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0126539be40bebd5f3608329aa82a199a84d1167455ec8c8679a1d689285df04 | NATO Russia nuclear confrontation | That goes nuclear.
Maavak ’21 [Mathew; 2021; Ph.D. in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council; Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?,” vol. 9]
a Second Depression will have implications for security couplings enabled risks in one area to snowball Economic stressors induce geopolitical realignments with U S and China ripples will be felt Think of debt-laden workforce at nuclear and chemical plants with a surge in accidents catalyst behind WWII was Depression history repeats itself Balloon effects include Iran war ; US-China confrontation over Taiwan or S C S Korean prolif India-Pak nuclear war or nuclear confrontation between NATO and Russia |
01a4f5379c4bb5dfefc183da42981aa4a0197e874d7011a72da8e23d8d40dded | Michael Shellenberger | No impact on food
Shellenberger 19 – Michael, Founder and President of Environmental Progress and Co-Founder of the Breakthrough Institute.
claims of crop failure ’s sci fi Humans produce enough for 10 billion people scientific bodies predict increases not declines research does not indicate a link between food insecurity and conflict Many countries face food price or resource shocks without conflict factors determining resilience are whether food insecurity is combined with other stresses it would be too simplistic to suggest it was the primary driver |
0465e11c191c0142bce535edbd62659aca94f8cdbed535e29c13e4215ac39da2 | seize hospitals and logistical networks | The 1AC’s reactive, poetic, and anti-statist approach to ‘militant ecology’ locks in a dictatorship of the proletariat.
Heron & Dean 20 (Kai Heron, editor at ROAR Magazine. Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges. “Revolution or Ruin.” E-Flux. Journal #110 - June 2020. https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335242/revolution-or-ruin/ //shree)
we avoid pure negation and critical affirmation revolutions need dialectics Rather than joining parties in capitulating and wallowing following betrayal the climate crisis demands state-led centrally planned global response these learned from failures of Occupy It is not enough to suspend Taking responsibility means organizing in the “dictatorship of proletariat.” to seize the state a state-phobic turn opts for ruin as revolution without considering association necessary many do not comply the state Failing to seize hospitals and logistical networks results in death Absent a state how is a just response possible Should we assume it spontaneously emerge that will be equally distributed The issue isn’t the state It’s the class wielding power |
010eaca13ca3e31389c7b1a2640874b4ade1eb3075fb7b527e2c6a97e623916c | Ecosocialism for Realists | Attention to the concrete details of different political strategies is necessary. We should pay attention to how effective and realistic a strategy is, not merely whether an idea is good in the abstract.
Michael J. Albert 23, lecturer in International Relations at SOAS University of London, 28 July 2022, “Ecosocialism for Realists: Transitions, Trade-Offs, and Authoritarian Dangers,” Capitalism Nature Socialism, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 12-27, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10455752.2022.2106578.
Ecosocialists demonstrate capitalism is incapable of resolving climate crises they devote little attention to how ecosocialist transitions take place theory limited by utopian tendency Contemporary ecosocialists particularly degrowth produce idealistic visions with little analysis of dynamics that enable these visions to be realized we need a more “ realist approach that brings systematic attention to transition pathways conditions that make them attainable in the time-frame needed utopianism creati inspiring yet detached proposals with no analysis of how we get from here to there developing plausible scenarios that guide concrete praxis is one key challenge for ecosocialists lest we be guided by leaps of faith with minimal grounding A useful step is the Green New Deal a transitional platform that works with current tendencies and create longer-term conditions for more radical transitions Given intransigence of emissions-intensive consumption practices in a context of rising rightwing populism how might degrowth win popular majorities the project is nowhere near the support it needs a more measured utopianism” that highlights limits more capable of inspiring belief in new worlds . We won’t get utopia but we will witness dramatic changes proactive anticipation is essential , lest we find ourselves |
02bd443fb061e6429a69d1aafea7bb540b0c0848ff7253cf92b874f7bb13b80f | Nuclear colonialism foundational to nation state | Their overfocus on flashpoints of violence and the fear of a Trump nuclear war ignores that nuclear colonialism is foundational to the nation state
Cornum 18 (Lou Cornum, diasporic two-spirit Navajo Diné, PhD candidate in English at CUNY Graduate Center, senior editor of The New Inquiry, member of the editorial collective for LIES: a journal of materialist feminism, June 2018, “The Irradiated International,” https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ii-web.pdf) gz
The panic of a nuclear push notification creeps along my skin too but there’s something off in the hysteria that accompanies nuke news compared to the decades the US spent sowing apocalyptic destruction with no need for A-bombs The weapon of mass destruction is the very notion of nation itself Canada Australia Russia China The United States These nations mining the most uranium connected by histories of competing empires and lines of radioactive commerce There is no reversal to take away the death and slow death already enacted by leaky waste and test site winds The irradiated international are everywhere linking this uncollected collective is the invisible power of radiation made otherwise There must be a way to think about earth land and being that would make nuclear weapons impossible Fred Moten, who grew up near the Nevada test site wonders what “complex disarticulations of space and subjectivity are possible beyond the “spatial obsessions of empire” how to claim land without slipping into property and borders, so the irradiated international can protect themselves without reproducing harm a rearticulation of the invisible lines of radiation might take back the world Revolutionary subjects are containers of energy Decolonization is a reorganization of matter a science of inquiry might note as indigenous peoples globally have done, the presence of radiated yellow dirt but chose a different relationship than extraction a science fit to a world we can live more than a halflife in nomadic science seeking wonders and posing problems, outside the state, outside sovereign categories These projects speak with the irradiated international against a science that studies how to kill hoard and manage such that others live longer only to die more alone We must think outside the limits of what you can care for Imagine a solidarity not solid But diffuse More than one southwest tribe had prophecies about the yellow rock that these see-ers knew would be dug up and laid in lethal planetary designs |
0451a11d0dbf0cd3e9f3a96caa2069a4b3dff43d768c6773617e6457dcd67ef4 | Compacts national significance | Compacts have been the cornerstone of energy policy.
Kevin J. Heron 85 (J.D., 1983, The National Law Center, George Washington University; B.S. in Economics, 1980, Villanova University; Staff Attorney, Pacific Legal Foundation. “The Interstate Compact in Transition: From Cooperative State Action to Congressionally Coerced Agreements” Fall 1985 https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2049&context=lawreview)//conway
1930's, compacts with relative frequency assume national significance . The Compact for Parolees had a nationwide membership . the Oil Compact , essentially the precursor to energy conservation efforts participation by all states |
01b66a7244badcd5dbd660abc5221fc71f57710887a65bdf24486d97d4e60df7 | We are the fed | We’re the Fed!
Bryan Hamerschlag JD Candidate @ UT ’22 A "Green New Fed": How the Federal Reserve's Existing Legal Powers Could Allow It to Take Action on Climate Change, 100 TEX. L. REV. 577 p. 584-585
The Federal Reserve is the government-operated bank for banks The Federal Reserve System is an agency within the U.S. government it falls under the Executive Yancy must stay alert to the fact that a common culture, or shared experiences of having the same language, is not a sufficient condition for claiming there exists, among African Americans , some common ontology this very premise grounds Yancy's notion about how African American language is foundational to the construction of a new metaphilosophy only on the presupposition that the African American community is socially homogeneous can it plausibly be argued that African Americans all share the same ontology there is no plausible warranting for the belief that all African Americans share a common ontology vindicationism neglects a very important aspect of the historical dialectic of African American culture There is more to African American history than resistance to oppression not all African Americans sang the spirituals with an eye to joining the Underground Railroad the failure of Prosser's Vesey's, and Turner's slave insurrections were due in part to other slaves that were more loyal to Massa than liberation The idea that social ontology and identity among African Americans, past and present, are preeminently the same for all is the sort of reductionism that flattens out the cultural, social, political, and ideological landscape called African American culture . black reason risks essentializing blackness . It particularizes by turning it into a concrete form of black essence Blackness becomes a unique intrinsic property that all black people share like a blood type and cordage that binds them all together Is this not the very narrative against which centuries of struggle have been waged this idea homogenizes, generalizes or universalizes blackness as a common experience shared by all black people can we say that black reason is the same in the USA, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and all the way to Zimbabwe? Blackness is a fragmented notion that is now difficult to piece together into one single homogeneous experience Mbembe has the tendency to make free-flowing assertions that are left hanging in the air, sometimes dense and cryptic, where the reader itches for them to be pricked with his critical pin slaves’ history – like all human history – was made not only by what was done to them but also by what they did for themselves rich, positive black ontology forms a significant part of black reason and is a story that is also worth telling, not simply as an adjunct to the story of woes . |
012ef882f5816b63df889935e5f00e40cd21c6a21d9e927fbeb8225bb63171d4 | Settler colonialism is psychoanalysis | Independently, we’ll win that settler colonialism can only be explained by psychoanalysis---that means you can vote NEG on presumption because the AFF challenges the wrong structure, any link turns case because it proves they invest back in the logic of colonialism, and it’s try-or-die for the alternative---settler colonialism and terra nullius is motivated as a response to lack.
Scott Kouri & Hans Skott-Myhre ‘15 (“Catastrophe: a transversal mapping of colonialism and settler subjectivity,” Settler Colonial Studies, DOI: 10.1080/2201473X.2015.1061967 )
If we misapprehend and misconstrue, through repression and denial, key constitutive events that compose us affectively through our interactions with others, then the ways in we become subjectified are significantly impoverished abstract accounts of colonial history sanitizes the actual corporeal encounters between bodies . Settler colonialism is principally about remapping the land and deploying imperial institutions and policies that forcibly erase Indigenous presence, traditions, and life from such maps and from the land itself. Canada and the USA, as settler colonial states, were predicated on the discourse of terra nullius, empty land This absence or lack , in Freudian/Lacanian terms, constitutes the land as the feminine and is at the heart of the dialectics of desire that utilizes the anxiety of absence to generate the imaginary and the symbolic Producing a new subject within a new world required symbolically castrating the old world order If there is no terra nullius , then there is no escape into a utopic future through the murder of the father |
02ad0c5c296418d50640e9125716600c9ff309b961da1ba8a2cbadaa0868e512 | Anthony 21 | Chinese chokepoints trigger World War III.
Anthony ’21 [Sebastian; 2021; Editor of Ars Technica UK at Condé Nast, ExtremeTech's Senior Editor, Owner of SA Holdings, Columnist at Tecca, Engineering at the University of Essex; Extreme Tech, “Rare Earth Crisis: Innovate, or be Crushed by China,” http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/111029-rare-earth-crisis-innovate-or-be-crushed-by-china]
This results in massively skewed production and geopolitical troubles The doomsday event is cut-off exports countries are stockpiling it’ll be too little too late due to geochemistry, there’s no guarantee explorers will find as tech grows advanced reliance increases combined with a hotting cyber front , it’s not hard to see this devolve into World War III |
0398bced2c993d1916f5226c4abf606927fb0dae8dfcdac1fe6efc8e16f2ed49 | Brookings carbon price | 3. The plan preserves global competitiveness – otherwise, the US loses the green transition.
Dr. Sanjay Patnaik and Kelly Kennedy 21. Director of the Center on Regulation and Markets, Bernard L. Schwartz Chair in Economic Policy Development, and Senior Fellow in Economic Studies, all Brookings; Fellow, Initiative for Sustainable Energy Policy, Johns Hopkins University; Doctorate, Harvard University. Senior research assistant, Center on Regulation and Markets, Brookings. “Why the US should establish a carbon price either through reconciliation or other legislation.” Brookings. Oct. 7, 2021. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-the-us-should-establish-a-carbon-price-either-through-reconciliation-or-other-legislation/.
a carbon price prepare firms for global transitions Globally shift toward low-carbon is inevitable the sooner companies transition the more competitive A carbon price will help U.S. companies lead industries that will become the lynchpin of the global economy |
014229d8901b92e71b57bc3652e0867660929caa3eed8b28bfe814da082cb46e | Dollar is resilient | 5. Dollar is resilient.
Joseph POLITANO Financial Management Analyst @ Bureau of Labor Statistics 3-26-22 https://apricitas.substack.com/p/sanctions-on-russia-wont-end-the?r=lllv0&s=r&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&utm_source=direct
The internet runs on negative news financial world is no exception The US dollar will continue reign doesn’t get clicks 2020 recessions were tougher challenges for the dollar after each the dollar emerged as more sought-after . The British Pound is instructive it took two world wars for America to become reserve issuer |
00a764277bae88fd7d9ca38ce5005a81b64171ccf4483732bac588cc86cc8ef3 | corn causes cow disease | Feeding farm animals corn is a revolting manifestation of anthropocentrism and creates a rupture in nature
Pollan 2006, Michael (Michael Pollan is the Lewis K. Chan Arts Lecturer at Harvard University, and director of the Knight Program in Science and Environmental Journalism at UC Berkeley. He holds a bachelor’s from Oxford University, masters in English from Columbia University, an honorary doctorate from the University of Gastronomic Science, and was an 2022-2024 Guggenheim Fellow.)
corn violates the biological or evolutionary logic of bovine digestion Most health problems that afflict feedlot cattle can be traced to their diet . They’re made to eat forage and we’re making them eat grain Bloat is most serious thing wrong with a ruminant on corn The rumen presses against the animal’s lungs Unless action is taken (usually by forcing a hose down the animal’s esophagus), the animal suffocates corn can also give a cow acidosis Corn caus a kind of bovine heartburn that can kill the animal Acidotic animals go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively, paw and scratch their bellies, and eat dirt. The condition can lead to diarrhea, ulcers, bloat, rumenitis, liver disease, and a general weakening of the immune system that leaves the animal vulnerable to the full panoply of feedlot diseases—pneumonia, coccidiosis, enterotoxemia, feedlot polio. feedlot diets would eventually “blow out their livers” and kill them acids eat away at the rumen wall, allowing bacteria to enter the animal’s bloodstream they form abscesses and impair the liver’s function Between 15 percent and 30 percent of feedlot cows are found at slaughter to have abscessed livers figure runs as high as 70 percent. |
040ac22bac352dc1c2f9fd5ad8ee50a21dc35fd16687cc8ed12090f9eb6e17ac | utility allows homophobia xenophobia | The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.
Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937
prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility |
03b4fd29cbb0d9f08c099b267108dd4e856b5434df454a7a4898a61e6f1271b1 | Ord 20 | Nuclear winter is survivable
Ord 20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy, trustee of the Centre for Effective Altruism; “The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity,” Part Two, Section 4: Anthropogenic Risks; Hachette Books, ISBN: 978-0-316-48491-6]
nuclear winter Would it be existential ? there would be food production crops are cold-tolerant or farming in tropics fishing greenhouses , and algae unlikely to lead to extinction . No researchers say it would extinction was exaggeration Southern Hemisphere, it’s nuclear free lots of fish and sheep you would survive avoid nuclear winter with institutions ) intact |
0086fe4ca3509afa6c8899f72c895c6ceeee63b5d58fc50ab60b9442387ffb29 | Karlsson 21 | 5. The alt causes backlash and transition wars and flips the environment impact.
Karlsson 21 – (Rasmus, "Learning in the Anthropocene" Soc. Sci. 10, no. 6: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060233 18 June 2021)// gcd
pre-modern societies were Experiencing scarcity conflict negative emission SRM will stabilize temperatures limiting warming will require industrial society behavioral change overlooks lack of public consent countries committed to growth would gain military advantage tech solve problems breakthroughs in bio hold the key late-capitalist affluence enabled postmaterial identities hobby farming collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence retreating from the economy slowi innovation Without trade scarcities exacerbated waning of war fact there has not been nuclear exchange vindicate optimistic reading |
0086df87e03c858346140ccb6d3d57d3cb17928ee60663b168827911d36c387e | Zopeful climate ltd | Decarbonization means EVERYWHERE.
Zopeful Climate Ltd., 2024, "Decarbonization Definition", CLIMATE DICTIONARY, https://zopeful.com/climate-dictionary/decarbonization
Decarbonization is disconnecting all the things from creating carbon emissions. It is the process to stop emitting Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere. like oil, coal Decarbonization means reducing and then eliminating the associated carbon emissions in everything |
01cc54c692758e52d3e129f862a9141d33789e24b973fb3b6f615c1a21f52066 | downscaling production and consumption | Green capitalist realism constrains political possibility – challenging hegemonic ideology is literally try or die.
Buller 22, MSc, Senior Fellow at Common Wealth. (Adrienne, “Between the devil and the deep blue sea: should we accept green capitalist solutions?” in The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism, p. 278-280, Manchester University Press)
green cap reflects an entrenched cultural sense of what is possible Received common sense is growth ‘lifts all boats’ even when lifting toward catastrophe Market economics hold a monopoly over what is deemed ‘utopian’ The implication is market solutions engage with the world as it is. they don’t there is much about the world they wilfully ignore evidence suggests addressing environmental breakdown require direct downscaling of production and consumption Perhaps this is utopian But amidst a planetary crisis it shouldn’t be We cling to what exists because we can no longer imagine an alternative The time is long overdue for imagining |
02147ce0afe93324c2cd161021b8872a9a71a5b23352f879a31e97b4616bb5b0 | natural gas transition fuel | This is NOT a definition---Tomain’s consciously, arbitrarily, over-limiting because he’s not intending to define what the term means generally, but outlining his particular preferred vision for policy---for example, why should all Affs have to advocate natural gas as a transition fuel?---the proof is when he says his actual “definition” is clarified in two full chapters of his book (which, FYI, does NOT use the phrase “clean energy policy”, just rants for a while about his preferences)
Tomain 12 [Joseph P. Tomain, Dean Emeritus and the Wilbert & Helen Ziegler Professor of Law, University of Cincinnati College of Law, “The Politics of Clean Energy: Moving Beyond the Beltway,” San Diego Journal of Climate and Energy Law, 3(1), 2012, https://digital.sandiego.edu/jcel/vol3/iss1/10/]
For the purposes of this article Of course, this is neither nuanced nor comprehensive It is intentionally ambiguous, for example, about nuclear power For a more detailed and comprehensive description of clean energy policy, see chs. 3–4 |
00b7570293c08209ae5000bba9bc4a3329b7c8314258620cccd36fd943d6b2e6 | Banning fracking dissipates methane | Banning fracking instantly dissipates methane from the atmosphere---that stops the world from reaching 2-degrees.
Howarth ’19 [Robert; Professor of Ecology and Environmental Biology at Cornell University; 8-14-2019; New Study: Fracking prompts global spike in atmospheric methane; https://www.egu.eu/news/506/new-study-fracking-prompts-global-spike-in-atmospheric-methane/; DOA: 8-16-2024; Archan Sen]
fracking increased its share of global gas production and released methane two-thirds of production has been in the U S the composition changed biological sources have a low carbon-13 content compared to fossil fuels Carbon emitted influence the climate for centuries the atmosphere responds quickly to methane Reducing methane now can provide an instant way to slow global warming and keep the planet well below a 2-degree rise If we stop methane It goes away quickly It’s the low-hanging fruit to slow warming |
010687ce9d48950d024799e567ea1c21b6825b68a252bc7874da86c983ce1621 | Deese 2024 | 4—Green U.S. leadership revitalizes the liberal order
Deese ‘24 [Brian Deese is an American economic and political advisor who was the 13th director of the National Economic Council, serving under President Joe Biden. "The Case for a Clean Energy Marshall Plan", Foreign Affairs https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/case-clean-energy-marshall-plan-deese published 8-20-2024, accessed 10-5-2024]
institutions teetering China growing . dynamics creating friction across supply chain clean energy most important greatest opportunity U S chance to lead. to shape outcomes. I R A first step for accelerating energy transition Now is the time to take leadership global emerging markets need cheap tech to transition U S Putting industries center will generate innovation and growth. creating global markets for its own industries scale gains and strengthen support for fracturing world order |
02c1cb8a4547a447ed493eabfc5d4d15efb2c7535f004477a93bc2ef147ac231 | spectrality form of transition | Spectrality hijacks perception as a tool of reality enforcement to generate trans livability
Montgomery 24, (Montgomery, Westley. "Becoming Spectral: Phantasmagorias of Late Capitalism and Trans Desubjectivity in Hyper-pop." Transgender Studies Quarterly 11.2 (2024): 370-384.)G$
perception i s a subjectifying force bringing to presence the imperceptible or unperceivable networks of perception in which subjects are born, identities are carved and bodies come to be bodies , spectrality is a form of transition, a becoming forged in the collective communal refusal of the encounter, a violence to end all violence under late capital the body is the primary site of projection the thing between subjects its own phantasmagoria we no longer have the option to extinguish the lantern in order to reinstantiate the relationships between alienated subjects . Discourse surrounding representation has often focused on visibility as primarily visual and an inherent good perception i s a technology of subjectivization perception is a more complicated socioperceptual phenomenon than is captured by identity audibility is inseparable in the sense of representation as a means of perceptual sense-making Representation expressed solely through visibility as a metric conjures limited record of how trans subjectivities produce and are produced by the multisensate fields of meaning in which they operate Reading the conditions of trans life through processes of subjectivization may amplify voices that resonate above and beneath our current range of hearing “perceive me on my terms, and at your own risk.” |
0328ecb9bfff4c0c61e8c2d51bfdda4ac11958254c13915837a48094171ad634 | Pep Canadell 24 | Methane key.
Pep Canadell 24. Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Environment; Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO. “Methane emissions are at new highs. It could put us on a dangerous climate path.” https://theconversation.com/methane-emissions-are-at-new-highs-it-could-put-us-on-a-dangerous-climate-path-237809#:~:text=Methane%20is%20not%20slowing&text=Since%20then%2C%20however%2C%20methane%20has,is%20constantly%20being%20broken%20down.
humans have supercharged methane only short-term levers to slow the rate of climate change Although human activities emit less methane 80 times as effective as CO ₂ in trapping heat methane rapidly mixes carbon dioxide is a much more stable molecule combination of short lifespan and extreme potency make methane an excellent candidate for efforts to rapidly tackle climate change |
01bf8b461ce9404898913e612dc03d4e6b83b34bf7e49d0032f50d542893eb6f | US emissions can't solve | Can’t solve.
Stein and Royal 21, *Policy Advisor at The Heartland Institute, **MPP, writer for The National Interest (*Ronald Stein, **Todd Royal, 2021, “Introduction,” in ‘Clean’ Energy Exploitations: Helping Citizens Understand the Environmental and Humanity Abuses that Support ‘Clean’ Energy, Archway Publishing, University of Kansas Libraries, ILL)
U S largest economy in history every person , animal , or anything that causes emissions could vanish or even die and emissions will still explode over population and economic growth of China , India , and Africa emissions from the 7.8 billion will rise |
01f5465727e85c0a2086139cfa5f703f4af65e76c87e4a135d0f5ca80e6e1504 | State of Netherlands | ‘Adopt’ is agent agnostic.
Ann A. Scott Timmer 20. Vice Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of Arizona. “The State of the Netherlands V. MD Helicopters, INC.” December 2020. https://cases.justia.com/arizona/supreme-court/2020-cv-20-0112-pr.pdf?ts=1609349421
If legislature intended to restrict law to legislative enactments adopt would add nothing courts “adopt ” rules common law executive agencies “adopt” rules and regulations |
03d8133169535eafdd8e2ab3c9036781126b005cc5aae4c6bcc2e74aa47cdd97 | stashwick 23 | It's used in context of the resolution by advocates.
Stashwick 23, Sasha Stashwick, 5-9-2023, Carbon180, ["Now is the time to lean in on federal procurement of carbon removal", https://carbon180.org/blog/now-is-the-time-to-lean-in-on-federal-procurement-of-carbon-removal/, accessed 9-11-2024]rrf
Climate advocates are clearer than ever that action to slash pollution we must complement with programs to remove legacy carbon from the atmosphere For fifteen years, I’ve advocated for clean energy policy , most recently focused on decarbonizing the US industrial sector |
042fef96c229b8b0baf4270a829d6595e2bffb899b37ecea769ed58fe6332c2c | cascading failures grid | The US electrical grid is resilient.
Rick Cragg 24. Project manager at Fossil Consulting Services. Technical consultant to utility, independent power, and government clients in the areas of fossil/cogeneration/hydropower plant training need assessments, design, development, and implementation, and auditing. “Is the US Electrical Grid Safe?” 1/8/24. https://www.fossilconsulting.com/blog/safety/is-the-us-electrical-grid-safe/.
The US grid is extremely large comprises over 6,400 power plants over 450,000 miles of transmission Recently attacks in Washington and North Carolina have become more of a concern It is not feasible to take down the whole grid infrastructure designed to stop cascading failures that take down the grid size is a protection . The chance of one event removing power from country is very small. |
005663c770e0efd1946dae0d1e0253eb62cfbfc95edc2b6c407326950a13e2b5 | optimal climate policy mix | Duval is an old OECD working papers. Inserted.
Görlach ’13 [Benjamin Görlach; February 2013; environmental economist and Senior Fellow with Ecologic Institute, formerly worked at the German Emissions Trading Authority at the Federal Environment Agency, MA international economic studies, University of Maastricht; , Berlinl Ecologic Institute, “What constitutes an optimal climate policy mix? Defining the concept of optimality, including political and legal framework conditions,” CECILIA2050 Deliverable 1.1]
Duval 2008 Working Paper OECD |
03b040a0f905f00bf9cb72b463b7b3bada7d1512cbbe09ecaa7d8557c891740b | stranded assets buildings | 17. That report says buildings are the largest stranded asset---that’s an alt cause because the plan’s only energy
IREA 17 (International Renewable Energy Agency, “Stranded Assets and Renewables: How the energy transition affects the value of energy reserves, buildings, and capital stock,” https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Jul/IRENA_REmap_Stranded_assets_and_renewables_2017.pdf)
The sector that experiences the largest stranding is buildings with 10 trln stranded low turnover rate of buildings means assets buildings with inefficient equipment cannot be avoided especially in the U S |
0277938d1d0efd474424e168b2eb1bd3d3894c7f1dafd7d8d92d46d2132ccfd9 | disability studies colonialism | Sidelining the impact of hunger and resource deprivation is colonial scholarship that we must reject.
Meekosha 11 (Helen, School of Social Sciences and International Relations, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia “Decolonising disability: thinking and acting globally” Disability & Society, 26:6, 667-682)
to situate disability in a global context a fundamental change contemporary disability studies constitutes scholarly colonialism , and needs to be re-thought taking account of the 400 million disabled people in the global South Impaired people are ‘produced’ in violence and war that is provoked by the North , in the struggle over economic resources impairments as a result of war calls for a global perspective by disability scholars that incorporates the role of the global North making alliances for an end to global violence U S largest economy in history every person , animal , or anything that causes emissions could vanish or even die and emissions will still explode over population and economic growth of China , India , and Africa emissions from the 7.8 billion will rise degrowth impossible in the real world that leaders would persuade those in poverty to remain or convince vast majority to permanently reduce incomes would be political death To believe otherwise would be messianic faith in supernatural persuasion if Jesus could not convince everyone give up their possessions it is unlikely degrowthers will It is a contortion of reason to argue a carbon tax is infeasible but deliberate recession is not Some say we must reduce consumption! Wishful thinking will not get us out this mess 3 billion have meager electricity . They will burn oil gas , dung , or anything they can get their hands on , to produce energy Energy demand will double this century energy is only viable option for replacing fossil fuels anti-cap revolution no party has slightest chance of power could only be by a global dictator that is unrealistic Suppose growth did cease emissions would fall only 40 percent would not solve climate to achieve zero eliminate all energy But it would require reversal of all welfare devastating well-being and political stability preindustrial world was Undernourishment and starvation Over centuries , the population in destitution fell to 10 percent radical alternative is dystopian solution come only from tech that eliminates g h g s top-down control will never know what is in everybody’s head markets adjust incentives Russia turned out a more predatory state On the way millions were killed must do our best with greed the perfect eco human is a delusion |
00227d7fb3075d7d169791828b2326b95bcd3eb1f96064865f247ec442e65a3e | Matt McFarland | Artificial trees scale up and pull in emissions
McFarland 16 [Matt McFarland, January 12, 2016, “Could artificial trees be part of the climate change solution?,” The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jan/12/artificial-trees-fight-climate-change]
Artificial trees are a great hope against climate change absorb carbon funding is a challenge one square kilo metre could remove 4m tons of carbon a year tech is 1,000 times as effective as trees removing carbon dioxide for 100 a tonn |
042df21df0fb9322ef2eff8e76038e6e81ce89997612b8fab306fff199d97d76 | US military tech superiority | Technology is critical to retaining deterrence in an uncertain military era.
Jim Talent et al 19, Senior Fellow, Bipartisan Policy Center, Former U.S. Senator (R-MO), Robert O. Work, Distinguished Senior Fellow, Center for a New American Security, Former Deputy Secretary of Defense, 12/3/19, "The Contest for Innovation: Strengthening America’s National Security Innovation Base in an Era of Strategic Competition", Report of the Task Force on 21st-Century National Security Technology and Workforce, The Ronald Reagan Institute, https://www.reaganfoundation.org/media/355297/the_contest_for_innovation_report.pdf
U S competition will revolve around tech superiority between The outcome will determine whether a free and open system will remain Russia and China seeks to reestablish global power to weaken the U S alliances China’s challenging the U S in every region of the world. the mission is to deter a great-power war and, if deterrence fails, to prevent escalation An important key is military–tech superiority . the conventional overmatch the U S has relied upon is eroding If this continues deterrence will fail, leaving the U S to face armed conflict |
00e2656f16f1e02c80baa6611d6efeac8ba8817281a4d0c1f6374575b4899b15 | AI and nuclear early warning | Integration’s a necessity.
Kaur ’24 [Silky; March 4; Ph.D. from Jawaharlal University in Diplomacy and Disarmament, Associate Fellow at the Center for Air Power Studies; The Equation, “Artificial Intelligence and the Evolving Landscape of Nuclear Strategy,” https://blog.ucsusa.org/science-blogger/artificial-intelligence-and-the-evolving-landscape-of-nuclear-strategy/#:~:text=Effect%20of%20AI%20on%20nuclear%20deterrence&text=Some%20experts%20speculate%20that%20integrating,facilitating%20rapid%20decision%2Dmaking%20processes]
AI enhance deterrence by early warning c and c and decision-making AI could analyz data to detect threats quickly integration is necessity for detection and ensuring effective response |
039b774bc42e9ea866d816b8155b23dc1ba04229598ab6ca27713b6f1217e1ed | legal nature of carbon credits | 3---the legal possibility of non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty---markets want CFTC
McQuhae 23 [Ben McQuhae, industry leading commercial lawyer in sustainable finance and environmental markets, Hong Kong representative of the United Nations Financial Centres for Sustainability network, more than 25 years of legal experience, LLB (hons) Law, University of Exeter, “The Legal Nature of Carbon Credits,” 3-15-2023, https://bmcquhae.com/en/2023/03/15/the-legal-nature-of-carbon-credits/]
due to that states may establish their own laws different legal treatment in states can complicate matters increasingly pose a challenge to a liquid VCM view among market s that should be futures regulated by CFTC |
02f24a3a1499f0874acf120786ae49848c0d6ea1caf43e773c8afb534c42cd46 | China no global leadership | Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose.
Tonchev 22 – Plamen Tonchev (Head of the Asia Unit at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece.) “2 Major Traps on China’s Path to Global Leadership” The Diplomat. September 01, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/2-major-traps-on-chinas-path-to-global-leadership/
There are major obstacles China will have to get over slowdown should not be attributed to COVID The pandemic exacerbated structural deficiencies China is reeling under excessive debt, caused by misallocation of capital real estate bubble may be the most serious crisis in the past 40 years aging population will sap future growth coupled with low educational attainment total factor productivity has been steadily declining Chinese authorities efforts are falling flat |
00df099afe26b244310768fe6595d90cf94ea294eed5d2da1ec45409a68975a8 | zone of death | The impact is overkill. ‘Case outweighs’ is wholly unresponsive when the queer subject exists in a zone of death.
Stanley ’21 [Eric; Haas Distinguished Chair in LGBT Equity, Associate Professor in the Department of Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of California, Berkeley; Duke University Press, “Atmospheres of Violence: Structuring Antagonism and the Trans/Queer Ungovernable,” Ch. 2]
Overkill indicate excessive violence pushes a body beyond death temporality of violence when the heart stops yet the killing is not finished the aim is the ending of trans/queer life utility of violence gives way to pleasure if Lauryn Paige was dead after first stab what do the remaining fifty signify panic defense explanation for overkill understanding nothingness trans/queer life threat so unimaginable one is forced to push dead out of history human names rights bearing subjects trans/queer inhabits compromised personhood the zone of death axiomatic threat to human negation , through inclusive exclusion Overkill calculated gratuitous force vicious acts held as an indictment of social worlds which they are ambassadors |
02cd9ae9731dc133f59e2917f324a51ffaf49edc7ebf65e590190d00e726e6b1 | Harris voters health care | She’s avoiding climate messaging now to create room for economic messaging
Siegel 24 – reporter, POLITICO
Harris has not spent much time discussing climate change in her campaign despite the hundreds of billions in dollars the Biden administration devoted Harris is likely to focus on grocery price gouging as part of the economic platform as well as slashing other costs that are plaguing voters , such as housing and health care. |
031c502490f90cc421a99ee972629a2385fd75c42d2021966233fe24609bb5ef | food buying power | No food wars.
Vestby et al. 18 – Jonas, Doctoral Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Ida Rudolfsen, doctoral researcher at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University and PRIO, and Halvard Buhaug, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research and Political Geography. “Does hunger cause conflict?”, https://blogs.prio.org/ClimateAndConflict/2018/05/does-hunger-cause-conflict/, 05-18-2018
little scholarly merit that a reduction food increases probability conflict break out. to start conflict requires means and will people on the brink of starvation are not in the position to resort widespread misapprehension social unrest in periods of high prices relates to shortages sources of discontent are more complex political structures , land corruption democratic reforms and economic problems A question of importance is whether results are robust to short time periods Conceivably, an ag supply response could take years Strikingly using shorter poverty episodes makes no substantial difference to the point estimates This suggests higher prices reduce poverty, even in the short run. urban poverty results from people fleeing rural deprivation many conflicts that threaten global stability have origins in extreme poverty supermarkets engage in competition by lowering prices, reducing pay to suppliers who cut workers’ pay The idea that low food prices will reduce the hunger problem is flawed since the main reason for people being hungry is that they cannot afford the food they need , even when prices are low . Rather than shielding consumers from a full price let prices rise and increase the food buying power of the poor higher prices can be passed back to all in the food production chain, They offer the best market-driven option for cutting rural poverty and hunger |
0148c37d3bff4f004739faccce761b5d15ef610a9e0e4dd3bd84d499b5825500 | bleak and terrorstruck climate change | It is try or die for students to develop solution oriented modes of politics. Preventing warming from continuing unabated is an ethical gateway issue
Levine 23 (Caroline Levine is a professor of humanities at Cornell University. 10/17/23, The Activist Humanist: Form and Method in the Climate Crisis, Princeton University Press)//SHP
students feel bleak and terrorstruck climate change defeats them overwhelmed by the prospect of dismantling structures students fall back on their own actions cannot imagine working at a scale larger than individual decision making which is the scale of isolation and hopelessness no models of effective political action thinkers urge us to open ourselves to possibilities undo ideas resist imperatives unlearn illusion s This leads to powerlessness scholars moving between longings for a “wholesale dismantling and embrace of “the minor gesture Caught between gloom and actions too insubstantial humanists move to mourning actively reinforcing withdrawal from the public sphere there is a whole register missing between global revolution and the small-scale act the scale of collective life . Politics is the work of living in common decisions about space time power and resources it is true institutions are corrupt But can it be that our only option is to refuse action and accede to extinction? Climate change is magnifying the suffering of the most vulnerable To allow it to unfold is to acquiesce to violence on a scale, more immense than all past genocides. |
03c19107e57977ee36f1a7f8f07afdb47edcac01fa5e064c8d780db8cec398d3 | SCC climate change extinction | Second, the SCC is conceptually incompatible with extinction from climate change, which cannot be valued in a calculation of the marginal damage from CO2. The aff’s price will be too low to avoid catastrophe.
Martin L. Weitzman 12, professor of economics at Harvard, “GHG Targets As Insurance Against Catastrophic Climate Damages,” 2012, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/weitzman/files/ghgtargetsinsuranceagainst.pdf
economic analysis might be very sensitive to the fatness of tails seemingly modest changes have very big welfare consequences which depend upon barely knowable assumptions the standard quadratic damages function cannot register , and will not react to catastrophic climate change an optimal policy will not get alarmed by high values of GHG and inevitably will recommend mild mitigation the damages function never allows the model to get far from median values real situations have unlimited exposure due to catastrophic reach |
039a71ae12299f4f0ecbb23f48cb6378a0dcba249402dca424eb68227c09c0c9 | Pakistanis confident world won't let collapse | Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.
Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistanis-confident-the-world-wont-let-a-nuclear-state-collapse-they-forget-soviet-union/1011544/) *Title inserted in first line.
Pakistanis confident world won’t let a nuclear state collapse forget Soviet Union run out of money been in a boom-bust cycle every three years deep problems have never been addressed . Governments kick the can down the road The standard procedure during crisis is to get breathing space go hat in hand to Saudi The problem is easy money is no longer available Saudis imposed stiff conditions It is clear without rescue , Pakistan will default and become a Sri Lanka crisis on steroids |
03264e8f6c1bf94ae302e0d8acd2d6ff420d74e0d450974b6c24cc6eb5a2ebaf | Asia nuclear crisis | 2. ASIAN PROLIF.
Cimbala ’23 [Stephen and Adam Lowther; June 2023; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Penn State University; Ph.D. from the University of Alabama, Director of Research and Education at the Louisiana Tech Research Institute; Springer, “Nuclear Danger in Asia: Arms Races or Stability?” p. 266-280]
Unstable c and c over nuc s could be joined to nationalist hostility Leaders will have objectives less road tested against accidental or deliberate escalation Asia misperceive they are under attack based on deficient indicators or mistake s Hostile powers employ first use against allies combination of nuclear and cyber create escalation into a nuclear crisis |
0261661f80e10a8286c5951a24260971b60d0fee9de3a13bbb756adae27e68ec | Frederick van der Ploeg 21 | 2. Disorderly Transition. The plan’s “policy tipping” through the requirement for mitigation uniquely causes a view that the underlying capital stock is useless. That triggers green paradox and turns the case.
Frederick van der Ploeg 21. Department of Economics, University of Oxford, “Carbon pricing under uncertainty”, International Tax and Public Finance 28, no. 5 (2021): 1122-1142.
A disorderly transition can cause havoc in financial markets sudden climate policy policy tipping unanticipated future change in conditions affects profitability of fossil fuel assets and costly to shift around the underlying capital stocks asset value turn negative ahead of anticipated useful life assets suffer from unanticipated or premature write-offs unanticipated credible announcement of future climate policy leads to green paradox effects fossil fuel is pumped up more vigorously and warming accelerates Not much happened to share prices after Paris agreement suggests investors attached little credibility to promises made an uncertain arrival time generates a “run on oil which leads to falls in the spot price and market valuation of companies and higher temperatures A carbon bubble might occur |
00ce4a6deaeff9e17cda88f20c7871b0eb481ac551ba6947d37745c9e6d61c67 | Povilas Groudis 17 | Taxation replicates the plan sans legal blowback---presumption.
Povilas Groudis 17. Ph.D. and Lecturer at Vilnius University Faculty of Law, Attorney, JD in Law from Vilnius University; Doctoral Dissertation at Vilnius University. ““Tax Norms as a Regulatory Tool of Credit Institutions’ Activities.” Vilnius University. June 8, 2017. http://talpykla.elaba.lt/elaba-fedora/objects/elaba:22914651/datastreams/MAIN/content
Regulatory tax laws are suitable While making decisions economic arguments prevail regulation of economic conditions rather than classifying behaviour as illegal allow legislator to regulate decision making Regulation by tax laws, unlike prohibitions ensur lower forced regulation decreasing risk of legal conflicts tax laws allow achieving the same effect as administrative orders , however price of error will be lower than prohibitions |
046207010110548ff34f60e2625a8b9c50a6acd111aa388adca2337e0beeafaa | equity-based assessment | Public trust solves extinction.
Deslatte ’20 [Aaron Deslatte; associate professor at Indiana University, researching the role public managers play in enhancing economic, environmental and social sustainability; 7-13-2020; Sage Journals; "The Erosion of Trust During a Global Pandemic and How Public Administrators Should Counter It"; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0275074020941676; PT]
COVID exposed weaknesses citizens have been poorly served by public officials with career incentives to avoid risks must advance a equity-based assessment administrators are the planners on the front lines of future existential crises For the sake democracy public administrators need to regain the people’s trust Problems with organizing a response fueled sweeping judgments of responding to existential challenges social capital We will need it more than ever in coming years |
038fa1fab7f78d1a9edab00fa2a95e6ade214be016924488717bbc8716995b3a | corporate energy transition | That is energy colonialism – claims to its inevitability sanction genocide.
Contreras 23, *Department of Sociology, University of Granada, **Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Granada, ***Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, ****Centre for Sámi Studies, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway (*Josefa Sánchez Contreras, **Alberto Matarán Ruiz, ***Alvaro Campos-Celador, ****Eva Maria Fjellheim, 2023, “Energy Colonialism: A Category to Analyse the Corporate Energy Transition in the Global South and North,” Land 2023, 12, 1241. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/6/1241) rose
the corporate energy transition is built on accumulation via dispossession renewable infrastructure increases the extraction of minerals but also the privatisation of land and public services renewable megaprojects exacerbates colonial relations DESERTEC proposed renewable energies in Africa to be consumed in Europe inequalities unfold through land grabbing and dispossession. biocultural destruction and dismantling of communal goods. Unequal distribution of costs and benefits is intrinsic since the negative impacts are concentrated in sacrifice zones while the profits go to distant places. This is legitimised by neoliberal discourses who promote a corporate energy transition |
029d97e76999d59d01f115c812c5e9159b2549407c81c6dc603dfebdaaa273b6 | oversupplied market balance | Norway Solves.
Carbon, 6/12 – Carbon Management and ETS Compliance organization. (Carlton Carbon, 6-12-2024, "LNG Availability and EU Elections Keep EU ETS Allowances Flat", Maritime Executive, https://maritime-executive.com/corporate/lng-availability-and-eu-elections-keep-eu-ets-allowances-flat)//Neo
EU allowances showing gas-driven rally running out of steam rebound in Norwegian production relieves energy supply fears reminders of a fundamentally oversupplied market balance The cumulative effect of net-excess allowance sales can’t be ignored We remain sceptical of lasting recovery |
01f834fecbb78a38d9302b80b37e8d8d4782f3c122662aced64aa23cf5ec9b6c | stashwick bioenergy bad | 2---The link alone turns warming---bioenergy is a net-increase in emissions and lost sequestration.
Stashwick 21 [Sasha Stashwick, Sami Yassa, Nathanael Greene, October 2021. Natural Resources Defense Council “A BAD BIOMASS BET WHY THE LEADING APPROACH TO BIOMASS ENERGY WITH CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE ISN’T CARBON NEGATIVE” https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/bad-biomass-bet-beccs-ib.pdf Accessed 8.8.2024///mosuQ]
maintaining current sequestered carbon is not enough All pathways to address climate involve enhancing forest carbon sinks . bioenergy does not even maintain sequestration leads to a net shift of carbon that lasts for decades. Forgone sequestration is a significant source of emissions we must immediately reduce emissions biopower would do the opposite biopower leads to 370 kg of forgone sequestration natural gas emits 360 |
02446fde4bbdd0d8531c567963202ef1a45041d9214799a50b953396d0432feb | nuclear small role china | BUT China can’t overtake the market - especially because China is a net-importer with nuclear as a very small part of their energy economy
Gross 25 [Samantha Gross is a Energy Security and Climate Fellow for Brookings. “How do China and America think about the energy transition?.” 1-13-25. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-do-china-and-america-think-about-the-energy-transition/#chinas-investments-have-made-it-a-leader-in-new-energy-products GMU NR]
The U S and China differ considerably in how they power their economies Resource availability is a key reason China is a net importer carry over to electricity generation an opposing trend is in play China is investing heavily in renewable generation to reduce dependence difference is that nuclear plays a small role in China’s system China has been large leader in renewable energy was the main driver in 50% increase in installations India’s so po are not abundant cultural influence pales to the West and Chinese institutions and fo po mitigated perceptions India has done a poor job lifting its population out of poverty institutions are rife with corruption and nepotism . India has not pursued types of cooperative policies required India has been a spoiler on trade nonprolif and intervention these point to major obstacles |
0034ccb3ac2b683446221be96fca2cc99f184f52322fe31838f59d3448d3b9cf | electoral college climate change | Harris is running from liberal climate policy. That’s key to attract the few hundred thousand votes that actually matter.
Gongloff 8-12-2024, Bloomberg Opinion editor and columnist covering climate change, previously worked for Fortune.com, the Huffington Post and the Wall Street Journal. (Mark, Bloomberg, https://archive.ph/Shb9s#selection-1391.0-1410.0)
Why Doesn’t Harris Talk About Climate Change? climate You won’t hear much about it Politicians want votes don’t talk about climate change Harris doesn’t mention it This reticence is notable elections aren’t decided by popular majorities Thanks to the Electoral College the White House is chosen by a couple of football stadiums’ worth of voters in a handful of states the tipping-point is Pennsylvania which happens to be a significant producer of natural gas and coal |
02fb92320954802009adc71decd81f7706d03719ff96067ace7bc8060c19d25d | globalization isn't going anywhere | Trade is resilient and companies easily adapt.
Lincicome 23, Vice President of General Economics at Cato’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, J.D., University of Virginia School of Law (Scott Lincicome, September 12, 2023, “Globalization Isn’t Going Anywhere,” CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere#)
skeptics missed nuance because they understood globalization as a straight-line of trade instead of a changing web of actors doing business daily In reality, corporations are always balancing risk and adapting when factors change (which they regularly do ). supply shocks are as old as production itself seasoned pro s did not simply abandon trade when COVID and Ukraine hit . They adjusted . non-friendly countries alleviated bottlenecks even after massive shocks , business today is very global . just different rocks on shores proven incapable stopping ocean of globalization |
031edbb3abc37f798e3c22818784fe2b54547443599af97faa7c60989c4f41ad | A before mass noun | B — A before a mass noun means single type
AHD 92 – American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 1992 (Third Edition) p. 1
Used before a mass noun to indicate a single type or example |
03deac932affc9aa94b1d4d000a760935dec8ffa9c8852570ad04290d35179de | No econ decline impact | No econ decline impact.
Stephen M. Walt 20. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. “Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?” 5/13/20. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/
not even extraordinary economic conditions impact likelihood of war the U S suffered 40 recessions 20 wars, most unrelated to the economy . if recessions were a cause of war, they would have predicted “nine out of the last five No matter what country’s economic condition might be leaders will not go to war unless reasonable probability of success . primary motivation for war is desire for security, not economic gain. Even large, lasting negative effects on the world economy not likely to affect probability of war |
016cccd56de1672f3d66ebd258d1ee6d0752a6633d3e727ec5628a4f5337e614 | Teed 23 | The 1ACs calls for abolition reify carceral institutions---vote NEG to reject it.
Patrick Teed ‘23, PhD candidate in York University’s Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought, “Whiter Abolition?”, Differences, Volume 34, Number 2, doi:10.1215/10407391-10713805, September 2023, DMurph
abolition became a household provocation mainstream ideas signaling an engagement with abolition were as conceptually incoherent they unimaginative explicitly reactionary abolition functions as a semantic repository for a competing field of desires and political orientations, rather than naming a “radical recon - figuration of justice, the carceral state abolition has become synonymous with extension of carceral power contemporary abolitionism relies upon a violent historiography that only subtends historiographical engagements with slavery but also structures the conditions of possibility mobilizations of abolition operate through disavowal of slavery’s ongoingness insistence on and focalization reveals political-libidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness repeating the ruse of emancipation while deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics |
0189801e6ecb6cdb7c3b6ee88ab0173bd21405a9783ca23e0fcb509a1ca69a0e | carbon tax bad | 2] Taxes Turn – increasing taxes on carbon devastates the US economy at every level
Lewis ‘21 [Marlo Lewis Jr. holds a Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University and a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Claremont McKenna College, “Why Carbon Taxes Are Anti-Growth, Anti-Consumer, and Politically Dangerous for Conservatives,” 12-1-21, https://cei.org/studies/why-carbon-taxes-are-anti-growth-anti-consumer-and-politically-dangerous-for-conservatives/]
Carbon tax costs exceed benefits $300 have severe impacts : Cause fall of 1.2 million jobs Reduce income by $8,000 Reduce GDP and Increase expenditures the cost 11 percent of GDP a “modest” tax scare investors banks shun businesses lack value A death spira easily capital and credit stock fall, discourages investors companies hit with suits and indictments claiming defraud by overpricing adverse publicity restrict access to capital |
021a4f4cd6e9b40ef9f10bee983261e6ab1c6abe145b4078441028bd53a32fde | Trump hurts clean tech | 3. Trump economic policy makes green finance impossible, guaranteeing bubbles.
Demarais 24 [Agathe Demarais, senior policy fellow on geoeconomics at the European Council on Foreign Relations, columnist at Foreign Policy, master’s degrees from Sciences Po Paris and Columbia University, “Why China Is Rooting for Trump,” 02-07-24, Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/02/07/china-trump-biden-us-presidential-election-2024/]
battle for influence against China for access to materials crucial for green energy transition , such as cobalt , copper and nickel Trump not help convince economies disparaged as “ shithole countries ”—to supply materials mineral-rich states fear promises have little value Trump’s disdain curbs on immigration , and rhetoric will not break the ice clean tech spared from export controls , but Trump would change this including renewable and battery tech Deprived of markets, U.S. firms have fewer revenues and forced to slash r n d Chinese businesses surpass U.S. firms developing next gen U.S. clean tech retrenchment help China influence standards |
0301caadda54553b47d5013d83f7e77d68fefd1f2deb969bb6dcd95c46954a78 | Alternative community formation fails | “Alternative community formation” fails. Only targeted government action reworks current societal structures to challenge anti-black relations of power, rectify injustices, and combat climate change.
Mintz-Woo 24 – Tenured lecturer in the Department of Philosophy and Environmental Research Institute Associate at University College Cork. M.A. in Philosophy, Public Health, and Economics.
maximizing frameworks is not appropriate when discussing climate policy due to immediacy justice-constrained policy choice is high risk carbon pricing might seem unsatisfying or visionless However this is not the case with climate climate change requires urgent action outcomes have potential to be disastrous they already caus massive harms delayed action is inefficacious action fundamental changes would be too slow it can be difficult when coalitions set broad agendas It is much easier to unite in favor of something narrow we do not have the time for complex frameworks that are aimed at addressing many social ills |
03c8cf6b77648c856961fce68cab8c7c2c73a0b0c52111b3134577b463cae6fb | CP not a tax | The CP is functionally identical to the plan but isn’t a tax---it competes and revives Chevron deference.
Elliott ’19 [E. Donald; Professor of Law at Yale University and former EPA Assistant Administrator and General Counsel; 2019; EPA’s Existing Authority to Impose a Carbon “Tax”; https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/Faculty/elliott.epa_carbon_fee.article_2019_09_49.10919.pdf; DOA: 06-05-2024; Archan Sen]
EPA could impose a carbon “tax” because a charge for carbon is technically not a tax, but rather a “ user fee .” EPA has been laboring under the misimpression that it may not impose an emission charge This conclusion is based on a opinion by the present author my opinion has been reiterated by several generations but the conclusion is wrong the purpose was to encourage economic incentive under broad Chevron authority , “if a statute does not explicitly preclude incentive EPA has the legal authority all agencies have been granted to charge user fees and keep the money The same Court that holds that agencies may not impose taxes also holds that agencies do have authority to impose user fees An extensive legal literature exists on the difference between taxes and user fees . According to the best article the essence is that “[a] user fee is a price charged for a product it controls,” whereas a tax is intended to benefit the citizenry Justice Douglas explained A fee is incident to a voluntary act one of the “ objectives ” of user fees is efficient allocation the government “controls the product it is allowing the polluter the public’s air for waste disposal and the polluter is engaged in the voluntary act of polluting a fee based on the full social costs of pollution could be sustained as a user fee rather than a tax emission charges should take their rightful place in EPA’s toolbox of instruments |
00b5d0d31621687ebd9b110d6637d44c097a3676d27327fa5d6fe467ca99b494 | Sullivan 4 | That destroys resistance.
Sullivan 4, Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Penn State University (Shannon Sullivan, 2004, “White World-Traveling,” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 18.4)
Opening up world to white philosophers result in destruction of a valuable point of resistance to racism . Because dominance is forced to travel to white worlds and wants to preserve a small space that is free of white people and issues of racism |
0086fe4ca3509afa6c8899f72c895c6ceeee63b5d58fc50ab60b9442387ffb29 | Alt causes backlash | 5. The alt causes backlash and transition wars and flips the environment impact.
Karlsson 21 – (Rasmus, "Learning in the Anthropocene" Soc. Sci. 10, no. 6: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060233 18 June 2021)// gcd
pre-modern societies were Experiencing scarcity conflict negative emission SRM will stabilize temperatures limiting warming will require industrial society behavioral change overlooks lack of public consent countries committed to growth would gain military advantage tech solve problems breakthroughs in bio hold the key late-capitalist affluence enabled postmaterial identities hobby farming collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence retreating from the economy slowi innovation Without trade scarcities exacerbated waning of war fact there has not been nuclear exchange vindicate optimistic reading |
026f631c44953a2425fc864201b9adde7dfbfdee0b2dc7af048c668f5b5c17b0 | carbon price lobbyists | 4---Not even corporate cronyism can impede plan solvency.
Chun 21, Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University (Steven Chun, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/)
price matters If don’t set it high because lobbyists had their way, you don’t see emissions reductions but studies show even lower prices have large effects . Another key is every year the price goes up , and even if you started low you eased into a price exceeding a hundred |
026b2ac86240adcf7a7f4154305d6f4e27951f834de4c60f5f230167a881c057 | subsidies tax breaks loopholes | Subsidy repeal unlimits.
Osaka 21, reporter @ Grist. (Shannon, 1-28-2021, "Biden is canceling fossil fuel subsidies. But he can't end them all.," Grist, https://grist.org/politics/biden-is-eliminating-fossil-fuel-subsidies-but-he-cant-end-them-all/)
not everyone agrees on what counts as a fossil subsidy and what doesn’t Subsidies aren’t checks from the government They take tax breaks loopholes or anything that gives a industry a leg up . |
03b9450c2f3d5479a0dab1d0bae010f6fda924913373dba226fce264419673dd | Milesi-Ferretti 22 | Turns trade. Fractures the dollar.
Milesi-Ferretti ’22, Gian Maria; April 8; Senior Fellow at the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy @ Brookings Institution; Foreign Affairs, “Will Fighting Inflation in America Cause a Debt Crisis Abroad?;” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2022-04-08/will-fighting-inflation-america-cause-debt-crisis-abroad;
rising rates raise cost of borrowing dollars debt repayment more expensive dollar is backbone Fed have outsized effect on other countries . hikes raise cost of imports markets expect inflation will abate if rate hikes rapid and sharp international repercussions severe trigger widespread debt crisis face calamitous contractions |
01f3c2bb01f3e383b1e915e25730a01d055907a58c698445107c224d75813af4 | China won’t inevitably deploy geoengineering | China won’t inevitably deploy geoengineering.
Young 23, Researcher at the University of Leeds (Danielle N. Young, 2023, “Considering stratospheric aerosol injections beyond an environmental frame: The intelligible ‘emergency’ techno-fix and preemptive security,” European Journal of International Security, Vol. 8, pp. 262–280, University of Kansas Libraries, Pro Quest)
China has a history of weather modification However has shown more interest in afforestation and reluctance to explore SRM in addition to political challenges if it engaged with India and Australia China have enough agreement climate is a problem to mobilise impactful but less dangerous interventions |
0217d0e6c2b9fa8a82bf50f99769962a4037a002b5f6b1438274eadbbbfed35d | Climate policy impact oil investment | It's existential to oil.
Bogmans et al. 23 (Christian Bogmans is an economist in the IMF's Research Department (Commodities Unit). Andrea Pescatori is Chief of the Commodities Unit in the Research Department of the IMF and associate editor of the Journal of Money Credit and Banking. Ervin Prifti is a Senior Economist with the Research Department of the International Monetary Fund working on issues of food security and agricultural commodity markets. “The Impact of Climate Policy on Oil and Gas Investment” 6/30/23 https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2023/06/30/The-Impact-of-Climate-Policy-on-Oil-and-Gas-Investment-Evidence-from-Firm-Level-Data-535491)//conway
moving away from fossil fuels is compli- cated by energy investment and decisions This poses a transition risk for most oil companies existential downside risk a substantial fall in revenues and value of assets exposure to climate policy leads to reduction in investment with a typical shock in uncertainty upstream fell 6.5 percent as a result of a strengthening pledges and announcements. |
03ed9ada88739ef83462c425bc838bc15d67b712f82ed1e6c866f6c89af7e3f1 | federal action is key | Federal action is key. States can’t impose border tariffs necessary for climate clubs.
Nick Martin and Dr. Jeroen van den Bergh 19. Joint European Master in Environmental Studies - Cities & Sustainability, ICTA-UAB and Technische Universität Hamburg. Endowed Professor, Faculty of Science, Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; PhD, Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “A multi-level climate club with national and sub-national members: theory and application to US states.” Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12. 2019. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5045/meta.
Climate clubs discussions assume national actors membership could be sub-national Nevertheless sub-national governments are unlikely capable of imposing trade barriers on imports it is doubtful states within the U S could legally impose trade restrictions on other countries Article 1 section 10 prevents states imposing on foreign countries unless permitted by Congress Such actions have proven difficult and seem very unlikely by the current legislative branch |
022269bf9640e6b6b80cbc30b79b05a3565b34f23117702c7a00b3946f0963db | Psychoanalytic drive theory is wrong | Psychoanalytic drive theory is wrong---studies of localized human brain lesions and animal self-stimulus prove
Watt 12, senior clinical Neuropsychologist at the Boston University School of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (Douglas, “Theoretical challenges in the conceptualization of motivation in neuroscience: Implications for the bridging of neuroscience and psychoanalysis”, pg 85-108)
work on motivation received major impetus from localized electrical brain stimulation, which found animals selfstimulate ventral tegmental area this generates a positive state, described as hopefulness consummatory pleasure may not require ventral tegmental dopamine systems while anticipatory excitement clearly does there is no simple motivational ‘ centre ’ in the brain) as it appears after injury to structures psychoanalysis has been hampered by its allegiance to outdated drive theory Freud had no access neuroscience. A reworking of psychoanalysis, away from drive theory (which does not conceptualize social connection needs would bring psychoanalysis into register with neuroscience drive-discharge’ models cannot do justice to complexity where prototype emotions operate, as behavioural involve more complex aims attachment theory has supplanted drive theory, psychoanalysis needs to incorporate multiple prototype /affective systems. to with empirical work on neural substrates there were two large clusters of emotional systems, not ‘Eros’ and ‘Thanatos’, it was the protection of the organism versus systems that tied organisms together for a shared purpose Eros but not Thanatos |
040ac22bac352dc1c2f9fd5ad8ee50a21dc35fd16687cc8ed12090f9eb6e17ac | instrumental reason queer lives | The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.
Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937
prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility |
012bec7a67c1955b48f57b407df55a8c999b19098fec9c7f5843e6c3c80b56d6 | Ivan Ozai | 7---DIFFERENTIATED BCAS. A differentiated BCA solves offsets and any regressive tax impacts on other countries
Ozai ’22 (Ivan, Fire Lord, also tax law professor based in Canada. His scholarly work focuses on the intersection of tax law with legal theory and political philosophy, “Designing an Equitable Border Carbon Adjustment Mechanism”, Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, 2022, https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3874&context=scholarly_works, [SG])
alternative design options a differential BCA applies according levels of development a uniform BCA applies to all countries A differential BCA reduce power asymmetries and enhance bargaining efficiency constraining opportunism in the negotiation of tariff concessions to avoid favouritism or discrimination, a differential BCA based on transparent and justified criteria A uniform BCA would penalize developing countries |
021b8320788182271e0507b9619c261cc574b717d02e71d4e92d89c96ce168e5 | macro transformation solves necropolitics | 2---Macro-level transformation is a prerequisite to solving necropolitics---micropolitics fails and turns their impact
Airewele 15 (Peyi, Professor of International Relations & Comparative Studies and Carnegie Fellow at the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Covenant University, “THE END OF POLITICS? RECLAIMING HUMANITY IN AN AGE OF BIOPOWER AND NECROPOLITICS,” Covenant University Public Lecture Series, Vol. 4, No. 2, March 2015, p. 33—35, http://covenantuniversity.edu.ng/content/download/35623/245151/file/40th+Public+Lecture.pdf)
dilemma with necropolitics is that even as we protest it We ignore how deeply we are invested in it seeking reform is a first step to recognizing complicity we must continue to mobilize debate and seek ethical leaders at a collective level we must birth new modes of life This is the ultimate challenge to necropolitics genuine commitment to protect human dignity and generate progressive social relations Despite context of violence we are surrounded by those who deploy a politics of life to challenge decay breaking free of the legacies of necropolitics creating models of the future and re-establishing a national framework for lasting change Necropolitics will not vanish focus on transformation that recognizes limitations of one individual and the capacity of the state to coopt and constrain solo idealists progressive institutions must seize on innovative ways to create socio-political change |
0246b8a848bb198bc617ece0acfeeee874e59b1236c6cbd15a01c5a727e90739 | monocropping threaten food security | Overuse of synthetic fertilizers and soil-destroying agriculture practices guarantee food insecurity; we are on a 60-year clock for global food collapse.
Melville, 20
soil nutrients are declining Nitrogen stores decreased 42 phosphorus 27 and sulfur 33 percent calcium iron riboflavin and vitamin C were all lower toxic minerals like lead have increased Current ag is destroying soil at 1,000 times the rate at which it can be replenished we have only 60 years left of harvests modern farms require massive amounts of synthetic fertilizers to grow crops Fifty percent or more leaches into the environment Many farms grow one single crop This depletes the soil of nutrients and contributes to soil carbon loss farms should include legumes, perennial crops, and forages to prevent erosion and replenish nutrient levels monocropping threaten food security With a single crop on millions of acres one disease could wipe out an entire food system tilling releases g h g Pesticides can destroy microbial populations in soil Fertilizers, monoculture, tilling, pesticides, and mismanaged grazing increases g h g |
034e8b9b7ba54d56b8a3f0b784cc36efdce169b9a5367f80c19b0cfb251bd2c3 | CT environmental protection EPA | EPA assistance solves.
Calder Jack 15 is a CEO of Growth Wise, former research assistant and B.A. from the University of Chicago. “Administration of a U.S. Carbon Tax” March 1st, 2015. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9781138825369/ch003.xml DOA: 1/17/25 Rslish.
It should be straightforward for IRS to administer tax on emissions payable by a thousand taxpayers with easy-to-measure base, and not require resources skills staff integrated into normal administration Extending for CCS or land use attach to agencies that had technical knowledge a CT would have environmental protection objectives the EPA have oversight input with regard to IRS administration better carried out by EPA other department There would be cooperation between the Treasury IRS and EPA |
0156ba9b17b37a8179db8acf3d3330e0b0a92acea635695189a083d8faba8cf1 | marvel afrofuturism bad | Citation of killmonger turns the aff—allies them with black panther afrofuturism, ensures that the radical potential of the aff fades in time for Marvel’s next film
Canavan 18, Gerry---associate professor of 20th and 21st century literature at Marquette University (“The Limits of Black Panther's Afrofuturism,” Frieze, February 27, 2018, accessed September 9, 2019, https://frieze.com/article/limits-black-panthers-afrofuturism)
the strange temporality that characterizes comic-book narratives a anti- narrative : events ‘happen’ only so that they may quickly be reversed Franchise time represents a fatal challenge to the transcendent Afrofuturism of Black Panther because of the narrative requirements of franchise time – Wakanda will have to continue not to exist after Black Panther A world with an unhidden Wakanda would look nothing like our world What Wakanda would mean to the globe would be so radical as to permanently sever the connection between ‘ there’ and ‘ here’ on which the eternal present of Marvel is based Wakanda will never be allowed to become the incredible hyper-power Black Panther demand it would Wakanda's true moment of emergence will always be forestalled the radical historical difference of Black Panther’s Afrofuturist vision will not be allowed to stay either radical or different franchise time demands that the question of Wakandan superiority and its challenge to American empire will fade into the past as the string of sequels introduce stories whose own narrative development will also always reset back to one for the next show |
0073dd983caac8ec90f506bb9082c2728320da3041f4c18412e79c084529bd9f | Norman & Schlenker ’24 | Novel & reverse causal data proves.
Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)
We provide novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data and market estimates of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase for 24 months |
00995c94f17c7c0681a9941f4f81fee9dd5e0f5e9f924f36dea0978c519a387e | carbon capture hold emissions below zero | Implementation now is key.
McKie ’21 – Science and environment editor for the observer Guardian, 1-16-2021, "Carbon capture is vital to meeting climate goals, scientists tell green critics," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/16/carbon-capture-vital-meeting-climate-goals-scientists-cut-emissions
scientists insist failure to trap carbon and store it would make it impossible to hold net emissions to below zero is the only way If we have any hope of keeping global temperature below 2 degrees we desperately need c s c CCS play a key role in cleaning up industries The longer we delay the worst things are going to be |
014a9bf46e819cbafa00651d1f3cb53c5ca1d6ce713a1c3827e9c81c05b42a58 | Inflation in times of War | B---War.
Apel and Ohlsson 22, * Senior Advisor at the Riksbank’s Monetary Policy Department, **Deputy Governor of the Riksbank (Mikael and Henry, “Monetary policy and inflation in times of War,” https://tinyurl.com/yw53azxb)
research on economic consequences of war It is clear war leads to inflation |
0078aa4d2687f7d431e3b9e885f35c8c4a7f0f40006484b6dda38fd356e9ffb9 | macro conditions deteriorating | Tons of alt causes.
Dareen ’24 [Seher and Shariq Khan; August 15; Journalists at Reuters; Reuters, “Slowing global jet fuel consumption adds to oil demand concern,” https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/slowing-global-jet-fuel-consumption-adds-oil-demand-concern-2024-08-14/]
Jet demand dropped sharply Weaker activity worsen trade cut air freight trade slowdown O P E C cut demand forecast IEA trimmed its estimate cited weak China tech outage grounded flights impacted demand macro conditions are deteriorating quickly broader demand remain soft," |
03377d8b60be9d9f93a1c828d74ebd80c6b888539c2106a99bda00b324c83344 | trucks or tankers carry chemical products | A change in regulation’s unnecessary---tanks and trucks solve.
Royal Chemical 21. Chemical contract manufacturer. “Using Bulk Trucks for Chemical Transport.” 10/8/21. https://www.royalchemical.com/blog/using-bulk-trucks-for-chemical-transport.
trucks or tankers carry chemical products around the country Liquid bulk tanks and can hold 7,500 gallons Dry bulk tankers Dry vans All allow for secure storage and shipment in large quantities |
030f3daded675cbbe3e93cf234d50f69ef5bd92f183a201e7602e4cda91f9146 | right wing environmentalism | Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’
Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be Ready To Challenge Rising Right-Wing Environmentalism, Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2020/11/climate-change-right-wing-environmentalism-alt-right-eco-fascism, JKS]
Right offer “pragmatic” and “realistic” solutions to climate based on fantasy going to demonize refugees and tell us left-wing want developed countries to give up everything One of the dreadful solutions will be “population control inevitably spill into the public sphere lifeboat ethics”: Right successfully depoliticize climate crisis can lead to devastating consequences. violent philosophy of far-right environmentalism is being normalized |
01ae39b829277918bcea2b6e8f8adc8aae0e8997896e4a5176c5349c2e0524b2 | Aircraft range | 5. AIRCRAFT RANGE.
Alman ’22 [David; October 25; Officer and pilot in the Air National Guard, B.S. and M.S. in aerospace engineering; War on the Rocks, "Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Investing in the Future," https://warontherocks.com/2022/10/sustainable-aviation-fuel-investing-in-the-future/]
in the 30s 100 octane provided aircraft with significant advantage over competitors greater speed and climb rates Today another fuel to provide defense : s a f brings strategic benefits increased energy security and diplomatic victories changes in fuel prices adversely affect Defense Department aviation fuel can be domestically sourced , increasing control over production and pricing ability to construct fuel refineries in strategically relevant areas , like Hawaii U S has led the way could serve as a model for Europe with investments there is potential to produce more energy-dense fuel , increasing aircraft payload and range |
0270625b90b15fd013376b2c1c891de3dbf46802d43273d3e50507a46ab38e69 | transmission sparks opposition | It sparks a firestorm of local opposition.
Cohen 22 – Director of Policy, Council of State Governments. Energy and Environmental Policy Analyst. Founding Member, Transatlantic Climate Alliance.
transmission set off a firestorm of local opposition battles are being waged across the country projects spark local opposition among residents and leaders |
022e4326d079ec0d99dc76249f9be9725c513b070a2b6700d2d693668bcda198 | 3 degrees warming | No warming impact
Zeke Hausfather & Glen P. Peters 20. *Director of climate and energy at the Breakthrough Institute in Oakland, California. **Research director at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research in Oslo, Norway. "Emissions – the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading". Nature. 1-29-2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00177-3
dystopian 5 ° of warming business as usual implying it is probable focus becomes extremes , rather than more likely pathways world imagined becomes increasingly implausible every year on course for 3 ° critics assum all dice loaded with worst outcomes Overstating impacts make mitigation harder lead to defeatism poor planning |
03a7e1e82c69d1d78ed101c4289d29dffcc83518b7517e56819fa870bdace7bc | SMRs years from functioning | Gen 4 reactors are unicorns
Levitan 16 (Dave, journalist focusing on science, health, and the environment, has written for Scientific American, Discover, and the Philadelphia Inquirer, undergraduate degree from Haverford College, and a Master’s degree in journalism from NYU's Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program, “Is Nuclear Power Our Energy Future, Or in a Death Spiral?,” Climate Central, March 6, 2016, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/nuclear-power-energy-future-or-dinosaur-death-spiral-20103)
Supporters of nuc power hold out hope new tech ongoing efforts to develop s m r s still years removed from actual functioning reactors technological unicorns remain off in the distance Nuclear r and d moves at a snail’s pace new tech are not going to be a solution in the near term the next 15 years are unlikely to feature a nuclear revolution |
001634e216fe55d28a3210584d4a7eb5479b4afa8152736d534daed646ea8ab2 | Muslims can't think as Muslims | These practices are not neutral – they are part of a process of Islamophobia in which the Islamic tradition is positioned as inferior and violent while Western epistemologies are represented as “truth”.
Tamdgidi, M. (2015). ISLAM : From phobia to understanding. (Vol. VIII). Ahead Publishing House .
Non-Western epistemologies are considered inferior and excluded from the global conversation Islamic philosophy portrayed as inferior the logical consequence is that they should be repressed Muslims can be part of the discussion as long as they stop thinking as Muslims Any Muslim that think these questions from within Islamic tradition is suspicious of fundamentalism Today experts in the West talks with authority about Islam, with no knowledge of the Islamic tradition stereotypes and lies reported over and over believed as Truth |
00af9c6fbbd980a78e0ae2409db19fdba3cb86f7b79d0a69e41218480b0b34fb | Rorke and Nystrom 2024 | Status quo decarbonization efforts are a start but are not enough to achieve international climate goals—without action the US will fall short of its 2025 decarbonization targets
Rorke and Nystrom, 2024 (Catrina, Senior VP for Policy and Research at the Climate Leadership Council, and Scott Director of Policy and Research at the Climate Leadership Council, February 2024, Climate Leadership Council, “Revisiting Carbon Leadership in a New Landscape”, https://clcouncil.org/Revisiting%20Carbon%20Pricing%20in%20a%20New%20Landscape.pdf, DoA 7/31/2024, DVOG, ADA-1)
legislative action committed billions to decarb sectors to achieve net-zero by midcentury Recent legislation amounted to innovation and new tech to accelerate clean energy transition Nevertheless U.S. is not on track to meet its targets we expect emissions to fall 52% by 2050 underperform against targets |
03ad8eb0340993af858358b40ba90119273db3ddedfa4306287a41834f15b592 | climate refugees demonized | Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’
Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be Ready To Challenge Rising Right-Wing Environmentalism, Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2020/11/climate-change-right-wing-environmentalism-alt-right-eco-fascism, JKS]
the Right are going to offer more “pragmatic” and “realistic” solutions , based on piecemeal and fantasy solutions. They are going to demonize climate refugees and tell us left-wing want developed countries to give up everything One of the dreadful solutions will be “population control this idea will inevitably spill into the public sphere lifeboat ethics”: The Right has managed to successfully depoliticize the climate crisis can lead to devastating consequences. violent philosophy of far-right environmentalism is slowly being normalized |
011c20b85dee3164bd7a9c8b742e27f4d1744764b7ff61202ef605d7dc7ee714 | Supremacy Clause | The ‘United States’ is a Constitutional term of art referring to federal actors, elevated by the Supremacy Clause. ‘We the people’ would require ‘of America’ to be in the resolution.
Mitchell ’15 [Paul; 2015; Previous Vice President for Legal Affairs and Counsel to an Arizona Trust and Founder of the Supreme Law; Supreme Law, “Open Letter,” http://www.supremelaw.org/letters/us-v-usa.htm]
Articles distinguish U S A from " U S the " U S A refer to the States term " U S is used throughout Title 28 to refer to fed gov domiciled in D.C Title 28 govern all courts use of " U S " to refer to the fed gov carries weight elevates Title 28 to Law of Land |
00ad9bb624c42e19204aa4e36eded83ebf2d650e160d3148601eb014595dbefc | Fox 23 | Perm do both - solves all their offense because it reduces emissions in the short-term and builds a long-term sustainable future
Nick J. Fox 23, Professor of Sociology, Department of Social and Psychological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK, The Sociological Review, Vol. 71(5), pages 1129-1130, “Green capitalism, climate change and the technological fix: A more-than-human assessment,” 2023, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00380261221121232, Accessed: 09/10/2024, AKS
alternative is a pragmatic approach that acknowledges that a market economy may facilitate emissions reduction this pragmatism shifts the emphasis toward efforts to rapidly transition to renewable energy this strategy aims to reduce the ecological impact and inequalities of capitalism by scaling back ecologically destructive or unnecessary production, improving well-being, and using fiscal policy to reduce inequalities globally Such an approach is politically achievable and incremental. It encourages collaborations between citizens , universities companies and government agencies to work with policy-makers toward an internationally-shared and achievable programme . the unfettered dynamics of capitalist production and markets can be tempered, while ideologies promoting globalisation and neoliberalisation are replaced with a more managed approach to economic development |
0414042a9b41daba1d6dd1cdfd08e84a826ac11529fab2da9f5313052888ba25 | Scafetta no climate disaster | 4. No existential climate impact.
Nicola Scafetta 24. Ph.D.; Associate Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Naples Federico II. "Impacts and Risks of ‘Realistic’ Global Warming Projections for the 21st Century." Geoscience Frontiers, Volume 15, Issue 2.
IPCC acknowledged a hot model problem according to empirical studies actual values could between 1 and 2 °C worst-case IPCC reports for the 21st century low confidence any change in frequency severity or extent of drought fire storms erosion heatwaves air pollution radiation recent research argued alarmistic scenarios are very unrealistic warming will be moderate at a slower rate than predicted GCM warmer in comparison to alternative records such as satellite-based and contamination from non-climatic factors GCMs grossly inadequate alternative uses empirical modifications of ensembles via linear scaling accurately represent warming from 80 to 22 growing evidence of warming biases and natural variability no evidence of impending disaster |
00c29e00a4221139464354dabf8997b330f8bca0c835e7672bce1041a8e23a01 | Perm is strong nihilism | 10. Perm Do both-- They are a bad form of nihilism which inappropriately accepts contingencies as givens---the AFF, and perm are strong nihilism---which acknowledges the truths of pessimist critique but acts nonetheless in an assertion of agency.
Devon R. Johnson 17, Devon R. Johnson completed his Ph.D. in philosophy at Temple University with specializations in Black existentialism, political philosophy, and continental philosophy in 2014. His dissertation is entitled “A Philosophical Analysis of Nihilism and Antiblack Racism.” He is currently a teaching instructor for the NJ-STEP program at Rutgers University (Newark). Spring 2017, “Beyond Tradition: A Short Rumination on Africana Philosophy and Nihilism in 21st Century America,” Newsletter of the American Philosophical Association, Philosophy and the Black Experience, Volume 16, Number 2, http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.apaonline.org/resource/collection/950518C1-3421-484C-8153-CDA6ED737182/BlackExperienceV16n2.pdf
whether racism is metaphysical or not one must fight for values beyond these traditions. In the question of whether one ought to be pessimistic one may miss the underlying question of how to transition from dying to living values weak nihilism attempts to arrest existential development Pessimism treats phenomena as ontological A strong nihilistic response rejects all human values attempting to ontologize themselves strong Black nihilism is the healthier response because it involves a transvaluation of traditional anti-Black racist valuing a commitment to constructing non-decadent human worlds Afro-pessimism misconstrues legitimately pessimistic dimensions of Black life as fundamentally precluding Black meaning pessimism and strong nihilism ( and thus, an ironic optimism ) are necessarily related Nihilism is the attempt to value anew in light of the truths of pessimism anti-Black racist ideals must be moved beyond regardless One’s prescription for legal programs in such realities, must take anti-Black racism seriously however whether one chooses to treat this reality as permanent or not , the question of what it means to value beyond tradition remains strong nihilism , through the struggles of pessimism and despair, is the way to healthily move beyond tradition to do more than cope or make the insufferable sufferable |
007cc8c8888c4cd0fbe95e53ea7a26851ea6a9a53b6f6e131f4037cda9b6ffc6 | Everington 24 | Prices aren’t key to diversification.
John Everington 24, Middle East and Africa editor for The Banker, “Saudi Arabia’s non-oil economy shrugs off regional tensions”, 4-23-2024, The Banker, https://www.thebanker.com/Saudi-Arabia-s-non-oil-economy-shrugs-off-regional-tensions-1713861976 - SDP
In the midst of such optimism , it remains to be seen how sustainable the economic reform process is for the remainder of Vision 2030’s mandate given the dramatic progress achieved thus far This has led the state to become more directly involved , increasing the sovereign’s direct and contingent risks should costs continue to rise or a drop in oil prices raises central government borrowing needs |
02185422350a6b64dc3169a89ffe09e018419b0b10fb124ae9867a7b5403df7c | RGGI does not adjust a FERC rate | That’s proven by past court jurisprudence
Peskoe 17 – Senior Fellow in Electricity Law at Harvard Law School’s Environmental Policy Initiative
There is an important distinction The payments in Hughes were based explicitly on the PJM price RGGI requires generators to retire an allowance for CO2 A generator includes the allowance in the offer it submits The price generated thus includes the allowance RGGI does not “adjust” a FERC rate |
039612a73a04c810a779571e11c19b7df56d25bb38384794735a33e709b100d0 | climate change AI beneficence | 3. Premise is wrong – growth-oriented AI will be programed to decrease environmental impacts – ensures beneficence
Dore 16 – Adam Dorr is an environmental social scientist, technology theorist, and futurist. He is currently working with Tony Seba and James Arbib at the nonprofit think tank RethinkX. UCLA PhD (Adam, Technological change and climate scenarios. Nature Clim Change 6, 638–639 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2981)
environmental problems require manipulation of the world at a scale that is prohibitively expensive costs would need to fall by factor of a million technological pathway to a million-fold reduction for megaprojects is clear machine labour lies only decades away CDR geoengineering may become feasible sooner than people imagine underscores importance technological changes that engineering and c s disciplines see over this century. |
039f9acd6a07f71518b8266f3c724c0170a6c5be6dd0d4213272ea6d5ec16415 | Bateson and Rothstein 24 | Rapid devaluation causes fire sales that collapse the global economy.
Bateson and Rothstein 24 (Blair Bateson is the director of the company network at the sustainability nonprofit Ceres, Steven Rothstein is the managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, “Will climate risk trigger the next great financial crisis?”, 3/28/24, https://greencentralbanking.com/2024/03/28/will-climate-risk-trigger-the-next-great-financial-crisis/.) pelletier
climate risk – could spiral out of control banks need to move faster And our world is far from globally coordinated disorderly transition is raising the possibility of shocks to asset values timing is unpredictable rapid devaluation could trigger fire sales climate risk slashing growth by 11% risk results from physical impacts of climate change but also transition risks to low-carbon How the US prepares is crucial, given its outsized impact on financ |
026e4016167d09f2cdc88abb8364b79be9df0b51e0c48634fc4fbebc75b3f8a3 | stories meant to be passed among loved ones | 4--- Their politics of naming pain narratives inscribe the subaltern’s suffering onto its identity -- the subaltern is recognizable by academia only when depicted in its suffering which internalizes violence
Tuck & Yang 14 ( Eve Tuck and K Wayne Yang, 2014, Eve Tuck is Associate Professor of Critical Race and Indigenous Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE), University of Toronto. She is Canada Research Chair of Indigenous Methodologies with Youth and Communities. She is a William T Grant Scholar (2015-2020) and was a Ford Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow (2011-2012). K Wayne Yang - Ph.D., 2004, Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley, “R-Words: Refusing Research” https://static1.squarespace.com/static/557744ffe4b013bae3b7af63/t/557f2ee5e4b0220eff4ae4b5/1434398437409/Tuck+and+Yang+R+Words_Refusing+Research.pdf Pages 227-230 Eve; K. Wayne “R-Words: Refusing Research” pp. 232-235)
does narratives of pain may be language, experiences, and wisdoms better left alone there are stories that are entrusted to us, stories that are told to us make meaningful relationships in peoples’ lives these stories are not simply not ours to take. underrepresented in the academy by social location frequently experience a pressure to become the Native informant We carry the proof of oppression on our backs These stories are not always ours to give away Stories are meant to be passed among loved ones what am I revealing here and why Who benefits Academic knowledge is particular and privileged disguises itself as universal does so through erasure also through inclusion |
005663c770e0efd1946dae0d1e0253eb62cfbfc95edc2b6c407326950a13e2b5 | Duval 2008 Working Paper | Duval is an old OECD working papers. Inserted.
Görlach ’13 [Benjamin Görlach; February 2013; environmental economist and Senior Fellow with Ecologic Institute, formerly worked at the German Emissions Trading Authority at the Federal Environment Agency, MA international economic studies, University of Maastricht; , Berlinl Ecologic Institute, “What constitutes an optimal climate policy mix? Defining the concept of optimality, including political and legal framework conditions,” CECILIA2050 Deliverable 1.1]
Duval 2008 Working Paper OECD |
03382f023543582b7b099a573d7d4d46f95643c755f0b32b6b25b64d4a237770 | Policy is just proposed | B—‘Policy’ by itself could just be proposed.
Facciola 11, Judge, United States District Court, District of Columbia (John Facciola, 2011, “Rayming Chang v. United States,” United States District Court for the District of Columbia, No. 02-2010, University of Kansas Libraries, Lexis)
" policy " means "[a] principle or action adopted or proposed as desirable by a government |
0114879d01bcdb5dd8f55bdd78568cf8851fb21feb73829374023f43a740fca8 | social exclusion on a global scale | 2 Unethical – Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale
Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
our ethico -political responsibility is to confront the violence of global capitalism in order to create a universal global system the forces of capitalism seek to conceal the politico-discursive violence of its construction through a kind of gentrification of that system the human cost and degraded ‘life- chances’ cannot be calculated the economic rationale and social exclusion remains mystified and nameless this mystification is magnified through capitalism’s profound capacity to ingest its own excesses and negativity to redirect antagonisms and to absorb them within a culture of differential affirmation |
046968ec111cdf683aa09c06575e2180b1b7d59498ef03b2955803363219d677 | cuts kill moderate support | Cuts would require hundreds of billions of dollars—that kills moderate support.
Kogan ‘3—4 [Bobby Kogan is the Senior Director Of Federal Budget Policy At The Center For American Progress. "Opinion", MSNBC https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/house-republicans-budget-medicaid-snap-cuts-rcna194231 published 3-4-2025, accessed 3-6-2025]
Rep s budget resolution strong public pushback refrain from GOP hundreds of billions in cuts to Medicaid and SNAP. Rep s who support cuts won’t be able to maintain long public will see Rep s eviscerating assistance to help millionaires |
00163d3cb65ef85355be2bbb6b512f440933970077e69551479f08885cffde31 | Drezner 23 | Trump will end the U.S.-led order. The second term will make the first look like a “garden party.”
Drezner 23 – Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
Trump scrambled the network of alliances the U S had built Trump blasted allies for not contributing He threatened to exit sacrosanct agreements Trump bent over backward to ingratiate himself with Putin Xi and Kim Biden’s victory ended this bizarre behavior Biden proved willing to mobilize the CHIPS Act and I R A far ambitious Biden has been more adept at attracting allies Japan South Korea and AUKUS cemented cooperation adversaries are holding out hope for Trump’s return in 2025 Putin is unlikely to change tactics in Ukraine until after the election Putin knows Trump will help him Trump plans to scour intelligence agencies to remove officials he vilified there will no longer be adults in the room If Trump is reelected he will feel unconstrained A second Trump term would make the first one look like a party |
00d64f6b30971fb531b20072819947fe4dd39c25e6f8224864b8dca472325753 | carbon tax doesn’t price externalities | And – No Solvency – Fossil Fuel Subsidies are federal, even if States tax they can’t access Federal Lands or build on them. Biden’s “carbon tax” doesn’t price externalities, keeping pollution profitable.
Revesz and Sarinsky 22, *AnBryce Professor of Law and Dean Emeritus, New York University School of Law, **Adjunct Professor of Law and Senior Attorney, Institute for Policy Integrity, New York University School of Law (*Richard L. Revesz, **Max Sarinsky, 2022, “ARTICLE: The Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Legal, Economic, and Institutional Perspective,” 39 Yale J. on Reg. 856, University of Kansas Libraries, Lexis)
producers currently over-invest in extraction because they bear few costs Although extraction on federal lands accounts for a huge share of emissions the fed does not internalize cost of pollution onto producers a carbon adder based on g h g s would internalize costs of fossil extraction |
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