dr. Jean-Marc Natal 22. Senior economist, IMF; PhD, Economics, University of Paris Panthéon-Sorbonne. Deputy Chief, World Economic Studies Division, IMF; former professor, Monetary Theory and Policy, University of Geneva; PhD, International Economics, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva. “Further Delaying Climate Policies Will Hurt Economic Growth.” IMF Blog. Oct. 5, 2022. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/10/05/further-delaying-climate-policies-will-hurt-economic-growth.
U S g h g taxes to be effective need to be credible If only partially credible firms will not consider future increases when planning investment This slow transition only partially credible policies double the cost of transitioning |
02b114a96e92938492d8fa0af39d8c27ee791f207f709a6f3ab34a0959ae9b24 | great power wars destroy cooperation | Unraveling the LIO causes extinction.
Kallenborn 24 – Adjunct Fellow in the Strategic Technologies Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
nuclear war would blast kill over five billion An asteroid g e bio weapons super volcanoes climate change nanotech and a i generate existential harm humanity needs global coop Protracted great power wars spill across regions siphoning personnel and resources the global coop system may be destroyed |
0317360eb8c2f29a7c51291617480d2333ee41065ff6b66abc49f81091d2a461 | Sade Hormio | Countries continually fight over the costs—prevents global action.
Hormio 23 – Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki.
Sade Hormio, “Collective responsibility for climate change”, WIREs Climate Change, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2/14/23, https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.830
Climate is a global problem across countries effects cannot be addressed by one agent unilaterally . actions impose burdens on some while benefitting others . . geography of some makes them more vulnerable climate change is linked to international politics , where states fail to take action there has been ongoing debates over who should pay and to what degree parties continue to question if compensation is required This has been the primary obstacle to an effective regime |
04603269bdd8e52c55d6c1309b49088e89bb7c5f5973d676b4113d04ea63d36a | Renewables growing rapidly | Global renewables are up now
IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.
Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline |
0230e357fa8228604638d35c93e0e9d50acbaf084b2c56d58470519bfb577946 | grids increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks | 4. Surface area increases.
Kearney 24 – U.S. Energy Reporter at Reuters. M.A. in Journalism, business and economic concentration, Columbia University.
U.S. grids are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks with the number of susceptible points increasing by 60 per day The grids' weak spots susceptible to cyber criminals grew last year It's hard to keep pace with all those vulnerabilities |
02cbaa4fd1df64beb1735f7d5eec6a47dd318a3a9d63d6cbaa3d1983cdfce99f | Alam and Becker 23 | US leadership is possible and necessary to meet global climate targets.
Sufia Alam 23. Senior Communications Advisor. Emily Becker, Deputy Director of Communications for the Climate & Energy Program. When America Leads: Why the US Should Lead the Clean Energy Transition. Third Way, 22 September 2023. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/when-america-leads-why-the-us-should-lead-the-clean-energy-transition. Accessed 30 August 2024
The US holds potential to lead the world as a clean energy superpower representing a $130 trillion market while helping the world reduce 30 gigatons of CO2 annually China is leading globally But that will change we have seen $213 billion in clean investment with the right investments the US is poised to excel challenging China’s control the US can recapture a $1 trillion offshore wind market and $5 trillion solar market revitalize manufacturing These investments help maintain energy independence e v s the U S to compete for 10 million jobs solar has potential to generate 550,000 jobs |
01581f1fb0834b5594f0f5ba753f2bedd86104ef7979950b25db06034516ce28 | carbon pricing health equity | Even if not existential, climate change risks heightening systemic inequalities and dooming marginalized populations to painful crises engendered by corporate pollution --- the plan’s a necessary and sufficient solution to the worst health-based impacts of extraction, while providing sustainable infrastructures of support.
Ambasta & Buonocore 18 [Anshula Ambasta [Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada] & Jonathan J. Buonocore [Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA], “Carbon pricing: a win-win environmental and public health policy,” 28 June 2018, Canadian Journal of Public Health (2018) 109:779–781 https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0099-5, Bittner]
Combustion of fossil fuels leads to air pollution which has adverse health effects extraction and consumption have disruptive health effects Limiting fossil fuel use through carbon pricing reduce adverse health outcomes Modeling across the world demonstrate reducing carbon emissions by reducing fossil fuel use has health benefits proposed carbon fee in Ma estimated to save 340 lives between 2017 and 2040 Carbon pricing lead to broader public health benefits Higher cost of transportation encourage to walk or public transportation Reducing emissions through carbon pricing improve physical environment and ag sustainability Redistributing revenue promote health equity through econ equity Improvement in air quality improve health of all particularly vulnerable populations, While climate change aggravates inequalities, and disproportionately affects the most vulnerable price on carbon can mitigate climate change and close existing inequities by protecting populations disproportionately impacted by climate change |
026bc08790679ee43fe3a0bdd8cf8db5177e48c104b7d466e407f72ab8e52cc8 | Hammerschlag 22 | The plan is a radical version of the Green New Deal—Emory’s 1AC solvency advocate admits their mechanism is legally suspicious, requires Congress, would be widely unpopular, and links to politics and backlash.
Hammerschlag 22 – Notes Editor of the Texas Law Review, JD Candidate at the University of Texas School of Law.
Bryan Hammerschlag, “A ‘Green New Fed’: How the Federal Reserve’s Existing Legal Powers Could Allow It to Take Action on Climate Change,” Texas Law Review, Volume 100, Issue 3, 2022, https://texaslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/6Hamerschlag.Printer.pdf
A common trope among politicians is that the Fed shouldn’t “pick winners .” there is a cohort of influential bankers who disfavor political action legal forces make the Fed’s intervention uncertain the program rely on a broad congressional mandate it would have to impose a significant price . Regulating financed emissions would mean stepping into a controversial area that is political . It would create a clear economic preference for low-emitting over high-emitting activities. philosophies are preferences the Fed duty to effectuate its mandates should triumph over preconceived notions in society the Fed has a long history of political actions outside the proper scope of what unelected technocrats It’s time for the Fed’s own “ whatever it takes ” moment It is time for a Green New Fed |
0451a11d0dbf0cd3e9f3a96caa2069a4b3dff43d768c6773617e6457dcd67ef4 | Compacts cornerstone of energy policy | Compacts have been the cornerstone of energy policy.
Kevin J. Heron 85 (J.D., 1983, The National Law Center, George Washington University; B.S. in Economics, 1980, Villanova University; Staff Attorney, Pacific Legal Foundation. “The Interstate Compact in Transition: From Cooperative State Action to Congressionally Coerced Agreements” Fall 1985 https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2049&context=lawreview)//conway
1930's, compacts with relative frequency assume national significance . The Compact for Parolees had a nationwide membership . the Oil Compact , essentially the precursor to energy conservation efforts participation by all states |
004fbfd8c067ff536e7b4be7d8d8a7ff9f9ed05cdb5c9d74d40ddb868b286c21 | noble savage myth | Noble Savage DA-Romanticizing Natives as ecologically pure is a settler trick used to recreate the myth of the noble savage. Indigenous people use markets too.
Gilio-Whitaker 17, Policy Director and Senior Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies, and is an award-winning journalist at Indian Country Media Network. With a bachelor’s in Native American Studies and a master’s in American Studies, Dina’s research interests focuses on Indigenous nationalism, self-determination, environmental justice, and education. For the past several years has been involved with Indigenous peoples’ participation in the United Nations arena. (Dina, “The Problem With The Ecological Indian Stereotype,” KCET, https://www.kcet.org/shows/tending-the-wild/the-problem-with-the-ecological-indian-stereotype)//BB
Native Americans are original environmentalists to apply the blanket statement is to overlook meaning of environmentalism and mischaracterize Native peoples’ actual relationship to land creates impossibly high standard exposing Native peoples to dangerous objectives when they fail to meet In settler imagination Native had to be less than human to justify incursions into Indian lands safely disappearing noble savage enshrined into romanticized narratives ecological Indian is part of American cultural landscape when disaffected American youth waking up to spiritually and morally bankrupt society looked to indigenous peoples for answers intensely romanticized savage Indian was redeemed became the symbol of renewed hope possibility to return to a simpler and more honorable past trope symbolizes idealized fictitious appeal to lost purity Native nations have complex land management practices these facts were systematically ignored part of patterns of erasure, genocide, and dispossession |
036400680a51cf8597317c103bf0e22f92bf59dbf11ed97be76c81e54c230b86 | ableist metaphors feminist writing | These phrases entrench ableism
Schalk 13 Sami Schalk - MFA in Creative Writing (Poetry) from University of Notre Dame and PhD in Gender Studies from Indiana University. Was affiliated w. The Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University at the time of this writing – now is an Assistant Prof at UW-Madison.– “Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Writing” - Disability Studies Quarterly 33(4) – September 2013 - #E&F - https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3874/3410)
an ableist perspective undergirds explanations insofar as they assume all bodies have certain physical/cognitive/sensory experiences and that people generally use related metaphorical expressions that correspond to these experiences in text, able bodies take precedence through assumption that all bodies can hear in normative ways nondisabled experiences are considered the universal grounding despite the fact that not even all people who see hear, speak, and walk perform and experience these actions in same way, especially given that these actions are in many ways conditioned by factors such as gender, age, and body size |
00009b7dcc0d5158ad8b0d7d1740c937798ef9fcf9df62499c62f72cd4daae0f | motivations for war security | No war from decline.
Walt ’20 [Stephen; May 13; Professor of International Relations at Harvard University; " Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?" https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/]
I do not think econ impact war if depressions cause war, the re would be more U S suffered 40 yet 20 wars , most unrelated to econ No matter condition leaders will not go to war unless quickly , cheaply , and with success motivation for is security, not gain depression are one factor and rarely significant |
00eedd305ef09af119e82e4275b93c0bcd522ffb2d2600108911506dc3201238 | clean energy is dirty | And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?
Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]
alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation |
0234a4ce524f0404570b53107dac91559da2462cf70a1867907d906f37b9dd84 | Trump would narrow IRA | Trump 2.0 locks in existential warming.
Millan 24, climate change journalist (Laura, Zahra Hirji, Olivia Rudgard, Jonathan Gilbert, 2-27-2024, “Trump's Green-Bashing and Europe's Right Put Climate Goals at Risk,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-27/trump-s-green-bashing-europe-s-right-put-climate-goals-at-risk)
Trump minimized effects of climate attacked e v and pledged to repeal Biden’s signature law retreating on ambition following hottest year on record shift is mix of backpedaling and backlash what’s at stake is a livable planet Any slow-walking comes at the risk of additional warming Trump would narrow IRA Trump could stymie the climate fight pull out of Paris unravel x o s pause crackdowns of polluters undo regulations and shut down climate initiatives |
0048fd4558c0e40fe711067dc9d9b42034271ef146e4b0ce4afcf66a95952bc5 | climate change and technology | Dedev doesn’t solve the downsides of tech
Andrew J. Wright 19. Leading the Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada assessment of impacts of shipping noise on North Atlantic right whales (NARW) as part of Canada’s Oceans Protection Plan. 09/2019. “The End? Science, Conservation, and Social Justice as Necessary Tools for Preventing the Otherwise Inevitable Human Extinction?” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 281–285.
There is a moral obligation to address human extinction simply halting tech progress as a species is no longer an option as we have come too far and climatic changes , unsustainable resource use , and limits of physical space force us to seek additional tech solutions we must seek to continue to develop greater tech |
034e8b9b7ba54d56b8a3f0b784cc36efdce169b9a5367f80c19b0cfb251bd2c3 | EPA oversight input IRS | EPA assistance solves.
Calder Jack 15 is a CEO of Growth Wise, former research assistant and B.A. from the University of Chicago. “Administration of a U.S. Carbon Tax” March 1st, 2015. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9781138825369/ch003.xml DOA: 1/17/25 Rslish.
It should be straightforward for IRS to administer tax on emissions payable by a thousand taxpayers with easy-to-measure base, and not require resources skills staff integrated into normal administration Extending for CCS or land use attach to agencies that had technical knowledge a CT would have environmental protection objectives the EPA have oversight input with regard to IRS administration better carried out by EPA other department There would be cooperation between the Treasury IRS and EPA |
0074f65e84b57f3781f3e29b678236c8781f00dfdf64590e6716bfa3d7eed212 | policy's purpose must be decarbonization | The CP is competitive--- “For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”
John Deacon Bates 23. Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia
The word "for" matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose |
0356cad44ebe3a159f93991a1ffc6028c09227a004667ac22df27ac20b601249 | clean energy adoption good | The plan triggers global uptake of clean energy. Innovations here reduce the prices of oil, locks in low prices.
David Dreisen and Michael Mehling 2024, *University Professor, Syracuse University, **Deputy Director, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, MIT; Professor, University of Strathclyde Law School, “PRICING, DECARBONIZATION, AND GREEN NEW DEALS,” William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 48.2, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol48/iss2/2/, accessed 12-26-24, HMc
When a single government secures production of zero-emission tech markets spread their adoption Governments need not impose cost on the entire economy a single government can pay a very small amount catalyze price declines widespread adoption of key tech can trigger collapse of emissions ambitious change in a tiny market have transformative effects Getting the price right has nothing to do with it . Alternatives to pricing that directly encourage zero-emission tech do much better governments can drive costs of clean tech down leading to deployment then diffusion |
034f7ba8aa8f62d93a53fbad34b574b49f5264ece2f75527f23c33871d9d74cd | Hybrid tax swap rebate green | It'd generate revenue through a hybrid tax swap, rebate, and green spending program.
Split is likely 10% in direct rebates for the lowest income groups, 40% in tax swaps, and 50% in green spending.
a hybrid approach of a carbon-for-capital tax swap plus rebates balance efficiency and equity remaining revenues financ green development or fund energy efficiency programs Taxes on capital and income distort the economy Reducing those would mitigate the economic impact of carbon pricing increase GDP the regressivity of tax swaps overstated. lowering corporate tax rates would result in a progressive distribution lawmakers for political reasons are likely to merge approaches a capital tax reduction that diverts roughly 10 percent of revenue toward rebates neutraliz impact on those households . |
00d5674b9c0315fa734a26e45bbe229187fbea2a4693916011327474ab084731 | capitalism requires revolution | Alt causes transition wars---links especially hard to the thesis that people are hardwired.
Lee Harris 3. Analyst – Hoover Institution. 2003. “The Intellectual Origins of America-Bashing.” Hoover Instituion. Policy Review. http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3458371.html.
the capitalist class could not be expected to relinquish control No capitalist society ever willingly liquidated itself, it is utopian to think any ever will to achieve socialism , nothing short of a complete revolution would do this means a full-fledged civil war across the globe Without catastrophic upheaval capitalism would remain completely in control |
03696049f42bcde171446b56099343876ab836f72936f7013f3b7e0ce3650196 | International law standards | The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.
Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53 Tex. Int'l L.J. 1, Spring 2018]
voluntarily assumed standards by subjects of i law can be taken seriously as Unilateral Declarations binding based on good faith [W]hether the act breach treaty or rule is not relevant responsibility will result when the org does not live up to unilateral promises can bind unilaterally give rise to obligations must “[manifest] will to be bound when intention are fulfilled declarations are binding |
034d694fc6f49760a6d00c6aa0681617b5c71dc70457d460f7d8ef4bc8f42daa | colonial claims non-white populations | The 1AC’s securitization of ecological stress reflects a colonial research paradigm that authorizes land grabs and armed intervention.
Billings 24, Master of Science Thesis, Community and Environmental Sociology; Research Assistant @ University of Wisconsin-Madison. (Kristen R., 8-23-2024, “Resilient Empire: The Coloniality of U.S. Climate Securitization and Abolitionist Countertopographies Of Militarism,” p. 12-18, http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/85692)
warnings ecological stress would damage U.S. national security signaled a shift to securitization , a discursive process by which actors articulate issues and remove them from politics Ecological concerns became the purview of military planners securitization of the environment disenfranchises the majority, stripping environmental ‘speech’ from emancipatory projects legitimate concerns about the environment were transmogrified into a scarcity-conflict model that built an image of a degraded and violent Third world publications posited limited access to fish was a causal predictor of conflict their methods renew discredited determinist thinking and perpetuat racialized stereotypes Climatic determinism were central to European imperial traditions Colonial claims non-white populations were incapable of self-governance and susceptible to violence disorder motivated martial and humanitarian interventions and were central to U.S. empire-building Scarcity, rather than being a product of uncontrollable pressures such as drought is the result of artificial supply shortages scarcity is mobilized to legitimize land grabs and authorize external management of resources invocations of scarcity reproduce colonial imaginaries of racialized primitive others incapable of responsibly using resources nuclear fear colonized the very idea of the catastrophic It was deployed to create a security state it taught to think as nuclear subjects and transform that cataclysmic vision into nation-building nuclear attack exercises were means of installing specific ideas about nuclear crisis then mobilizing that imagined crisis as a means of militarizing the public The bomb folds terrors and hegemonic desires together This image of catastrophe enabling consensus of global capitalism through mass psycho-social regulation the state transformed catastrophe into a core tool of domestic governance . Evoking the sudden end of American civilization has since become a basic tool in governance a reliable means of blocking debate as well as taking extraordinary actions recently invading other states and conducting deadly drone strikes hyper-rationality of the nuclear system is an attempt to over-ride inevitable reality of its use U.S. security logics are structured by fear of the surprise attack nuclear fear has been coded into American culture |
022c4def1cb3d3a5a1ab1c72400678964a7cb99472310aed3163abfd97f067cd | Schonhardt 23 | China will not pursue abatement in response to the plan.
Schonhardt 23 (Sara Schonhardt, reporter, clean transition and Southeast Asia, Zack Colman, climate change reporter for POLITICO, November 20, 2023, “They’re talking, but a climate divide between Beijing and Washington remains,” https://www.politico.eu/article/cop28-climate-divide-beijing-china-us-washington-john-kerry-xie-zhenhua-joe-biden-xi-jinping/ [Accessed 8-22-24])//g6
Trump drove China further from America the pandemic economic slowdown And energy crunch cemented China’s coal boom . China has turned combative Rather than work with the U.S. Xi made clear China’s climate policy won’t be dictated by others aligned with Saudi and Russia opposing phasing out fossil fuels China has resisted pressure Anything that would signal they need to do more gets blocked |
042e429300d8f683403d28ba3c577e08dc2c790f17f345355117b86e010623cd | Vote NEG working class program | Vote NEG for a working class program. Only planning and directing the economy causes significant carbon reductions.
Matthew T Huber 22. Professor of Geography in the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University. Climate Change as Class War: Building Socialism on a Warming Planet. 2022.
constructing solidarity means acknowledging climate crisis requires the working class to seize means of production We have spent decades pretending costs can be priced but it’s clear only social control can guide us toward sustainable path . in light of climate crisis , the planetary “ planning and directing is what scientists mean when they say we undergo rapid , far-reaching changes we start simply resuscitating public good over profit crisis itself requires public-sector coordination in societies in which working-class power is strong public sector thrives people-centered programs arise through Mass action like labor strikes there are encouraging signs Sanders restored lost language of class struggle work stoppages have increased COVID lessened strike actions there were still notable strike essential workers ” there has been militant upsurge including workers in health care ten thousand workers at John Deere tight” labor market enhances worker leverage the material conditions for increased radicalization grow more favorable the U S labor movement was subdued But didn’t take long for crisis shifts , and upsurge from workers t to dramatically tilt balance of power |
01fc362e601e76b5ab53e16c4f9129bbaf9532250de1bd3feb65c83b3da1c93d | payments for ecosystem services | The plan commodifies traditional ecosystem services, entrapping natives in commodity fetishism.
Nicolás Kosoy 10. Ecosystem Service Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme, Esteve Corbera, School of International Development, University of East Anglia; “Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism”, Ecological Economics 69 (2010) 1228–1236.
everything is for sale repackaging existing commodities creating new ones and inducing wants’ sits in the centre of global capitalism amidst deep financial crisis caused by liquidity and growth beyond biophysical limits PES represent a symptom and consequence of commodity fetishism in market-based environmental governance PES disregard ecosystems complexity in order to facilitate market transactions based on a single exchange-value imposing a trend towards monetary conservation fails to account for value and obliterates social and ecological qualities embedded in services PES create power asymmetries through price formation which do not account for services locally globally and attribution of property rights . When services are commodified , they become the basis for new socio-economic hierarchies |
00b7274e9ea936f8aeab11794476e27f83b14ed7f27bbde33aafcc84a7e5c2e1 | grid collapse causes nuclear war | Grid collapse is existential in it of itself --- but also nuclear war
Guterl 12 – Executive Editor and award-winning journalist, Scientific American
Backup generators would rely on fuel in high demand Businesses would run out of inventory deliveries would cease ( no gasoline trucks planes trains trucking in supplies would not be adequate to cover hundreds of millions loss in human life would quickly nuclear-exchange scenarios |
0308d93a8d72557f3764c173967bed8877cfa915fd1d3b0ccacdf9d25789ff3e | federal authority in siting | The market for carbon pipelines and storage is underdeveloped – federal permitting authority aligned with incentives is key to overcome investment uncertainties
Fahy ‘24 [Nina; Senior Energy Transition Specialist within the RaboResearch Energy Transition team, 7-17-2024, “The long haul to long-haul carbon dioxide pipeline development in the US,” https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/d011434507-the-long-haul-to-long-haul-carbon-dioxide-pipeline-development-in-the-us]
challenges remain in bringing projects to market lengthy Class VI permit approval is complex Wider commercialization need infrastructure build-out Without transportation capture will be relegated to existing pipeline or storage anyone outside those categories effectively sidelined long-haul pipelines are the most efficient way to scale the E P A ’s new power plant rules rely on carbon capture as a central pillar Biden asked Congress to provide federal authority in siting they are not effective in streamlining development issues have been acute enough that the Navigator pipeline has been canceled With only a handful of permitted locations the market is far from mature well permits and pipeline infrastructure would be the table legs to support the carbon industry |
04563b38ad842ded6fbddf4ed1af5cf4b408dbd3c2e6818e921cb1bf2908d8b9 | Averting extinction not colonialist | Averting extinction is not colonialist---mobilization against and study of precipitous conditions is preferable to fatalism that sacrifices humanity to extinction.
Dr. Tim Stevens 20, PhD, Reader, International Security, King’s College, London. Lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, "Productive Pessimism: Rehabilitating John Herz’s Survival Research for the Anthropocene," in Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 6, pg. 83-90, 2020, Springer. [italics in original; language edited; OCR error edited]
at an ‘inflection point’ act now , or face disastrous consequences seem pessimistic not fatalistic because pessimism envisions dark futures it demands action positively charged resource that reinforces active capacities nuc s link concern not survival of state but the species conditions that erase all human institutions and ways of life demise caused by inability to discern material effects of deficient world views the scale of nuc s compelled courses of action to remediate the alternative to ‘ought to’ denotes extinction survival becomes an absolute distinct from utopianism apocalypse is a device through which transformation be brought issues d been dangerously neglected normalisation by which we fail to discern cumulative impacts invisible to the ordinary obscured by self-interest pessimism was not a excuse for fatalism as a scholar aim was clarify relations between act s and destructive consequences ’ a interdisciplinary undertaking across disciplines Solutions demand conscious practical and policy relevance by raising awareness and a sense of urgency must transcend internecine disputes between realism and liberalism |
00397b6bc0bcc2bc598f8e6dcd1dedc61c76f076283545a73a5e2d5e859ba50f | US emissions 0.2 degrees | US emissions are a drop in the bucket
Dayaratna et al. 22 – Chief Statistician, Data Scientist, and Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Policy Analyst at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Research Fellow in Labor Markets and Trade at The Heritage Foundation
all U.S. emissions would mitigate by less than 0.2 degrees Even if all other OECD economies eliminated the world increase would be mitigated by no more than 0.5 degrees |
0246bc2cb35e84c7b6290786a13f95d542be9dc85a05f755190495af8b99f0e5 | water food and energy nexus | Environmental policy has significant energy effects, but that doesn’t make it energy policy. They blow open the floodgates to any indirect effects.
Emily Cox et al. 16, Emily Cox, research associate at the University of Oxford in the Smith School, part of the CO2RE Greenhouse Gas Removal Hub; Sarah Royston, Senior Research Fellow at the Global Sustainability Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, former researcher at DEMAND centre at University of Sussex and Association for the Conservation of Energy, interdisciplinary social scientist focusing on energy governance, demand and everyday life, PhD in Social Policy from University of York; Jan Selby, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the University of Sheffield, research focuses on international political ecology of water, climate and energy, published in Review of International Studies and Middle East Report, “The Impacts of Non-Energy Policies on the Energy System: A Scoping Paper,” UK Energy Research Centre, 11/2016, p. 100
understanding of ‘energy is broad includes the energy lifecycle non-energy policies’ refers to all other sectors These effect energy but are not designed to Non-energy environmental policy (air pollution, water and forestry) impact various sources of CO2 There is plenty of research on the ‘nexus’ of water , food and energy air pollution policy impact energy congestion policies as an example air pollution policies on extractive industries the impact of water policies on energy the impact of flood defences and flood policies on resilience of energy networks |
00f0a785380bd28d1a8b806769ea372dd1bedf9452c2a61d08b57181d07849ec | Warming causes inflation | Warming causes inflation. Emissions reductions are the only way to stabilize price volatility.
Maximilian Kotz et al. 24. **Post-doctoral researcher in the Research Department for Complexity Science and member of the working group Data Based Analysis of Climate Decisions at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. **Friderike Kuik, Economist at the European Central Bank in the Prices and Costs Division. **Christiane Nickel, Deputy Director General Economics at the European Central Bank, PhD in Economics from Otto Beisheim Graduate School. “Global Warming and Heat Extremes to Enhance Inflationary Pressures.” 3/21/24.Communications & Earth Environment. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01173-x
future temperature conditions considerable climate change likely to increase inflation volatility and place persistent pressure on inflation levels empirical results find upward pressures implies short-term rises in inflation from hot periods intensity of extremes being amplified set to increase inflation volatility increasing difficulty of identifying supply shocks inflationary pressures from climate making monetary policy more difficult in absence of unprecedented adaptation persistent upward pressures on inflation have adverse effects on purchasing power climate offers opportunity to limit pressures on inflation without considerable mitigation of emissions inflation remain persistent and sizeable , even accounting for adaptation |
0108a12c842b563a614c2c5f5c472502a5370cc4020488470c3f8bd6d464651d | 45Q incentivizes fossil fuels | The 45Q tax credit incentivizes consumption of fossil fuels---the counterplan amends it to increase benefits per unit-removed---that sufficiently spurs growth.
Apillanes and Penalosa 23 [Sierra Apillanes Sustainability Law Student Research Fellow, Program on Law and Sustainability, Arizona State University Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law (J.D., 2022). B.A. Earth and Environmental Studies, Arizona State University (2019). Alexa Penalosa Sustainability Law Student Research Fellow, Program on Law and Sustainability, Arizona State University Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law (J.D., 2022). B.S. Environmental Science, University of California Santa Barbara (2017). “Unleashing Carbon Removal Technologies” Colo. Nat. Resources Energy & Env't L. Rev. 31, https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/colenvlp34&div=6&id=&page=]
Integrating definitions into fed incentive programs would kick-start investment in carbon removal 45Q credit has been most impactful program in promoting private investment an amendment that provided clearer def and offered stepped-up tax credit benefits would incentivize growth 45 Q credit encourages fossil fuels slowing transition to carbon free econ , Section 45Q reward any industrial facility for capture of CO2 that would be released cannot be extended to NETs they do not fit within parameters amendments to cover DAC facilities fall short of encompassing broad array of NETs limits eligibility to those that use capture equipment do not clarify whether definition extends to tech utilized indepen dent from industrial facility provision excludes all other strategies Enacting provision that offers stepped-up credits to actors working independently would enable tech to mature and proliferate any actor would receive per-unit tax credits would discourage emitting facilities from attempting to abuse credit to subsidize activities. current credits computed per metric ton a stepped-up credit could be computed on a permetric-ton basis |
03967f058bf280066e7bd56bf7ee5af0feaf2fb64ae0f3119e247b0cccbf0485 | no details GASSA | GASSA is useless and solves nothing.
Mehling et al. 24 – Professor at the University of Strathclyde, former Professor at Georgetown University, Deputy Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research at MIT, LLD and LLM in International Law and Environmental Law from the University of Helsinki; Professor of Climate Law and Policy at the University of Eastern Finland, PhD from the VU University Amsterdam.
few details have been disclosed on how GASSA would work it remains difficult to foresee what institutional structures would be created, and how they would be supported |
0134afa6c230ed2b193e7361b661cb987b894e3442b12b9a83b62f1187ee7aaf | Ukraine causes autarky | Ukraine causes a wave of autarky.
Dr. Eric Helleiner 24. Professor of Political Science, University of Waterloo; PhD, London School of Economics; former Killam Research Fellow; recipient, IPE Distinguished Scholar Award, International Studies Association. “Economic Globalization's Polycrisis.” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 68, Iss. 2. Jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae024.
invasion of Ukraine Western sanctions unraveled economic ties result has been massive disruptions across the globe actions illustrated vulnerability of all states to weaponization of interdependence after the war ends concerns endure since governments are strengthening economic warfare A lesson is reinforced : dangers of interdependence the same was drawn in the 30s when sanctions provided a catalyst for Japan Italy and Germany to turn autarkic |
0291bc1b64c0f60c9dea2131c384eaa458da4e5d4f74dd49beccb6d16cc7af70 | Stavins 01 | Stavins even admits his definition is huge!
Stavins 01, Professor of Business and Government, and Faculty Chair, Environment and Natural Resources Program, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. (Robert N., “Experience with Market-Based Environmental Policy Instruments,” Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Working Paper No. 00-004, Prepared for The Handbook of Environmental Economics, p. 40-41, http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract_id=199848)
I have defined m b i s broadly and cast a large net As a consequence , the review is extensive |
00e91f2a1b417815c34044db434f7bff9f0381e6a5de37dc6e38b29114316048 | uncertainty and innovation | Uncertainty increases innovation. This is especially true in the context of MBIs.
Zhu 21 [Yu Zhu (PhD, Associate Professor, Renmin University of China; Former Principal Economist, Bank of Canada; Ph.D. (Economics), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2014; M.S. (Economics), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2010; M.A. (Economics), Fudan University, China, 2008; B.A. (Economics), Nanjing University, China, 2005), Ziyuan Sun, Shiyu Zhang, and Xiaolin Wang, September 2021, “Economic Policy Uncertainty, Environmental Regulation, and Green Innovation—An Empirical Study Based on Chinese High-Tech Enterprises,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/18/9503; njn]
economic policy uncertainty will promote innovation the higher the uncertainty the greater the possibility of disruptive changes the greater the possibility to grow through early innovation enterprises increase R&D to cope with uncertainty |
007f0cceee58e997862605568a39e4274d6d17b636fca553f2acb422aa79760c | social democracy hope policy | It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.
Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone. Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]
if we consider tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence . |
00eedd305ef09af119e82e4275b93c0bcd522ffb2d2600108911506dc3201238 | electric vehicles racism | And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?
Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]
alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation |
033db4bb6b744a205b9279e2a460fe3c90699278edc5f2b8205dd6b1d7a17d32 | blackness as a construct | The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness
Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16
The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity |
00995c94f17c7c0681a9941f4f81fee9dd5e0f5e9f924f36dea0978c519a387e | carbon capture key | Implementation now is key.
McKie ’21 – Science and environment editor for the observer Guardian, 1-16-2021, "Carbon capture is vital to meeting climate goals, scientists tell green critics," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/16/carbon-capture-vital-meeting-climate-goals-scientists-cut-emissions
scientists insist failure to trap carbon and store it would make it impossible to hold net emissions to below zero is the only way If we have any hope of keeping global temperature below 2 degrees we desperately need c s c CCS play a key role in cleaning up industries The longer we delay the worst things are going to be |
03acf7abf7a4cb755db7000aa3e171533c16c59faad07e8d1f3a57ccfb7eab8f | house suffered injury | Legislative standing is well-established.
Strand ’22 [Mark and Tim Lang; September 1; President of the Congressional Institute, M.A. in Legislative Affairs from George Washington University; Research Director at the Congressional Institute, A.B. in History from Georgetown University; Congressional Institute, “Student Loans, Congress, and Standing: How the House Can Sue the Biden Administration,” https://www.congressionalinstitute.org/2022/09/01/student-loans-congress-standing/]
Congress’s power is at stake the House as a body has standing to authorize a suit According to Doctrine ,” the House is an institution and not Members In Burwell while individual s did not have standing it could not deny the entire House suffered injury The Court agreed with Congress generally mid-term s yielded a Dem House the Court of Appeals ruled House So House standing has been used by both parties |
04106ae2258b30113e113f1a541c1c76e89a3627fd2867b440d7673d68366d6a | bipartisan support for carbon border tax | There’s momentum for a federal BCA now to protect American businesses.
Sarfo '23 – Contributing editor with Tax Notes (Nana Ama Sarfo; "The Bipartisan Road to A U.S. Carbon Border Tax"; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2023/06/22/the-bipartisan-road-to-a-us-carbon-border-tax/; 6-22-2023; NC)
bipartisan group on track to implement one PROVE IT Act require D o E to track emissions legislation would provide valuable data lay basis for a carbon border tax , Rep s and Dem s fail to align on climate policy bill is striking in strong bipartisan backing . share interest in protecting businesses |
0453c220b0afb904bb6fa0d5a16e51aa5df13d626bbba0549bddd337b13440a3 | Queering freedom | Instead of a restrictive economy, we think generally. ‘Solutions’ that follow status quo temporal registers of calculating and charting “effective” courses are conditioned inside of circuits of violence.
Shannon Winnubst 6. [Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Introduction: The Seduction of Freedom.” Queering freedom. 2006. P5-6. ISBN: 0-253-21830-6]//dawn
thinking conditioned only with in closed economies, violence and politics are racialized Race functions as a category and racism is the system if systems are not reducible to closed economies need to reorient to different thinking that excavate closed economies of domination cannot conceive of any problem without reducing it to narrow reason This renders us captive to presuppositions which assume that solutions must follow the same temporal register resistance comes through freeing ourselves from closed economies and demarcated useful ends if we do not think in this general economy we will be subordinated to the catastrophic expressions of excess We have a choice not from calculating it will not derive from reason It may involve recuperating senses of freedom To think generally sens freedom as "a dangerous breaking loose |
00e2df0614fc4556a1714d9d0d4ddb2475c1f67523ec095c2cc673ecc9ef4059 | New tech chemical industry | Collapse of the chemical industry causes extinction.
Danielpour 14 [Steven; April 2014; AIA, CSI, CCS, LEED AP BD +C director of firmwide specifications at HOK, member of the corporate BuildingSmart, BIM, and Project Delivery boards; Cristalactiv, “Sustainable Coatings: Shifting the Paradigm,” http://www.cristalactiv.com/uploads/press/2014-04%20Sustainable%20Coatings_Danielpour%20D+D%20April%202014.pdf]
New tech will deliver innovations needed to respond to diminishing energy , water and megatrends, including population growth , climate change human survival depends on maintaining our ecological cycle The future lies in custom chemicals and new processing tech for the chemical industry industry produce healthier, environmentally sustainable chemicals that mitigate problems The challenges we face are unprecedented in human history, |
00e7210c2595db25802df2aff2c02da6dee56a431cbd8d2cc02fa8cc7c9b06f1 | Berman 22 | The AFF’s economic style of reasoning ensures serial policy failure.
Berman 22 – Elizabeth Popp Berman, Director and Richard H. Price Professor of Organizational Studies at the University of Michigan, Thinking Like An Economist: How Efficiency Replaced Equality in U.S. Public Policy, pgs. 5-10)
assumptions starts with incentives and externalities models simplify causal policy stories students learn to “ think like an economist appreciation of markets as efficient allocators creat legal framework that correct for market failures economic style portrays efficiency as politically neutral centering efficiency displacing other political values ignoring politics behind efficient policy decisions NEPA Clean Air strong, inflexible rules regulatory capture policies effective pollution trended sharply downward not reflect economic reasoning externality solution price on pollution through , transformation in environmental policy turned from moral framework pollution simply externality to be priced changed political space failed to capture deep interdependence of living elements in ecological system when people of color organized to demand environmental justice when EPA responded did so by turning demands for racial justice into economic calculation of relative risk burden rethinking competing values in language of economics comes at cost of violence to originals moral imperative relegated to margins not as starting point places significant constraints on range of possibilities policymakers define as reasonable |
016cc0121432332d66357076c60b0d373a0e5d07edc2fa9a2d9814f1a8fb653f | nuclear energy illustrate politics of sustainability | Green agonism and clash creates the perpetual possibility of energy sustainability and political reinvention---it’s key to simultaneously challenge power structures and climate change
Machin 20, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Agdar, completed PhD at the University of Westminster, London under Chantal Mouffe (Amanda, 2020, “The agony of nuclear: sustaining democratic disagreement in theanthropocene,” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1829847, p. 292-294) [aw]
disagreements over nuclear energy illustrate the politics of sustainability in which the stakes are high but the solutions are not straightforward conflict over nuclear is seen as a possible source of a lively agonistic politics in which alternative visions and ideas may be respect-fully expressed only through political discord that prevailing power structures are reconfigured those with opposing views do not regard each other as enemies to be destroyed but rather as legitimate adversaries acknowledgement of ongoing political disagreement reaching consensus covers up extant different perspectives underpin revitalized climate politics Agonistic disagreement allows consolidation of alt s disagreements occurring between irreducibly different perspectives disagreements are not a hindrance but valuable disagreement engage citizens and policy makers in the political realm Debates over nuclear can draw in new participants and enrich the public realm with the perspectives of those who may otherwise be excluded or marginalized allows reconfiguring of power relations new ideas are more likely to emerge on options regarding sustainability and energy . disagreement underpins the perpetual possibility for the emergence of alternatives in the search for sustainability decisions cannot be simply rescinded not implementing nuclear technologies at a time when “tipping points” in the climate system are possibly imminent also has implications Making a decision does not put an end to disagreement, but it does make it harder to change path significant for any democratic sustainability transformation . alternatives offer hopes for the future disagreement is unavoidable ecological agonistic approach demands an ongoing practice of reassessment and a continual rethinking of the ways in which our technologies condition, augment, and inhibit our interaction within our complex environments |
0031f6372012d5e3dbc21a4a30480a38e37886f9befd45708872921656ccc409 | how policy is constructed | Policy formulation is not concerned with policy change itself---merely with how policies are constructed
Katarina Hansson-Forman 21, PhD student at the Department of Political Science, Umeå University; et al., 2021, “A view through the lens of policy formulation: the struggle to formulate Swedish moose policy,” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23(4), pp. 528-542
Policy formulation refers to how problems transform into government programs In contrast to policy reform policy formulation does not concern policy change , but rather how policy is constructed Policy-making is creating implementing mixes of instruments mixes and various parts are and can be sequenced elements of policy need not be adopted all at once recent work on policy design ignored the temporal dimension of mixes This ignores important issue of intentional sequencing of tools as part of mix design |
0031f6372012d5e3dbc21a4a30480a38e37886f9befd45708872921656ccc409 | policy formulation definition | Policy formulation is not concerned with policy change itself---merely with how policies are constructed
Katarina Hansson-Forman 21, PhD student at the Department of Political Science, Umeå University; et al., 2021, “A view through the lens of policy formulation: the struggle to formulate Swedish moose policy,” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23(4), pp. 528-542
Policy formulation refers to how problems transform into government programs In contrast to policy reform policy formulation does not concern policy change , but rather how policy is constructed Policy-making is creating implementing mixes of instruments mixes and various parts are and can be sequenced elements of policy need not be adopted all at once recent work on policy design ignored the temporal dimension of mixes This ignores important issue of intentional sequencing of tools as part of mix design |
042ee2b7cf7f802df8e2a93e4e9499d64170c2f01917bbd540cfa0427142b7c8 | Carbon pricing stick to a knife fight | A. ENERGY DEMAND: It’s inelastic, so consumers won’t shift.
Leah C. Stokes & Matto Mildenberger 20, Stokes is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, the author of Short-Circuiting Policy, Mildenberger is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, “The Trouble with Carbon Pricing”, Boston Review, 9-24-20, https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/trouble-carbon-pricing/
Norway , which has the highest carbon prices emissions in oil rose 78 percent because of demand inelasticity if no easy alternatives high taxes won’t reduce pollution research suggests limited innovation we lack strong ev carbon pricing induced clean tech corporations will not innovate because of minor tweaks EU reduced emissions by 4 percent reductions are nothing compared to what needs to be done pricing is like bringing a stick to a knife fight |
02b2b6bfc6e631c63cf812e40c3e89316df3a7da816a4c8b85314712003ef5c0 | white hegemony increases | B. Appropriation DA. Introducing white people to a different language and giving them the opportunity to begin to understand it results in its appropriation for corporate domination.
Sullivan 4 [Shannon, professor of philosophy, women’s studies, and African American studies @ Penn State, “White World-Traveling”, Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 18.4, pp. 300-04]
a white/ Anglo person’s learning can increas the hegemony of the white world . This occurs when white people learn a language other than Standard American Language precisely to dominate the world that speaks that language corporations learn African American Language to better market products the protection provided to minority races by white people’s ignorance of their languages can be eroded once white people begin to understand and speak them |
03b040a0f905f00bf9cb72b463b7b3bada7d1512cbbe09ecaa7d8557c891740b | buildings largest stranded asset cause | 17. That report says buildings are the largest stranded asset---that’s an alt cause because the plan’s only energy
IREA 17 (International Renewable Energy Agency, “Stranded Assets and Renewables: How the energy transition affects the value of energy reserves, buildings, and capital stock,” https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Jul/IRENA_REmap_Stranded_assets_and_renewables_2017.pdf)
The sector that experiences the largest stranding is buildings with 10 trln stranded low turnover rate of buildings means assets buildings with inefficient equipment cannot be avoided especially in the U S |
046f92c7282bc4c3ad2378e9f8395d2d937ae209fa0d580dfea4c9da5c436fff | WTO myths versus reality | WTO is not a Trojan Horse and is not spreading the “neoliberal Agenda”
James Bacchus 23 is known worldwide as a global jurist, activist, writer, scholar, and statesman. “The World Trade Organization: Myths versus Reality”. September 26th, 2023. https://www.cato.org/publications/world-trade-organization-myths-versus-reality#conclusion. DOA: 9-6-24 Rslish.
WTO multilateral means achieving freer trade WTO’s founding Agreement recognizes that trade should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, hing in the WTO agreements that requires the implementation of a worldwide “neoliberal” agenda to eliminate gov regulations Critics talk much about need for “policy space reserved for domestic law fear that the WTO will overrule local regulations None of this is true O agreements are replete with provisions that assume there will be domestic health, safety, enviro , and other reg s allow more local policy spac |
03386e6fd175fa8b8f2608c904fc784e7d11ae11e4910ed2796e3fda5f37b580 | climate-resilient varieties | Food systems are adapting to climate change
Morrison ‘23 [Rose Morrison holds a degree in Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing from the University of Pittsburgh and is the Managing Editor of Renovated, “11 Ways Farmers Are Adapting to the Unpredictability of Climate Change,” 10-26-23, https://earth.org/11-ways-farmers-are-adapting-to-the-unpredictability-of-climate-change/]
Farmers are demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of climate change Diversification provides a buffer against crop failures and prevents disease Tech advancements have played a crucial role helping farmers adapt Precision ag like GPS-guided tractors and drones, optimise use of resources farmers can make informed decisions when to plant and harvest Sustainability has become a central foc us sustainable farming contribute to biodiversity conservation vital for resilience innovative irrigation make the most of available water Water recycling and storage store excess water for dry spells farmers are adopting high-yield crop varieties and rotation This helps meet rising demand programmes are developing climate-resilient varieties that can withstand extreme temperatures, droughts and stresses early warning systems for extreme weather have become invaluable for risk mitigation |
0006b2b480c32587c5845b7c562bf170d2db4cdd7f12ea5e972302a8bd343a04 | Daniel Bachman Deloitte | No global fragmentation.
Daniel Bachman 6/15, Dr. Bachman is a senior manager with Deloitte Services LP, in charge of US economic forecasting for Deloitte’s Eminence and Strategy functions. He worked as a forecaster and economic analyst at the US Commerce Department, "United States Economic Forecast," https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/economy/us-economic-forecast/united-states-outlook-analysis.html
exports have been a positive contributor to GDP forecast shows US exports growing over the five year horizon imports have fallen this trend is unlikely to continue a lot of talk about “deglobalization Global exports grew and have stabilized while trade patterns may be changing, the United States remains as fully connected as it has been |
0003e5e43228a62eaaea765ab4cc7f441ee05fa4059951000316b226f779743c | military readiness nuclear war | Cuts to military readiness leads to nuclear war, nuclear terror, and arms racing.
Brands ’18 [Hal; January 16; Professor of Global Affairs at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments; American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump, “Does America Have Enough Hard Power?” Ch. 6]
America committed to primacy in every document the U S maintained peerless power-projection in Europe Asia , the East dominance constituted the backbone of strategy to perpetuat the unipolar order . They suppress rogue states , nuclear prolif and terror Washington preserve overmatch versus challenges to the system norms reflect power great powers are seeking heg developing modernization emphasizing nuclear conventional and special forces Iran develop A2/AD tech allowed actors to contest superiority spread of a sat cyber air defense and precision-strike had a leveling effect challenges multiplied The U S confronts rogue states jihadist and great-power competition |
026ad48df5e146e77d6dfbe2e6e0a8f7bc410d90e2429413181a51a7ce856428 | inequality reduction existential risk | Inequality degrades institutions through populism AND nativism---extinction.
Andreas T. Schmidt & Daan Juijn 21, Schmidt, Faculty of Philosophy, Centre for PPE, University of Groningen; Juijn, CE Delft, Delft, the Netherlands, “Economic inequality and the long-term future,” GPI Working Paper No. 4-2021
inequality reduction decrease existential risk performance depends on quality of institutions high inequality worsen disaster preparedness fo po science policy existential risk reduction require public goods and collective action high inequality lead to elite capture elite interests less likely to be geared towards public goods societies with higher social capital show greater resilience to shocks have lower death rates in catastrophes polarization increases violent conflict inequality increases polarization Populist politicians are less cooperative |
044959da6c7e97e6a7630420fe72cd3b58a77155cffac47115346f89f3c3f822 | Excludes core topic research | Topic specific solvency advocacy checks – proves they exclude core topic research and predictable neg ground – that’s the 1NC solvency ev – heres more
Wiseman and Osofsky 16 [Hannah J. Wiseman** and Hari M. Osofsky* ** Attorneys' Title Professor, Florida State University College of Law. J.D., Yale Law School, A.B., Dartmouth College. * Professor, University of Minnesota Law School; Faculty Director, Energy Transition Lab; Director, Joint Degree Program in Law, Science & Technology; Faculty Member, Conservation Biology Graduate Program; Adjunct Professor, Department of Geography, Environment and Society; and Fellow, Institute on the Environment Ecology Law Quarterly, “Regional Energy Governance and U.S. Carbon Emissions”, lexis]
states may combine individual emission goals into one multistate plan States would then collaborate states could establish a multistate cap existing state plans include regional carbon trading, such as the RGGI Rehighlighting Below China’s leadership has prioritized growth of green energy Clean energy investment rose 40 percent year-on-year to $890 billion in 2023, laser focus led China to dominate clean energy position China as the global supplier on which other countries rely continued flooding the market with below-market-cost products China controls 80 percent of solar supply chain the “new three” sectors , China commands 80 percent of battery cells and 60 percen t of EV market putting China in a prime position to leverage advantages against the U.S. |
02bd42c1ffefc4ec3f599205abad6a682874d214cc21a6ec9354ceffa6856776 | Weakness on China advantage | Weakness on China in other policy areas alt causes the advantage.
Gottlieb 23, PhD, Professor of International and Public Affairs at SIPA, Columbia. (Stuart, 12-30-2023, "Joe Biden and the politics of appeasement," The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/4382451-joe-biden-and-the-politics-of-appeasement/)
any assessment of Biden’s fo po reveals the weakest path withdrawal from Afghanistan, result in a Taliban takeover early blunders by the admin includ agreement with Ukraine while refusing it defensive weapons such as javelins in case Russia were to invade It delisted Yemen’s Houthi s Xi has every reason to ask why would the U S be so unwilling to help Ukraine win and fearful of Iran but also willing to involve itself in Taiwan the cred of deterrence has fallen |
02ef7a10fea43bc3cffbe0c1ade54630dfd05f1eeb8c8aa5975c56e661e4ea42 | OPEC Al Ghais | Demand is surging---the IEA underestimates AND historically’s been wrong.
Al Ghais ’24 [Haitham; June 13; OPEC Secretary General; OPEC, “OPEC Sec Gen: Peak oil demand not on the horizon,” https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/general/OPEC-SG-peak-oil-demand-not-on-the-horizon.pdf]
peak supply not come to pass shift to peak demand narrative repeated when IEA published dangerous commentary proven to be wrong IEA suggested gas peaked coal peaked but consumption hit record levels progress in renewables nowhere near enough renewables require oil products add to oil demand oil demand increase Even IEA sees growth consumer pushback of unrealistic net zero prompting policymakers to reevaluate supporting new oil licenses |
00f706c497e320ec297d0ce66d4e533555195278aef55d3ac04943dd7ae3344e | trade during war | 5 – Interdependence doesn’t prevent war---countries continue to trade during conflict.
Leda Zimmerman 21, Writer, editor and communications strategist, citing a paper by Mariya Grinberg, assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Solving puzzles of international trade, war, and order,” MIT News, 10/29/21, https://news.mit.edu/2021/solving-puzzles-international-trade-war-order-mariya-grinberg-1029
trade could be conducted during conflict States do rational things The interdependence arg relies on the idea nations don’t trade during war the push is not toward less war but trad |
0156ba9b17b37a8179db8acf3d3330e0b0a92acea635695189a083d8faba8cf1 | franchise time bad | Citation of killmonger turns the aff—allies them with black panther afrofuturism, ensures that the radical potential of the aff fades in time for Marvel’s next film
Canavan 18, Gerry---associate professor of 20th and 21st century literature at Marquette University (“The Limits of Black Panther's Afrofuturism,” Frieze, February 27, 2018, accessed September 9, 2019, https://frieze.com/article/limits-black-panthers-afrofuturism)
the strange temporality that characterizes comic-book narratives a anti- narrative : events ‘happen’ only so that they may quickly be reversed Franchise time represents a fatal challenge to the transcendent Afrofuturism of Black Panther because of the narrative requirements of franchise time – Wakanda will have to continue not to exist after Black Panther A world with an unhidden Wakanda would look nothing like our world What Wakanda would mean to the globe would be so radical as to permanently sever the connection between ‘ there’ and ‘ here’ on which the eternal present of Marvel is based Wakanda will never be allowed to become the incredible hyper-power Black Panther demand it would Wakanda's true moment of emergence will always be forestalled the radical historical difference of Black Panther’s Afrofuturist vision will not be allowed to stay either radical or different franchise time demands that the question of Wakandan superiority and its challenge to American empire will fade into the past as the string of sequels introduce stories whose own narrative development will also always reset back to one for the next show |
02cc2377cce74519f1ff66716c62b6aa719d8c18cf99d3dc86c402f0a783dc6b | Trump nuclear arms race | Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.
Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Trump Has a Strategic Plan For The Country: Gearing Up For Nuclear War,” https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/]
re-elected Trump would put nuc s programs on steroids , trash arms control and trigger new nuc programs in other nations seizing control mean most dramatic build up of nuc s since Reagan scope , pace , and cost proposals accelerate nuc arms race decline in security and increase global conflicts explode national debt cost tens of billions weapons unleash nuc winter and famine that destroy all civilization Project 2025 compel Russia , China , Iran , and No Ko to increase budgets , warfighting deployments Japan , So Ko and Germany pushed over nuc line withdrawals from arms control is central goals U S abandon commitment not to test other nations follow suit push U S onto precipice of expensive and destabilizing nuc confrontation |
014ae5d710f49fd3380b09d1055f07afbf580bf04d2187f1abdf4f180bb07743 | Doleski et al 22 | Decarbonization requires reducing emissions of all kinds
Doleski et al. 22 [Oliver D. Doleski, studied economics at the University of Munich; Thomas Kaiser; Michael Metzger; Stefan Niessen; and Sebastian Thiem; "Decarbonization as a Strategic Issue," 1-17-2022, SpringerLink, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-33330-0_1]
decarbonization contains de- ” in the sense of not refers to shift from carbon term describes reduction of emissions of all kinds large number of similar definitions differ in orientation common definition comes fr om IPCC process by which countries achieve a low-carbon economy activities and initiatives aim to achieve an economy that emits as little as possible encompasses all processes in which CO2 replaced by low-CO2 processes |
016fd01768f24a84f1b3eb88cedfc9807fff2c3c2d6d5d59d0f31a73ffe1c187 | rule of law and democracy | The EPA’s efforts solve international environmental challenges AND is a key pillar of the rule of law/democracy.
Yang 12 – Deputy General Counsel, United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency. (Tseming; Published: April 2012; "The Emerging Practice of Global Environmental Law"; Transnational Environmental Law 1, no. 1; Accessed: July 14, 2021; https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tevl1&div=10&id=&page=)//CYang
interconnection between the EPA other agencies and organizations entails domestic, international, and transnational work international dimension of environmental issues grown domestic enforcement first line of defence against challenges international cooperation is necessary to prevent national efforts environmental engagements advance cooperation and diplomacy generally EPA built relationships with other countries commitment to participation justice , and the rule of law resonates throughout the world and provides leadership stability enhanced and security is strengthened make pollution less likely to emerge OGC supported broader US engagements and leadership efforts globally , including EPA's interest in 'building stronger environmental legal structures efforts advance democratic governance and the rule of law worldwide |
043f9e31c8e7a8d0d12cfade6485fb5938b76e4eec6a8dfcbb4f0dcd1dfacd75 | Awrey 24 | States have no international banking influence.
Dan Awrey 24. Professor of Law at Cornell University. “Money and Federalism.” European Corporate Governance Institute. 7-2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4848952
apex of international finance makes sense for U S given financial stability implications stemming from assets out of reach of U.S. state regulators do not speak with one voice Nor represented on international bodies like Basel influence pales in comparison to Fed clear dividends from shifting regulation to fed states are not well-positioned lack toolkit resources to respond to instability |
040dff8a6ae8743b83924830ab47c1d07305ea0f5d0460279f41de9d0d8c59af | Racial capitalism is unsustainable | Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.
Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/
capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war |
01b6b914ab130962541a25fdbc611575fa94a65b5c8893f3be515b0b171ca4fb | Splintering of NATO inevitable | Multiple structural and philosophical disputes make a splintering of NATO inevitable
Bobby Ghosh 19, Columnist and Member of the Editorial Board at Bloomberg Opinion, Former Managing Editor of Quartz, “Trump Is The Least Of NATO's Problems”, Japan Times, 12/5/2019, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/12/05/commentary/world-commentary/trump-least-natos-problems/#.XscYnWhJHbE
NATO is in existential — trouble Trump didn’t change defense was stick fundamental problems bedevil These go beyond previous disunity NATO endured A reason NATO held is common threat But core members no longer agree Turkey is buying arms Trump cozying up Macron is ambivalent Nor is there consensus over terrorism , cyber and China Getting members to act require leadership Nothing suggest such is at hand |
0080bb10f907152ff06c19f68212de00fa83675fab40db3fcf07d9759fd7b20c | ICAO multilateral negotiations | ICAO objectively HATES unilateral measures—says mulilat is better—and unilateral causes confusion and undermines the organization itself UMN read yellow—also like why do we not have a single paragraph break in here?? Lets do better gang
Mayer and Ding 23 — Benoit Mayer is Professor of Climate Law at the School of Law at the University of Reading. Zhuoqi Ding is a PhD candidate @CUHKLaw Mayer, Benoit, and Zhuoqi Ding. "Climate change mitigation in the aviation sector: a critical overview of national and international initiatives." Transnational Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (2023): 14-41. //WMK
international stream has shortcomings which national action can help to address ICAO wish states reach agreement on mitigation via multilateral negotiations convened by the ICAO, rather than taking separate initiatives. ICAO reflects that unilateral measures offer a competitive advantage for national airlines or otherwise create a more complex regulatory environment national initiatives run the risk of merely displacing emissions they could even be counter-productive if passengers fly longer routes to evade carbon-pricing instruments. ICAO has a limited political capacity to initiate effective action placed growth before environment not advanced a long-term vision of the sector's decarbonization strategy appears mainly dilatory it was not until ETS ICAO agree to set up a global m b m policies that mitigat climate in aviation from international flights could improve aviation's climate efficiency that cannot be pursued unde ICAO ICAO distrust unilateral’ measures state's unilateral’ not promoting national interests at the expense of global interests carbon-pricing measures advance a global objective states retain significant regulatory space to implement measures jurisdictions have market power to set de facto global standards , on aircraft and implement carbon-pricing mechanisms in exercising global leadership They have diplomatic leverage to facilitate adoption of agreements national initiatives resulted in implementation of effective measure CORSIA limited aim to offset without addressing pre-existing emission levels constitute a red herrin need for far more effective action for decarbonization |
03b9e3c48032891dff114ba85fa1f67a7e3961fda911b7a264502f5c82aca9e2 | anti-Russia sentiment | Russia’s influence is dead.
Thomas de Waal 24. Senior Fellow at Carnegie Europe. "The End of the Near Abroad." Carnegie Europe. 5/16/2024. carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/05/the-end-of-the-near-abroad?lang=en¢er=europe
All post-Soviet states except Belarus sought to deter Russia by supporting Ukraine Ukraine has accentuated antipathy sentiments reflect a societal shift Russian has declined outside There is a turn away from Russian media |
02f885632e361f3cc42f12049219096f8f7b392e3308e05dfb67c8a060f6fa47 | vulnerable populations adapt | Climate realism solves the terminal impact.
Molly M. King 22. Santa Clara University, “Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate Justice”. King, M. M., & Gregg, M. A. (2022). Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice. Sociology Compass, 16(1), e12954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12954
environmental features constructed to neglect disadvantage people with disabilities Once vulnerabilities are identified relevant adaptive characteristics can be identified Identifying risks is useful to understand how disproportionately affected populations address vulnerability the critical realist model enhances our understanding of climate justice strating how vulnerable communities can adapt to climate change institutional transformation to reduce bodily, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities better information that leads accurate risk assessment policy actions support capacity and resilience. |
0432790ea1a0b32047019712b39ce096fcadf87aaccccba17ffbac6ba7e4067e | Jack Mintz carbon tax | The plan shreds the economy.
Jack Mintz 23, President’s Fellow of the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Financial Post, “Jack Mintz: Carbon taxes make the Bank of Canada’s job harder,” Financial Post, August 18, 2023, https://financialpost.com/opinion/carbon-taxes-bank-of-canada-job-harder, DOA: 9-25-24, JA
energy inflation lead to prolonged upside pressure on inflation carbon policies contribute to higher interest rates Monetary policy is focused on inflation expectations expectations that are above target push banks to raise rates energy price important part of transportation critical for every industry cause firms to raise prices to maintain profit and workers bargain for higher wages carbon price shocks become embedded in expectations a ri se in one percent resulted in prices to rise 0.2 taxes that were $50 added 0. 4 points to realized inflation |
00e85bcb5d8c009094928817e2c239885581daa603ecf2c466580c69b1dcd641 | chlorine destroys ozone | Chlorine gas catalyzes positive feedback loops which shatter the ozone layer.
Ozone Watch NASA 18. “What is the Ozone Hole.” Ozone Watch. 10/18/2018. https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole_SH.html
ozone hole is caused by chemicals in the atmosphere free chlorine participate in reactions that destroy ozone and return the atom unchanged reactions convert inactive chemicals into active forms especially chlorine gas A catalytic reaction allows a single chlorine to destroy thousands of ozone molecules |
043cf8b35a3e1cbb5dac63f702c66daa282353f258db2817b75c27b6c38bedde | adoption of clean energy tech | The link is cut and dry. 1AC Robyn, says
Dorothy Robyn 22, ITIF Center for Clean Energy Innovation and Boston University Institute for Global Sustainability, 8/15/2022, “Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation,” https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/
procurement represents a demand-pull tool encouraging innovation could facilitate the adoption and diffusion of clean energy tech more broadly |
02903b2dc043ef7e2738a5a900e01ad00ac4fb2e2e2885622a0e0f872005dc19 | glass remain scattered | It would give cause for intentional extinction AND if not, makes rebuilding inevitable.
Bostrom 19, Ph.D., Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford University, Founding Director of the Future of Humanity Institute (Nick Bostrom, 2019, “The Vulnerable World Hypothesis,” Global Policy, Vol. 10, No. 4, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)
Metal is synonymous with civilization glass remain scattered Batteries and magnets could be stashed away cities be destroyed by nihilists or folk who want to ‘ see what would happen ’ by nuclear fallout societies split into civil wars with nuc s , producing famine and pestilence Even then insight would be passed down generations If civilization began to rise from ashes knowledge would wait , ready as soon as people learned again to make glass and electric generators even if forgotten be rediscovered |
00f706c497e320ec297d0ce66d4e533555195278aef55d3ac04943dd7ae3344e | Interdependence doesn't prevent war | 5 – Interdependence doesn’t prevent war---countries continue to trade during conflict.
Leda Zimmerman 21, Writer, editor and communications strategist, citing a paper by Mariya Grinberg, assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Solving puzzles of international trade, war, and order,” MIT News, 10/29/21, https://news.mit.edu/2021/solving-puzzles-international-trade-war-order-mariya-grinberg-1029
trade could be conducted during conflict States do rational things The interdependence arg relies on the idea nations don’t trade during war the push is not toward less war but trad |
023f923169f744c0b37adba7773e089f1ce876df612585a224f80506c0682ed4 | Giorgos Kallis degrowth | No global spillover – Only engagement through international forums like the IMO solves!
Kallis ’15 [Giorgos; Feb; ICREA Research Professor at ICTA; “The Degrowth Alternative,” https://greattransition.org/publication/the-degrowth-alternatives]
engagement with governance absent from the discussions within degrowth global interdependence impossible for a country to undertake degrowth on its own entail substantial penalties from capital flight undermine the ability to pursue a quiet contraction on its own if a single country were to downscale global reduction of prices would follow |
029df67d532c7013bcbda928f14835a35f9253fdcd9760b10b00d9f2986a6838 | Federalism is key to democracy | Federalism is key to democracy
Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG
American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments |
041f6168be1da4f683df9cc7e7253addf1f45b3fd8a268981e93b9766db4d8ea | china corruption | It is a linear relationship---Decreased cooperation with the US leads to certain reliance on China.
de Araujo Baptista 21, Commander, Brazilian Navy. MA thesis, USMC Command and Staff College, Quantico, VA. (Alexandro, 04-15-2021, "The Influence of China in Brazil: How it can change military cooperation between Brazil and the United States", The United States Defense Technical Information Center, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1177924.pdf)
if the US chooses disengagement with L A countries that will encourage countries to become closer with China The risk for L A states is if they increase interdependence with China they increase unsustainable debts becoming dependent on the export of commodities increase corruption and fall short of international standards for the environment |
01f346df468964d147eaf2dd7473a0144e1e7d6cf73646c48d5932dc93108756 | slavery settler colonialism articulations | The alternative can link together slavery and settler colonialism, but we must attend to the different articulations of white liberal man and his Others. This is incompatible with their reading of antiblackness as transhistorical and teleological.
Lowe, ’15 – Distinguished Professor of English and Humanities, a faculty member of the Consortium of Studies in Race, Colonialism, and Diaspora, and Director of the Center for the Humanities at Tufts University; Lisa Lowe; The Intimacies of Four Continents; Duke University Press; pp. 1-8; 05-20-15; NC)
slave trade, East Indies and China trades all labored in the "new world fortunes created by slavery-based societies gave rise to French bourgeoisie , producing conditions for rights of man'' it is rare to discuss relationship between slavery and colonialism there is less that examines connections among histories of Asian, African indigenous Americas archives discourages links between colonialism and slave trade or conjunction of abolition of slavery and importing Asian indentured labor or East Indies and China trades and bourgeois Europe practices disrupt historical chronologies . This approach emphasizes relationality of peoples , that unsettles bounded frameworks genealogy is of colonial divisions of humanity tracking race gender as normative categories Elaborations of difference were not universal To investigate complex intersections of social difference We can link liberties with racial difference to subjects unfit for liberty at the margins Settlers represented indigenous as violent threats that rationalized white settlement and African slavery Colonial administrators cast Africans as property represented Chinese as diseased addicts distinct yet racial logics constituted emergent settler imperial imaginary coloniality" of history is not binary but rather temporalized differentiation |
016b9b4445fefba3af9d305900f8135518d9617c93d9426a0786224aad4f4207 | sanitize cover for Trump | It is a historic betrayal.
Schoenfeld ’24 [Gabriel; March 21; senior fellow at the Niskanen Center, is the author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law; Bulwark, “No, Trumpism Can’t Be Fused with Reaganism,” https://www.thebulwark.com/p/no-trumpism-cannot-be-fused-with-reaganism]
Kroenig Erecting sanitized cover for Trump by wrapping him in Reagan’s mantle is disgusting betrayal of history |
01696dee4ee2b8bedfbccbf5fd25283bcf00b3def3850c104e0283e3bb38d2e2 | Dharmic cosmology restructures Cartesian duality | Western Rationalist thought has posited salvation as achieving the rationalistic individual self, leading to a strict binary between the self and other, the root cause for imperialistic lashout. Vote affirmative for Dharmic Cosmology, restructuring of the Cartesian Duality that “fragments” community.
Shani ’22 [Giorgio Shani and Navnita Chadha Behera. Politics and International Relations, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan and 2 International Relations at the University of Delhi, India. “Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma”. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British International Studies Association. Published: 2021. Accessed: 8/21/2023]
distinction between ‘ self’ and other’ of Judeo-Christian cosmology basic unit the individual human differentiated Emancipation individuals become rational self-determining actors Individual identity buffered’ firm boundary between ‘ self’ and ‘ other’ alien to dharmic cosmology buffered’ self is disciplined’ permits distinction between private’ and public’ development of market economy and political institutions grounded on individual rights cosmologies where no firm distinction placed outside Dharma offers different every act , leaves trace in one’s self and those whom that act is directed psychological traces constitutes individuality Dharma acknowledges needs no self-other division Ideas cannot be universalised dharma leads to restructuring of self’ and ‘ other’ Agency cannot be rational autonomous Truth’ resides in recognising interconnected nature samāhita in every movement enhances worth of life Samāhita challenges separation characterising Western tradition dualism structured anarchy’ barbaric’ white and black’ othering’ reinforced implicit hierarchy universalised’ through imperialism fragmenting human identities turned into adharmic us’ versus ‘them’ a chain reaction of separation from fear to violence |
00e85bcb5d8c009094928817e2c239885581daa603ecf2c466580c69b1dcd641 | chlorine gas feedback loop | Chlorine gas catalyzes positive feedback loops which shatter the ozone layer.
Ozone Watch NASA 18. “What is the Ozone Hole.” Ozone Watch. 10/18/2018. https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole_SH.html
ozone hole is caused by chemicals in the atmosphere free chlorine participate in reactions that destroy ozone and return the atom unchanged reactions convert inactive chemicals into active forms especially chlorine gas A catalytic reaction allows a single chlorine to destroy thousands of ozone molecules |
02c7465a719cd5ac0e566838ae92e6e27eb16cfc193896f602432e3e1cb57bd6 | Stephen Quackenbush accidental war | The risk of accidental war defies all logic and evidence.
Dr. Stephen L. Quackenbush 23. Associate Professor of Political Science & Director of Defense and Strategic Studies at the University of Missouri, Former President of the International Studies Association – Midwest, Former S3 Operations Officer in the United States Army, Ph.D. in Political Science from the State University of New York, Buffalo, “The Problem with Accidental War,” 2023, Conflict Management and Peace Science, p. 10-11, [italics in original]
a divide between accidental war in models and lit central is that something inadvertent results in war purely by chance , without choice no cases correspond no war is accidental mistaken warning about incomplete info only way for monitoring to affect likelihood is making info complete Info can affect the likelihood leaders choose war , but will not affect war from chance Incomplete info is already accounted for both logic and evidence contradict accidental war |
025ae364b28d6daa9521693eb1540ace9b1efadd4b41bfac31bb4cd8a6223e06 | Toby Dalton 21 | Revenue shortfalls cause nuclear selloffs---leads to prolif, nuke terror, and Middle East war.
Toby Dalton 21, PhD, MA, co-director and a senior fellow of the Nuclear Policy Program @ Carnegie, 4/15/2021, "The Most Urgent North Korean Nuclear Threat Isn’t What You Think", Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/04/15/most-urgent-north-korean-nuclear-threat-isn-t-what-you-think-pub-84335
No Ko is increasingly reliant on cyber attacks to generate revenue The most likely outgrowth of No Ko ’s need for cash is an increase in other dangerous behavior No Ko ’s prolif rap sheet is long Pakistan Egypt Libya Yemen Syria No Ko is not known to have transferred sensitive nuclear tech missiles weapon designs, equipment or tech or materials increasingly desperate for cash Kim could risk sales to the Mid East including terrorist s Israel would take preemptive action Israel regularly carries out strikes in Syria No Ko prolif yields a new nuclear state or catalyzes a wider conflict in the Mid East |
026d914a134047db0a05a6fe3783b60d20c4dac7977a626cc9da4fd2a3c26288 | dollar's strong valuation | 4. Dollar strong now---global macroeconomic divergence and growth
Goldman Sachs ’24, “Why the US dollar is likely to stay ‘stronger for longer’”, https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/why-the-dollar-is-likely-to-stay-stronger-longer, June 6, 2024, DA: 9/14/24, DMurph
the US currency at essentially the same level in 12 months limited prospects for global, macroeconomic divergence and the continued solid growth by the US economy we will continue to live in a strong US dollar Any erosion in the dollar’s strong valuation will likely be gradual |
03fff9329c0c125022766fe1c465490311a2c80ec8b4f91353d82d9add47c63a | banks risk management framework | All major global banks are diversifying.
Sarah LIGHT Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton AND Christina SKINNER Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton ’21 BANKS AND CLIMATE GOVERNANCE 121 COLUM. L. REV. 1895 p. 1936-1937
many institutions have adopted Equator Principles a risk management framework to address environmental impact 118 institutions in thirty-seven countries most large , internationally active banks examine their portfolio and decline certain projects or engage in mitigation |
02e0b02977f53d8eb7b19d9d51cbacbfca0c2f1ee98670a626747f29ae4f5d8b | displaces pragmatic solutions | Reject structural frames---it homogenizes black life AND displaces pragmatic solutions that challenge anti-blackness.
Kline ’17 [David; 2017; lecturer at the University of Tennessee, Ph.D. from Rice University; Critical Philosophy of Race, “The Pragmatics of Resistance: Framing Anti-Blackness and the Limits of Political Ontology,” vol. 5, no. 1, p. 51-69]
prioritization of political onto structure short-circuits analysis of power that reveal how racial positioning is thought and resisted in differing socio-political contexts. To the extent that Blackness equals a singular position there is no room to bring in spectrum of social difference and contingency that spans across Black identity and resisting practices sole frame flattens social difference of 35 million Black people flattening rigidly delimits legitimate political resistance there is not much room for strategizing or imagining resistance to anti-Blackness that is not limited to radically apocalyptic political violence there more pragmatic practices of resistance that should count as genuine resistance insistence on absolute priority revert to negative theological and eschatological blank horizon result is discounting and devaluing of pragmatic resistance |
02ad0c5c296418d50640e9125716600c9ff309b961da1ba8a2cbadaa0868e512 | cut-off exports world war | Chinese chokepoints trigger World War III.
Anthony ’21 [Sebastian; 2021; Editor of Ars Technica UK at Condé Nast, ExtremeTech's Senior Editor, Owner of SA Holdings, Columnist at Tecca, Engineering at the University of Essex; Extreme Tech, “Rare Earth Crisis: Innovate, or be Crushed by China,” http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/111029-rare-earth-crisis-innovate-or-be-crushed-by-china]
This results in massively skewed production and geopolitical troubles The doomsday event is cut-off exports countries are stockpiling it’ll be too little too late due to geochemistry, there’s no guarantee explorers will find as tech grows advanced reliance increases combined with a hotting cyber front , it’s not hard to see this devolve into World War III |
01987527165fc3e96fc068c88832bf79dbd5476dedf0206664ccf5b4dd7a788d | Value to life subjective | Value to life is inevitable and subjective – their assertions are the only scenario for negative value
Schwartz, et al 2 Lisa, Lecturer in Philosophy of Medicine, Department of General Practice, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Paul Preece, Theme Coordinator of Medical Ethics, Dundee Medical School, Ninewells, Dundee, UK; and Rob Hendry, Medical Advisor, Medical & Dental Defense Union of Scotland, Mackintosh House, Glasgow, UK, Medical Ethics: A Case-Based Approach, p. 112, November 2002 /GoGreen!
determination of value of life is a subjective determination to be made by the person experiencing that life decisions based on quality lack information To ignore judgement is to violate the deontological imperative we must treat persons as ends in themselves. |
03acf7abf7a4cb755db7000aa3e171533c16c59faad07e8d1f3a57ccfb7eab8f | Legislative standing is well-established | Legislative standing is well-established.
Strand ’22 [Mark and Tim Lang; September 1; President of the Congressional Institute, M.A. in Legislative Affairs from George Washington University; Research Director at the Congressional Institute, A.B. in History from Georgetown University; Congressional Institute, “Student Loans, Congress, and Standing: How the House Can Sue the Biden Administration,” https://www.congressionalinstitute.org/2022/09/01/student-loans-congress-standing/]
Congress’s power is at stake the House as a body has standing to authorize a suit According to Doctrine ,” the House is an institution and not Members In Burwell while individual s did not have standing it could not deny the entire House suffered injury The Court agreed with Congress generally mid-term s yielded a Dem House the Court of Appeals ruled House So House standing has been used by both parties |
01ae635aeb8165d1b0839edf1e7a9e0ef9f4bc6ca9f5831735a423078cbc7668 | extreme weather policy responses | Abrupt policy responses are inevitable this decade.
Creon Butler. 23. Leads the Global Economy and Finance Programme at Chatham House, served in the UK Cabinet Office as director for international economic affairs in the National Security Secretariat and G7/G20 ‘sous sherpa’, and holds an MSc in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics from the London School of Economics. “Climate change threatens to cause the next economic mega-shock”. Chatham House. 7-20-23. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2023/07/climate-change-threatens-cause-next-economic-mega-shock
faced with extreme weather experienced this summer public opinion in key countries start demanding more radical action from gov s resulting in extraordinary measures involve closure of entire industries political developments trigger more pessimistic reassessment of climate risk. foolhardy to predict precisely when scenario take effect financial markets embed developments several years ahead shock realistic possibility over next five years |
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