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01accf3ebed0ce130a2d48567dcdd5f3cf0c27c45915e99e97225f46be92e756 | collapses containment of nuclear risk | That triggers World War III, collapses containment of nuclear and technological risks, AND turns the environment.
Oppenheimer ’21 [Michael; 2021; Clinical Professor at the Center for Global Affairs at New York University, M.A. in International Affairs from the University of Virginia; The Future of Global Affairs, “The Turbulent Future of International Relations,” Ch. 2]
Environment events health tech failures , will define future . But structural forces impact capacity to settle shocks decoupling will produce conflict weakened institutions and norms and reduced capacity to confront warming tech change , nuc s and prolif escalating trade disputes entails risk This will end globalization political effects damaging It fuels nationalism which contributes to conflict Trade Wars Lead to World War constraints on aggression are eroding trade wars By reducing interdependence made that conceivable the moment is scarier -1914 too many hot spots Korea S C S Taiwan kindling seems dry |
03eaabbe68637ba10f4946be8a3d322749e6e18224955e72325130d4c672cf86 | radical vulnerabilities | It can be remade in ways that challenge violence.
Nash, 19—Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University (Jennifer, “love in the time of death,” Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, Chapter 4, 121-126, dml)
this eschews a singular history that presumes the violence of the juridical ignoring law as a site for staging productive intimacies and enacting radical vulnerabilities critical interrogations of progress offered ways of imagining law otherwise They advanced new methods to jam the fictions of neutrality to radically remake law , to push the boundaries of how doctrine could be written to make law unimaginable the endeavor is to imagine a legal project to attend to violence on the psyche we might feel differently toward each other if we had legal obligations toward mutual regard , if we knew that law took seriously spirit murder law becomes a critical tool in making visible mutual vulnerability , and in demanding indebtedness to each other black women’s social location as a starting point advocates for tailoring law to address injuries in particular ways legal action can be individualized , intimate , and rooted in lived experience refuse d the lure of negative affects to grieve and mourn law might be a space of black women’s survival rather than simply wounding it upends the tenet that black women’s freedom comes exclusively through spaces authored , and |
00e91f2a1b417815c34044db434f7bff9f0381e6a5de37dc6e38b29114316048 | uncertainty increases R&D | Uncertainty increases innovation. This is especially true in the context of MBIs.
Zhu 21 [Yu Zhu (PhD, Associate Professor, Renmin University of China; Former Principal Economist, Bank of Canada; Ph.D. (Economics), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2014; M.S. (Economics), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2010; M.A. (Economics), Fudan University, China, 2008; B.A. (Economics), Nanjing University, China, 2005), Ziyuan Sun, Shiyu Zhang, and Xiaolin Wang, September 2021, “Economic Policy Uncertainty, Environmental Regulation, and Green Innovation—An Empirical Study Based on Chinese High-Tech Enterprises,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/18/9503; njn]
economic policy uncertainty will promote innovation the higher the uncertainty the greater the possibility of disruptive changes the greater the possibility to grow through early innovation enterprises increase R&D to cope with uncertainty |
043b782d3f71343feb129cf72c23513bff4aaeae2280737c419b5d4e6a80519a | regulated capitalism solves | Perm---do the aff and embrace regulated capitalism. That solves---the alt throws out the baby with the bathwater, but the permutation solves.
Budolfson 21 – Associate Professor of Ethics, Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Ph.D. from Princeton.
capitalism is an essential component of health and justice capitalism can be implemented poorly But that does not mean we should turn against Over human history increases in health and justice occurred as a result of capitalism these improvements could not and would not have happened under any alternative capitalism is a driver of life expectancy lowered mortality adequate calories minimized disease and poverty more happiness and justice reduced war and homicide higher human rights and literacy These positive s outweigh negative s poverty can be eliminated faster via regulated capitalism than any alt If we opt for less capitalism growth and globalization poverty will continue there would be overpopulation food insecurity pollution injustice capitalism can be combined with environmental reg s nations reduce degradation as they become wealthier nations nearing peak will remain stuck if we stall growth regulated capitalism is the best way of coping with climate change regulated capitalism is the ethically optimal system |
0428995e84a89152c40c3b9b1680d3debdf22aac02fa49b9f2e11ddab33bd24b | CCS gives companies greenwashing boost | 1. CCS trades off with the ALT and is worse for climate change. It’s Big Oil’s favorite greenwashing boondoggle.
Foley '23 – PhD, Executive director of the California Academy of Sciences, World-Renown Environmental Scientist, very long awards list. (Jonathan Foley. (12-4-2023). Don't Fall for Big Oil's Carbon Capture Deceptions. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-fall-for-big-oils-carbon-capture-deceptions/; Neo)
It’s that time of year political media circus is about to begin the crescendo of hype and greenwashing we’ll doubtless hear a lot about c c s oil companies are working hard to push this Don’t be fooled It’s a distraction Even after decades of investment c c s only remove a few seconds’ of yearly gas emissions they are far too expensive consume excessive amounts of energy present challenges to scalability CO2 captured by c c s often used to drive oil and gas back out does nothing to reduce health damage fails to relieve tremendous air pollution the biggest problem is that they give companies greenwashing boost underneath fake responsibility helping them build out fossil fuel infrastructure and rake in trillions gives license to continue to operate for 80 years billions have been wasted on carbon capture boondoggles |
03c2d102484dbe3846a843fd1d6098148ec7bc5e4fc81e88259ad8cb893c4418 | clean grid match supply demand | An entirely clean grid is possible and reliable---robust studies.
Chang ’21 [Rachel Chang; former policy analyst for the Center for American Progress; 2-21-2021; Center for American Progress; Renewable Energy Is the Key to Building a More Resilient and Reliable Electricity Grid; https://www.americanprogress.org/article/renewable-energy-is-the-key-to-building-a-more-resilient-and-reliable-electricity-grid/]
Fossil s unreliable outages grid failures conventional facing severe reliability challenges no trends in other forms gas plants supply and equipment failures caused the majority of outages wind performed above expected capacity Texas faced heat coal and gas faced higher outages renewables supported almost half demand exceeding forecasts U S can build clean reliable grid countless studies prove that s possible without compromising reliability Energy Innovation performed meta-analysis finding across all studies a clean grid match supply and demand diverse variable renewables balanced many resources that are n t variable geothermal hydropower and nuclear |
03a169040eefe24876e64f3aa7ab050ebedbc70c9e0bb2cac523cc89b66c85ae | clean energy transition unstoppable | 7. The energy transition is inevitable, its only a question of if it can happen fast enough
Maxine Joselow & Vanessa Montalbano 23 Maxine Joselow is a staff writer who covers climate change and the environment, with a focus on U.S. climate policy and politics. Vanessa Montalbano is a researcher for The Climate 202, a daily morning newsletter at The Washington Post that keeps readers up to date on climate news and policy. The Washington Post, “The clean-energy transition is ‘unstoppable,’ IEA says,” 10-24-2023, DOA: 9-10-24, lmc, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/10/24/clean-energy-transition-is-unstoppable-iea-says/
The annual report from the I E A offers a prediction of the growth of clean-energy portrays the decline of fossil fuels as inevitable It’s not a question of ‘if’, it’s just a matter of ‘how soon’ and the sooner the better |
02101af9f044016c025022b3613fd437d1703b3f432525b3c25aba3384d879f8 | webster 16 | No impact, a litany of alt causes, and their ev cherry-picks worst-case-scenario studies
Webster 16 (Ben, Environmental Editor for the London Times, “Scientists are ‘exaggerating carbon threat to reefs and marine life’”, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/scientists-are-exaggerating-carbon-threat-to-reefs-and-marine-life/news-story/d41370fc3ecbcbacaf18b1cff0cb2e4a)
Claims that emissions are making the oceans more acidic have been exaggerated inherent bias in favour of more calamitous predictions excluded research showing that marine creatures are not damaged many studies had used flawed methods , subjecting creatures to sudden increases that would never be experienced in real life . it was levels far beyond what would ever be reached even if we burnt every molecule of carbon this had distracted attention from urgent threats such as agricultural pollution , overfishing and tourism journals tend to publish doom and gloom stories The bias was partly the result of pressure on scientists to produce eye-catching work half of the studies found that raised levels of CO2 had little or no impact on marine life |
00acdc31a83d2199753738e4378bc756f44808b15c35699fef3e2dca60589528 | Fiat Good | 1. Framework. Evaluate the plan’s consequences versus links.
Fiat Good---2AC
planetary inequality nihilistic armed conflicts climate change racist alt-right movements institutions seem ill-equipped to begin engaging human survival This poses challenges to theoretical tools inadequate to provide guidance for systemic transformation this moment demand justice and human solidarity struggles are immediately practical writings on governance avoid abstract musing argument during anticolonial struggles intervene in the present Césaire and Senghor commitment to human politics, as a critique of modernity rather than limited plotting of black identity understood a wholesale rebuilding of humanity pragmatic orientation was inseparable from commitment to political imagination of ‘ planetary salvation ’ refusal to ‘retreat from humanity’ that defines Black life maintain ‘possibility of justice’ the struggle remains ‘how to belong to a ‘world in common ’ time-series modeling traced three million race attitudes over fourteen years bias decreased 26 percent attitudes could touch neutrality in 2035 participants alike all moved toward neutrality not all biases are changing anti- elderly disability , and fat biases remained stable bias is context sensitive not reducible to attitudes of individuals one study influence association by exposing a slideshow participants showed a lessened degree of bias meta-analysis of two hundred studies demonstrated experiences can reduce biases Instead of creating a self-fulfilling prophecy , this should induce caution from Beijing and Washington Understanding the danger of war is the first step to avoid it Attempting to isolate a single cause for all wars is impossible . The proposition that war tends to break out during a power transition is a probabilistic — not deterministic —statement power shifts can increase probabilities of war like dry leaves but it does not mean war will inevitably break out Thucydides’s Trap cautions us to be prepared for the danger of war bias influences policy advocates have turned to perspective-taking exemplars, meditating , or empathy-building they rarely have a sustained effect policymakers can consider changing the context societal-scale interventions redress inequality policies are feasible for reducing inequality |
018c14f1ab95ae1f9db3b0effbeba6a6a673d4cc687df2451e513ecc3409a712 | Hothouse Earth | Climate Change causes extinction – every marginal increase matters.
Dr. Graeme Taylor et al. 24, PhD, Coordinator, BEST Futures. Adjunct Research Fellow, Environmental Futures, Griffith Unviersity; Dr. Peter Wadhams, PhD, Professor, Ocean Physics, University of Cambridge. Head, Polar Ocean Physics Group, Department of Applied Mathematics & Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge; Dr. Daniele Visioni, PhD, Assistant Professor, Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University; Dr. Tom Goreau, PhD, President, Global Coral Reef Alliance. Former Senior Scientific Affairs Officer, United Nations Centre for Science & Technology for Development; Dr. Leslie Field, PhD, Consulting Professor, Electrical Engineering, Stanford University; Dr. Heri Kuswanto, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, "Bad Science and Good Intentions Prevent Effective Climate Action," EarthArXiv, 2024, pg. 20-24.
non-linear risks of overshoot in absence of dramatic emissions reductions Every degree will add to warming tipping points generate positive feedbacks passing non-negligible at 2°C have catastrophic consequences push onto a “Hothouse Earth” path ecosystems simultaneously impacted amplify and accelerate one another world at risk of breakdown within a single lifetime people suggest countries adapt treat with strong scepticism claims about the absence of extinction increase major conflict disease pressure vulnerabilities that prompt synchronous collapse of systems not enough to extrapolate from current trends to adapt complicated to predict how effects cascade through complex systems that contain multiple hazards existential at lower temp s |
030eaa5dbd2ae1948ff7baa6d9c76217598faab2d6c87dc2d84e44aee917ac50 | US imperialism | The plan ends it.
1AC The Black Hive 22, The Black Hive is a collective of more than 200 organizations and individuals representing Black CEJ expertise, ranging from organizers, cultural workers, advocates, and activists, to data scientists, engineers, technologists, and strategists. The Black Hive is at the heart of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) climate and environmental justice efforts., The Black Hive, “Energy,” 10/04/2022 (date found using the Internet Wayback Machine), https://theblackhive.org/pillars/energy/, Accessed: 10/16/2024, aks
An end to U.S. imperialism the military is the largest polluter in the world and must withdraw military bases |
0435e5dde8feeb7834179f56d7bc9374ba8b6104fa4d75bc0b96b3746aa24e99 | Proliferation Japan South Korea and Germany | PROLIFERATION---Japan, South Korea, AND Germany join-in on nuclear arms racing out of fear AND collapsed non-proliferation regimes.
Increasing the US arsenal at the scale recommended by the Project 2025 would likely compel rival nations—including Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea—to increase their defense budgets, warfighting plans, and nuclear weapons developments and deployments to match what they will see as an increasing threat from the United States. Allied nations will also be caught up in the competition, fueling an already existing nuclear arms race: Japan, South Korea, and even Germany could be pushed over the nuclear line.
programs weaken guardrails by withdrawals from arms control erosion of arms control and non-prolif is central goals |
00a14ceb4fb1be0f15822d87237cceae502118732fa421ef7dbfe012bc42085d | Trump tariffs fuel inflation | Trumper.
Lucy Raitano et al. 2/7 (is a reporter for Reuters, writing with Alun John and Dhara Ranasinghe in London, Greta Rosen Fondahn in Gdansk and Rodrigo Campos in New York.; Reuters. “Trump’s Tariff Roulette: The Markets Left Reeling from Trade Threats.” Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-trump-tariffs-2025-02-07/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2025.)Rinehart.
Trump swiftly impose then delay tariffs on top trading partners show global trade war that hurts growth and fuels inflation remains high uncertainty keeping Canada on rate-cutting path Mexican economy fall into recession euro fall Central Bank will cut rates Europe big loser in U.S.-China trade war Chinese goodss in Europe add disinflationary pressure The fossil industry and polluters are set against tariffs But this is selfish and should be disregarded that tariffs are protectionist does not hold water carbon tariffs level the playing field , do not function like protectionist measures under W T O rules they are legal import s “shall not be subject to taxes in excess of domestic products if a country has domestic tax it is permitted to apply the same |
0439af7594042c8aec085a4826d7bfac6233118df244e3bd6f39413309f328fc | lack of specification wrecks solvency | Indpendently, lack of specification wrecks solvency
Calder 15 [Jack Calder, IMF Consultant “Administration of a US Carbon Tax” in Implementing a US Carbon Tax¸ Routledge, p. 43]
Tax of GHG would be complex It is important to define policy clearly If a CT objective is to tax emissions and later its objective is to tax non-mobile emissions or consumption it may be difficult to meet that objective |
00698b819946d8ccd0544d35f9347dc664c4b3f3b88a1cbf982be31272d915fa | fusion power source | Fusion produces no radioactive waste, uses seawater as its only fuel, and can’t meltdown.
Carr ’12 [Jacob; 2012; University of Pittsburgh and Research Engineer – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; “Nuclear Fusion Technologies and Their Applications as a Global Power Source”, 136.142.82.187/eng12/Chair/data/papers/2186/2186.docx]
fusion only uses hydrogen one of the most abundant elements hydrogen can be taken out of the air, as well as seawater fusion produces harmless products. combining two hydrogen isotopes creates helium neutrons , and energy These are desirable products reaction when compared to radioactive waste created by fission While fission can cause meltdowns fusion is easily monitored and controlled earth’s surface is 70% water 95% of that is seawater. This is the most abundant of any resources Even if only small amounts of energy can be yielded we could run reactions on large scale additive payoff would be immense there is a endless supply of isotopes negative effects would be non-existent fusion does not yield harmful products, and is safe and easy |
014f8e48f43a1bb04b71704dcbb4f1ceeb133951998799811cc651d6e0441b0f | foreign affairs thucydides trap | Stopping China from sustaining the international order by propping up global governance is more likely to trigger Thucydides Trap.
Manjari Chatterjee Miller 24, Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and Associate Professor of International Relations at Boston University, author of Why Nations Rise: Narratives and the Path to Great Power, "The Most Dangerous Game: Do Power Transitions Always Lead to War?" Foreign Affairs, July/August 2024, 06/18/2024, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/most-dangerous-game
the Thucydides trap.” holds that ascendant powers routinely emerge to challenge the dominant power leading to conflict power transition offers a truth the way the established power manages the international order can matter as much as the ambitions of the challenger challengers have to act within existing norms rising powers are careful to avoid antagonizing a declining power, as the U S did when it supported the U K the order may facilitate a challenger that seeks to manipulate existing norms to gain advantage the U S Rather than reforming institutions has turned to ad hoc diplomacy, making the i order more contested Such erosion could accelerate China’s rise making China more likely to challenge |
0270625b90b15fd013376b2c1c891de3dbf46802d43273d3e50507a46ab38e69 | sparks local opposition | It sparks a firestorm of local opposition.
Cohen 22 – Director of Policy, Council of State Governments. Energy and Environmental Policy Analyst. Founding Member, Transatlantic Climate Alliance.
transmission set off a firestorm of local opposition battles are being waged across the country projects spark local opposition among residents and leaders |
0328f295730a2092154ea9d6b3113401965044814447865877e452e63cf602f9 | iran sanctions netanyahu | Israel-Iran conflict doesn’t escalate nor does Israel preemptively strike.
Robertson 24 (Nic, award-winning CNN International Diplomatic Editor, “Can Netanyahu avoid triggering a regional war?”, CNN, April 17, 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/16/middleeast/analysis-israel-options-for-iran-attack-intl-latam/index.html, [SG])
allies are urging restraint calls for sanctions on Tehran growing Netanyahu’s next move will try to lock in sanctions Israel acting inside “red lines” to avoid escalation. “The threshold is flexible the Iranians will be careful, even after provocation starting war with the US or Israel . They are not there yet. The damage that can be inflicted is huge Iran won’t attack Israel it fears America’s reaction Netanyahu is a political survivor . |
0221316eaa33c1351c04dd8d08a93d2714263be84196d3a08f13b9abac010c86 | low carbon military terrorism | 1. LOW-CARBON MILITARY---it’s faster, stealthier, and more flexible---warfighting caps Chinese aggression and Arctic conflicts, solves disasters, Middle Eastern and African instability, and terrorism.
John Conger 24, Director Emeritus of the Center for Climate and Security, Senior Advisor to the Council on Strategic Risks, and Senior US Advisor to the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), July 2024, “World Climate And Security Report 2024: Military Innovation And The Climate Challenge,” https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WCSR-2023-24.pdf
There are vulnerabilities with fossil fuel dependence fuel convoys can be sabotaged , leading to reduced supply , also allocation of personnel for protecting transitioning to low-carbon sources reduces the reliance on complex supply chains increase stealth of platforms and reduce need for support s n r s maximize stealth compared to diesel electric propulsion reduces noise boosting flex minimizing refueling Electric motors over combustion enhance range and traction. Swarming increases remote warfare smaller vehicles allows for low-carbon propulsion AI reduces human interaction , which can be advantageous for military readiness . info war is exacerbated by blaming militaries for disasters . China, India, Russia, and the U S test a sat s Satellite can contribute to early warning satellites that used with iodine aid cost and sustainability China has been advancing in the S and E C S chances of military op grow HED vessels reduce maintenance and increase stealth The Arctic brings military conflicts. Melting ice caps lead to erosion also geopolitical shift as Russia gain access to both oceans Op s in the Arctic can be managed with mobile microgrids disasters complicate readiness tasking personnel to assist with HADR strain resources planning and training low-carbon tech improve acceptance of NATO HADR in the Mid East, Sahel and Africa groups engage in illegal activities individuals join NSAGs Boko Haram al-Shabab and ISIS Using e v s can support NATO op s in contested environments |
0302c3873604101b80acb3da319ea9d5a689d199f45a1f687fa0cd56ade8225f | renewables subsidies better than taxes | Renewables never become competitive without a prohibitively expensive tax.
Elizabeth Baldwin 20. Associate Professor of Economics at Oxford. Yongyang Cai, Professor in Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics at The Ohio State University. Karlygash Kuralbayev, Senior Lecturer in Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London.
With pricing , there is a of being “ locked into ” ways of producing electricity that are cheap renewables is currently expensive and may not become competitive making the sector “less competitive” through taxes is costly than through subsidies subsidies stimulate investment and the renewable sector crowds out dirty energy this appears sufficient , as well as less costly |
016dd69fb458656a4843a5075c6e2560b60c98b739098134f309b27a18d5ae37 | moral tyranny of distance | Anticipating extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.
Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, “BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT,” Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25) [ableist language modifications denoted by brackets]
when you consider the nuclear existential ethical challenge the matrix of modernity shut down our mind-set to respond We have chosen to ignore the facts to live with the possibility of planetary-scale suicide The question is whether we have capacity to end this logic responding is an imperative sense of care informed by pacifist and non-violent , de-colonialist approaches pervades your concern use scholarship to unsettle violence reconceptualise the human community to see how we can learn to co-survive struggle produce “ creative intellectual exchange that release new ethical energies for survival an anti-nuclear stance and post-nuclear activism requires shift in focus nuclear obliteration can appear abstract not our business this is the creation of a moral tyranny of distance you have to see through that and put energies into challenging that tyranny of distance |
0295af01fceebd7bccba976b67e25fe1309bab0bf5cb93ee76f6b7d0cf82e43d | incentive to reduce emissions | Neg ground. Checks aff shiftiness, preserving disads and deficits.
Christina Maza 15. Staff writer for the Christian Science Monitor. "Everyone's favorite climate change fix", Oct 29 www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy/2015/1029/Everyone-s-favorite-climate-change-fix.
a tax on carbon tell producers to reduce emissions Putting the idea into practice is another story how much should carbon cost ? the price too high and there’s risk of backlash Set it too low and emitters have little incentive to change |
033db4bb6b744a205b9279e2a460fe3c90699278edc5f2b8205dd6b1d7a17d32 | Lewis Gordon 2016 | The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness
Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16
The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity |
007f0cceee58e997862605568a39e4274d6d17b636fca553f2acb422aa79760c | Demos climate control | It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.
Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone. Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]
if we consider tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence . |
040f1374b0654c41ab59f5dd4af289cac1cb77b844b2707c336e5dac1e358f43 | insurers cancelling policies | Perception is key to Insurance---insurers are pulling out now but are carefully watching for further developments.
Griggs and Reguero 21 [Gary Griggs and Borja G. Reguero. 2021. Griggs is a Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz, where he has taught for 55 years. He received his B.A. in Geological Sciences in 1965 from the University of California Santa Barbara and a Ph.D. in Oceanography from Oregon State University in 1968. Reguero is a PhD in Water Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics from Universidad de Cantabria. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise" Water 13, no. 16: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162151 -DCW]
insurers are beginning to cancel or no longer insure high-risk properties Economics is beginning to lower home values As property values have continued to decline insurance companies are now looking carefully at which policies to cancel , which properties not to insure , and for those that appear to be insurable , what are realistic premiums that will cover projected losses These forces will have negative effects on insurance and loans |
00dccc96c984868bb908e3b7cd0de82998a6d3e3f67e39f30d67257944dda0a7 | biocapitalism and consent | The move to privilege individuals is the logic of neoliberal capitalism today. Macrosystemic analysis is traded for interpersonal wins, ratcheting down systemic change and capitulating to the appropriation of identity by ruling classes.
Léger 2019 (Marc James, Artist and Independent Scholar, Vanguardia: Socially Engaged Art and Theory, pp. 195-200) NIJ
politics cannot be founded on identity The problem is the extent to which the progressive and conservative approaches to the question of oppression are two sides of the same horizon Today’s politics of impunity is designed to secure consent of the ruled the ruled must at the same be convinced their domination is the price to be paid for their freedom Biocapitalism is not a simple matter of consent it requires the post-political view that opposition is a thing of the past biocapitalism the dominant strains of academic identity politics solutions must therefore be made consistent with the neoliberal order The faulty premises and effects of call-outs include non-transformative violence the homogenisation of minority groups; lack of follow-up and resource-sharing the conflation of queer/trans/women’s spaces with everyplace; the exploitation of the uneven development of political awareness as a strategy of exclusion; the failure to negotiate disagreement the conflation of queer with radical the avoidance of specific demands in favour of interpersonal animosity |
0443de2a25c6abdf5bb591f05d9acb69788a086f75f59ee78abf4a32742a826d | van den bergh and botzen 24 | 2. Alternative instruments fail due to the rebound effect.
Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh and Wouter W.J. Botzen. 24. van den Bergh is a ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, is the deputy director for Research of its Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, is the professor of Environmental and Resource Economics at VU University Amsterdam, and earned a master's degree in Econometrics and Operations Research from Tilburg University and a doctorate in economics from VU University Amsterdam. Botzen is full Professor of Economics of Global Environmental Change at the Utrecht University School of Economics, is the Professor of Economics of Climate Change and Natural Disasters and the Head at the Department of Environmental Economics at the Institute for Environmental Studies at VU University Amsterdam, is a senior research fellow at the Risk Management and Decision Processes Center at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and earned his PhD from the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration at VU University Amsterdam and his MSc Economics from the University of Maastricht. “Assessing Criticisms of Carbon Pricing”. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, 2024, 18: 1–70. https://doi.org/10.1561/101.00000172
cumulative cost effects due to system-wide pricing cause threshold effects rebound includes more intense use of energy-efficient tech and spending money savings on high-carbon goods Pricing energy proportionally controls both channels increased emissions due to rebound compensated through a higher carbon price Alternative instruments score badly subsidies make adoption or purchase more affordable, which spill over to more intense use or spending close coupling between energy consumption and GDP is due to rebound study finds economy-wide rebound be 50% or higher meaning policy effectiveness is more than halved if unaddressed. |
0144a16b2647cd9ef80e0985c145bfbb3ae9709d5a9276c85113f99c22dbf14f | Difference between Trump and Harris | They have yet to create an impression of Harris.
Martin 9/4, [Michel Martin is a host of Morning Edition. Previously, she was the weekend host of All Things Considered and host of the Consider This Saturday podcast, where she drew on her deep reporting and interviewing experience to dig in to the week's news. Outside the studio, she has also hosted "Michel Martin: Going There," an ambitious live event series in collaboration with Member stations. Martin came to NPR in 2006 and launched Tell Me More, a one-hour daily NPR news and talk show that aired on NPR stations nationwide from 2007-2014 and dipped into thousands of important conversations taking place in the corridors of power, but also in houses of worship, and barber shops and beauty shops, at PTA meetings, town halls, and at the kitchen table. She has spent more than 25 years as a journalist — first in print with major newspapers and then in television. Tell Me More marked her debut as a full-time public radio show host. Martin says, "What makes public radio special is that it's got both intimacy and reach all at once. For the cost of a phone call, I can take you around the world. But I'm right there with you in your car, in your living room or kitchen or office, in your iPod. Radio itself is an incredible tool and when you combine that with the global resources of NPR plus the commitment to quality, responsibility and civility, it's an unbeatable combination." Martin has also served as contributor and substitute host for NPR newsmagazines and talk shows, including Talk of the Nation and News & Notes. Martin joined NPR from ABC News, where she worked since 1992. She served as correspondent for Nightline from 1996 to 2006, reporting on such subjects as the congressional budget battles, the U.S. embassy bombings in Africa, racial profiling and the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. At ABC, she also contributed to numerous programs and specials, including the network's award-winning coverage of Sept. 11, a documentary on the Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas controversy, a critically acclaimed AIDS special and reports for the ongoing series "America in Black and White." Martin reported for the ABC newsmagazine Day One, winning an Emmy for her coverage of the international campaign to ban the use of landmines, and was a regular panelist on This Week with George Stephanopoulos. She also hosted the 13-episode series Life 360, an innovative program partnership between Oregon Public Broadcasting and Nightline incorporating documentary film, performance and personal narrative; it aired on public television stations across the country. Before joining ABC, Martin covered state and local politics for the Washington Post and national politics and policy at the Wall Street Journal, where she was White House correspondent. She has also been a regular panelist on the PBS series Washington Week and a contributor to NOW with Bill Moyers. Martin has been honored by numerous organizations, including the Candace Award for Communications from The National Coalition of 100 Black Women, the Joan Barone Award for Excellence in Washington-based National Affairs/Public Policy Broadcasting from the Radio and Television Correspondents' Association and a 2002 Silver Gavel Award, given by the American Bar Association. Along with her Emmy award, she received three additional Emmy nominations, including one with WNYC's Robert Krulwich, at the time an ABC contributor as well, for an ABC News program examining children's racial attitudes. In 2019, Martin was elected into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for outstanding achievement in journalism. She is the 2021 recipient of PMJA's 2021 Leo C. Lee Award.]
main thing undecided voters have in common is they're low-info voters They're not tuned in every day they have not been getting stream of info about difference between Trump and Harris they're saying they really haven't focused yet 15% of the population |
0466a22d77efe5166451832e82547919f516b08808cd6399f7d31b578a66192e | colonialism is a shape-shifter | Turn -- Colonialism shifts to renewables
Aissa Dearing 5-2 (Aissa Dearing ,May 2, 2024, environmental justice activist and a PhD student at the University of Oxford "Renewable Energy and Settler Colonialism", JSTOR Daily, https://daily.jstor.org/renewable-energy-and-settler-colonialism/)
colonialism is a shape-shifter development of renewable energy resources haven’t reached all communities equally Infrastructure creation is shaped by uneven geographies, with development occurring in a way that promotes the , state found creative ways to maintain eminent domain over Tribal coal, gold, oil, and gas, and, now, lands for renewable energy Tribal lands resources vulnerable to corporate renewable energy expansion due to the relative absence of land use regulation and lack of financial incentives the constraints of being unable to participate on the international stage erode Tribal sovereignty, leaving Tribes unable to shape energy policy and trade . |
01edfc8b8eaf925f3b2d81742d26b853798956fbd410e661513dfbf4027ea239 | Biscaye ‘23 | 4---The consensus of recent studies finds unexpected food shocks decrease the odds of war.
Biscaye ‘23 [Pierre; May 15th; PhD Agricultural and Resource Economics at UC Berkeley, Masters in International Development at the University of Washington, Bachelors in International Studies at Whiteworth University, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, “Agricultural Shocks and Conflict in the Short- and Long-Term: Evidence from Desert Locust Swarms”, 10.22004/ag.econ.337142]
locust swarms decrease the likelihood of violent conflict by 20% after controlling for local characteristics Swarms decrease the risk of conflict much more in ag ricultural areas households would prefer to respond to an agricultural shock by engaging in a productive activity than engage in conflict as has been shown by recent studies |
040ac22bac352dc1c2f9fd5ad8ee50a21dc35fd16687cc8ed12090f9eb6e17ac | closed economy of utility | The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.
Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937
prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility |
023a3a7cb255b09f2ad427f9a69fcd314b7e6858b52442468f38e9fd2142dab0 | AGI impossible | No AGI---it’s impossible without abstract and complex understanding of consciousness.
Lehewych ’22 [Daniel; March 31; M.A. in Philosophy from the City University of New York Graduate Center, professional freelance writer; Big Think, “The subtle art of language: why artificial general intelligence might be impossible,” https://bigthink.com/the-future/artificial-general-intelligence-impossible/]
Consciousness is mysterious regarded as unsolvable “ a g i globally in 72 projects — has not produced conscious robots Language is key to a g i consciousness consists of abstract meanings. And a i is incapable engineers and scientists a i because the human is itself a mystery ability to think abstractly is impossible to code AGI certainly remain impossible |
03e4e72b66c256d010071a10f9ce9f3f0e16c9f7612e01094a9a0be394135f0b | war in Mexico | Trump invades Mexico---that’s existential
De Loera-Brust 23 – former special assistant to the U.S. secretary of state
Bomb Mexico proposals are the most harmful ideas ever entertained the Mexico relationship involves daily coop on water c t trade Trump fantasized about military force on Mexican soil starting a war in Mexico is not impossible The proposal should be taken as the real threat to security that it is. Mexico strongly opposes it coop already hangs by a thread There is no doubt any plausible leader would refuse permission we could end up fighting the Mexican gov consequences are hard to overemphasize the Mexican war was the deadliest foreign conflict in U.S. history Guerrilla activity plague U.S. forces weak nations can inflict real damage Even if the gov stayed out we’d be left with counterinsurgency a remake of Iraq proximity means any conflict would instantly create impacts at home cartels would fight back inflict violence on American streets migration would fuel xenophobic massacres wars are a Pandora’s box Mexico is the U S most important relationship Millions depend on trade As we challenge pandemics and great-power competition the U S desperately needs Mexico ability to near shore critical industries and climate require coop |
029df67d532c7013bcbda928f14835a35f9253fdcd9760b10b00d9f2986a6838 | democracy collapse political instability | Federalism is key to democracy
Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG
American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments |
01a57a3be227b2d8f337f6689066f9fe4b759a5a081786ffd4f12612f8bb2c21 | policy change across subsystems | The term ‘Clean Energy Policy’ requires broad systemic change---that’s key to limits & ground.
Jonas Meckling and Nicholas Goedeking 2023, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, “Coalition cascades: The politics of tipping points in clean energy transitions”, July 20, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/psj.12507, accessed 9/29/24, HMc
clean energy policy plays out across several subsystems, including electricity, transport, and housing in shifting interconnected policy subsystems into a new equilibrium requires policy change across subsystems . subsystem interdependencies exist across an array of policy issues gas policy has spillover effects for electricity changes in monetary policy spill over into housing A coordination problem exists if policy change in subsystem A is stymied by a lack of policy change in subsystem B. positive trans-subsystem policy change relates to other types of policy change, yet is distinct from them minor change relates to a change in a subcomponent of the policy subsystem, whereas major change refers to subsystem-wide change Both minor and major policy changes can contribute to policy change but are distinct from policy change that results in systemwide tipping points. |
030df4f617ac3788f03d4376ebda3265a6d143bb8c721ef8dc0372317b743315 | grid long-term planning | The U.S. grid is staggeringly complex and cannot be centrally-planned. Publicly owned grids being good in the abstract tells us nothing about how to get from here to there. BUT, mechanisms like the plan are empirically effective for breaking the stranglehold of current utilities.
Walter 23 - Professor of Law at Texas A&M University.
physics demand the grid be perfectly balanced in supply and demand at the microsecond level This requires private intermediaries that operate switches power providers must be paid price-making based on optimization of staggering complexity details are designed by economists and industry The grid requires long-term planning for capacity despite managerialism participatory reforms helped bring consciousness into day-to-day operation Democratic Innovation inevitably beyond managerialism new entrants to power sector bring new business models climate change and imperative to decarbonize is in tension with keeping flow of power going The fight is taking back energy democracy from RTOs CAISO has been at the forefront to democratize grid management incorporating law as petition for rulemaking open to all comers regardless of status as a market participant |
034f7ba8aa8f62d93a53fbad34b574b49f5264ece2f75527f23c33871d9d74cd | revenue through hybrid tax swap | It'd generate revenue through a hybrid tax swap, rebate, and green spending program.
Split is likely 10% in direct rebates for the lowest income groups, 40% in tax swaps, and 50% in green spending.
a hybrid approach of a carbon-for-capital tax swap plus rebates balance efficiency and equity remaining revenues financ green development or fund energy efficiency programs Taxes on capital and income distort the economy Reducing those would mitigate the economic impact of carbon pricing increase GDP the regressivity of tax swaps overstated. lowering corporate tax rates would result in a progressive distribution lawmakers for political reasons are likely to merge approaches a capital tax reduction that diverts roughly 10 percent of revenue toward rebates neutraliz impact on those households . |
01dadc7009317de24f97b084934232c570b8081fa7d676a7aeb299600cc59bd4 | predicting future events | The aff’s method is key — we pose problems, study them, and then propose contingent solutions — that inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making
Bennet 12 — Sara Bennet (Poli Sci Prof at Penn State), 2012, “Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published. pages 63-72
conclusions must be generalizable Predicting future events , and making choices requires we believe regularities exist We can be scientific in the face of randomness it is useful to frame the discussion of SSIP in the context of policy assessment policy teach students to be critical evaluators Part of teaching students should be why leaders are suggesting policy actions , and evaluate whether the actions make sense A single anecdote is less strong than a systematically collected sampled set of facts , cases data points. Generalization , and forecasting requires specific pieces of infor more the better. The scientific language may help students assess complicated political situations an SSIP-oriented teaching should be asking questions such as , What is your evidence? What are your cases ? Were they selected fairly |
00af5e05fbe995d0a9ce9bc01af5d352dc8f861037007b13e568c5638f3adb0a | Harris vs Trump | Harris has momentum with likely voters but her edge is razor thin - a significant portion could still vote switch.
Agiesta et al 9-24-24, (Jennifer, Ariel Edwards-Levy and Edward Wu, https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/24/politics/polls-trump-harris-presidential-election/index.html)
The race is exceedingly close Among likely voters SSRS finds 48% Harris 47% Trump even with independent likely voters Harris at 45% Trump 41 2 % of likely say they haven’t chosen a candidate 12% could change their minds Harris has begun to build a more positive image outpacing Trump across several measures Harris’ favorability climbed to its highest A narrow majority say Harris’ temperament align with what they want in a president . |
005aec4bae0b45b020d8dbd1acf2cda5656bf62496a2532f29de0c0d649cc98f | Amy Myers Jaffe 20 | No link---Gulf states are prepared for the transition.
Amy Myers Jaffe 20. senior fellow for energy and the environment director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stranded Assets and Sovereign States.” National Institute Economic Review, No. 25. 2-5-2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.4
national oil companies of the Gulf are taking most ambitious measures to reduce emissions and pivot to renewable energy comprehensive study found Saudi Aramco have lowest emissions among major producers via energy efficiency Aramco also invest in CCS as demand shrinks |
00ad083d2e6acae2dd89615a5ffeaa014c0452e7c343e38c131817b90c3b24ab | John Mueller nuclear terrorism | 5. No nuke terror.
Dr. John Mueller 23, Professor of Political Science at THE Ohio State University, PhD and Masters from UCLA, AB from University of Chicago, “The Risk of Nuclear Terrorism”, Oxford Handbook of Nuclear Security, 6/20/23, OUP
risk of nuc terror low unlikely 'loose nukes' exist, and equally unlikely a market in materials exists terrorists face organizational and technical hurdles , fears they will acquire unjustified ev of any desire and progress negligible |
01a646fdc2c17c74ba600a03b38ebd1278d1817ee71feefd3fa16492b4e9dd99 | Myanna Dellinger | Carbon tax alone gets modeled. That’s 1AC Rathi and…
Dellinger 22, former professor of business and international law, JD, PhD Candidate (Myanna, “Carbon Taxation for Climate Change Mitigation,” LSU Journal of Energy Law and Resources, 11.1)//BB
t]he most important thing climate leaders can do is demonstrate what successful carbon pricing looks like at home That success could be emulated by others the world needs to kickstart national action as soon as possible , especially the United States |
029df67d532c7013bcbda928f14835a35f9253fdcd9760b10b00d9f2986a6838 | trust local government | Federalism is key to democracy
Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG
American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments |
006285ff2254df1433b1261c8f9e5e55b5841e5c6c2d27eaacc687e9bd0c2d00 | Indigenous peoples do not need saving | White Saviorism DA: the perm deflates Indigenous projects of decolonization and engages in white saviorism by participating in piece-meal reform, proving the aff dismisses Indigenous autonomy.
Hernandez 22 (Dr. Jessica Hernandez is a transnational Indigenous scholar, scientist, and community advocate based in the Pacific Northwest. She has an interdisciplinary academic background ranging from marine sciences to forestry. Her work is grounded in her Indigenous cultures and ways of knowing. Hernandez advocates for climate, energy, and environmental justice through her scientific and community work and strongly believes that Indigenous sciences can heal our Indigenous lands. She is the founder of Piña Soul, SPC, an environmental consulting and artesanias hybrid business that supports Black- and Indigenous-led conservation and environmental projects through community mutual aids and microgrants. “Fresh Banana Leaves : Healing Indigenous Landscapes through Indigenous Science 9781623176068, 2021027787, 2021027788, 9781623176051, 1623176069 - DOKUMEN.PUB.” Dokumen.pub, dokumen.pub, 2022, dokumen.pub/fresh-banana-leaves-healing-indigenous-landscapes-through-indigenous-science-9781623176068-2021027787-2021027788-9781623176051-1623176069.html. Accessed 30 July 2024.)//TM
we read stories that highlight our communities’ vulnerability these stories end up harming us more because they create cycle of white saviorism that makes people assume we need someone to save us roots itself in “Brown victimhood that urges European descendants to take moral duty to save oppressed founded on white egocentric myth that there is something Brown people must need that only white people give Indigenous peoples do not need saving What we need is people to take responsibility fo actions and oppression enacted against us. White saviorism dismisses autonomy and resilience as government does not have best interest This is why we become resourceful to help families and communities We need to move away from white saviorism as it is a modern day version of manifest destiny What we demand is for us to regain autonomy to manage and oversee natural resources |
007fdcb42fc337689b62fe790a672357c7d7234ebf5ed7277d88562d74b8cff3 | China collapse recession | Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan invasion, global economic collapse, nuclear weapons use, and rampant instability.
Weichert 23 (Brandon Weichert, M.A. Statecraft and National Security Specializing in Defense Policy, Defense Contributor at The National Interest, September 29, 2023, “What Happens If China Collapses?” https://www.19fortyfive.com/2023/09/what-happens-if-china-collapses/ [Accessed 6-25-24])//g6
the total collapse of China truly nightmare scenario economic headwinds political stability is threatened. In China with a large nuclear capability – as well as w m d s instability is very bad . Xi gets the blame To distract people from failure Xi is belligerent with Taiwan the more the economy collapses, the more likely China will risk war Xi could be ousted various factions arise creating a multi-sided civil war with nukes and WMDs on the loose total collapse would collapse the global economy largest recession in decades Everything would be affected |
0392b6eac3a3813c2957dff8c220671bb2f9e3728282dbdd82ed603697b21a6b | Sam Ervin | ‘Adopt’ means to create an official, final rule.
Ervin 20 – Sam J, a North Carolina lawyer and jurist who served on the North Carolina Supreme Court from 2015 to 2022. He previously served as a state Utilities Commissioner and as a judge of the North Carolina Court of Appeals. “Cabarrus County Board of Education v. Department of State Treasurer”, Supreme Court of North Carolina, 04-03-2020
adopt explicitly defined to take final action to create amend, or repeal 'adopt' has the same meaning any time 'adopt' is used it requires an associated rule |
02745af816313fe1da5792fd60b339f70880d926a80b1be5d0b627f2607f3caa | carbon capture clean energy | That’s how it’s classified
Light* and Skinner** 21, *Mitchell J. Blutt and Margo Krody Blutt Presidential Professor; Professor of Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton Legal Studies & Business Ethics Department. **Associate Professor of Legal Studies & Business Ethics; Co-Director: Wharton Initiative on Financial Policy and Regulation @ Wharton Legal Studies & Business Ethics Department. (Sarah E.* & Christina P.**, October, 2021, ESSAY: BANKS AND CLIMATE GOVERNANCE, 121 Colum. L. Rev. 1895, 1907-1908. Lexis accessed online via KU Libraries)
clean energy like carbon capture |
03046f33c54a48c0ccbae047291873fb6b256bd6c7f642ea841607a5a1ce5f12 | solarpunk subverts status quo | [LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.
Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip
A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future . |
0243ea0bcfd571ec2ffd634427368e2b27a3a05d1c7c5b757dccda54c052d28c | Paul Driessen | No ocean acidification impact --- it’s a joke --- pH levels just can’t change significantly and acidity increase is glacially slow
Driessen 15 (Paul, senior policy advisor with the Committee For A Constructive Tomorrow and Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise, previously worked at the Sierra Club and the Department of the Interior/US Senate, BA in geology and field ecology from Lawrence University, JD from the University of Denver College of Law, and accreditation in public relations from the Public Relations Society of America, “Climate Hype Exposed”, google books)
carbon dioxide emissions are making oceans more acidic . ridiculous exaggerated, disproven climate scares with a new panic . Earth’s oceans have never been acidic ; they are alkaline impossible for vast volumes of water to become acidic recent years is a decline of about 0.034 pH it would take 700 years for oceans to become minimally acidic . impacts will not be cataclysmic |
046b16aecd69b3b5c5bb169ceee940d4449e2d5f302123e0e369faef225d819e | Don’t trust Silver | Don’t trust Silver. He’s a not-so-shy Trump pollster.
Economic Times 9-7-2024 (“U.S elections: Has Nate Silver skewed data in favour of Donald Trump, he faces backlash on social media,” https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/u-s-elections-has-nate-silver-skewed-data-in-favour-of-donald-trump-he-faces-backlash-on-social-media/articleshow/113155242.cms#google_vignette)
Silver's election model favors less trustworthy surveys and benefits from his affiliation with a betting organization despite criticisms of FiveThirtyEight, he is now making similar adjustments he is giving more weight to less reputable polls Silver’s involvement with Polymarket has a conflict of interest The endorsement from Trump highlights the controversial model |
03e4e72b66c256d010071a10f9ce9f3f0e16c9f7612e01094a9a0be394135f0b | De Loera-Brust 23 | Trump invades Mexico---that’s existential
De Loera-Brust 23 – former special assistant to the U.S. secretary of state
Bomb Mexico proposals are the most harmful ideas ever entertained the Mexico relationship involves daily coop on water c t trade Trump fantasized about military force on Mexican soil starting a war in Mexico is not impossible The proposal should be taken as the real threat to security that it is. Mexico strongly opposes it coop already hangs by a thread There is no doubt any plausible leader would refuse permission we could end up fighting the Mexican gov consequences are hard to overemphasize the Mexican war was the deadliest foreign conflict in U.S. history Guerrilla activity plague U.S. forces weak nations can inflict real damage Even if the gov stayed out we’d be left with counterinsurgency a remake of Iraq proximity means any conflict would instantly create impacts at home cartels would fight back inflict violence on American streets migration would fuel xenophobic massacres wars are a Pandora’s box Mexico is the U S most important relationship Millions depend on trade As we challenge pandemics and great-power competition the U S desperately needs Mexico ability to near shore critical industries and climate require coop |
03dc473507fffbd39b956bf6be7af89dce2ac8a4ca37186fe606380a3c9ba3fc | Should not immediate | Should’s not immediate
Dictionary.com 10 – (“Definition: Should”, dictionary.com, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should)
should used to express condition See also shall intend to I shall go later |
00883e3198f9bd8a06c6c1519998a24d2a287c755522d62c9738be246db5ff48 | Fed explanation obligation | 4. The Fed is above the radar. It’s perceived well by the electorate now, but a big blunder before the election has a decisive political cost.
Campbell 24 (Kyle Campbell, reporter, covers the Federal Reserve and housing policy for American Banker. Quoting Ben Bernanke, Jerome Powell and Janet Yellen, current/former chairmen of the Federal Reserve, April 24, 2024, “Buy the People: Why everyone loves to hate the Fed,” https://www.americanbanker.com/podcast/buy-the-people-why-everyone-loves-to-hate-the-fed [Accessed 10-18-24])//g6
The Fed had been inching out of the shadows through policy statements and projections opened the institution to the general population Yellen kept that spirit alive the Fed provided more clearer information about goals Powell held conferences after every meeting invited the public to weigh in on policy through outreach program We have obligation to explain what we are doing despite the Fed's desire to reach people deep skepticism is hard to dislodge politicians blamed it for many things Heading into this year's elections , the Fed appears to be on the right side of issues no guarantee it stays above the political fray as the election heats up the Fed people love to hate |
03dc6ed8da18e48715ec0e073cb8db91b26bc33906342b0b047c8db2f583330a | Dennis Morgan | Nuclear Terror Triggers global nuclear War.
Morgan, 09 (Dennis Ray Morgan, professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS) in South Korea. 2009, Futures Volume 41, Issue 10 , "World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016328709001049)//Babcii
terrorists know about nuclear tensions figured out best way to escalate is to set off a exchange precarious hair-trigger basis web rests on Any accident unleash use likelihood of rapid escalation quite high each country would act under use them or lose them’’ once Pandora’s Box is opened it will be the signal for permission for anyone to use them emerging renewable energy tech such as s m r s face questions around feasibility and affordability and the U S has recently signed agreements with countries to explore SMR However given risks and public wariness nuclear power is not likely to play a significant role in the region’s energy transition by 2050 |
042df21df0fb9322ef2eff8e76038e6e81ce89997612b8fab306fff199d97d76 | Jim Talent | Technology is critical to retaining deterrence in an uncertain military era.
Jim Talent et al 19, Senior Fellow, Bipartisan Policy Center, Former U.S. Senator (R-MO), Robert O. Work, Distinguished Senior Fellow, Center for a New American Security, Former Deputy Secretary of Defense, 12/3/19, "The Contest for Innovation: Strengthening America’s National Security Innovation Base in an Era of Strategic Competition", Report of the Task Force on 21st-Century National Security Technology and Workforce, The Ronald Reagan Institute, https://www.reaganfoundation.org/media/355297/the_contest_for_innovation_report.pdf
U S competition will revolve around tech superiority between The outcome will determine whether a free and open system will remain Russia and China seeks to reestablish global power to weaken the U S alliances China’s challenging the U S in every region of the world. the mission is to deter a great-power war and, if deterrence fails, to prevent escalation An important key is military–tech superiority . the conventional overmatch the U S has relied upon is eroding If this continues deterrence will fail, leaving the U S to face armed conflict |
040dff8a6ae8743b83924830ab47c1d07305ea0f5d0460279f41de9d0d8c59af | capitalism ecological collapse nuclear war | Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.
Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/
capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war |
03b742692443da3f06e29594fcaf339d598338f6f93f2df6aabb6e71b5624e75 | Electrification requires existing inequalities | Decarbonization further electrifies modernity by circulating more energy and solidifying relationships of power that are anti-black. Siphoning energy can rework these structures of power.
Dr. Sage Gerson 22, Assistant Professor at the Rhode Island School of Design, June 2022, “Introduction: The Leaky Grid,” Introduction to The Leaky Grid: Black and Native Electrified Imaginaries, pp. 1-25, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s96972x
As climate change intensifies Many imagine electrification to transition from fossil fuels Yet energy transition merely swaps one source for another , retains “ existing inequalities —indeed, requires them climate change, a result of colonialism capitalism , and injustice , is not solely an emissions issue it is dangerous to reduce climate change to ‘emissions’ and leave the processes that caused climate change we “have to reimagine electricity use that does not extend the patterns of the present continues colonial extraction and Indigenous displacement the grid , and modernity produce racialized violence through environmental white supremacy against the grid’s colonialist mythology of control and containment electricity siphoning provid opportunity to unpack web of power relations that electrification is at the center of infrastructural systems electricity are wrapped up in modernity While narratives construct Black people as outside modernity, The Leaky Grid prioritizes electrified Black cultural production to ensure they are no longer relegated to the outskirts the connection between progress and electricity is more complex and extractive than progress infrastructure materializes power relations electricity theft displays the grid’s porosity and provides opportunity to unpack relations and to unsettle white relationships to energy and the environment Energy circulation cannot exist without environmental conquest and control Infrastructures are “ always vulnerable through electricity theft never closed |
00aa9020f8f583ee429e4b696cf2e8b6096189b0f63f7d6c90272ad0da22954d | Falling fares international flights | 4. Flight prices low.
Whitley 24, writer for Bloomberg, citing James Kavanagh, Director of the Officer of Leasure at Brisbane Flight Center Travel Group LTD (Angus Whitley, July 24, 2024, “Airlines Are Finally Cutting Ticket Prices as Flight Numbers Rise,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-24/air-fare-pain-eases-as-pricing-power-swings-back-to-passengers)
Passengers are winning from fare madness that followed the pandemic and price declines are coming As travel restrictions lifted prices ballooned falling fares reflect growing number of international flights and a public that is cost conscious It’s not just a blip , it’s a global trend Airlines certainly don’t have all the power fares fell 6% in 2024 Prices continue to fall With pressure airlines seeking to fill planes there are deals for early bookers |
02681b85a69b99f65861e88d877893bbe9f608370596112357f953b004bf0423 | magnitude numbing existential risks | Existential risks are underrated.
Jonathan B. Wiener 16, Law and Public Policy Professor at Duke University, University Fellow at the Resources for the Future, Past President of the Society for Risk Analysis, the scientific committee member at the International Risk Governance Council, “The Tragedy of the Uncommons: On the Politics of Apocalypse”, Global Policy, 7(S1): Too Big to Handle: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Question of Why Societies Ignore Looming Disasters, 6-6-16, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1758-5899.12319, Stras
ultra risks are not experienced it is experts, applying quant methods while public seems less interested Describing risks in a speech is less effective in stimulating reaction the prefrontal cortex draw on experience brain relies on ‘available’ events even for analytic about scenarios unavailability’ neglect compound disdain for warnings second is magnitude psych large impact yields ‘ numbing’ as lives rise respondents feel overwhelmed The ‘end of the world’ may be too much disabling rather than mobilizing people deflect problems so large they would consume capacity public may be eager to save the refugee less willing to save a large unidentified population ex risks lack a single individual |
0353ed3a37f29845fe2fa282afeded670b9cd7d8d24665f2ed42912e1420b813 | tax swap act emissions | Specifically, the plan will get horsetraded. That kills solvency.
John Cushman 18. Staff writer at Inside Climate, former board of governors of the National Press Club and professor at Vermont Law School. “Carbon Tax and the Art of the Deal: Time for Some Horse-Trading.” Inside Climate. July 25, 2018. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/25072018/republican-carbon-tax-bill-carlos-curbelo-congress-climate-change-regulation-highway-funding-gas-trade-offs/
legislation in Congress to put a tax on carbon even those who spoke approvingly refer to it as a conversation For the bill to have any chance, it’ll have to start some horse-trading Without some give and take likely to go nowhere spend the money for raw political appeal modernizing highways horse-trading especially intense attempt to bridge profound political divisions To gain support increase the share recycled through tax cuts tax swap act of political pragmatism environmentalists bristle expected to produce only modest emissions reductions |
0156ba9b17b37a8179db8acf3d3330e0b0a92acea635695189a083d8faba8cf1 | Canavan 18 | Citation of killmonger turns the aff—allies them with black panther afrofuturism, ensures that the radical potential of the aff fades in time for Marvel’s next film
Canavan 18, Gerry---associate professor of 20th and 21st century literature at Marquette University (“The Limits of Black Panther's Afrofuturism,” Frieze, February 27, 2018, accessed September 9, 2019, https://frieze.com/article/limits-black-panthers-afrofuturism)
the strange temporality that characterizes comic-book narratives a anti- narrative : events ‘happen’ only so that they may quickly be reversed Franchise time represents a fatal challenge to the transcendent Afrofuturism of Black Panther because of the narrative requirements of franchise time – Wakanda will have to continue not to exist after Black Panther A world with an unhidden Wakanda would look nothing like our world What Wakanda would mean to the globe would be so radical as to permanently sever the connection between ‘ there’ and ‘ here’ on which the eternal present of Marvel is based Wakanda will never be allowed to become the incredible hyper-power Black Panther demand it would Wakanda's true moment of emergence will always be forestalled the radical historical difference of Black Panther’s Afrofuturist vision will not be allowed to stay either radical or different franchise time demands that the question of Wakandan superiority and its challenge to American empire will fade into the past as the string of sequels introduce stories whose own narrative development will also always reset back to one for the next show |
012660c4a717a50e34700a8e809fd53d50c9059972bb1121ca44369fb26cbde9 | Church 2024 | 2. DISSIPATION: alkaline materials are temporary and degrade.
Church 24, Fisheries Policy Director at the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Professional Science M.A. from UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science and Technology (Aubrey Church, July 8, 2024, “Comment submitted by Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (CCFA),” https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0591-0070)
While alkaline must be at ocean surface to remove carbon dye will disperse vertically this creates conflicts with marine users and fisheries destratification to hurricane s or storms could cause alkalinity to go below the layer |
03da0e7d00636d0145b05a065dc8c2b66b0296c273940e2d41e20650b2b522aa | hurts trade, national interests, consumers | Carbon tariffs divide allied approaches to Ukraine.
Young & Bakst ‘23 [Ryan Young is a senior economist at the Competitive Enterprise Institute; Daren Bakst is Director of the Competitive Enterprise Institute's Center for Energy and Environment and a Senior Fellow. "Carbon tariffs will hurt trade, national interests, and consumers", Washington Examiner - Political News and Conservative Analysis About Congress, the President, and the Federal Government https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/2579058/carbon-tariffs-will-hurt-trade-national-interests-and-consumers/ published 7-25-2023, accessed 1-11-2025]
there’s the timing . Squabbling raises tensions among allies at time of fear of Ukraine Liberal countries need to form alliances tariff give free countries excuse to fight among themselves instead of showing united front against Putin Biden’s Pause To Be Lifted Trump has pledged to end the “pause as one of his first acts and has promised to speed up permitting the pause in the rearview mirror ” by 2025 pause looks like little more than a speed bump it was limited to few projects the planning stages ; it didn’t affect large terminals Biden will not change export policy at all . this will have been a blip It depends on the election |
01140b587a72e1bcb47216d2b134090c4836b042befd413cdc3e9c38be6a85c1 | Trump escalates nuclear | Trump escalates every nuclear hot spot.
Talmadge ’24 [Caitlin; July 8; Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science, and International Affairs at The George Washington University; Brookings, “How Would Trump and Biden Handle US Nuclear Policy Upon Reelection?” https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-would-trump-and-biden-handle-us-nuclear-policy-upon-reelection/]
if reelected second Trump hostility toward arms control and cavalier attitude toward nuc risk the propensity for Trump’s tendencies to produce serious nuc risks . Iran is close to a nuc No Ko threaten U S China arsenal is expanding as confront Taiwan . And Russia engaged in conventional war on NATO border. Any situations produce a nuc crisis during future admin Trump prone to escalate |
03fa1fc79f917f15556f0c60eb5ed22f2145e0520e6fbabb9b96643b8e80141a | Capitalism is sustainable | Capitalism is sustainable otherwise transition wars.
Karlsson 21 - (Rasmus Karlsson, Department of Political Science, Umeå University; 6-18-2021, Social Theory for the Anthropocene: Thinking and Acting in a Disrupted Planet, "Learning in the Anthropocene," doa: 2-25-2022) url: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/10/6/233
Experiencing permanent scarcity conflict was endemic to pre-capitalist societies . already accumulated emissions exceeds the 1.5-degree target even if all stop today . removal will require an advanced industrial society . behavioral change remains insufficient or provokes a strong political counterreaction . countries committed to growth gain a military advantage . a collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence large-scale carbon capture tech appear essential use will become necessary if disaster is to be avoided |
0229fd23be47282ae16dac86dc82ea92dec50173ed7390a36fd6478eeab60ece | China military and tech weaker | China lacks the means and motive for a Sinocentric order.
Weiss 23, PhD, professor of government at Cornell University. (Jessica Chen, 5-4-2023, "Even China Isn’t Convinced It Can Replace the U.S.," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/04/opinion/china-us-world-order.html)
Assessments of China based on cherry-picked phrases from propaganda overlook the gap between rhetoric and reality it is far from clear it can or seeks to replace the U S China’s development largess is limited by the imperative of addressing needs at home Beijing prefers peaceful reunification China could lose a war and face sanctions These would be devastating jeopardizing regime security and rejuvenation facing economic headwinds and a shrinking population There is broad recognition in China it remains militarily and technologically weaker and that mod depends on a stable order |
00b474eac4634765426d433fa916850605c681c51595e2e53654d690106645f4 | climate change minimal economic impact | No economic collapse from warming—damage to the economy would be trivial in the worst-case scenario.
Koonin 21 – Professor of Information, Operations and Management at the NYU Stern School of Business.
Steven Koonin, “Unsettled: What is the Economic Impact of Climate Change?”, ProMarket, 8/11/12, https://www.promarket.org/2021/08/11/unsettled-climate-change-economy-steve-koonin/
twenty published estimates show projected temp rise would impact the economy by 3 percent or less 3 percent in 2100 translates to a decrease in growth rate by 0.04 percent per year the UN report says the economic impact is negligible For most sectors climate will be small relative to population age income tech regulation The consensus on minimal overall economic impact is well known to experts very large warming would diminish the US by 4 percent the US will be four times larger in 2090 warming would delay growth by only two years the notion of climate economic disaster remains alive in the media even the official assessment indicate significant climate change would have negligible net economic impact on the US |
02c7465a719cd5ac0e566838ae92e6e27eb16cfc193896f602432e3e1cb57bd6 | monitoring doesn't affect war chance | The risk of accidental war defies all logic and evidence.
Dr. Stephen L. Quackenbush 23. Associate Professor of Political Science & Director of Defense and Strategic Studies at the University of Missouri, Former President of the International Studies Association – Midwest, Former S3 Operations Officer in the United States Army, Ph.D. in Political Science from the State University of New York, Buffalo, “The Problem with Accidental War,” 2023, Conflict Management and Peace Science, p. 10-11, [italics in original]
a divide between accidental war in models and lit central is that something inadvertent results in war purely by chance , without choice no cases correspond no war is accidental mistaken warning about incomplete info only way for monitoring to affect likelihood is making info complete Info can affect the likelihood leaders choose war , but will not affect war from chance Incomplete info is already accounted for both logic and evidence contradict accidental war |
00ee807b310c3c578a7f925a5d206a6ec86803ef3cb015460e1183b815a38640 | fossil fuels drive inflation | Energy price volatility is structurally inevitable, drives inflation, and constrains growth absent a hastened renewables transition
Kelly, 7/17/2024 – Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, MSc in Political Science from York University [Jessica, “How Fossil Fuels Drive Inflation and Make Life Less Affordable for Canadians”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/fossil-fuels-drive-inflation-canada]//iowa-debate
as climate change worsens, risks to fossil fuel assets and supply chains global market responses , geopolitics increase price volatility. Transitioning insulate against volatile inflation also reduce energy use volatility is unavoidable oil and gas are subject to boom-and-bust commodity cycle a surge in demand extreme weather conflict) could create a price spike reliance on fossil fuels magnifies the impact that supply disruptions have on the economy energy reliance means prices are the most volatile component of overall inflation by a significant margin volatility is expected to worsen polar vortex grid relies heavily on gas, but frozen equipment shut down refineries wildfires abruptly impact prices market responses could increase price volatility lower levels of global cooperation increase the risk of market disruptions and price shocks investment in reliable , efficient low-cost energy is essential to mitigate the impact of fluctuations |
03c161d3e3e411f2f9898bdb03fe436b8725d3b2f16bfb7bf2a23483f9a21147 | Pandemics cause extinction | Extinction
Larson et al. 20 (Nicklas, Senior Advisor and Writer at SCENARIO and the Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies; “Future pandemics: A growing existential risk,” 6-25-2020, SCENARIO, https://medium.com/copenhagen-institute-for-futures-studies/future-pandemics-a-growing-existential-risk-9c08f3d5358e, acccessed: 10-31-2020)//ddv – edited for gendered language
COVID was not unanticipated interconnectedness of civilisation made it easier and the frequency of outbreaks is accelerated By 2050, two-thirds of the world will live in urban areas Novel outbreaks will have fertile ground hyper-connected warming spreading water-borne diseases loss of natural ‘buffers’ between humans and ecosystems, traits can spread sterility . A biotech nological catastrophe may be released risks on the exi stential scale |
02a86ab068235336dc984575dbdb071f36904f3807ae58eb052526ac504a06ed | "Should" means must now | b) Should
Justice Summers 1994 Oklahoma Supreme Court, “Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant”, November 8, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287#marker3fn13, accessed 9/3/24, HMc
contexts mandate construction of "should" as more than desirability " should" would mean " must " denotes law is immediately effective opposed to in the future |
01696eb5fe6518aa4d29f239e24688f68d21015a09d7e72bd68775961bb387ce | need all no-carbon tools | Combining advanced nuclear and renewable energy is the only way to solve.
Alex Gilbert 22, Project manager at the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, “The opportunity cost of not using nuclear energy for climate mitigation”, 2-3-2022, Utility Drive, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-opportunity-cost-of-not-using-nuclear-energy-for-climate-mitigation/618137/ - SDP
we’ll need all the available no-carbon tools nuclear energy has the lowest carbon emissions opponents of nuclear power argue that the opportunity cost of investing in nuclear power is too high This is a recipe for climate disaster renewable energy while ignoring other tech based on an incorrect understanding of decarbonization a broad tech portfolio that includes nuclear and renewable energy can create the most cost-effective carbon-free energy systems new nuclear energy and existing plants struggle in competition in absence of a carbon price Despite growth in renewable energy emissions rise It is urgent reduce emissions as quickly as possible nuclear and renewable energy are complementary in deep decarbonization next gen nuclear energy can be flexible to balance variability eliminating carbon emissions without nuclear will be costly variable renewable energy can increase emissions Keeping reactors online with federal policy has limited costs Combining nuclear and renewable interests lead to stronger political coalitions renewables alone relies upon the wrong cost metric renewable and nuclear energy are not direct competitors arguments use the wrong metric for climate solutions limitations of nuclear are offset by advantages of renewable just as limitations of renewable are offset by nuclear the climate is too important to bet on one tech Next gen nuclear energy is uniquely suited to decarbonize sectors that lack renewable s we can reduce the cost of future reactors so they can work together with renewables for decarbonization Investment today can enable significant future tech gains we need renewables and nuclear working together as fast as possible |
00e91f2a1b417815c34044db434f7bff9f0381e6a5de37dc6e38b29114316048 | MBI uncertainty good | Uncertainty increases innovation. This is especially true in the context of MBIs.
Zhu 21 [Yu Zhu (PhD, Associate Professor, Renmin University of China; Former Principal Economist, Bank of Canada; Ph.D. (Economics), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2014; M.S. (Economics), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2010; M.A. (Economics), Fudan University, China, 2008; B.A. (Economics), Nanjing University, China, 2005), Ziyuan Sun, Shiyu Zhang, and Xiaolin Wang, September 2021, “Economic Policy Uncertainty, Environmental Regulation, and Green Innovation—An Empirical Study Based on Chinese High-Tech Enterprises,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/18/9503; njn]
economic policy uncertainty will promote innovation the higher the uncertainty the greater the possibility of disruptive changes the greater the possibility to grow through early innovation enterprises increase R&D to cope with uncertainty |
00e2df0614fc4556a1714d9d0d4ddb2475c1f67523ec095c2cc673ecc9ef4059 | Danielpour 14 | Collapse of the chemical industry causes extinction.
Danielpour 14 [Steven; April 2014; AIA, CSI, CCS, LEED AP BD +C director of firmwide specifications at HOK, member of the corporate BuildingSmart, BIM, and Project Delivery boards; Cristalactiv, “Sustainable Coatings: Shifting the Paradigm,” http://www.cristalactiv.com/uploads/press/2014-04%20Sustainable%20Coatings_Danielpour%20D+D%20April%202014.pdf]
New tech will deliver innovations needed to respond to diminishing energy , water and megatrends, including population growth , climate change human survival depends on maintaining our ecological cycle The future lies in custom chemicals and new processing tech for the chemical industry industry produce healthier, environmentally sustainable chemicals that mitigate problems The challenges we face are unprecedented in human history, |
007cc8c8888c4cd0fbe95e53ea7a26851ea6a9a53b6f6e131f4037cda9b6ffc6 | Saudi arabia diversification | Prices aren’t key to diversification.
John Everington 24, Middle East and Africa editor for The Banker, “Saudi Arabia’s non-oil economy shrugs off regional tensions”, 4-23-2024, The Banker, https://www.thebanker.com/Saudi-Arabia-s-non-oil-economy-shrugs-off-regional-tensions-1713861976 - SDP
In the midst of such optimism , it remains to be seen how sustainable the economic reform process is for the remainder of Vision 2030’s mandate given the dramatic progress achieved thus far This has led the state to become more directly involved , increasing the sovereign’s direct and contingent risks should costs continue to rise or a drop in oil prices raises central government borrowing needs |
021b9ef0072c0d4ec4a49b3ee3acc392cfe619c19a0d285c085a76206475e76a | ending overfishing | Alternative causality – overfishing destroys ocean biosystems
SEAS AT RISK 2023 (Headquartered in Brussels, Seas At Risk has strong connections with the European institutions and with the UN and regional bodies responsible for seas and oceans, as well as with other like-minded organisations in Europe and around the world. This, together with our expertise and solid membership base, makes Seas At Risk a powerful voice, championing the cause of healthy seas and oceans for over 30 years., “Ending overfishing to counter climate change”, https://seas-at-risk.org/general-news/ending-overfishing-to-counter-climate-change/#:~:text=The%20extra%20carbon%20emitted%20into,%2C%20ocean%20acidification%2C%20and%20deoxygenation. [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR HOUSTON24]
, overfishing is directly contributing to the climate breakdown with the support of over 40 scholars, joins the dots among the scientific findings n the past decade Fishing on depleted fish stocks requires more fuel less fish in the ocean forces fishers to search longer , go further out and use heavier gears to catch the fish the fisheries’ carbon footprint increases when fish populations are not replenished . extra carbon emitted fish aggravates climate ocean acidification, and deoxygenation |
01de91194f65b50ee794f3c233909c49258695866850e9634d1aba335418ec6f | normative visions of humanity | 2. Non-Western spirituality survived and is threaded through normative visions of ‘humanity’ in the climate crisis, allowing our interpretation to solve the debates they think necessary.
Jenkins 23, Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Virginia (Willis Jenkins, 2023, “Ethics After Humanity,” Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 611-38, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)
“The normative liberal humanism is predicated on abjection of blackness ,” writes Jackson Does recognizing race within forces shaping the planet require relinquishing humanity as normative concept? Acknowledging centrality of race in humanity does not betoken the end of humanity as emancipatory Becoming estranged from white Anthropos in the climate crisis might be supported by planetary humanism from resistance to white supremacy Humanity has not been only and always white supremacist versions have been forged in resistance by inventing other ways meaning of humanity was only partially made through merchandising persons rendered black Another basis was constructed by people held as cargo From this another world emerged in “ resistance , prayer , and ability to survive religion sustained ways of being against modern Anthropos From white supremacy another modernity has grown from complex ambiguity which provides an alternate human |
0073dd983caac8ec90f506bb9082c2728320da3041f4c18412e79c084529bd9f | Green Paradox evidence | Novel & reverse causal data proves.
Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)
We provide novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data and market estimates of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase for 24 months |
02716a0efeb67e712e6082cea836ec3cc7b4c6dc3d3cfb2541fa52312e9278b3 | grammar governs unless they contradict intent | Grammar is the superseding principle of law---it’s the strongest internal link to predictability.
Scalia ’12 [Antonin; Supreme Court Justice; Brian Garner; Legal Scholar and Lexicographer; 2012; Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legislative Texts; https://jm919846758.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/rlilt.pdf; DOA: 8-31-2024; Archan Sen]
Words are given the meaning that proper grammar assign them Judges presume legislators understand English Courts say grammar govern unless they contradict intent if the statement suggests grammatical usage is separate from meaning, it is quite wrong . Grammatical usage is the means by which the sense of a statute is conveyed Many high-stakes cases turn on narrow linguistic questions |
0418ff1cf236f1e4b2dc1eaf39c47c12a08ab58ba684710baa62b03b1dd82f63 | Decarbonization challenge oil states | Decarbonization hurts exporting countries economically especially Saudi Arabia.
Tänzler & Gordon, 20 – Tanzler is a Director International Climate Policy. His research focuses on climate and energy policies as well as on peace and conflict studies. In 2007 and 2008 he served the Policy Planning Unit of the German Foreign Office as an expert on climate and energy policies. Gordon is a Project Manager. He works at the intersection of climate policy, foreign and security policy, and geopolitics.
Fossil fuels are the most important source of revenue for the governments of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia’s position is responsible for its close security relationship Decarbonization will change the landscape decarbonization represents a real challenge for oil- and gas-producing states States may slide into instability |
017284d1b0241ba628c535cda175a45baa28d79bea230ce4842b5d2f8bc0f66e | Voting rights rollback | Continuing…
Daniel Faber ’23, Associate Professor of Sociology at Northeastern University, “American Oil-Igarchy: How the Corporate Assault on Liberal Democracy and the Climate Are Connected”, CAPITALISM NATURE SOCIALISM 2023, VOL. 34, NO. 3, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2023.2242653, DA: 9/7/24, DMurph
The past six years have witnessed the greatest rollback of voting rights since the passage of the Voting Rights Act targeted voter ID restrictions making registration difficult gerrymandering disenfranchisement of incarcerated individuals replacement of non-partisan election officials and wrongful purging of voters are meant to disproportionately impact pro-climate action voters. over 17 million people were purged from voting more than 440 bills across 49 states were introduced designed to hijack the election and suppress the right to vote Some include new rules limiting number location and availability of ballot boxes capital is playing a starring role to subvert the voting rights of their political opponents the role of Right-wing power structures in providing money institutional support and political playbook for enacting a roll back of voting rights and a weakening of America’s democratic institutions the assault on democracy is being co-organized and bank-rolled by the most environmentally destructive corporations in America these sectors would stand to profit the most from the neoliberal agenda to weaken environmental regulations the oil and gas industry stand at the top of the list. fossil fuel industry are engaging in a series of maneuvers designed to recapture control of the state political-economic interests of major corporate polluters are served by the political disempowerment of movements and their supporters OIL- Igarchy described the organizational alliance to dominate the state this bloc is dominated by the fossil fuel industry that attempts to subordinate economic interests of other fractions fossil fuel industry works to situate itself politically The oil, coal, and gas industries are significant players industries devoting the most resources into environmental and climate counter-movements. |
02101af9f044016c025022b3613fd437d1703b3f432525b3c25aba3384d879f8 | flawed methods marine studies | No impact, a litany of alt causes, and their ev cherry-picks worst-case-scenario studies
Webster 16 (Ben, Environmental Editor for the London Times, “Scientists are ‘exaggerating carbon threat to reefs and marine life’”, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/scientists-are-exaggerating-carbon-threat-to-reefs-and-marine-life/news-story/d41370fc3ecbcbacaf18b1cff0cb2e4a)
Claims that emissions are making the oceans more acidic have been exaggerated inherent bias in favour of more calamitous predictions excluded research showing that marine creatures are not damaged many studies had used flawed methods , subjecting creatures to sudden increases that would never be experienced in real life . it was levels far beyond what would ever be reached even if we burnt every molecule of carbon this had distracted attention from urgent threats such as agricultural pollution , overfishing and tourism journals tend to publish doom and gloom stories The bias was partly the result of pressure on scientists to produce eye-catching work half of the studies found that raised levels of CO2 had little or no impact on marine life |
0031b7911bb448a225f31cc55d81b6ce05f01681973b2fffc9dc57c385e09419 | wetlands tackle hunger | Wetland degradation is existential.
Urrego ’20 [Martha; January 31; Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention; World Economic Forum, “Why We Need Wetlands,” https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/01/wetlands-nature-preservation-ecology-biodiversity/]
All planet depend on healthy ecosystems for air , water , and food regulate climate and provide raw resources on which econ s and lives depend collapse is an existential threat wetlands are most valuable provide $47 trillion clean and store water . At time wh water conflict rise major source of fish and rice tackle hunger poverty and food security most effective carbon sinks play central role in climate |
01b57a1ad2a04fc3ef958c1157d20dfb39047be69fcc46589719b185175a86b6 | states bargain objections appeased | Bargaining. Perm vaporizes opposition both by preempting the condition AND aligning the states with the fed.
Elizabeth Leonard 10. Professor of Law at the University of Kansas and Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia, J.D. from the University of Georgia; Hofstra Law Review, “Rhetorical Federalism: The Value of State-Based Dissent to Federal Health Reform,” vol. 39
Uncoop suggests states actively refuse states should either serve as rivals or allies the affirmative case for challengers recognizes value of friction and jarring Coop by contrast , envisions working together Friction fosters dialogue accountability participation Uncoop prefers ongoing conflict sparking beneficial resistance But if states freely decline little remains while states that bargain have objections appeased |
03b12e1ed5b336cc4c63873877837acd269324e6acbf351f3c5f29e3603e6436 | climate tipping points bioenergy | Bioenergy pushes us past the tipping points to be able to stop warming. Extinction.
Sterman et al. 22, *Professor of Management, and the current director of the MIT System Dynamics Group at the MIT. **Emeritus professor of international environmental policy and founding director of the Center for International Environment and Resource Policy at Fletcher. ***Founding director of the Climate Change Initiative, co-directs the Rist Institute for Sustainability and Energy, is a professor of Environmental Science at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. ****Senior modeler for Climate Interactive, has a PhD and PE license in environmental engineering. (*John Sterman, **William Moomaw, ***Juliette N. Rooney-Varga, ****Lori Siegel, 2022, “Does wood bioenergy help or harm the climate?”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 78(3), Pgs. 128–138, https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2022.2062933)
wood bioenergy increases carbon accelerating global warming Even temporarily elevated levels cause irreversible climate damage excess carbon from wood begins warming immediately ice sheets melt faster sea level rises wildfires more likely permafrost thaws storms intensify more than if wood had not been burned excess warming from wood increases the chances of going beyond tipping points that lead to runaway climate change The consequences are devastating Sea levels rise exposing millions yields of crops would fall Droughts, wildfires, and intense storms more frequent and extreme Warming push the Earth beyond tipping points that lead to irreversible harm |
038fa1fab7f78d1a9edab00fa2a95e6ade214be016924488717bbc8716995b3a | renewable megaprojects colonial relations | That is energy colonialism – claims to its inevitability sanction genocide.
Contreras 23, *Department of Sociology, University of Granada, **Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Granada, ***Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, ****Centre for Sámi Studies, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway (*Josefa Sánchez Contreras, **Alberto Matarán Ruiz, ***Alvaro Campos-Celador, ****Eva Maria Fjellheim, 2023, “Energy Colonialism: A Category to Analyse the Corporate Energy Transition in the Global South and North,” Land 2023, 12, 1241. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/6/1241) rose
the corporate energy transition is built on accumulation via dispossession renewable infrastructure increases the extraction of minerals but also the privatisation of land and public services renewable megaprojects exacerbates colonial relations DESERTEC proposed renewable energies in Africa to be consumed in Europe inequalities unfold through land grabbing and dispossession. biocultural destruction and dismantling of communal goods. Unequal distribution of costs and benefits is intrinsic since the negative impacts are concentrated in sacrifice zones while the profits go to distant places. This is legitimised by neoliberal discourses who promote a corporate energy transition |
029e6a7e2b925072a9deb95727f73abb83c44857fbef1decbc94fce85b7a753f | Harris excites green base | 1. No unique link turn – Climate activists are mobilized and all-in for Harris now
Colman, Politico climate change writer, 8-23-24
The climate activist are pursuing a new strategy Get Harris elected now, ask questions later. Green activists are taking a do-no-harm approach to Harris’ candidacy, ditching demands for policy details . They say that’s because Harris has excited their base in ways Biden never did they can focus on their most important objective: thwarting Trump, who has vowed to trash their agenda if he wins We don’t want to sabotage her campaign for no valid reason.” That communication left the activists feeling heard With Harris’ emergence, “the enthusiasm was different and palpable, |
02bd443fb061e6429a69d1aafea7bb540b0c0848ff7253cf92b874f7bb13b80f | Cornum 18 | Their overfocus on flashpoints of violence and the fear of a Trump nuclear war ignores that nuclear colonialism is foundational to the nation state
Cornum 18 (Lou Cornum, diasporic two-spirit Navajo Diné, PhD candidate in English at CUNY Graduate Center, senior editor of The New Inquiry, member of the editorial collective for LIES: a journal of materialist feminism, June 2018, “The Irradiated International,” https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ii-web.pdf) gz
The panic of a nuclear push notification creeps along my skin too but there’s something off in the hysteria that accompanies nuke news compared to the decades the US spent sowing apocalyptic destruction with no need for A-bombs The weapon of mass destruction is the very notion of nation itself Canada Australia Russia China The United States These nations mining the most uranium connected by histories of competing empires and lines of radioactive commerce There is no reversal to take away the death and slow death already enacted by leaky waste and test site winds The irradiated international are everywhere linking this uncollected collective is the invisible power of radiation made otherwise There must be a way to think about earth land and being that would make nuclear weapons impossible Fred Moten, who grew up near the Nevada test site wonders what “complex disarticulations of space and subjectivity are possible beyond the “spatial obsessions of empire” how to claim land without slipping into property and borders, so the irradiated international can protect themselves without reproducing harm a rearticulation of the invisible lines of radiation might take back the world Revolutionary subjects are containers of energy Decolonization is a reorganization of matter a science of inquiry might note as indigenous peoples globally have done, the presence of radiated yellow dirt but chose a different relationship than extraction a science fit to a world we can live more than a halflife in nomadic science seeking wonders and posing problems, outside the state, outside sovereign categories These projects speak with the irradiated international against a science that studies how to kill hoard and manage such that others live longer only to die more alone We must think outside the limits of what you can care for Imagine a solidarity not solid But diffuse More than one southwest tribe had prophecies about the yellow rock that these see-ers knew would be dug up and laid in lethal planetary designs |
03e1199aa20468fa021f535b9b91f98f4436dd4ee409a518c88eb80ed92d199b | capitalism pushes society away from racism | Capitalism is antiracist.
Paul F. deLespinasse 20. Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Computer Science at Adrian College. “Capitalism no friend to racism”. https://www.gazettetimes.com/news/local/paul-f-delespinasse-capitalism-no-friend-to-racism/article_85bac3a8-805b-587d-9725-0e10f09547a8.amp.html
racism existed before capitalism in non-capitalist societies, cap can't be blamed Since buyers want the best capitalism pushes society away from racist behavior Racist thinking should be undermined by capitalism's encouragement of voluntary associations relations undermine stereotypes The South was not capitalistic before the Civil War Segregation violated the basic essence of capitalism freedom of association by consent Racist s are not expressions of capitalism, but its contradiction Capitalism and racism are deadly enemies |
011ce03cf0176971da893536c9bbdfae26f00a07fe8d1e663a6d7ec90f6aee8a | debate incentive structure | Predictable disagreement keeps participants engaged, facilitates research, and is the defining aspect of debate---they must justify why it’s valuable for us to have to rejoin their affirmative
Poscher 16
the idea of negation is central We must go through the “labor of the negative Why does our practice require lengthy arguments why not decide by gut voting and spare everybody the cost of developing elaborate arguments Flipping a coin dice or a gut vote would not help us scrutinize positions flipping a coin – only provide for the decision part which would undercut the incentive structure That the debates are about winning helps keep participants engaged No non ‐ argumentative procedure achieve this If judges flip a coin there would be little incentive to engage two athletes engage in the same contest when they follow the same rules, but different styles Each is engaged to win Within such a framework even people with radically opposing views still share a concept theorizing over roughly the same materials and practices allow for adamant disagreements without abandoning talking about the same concept |
02de5181ff5f8f2a731d6b952074a9a17583b156356bdfda76fd26a1a59e98e0 | Lavinsky 23 | [4] A lack of wavers guarantee’s industry collapse absent the plan.
Lavinsky 23 [Corey Lavinsky, executive director, downstream americas consulting. Nov 22, 2023. “Cellulosic waiver credits in the spotlight as D3 RIN prices remain high” https://www.spglobal.com/commodity-insights/en/news-research/blog/crude-oil/112223-biofuels-renewable-fuel-standard-rins-cellulosic-waiver-gasoline-diesel#:~:text=Because%20the%20EPA%20was%20unable,satisfy%20the%20cellulosic%20biofuel%20mandate.]
EPA cannot issue CWCs without specific authority the agency did not issue CWCs for finalized mandates first time market has seen this scenario created larger pool of cellulosic RIN purchasers D3 RIN prices have climbed Less than 170,000 D7 RINs have been reported |
041844603c1bd0a907069d4ce325448c88defd302e09ff32e4f5108ac814460e | Thinking Like An Economist | The aff’s undergirded by an economic style of reasoning that ensures serial policy failure.
Berman 22 – Elizabeth Popp Berman, Director and Richard H. Price Professor of Organizational Studies at the University of Michigan, Thinking Like An Economist: How Efficiency Replaced Equality in U.S. Public Policy, pgs. 5-10)
The economic style of incentives and externalities simplify thinking causal policy stories grounded in authority of economics students learn to “ think like an economist reflect markets as efficient allocators does not mean markets are perfect government’s role as creating the legal framework that correct for failures places high value on efficiency displac other values ignoring politics EPA influenced by strong, inflexible rules to combat regulatory capture required strict standards for pollution control policies were effective This wave did not reflect economic reasoning Economists thinking pollution was an externality : put a price on pollution drew on economic style national cap - and - trade represent transformation in logic policy turned from moral toward position pollution was simply an externality Instead of technologies of pollution reduction , it pushed technologies of market design . ecosystem services priceable contributions failed to capture interdependence in ecological system environmental justice turn into economic calculation climate proposals consistent with economic style places significant constraints on the range of possibilities define as reasonable |
02dd5a0e8450a916b779a47f81f1c222a4b6212646f9e8b1b3c30fc9a1484b55 | CP compels not adopts | The CP is distinct---it compels the plan, which doesn’t ‘adopt.’
Stack Exchange ’20 [Stack Exchange; 2020; Network of question-and-answer (Q&A) websites … frankly, we don’t know who these posters are, so you can basically treat this card as an analytic that illustrates what we think is an intuitive example of the dictionary definition above, “The difference between "adopt" and "use" when they refer to utilizing something,” https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/542772/the-difference-between-adopt-and-use-when-they-refer-to-utilizing-something]
Both "adopt" and "use" represent utilize "adopt" does not merely mean use to adopt , you must start using to take up during the Neolithic , humans used ag and fire , but only adopted ag since they had long used fire. |
030315689b0044784cf2e88134393f2765ad36a4382bfa619beac4df2e5dff02 | Businesses are pessimistic and uncertain | Businesses are pessimistic AND uncertain.
Reuters ‘9-10 [Reuters; September 10; news agency present in 200 locations worldwide, citing the National Federation of Independent Business; U.S. News and World Report, “US Small Business Sentiment Ebbs in August Amid Rising Uncertainty,” https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2024-09-10/us-small-business-sentiment-ebbs-in-august-amid-rising-uncertainty]
confidence fell amid uncertainty of election and weak sales the market lackluster uncertainty is rising the stock market expressing unease owners worry about inflation job s have declined rise in compensation owners could not fill in Job creation continued to decline slowdown in payrolls |
0226c9a1564a81f111a6f515209bb4ae318a97cf6a8aef565f9bd65d3becaecd | states drive global development | State climate action solves, sends a credible signal, won’t be preempted, and causes federal follow-on.
Dr. Henrik Selin & Stacy D. VanDeveer 20, PhD, MA, Professor, International Relations, School of Global Studies, Boston University; PhD, MA, Professor, Global Governance & Human Security, Professor of Global Governance and Human Security, "Climate Change Politics and Policy in the United States: Forward, Reverse and Through the Looking Glass," in Climate Governance across the Globe, Chapter 7, pg. 132-135, 2020, T&F. [italics in original]
US states demonstrat leadership generating experiments and develop multi-state emissions reduction initiatives include r p s efficiency standards purchasing and other measures a network among Ideas and info prolif state policies became normed , and they enact similar policies related to renewable energy efficiency , carbon markets and so on states drive global development survived state and fed court challenges and condemnation by the fed collaborative endeavours increase pressure on federal policy-makers regularly send members to international meetings expanding role of subnational actors on display may diverge from US administrations |
0321430a485cfb4933da3313dafae817b8858cf6f3f590d584456edeca30f319 | AI existential threat | Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI
Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artificial-intelligence-really-existential-threat-humanity8577]
findings of a i researchers bode ill for recommendations for how to prevent machines from determining fate of mankind While incentives for a i to be friendly might seem obvious machines will be powerful enough to subvert these he focuses on “giving AI a final goal that makes it easier to control If machines develop godlike superintelligence a i researchers have learned the nature of reason itself will work against this plan to solve the “control problem |
0108c6d20d98ffebd25f17552db6f738b88220bfff7699aeafb891defa980eb9 | racial capitalism divisions | It’s called geohaptics, a cultivation of new relations among the earth and it’s inhabitants. By thinking through touch rather than logic, the binary categories such as human/nonhuman cease to make sense. They are replaced with a new kind of freedom to think and be in the world whose benefits cannot be measured. This exists in opposition to the speculation of modern-day racial capitalism, which necessitates the division of beings into discrete subjects in order to turn them into resources to be traded on the market. By expanding this notion of subjectivity and decentering liberal personhood we speculate a world where it is impossible for systems of imperial racial capitalism to exist.
Tanaka 23. “Black Feminist Geohaptics and the Broken Earth” Shouhei Tanaka is a PhD candidate in English at the University of California, Los Angeles. His work has appeared or is forthcoming in PMLA, ASAP/Journal, Modernism/modernity, Modern Fiction Studies, ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, and elsewhere. //kgn
imagine a sensuous geology whereby bodies intimately interface with inhuman lifeworlds through haptic wayfinding the Anthropocene’s geographies of power, unearthing how the categories of the human, inhuman, and more than human are generated across race, gender, and matter . literary imaginaries of the haptic in Black speculative fiction attend to the racial politics of the Anthropocene and the centrality of sensory praxis to ecological thought ecological touch—or geohaptics imagine new forms of worldmaking that contest the Anthropocene’s racial ecologies of power describing how sensory experiences “soften borders of individual bodies geohaptics crafts new planetary futures of environmental liberation for Black life free of the racial capitalocene Black feminist geohaptics assembles attunement more-than-human placemaking praxes that upend the ontological partitions between human/nonhuman, underwrite Western colonial metaphysics speculative fictions imagine new perception and forms of political subjectivity Touch animates new attunements to more-than-human lifeworlds; in turn, nonhuman lifeworlds decenter the human sensorium as the proprietary seat of liberal humanist personhood . haptic imagination orients sense as intersubjective processes through which bodies encounter more-than-human forces, thereby displacing humanist power perception make placemaking possible Black feminist relationality forges these novel ecologies by engaging, and undoing, the categories of the (in)human that propel “matrix of domination” Inventing alternative, speculative ecologies of more-than-human intimacies transformation is made possible by reading the planet as a sensate archive whose histories are made legible through touch , in which more-than-human relationalities are cultivated through an ethics of care, relation, and sensuality. Sense and sensation become infrastructures of care that forge novel ecologies of relationality emancipated from the matrix of domination. and crystallizes the entangled past, present, and future within the thickened ontology of the present. |
015408d71a963129b64447520dd875816ebc8332e9575434f9d5b120d735a4c0 | objective is metaphysical operation | Fiat is a view from above---their model sustains a metaphysics of military planning, pacifying freedom struggle.
Return Fire 20, Anarchist Journal, Anonymously Published, “23 Theses Concerning Revolt,” Autumn 2020; Editor’s note, A text published by Distri Josep Gardenyes, which was formed “to share and disseminate texts that we consider to be of strategic importance in the current struggles”. Josep Gardenyes, who they took their name from, was one of the anarchist 'uncontrollables' executed in Barcelona during 1936 by anarchobureaucrats of the C.N.T. during their treacherous spell within the 'revolutionary' government; Vol. 6, Chapter I, https://returnfire.noblogs.org/files/2021/03/Return-Fire-vol.6-chap.1-start-pg70.pdf
all belong to the ruling class who look at their lives from above the idea of objectivity is a metaphysical operation which makes us wonder how the economy should be deployed instead of "what am I going to do to fulfill wishes with others?" By contemplating from above, we share the the way of seeing the world – of the system that dominates military strategy starting point is ideal and abstract plan to impose on the map that represents reality |
009780f287a6038450e350ec76ff80f8063ffc3a4152d6d76a27c2c2d1673879 | Chemnick 23 | The reason they’re optional is because mandatory action creates backlash
Chemnick ’23 - Jean Chemnick - Reporter at E&E News covering climate change at EPA and other agencies - “The feds have a low-carbon shopping list. It’s global.” E&E News - 03/23/2023 - https://www.eenews.net/articles/the-feds-have-a-low-carbon-shopping-list-its-global/
FAR have done their homework the procurement proposal is controversial. analyzed more than 250 public comments and found most sought tweaks or opposed outright tried to build foundation on disclosure and then procurement sequencing ensures emissions won’t be a factor at least until 2025 after Biden ended Disclosure on its own never an effective motivator for change |
0087bc706207ab8cddfe7af1286768acc087d0e4010db9bafe75a37e2bf6c09a | Dr. George Shulman 20 | Antiblackness can explain capitalism, but capitalism can’t explain antiblackness.
Dr. George Shulman 20, Professor Emeritus at NYU, 2020, “Fred Moten’s Refusals and Consents: The Politics of Fugitivity,” Political Theory, 49(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591720937375
civilization is built on productivity of black nonbeing engine of modernity is antiblackness use of black bodies bespeaks white desire antiblackness fuels racial capitalism as a “ libidinal economy ,” Marxist exploitation cannot grasp the “ distinctive violence initiated by enslavement state centric activity ” is perverse the “political” made black agency invisible shift “politics,” to quotidian resistance , care black theorists turned from the state to fugitive” imaginaries making visible practices long hidden |
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