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03fa5d49446f8990970d4c09d3f846ec219b6f365467f64e7db99a88a7fa345d | Riofrancos extraction | ‘Extraction bad’ links to the alt.
Rubén Martínez interviewing Thea Riofrancos 22. **Journalist, Author, and Musician. **Associate Professor of Political Science at Providence College. “‘We could be enroute to eco-socialism or to eco-fascism: there are multiple layers of uncertainty.’” 6/29/22. https://lapublica.net/en/article/eco-socialism-or-to-eco-fascism/
Even if tech was made in worker-run factories deployed thanks to public investment it requires resource extraction key political and social issue in Chile second largest lithium producer whatever form extraction takes it’ll have environmental impact feels like a gordian knot to build new greener society environmental impact must be made |
00dccefb42fdd8061e9bd80f5334a501a23b4c1fcff96bc95cfd3dce3a4e3b6a | Fiona Harvey Guardian | Acting on warming now is uniquely good.
Fiona Harvey 23, Environment Editor for the Guardian, 3/20/2023, "Scientists deliver ‘final warning’ on climate crisis: act now or it’s too late," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/20/ipcc-climate-crisis-report-delivers-final-warning-on-15c
warning only drastic action can avert IPCC set out assessment world still has chance of limiting rises still hope of staying within 1.5 underscores urgency of action Temperatures are about 1.1 If emissions peak and are reduced it may be possible to avoid ravages |
0379afb95de8c931c54935c2431e1f00854a2a0227888c74aacc745f874acb8d | time period is critically important | That makes timeframe the ultimate question over magnitude.
R. Quentin Grafton et al. 12. is Professor of Economics, ANU Public Policy Fellow, Fellow of the Asia and the Pacific Policy Society and Director of the Centre for Water Economics, Environment and Policy (CWEEP) at the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University; Tom Kompas is the Foundation Director of the Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics (ACBEE) and one of four Chief Investigators in the Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) at the University of Melbourne; Ngo Van Long is a professor, PhD, from the Australian National University, former co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Economics and associate editor of the Journal of International Economics, associate editor of the Review of International Economics, the International Game Theory Review, and the Journal of Public Economic Theory, “Substitution between biofuels and fossil fuels: Is there a green paradox?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 64 (2012): pp. 328–341
with linear demand and marginal extraction costs that increase linearly even when the Paradox does not hold it can hold in the short or medium term the time period is critically important . what happens to cumulative emissions over the next 30 years interval is critical |
01d7e3586f3c2f35693dfc200d656b9ed7429c52b0af10952a2b6304246b7304 | fragmentation reduces GDP | Global fragmentation and future crises make economic crash inevitable.
Kristalina Georgieva, 8-22-2023, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, "The Price of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/price-fragmentation-global-economy-shock, KL
cooperation is in retreat the world is witnessing fragmentation national security considerations job losses and inequality fueled social tensions protectionism Another pandemic could push the world into crisis . Military conflict could disrupt markets climate is introducing shocks debt is putting sustainability at risk fragmentation could reduce GDP by seven percent in 2019, countries imposed 1,000 restrictions on trade; in 2022 3,000 Fragmentation can disrupt markets and create food and energy insecurity neoliberal regulation created patchwork of competition that depresses global demand capital’s mobility undermines local production by increasing consumption of imported commodities market has been prevented from falling deeply by cheap debt overaccumulation with speculative financial bubbles is underpinned by zero-sum logic of competitive wage advantage nationalism is the effect of globalisation volatility implies uncertainty by importing overseas labour foreign forces cast as the cause escalating mistrust and competition spill over into international war |
0244833577e0d5076ad6b468a89eb14e1751b5d426f752626b2b3e8d763c7fef | climate change cannot disentangle ourselves | It’s especially true in the context of climate change.
Kerstin Reibold 23. Postdoctoral Fellow at the Good Integration project at the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. “Settler Colonialism, Decolonization, and Climate Change.” Journal of Applied Philosophy. Vol 4, No 4. August 2023. Pp. 635-636.
climate change makes us realize that we cannot disentangle ourselves from others internal self-determination cannot cure the unequal relations of colonial times decolonization requires standing in relations of equality that allow nterdependence it is not possible anymore to govern relations within a specified territory without also influencing other territories governance must extend to cover these relations and to structure them in a just and equal manner institutions would need reformation climate change has spurred states into collective action it requires that international system and its guiding norms are reformed points about reforms extend to the national level this move into closer relations with the settler state is not identical with a move into a society that subordinates Indigenous ontologies |
03b9417f6bd3878d4e3199168d1a4027466890b7660c9a378c740d699fc34d2d | uncertain policies double transition cost | 3. Counterplan is uncertain – it’s clearly illegal AND subject to the whims of the administration. That’s key to investment and planning for transition – that’s Metcalf AND…
Dr. Benjamin Carton and Dr. Jean-Marc Natal 22. Senior economist, IMF; PhD, Economics, University of Paris Panthéon-Sorbonne. Deputy Chief, World Economic Studies Division, IMF; former professor, Monetary Theory and Policy, University of Geneva; PhD, International Economics, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva. “Further Delaying Climate Policies Will Hurt Economic Growth.” IMF Blog. Oct. 5, 2022. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/10/05/further-delaying-climate-policies-will-hurt-economic-growth.
U S g h g taxes to be effective need to be credible If only partially credible firms will not consider future increases when planning investment This slow transition only partially credible policies double the cost of transitioning |
0317135d4890c4d9918985e9a02af9faa53eb4a9a15355bb4e35c492a956c891 | environment implodes civilization doomed | Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war
TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016 (Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]
as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase |
0329b1d8a36cd73e51479f984f7db0d6afd476ae4fe1ce7ac14814a33ed8a6d4 | ESG investing practices challenges | The SEC climate disclosure rule failed to resolve the root cause of ESG failures.
Vlahos 24 “SEC's Proposed ESG Disclosure Rule: Why It Fails to Remedy the Underlying Challenges Facing ESG Investing Practices” Nikki Vlahos is *JD. expected May 2024, The George Washington University Law School; B.A. in Political Science and Psychology. 2024 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/busfnclr7&div=5&id=&page=
SEC's Rule fails to deal with the underlying issues does not address absence of an enforceable definition overlooks true ambiguity lies in the way ranking agencies define materiality and provide rankings of ESGs render Rule ineffective also create possible legal challenges |
024b8a40710d314aea3b1f4905d8e46e9f3badb5b8c614ea7c31889d07e63a7d | nuclear power market failure | 5. Can’t solve SMRs. Nuclear is structurally disadvantaged in markets.
Stover '16 – Contributing editor at the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (Dawn Stover; "“Market failure” and nuclear power"; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; https://thebulletin.org/2016/08/market-failure-and-nuclear-power/; 8-4-2016; NC)
carbon pricing do not address problem Electricity markets determine revenue for nuclear not designed to preserve public benefits price changes not likely to accomplish plants take a decade limitations make nuclear poor fit even if pricing adjusted Carbon pricing not enough to save nuclear power sufficient certain long-term revenue needed |
007ea39d79a824ffc25ea66d35ff674b927b21b29dac5eca0eb6a74c0d6d0cb0 | MENA terror CBRN | MENA-based terror is a unique vector for CBRN incidents.
Hassan Farhat et al. 24, MSc, Quality Improvement Mentor, Quality Patient Safety & Risk Management, Ambulance Service Group, Hamad Medical Corporation; Dr. Guillaume Alinier, PhD, Director, Research, Ambulance Service, Hamad Medical Corporation; Mariana Helou, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor & Clerkship Director, Emergency Room, Division Head of Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation; Ionnais Galatis, MD, Consultant, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Medical/Hospital/Ops CBRNE Planner/Instructor, Senior Asymmetric Threats Analyst, & Research Associate, Center for Security Studies. Retired Brigadier General; Dr. Nidaa Bajow, MD, PhD, Disaster Medicine Coordinator & Disaster Medicine Training Supervisor, Disaster Medicine Unit, The Ambulance Service, Hamad Medical Corporation, "Perspectives on Preparedness for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Threats in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques," Health Security, Vol. 22, No. 3, 06/17/2024 pg. 5-6.
risk of chem bio radiological , and nuc incidents increased studies indicated role of terrorist groups in weaponising agents In MENA groups pose significant risks and lead to widespread emergencies it has devastating vulnerabilities due to cross-border risks strategically located between three continents which increases exposure to deliberate and accidental CBRN incidents a global econ power witnessed multiple conflicts involving chem weapons increasing risk |
0301caadda54553b47d5013d83f7e77d68fefd1f2deb969bb6dcd95c46954a78 | Mintz-Woo 24 | “Alternative community formation” fails. Only targeted government action reworks current societal structures to challenge anti-black relations of power, rectify injustices, and combat climate change.
Mintz-Woo 24 – Tenured lecturer in the Department of Philosophy and Environmental Research Institute Associate at University College Cork. M.A. in Philosophy, Public Health, and Economics.
maximizing frameworks is not appropriate when discussing climate policy due to immediacy justice-constrained policy choice is high risk carbon pricing might seem unsatisfying or visionless However this is not the case with climate climate change requires urgent action outcomes have potential to be disastrous they already caus massive harms delayed action is inefficacious action fundamental changes would be too slow it can be difficult when coalitions set broad agendas It is much easier to unite in favor of something narrow we do not have the time for complex frameworks that are aimed at addressing many social ills |
0317135d4890c4d9918985e9a02af9faa53eb4a9a15355bb4e35c492a956c891 | nuclear war biodiversity loss | Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war
TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016 (Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]
as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase |
03ea0a57fc104a6e7e997a27b063c2b80437b0c577db5c16c70e5fa8bf97109a | Jeuk & Spang 22 | 2—The internet, vaccines, and military all prove—the private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking.
Jeuk & Spang 22 (Alexander Jeuk, Magister in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology from Goethe University, PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cincinnati; Friderike Spang, SNSF Senior Researcher, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, PhD in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. “Analytic Marxism and Economic Feasibility. A Defense of Central Planning.” OSF Preprints, 22 August 2022, pp. 27-35. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/uygvw)
claims that planned economies fail to innovate are not persuasive innovative success in the US or Germany rests on systems of innovation governments created institutions but also recruited workers they also fostered demand the US created their own semi-conductor industry governments finance plan and operate innovation foundations for developing the internet were financed and planned by government agencies Private firms asked to contribute refused considering involvement a ‘ threat to business ’ companies like Apple invest little in R&D and instead patent tech that stems from military or NSF research private sector is non-innovative , because it does not engage in long-term research , is risk-aversive , and rent-seeking pharma companies patent research done in the public sector USSR invested 4% of its GDP into r and d yet 70% was military and space separated from other sectors knowledge could not be diffused evidence strongly suggests large scale industrial innovation in the last three centuries was strongly supported by central planning |
010ab56a21bc293fad0dfeba6908823b643545426a04abf27f912103b443ac7a | fetishizing revolution | Tactical harm reduction is good---the alt makes the perfect the enemy of the better.
Smucker ’14 [Jonathan; 2014; Ph.D in Sociology from UC Berkeley; Wagingnonviolence, “The danger of fetishizing revolution,” wagingnonviolence.org/feature/danger-fetishizing-revolution/]
Do we imagine a restructuring of relations as an all-or-nothing moment or an horizon If the former , then what incentive do we have to strategize about overcoming obstacles block today we become disinterested in efforts to improve conditions After all, why put a band-aid on a gaping wound? If we imagine change as a horizon toward which we orient a vision may be of use , so long as it grounds us in struggle now today organizations tend to to win victories Dismissing such efforts does not make one revolutionary . It is purism , fatalism and an abstract “politics” that emerges from privilege Any improvement in the situations of people is dismissed as prolonging the system Nothing can measure up to utopian standards This is not to suggest that we give up on structural changes The problem here is not radicalness ; the problem is all-or-nothing thinking about change in the meantime . If society were to collapse , why would society reconstruct itself in a way that differs from its structure? A revolutionary movement will not ascend |
01798a19a7ae8fd6c0fffd64c65e39b627223ec63120414ef7e663b06840b95a | US strategic response to China | The DA outweighs. The alternative to US Big Tech is China’s Big Tech.
Emily de La Bruyère and Nathan Picarsic 20, senior fellows at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) with a focus on China policy, and the co-founders of Horizon Advisory, a consulting firm focused on the implications of China’s competitive approach to geopolitics, “How Big Tech factors into the US-China geopolitical competition,” The Hill, 10/22/20, https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/521762-how-big-tech-factors-into-the-us-china-geopolitical-competition
conversation about Big Tech ignore the strategic context assume the alternative to Big Tech is small tech It is not. The alternative is China’s Big Tech. Big Tech is the closest thing the U S has to a strategic response to China’s global offensive digital authoritarianism and military-civil fusion strategy tech are bringing about a new global order : A new set of networks , standards and platforms that will define global exchange of goods, ideas and people. The CCP wants to set those standards platforms and networks fused into a comprehensive vision of international control If it succeeds , China will claim superior information on the movement of goods and operations of infrastructure promises military benefit . |
04150555c6af29c834c6e4b5a753a5ac627d71b60786b0f2aa97b190baa3a3b5 | federal follow on avoids politics | Leads to federal follow on AND avoids politics
Nicholas Bianco 20. acting deputy director for WRI United States. He previously served as director of regulatory analysis and strategic partnerships at the Environmental Defense Fund. In that role, he oversaw the analytical research conducted in support of the domestic climate and air regulatory team. FRANZ LITZ, DEVASHREE SAHA, TYLER CLEVENGER, AND DAN LASHOF, “NEW CLIMATE FEDERALISM: DEFINING FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL ROLES IN A U.S. POLICY FRAMEWORK TO ACHIEVE DECARBONIZATION”, https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/new-climate-federalism-working-paper.pdf?_gl=1*uo9vuo*_gcl_au*MTU3NDUyNTkyMS4xNzI1Mzc3ODc2LjE4OTA3NzAyMTguMTcyNTM3Nzk5NS4xNzI1Mzc3OTk1
a Strong Subnational Role Leveraging knowledge and experience governments have been acting for years in utilities building codes land-use planning zoning ag waste diversity of governments fosters experimentation and innovation leading to practices that percolate up to the fed Fostering a race to the top. governments compete can help push national policy forward and encourage other states to join the prolif of electricity standards Driving deeper emissions reductions when gridlock and dysfunction stymie response at the federal level Bottom-up action can spur national governments to act subnational actors functioned as a test bed for later adoption at the federal level ideology's odds ratio is 1.09 1 unit increase in liberal increases odds of RPS by 9% ratio for fossil fuel production negative and significant for all models 1 unit increase in fossil fuel production decreases odds of adoption by 27% standards require significant new reg s , funding , and admin capacity clean electricity standard subject to industry meddling , especially in purple states where mandates faced significant backlash or challenges to implementation cost of standards has been higher than one might think $530 per ton of CO2 paid by ratepayers through power prices As standards are getting more ambitious markets are fracturing , and costs are piling up Johnson won the barest of victories Any defection over trivial procedural or legislative matters could block the party's agenda Johnson is also in trouble many key votes look in spite of hi the Freedom Caucus only voted for him to make sure they could approve Trump's agenda the Freedom Caucus implicitly holds the fate of Johnson's job in its hands they've already shown they're willing to topple a speaker this group has for now set aside its differences “fighting the isolationist movement a powerful ally in Johnson Johnson was a vigorous advocate of active support of our allies Johnson communicated urgency about the d i b There is a big fight within the GOP over whether America should adopt an assertive posture abroad or whether it should retrench as spending and debt begin to crowd out other priorities We know which side Johnson is on . alliances are the key advantage over an authoritarian bloc Sino Russian North Korea and Iran that seeks to overturn the liberal order Washington must resist the anti-defense spending themes of the neo - isolationism of the Right a trend within the Republican Party to oppose aid to Ukraine not lost on allies who fear for security some allies , on the frontlines are alarmed with the potential for a cascade of nuclear proliferation there has never been greater cause for optimism about the environment we are on the cusp of tech in Energy Transportation Food and Labor enable us to solve climate change pessimism around environmental issues because folks under impression we will be stuck with old technologies we aren’t solar wind batteries heat pumps e v s autonomous driving ride-hailing precision fermentation cellular ag a i all simultaneously mitigate emissions Ninety percent of all emissions come from those sectors gets us most of the way to zero reason solving environmental problems is difficult is because it’s expensive explosion of prosperity worldwide solving challenges affordable everywhere disruptions fast IPCC names risks by warming but extinction is not chances of extinction are zero recent science shows encouraging trends world made progress on clean energy and controlling emissions clear we are not headed toward the worst-case Even with no further progress Perhaps no frame has been more debated than whether climate change poses an existential risk . there is no evidence that humanity’s existence is at stake Paleoclimate data reveal climatic fluctuations affected human evolution Overall primitive humans proved resilient under harsh climatic conditions collapse of the Atlantic meridional the biggest climate risk occurred about 14,500 years ago. there is no scenario which humanity would not provide its basic needs with technological advances An existential threat warrants virtually any intervention Climate change is often mischaracterized this way Economical policies must be prioritized copious research refutes the claim that climate change cause an increase in illnesses there is limited evidence unless the Earth cools dramatically that climate change will result in diseases becoming more common studies from Africa England and Wales North and South America to Thailand and beyond refute any link despite warming vector borne diseases have become less prevalent and deadly there is no evidence warming is causing sea level rise authors of Nature diseases have become less likely as the earth has warmed A pandemic that threaten extinction is a very small probability a survey of the G C R Conference shows the median estimate for killing 1 billion to be 5% Ord estimates probability of existential risk from a pandemic in the next 100 years to be 0.01% . assumptions underpinning scarcity are illogical due to exaggeration scarcity scholars have weak quantitative research that fail to prove the link large-N findings contradict results scarcity a force for cooperation scarcity is not strong enough to induce conflict |
00b59e036e226d676854004362292a75bb0c3f1fe016029e755c11a25e601d22 | Endorsing CCS organized labor | Endorsing CCS gets organized labor on board.
Cohen 19, Rachel Cohen, a reporter who focuses on US social policy. Based in Washington, DC, she keeps a close eye on the politics influencing policy development and the leaders, activists, and researchers spearheading those ideas, The Intercept, 09-20-2019, [“The Environmental Left Is Softening on Carbon Capture Technology. Maybe That’s OK.,” https://theintercept.com/2019/09/20/carbon-capture-technology-unions-labor/, 08-25-2024]rrf
opposition to carbon capture is rooted largely in politics nearly all of organized labor is committed to advancing the technology Unions will be a key constituency to organize in the fight to pass any sort of Green New Dea Union rep s support carbon capture because it will help preserve jobs in the fossil fuel industry, while also taking steps to tackle a warming planet Even if we close every coal fire plant in America it doesn’t change the fact that carbon capture is a thing we must do globally at scale As opposed to the current patchwork of LTS solutions in the U.S., a nation-wide program can be considered The benefits could include broader geographic coverage more consistent and comprehensive assumption of liability; and the presumed financial efficiency/risk diversification of having one larger Trust that can allow lower funding requirements vis-à-vis smaller ones |
02a3d942bde108837c5f066a254fac862a091ea400091e4532d5af0b051e42fd | Carbon pricing compensate low income | All other options are worse for inequality. NEG evidence is too generalizing.
Andrea Baranzini et al. 16. **Professor of Economics, Director, Geneva School of Business Administration, Switzerland. **Jeroen van den Bergh, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, deputy director for Research of its Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, and professor of Environmental and Resource Economics at VU University Amsterdam. **Stefano Carattini, Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at Georgia State University, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies. **Richard Howarth, Professor of Environmental Studies at Dartmouth College; Co-Chair, PhD Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment & Society. **Emilio Padilla, Department of Applied Economics, Univ. Autónoma de Barcelona. **Jordi Roca, Univ. Autónoma de Barcelona. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment Working Paper No. 224. Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy Working Paper No. 253. February 2016. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Working-Paper-224-Baranzini-et-al.pdf
argument that it will be inequitable too generalized statement Distributional effects strongly depend on design carbon pricing compensate low income households critique presumes comparable scenario is status quo neglects distributional impacts of climate change or other instruments raise costs and thus prices, assessing distributional effects difficult task involves six elements all |
0002a82038b544fd273f5b2b451faf60887e0000d5f80919b33ec6ac81612107 | drop in prices masking shortage | Mineral shortages doom the green agenda
AFP ’24 [staff, “International Energy Agency Warns of Key Energy Mineral Shortage Risk,” AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE, 5—17—24, https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/international-energy-agency-warns-of-key-energy-mineral-shortage-risk/110200125, accessed 8-19-24]
drop in prices masking looming shortage will deter investment needed to meet demand set to soar found only limited progress in diversifying supplies key issue given snarling supply chains and tensions creating risk to access |
038fd025e153a8dc61ee003480a44ec370451cc8231b124a701b72c17aeae66c | military education reduces battle deaths | Ignorance is not bliss – military scholarship linearly decreases war casualties, allows self-correction which prevents heinous acts, solves civil military relations, and increases the chances America wins.
Toronto 15 [Dr. Nathan W. Toronto is an associate professor of Strategy and Security Studies at the United Arab Emirates National Defense College. His research interests include Middle East security, theories of warfare, and civil-military relations. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy Analysis and Small Wars and Insurgencies, among other outlets. His current book project asks how militaries learn. You can follow him on Twitter @NathanToronto.His views are his own, and don’t necessarily represent the position of the UAE NDC or any other agency of the UAE government]. “Nathan W. Toronto – E-International Relations.” E, 26 May 2015, https://www.e-ir.info/author/nathan-w-toronto/. ) /// truman
few scholars acknowledge role of military education civil provides intellectual architecture for battlefield success contributes to civil-military relations capacity for analysis cultivates excellence fix things like humanitarian aid and disaster relief Military education a ‘ force multiplier conditions for success perform tasks culture of reflection in formal legislative oversight military publicly evaluates performance officers use resources like War on the Rocks mean military learn from mistakes capacity for critical analysis effective militaries integrate school curricula design methodology’ sensible risk mitigation strategy but incumbent advocates demonstrate the links to victory statistical probe shows this is the case fewer battle deaths country publishes more military periodicals before becoming involved in a war tends to suffer fewer battle-related combat deaths than countries with fewer calculations are encouraging military education contributes to stable c m r worth it |
00895825f5b32877ceb789a061f32e3c9c7905358588acd404a29805eddc25e7 | IRS resources sufficient tax gap | IRS resources are sufficient to meaningfully address the tax gap---that ensures fiscal health
Sarin and Mazur 24 [Natasha Sarin, associate professor at Yale Law School, and Mark Mazur, former director of the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center, interviewed by Bob Goulder, contributing editor with Tax Notes. 2-28-2024 https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2024/02/28/modernizing-the-irs-through-the-inflation-reduction-act/]
the tax gap is large $700 billion a year investment from the I R A increas compliance by a percent or two but it turns out a lot of potential revenue. the top 1 percent responsible for $200 billion of the tax gap it's those highly complicated audits where agency lost revenue where they haven't had resources it's where they're focused now that they have enforcement resources it's critical they retain them look ahead deficits of $2 trillion a year Given the choice between taxes or cutting Social Security or Medicare doesn't it make sense to go after the tax gap? if IRS successfully use funds Congress in the future say we can go back there and generate additional funds We saw some point to defunding the agency to spend less like deficit reduction The reality is exactly the opposite IRS resources to enforce the laws gives us potential to raise. That is huge and transformative even a small sliver make a meaningful impact |
0080bb10f907152ff06c19f68212de00fa83675fab40db3fcf07d9759fd7b20c | ICAO hates unilateral measures | ICAO objectively HATES unilateral measures—says mulilat is better—and unilateral causes confusion and undermines the organization itself UMN read yellow—also like why do we not have a single paragraph break in here?? Lets do better gang
Mayer and Ding 23 — Benoit Mayer is Professor of Climate Law at the School of Law at the University of Reading. Zhuoqi Ding is a PhD candidate @CUHKLaw Mayer, Benoit, and Zhuoqi Ding. "Climate change mitigation in the aviation sector: a critical overview of national and international initiatives." Transnational Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (2023): 14-41. //WMK
international stream has shortcomings which national action can help to address ICAO wish states reach agreement on mitigation via multilateral negotiations convened by the ICAO, rather than taking separate initiatives. ICAO reflects that unilateral measures offer a competitive advantage for national airlines or otherwise create a more complex regulatory environment national initiatives run the risk of merely displacing emissions they could even be counter-productive if passengers fly longer routes to evade carbon-pricing instruments. ICAO has a limited political capacity to initiate effective action placed growth before environment not advanced a long-term vision of the sector's decarbonization strategy appears mainly dilatory it was not until ETS ICAO agree to set up a global m b m policies that mitigat climate in aviation from international flights could improve aviation's climate efficiency that cannot be pursued unde ICAO ICAO distrust unilateral’ measures state's unilateral’ not promoting national interests at the expense of global interests carbon-pricing measures advance a global objective states retain significant regulatory space to implement measures jurisdictions have market power to set de facto global standards , on aircraft and implement carbon-pricing mechanisms in exercising global leadership They have diplomatic leverage to facilitate adoption of agreements national initiatives resulted in implementation of effective measure CORSIA limited aim to offset without addressing pre-existing emission levels constitute a red herrin need for far more effective action for decarbonization |
012660c4a717a50e34700a8e809fd53d50c9059972bb1121ca44369fb26cbde9 | Aubrey Church | 2. DISSIPATION: alkaline materials are temporary and degrade.
Church 24, Fisheries Policy Director at the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Professional Science M.A. from UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science and Technology (Aubrey Church, July 8, 2024, “Comment submitted by Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (CCFA),” https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0591-0070)
While alkaline must be at ocean surface to remove carbon dye will disperse vertically this creates conflicts with marine users and fisheries destratification to hurricane s or storms could cause alkalinity to go below the layer |
00d34c1d19a28c30d2b0d99bf45abf5bb852912a17c7fc02028fc97937f85105 | Putin nuclear threat hollow | No Russian nuclear use.
Shinkman 23’ – Paul, Senior Writer of National Security at U.S. News. “Putin’s Hollow Nuclear Threat”, U.S. News, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2023-02-24/why-ukraine-wont-lead-putin-to-nuclear-war, 02-24-2023
likelihood of Russia to use nuc s is astronomically low should not even be seriously considered Putin would love if leaders believed he might but he is not suicidal Putin’s references to potential nuclear war a tactic nuclear rhetoric exposes the extent to which the leader feels desperate for leve rage Russia’s sources of influence are dwindling in Russia war is not popular reports emerge about lack of confidence troops have in leaders nuc s wouldn’t achieve Putin’s aims doctrine calls for warheads as a tactic Russian forces are utterly degraded factor in NATO retaliation You’ve lost the operational advantage argued Putin understands the devastating effect on Russia if it were to launch nuclear weapons |
00eaf9c99ac563830190d3dd193466e0c54ac25fa327261cf8e6ecf49452ae0f | litigation swells backlogs in biotech sector | Litigation swells backlogs in the biotech sector, disrupting innovation that stops existential collapse.
Raidt ’14 [John; 2014; Vice President and Jones Group International Scholar, Senior Fellow at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, M.A. in Public Administration from the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, “Patents and Biotechnology,” p. 1-69]
Breakthroughs treat diseases meet major challenges involving food energy and environment achievements hinge on innovation biotech Competitiveness China is investing annual growth at 20% The next leap forward is medicine genetic s could stop health costs in tracks The industry factor in achieving energy , water , and food security tech may be the only way to meet demand In energy employed to biofuel “advances in sciences contribute innovative solutions to global challenges the “ biggest challenge is to address backlog while maintaining quality .” insufficient notice is a burden improper decisions foster resource-sapping litigation at the expense of r and d another problem costly lawsuit abuse The targets are startups lawsuits take years and time and money otherwise devoted to innovation |
0083f9aa12f257f5e4c9a4d9669b6634f6ddaf4da128991c329e096ac75e3245 | scarcity overlook how scarcity was created | Resource scarcity and abundance do not in themselves cause war. This narrative depoliticizes resource management.
Shannon O’Lear 23, Professor of Geography in the Geography and Atmospheric Science Department and Director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, “Geographies of Environmental Peace and Conflict,” Making Geographies of Peace and Conflict, 1st ed., Routledge, 09/20/2023, pp. 219–236, DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.4324/9781003345794-13
resource conflict does not deliver . providing no data elite group of people alleviate responsibility simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions of social causes of vulnerability resource scarcity overlook how scarcity was created there is scant research to show scarcity leads to conflict discourses are political invasion retaliation occupation and damage to relations carry too high a price resource determinism overlook complex systems |
000a064a2ed2e6c851497178d5fe27149a4c19044d7f433cb7a4e248e0f78459 | Tyson Erdmann Naval War College | Recycling and reuse solves pollution – clean energy and security outweigh short-term costs
Erdmann 23 (Major Tyson E. Erdmann, 03-31-2023, "Diversifying the U.S. Rare Earth Element Resource Base is Vital to National Security", US Naval War College Writing & Teaching Excellence Center, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1209298.pdf [cut using OCR – pardon spelling and format weirdness!]) – MoState JG
Despite costs increased domestic extraction is best shifts control back to the U S become more self-reliant less dependent on market volatility caused by China's geopolitical conflicts security outweigh costs mitigated through recycling and reuse by themselves would fail when combined with increased domestic production and additional sourcing from allies could be effective clean mining will be marketable It is worth paying costs up front rather than setbacks later |
012733f37ae0c2735bb9d4b2cbe9be9f1ba3a2f57bf8d41b1ab4862de8032386 | virtual energy only theoretical | Getting a VER on the wholesale market is entirely theoretical---counterplan is the key first step.
Eisen – AFF SOLVENCY ADVOCATE et al 24 [Joel B. Eisen, Professor of Law, University of Richmond School of Law Felix Mormann, Professor of Law, Dean’s Research Chair, Texas A&M University School of Law; Professor of Engineering, Texas A&M College of Engineering Heather E. Payne, Professor of Law, Seton Hall University School of Law, “VIRTUAL ENERGY”, University of Illinois Law Review, pp. 107-162 (2024), https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4386321]
extensive opportunities for virtual energy production not exist at present creating them present many issues to be sorted out where VER serve everyone would require regulatory means for overseeing sales only exists in theoretical realm |
0197b3b8703bf87a8e3c1d9c39a44c36e6fa2b1f59fb2e8e6c4c9153fc90d5df | Accessible Canada Act good | Legal reform is good in the context of disability. The Accessible Canada Act is one example of how liberal states can have a positive relationship to disability.
Michael J. Prince 23, Lansdowne Professor of Social Policy at the University of Victoria, Canada, 2023, “17: The Accessible Canada Act: a political expression of disability rights as human rights,” in Research Handbook on Disability Police, Eds. Sally Robinson and Karen R. Fisher, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 217-230.
Worldwide human rights legislation for people with disabilities is continuing Signs include most countries ratifying the UN C onvention on R ights of P ersons with D isabilities and many nations pushing the boundaries of freedoms and rights This chapter explores the A ccessible C anada A ct the ACA proactively eliminate barriers and ensure greater opportunities for Canadians with disabilities signals a more respectful and supportive relationship with government effect may be a more positive sense of self The ACA clearly imparts a discourse of equality accessibility and acceptance of differences by the state This law, and similar ones are an important element in reducing societal barriers transforming cultural beliefs and providing essential public services Disability groups actively mobilized for the ACA, an successfully influenced the law in notable ways The ACA could be the most proactive and systemic approach to date Disability activists have a continuing stake in implementation the law offers mobilization opportunities for identifying and removing barriers to access |
0066c82b4e3fbec6d2aeb4c8cffd1cea5aa43cc5fdedfecf62d66283922cc452 | China dissatisfaction revisions | China is revisionist power---military modernization causes war
Jagannath P. Panda, Research Fellow and Coordinator of the East Asia Centre at MP-IDSA, New Delhi, 5-19-20, ‘“China as a Revisionist Power in Indo-Pacific and India’s Perception: A Power-Partner Contention” JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA2020, AHEAD-OF-PRINT, 1-17https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epub/10.1080/10670564.2020.1766906?needAccess=true
China’s revisionist power are appositely clear fast-track infrastructure through the BRI assertive claims in maritime domains claims over land territories attempts to create a distinct order through international institutions the tag of revisionism appears justified an article by the Chinese M F A highlights the country’s dissatisfaction dissatisfaction is no secret debates in China are center around revisions until China’s military match US, major war in not foreseen a revisionist power will ‘ employ military force’ |
0414042a9b41daba1d6dd1cdfd08e84a826ac11529fab2da9f5313052888ba25 | GCMs inadequate | 4. No existential climate impact.
Nicola Scafetta 24. Ph.D.; Associate Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Naples Federico II. "Impacts and Risks of ‘Realistic’ Global Warming Projections for the 21st Century." Geoscience Frontiers, Volume 15, Issue 2.
IPCC acknowledged a hot model problem according to empirical studies actual values could between 1 and 2 °C worst-case IPCC reports for the 21st century low confidence any change in frequency severity or extent of drought fire storms erosion heatwaves air pollution radiation recent research argued alarmistic scenarios are very unrealistic warming will be moderate at a slower rate than predicted GCM warmer in comparison to alternative records such as satellite-based and contamination from non-climatic factors GCMs grossly inadequate alternative uses empirical modifications of ensembles via linear scaling accurately represent warming from 80 to 22 growing evidence of warming biases and natural variability no evidence of impending disaster |
0317135d4890c4d9918985e9a02af9faa53eb4a9a15355bb4e35c492a956c891 | biodiversity loss causes extinction | Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war
TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016 (Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]
as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase |
022cf5436016f6372902e1b8ad759460d7e1b178c872350d2ea931c368ad6aaa | Government subsidies biomass harvesting | The forest biomass industry is not price competitive and cannot survive without subsidies
Pienaar & North 21, Professor Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; and PhD Candidate Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; and (Elizabeth & Benjamin, Continued obstacles to wood-based biomass production in the southeastern United States, GCB Bioenergy. 2021;13:1043–1053., https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.12834)
prices for wood-based biomass are low, which reduces the profitability from supplying wood-based biomass to pellet mills their financial incentive to harvest biomass is small landowners are more likely to engage in wood-based biomass production if they are assured of assistance Government subsidies are designed to ensure investment in biomass harvesting equipment and biomass facilities help to attain full biomass harvest potential However unless loggers and key stakeholders in biomass production trust that biomass for bioenergy will expand and persist, they will have little incentive to invest in the biomass supply chain |
00beb7f1392835f8ea7aaf0bb15536da7a1adced17de27fb83096ef2dc3bb7e3 | Childcare benefits to economy | Plank 4 is Key to long-run econ growth
Abott 21 [9-15; Sam Abott is a family economic security policy analyst at the Washington Center for Equitable Growth. Before joining Equitable Growth, Abbott was a child welfare and juvenile justice researcher and consultant at Child Trends and Georgetown University’s Center for Juvenile Justice Reform. He received an M.P.P. from Georgetown University and a B.A. from Bard College. "The child care economy," Equitable Growth, https://equitablegrowth.org/research-paper/the-child-care-economy/]
Insufficient child care options prevent parents who wish to work from doing so, Supporting child care workers ensur that these workers stay in their jobs. $1 in spending generates $8.60 in economic activity. child care choices reverberate throughout the economy. half of children live in child care deserts, Publicly funded education has been the national norm yet the same approach has not been applied to pre-K accessible, care also has the potential to generate substantial economic activity and growth Freeing up parents’ time Improving working conditions for millions of workers the current child care market leaves benefits to the economy unrealized. High-quality care helps children develop their human capital, the key to long-term U.S. economic growth. several evaluations of universal pre-K programs the benefits of high-quality early care and education extend to all children |
0066c82b4e3fbec6d2aeb4c8cffd1cea5aa43cc5fdedfecf62d66283922cc452 | China revisionist power military war | China is revisionist power---military modernization causes war
Jagannath P. Panda, Research Fellow and Coordinator of the East Asia Centre at MP-IDSA, New Delhi, 5-19-20, ‘“China as a Revisionist Power in Indo-Pacific and India’s Perception: A Power-Partner Contention” JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA2020, AHEAD-OF-PRINT, 1-17https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epub/10.1080/10670564.2020.1766906?needAccess=true
China’s revisionist power are appositely clear fast-track infrastructure through the BRI assertive claims in maritime domains claims over land territories attempts to create a distinct order through international institutions the tag of revisionism appears justified an article by the Chinese M F A highlights the country’s dissatisfaction dissatisfaction is no secret debates in China are center around revisions until China’s military match US, major war in not foreseen a revisionist power will ‘ employ military force’ |
02fb92320954802009adc71decd81f7706d03719ff96067ace7bc8060c19d25d | Lincicome 23 | Trade is resilient and companies easily adapt.
Lincicome 23, Vice President of General Economics at Cato’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, J.D., University of Virginia School of Law (Scott Lincicome, September 12, 2023, “Globalization Isn’t Going Anywhere,” CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere#)
skeptics missed nuance because they understood globalization as a straight-line of trade instead of a changing web of actors doing business daily In reality, corporations are always balancing risk and adapting when factors change (which they regularly do ). supply shocks are as old as production itself seasoned pro s did not simply abandon trade when COVID and Ukraine hit . They adjusted . non-friendly countries alleviated bottlenecks even after massive shocks , business today is very global . just different rocks on shores proven incapable stopping ocean of globalization |
001772b5799449099c69bc2f7fe72b79f13bf0938d13a583c7e5d354dcbba39a | Harvey 20 | Climate change requires pragmatism. Proposing and rejoining specific climate policies in debate provides students the problem-solving and critical thinking to unlock alternative futures.
Harvey, 20
Mobilizing can’t lead to change on its own no matter how ethically appealing cannot draw a line from protests to mothballed coal plants People need food places to sleep clothes to wear and this is the source of emissions will take time and major infusions to replace energy sources PRAGMATISM good climate strategy requires detailed understanding of means and ends There is no alternative to systems emit carbon and going after them climate change is rooted in relatively narrow band finite decision-makers those often ignored by climate activist s While activists were protesting pipeline little impact on oil consumption missing forum set building standards across the U S citizens are absent at forums where climate decisions are made next step figure out how they operate how to apply pressure on them These are questions one needs to make a difference They are the map to a serious solution |
029e6a7e2b925072a9deb95727f73abb83c44857fbef1decbc94fce85b7a753f | no unique link turn | 1. No unique link turn – Climate activists are mobilized and all-in for Harris now
Colman, Politico climate change writer, 8-23-24
The climate activist are pursuing a new strategy Get Harris elected now, ask questions later. Green activists are taking a do-no-harm approach to Harris’ candidacy, ditching demands for policy details . They say that’s because Harris has excited their base in ways Biden never did they can focus on their most important objective: thwarting Trump, who has vowed to trash their agenda if he wins We don’t want to sabotage her campaign for no valid reason.” That communication left the activists feeling heard With Harris’ emergence, “the enthusiasm was different and palpable, |
01ca32aee59ca261a9f69aa0d62cf1ecb668c39119c7c7e0aec9c0aec6959177 | Harriot 22 | Reparations are grounded in white supremacy and only seek to reify white dominance
Harriot - 22[Michael Harriot; April 13; 2022 Top 10 reasons why lineage-based reparations is a bad plan https://reparationscomm.org/reparations-news/10-reasons-why-lineage-based-reparations-is-a-bad-plan/|DOA: 7-24-23]-rrm
limit the resulting reparations to Black people whose ancestors were enslaved in the United States , spark robust debate about who is deserving of reparations undoing the legacy and history of slavery is not simple foundation rests on the precepts of white supremacy created the disparities reparations are intended to erase based on white history excludes the descendants who were enslaved in America by anyone other than English settlers white mat MAGA form of racism known as “economic anxiety |
030dd75e2af2b3e95cefe32eb66f624c426152a2efbd1b2f550cbebb6dc31f91 | cost competitiveness of renewables | Renewables are phasing out fossil fuels.
McMeekin ’23 [David; March 10; Junior Research Fellow in Physics and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the University of Oxford; St. Edmund Hall, “The Inevitable Energy Transition,” https://www.seh.ox.ac.uk/blog/the-inevitable-energy-transition]
Ukrain caused major shift in tensions prices soared due to restrictions emphasised need to become self-sufficient resides in transition utility bids at lower price ranges Enabling cost competitiveness cost of p v plummeted self-sufficiency major concern |
02bc343c97b3cccc6f3a41e757c345ffab186db1d63736b5f680995e10e21987 | USAID food assistance | Regardless of current trends, US production suppresses the worse impacts of food insecurity
Esposito ’24 [Dina Esposito, Assistant to the Administrator, Bureau for Resilience, Environment, and Food Security, “Testimony of Dina Esposito, Assistant to the Administrator, Bureau for Resilience, Environment, and Food Security, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee,” 3-6-24, https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/congressional-testimony/mar-06-2024-global-food-security]
even in the face of stark numbers American generosity has kept hundreds of millions off the knife’s edge . The U S has maintained its role as the world’s leader in food assistance . At the height of the global food crisis in 2022, USAID was able to provide $6 billion for food If we can help countries anticipate shocks we greatly reduce the need for assistance where Feed the Future worked, poverty, hunger, and child stunting all declined by 20-to-25 percent As food prices hit record highs following Ukraine, we rushed to get seeds and financing to markets we helped absorb the worst effects by strengthening local production without American leadership it would be far worse . Through COVID Ukraine, we persevered, and hundreds of millions benefitted |
00f2359518eeaf338e919abdee98963fb9c210785cf447b669801d86c2eb9652 | dividends offset potential costs | Its included dividends would offset potential increased costs.
Baker et al 20 – James A. Baker III is a Honorary Chair of Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1989 to 1992, George P. Shultz is a Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1972 to 1974 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1982 to 1989, and Ted Halstead is Chair and CEO of the Climate Leadership Council, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, “The Strategic Case for U.S. Climate Leadership”
returning the from carbon fees directly to American people the form of quarterly checks, or dividends 70 percent of families including least well-off receive more than would pay in increased energy prices. |
041cec67949c366125653b1eea0beeddac565417dbce769b10e79895c9d902ac | Wang 19 China LIO | Chinese influence destroys the LIO---extinction through multilateral breakdown AND great-power war.
Wang ’19 [Fei-Ling; October 24; Professor at the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania; The Cipher Brief, “The China Order: A Challenge for the U.S. and the World,” https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column_article/the-china-order-a-challenge-for-the-u-s-and-the-world]
the P R C challenge U S primacy to replace the international order and security PRC seeks an overhaul of nation-states governance address climate inequality , epidemics , and terrorism China at odds with the LIO consolidation is anchored in belief that failing would spell extinction rise upending Westphalia and redirect civilization the U S will face war and w m d the power will not stop unseating the world , unless checked America’s position and peace rest on PRC |
03ee172a815d90b229519f5abb60f4b00d2e2e220d61be2ec416d98f19dccd73 | Harris VP no link | No link---it’s not tied to Harris.
Marc A. Thiessen. 24. fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the former chief speechwriter for President George W. Bush. “A sitting VP has won once in 188 years. Harris isn’t likely to be next.”. The Washington Post. 8-27-24. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/08/27/kamal-harris-election-sitting-vp/
Harris is running as insurgent treating Trump as incumbent strategy is working poll finds 64 percent say Harris had little influence on Biden’s economic policies |
0466a22d77efe5166451832e82547919f516b08808cd6399f7d31b578a66192e | Tribal lands vulnerable to renewables | Turn -- Colonialism shifts to renewables
Aissa Dearing 5-2 (Aissa Dearing ,May 2, 2024, environmental justice activist and a PhD student at the University of Oxford "Renewable Energy and Settler Colonialism", JSTOR Daily, https://daily.jstor.org/renewable-energy-and-settler-colonialism/)
colonialism is a shape-shifter development of renewable energy resources haven’t reached all communities equally Infrastructure creation is shaped by uneven geographies, with development occurring in a way that promotes the , state found creative ways to maintain eminent domain over Tribal coal, gold, oil, and gas, and, now, lands for renewable energy Tribal lands resources vulnerable to corporate renewable energy expansion due to the relative absence of land use regulation and lack of financial incentives the constraints of being unable to participate on the international stage erode Tribal sovereignty, leaving Tribes unable to shape energy policy and trade . |
010c2f9acd4fe9001ad30b80c8152025e35f3cbebe8ac59650bd4d0ff5b541d9 | capitalism and climate change | Capitalism is sustainable and solves warming.
Hill ‘20 [Victor; 11/3/20; Financial Economist with the International Finance Corporation at the World Bank, lead writer for Master Investor, holds degrees from the University of Oxford, Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires, and Canterbury Christ Church University; "Only capitalism will save the planet," https://masterinvestor.co.uk/economics/only-capitalism-will-save-the-planet/]
coronavirus diverted attention from climate environmental groups are out-of-date advances in tech facilitated by free market are transitioning to zero-fossil fuel because it is economically viable business community understand CO2 there is respectable debate about how quickly it will cause results perfectly legitimate to question models many have questionable methodologies . Claims ten years left should be challenged climate rebels would shut down the economy cause unparalleled disruption poverty and starvation . No politician is behind that groups don’t offer real solutions to climate change the best chance to solve is market forces profit motives finance and tech Transition is already underway shift has accelerated economies of scale kicked in solar and wind outcompete coal energy storage are improving downside with extraction a cause of emissions is why there is focus on hydrogen producing zero emissions The holy grail cheap and clean could facilitate 45 percent of emissions eliminated capacity could be ramped up by SMRs gas plants phased out oil majors are here to stay they embraced CCS carbon pricing formed the OGCI a consortium to support Paris they will succeed reinventing themselves |
01696eb5fe6518aa4d29f239e24688f68d21015a09d7e72bd68775961bb387ce | nuclear and renewable energy solve | Combining advanced nuclear and renewable energy is the only way to solve.
Alex Gilbert 22, Project manager at the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, “The opportunity cost of not using nuclear energy for climate mitigation”, 2-3-2022, Utility Drive, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-opportunity-cost-of-not-using-nuclear-energy-for-climate-mitigation/618137/ - SDP
we’ll need all the available no-carbon tools nuclear energy has the lowest carbon emissions opponents of nuclear power argue that the opportunity cost of investing in nuclear power is too high This is a recipe for climate disaster renewable energy while ignoring other tech based on an incorrect understanding of decarbonization a broad tech portfolio that includes nuclear and renewable energy can create the most cost-effective carbon-free energy systems new nuclear energy and existing plants struggle in competition in absence of a carbon price Despite growth in renewable energy emissions rise It is urgent reduce emissions as quickly as possible nuclear and renewable energy are complementary in deep decarbonization next gen nuclear energy can be flexible to balance variability eliminating carbon emissions without nuclear will be costly variable renewable energy can increase emissions Keeping reactors online with federal policy has limited costs Combining nuclear and renewable interests lead to stronger political coalitions renewables alone relies upon the wrong cost metric renewable and nuclear energy are not direct competitors arguments use the wrong metric for climate solutions limitations of nuclear are offset by advantages of renewable just as limitations of renewable are offset by nuclear the climate is too important to bet on one tech Next gen nuclear energy is uniquely suited to decarbonize sectors that lack renewable s we can reduce the cost of future reactors so they can work together with renewables for decarbonization Investment today can enable significant future tech gains we need renewables and nuclear working together as fast as possible |
03a8340df0747757e3fbc0289393f8977a9de33ca9ccce41200bcdb0bb8cddef | Turns Saudi | TURNS SAUDI. Ends the global alliance system.
Wolf 24 [Martin Wolf is chief economics commentator at the Financial Times, London. He was awarded the CBE (Commander of the British Empire) in 2000. “A Trump win would change the world.” https://www.ft.com/content/4a14c19e-8285-4688-aa19-542023520798]
Trump’s transactional approach destroy US alliances But the alliance needs a leader With Russia threatening Europe and China alliances are more important than ever for the US Trump neither understands nor cares |
034e8b9b7ba54d56b8a3f0b784cc36efdce169b9a5367f80c19b0cfb251bd2c3 | carbon tax administration EPA | EPA assistance solves.
Calder Jack 15 is a CEO of Growth Wise, former research assistant and B.A. from the University of Chicago. “Administration of a U.S. Carbon Tax” March 1st, 2015. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9781138825369/ch003.xml DOA: 1/17/25 Rslish.
It should be straightforward for IRS to administer tax on emissions payable by a thousand taxpayers with easy-to-measure base, and not require resources skills staff integrated into normal administration Extending for CCS or land use attach to agencies that had technical knowledge a CT would have environmental protection objectives the EPA have oversight input with regard to IRS administration better carried out by EPA other department There would be cooperation between the Treasury IRS and EPA |
0255e08fdc8878e858eade627472681ea07288a83425330e1756ad47cd39af61 | net zero inflationary | It forces the Fed to maintain price stability, ie. rate hikes.
Irene Lauro 22, Environmental Economist; Schroders, 2/15/22, “What net zero means for inflation,” https://www.schroders.com/en-us/us/individual/insights/what-net-zero-means-for-inflation/
Carbon tax will lead to inflationary pressures more pronounced for econ largely rely on fossil fuels transition radical transformation generate demand and supply imbalances a trigger for large investment stimulus Higher prices force central banks to preserve price stability |
00ce8c56eef9bf24063d5b64335806d18e871c97f1ef29c091e27b7b468d7b24 | dumping oil gas stocks improves investment | They’re already divesting.
Vetter ’24 [David; February 9; climate writer and communications consultant at The Climate Laundry, Master’s in Sustainability, Enterprise, and Environment from the University of Oxford; Forbes, “Dumping Oil and Gas Stocks Improves Investment Returns: New Report,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2024/02/09/dumping-oil-and-gas-stocks-improves-investment-returns-new-report/]
oil investment saw weaker growth and higher risk fossil fuels deliver shocks hydrocarbon s find it difficult to offer value risks from flooding , to rising litigation every investment house has developed sustainable mandates Disruption competition electrification and climate re-evaluate fossil fuels ’ |
026b18e4948539ee61af4c1ecb973df4217c05b2d8484f085f46e1c6d1475989 | sliding scale cut larger investments | View it on a sliding scale---the larger the cut, the larger the investments.
Gina Potthoff 24, March 7; Deputy Digital Editor; Chicago Booth Review, “How High Interest Rates Harm Innovation,” https://www.chicagobooth.edu/review/high-interest-rates-harm-innovation
high rates discourage investing in tech leading to slower innovation that limit growth widely used indicators aggregate investment in i p v c r n d and patent For every 1 percent rise in rates R&D VC fell 25 percent patent declined 9 percent shifts lower overall output and decrease t f p reduce aggregate demand make it less profitable to innovate less incentive to develop new products sap investors’ appetite for risk-taking reduce financing rates rose venture fell 30 percent decline occurred in all industries new patents for important tech m l and cloud computing affected by rates |
04323035ac8f8d3f32e4b471f44653b538465e5de03e3d868b37b257d36ceea8 | Climate change and security | Terror scenario is worse---it just says that NATO has a commitment to fight terror NOT that those operations can ever be successful-inserted
John Conger 24, Director Emeritus of the Center for Climate and Security, Senior Advisor to the Council on Strategic Risks, and US Advisor to the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, former Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) at the U.S. Department of Defense, MS in Aerospace Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA in Science, Technology, & Public Policy from George Washington University, July 2024, “World Climate And Security Report 2024: Military Innovation And The Climate Challenge,” https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WCSR-2023-24.pdf
in the Mid East, Sahel and Africa groups engage in illegal activities individuals join NSAGs Boko Haram al-Shabab and ISIS NATO’s commitment to project stability and fight terror ism Using e v s can support NATO op s in contested environments disasters complicate readiness tasking personnel to assist with HADR strain resources planning and training low-carbon tech improve acceptance of NATO HADR |
03527e980edb963b86ebd4b8d238f15cc2de5d6f54e82ebd0d94bd695acf053b | US-China relations severe | Trump devastates US-China relations – also takes out advantage 2
Vinjamuri 24 [Leslie Vinjamuri, professor of international relations at SOAS University of London, director of the U.S. and the Americas program at Chatham House, “What Another Trump-Biden Showdown Means for the World,” Foreign Policy, 01-03-24, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/03/us-elections-2024-trump-biden-policy-diplomacy-china-europe/]
Those who claim Biden’s policies toward China are continuation of Trump’s are vastly oversimplifying . Trump’s bombastic and disruptive Trump’s strategy for China’s economic influence exclusively tariffs return of Trump Trump return consequences for U.S.-China relations severe |
00163d3cb65ef85355be2bbb6b512f440933970077e69551479f08885cffde31 | Trump foreign policy | Trump will end the U.S.-led order. The second term will make the first look like a “garden party.”
Drezner 23 – Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
Trump scrambled the network of alliances the U S had built Trump blasted allies for not contributing He threatened to exit sacrosanct agreements Trump bent over backward to ingratiate himself with Putin Xi and Kim Biden’s victory ended this bizarre behavior Biden proved willing to mobilize the CHIPS Act and I R A far ambitious Biden has been more adept at attracting allies Japan South Korea and AUKUS cemented cooperation adversaries are holding out hope for Trump’s return in 2025 Putin is unlikely to change tactics in Ukraine until after the election Putin knows Trump will help him Trump plans to scour intelligence agencies to remove officials he vilified there will no longer be adults in the room If Trump is reelected he will feel unconstrained A second Trump term would make the first one look like a party |
040dff8a6ae8743b83924830ab47c1d07305ea0f5d0460279f41de9d0d8c59af | William Robinson | Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.
Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/
capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war |
034d694fc6f49760a6d00c6aa0681617b5c71dc70457d460f7d8ef4bc8f42daa | climate securitization is colonial | The 1AC’s securitization of ecological stress reflects a colonial research paradigm that authorizes land grabs and armed intervention.
Billings 24, Master of Science Thesis, Community and Environmental Sociology; Research Assistant @ University of Wisconsin-Madison. (Kristen R., 8-23-2024, “Resilient Empire: The Coloniality of U.S. Climate Securitization and Abolitionist Countertopographies Of Militarism,” p. 12-18, http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/85692)
warnings ecological stress would damage U.S. national security signaled a shift to securitization , a discursive process by which actors articulate issues and remove them from politics Ecological concerns became the purview of military planners securitization of the environment disenfranchises the majority, stripping environmental ‘speech’ from emancipatory projects legitimate concerns about the environment were transmogrified into a scarcity-conflict model that built an image of a degraded and violent Third world publications posited limited access to fish was a causal predictor of conflict their methods renew discredited determinist thinking and perpetuat racialized stereotypes Climatic determinism were central to European imperial traditions Colonial claims non-white populations were incapable of self-governance and susceptible to violence disorder motivated martial and humanitarian interventions and were central to U.S. empire-building Scarcity, rather than being a product of uncontrollable pressures such as drought is the result of artificial supply shortages scarcity is mobilized to legitimize land grabs and authorize external management of resources invocations of scarcity reproduce colonial imaginaries of racialized primitive others incapable of responsibly using resources nuclear fear colonized the very idea of the catastrophic It was deployed to create a security state it taught to think as nuclear subjects and transform that cataclysmic vision into nation-building nuclear attack exercises were means of installing specific ideas about nuclear crisis then mobilizing that imagined crisis as a means of militarizing the public The bomb folds terrors and hegemonic desires together This image of catastrophe enabling consensus of global capitalism through mass psycho-social regulation the state transformed catastrophe into a core tool of domestic governance . Evoking the sudden end of American civilization has since become a basic tool in governance a reliable means of blocking debate as well as taking extraordinary actions recently invading other states and conducting deadly drone strikes hyper-rationality of the nuclear system is an attempt to over-ride inevitable reality of its use U.S. security logics are structured by fear of the surprise attack nuclear fear has been coded into American culture |
02f885632e361f3cc42f12049219096f8f7b392e3308e05dfb67c8a060f6fa47 | risk assessment policy actions | Climate realism solves the terminal impact.
Molly M. King 22. Santa Clara University, “Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate Justice”. King, M. M., & Gregg, M. A. (2022). Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice. Sociology Compass, 16(1), e12954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12954
environmental features constructed to neglect disadvantage people with disabilities Once vulnerabilities are identified relevant adaptive characteristics can be identified Identifying risks is useful to understand how disproportionately affected populations address vulnerability the critical realist model enhances our understanding of climate justice strating how vulnerable communities can adapt to climate change institutional transformation to reduce bodily, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities better information that leads accurate risk assessment policy actions support capacity and resilience. |
0006b2b480c32587c5845b7c562bf170d2db4cdd7f12ea5e972302a8bd343a04 | Deglobalization talk | No global fragmentation.
Daniel Bachman 6/15, Dr. Bachman is a senior manager with Deloitte Services LP, in charge of US economic forecasting for Deloitte’s Eminence and Strategy functions. He worked as a forecaster and economic analyst at the US Commerce Department, "United States Economic Forecast," https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/economy/us-economic-forecast/united-states-outlook-analysis.html
exports have been a positive contributor to GDP forecast shows US exports growing over the five year horizon imports have fallen this trend is unlikely to continue a lot of talk about “deglobalization Global exports grew and have stabilized while trade patterns may be changing, the United States remains as fully connected as it has been |
03b1a92a48bdafbac233be3e8f45807bf5b16c3eb6cf12e11d5950fad6a77a93 | Refuse the will to forget | Refuse the “will to forget” subaltern memories, expunging the infinite generations of loss.
Myles Lennon 20. Dean's Assistant Professor of Environment and Society and Anthropology at Brown University; Ph.D in Anthropology and Forestry & Environmental Studies from Yale University; B.A. in Development Studies from Brown University. “Postcarbon Amnesia: Toward a Recognition of Racial Grief in Renewable Energy Futures,” 22 January 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243919900556, DOA: 8/1/2024, seiji
clean energy reproduce free market exploitation tech brought to market through carbon-intensive plastic and marine containers poor p o c assemble them for poverty wages and expose to toxins we always defer intent on offering a utopic alternative a repressive dynamic to ignore batteries from lithium mining steal indigenous resources Solar extraction plastics and mining aluminum create e-waste when decommissioned produced in exploitative conditions utopic postcarbon future made through an elision of pain reproductive of colonial hierarchy the postcarbon moment necessitates eradication of carbon markets a “ will to forget” erase memories of colonial subordination the past can’t be expunged extractive carbon practices undergird tomorrow’s renewable energy the wounds of racial grief can’t be healed through utopic tech |
01274591279e2b34019faba62e8c4525a3c1c5456a593e6e91d9b1c35a2342b1 | breaking promises audience costs | 2. Audience costs of breaking promises dissuade repeal.
Sterk 03 [Stewart E. Sterk (H. Bert and Ruth Mack Professor of Real Estate Law, Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University; Director, Center for Real Estate Law & Policy, Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University; J.D., Columbia University), 2003, “Retrenchment on Entrenchment,” George Washington Law Review, Vol. 71, p. 231-254, https://larc.cardozo.yu.edu/faculty-articles/408, accessed 8-12-2024; njn]
the subsequent legislature will recognize that to repudiate will reduce its ability to make commitments If the government repudiates commitments , parties will be less likely to rely on commitments this permitted states to sell moral obligation that has no binding obligation |
0080aa32b5210edd99f594fc473da9a382aa110748cf5809f760d4120075ac6e | CCS locks in fossil fuel | 2. Turn - CCS locks in fossil fuel infrastructure.
Asayama '21 – Social Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Shinichiro Asayama; "The Oxymoron of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Escaping Carbon Lock-In and yet Perpetuating the Fossil Status Quo?"; Frontiers in Climate, Vol. 3, Sec. Carbon Dioxide Removal; 07-11-2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.673515)
CCS presented as a “bridging tech appeal was to allow continued use of fossil fuels cost of renewable generation has fallen dramatically the cheapest in many places progress in CCS stalled and not been deployed adding CCS deepen lock-in building infrastructure for capturing transporting and storing as socio-technical system requires large capital investments with long lead-times This increases infrastructural inertia for decades and make difficult transition |
038b9d71736fa16eb05a7b3716922f2ccf76dc395d8c4d7ab56701a24d7cf870 | Kaye 22 | No Middle East war and economic weakness prevents escalation.
Kaye 22, Senior Fellow, University of California Los Angeles Burkle Center for International Relations, former director, Center for Middle East Public Policy, RAND (Dalia Dassa Kaye, 2022, “America’s Role in a Post-American Middle East,” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 45, No. 1, University of Kansas Libraries, Springer)
states are realigning Saudi the UAE , and Turkey began off ramps to regional wars as they de-escalate conflict with Iran Amid pandemic and econ downturns wars were unsustainable states began normalizing relations America increased concern over Iran partners nonetheless kept the door open Even staunchest in Saudi opened talks with Iran and increased engagement |
03fa1fc79f917f15556f0c60eb5ed22f2145e0520e6fbabb9b96643b8e80141a | permanent scarcity pre-capitalist societies | Capitalism is sustainable otherwise transition wars.
Karlsson 21 - (Rasmus Karlsson, Department of Political Science, Umeå University; 6-18-2021, Social Theory for the Anthropocene: Thinking and Acting in a Disrupted Planet, "Learning in the Anthropocene," doa: 2-25-2022) url: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/10/6/233
Experiencing permanent scarcity conflict was endemic to pre-capitalist societies . already accumulated emissions exceeds the 1.5-degree target even if all stop today . removal will require an advanced industrial society . behavioral change remains insufficient or provokes a strong political counterreaction . countries committed to growth gain a military advantage . a collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence large-scale carbon capture tech appear essential use will become necessary if disaster is to be avoided |
01a8a69c3be67c212a51caa7b3611a98e626c8690089b5df050006b83a437338 | climate is bad | No link---a tax is only a nominal MBI.
Komanoff and Delucchi 20, *Director of the Carbon Tax Center, A.B., Applied Math, Harvard University, **Professor at University of California, Berkeley (*Charles Komanoff, **Mark Delucchi, October 8, 2020, “The main value of a carbon tax is normative.” Carbon Tax Center, https://www.carbontax.org/blog/2020/10/08/the-main-value-of-a-carbon-tax-is-normative/) [[Email screenshot text]]
a carbon tax says climate is bad ; identifies who is responsible and creates penalties in proportion It undercuts bullshit about wondrous “free” markets the left denigrate a “ market measure ” taxes are the opposite to attack capitalism |
0073f1542c128f34c61cd3dadfea55c98be72c8407c6b83d2c9aa2c6fe7a0e85 | Oil earnings backstop Vision 2030 | Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.
Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)
Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues |
00ce8c56eef9bf24063d5b64335806d18e871c97f1ef29c091e27b7b468d7b24 | fossil fuels deliver shocks | They’re already divesting.
Vetter ’24 [David; February 9; climate writer and communications consultant at The Climate Laundry, Master’s in Sustainability, Enterprise, and Environment from the University of Oxford; Forbes, “Dumping Oil and Gas Stocks Improves Investment Returns: New Report,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2024/02/09/dumping-oil-and-gas-stocks-improves-investment-returns-new-report/]
oil investment saw weaker growth and higher risk fossil fuels deliver shocks hydrocarbon s find it difficult to offer value risks from flooding , to rising litigation every investment house has developed sustainable mandates Disruption competition electrification and climate re-evaluate fossil fuels ’ |
035f6066af127a09e1fb6f1939ac59ad7067fbf2236ff6321a62e6c0420794cf | independent central bank | 5. Studies prove that effects don’t spill over to core inflation, plus independent central bank checks.
Konradt & Mauro 23 Maximilian Konradt, Geneva Graduate Institute. Beatrice Weder di Mauro, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland, INSEAD, France. “CARBON TAXATION AND GREENFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND CANADA” 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad020 DOA: 11/8/24 Rslish.
findings, drawing from Europe and Canada cast doubt on view carbon tax leads to inflation find no evidence of an inflationary response any inflationary effects associated with carbon tax do not spill over to core inflation do not lead to increase in prices shock muted independent central banks , respond to inflationary pressure |
02c1cb8a4547a447ed493eabfc5d4d15efb2c7535f004477a93bc2ef147ac231 | trans life subjectivization | Spectrality hijacks perception as a tool of reality enforcement to generate trans livability
Montgomery 24, (Montgomery, Westley. "Becoming Spectral: Phantasmagorias of Late Capitalism and Trans Desubjectivity in Hyper-pop." Transgender Studies Quarterly 11.2 (2024): 370-384.)G$
perception i s a subjectifying force bringing to presence the imperceptible or unperceivable networks of perception in which subjects are born, identities are carved and bodies come to be bodies , spectrality is a form of transition, a becoming forged in the collective communal refusal of the encounter, a violence to end all violence under late capital the body is the primary site of projection the thing between subjects its own phantasmagoria we no longer have the option to extinguish the lantern in order to reinstantiate the relationships between alienated subjects . Discourse surrounding representation has often focused on visibility as primarily visual and an inherent good perception i s a technology of subjectivization perception is a more complicated socioperceptual phenomenon than is captured by identity audibility is inseparable in the sense of representation as a means of perceptual sense-making Representation expressed solely through visibility as a metric conjures limited record of how trans subjectivities produce and are produced by the multisensate fields of meaning in which they operate Reading the conditions of trans life through processes of subjectivization may amplify voices that resonate above and beneath our current range of hearing “perceive me on my terms, and at your own risk.” |
015408d71a963129b64447520dd875816ebc8332e9575434f9d5b120d735a4c0 | metaphysics of military planning | Fiat is a view from above---their model sustains a metaphysics of military planning, pacifying freedom struggle.
Return Fire 20, Anarchist Journal, Anonymously Published, “23 Theses Concerning Revolt,” Autumn 2020; Editor’s note, A text published by Distri Josep Gardenyes, which was formed “to share and disseminate texts that we consider to be of strategic importance in the current struggles”. Josep Gardenyes, who they took their name from, was one of the anarchist 'uncontrollables' executed in Barcelona during 1936 by anarchobureaucrats of the C.N.T. during their treacherous spell within the 'revolutionary' government; Vol. 6, Chapter I, https://returnfire.noblogs.org/files/2021/03/Return-Fire-vol.6-chap.1-start-pg70.pdf
all belong to the ruling class who look at their lives from above the idea of objectivity is a metaphysical operation which makes us wonder how the economy should be deployed instead of "what am I going to do to fulfill wishes with others?" By contemplating from above, we share the the way of seeing the world – of the system that dominates military strategy starting point is ideal and abstract plan to impose on the map that represents reality |
022269bf9640e6b6b80cbc30b79b05a3565b34f23117702c7a00b3946f0963db | Freud neuroscience | Psychoanalytic drive theory is wrong---studies of localized human brain lesions and animal self-stimulus prove
Watt 12, senior clinical Neuropsychologist at the Boston University School of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (Douglas, “Theoretical challenges in the conceptualization of motivation in neuroscience: Implications for the bridging of neuroscience and psychoanalysis”, pg 85-108)
work on motivation received major impetus from localized electrical brain stimulation, which found animals selfstimulate ventral tegmental area this generates a positive state, described as hopefulness consummatory pleasure may not require ventral tegmental dopamine systems while anticipatory excitement clearly does there is no simple motivational ‘ centre ’ in the brain) as it appears after injury to structures psychoanalysis has been hampered by its allegiance to outdated drive theory Freud had no access neuroscience. A reworking of psychoanalysis, away from drive theory (which does not conceptualize social connection needs would bring psychoanalysis into register with neuroscience drive-discharge’ models cannot do justice to complexity where prototype emotions operate, as behavioural involve more complex aims attachment theory has supplanted drive theory, psychoanalysis needs to incorporate multiple prototype /affective systems. to with empirical work on neural substrates there were two large clusters of emotional systems, not ‘Eros’ and ‘Thanatos’, it was the protection of the organism versus systems that tied organisms together for a shared purpose Eros but not Thanatos |
000ec825109ce98f4f991bff9cdb33a8d0e3812bc4c02530564358af4fd5387f | international mining standards | US critical energy mineral reform - domestic and imports – is key
Odell ’23 Scott D. Odell 2023 is a visiting assistant professor at George Washington Uni- versity and a visiting scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Environmental Solutions Initiative., “Cooperate Internationally, Reduce Demand,” May/June 2023, https://www.eli.org/sites/default/files/files-pdf/TheDebate-May-June-2023.pdf
The United States wil l have to import large amounts of natural resources Congress must reform the General Mining Law. But also pay attention to pressures mining places on communities and the environment beyond its borders The success will depend on U.S. policy While strengthening its own socioenvironmental regulations the United States should also take a leading role in establishing international mining standards single-minded efforts to replace fossil-fuel energy with metals -dependent energy will replace climate change with a new crisis: ac- cumulated social and environmental harms from ubiquitous empty mine facilities in communities around the world. |
02e36db2f360830f365d5046e14f9f6fbf38852af2989eb92a28261b01082949 | ressentiment reversal of pre-existing values | 2 - Triggers ressentiment – the cessation of life-affirmation. Through passively nihilistic views of life, it forces hostility for its own sustenance.
Tuinen 24 - Sjoerd van Tuinen 2024 (Sjoerd van Tuinen is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Erasmus University Rotterdam. Driven by affinities across the arts and humanities, he publishes on critical theory, metaphysics, aesthetics, and the history of philosophy. "The Dialectic of ressentiment; pedagogy of a concept" Published by routledge. Accessed 08-19-2024. Pgs: 88-92 URL: https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/63996/1/9781000953268.pdf) //MSUCB
ressentiment is a response to a perceived wounding or humiliation it is a delayed reaction that deepens efficacy as hostile sentiment ressentiment is demand for compensation the attempt to claim indemnity for passivity, the [herd] imagine a culprit responsible for hurt, upon whom they exact revenge . This obfuscates original trauma and transforms revenge into a reflexive idea the [herd] never cease to justify themselves through negation and blaming of a hostile world This takes the form of a reversal of pre-existing values which turns weakness into merit Ressentiment is a repercussion due to the inability to restore imaginary justice It may inflict more suffering on the self as a weapon against others . ressentiment is a re-sentiment a feeling made from remainders of others jealousy suspicion rancor malice and bitterness tend towards generalization values spawned by ressentiment set off eruptions of previously arrested as well as new sentiments ressentimental people need the explosions of feeling’ to compensate for internal suffering They hide hatred by pretending to be beautiful souls signaling virtues through fits of disgust and representing justice, love, wisdom, and purity of heart a self-gratification |
00229b92bfa2cbffbc965bb5ce39db95594b359f0be7bf00fa0865ded5a7f1a4 | Develops detailed advocacy and research skills | It develops detailed advocacy and research skills.
Dybvig ‘2k [Kristin Chisholm Dybvig, Ph.D. in Interpersonal Communication/ Research Methods from Arizona State University; Joel Iverson, Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, “Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy,” https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html]
debate provides preparation for argumentative agency the capacity to employ strategies in action research for competition is a catalyst and provide a depth of understanding Without the guidance of a topic , how many students would do research on mutilation in Africa, or U N sanctions on Iraq ? competitive debate provides an impetus for to research beyond their front doors makes us good advocates debaters who protest sanctions were not engaged until research drew them to the topic Even if not compelled to take action, research changes opinions the topic U S F G should spurred activism college was used to rally people in support of movements researching both sides of argument created advocates debaters learn both sides so they could defend their positions against attack Learning the nature of proposals helps debaters strengthen their stance |
01a37669d1b4ef4d1bfe18d8462574e81541a4a09e11dd40abeb284e10be97a7 | ocean acidification plankton | Ocean acidification
Jodie Phillips 2024, “Ocean Acidification and the Food Web: The Impact on Fisheries and Aquaculture”, Sustainable Living Environmental Blog, January 24, accessed 6/25/24, https://www.environmentalconsortium.org/ocean-acidification-and-the-food-web-the-impact-on-fisheries-and-aquaculture/, HMc
acidification weaken ocean life. across the food web For plankton acidified water can slow growth Shellfish experience difficulty forming shells Fish encounter challenges with growth, predators suffer, as disruptions impact prey Aquaculture faces its own challenges as acidified waters hinder farmed fish. |
01a6bf92bca38d37b0adacc38baafd2886ed890718463a98adc20845b67c550a | Independent Texas take US oil | 2---AND an independent Texas would go after US oil and military
Holley 22. Peter Holley, Nov 2022. TexasMonthly “Are Texas Republicans Serious About Secession?” https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/are-texas-republicans-serious-about-secession/ ///mosuQ
senator Cruz said how little stood in the way of him changing his mind [on secession.] if there comes a point I think we take NASA, we take the military, we take the oil. ” |
00dccefb42fdd8061e9bd80f5334a501a23b4c1fcff96bc95cfd3dce3a4e3b6a | Harvey 23 | Acting on warming now is uniquely good.
Fiona Harvey 23, Environment Editor for the Guardian, 3/20/2023, "Scientists deliver ‘final warning’ on climate crisis: act now or it’s too late," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/20/ipcc-climate-crisis-report-delivers-final-warning-on-15c
warning only drastic action can avert IPCC set out assessment world still has chance of limiting rises still hope of staying within 1.5 underscores urgency of action Temperatures are about 1.1 If emissions peak and are reduced it may be possible to avoid ravages |
039a50a45b2e60b07f83d1c0efd2bc4e16dd3df3203c77410b2048d62a275893 | Kei Kawashima Ginsberg | 2. POLYLITHIC---the youth are too diverse AND care about too much to focus on the plan.
Ginsberg ’24 [Kei Kawashima; July 11; contributor; US News, “Youth Are Turned Off by the 2024 Election. We Can Still Engage and Mobilize Them,” https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2024-07-11/youth-are-turned-off-by-the-2024-election-we-can-still-engage-and-mobilize-them]
Youth Have Diverse Priorities inflation cost of living are top issue young notable for caring about gun violence abortion justice , immigration and debt half are of color and 1 in 5 are LGBTQ experiences run gamut people face deeper barriers to voting because race ethnicity or education |
037c8df11eac82ac23e62d38279ce7e6561339b083fd1ccee7353fed811ea42f | Carbon pricing boosts fracking | Plan’s popular in PA – it immediately boosts fracking.
Kristin Hayes and Dr. Marc Hafstead 20. Senior Director for Research and Policy Engagement, Resources for the Future. Fellow, Director for Carbon Pricing Initiative, Director for Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative, Resources for the Future; PhD, Economics, Stanford University. “Carbon Pricing 103: Effects across Sectors.” Resources for the Future. Apr. 27, 2020. https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/carbon-pricing-103-effects-across-sectors/.
carbon price changes relative prices coal produces high emissions relative to natural gas In the short run this result in a shift from coal to natural gas |
01701ad9eca26d7022d4573c639efb603e3088deea08b28e5fb37c2c606327c0 | drone proliferation arms race | Extinction
Dr. Michael J. Boyle 13, Professor of Political Science at La Salle University, Former Lecturer in International Relations and Research Fellow in the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at the University of St. Andrews, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare”, International Affairs, Volume 89, Number 1
76 countries have UAV tech including Russia , China , Pakistan and India A global arms race for drone tech is already under way With demand growing, a number of states have begun the aggressive selling attack drones Great Powers driven by nuclear deterrence overt confrontations between nuclear powers are rare drone surveillance is low cost, and deniable. States engage in ‘salami tactics’ drones erode deterrent relationships between nuclear powers, thus magnifying the risks of a spiral of conflict between them. Drones are prone to accidents and crashes an accident or crash will spiral out of control and lead to an armed confrontation to develop internationally recognized standards and norms ensure their use and sale are , regulated |
00d3143c8d6611a39807150cf891142af4a236f6b8523b8bfc12b0dd87de3790 | Eco-Sumud disrupts social relations | Eco-Sumud promotes diverse mechanisms to disrupt the material and abstract processes that structure social relations. Eco-Sumud represents the everyday efforts of Palestinians to stay on the land with environmentally sustainable ways of resisting occupation and living through the land.
Edwards, 24 [Nico is a researcher, Student in International Relations and a UKRI ESRC SeNSS student-led studentship awardee “Resisting Green Militarism, Refusing Sustainable War – Collective Action for Peace and Ecological Justice.” World Peace Foundation, February 24, 2024. https://worldpeacefoundation.org/blog/resisting-green-militarism-refusing-sustainable-war-collective-action-for-peace-and-ecological-justice-2/, Accessed 24 August 2024] Lhudson
There is momentum to drive new contexts of collective action through bringing together peace, justice and ecological movements there lies great potential to enhance intersectional mobilisation that demand change Some promote direct disruption, others indirect mechanisms to disrupt abstract processes that structure social relations most initiatives are not reducible to policy versus grassroots or indirect versus direct action, but involve aspects of all Fight Toxic Prisons, Stop Cop City and XR Peace exemplify direct action r acialised and indigenous communities practice myriad eco-social resistance in everyday lives, embodying and act towards just decolonial eco-social transitions collective ecological justice actors are resisting occupation dispossession, ecocide and social warfare all at once resistance addresses intersecting harms at the community-level Eco-sumud represents everyday steadfastness to stay on lands combined with environmentally sustainable ways C asa Pueblo is example how to bridge theorising and practising eco-social resistance nexus between militarism and ecological injustice offers innovation and expansion of collective action acts of interrogating and communicating, are necessary methodologies for tackling knowledge gaps that feed fragmentation of movements |
015978501a3756eaead67288dea060725194054e5c49db77686a13316aeeb516 | Trump PC insufficient mass deportation | Trump PC is insufficient for mass deportation now
Montanaro 1-15-2025, political columnist at NPR (“Trump will begin his presidency in delicate position, poll finds,” NPR, https://www.npr.org/2025/01/15/nx-s1-5259893/poll-trump-immigration-economy-favorability)
despite claims of a powerful mandate Trump may have to be careful about whether to mass deport immigrants Trump promised action but politics may be tricky Presidents become vulnerable because of overreach They believe falsely that because they were elected, they have a mandate for everything on their agenda that's not the case The opening round of the term is not going well Americans are not convinced of Trump's agenda Mass deportations are getting mixed reviews |
02f4a02bfd1dcd5d1444a9980c71f75541d85918f27f175da3e3bebeecf7d0ed | Cost institutional and infrastructure barriers | Cost, institutional, and infrastructure barriers overwhelm transition incentives from tax
Patt 18 [Professor Dr. Anthony Patt, head of the Climate Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, PhD from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group III in the IPCC; and Professor Dr. Johan Lillestam, head of the Renewable Energy Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, “The Case against Carbon Prices,” Joule 2, p. 2487-2510, 12-19-18, OCR errors manually corrected, https://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(18)30567-1.pdf] [language modified]
growing number of energy scholars , suggests carbon prices do not address challenges of transition first barrier is cost takes time to scale up supply chains for new tech involving new market entrants with limited reserves , meaning price differential starts large carbon price [inhibited industry dramatically raised pri-ces. second barrier is mismatch between tech and infra major elements of grid need to be replaced also need new infrastructures , such as storage Infra is not something carbon prices address third barrier is institutional Under current power market shares of wind and PV pushed prices below zero reduces profits Carbon prices do not address this counter-arg prices trigger investment in low-carbon tec h study found effect extremely limited carbon prices are outdated barrier to change that prices address cost of renewable is ceasing to be relevant |
036c86608c8a745ab55b61bef2748102a3e8f68b95710859500f32bd901e1662 | low-carbon firms credit | Warming. Investors won’t be able to or want to finance the green transition due to unfavorable lending policies.
Emilio Campiglio 14. Post-Doctoral Researcher at the LSE Grantham Research Institute, PhD from the University of Pavia. “Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.” Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Working Paper No. 181. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Working-Paper-160-Campiglio-20142.pdf
carbon price may not be enough low-carbon firms necessitate credit banks lack confidence to create new credit even in presence of right prices credit market failure with deep uncertainties surrounding carbon price , makes case for green capital requirements , modifying risk weights and other policies aimed at easing lending for low-carbon |
043fa2e8f5302c230146c02517b2d8e2d62c4b99fa1f896f6ce11b539d75aa10 | Fed should stay in its lane | Fed independence exists but is fragile now – changing mandates politicizes the fed.
John Crawford, Professor of Law, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco., 6-22-2024, William and Mary Business Law Review. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873544
Fed’s independence is fragile enough in core policymaking functions when fighting monetary financial instability we should limit things that could weaken Fed’s independence Fed should stay in its lane Congress should keep that narrow |
0361eb4ff0493751eac0345c926574b65d6e1ea181a60e2ed64d1b5747b46c89 | algorithmic contracts are uncertain | 6. Algorithmic contracts are inevitable but uncertain.
Lauren Henry Scholz 17, McConnaughhay and Rissman Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, J.D. from Harvard Law School, “Algorithmic Contracts,” Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 2017, https://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=articles
algorithms creates uncertainty create problems humans are unlikely to foresee Businesses manage their own risks firms poke around looking for patterns once found they operate unlikely using algorithms will change given success uncertainty becomes untenable when many are using algorithms When an algorithm has unpredictable results because a business is not sure what causes positive results business manage internally problem is since algorithms are not operating within anyone’s domain no entity is keeping track of and minimizing risks for unanticipated results that lead to crises nobody understands what went wrong |
034e31ba7c5aeda91fb9dd6216a9fec487171bd45fd9ad79aeb470388027700d | jobs vs environment debate bad | The topic locks discussions on climate policy in a forced choice between jobs and the environment. This can never account for the complexity of indigenous experience and cannot provide solutions that stop or deconstruct the settler state. Must avoid replicating decision making that is failing indigenous peoples in the squo.
Powell 2015, (Dana E. Powell, assistant professor of anthropology at Appalachian State University, received her Ph.D. from University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, “The rainbow is our sovereignty: Rethinking the politics of energy on the Navajo Nation”, http://jpe.library.arizona.edu/volume_22/Powell.pdf)
Settler colonialism is a historical configuration the process of conquest has been neither completed nor abandoned multiple interpretations of tribal sovereignty are being deployed vis-à-vis the energy infrastructure infrastructural projects work to position different possible futures their undeniable materiality a reminder that at stake in this debate over the future is how we might re-engineer nature there is an intimate connection between debates over tribal governance sovereignty is "ambiguous This makes sovereignty an "enveloping yet empty sign" sovereignty is defined through a strong attachment to a particular territory. The significance and power of the Navajo landscape is expressed through the collective memory geography illustrates a sense of lived, territorial sovereignty the struggle over Desert Rock has been portrayed as jobs-versus-environment there are deeper stakes ways in which energy extraction is remembered impacted by policy decisions |
03e4e72b66c256d010071a10f9ce9f3f0e16c9f7612e01094a9a0be394135f0b | Mexico most important relationship | Trump invades Mexico---that’s existential
De Loera-Brust 23 – former special assistant to the U.S. secretary of state
Bomb Mexico proposals are the most harmful ideas ever entertained the Mexico relationship involves daily coop on water c t trade Trump fantasized about military force on Mexican soil starting a war in Mexico is not impossible The proposal should be taken as the real threat to security that it is. Mexico strongly opposes it coop already hangs by a thread There is no doubt any plausible leader would refuse permission we could end up fighting the Mexican gov consequences are hard to overemphasize the Mexican war was the deadliest foreign conflict in U.S. history Guerrilla activity plague U.S. forces weak nations can inflict real damage Even if the gov stayed out we’d be left with counterinsurgency a remake of Iraq proximity means any conflict would instantly create impacts at home cartels would fight back inflict violence on American streets migration would fuel xenophobic massacres wars are a Pandora’s box Mexico is the U S most important relationship Millions depend on trade As we challenge pandemics and great-power competition the U S desperately needs Mexico ability to near shore critical industries and climate require coop |
005df452965ef8dbf7c487b904192ef80dce362ce2a412908ed710b5bd0d4af4 | Asmin and Howell | Tax havens prove offshoring.
Asmin, Howell 16 – Ash Asmin, Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at the University of Cambridge, UK, Phillip Howell, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Geography at the University of Cambridge, 2016, “Releasing the Commons," Routledge Studies in Human Geography, https://www.routledge.com/Releasing-the-Commons-Rethinking-the-futures-of-the-commons/Amin-Howell/p/book/9781138546486, AB
Offshoring getting around rules avoid regulations Money staying onshore exception Most big money offshored Almost all major companies possess offshore accounts half world trade $21 trillion banking sector most prolific user of tax havens over half of overseas subsidiaries of major banks ‘treasure islands’ of low tax |
01602b859812f8947997bd0aa8eb484f9bf02cc596e5f6b9a6439193eb56b05f | Brenes 22 | 7. Failure to provide a clear alternative to hegemony and liberal foreign policy ensures their method remains insular.
Brenes 22 (Michael Brenes teaches history at Yale University. His new book is For Might and Right: Cold War Defense Spending and the Remaking of American Democracy. 12-20-2022, "American Hegemony Is Morally Bankrupt. We Need a Just Alternative.," Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2022/12/leftist-foreign-policy-restraint-strategy-ukraine-war, JKS)
Restraint is not the end in and of itself must look to build affirmative vision relies upon international collaboration to reprioritize security threats climate change migration refugee policy poverty global health deter imperial adventures demilitarize landscape of fo po restraint will not thrive simply as critique Restraint cannot be reactive and defensive if ever there was a time when the sheer force of events should suffice to undermine a theory, it is now For the first time since the 1980s, everyone is talking about capitalism—not alterity hybridity , or the fragment, but the ubiquitous, grinding, crushing force of capital It is hard to imagine a more dramatic confirmation of the two universalisms than demands for bread, rights, jobs, and democracy secular, universalistic, and materialist demands masses of young revolutionaries called for liberty the U S and Europe experienced mass mobilizations the past five years created recognition of postcolonial theory’s shortcomings There are journals wholly committed to it, chairs in humanities departments sections in disciplinary societies book series at publishing houses , not only have lavish material resources been plowed into the field, but hundreds of scholars have built their reputations on it legions of intellectuals who have staked their reputations on this theoretical framework response to the political developments to bend and twist the theory so that it might appear capable of accommodating developments that rather directly undermine its basic propositions; and violently attack any concerted critique when scientific theories meet with even outright disconfirmation They are able to survive for long periods because of the resources that can be deployed to defend them postcolonial theory is much the same , the absence of experimental conditions makes the likelihood of rapid displacement even more remote. The times in which we live this will not happen on its own All the more reason to begin now. |
0317135d4890c4d9918985e9a02af9faa53eb4a9a15355bb4e35c492a956c891 | ecosystems weaken population losses increase | Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war
TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016 (Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]
as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase |
03a66f6bab8dae1ada0206a805761bc43ed0a558c86c048202c3ba9292981c7a | Climate change burden | Warming causes structural violence.
Parsons et al. ‘24 [Ella Sandrine Parsons is a Senior Data Analyst at the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma; Ashley Jowell is an Internal Medicine Doctor, a Resident and a Primary Care Doctor; Erika Veidis is the Planetary Health Program Manager for the Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health; Michele Barry is a professor of medicine and became Stanford's inaugural Senior Associate Dean of global health in 2009 and started the Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health in 2010; Sonoo Thadaney Israni serves as the executive director of PRESENCE, a Stanford University School of Medicine Center. “Climate Change and Inequality”, Pediatric Research, pg. 1-2, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-024-03153-z published 6-24-2024, accessed 10-3-2024]
climate change burden Women, low income populations and BIPOC communities inequalities compound vulnerability particularly at risk include island states Africa South Asia and Indigenous populations Existing inequalities will dictate access to climate adaptation global average temp increase Africa experience extreme effects sea levels displace millions risk is not distributed equally Asia and Pacific experience high flooding |
03046f33c54a48c0ccbae047291873fb6b256bd6c7f642ea841607a5a1ce5f12 | solarpunk post capitalist post scarcity | [LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.
Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip
A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future . |
0061eededd6f998c0718810917370e27f09137f73be8aacfef4d0e4dad5c9813 | Financial policy attacks capitalism | Do both. Financial policy attacks the core of capitalist production.
Jérôme DEYRIS Post-doctoral researcher @ SciencesPo Centre for European Studies and Comparative Politics ‘23 From price stability to climate stabilization?: the political economy of green central banking. Economics and Finance. Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2023 p. 31-34
neoclassical economics adopts a ‘real view’ instead of a ‘ money view’ failing to take seriously that capitalist economies are a monetary production economy environmental economics focus on ‘real’ variables to assess decarbonization through fiscal regulatory measures this should not lead to dogmatic rejection of financial policies with climate objectives capitalist economies as monetary production leads to the strategic importance of finance finance is ‘the headquarters of the capitalist system financial actors decide the socio-technical system , once finance is seen as the starting point of capitalist development, it appears crucial in future decarbonizing pathways |
02d27ff8bf7c1f479b1aaa7c2a8efff565453d721e4435da195677f6dc8346c1 | ripling re generation by 2030 | Clean energy is inevitable, but it’s not fast enough.
Ambrose ’24 [Jillian Ambrose is an energy correspondent for The Guardian. “Investment in Clean Energy Likely to be Double Figure for Fossil Fuels in 2024, IEA Says,” Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/06/investment-in-clean-energy-likely-to-be-double-figure-for-fossil-fuels-in-2024-iea-says, published June 6, 2024, accessed 9-28-2024].
low-carbon electricity 10 times increase clean energy investment double too high climate targets off track to meet ripling re generation by 2030 vital to enable swift transition |
043a924ac017609054de75c31eb1f939cd8b771f1237c254c6571d375ff3b1df | Decentralization solves warming | AND solving warming.
Balme 14 , Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, (Richard, “Multi-Level Governance and the Environment: Intergovernmental Relations and Innovation in Environmental Policy”, Environmental Policy and Governance, Volume 24, Issue 3)
policies adopted by the fed remain limited coordination remains partial , and limit their effectiveness . Decentralization is regularly advocated by studies of environmental policies decentralization allows jurisdictions to control for their own pollution empirical effects are increasingly documented decentralization allows for policies better suited for local conditions centralization has limitations : little reactivity to local circumstances limited innovation and a strict dependence on bureaucracies and top-down implementation hostility or lack of political will Territorial governments are more likely to be responsive to local circumstances local institutions may facilitate bottom-up emergence of self-governing arrangements |
04133221244c4ad6578ae2a842a04516bfdea7d2911e11fd1cdea9d89ae014fa | Dollar heg is locked in | Dollar heg is strong and locked in by the Fed
Dr. Adam Tooze 20. Professor of History and Director of the European Institute at Columbia University, PhD from the London School of Economics, BA from King’s College at the University of Cambridge, “America Is Ailing—and Leading the World”, Foreign Policy, 4/1/2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/01/us-coronavirus-leading-world-america-first/
others extrapolate dysfunction to mean end of influence simplistic and premature Dollar finance spans the world We avoided crisis because banks are solid Everyone wants dollars the Fed delivered—remarkably interventions in the international arena have been quick and large a repurchase facility allows liquidity And U S took the lead voting for renewal of IMF |
01581f1fb0834b5594f0f5ba753f2bedd86104ef7979950b25db06034516ce28 | carbon pricing reduce adverse health outcomes | Even if not existential, climate change risks heightening systemic inequalities and dooming marginalized populations to painful crises engendered by corporate pollution --- the plan’s a necessary and sufficient solution to the worst health-based impacts of extraction, while providing sustainable infrastructures of support.
Ambasta & Buonocore 18 [Anshula Ambasta [Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada] & Jonathan J. Buonocore [Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA], “Carbon pricing: a win-win environmental and public health policy,” 28 June 2018, Canadian Journal of Public Health (2018) 109:779–781 https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0099-5, Bittner]
Combustion of fossil fuels leads to air pollution which has adverse health effects extraction and consumption have disruptive health effects Limiting fossil fuel use through carbon pricing reduce adverse health outcomes Modeling across the world demonstrate reducing carbon emissions by reducing fossil fuel use has health benefits proposed carbon fee in Ma estimated to save 340 lives between 2017 and 2040 Carbon pricing lead to broader public health benefits Higher cost of transportation encourage to walk or public transportation Reducing emissions through carbon pricing improve physical environment and ag sustainability Redistributing revenue promote health equity through econ equity Improvement in air quality improve health of all particularly vulnerable populations, While climate change aggravates inequalities, and disproportionately affects the most vulnerable price on carbon can mitigate climate change and close existing inequities by protecting populations disproportionately impacted by climate change |
0073f1542c128f34c61cd3dadfea55c98be72c8407c6b83d2c9aa2c6fe7a0e85 | Saudi diversification | Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.
Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)
Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues |
03b2c678f1deb21ca3976f676554c56025f529160c24bdec2bde42613fedce56 | post-capitalist transition at the municipal level | 5---ALT fails absent the plan’s Constitutional precedent empowering localism
Carson 17 [Kevin Carson, senior fellow and Karl Hess Chair in Social Theory at the Center for a Stateless Society, “Libertarian Municipalism: Networked Cities as Resilient Platforms for Post-Capitalist Transition,” Center for a Stateless Society, Fall 2017, https://c4ss.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/community-platforms.pdf]
the municipal level offers the most hope national leaders block the transition to post-capitalist The answer , they say , is to bypass the state None sufficient real danger of repression at the national level failures as venues for implementing post-capitalist transition but indispensable for running interference on behalf of local, prefigurative movements and giving them space to grow Contrast the victory of reaction and failure of challenges at the national level with takeovers of cities all over While the state is bailing out banks and cuts services US cities have a huge role |
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